Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 12, 1875, Page 2

2 CHICAGO TRIBUNE. MONDAY, APRIL 12, 1875, 1833, and the rivor stralohtencd o Its presont yoeidon, After this, tand formoil very rapidiy upon the North Ride, ana washed nway as rapidly uron the Kouth Sulo. Enat of Michigan avenno thero was a la-go tract of land upon which thero woros Lousos, oinamental trees, aud buslios, and the grounds wers Lighly cultivated. . Gradually tho houscs wero undoiminod and hinlto bo ro- moved, Eventnally, the avento itacll began to give way ; and, in & storm, the spray wotid reach tho doara of the Liousos upon tho other side. Whilat thia tiact of land was beiug waslied away, pholetous, Isolated bones, stones, and metals of citrtana formation and not fndigenona to this region, probablv ouce usad as poraonal ornaments or imblemonts of war, wera found upon tho boach, Bomatimos, nfter n storm, portions _of s rkeloton trould projoct from the banka and, wait for the noxt storm to entireiv remova thom. A few In- tlinns did not follow thair tiibes shon thoy laft, and more would oceasionally visit horo. ~ They we10 consulted an to whon fhe ground wyas uacd for burial purposes, and whan such ornnments woro worn, or #nch implomonts used n baitlo, But they had not even tragiions upon tho mat- tor, They wers na much at a loss as to their crigin an our citizens werot and their traditions yau fac back of tho firsk vielt of the carly Freuch oxplorers, TRE FINST WRITTEN ACCOUNT of Chicero boars the date of 1654, when twa French fur-traders roturned to Canada und gave such a gloming description of this rezion ns ex- cited & goneral dispositiou to esplora it. Yot Ahera muat liavo heen whito mon horo ovon bo- €oro that time. 1% is claimed (and thero is good reasan o bellevo) that thero was a misaionary elation at Mackinaw o8 early s 1607, Tho placo theroof in still known au Toint Ignaco, It was thero that Charlovaix buried tha rewnins of Father James Alarquetio whon hn took tiem, nbout 1720, from tho banks of Mar. quetta River ovor in Michigan ; whoro ha diod MMay 18, 1676, within a fow days of 200 yeats ago. About tho time of tho calablishmeit of this station at Mackinaw, thero wis ono ci- tabtshed at Bandwich, Canads, opposito Do- troit. It was not characteristio of the early Fronch explorers to go eo far and then ston, now continent bad been discovered, and Franca wantod all of is that shio_could get. Sho ment bor vessols up tho Et. Lawrenes tver aboit 1550, before tho moat of tho Puritans and il- rrime, whbo eottled New Evgland, were born. 'ho voyagern took alomg nu=atonaries with them: quilo sa tanch bocauso they woro tho beat sducated men of tho times sud dovotces of governmenial extension, as for rellgious purposes, Dut the Irench mado all thoir ox- plorations in the nemo of the Lord, Gen, Lawis Cazs, howaver, whilat Miniater to France, in gratitication of an amiquanan taste, oxam- ined tho papers rolating to tho wurly Froinch sot- tlemont in Amorica, and Lo fuund that tho ro- ;\wnu of theso explorers wore directod to 1liy Majesty, the Ling, instoad of to Ilis Holinosa, the I'ope, Dut, in thoso days, tho Stato and tho Church werg ono, and tho Kine, na well as the P'ope, could do no srong. DBut things havo changed sinco. It is {he Pope only, now, that can do no wrong., Thore is cortainly ono wrong, howaver, that the Popo naxd to do, that ho can- not donow, Ho cannot eave s Kine whon tha peoplo want ns head. And gvon his palitical power yiolds to tho troops of Garibaldi, in Ltaly, and_tho mandates of Dismarck, in Gormany. If thio Fiench wora at Macklonw and S8andwich in 1607, thes must hava beon at Chicazo within o year afterward, and lave established a missionaty or _ military stution hero, and have pnssed on and established other sich atations; appearing to the Iodinoa aa angels of merey but talung possession of tho country for firanes. They nooded no roldiers, a8 tho oarly French missiouarivs gained such sn influence ovor tho Indians that, s sabsequent history proves, overy Indinn was a I'rench soldier, 1 1700 there wero thirty-five of theso mis- slonary etations or quasi military posts locatod all tho way from Frantonae (now hiugnlon&, on Lake Ontario, via Derroit, Maclinaw, Green Iln?'. Chicapo, P'coria, 8t. Louis, etc.. to New Orleans, About the same timo, thors was another route by land vin Iort Wayno to Cli- cago. TIEIR ROUTE OUT OF CUIOATO was down the north fork of tha Sumh Dranch throogh’ Mud Lako, then caliod Jo pefit luc, to the Daesplaines iver, and gonerally in the same Iittlo bonts with shey had paseed ovor the Jokes of tho Faut, This ronte, partially intor- ruptod by tho constiuction of tho Illiuois & dMichigan Canal, bas beou recantly restored to tho condition it occupled for o many hundred years, and the waters of Lake Miobigan and of tho Desplaines River ngain wingle, after a few yoars of unnatura] separation. N::!puloon used 0 Ray that bo alwaya found tho Lord on tha sido whora thero was tho most artil- lery. But haro were a fow traders, liunters, vov- agems, explorots, and misslonaries who, without any artillery, extoudod the Fronch Empire over u larger tract of country than Napoleon would bave acquired with all' hia artilery if Lo had conquered Rtussls. Degmning with New DBruns. wick and Nova Scotia, Lier territory north of ns extondod to tho Puctlc Ocean; and wost of the Minsissippi Biver it embracad all territory to New Orlonns, When wo bought Louisiaua, in 1803, of Napoleon for 815,000,000, it gmbraced Minuo- sota and Towa, And whv waa it that Chicazo naver belongod to France ? Whero {4 the chapter of interpational law that ailowed Gen. Goorge Ltogais Clars (who nad pover Losu hero) to an- nex us to old Virgiula, when tho French bind bad 5 post liero nearly 100 years beforo? tistory de- scrives TATHER JANES NARQUETTE, who eama to Montroal from Frauco, a8 the firnt Europoan who over sct hia foot upon Chleago goil. Ho was beie not far from 1603; and in 1671 his influenco hiad bocome so extansive that he pusombled, at what Ia now Sault de Bto. Mare, o council of Indisns representing all the vations tribes from tho Konnobos Liver in aiuo to the Tted Rtiver of Loulsiana, and hoaccomplishod tha object of his counoil by malking them all aliies of France, Ile transactions were publishod in Taiis in1081; and, if the object of his mission bad not been qmito as' much governmental a8 rebplous, ihin importance wonld not bave been attachod to thowm. Mo acted upon the Napoloonio ldos that, in a war with Great Dritain, the Lord would bo upon the rlde that hiaa the moab tomabawis and goalping- Lnives, Mearquetto was undoubtedly the first whito man who tarried any longth of time fn Chicago. o was undoubtedly our flrat clorgye man. Tho cburch, howaver, m which ho preached was sparod the nocessity of extinenish. ment in the Chicago fire. Without mentiouing Cuicago, howover, history tells us that Father Clande Allousz was in this rogion of country as oarly s 1665, and that, {n 1008, whilst Marquetie way_ elill in Irauce, ho nd & councl! upon au jeland in Lako Suporior at which 3,000 Pottasrat- omies woro prosont, and thoso, bo it romom- bered, wore our ChicagoTndlans, Unless hio hiad previously been smong their Lribo, or haa Fronch ancuts thore, how were they to undorrtand bis Freuch or he thoir Potlawatomle language ? Inl| 1673, Father Jolist jolned Marquotts, and went upon an exploring tour to tho Minslestppi. Joliot went back to Quebec to mnuounca the result of his oxplorations. On his way, at Fronteuno, now Kingston, he told hls story to JWLERT €. LASALLE, who eaw, to uso & modern ozprossion, ¢ millions init," end wanted to **put his money where it would do the most good.” 1ile hastoned to France and secured the good will of Lunis XIV. by proposing a union of the Canudss with the Misalssippl Valloy, snd alino of mi|itnr{‘puum from tho lakes to tho Missiusipui; and, baviug eajoled tho King into giving him & monopoty ot the fur trade in the \Weat, the real object of hia mieaion, ho Lurried back, DBut ha first secured thoe services of an oxl;omuccd Italian navigator named Tonti, with whom he arrived at Quobeo iv 1678, Ifo was Boon after joined by Fatbor Loutn Heunepin, Ho built the firet aall vessel that ever was upon the lakes, and pamed it tho Grifiin, Mo went immediately futo commerce, with Ionnepin as Chaplain and ‘Conti ss Oblef Superintendent. Tontl pagsed tho mont of the winter of 1682 at Chicago, walting for LaSalla and Hannapin to joiu hun, During that year—16493-—-tha Fronch explored the Miiu- slvaippl to the soa. Tounts made reports to the Goveruor-Qanoral uf Cauads, who lransmitted copies to Patis. Thus, whilat Marquotlo was our firat clergyiosn, LaBallo wus our ilrst mow- ber of the Loard of Trade,—tho first of that large number of men who maks such slow prog- voes toward (o Kingdom of Ieaven that they Iet the camel beat them lu getting through tho eve of aueedle, Houcoitis very proper that the stroet upon which our Board of Trado stauds sbould Lo uamed for Lim. And how asuch of bintorical susoclation is thore connect- ed with the location of our Board of Trade Tilock, fronting wiost upon & streot named fu honor of the mian firat engaged fu Woatern com- merce, wuorth upon a strest pamed in honor of the lather of ocr country, esst by a straot pamed for Gow, Gioorge Rogers Clark, who couquored this ropion from the Liitish wnd tho Indiaus, and soutl upon ouo pamed for the father of (e Copstitution of Ly country. What four better ewbleqs for a suc- cesnfni Board of Trade man? Tho entorprise of LaSulle, § 10 moderation of \V;ahmtxion. tho ou. durance of Cli and the Judgment of Madison ! From this period to 1795, when Qen. Anthony Wayne mads the Brat lavd trade iu Obicago, it *pasbes almost out of listorv and, owiuy to the ,fndlum of thls postion of my locture, I suppose ‘you, anxioug for events nearer your time, sre tad of 4t . Yot I must say that pever was go much terrl. tory acquired In o mbort ® time, aud st 0 litle expesse, a8 the French ncquired / fn Amerloa, Rt whbre In that French territory now? ~ Napoleon tho Urrat soid to us in 1803, for £15,000,000, what Great Dritain hiad not conquered from it, And Napoleon tho Littla abandoned.dlexico withoue tho foreo to protect Maximilian, tho Emperor, that_lie him- #oif sont there, from assassination, Indeed, it may bo asked, tn view of recont evouts, it Francs fiag any power suvwhers. I allude ‘not so mneh to the humihation attendant wpon the ro- cont German tnvasion as to tha atill greater ono of allowing its communea to destroy tho monu- monts to {ta glorlona dead ; an if, not satiticd with the destitutlon of present glory, it wonld extinguish overy momanto of tho glory of it past, It was characteriatlp of the "Fronca, whilst acquring the gight to all tho Indian country they conld. to make thom da all tho fighting against other poopla who took 1and only for immediato wanla, Yor, whilat this ramo Frontooc, ~CGovernor Goucral of _Cait- ada, wns sonding out his peaceful emissation in the Weat, ho was send- fng out emiswrios of an entiroly diffarant charactor iu tho'Last. Fiolds waro des- ofated aad buildings conflagrated, and thet was rearce a hiearthstono fn Now England that was not atalned with the bloot of romsn and cbil- dren. And thoro la not & New Euglavdor within tho sound of my voico who canuot rngnn soma wrongs Inflictod_wpon lis ancostars, by Indiana stimulated by Foutonncs rowards for captives tnd ecalps. And, an dzath was preferred to cap- tisity, the moaps wero (ho most numerous, Thedo barbarities conld not ba juatified by wars botwaen Pranca and England; nor by nny de- slre of tho New Lnglanders to extead their ter- ritory bayond immelato wants. For the New Linglanders camo hero with no parsicular fove of tholr tother country, sud the l'rench could onsily have made irlends of them. 'Thoy fled to Amorica from religious Insolerance. Tholr eotticments wero compact, and thoy wero making no offorls to extond thom. The Frouch wero having tho territorial oxtonsions nll their own way. The Pligrima and Puritans, busy in perseenting Quakers, bangiug titches, and punishing onch olhine for violations of tho Babbath, had not got abavo tida-watsr whon the Freach wero regaling thomselves with thowhita- fleh nnd trout of lako Buporior, and gettmg thomselves rich with the fur tralie. Dat tho Fronch weroe doterminad to drive the Lnalish Iangnn;iu from, tho Continout, and had soughi tho’ alilanco of tho Indinus for this purpase, They knew that wheraver tho Lnglish wons thay wont to atav, 'Thoy know that Johnny Ball bad n foot of {mmense siz~, nnd that it was ono of hix characteristics, when he onco zot it down, uever to take it up: aud rho could have proved by any Irisamno then, s woll a8 now, such was thy case when 1o once got s foot upon s nation’s nock. England emancipatea lior blseks, but her whites nover. Tittle did tho French then think that the very colontes that they swere nung the Indinus to pes- woruto were to bs tho only power that evor did mako Johin Dall take hia foot from aa iach of territory anywhere. Bue you ark what all this Lns to do with Chi- ¢ago, our present city, and whv I do not talk of modorn times, taking inthe Groat Firo. A Bos- ton aditar says Lo will give 500 to any Chicago mno, woman, or child who can talk ten minutes without mentioning_tho Gront Fire. How long liave [ heon tatking? Lo theso impaticut ones [ will sy, */LOOK AT YOUR 0177 sEAn!” Thero you eea an Indian with his howand quiver facing na approaching veesel uadar fall sail. Above them both is n cradle containing an in- fant, I wua present nt tho firat conaulta~ tion abont tho citv seal, and thoe iden was that, when harbarism gavo way to clvilization, when tho savages rotreated bofore commorce, tho infant in the cradlo was to wake up, I ahall wake him up in due time—wake bim amidst maseaceos, floods, and contlagration3— wako him amidet land speculations, Prosidontial Conventions, divorca cnsen, reformod churches, and dacapitated Bishops. Meaawhils. as Bnsan B. Authooy told tuls sudiouce, o fow Sundavs ago, *1uxh, my babo, lis atill ‘and slumbsrl” Sho wantod no moro babes woka up until woman could voto, and justice to bor requiras mo to vay (bat sbo adorns Ler priuciples in this reapoos with bor example. I want to {nform you ho'w moar wo camo to boinz A UNENCH CITT. Indeod, soms peovla coutdnd that the Gormans mistook it for one, and captured it abont tho timo they did Paris, Wo wero essoatislly Frenoh until the orcction of tha fore iu 1301 brouzht the Fnglish languago hero, Aslatoas 1836, whon T came hero, tho more Inteliigant of the Potia- watomies spoke the Fronch languate quito os well as tho loas Intollizent inhavitints of Mon- treal end Quebeo now do. 'Those bost posted in Indian antiquities claim that the Pottawatomre, or Chicago Indians, ware bucan offshoot from the numerons and nowerful tribo of Ilincis Indlana tar whom onr Stato was named, also 8 Frouch- speaking peopla. Thus, after scveral-years of progress, we havo only go% back tothe siarting notut, once being Iilinoia Indiazs, and now 1llinots cltizens ; unce rulod by Ludinn sachoms, and uow by sachoms of auother color, aud soms of our tax-payers think that financially our prosont fachoms do not differ matorially froj the former oncs. Thoera wero many fuli-lood Indiaus wha bad beon reared in Fronch families ; and, to kesp them from roturniug to thoir tribes when thoy orrived at maturity, they ware told that they were descendanis of Frenct uoble families who bad beon pub to death in somoof thes rarious rovolubions. A Raverend Elenzor Wliilams, a prominent Protestant clorzy- man, who had boon a long while in the Indinn misrionary service, it will be romombsared, n his latter dazs came to the conclusjon thal ho was tha legitimato soa of tho gulliotived Louta XVI., and i miade #o good s showing that tho Prluce d3 Jonville, son of King Loais Prilippo, camo out to soe him, while on 8 vislt to tho Unitod Bta‘es, A Raverend Mr. [lauson wrote Lim up la Ful. nanV's Magazine s tho roal Lonis XVIL DBut Kiug stoek took n fall abont thoso days, and he did not'goto Paris ta urgo his protensions, It was 8 standing joke, 1n early times, when ono could not trace hie patontage, to sav: **Oh, call Tum a descendant of tho Royat family of Francs,” Ons of these protenders fo doscont from tho novllity of Frauco had been toll that tho sacrot of hiw origiu was locked up {n tho Urcast of an agod Indian Clief wiio visited this city, With o fow (stends, ho acught out the Chief, and slced him if ho conld tell him sbout his French an- cestry. 'The reply was: “Your father Indian, motler squaw, good French! My squaw gat nino papoose, all Irench.” Thus onded the French nobility in Chicago. Whon the Jasb war botweon England and Franca broko ont on tho American Continont, tho French hnd extender their power up the Ohio River a4 far as Fort Du Quesue, noty Pittsburg, nod wore contemplatiug a line of militia-posty from that place to Lake Ontario. Had they sucoceded in this, and held their powor on this continent, Cbicago would cerfainly have boen & Fronch city; sud, in all " prob- ability, tho Parls’ of Amorica; with tho Qanoral Asyombly hero composed of dolegaten from Halifax, Quobee, ontreal, St, Louis, New Orloaus, aud tho Paclfio citios, When tho Yronch detoated the Britisls forces at Yot Du Quesno, and left thelr Commander-in-Ohlaf, Gen, Braddock, desd uron the battle-fleld, thoy thought they bad inilicted n fatal Llow upon Dritiuh power in America, but thoy inflicted o realer one when thay left alive upon the same fatiio-neld tho {ureatlo doorgo. Wambiogtan, destined ro #oon to lesd to glory tho colouists, spurred to battle by the cloguenca of John Adams {n Fanowl Hall avd ot P'atrick Honry in the flouss of Burgosos of Virginia. Aftor the treaty of peaco betweon Great Brit- alu aua Fiauoo in 1763, by which the Canadas wore cedad to Ureat Liritain, our relations to tho two countries wote entiroly revorsed, What- ovor projudices existod agmlvst the I'reuch for thoir cowrse in tho past wera on- tirely obliterated whon Gon.. Lafay- otto” camo to our _rellof durlng our 1ovolutionary strugale. From thiat hour to this, thero has nover been an unkind feeling betwoon tho two natious, save from what Napoleon tho Little wanted to do (but had not tho courngo to do it) durlug the recont War of tho sluve power sguinat our Union. Aud, although tho Fronch usod every effart Lo rocuncile tho Indiaun to the Amerlcans, thoy continned our invoterats enc- mics, and would have mawsacred Gen, Lufayetio with thesawme ferocity au Gon, Wushington, And, notwithstsnding the hallsof Parliamant ance eclis oed with theindiguation of British statcsmen, aud repested prolests wero made to the French Gov- ornment agaiust ludian barbaritios, the Lritish gaw thiugs in o difforent light, sud stimulated tho ludians to evou more Lellish crueltios than tho Fronch. Even after the Amorcan Independenca was secured, the Indisns did not comso tholr depredations, TLike tho Irisuman i the ‘wero for u fight, oy hittlog o head whorever they could #ind cne, Aud they kept Gen. Authony Waynas vory busy until he drove them to f A THEATY AT UREENVILLE, Oblo, In 1705, Now, ladies and gontlomen, I 'f‘l:in 10 got theyw, Now, look fu the oradio! The baby begiua to'nestlo] But don't take him out! kor Areai Britwn Is to five the Indiav de- mong ouce wore, An awful masssers iu 1u the dgistance. By that troaty, Lo Indiany ceded to tho Uuited Btates: **Oas pleca of Iaud, 6 miley squate, st tho mouth of thae Ohicajo River, ewmptyip into the soathwent end of Lake Alichl- gan, Where o fors forwerly etood.” Thiv was an old French fort, probably built over 100 years boforo, by the earliost Fravch explorers, “ILis was the firet trausaciion in Chicago real eatate, But Gen, Wayne wpolled Clivago with s )" The baby's name In 1795 was Ho had not got tho *'go " then, It waa Ch Jo. I liave lklnudy tald vou how Chicago escaped from tha Jurlaliction of tho Fadians, of the Frotch, and tho Enghsh, Now Tmust tell you of another oscape, I mean from " THE BOUTIERN CONFEDERACY. ForVirgintaclaimod usundarthoconquoatof Gon, Gaorae ftagors Clark, whoso oxpodition abe hor- 21 had fittest ont, and the esponacs thersof hiad never been rafundod to hoe. [n 1778, hor Logis- laturo created tho County of Iillinols, embracing all of our prosons Btalo,” Oar address thon was va. Andt but for the ordinans of od tho Northwastors Torritory to 0s, we might have toen brooding slavos up to the time of Lincoln's I'roclamation, nud thy whlte laborers, who have dons so much for tho devolopmant of our city, beon entirelv oxcluded. As il wae, wa were only campelled to catcli tho sinvos that others bred, whitat fallow- ing tho old Indian trail to Canada and freedom, But wo mado sl another cacapo. Yon re- mombor, somo yoars ago, that thoero wera somo politicians who worn rling a horse with n boad upon_both en:ls, called *nyuatior sovoreignty.” Qon, T,oxis Casn, of Michigau, claimad to” havo dincoverod the original horso in tha ieaidantial Wools. This Lorse did as much to precipitats our Inte War of tho Rabellion as ail athor things put fogethor : as it doctrine was that whoever got po:sussion of & Territory firat had 1t, ‘T original battlo-ground was Kanaas, whers the frionds of white labar and black labor stiusglod for supremacy. Clon. Casa was, of course, riding Lis horse ay fast ns bo could gallop hotly ways, withthe cry of *Squattor sovorsiznty forover.” Our first aottlor, afcor tha ttoaty of Graeaville, was A XFGRO THOM NAN DOMINGO, who drovo hils s*akes Just across tho river on the North Hido, named Jean Baptis: Foint nu Sable, Y what was aftorivards kuown o8 tho old Kinzio lace, & fow rods from whera wa now aro. Io did his beatto ingratiato himsolf into the sifections of the Indians with thoiteaol boom- ing & Chief, and then sending back for moara of his couotrymou and planting a San Doningo eolovy hore, Aftor living hero a fow years, aud wmoeting with paor sitceons in becoming Chi retnaved to Pooris, tnon known as Fort Clark, whora he died. Ilad Au sbls succeodod in his dosigns and the dostrine uf syuatter sovoreignty prevaited, how diffarent would have been our condition! Wo, whito folks, won'd thon hayve boen compellod to nsk for o Civil-Tughts bill to protect us whilst patronizing a nogro saloon or aincgro thontrs, = Tu 1500 Hlinois was organizad futo n Territory with Indiana nnder tho namo of Indiana Tornito- ry, with Gen. Willism lloury tiarriton as Qovoruor, and our seat of Goveinment wss at Viucennas, Ind.,, and then wa wero all Iloomers. Our addresa then wai Chicazo, Tnd, But Chicago acjuirod no tinportance untll 1834, when a fort waa orozted hero uamod witer Gian, Houry Denrborn, a consplenouns ooor of the Amoricaa Revolution, and afterwards Socrotary of War. Aund with tho troops ¢amo JOUN RINZIE, fathor of {ho late highly osteamed John II. and Robert A, Kivzie, whoso childron still reside here. Afr. Kinzio was born nt Quobeo in 1743, and sottied upon tha premises of tho origiual wjuatter vovereign, An Saublo, and dled thera in 1924, whore bisson, Joln 11, Kinzie, lived nntil Liis doath, & fow voars ago, Ilis houso was tho tlrst orectod in Chicago, uad it was standing long after Chicazo bozame a city, In 1309, waceasod to be Iooslers and became Buckors by tho or- gauzation of ILinols Territory, with Nininn Ed- wards &4 (Govornor, and with tho soat ot Govorn- mont at Kaskskia, At tae tunoof the massacre, 1w 1812, Chleago contalned not to oxceed & lalf- dozen familiss outside of tho fort; and, it thero aro living to day any deacandants of thona (naido or outside of tho fort ar that time, besldos tio doecendants of 3r. Kinzio, I know it not. Por- hapa Islioald oxcept o swator of tho Indian Chiel La Framboise, who waa hiving in Alr, Kinzio's fumily, aud who afterwards warried Jolin Duip- tist Braublon, who was living at Maclunaw at tho timo it wan taken, sud wainso dossendanty aro qinto numorous in this vicinity. In’1313, Lilinois was admitted into the Union, and thareby wa made ANOTIER VEGY REMANKARLE ESCATR, — that from belog Wisconan Dalzars. For, by thio torms of tho ordinanco of 174/, thres Btatos wero to Lo fraood south of a lve drawn dug cag: and west from tho most southerly bond of Lage Michigan, and txo north of 1t. Whou Aichigan agpliod for admisstou fato tho Ualun wha clauned that, under tho torms of tho ordi- nance, shs was outltled to Toleds In Ohio and Alichigan City in Indiapa, It will bo remom- barad that Michizan sont ous troopa to seizo and Lold Toledo; but Ohio waa prepared to give them so warm a recoption that hwstory only re- coras the number of vatermolon-patchos that wera attacked. When Wiacoasin_was propating to apply for admisssion into tho Union, sho profited” by tho mistakea of Michigan, aud cume not with blundorbussos “but with sweotmeats. Hor newspipors ocalled a:tontion to the fact that, ~from tho southoramost hond of Lako Miohigan, as fix- ad by tue ordinauco, our boundary had boen ox- tended to tha {atitude of 42 dograes U0 minutos. Ier edizonn sent men of talonts all throagh the dinputed tract. public mestings were called, and not only was juscice pleadad, hnt tha advantages wero thoroughly dlscuseod, Msuy sottlemouts woilo unanimous, and othors wera divided in favor of bsing united with Wisconain, Tha dis pused trict hal two mambors of Congreda, the 1lon, Jozeph P. Hoge, now an eminont lawyor fu San Francisco, and myself, And Wiacounsia offerad to mako us tho first two Bonators, and &luo offered to giva the disputed tracs tho firse QGovornor. It was praposed to enacta law sub- mitting the binding force of the ordinaate of 1787 to the Supeem> Couet of the United Statas, Qur Chieago pooplo were wiich divided upon the quoation, awd [ really bellove sorions conse- uonces would hava grovn out of b but or ths embarra«wnents that would be cansed by having the Nilnols & Michikan Caual ownod by two States. As an orizioal quostion, all the five Statos béing out of the Unlon, thoro is no doubt but Congross would bave guforced the provisions of the ordinauco, and Ilhnols been cat off {rom the lakes, and hor Legislature raved from the anooyanco of Chicago lobbyists, But might mado richt. Wisconwin beiug ont of the Unlon, sbo omld only come ioto it witn bonndanos proseribed by n majoritrof tho Sutos in {t, and [ loat the wouor of bowng a Wisconsin United Btates Honator., Dut I am trospasaing upon whut should constituto a socond chapter in Chicazo's history, ombrasiug the porlod from tho massacra to Ity incorporaticn as a city, ———— FROM THE MASSACRE TO THE INCOR. PORATION, It was upon the Tth of August, 1812, that a messonger arrived from Gen, Hull, thon at Dotroit, whose division embraced Chicago and Mackinaw, ag well as Detroit, announcing that war bad been declared against Great Dritaln on the 10th of June, that Mackinaw bad beon taken by tho Dritisls on the 17th of July, and ordering tho commandant, Capt. 1foald, to distrlbute tho United Htates proporty to the Indians in the nelgbborhood, abandon tho fart, and report to TFort Wayne (o Indiana with hls company of shout seventy-five mon., Mark tho dificulty of com- municating news in thoso dayal War declared Juue 10, not kuown fu Chicaga until August 7, Macklnaw taken July 17, and not kuown until August 7. TBut wo got heautifully evon with Great Dritain for her sarprien of our fort at 3Mackinaw before tho war closed, For, whon the Dritisls and American Cominis. vionors mot at Ghent In 1814, to make n (reaty of peaco, England stopped sendivg troops to Qon, Packonham at New Orleans. Tho treaty of peace was signed Deo, 14, 1814, and Gien, Jackson squarod the accounts for Macki. vaw upon the day we colobrato, tho 8th of Janu- ary, thoreafior, Tho Britlsh had not recoived "tho nows of poace, mor had our soldiors o the fort at Mackinaw roceived tho nows of the dec- Iaration of war., Henry Clay was onoof the Commisgloners, aud I shall uevor forget, in my carly days in Cougress, his oxorossious of ro- grot that the news of peaco could not have reschod this country esrlier, as tho bLattle of New Orleans made a groat man of Audraw Jaokson, defeated the re-eloctlon of Jobn Quincy Adaws, put down tho Unitod Btates Dauk, brought tho Domocrats into power, and, I presume, i Lo were aliva now, he would may, caused the Robelllon. The surprise st Maokinaw in 1812 proved a very important waruing to the poople slong tho const of tio Westorn Lakes, Tor, as towas began to multiply, the lshabltanls saw, in caso of war, Liow quickly any of tho Dritish lako vossels could bo supplied with guos adoquato to thelr destruc. tion. During the controversy upon the Oregon quostion, under President Polk’s admiuistration, when war wau cousidered jmmivent, men woro'| coustautly devising plans for our lake defonses, and all urged strengthening the fortificstions at Maokiuaw, as there would be 50 JOPE ¥OU OUM LAKE MICHIGAN TOWNS it the Britlsn shiould capture it again or manage 1o got o war-vesscl this slde of it, aven if wo still held possession of it. Mayor Garvett, of {hiu city, callod a meoting of our promineat citi- gous for consultation, and, to show my conntita- onta that T was fully alivo to their {nterosts, X mado » epeoch In Congrass so animatad that the Now York Mcrald got up a earieaturo, rop- rosonting the Britlsh Lion and myseif bLe- hind It with a club {n my lLands, entitlod * Long John of Illinois Chasing tho British Lion.” I romombor that Jefferaon Davis, who was & member of Congrosa from Mussissippi, alarmed mo vory much by asserting that there was no way In which Chicago eould bo defended, aad that our ehipping could not be got bavond tho reanh of tho onomlios' guos, The Ogden Ditch up the South Branch bad not thoen boen construoted. Ilo also eaid that muoh was tho oaso with all our Lake-Michigan towns sava Cal. umet ; and that was tho ouly barbor ho would vole (o improve nnder m military nocossity. This alsrmod mo thio moro, as thore had always boon an iofinontlal party nt Chicago who con- tonded that our city ought to have been, and would eventually bo, thero. Jefferson Davis was recoguized s good authority on this point, a8, Aoon after leaving Wort Polat, o asaisted In tho survey of the Uppor Lakes, and in tho con- struction of Fort Winnovago, in Wiscon- sin, and 18 sl romombered in tho Wost by many of s oarly sottlers, A Wisconsin lndy, who attonded many pariies with lim when ho was & young Tioutenant, ra- contly describod him to mo as vory retiring aud meditative, and alwaya soomsd to bo coutriving somotlilng, or thinking of somethiug outsido of the company, and whon the licbollion broks out, sho rememboted thia trart, and now has no doubt but that Lo was plotting tronson, Aund, by the way, sho suggestou that shio kuows a tady {n Wisconsin who might havo bean Mra, Davis, and would hava basn but for hior fathor'a con- uinutly telling hor that an army officor was just Iiko o sailor, and had n lover iu overy post. Whlles wo woro Lhua atarmod abaut tho safety of our towns, tha Canadians wero oqually alarm- ed about thoirs, Tlns led ta a treaty, swhich pro- vided that but one armed vessol should bs kept by sither country on tho upper Iakes, sad that vessel should carcy but ono gun, Ilonce our war steamor Michigan| Bho hnsonsganl And thors 1 & Cauadian vessol that has ono also, Now, whou either nacion takes another gun_on board, tiaen comes war, under the troaty, Dut this troaty offoctually allayod the oxcilament which Wostern men had croated upon tho snd- Joct of a sbip canal connecting tho lakes with tho rivers. Commadore Aanry, of our navy, sud mora rocently of tho rebel mnavy, was ona of the mauy very able writors and spenk- era In oar behalt, o freated the subject of Westorn naval dofonues uo ablv that his articlen wera copiod all over tha country, and he thus took £ho matter out of tho haads of Western man entirely, Ilo elavated tho ship canal ubovo all losal or commercial conriderations, and placed 1t upon the grounds of a groat vational uecessity, But tho war fover against Groat Diltaln having diod avay, aud the pooplo having bhad timo for vollection, our fear that, ju auy fatura war, CGreat Dritain eonld sond war yvassels through tho Wellaud Canal, is at once dispelied by tho reiloction that, it wo had & ship oanal, loag boforo war vosscls could bs sont from Now Orloaus up thn Missis. aipol u-ranrn it to Chicagu, Canada woald be takon, anl the Welland Canal would bs ours. And thera 18 a genoral fooliog amoug tho poople of tho United Hratos that a country of tho ro- sousces of Cunada, that is so daatitute of patriot- to spinit, in this enlightoned ago, whoo Ropublica aro tuo ordor of the day, a3 to bo tho ouly spot on tho American Contivont}owing sole nilaginnco taa forolzn monarchy, could no: dous much harm i Sur, Thoro 18 not a poaplo on earih of tho futolligonce and woalth of tho Canalians who bear their yoko a0 easily; and there is no hopa of our ever making eiaough out of thair warlika spirlt to 8aaro our Gaveromant into mak- ng au nppropriavion fora slitp canal 82 mgeh needed for commore al purposes. History tell us thut, had the commandant of tho fort at Chicago done eithor of tivo things TiLZ MASACRE OF 1812 could have baea aviided. Lo could havo aban- donod it instantanocously after rocoiving hia ordor, and roswhod Fort Wayna by = furced warch, or ba could have remained and defondod {t. Dt tho moat friendly relations had always existad batwoon tho oosupauts of the fort and tho Indiaus, aud tho commsudant of tho fort was ordored when ho Jeft to distribito tho sur- ptus proporty in tha fort to thom. Thoy hai pasged in and out at their ploasure over sinca its aonatrastion, and contd have sarprisad it at aoy timo, The surarisa of Gou. Harrison at Tippe- canoo, tha fall bafors, awl the finil dafaat of tho Tn linns tnere, had scomingly bad no bad offect uoon thoso around Chicazo. Dat thie com- mandant haro was a_eircumlocutionist. aad bo- lieved in rod tano. o took from tho 7th £3 tho 15th of August tu maccls Jhis troops out of the fort, accampaniod by . tho fow inhabitants of the placo who had eoight his protection, to tho most sudden and barbarons of daathy, Untit within a fow yoacs thers wera hish sand- ills on the lako shuro alout 13¢ miles from the fork, near the Ilinols Contrul round-housn, from botind shich the Indians rushed upon their Lollish worl, sparing udlthsr ngo nor 833, The factaare too tamiliar to you to need minute description hiora. ‘I'ho niows of tho decliration of war was sant from Detrolt to Fort Wayno, the noarost mllitary 03w to Chlcago, at the samo time that it was sont £a Chicag), and CAPT, WILLIAM WAYNE WELLS, o brotlsr of the wifo of the commandant at Obi- £ago, at onco collected & fow friondly Indians aud scarted to rendar asalstance to tha Ohicago troopa 1n roavhing Forc Wayne. Ha nrrived just in timo to #hate tho tato of the mon whow he cams to asmas. But ho fought so heroically aad destroyed so many of tho flonds bofore bo fall that many of them bdgan to think he hada charmad "life, and thele wrath waa eo grea: gntmt him that, oro ho wag cold in death, Jhay cut out his hourt and dlsbiibuted it in Lxlmmu among tho relatived of ths [nalans who ad fallon by his band.. Whon our city was laid out, oneof ia principal stroets was named in bonor of him. ‘Tha unv:guu killed him, nod worse than savages romoved hls name from the stroot, For ineiticiont city ofil sors alloved gam- blers to sotile theroln, and with them cama tua dikciplos of Potiphar'a wifs and that crowd of moral and soclal outcasts whigh gamblors in- stioctively draw .around thomsslves whorovor they go. ~ And when, ab lust, more eficiout ofticots oxterminated thom, tae property-holders thought they won!d wips nut tlo disgrace which olicial incompotency or degensracy hiad inficted u}mn them by orasing from tho strect the namo of ono who 2o horofoal ly;{nve up hig fifo on the over-memorable 16th of August, 1812, Aund (o samo iofamous crowd wero rocently nbout to inflict n similar disgraco upon tae atreet namod 1n honor of Gon, Goirge Rogors Olark, whon one of our Judges, knowing hiy duty, daro do it, and gave thom to inderatand that thero were laws in this city, and gamblars must obey them as woll as the poor, heugey,snd uait-clad Communes, Tharo wus onco Just sush a crowd conflsoating grnparty in acertain sandy location upan this, the North Side, uat far from hiere. Dut thora was a way found to aava the valuo of property without chianging tho namos of streots, Whatover olso may bosaid of our clty, naver lot it ba said again that men o high oflicial position had so gilded the worst of all vices, gambling, that tho names of stroets had to bo changod to save property from that dopre- ciation and disgrace which all history aud all Ghlc:j.xa oxporionos tells us nevor fails to attond 1ta existance. Tho Indinns must liave rocoived the news of the war and the fall of Mackinaw befora tho fort wea evacuated. In thosa days, syery Indian was a DBritlsh tolegraph, Tor, evon after tha Fronch cedod the Cana- daa to the UDritish, the lattor were in the hLabit of: semembling the' Cbiefs of sl tho Indlan tribes ouce a year at Malden, Oanada, nearly opposito Dotrolt, and distributing valu- able prosouts among them. And, s early ns tho war of 1813, thore were well-marked Indian trails fromavery part of the Indlan country via Detroit to Malden, The Britieh could trust every Indian, aud sond & message auywhoro with him, The Amoricans could not trust auy messago with an Indian, and if they undertook to ssud a whito nan through the Indian country he was mado to suffer tha most distresslug “death, At any rate, tho Indlana konaw that the soldiera were to abaudon the fort, sad thoy volunteored ta oscort W"'" a oirtaln distance on thoir narch to Fort arne. fmmnn,‘m moro blood, otir Indians hasten- ed to Fort Wayne; aud, joining the Indisne In that vicinlty, they attacked it, Aug‘. 25, i hopow of another massscrs, But 1t hold out unbil re- lioved by Gon, llarrison's comwmaond, Sept. 10 Tuo Judlavs there Jearned, it thoy did nob lowow it before, that P aEN. HOLL hiad surrenderod Lls srmy at Dotroit, which he Ald without firlug a gun, on the vory day of tho maseacro at Chicago; and there lives at Qlicago now a gentleman, Mark Beaublen, who way prosont sud witnessod tho jndiguation of our ,soldiera a8 they ateppod uto the Loats that wore to couvey them across Dotrolt Kiver to tuo DBrltish hoadquarcers, Thoy looked upon it mors tbima & surrondor, Our Indians thon hnrried on to unite with the Dritish army, aud had » chance to alalio their thirst for blood st the terrible massacre at River Raisin, baser and more cowardly than that at Chicago, becausethe Americaus had surrondered ta tho Britlub army, yrhich was in honor bound to protoot thefn, Jobn Kinzlo, who|bad fled with his family < from Ohlcago to Dolrolt, was molzod hy the order of the. Uritlsh Gen, DPioctar and Imprisonsd in Fort Malden as s enyi and thore, in that fort, was all thab waa loft of Ohleago, tho balanco deal or supposad to bo. 1t has beon the fartune of our noldiors from the davs of tho Rovolution down to and ncladlug | thosa of our Raboillon to moet with sad ro- voracs at fitat. 1lut thoy have ever grown strong nnder snoh rovorses, and they just lLegin to fight auccoasfilly as tho war terminates. Ouyr solo Oncago citizon ramainod n prsonoe untll tho ovor-momorable worda of Commodore Porry, uttored on tho29th_af Soptombor, 1313, reached the forts * \Vo hava mot tho enemy, and they aro oura,” Now hurrali for Chlcagol 8ho had Tore Maldon sll to horsel?t. Bha hiotd tho key to tho position, No vessel could pnsa up tha Do- trolt Rivor axcopt undor lior guns. The Dritish had fled from tho fort whero Me. Kiuzio was, leaving um the =olo occupdnt. Qon. Harnson retook Detroit, 3 it liad boon surrendorod, with- out firing a _ gan. Poiry had swopt tho lake, and Chieago's = sole ‘cltizen, ruoning up tho stars and stripes, held Tort l\?fllduu, The day of jubiloe Lind come. ‘Wuen tho Dritlsh rotroated up the Thamos, our ludlang went with them under 'l'scumsch, who had a commission as Drigadior-Genornl ; and our army had no [doa of quh\fi them offect a unjon with the troops that wero fighting Con, Browa's command (u tho rogions bolow. Thoy wore fol- lowad, TECUMARH FLLL, and our Indlans wovor recovorod from its ef- fects, In valu did Ulack Ilavk, in 1832, tey to unito tho varioua Indian tribes 1n ono common causo ngainst tho United Btates. Thev know they had no Teaumseh, aud left Black Hawk to tight alonn, Atter tho death of 'Tecumasab, it cama to light thas, In 1809, he had planned the ontire destruction of the peopla of Ohicago, in- eldo and outsido tho fort, but somo unfuresoon circumstanco proventod it just as It was upon tho noint of exacatioa, Whon Col, Itickard AL Johinson was a candi- date for Vice-Iresidont upon thesamotickot with Mr, Ysu Buren for Prosideat, his op}mnunl& dig- putad that he was tho man who killed Teoumach, Kuowiug that Shabboneo, ono of the Cliofs of tho Pottawntomies, nod who was with Tocumash whon ho fell, resided In this visinity, I sought au jotorviow: but was told in advance that the ooly way I could intarest him wa3 to make fn- quirlos about Pocumaseh, for whom ho, 10 _com- mon with all others of our Wostora Iadians, had tho utmoat adoratlon to the sud af his lifo. Shnbbonoo marked upon the gronnd the position of tho Britisa nnd tho Indians whon mat by the pursning Americans, Gen, Prostor in the com- mand of the ona aud Tecumash of tho other, ‘I'lion lio doseribod tho British as 1znomluiously ilsoing and loaving tho Indisne to tuko cara of themeolves. 1lo said the Indians had beon be- trarod by every party thoy had assisted. Tho Frouch firat agreod to protoct thelr hunting- grounds for thein, but had mado thom over to tho Eaglish, who, in turn, had promised to pra- toot taoir hunting-gronnds, and taon wern keap- Ing tho most of thetr troops to fight Napolaon, Tho battlo_of the Taames was on tho 5th of Octobor, 1813, and tho ailled armies entored Franco In Decomber following, and sant Napo- loon to Elba shortly after. e said ‘Lecumsch had becomo disgustod ; and, if bo could have gotten ont of tho war, ho nover would have allowad hig tribes to fight tho Americans again, Shabbonoo eaid tho British wero lying sad tho Amoricans charging whoa Ool. Johason, wounded, fell from his borso. You onght to Liavo soen old Shabbonee at this polut of his nar- ration, No profossed tragodian can do him jus- tico. An Iodina ¢alis much moro with hus oonn- tenanns than tha white man. Up to this timo, Iis countenance boro mars of gloom, doubt, dospair. 1la kaolt down and definod Col. Joba- won's position, Then ho ran back some dis- tanzo, turnad, Boized a clab, and, with the coun- tonanzo of a flond incarnato, ho gave ‘Tecum- sou's Jast raliying vell, and, hrandisbing bis club lika an Lndian tomahnsws in ono hanl aotlus {eni%s 1 tho othor, as if to take n soalp, ho rushed towards tho spot whors Col. Johiuson was sup- posod to ba sufleriug from bis wounds buc, suddaeniy placing lus hand upon his aidoss if shot, ba foll, and imitatad tho dying Tocu:nseh, tlis doscrimsion of Ool. Johnsou's dress and hordo wero very minato, and whan I told it ta Col. Johnsor at Wasbingtin he eaid he could havo givan no botter deacription himsell. 8hab- oonoe proved 3 good cittzan, 81 did ths mauy Indian Chiofa wio passal tao ramatadac of thalr daya [n this vicialty, oll saviag that we nad con. quered the Froucl and English, and nothing would binder our ultimato possipmion of ail tholr foreats: ond alt baaring witnoas that the groat Tocumseh would have sotilad down in peacs amang tho white folks, a3 they thomselven waro doing, could his life have baon eparad, aarsing both French and English for trazehiery and ingra:itude, Blinbbonoo was the last of our Chicago Indian Chiofs to din, o oxpired o tow voars ago wear 3lorris, Grundy County, in this Stats, 1caviag a sou, noy leaving in Kaneas, where also lives a grandion, woo i onoof tho principal Chlefs of what was ouco tho poweful tribo of Pottawatomics, From tho mnsswro of 1812 to 1816 nothlng has ever been known of our infant. Ho alspt ou, Thoe oturs of the Eas! way havo showa upon hin g bat thors wera no shephordato he snided to his manger—no I’haraoh's daughter to uourish bim in his seolusion, Whon ths troops camo hora In that year, Lo reconstruct the fort. they found evarvibing oxactly as the masancre had lefdit. Tho bones of tho slain had never beon disturbod, and tho first sork of tlo soldiers was to colloot and bury thiom, That #AmMO year a troaty waa mado at 8t. Louls, sconr- inz natrip of land twenty miles wido from Ot- tawn to Chicago. Thus oarly was tho importance ol the canal anproc.ated, Illinois Territory bocame o Btate in 1813, ani Gov. Bond, fu luw imaugural of that vear and his valedlotory in 1822, called atteation to tho subjeot; and lns uuccossor, Gaov. Coles, repaatod bia rucommonda- tloa, [n 1818, when oar astoemdd follaw-citle ¢en, Col. Gurdon b, Hubbard, cama to Ohicazo, thore woro bt tvo famitios outside of the Fort, thoss of John Kinzio and Antotuo Wilmette, sud the noxt year, TOE FIRST STEANED aver upon ths lakes, Bheldon 'I'hompson, made Dor firat trip to Maciinsw, but thoro was no business to take hor to Ohicago, Col, Hubbard cime from Montroal, all tho way by water, In an opea row-boat, called by the Irench * bate toaus,” coming via Toronio, Lake Bimcoo, and Qaorgian Bay, Gen. John MoNoil, ono_of the herges at the battlo of Lundy's Lane, Canada, in 1814, was atationed here goon aftar the rocon- struction of tha fort, and ho clalmed tuat ono of his daughtora wns the first person ever Lorn in the fort. A few years ago, [ mot her upon Michigan avenue, and she said sho had been trymg to flud the pisco upon which she was bosn, claimiog the Lonor of belng tha firab por- 800 ovor born fu the fort. As sho was unmar- riod, T disliked to ask hor nhen it was. Thoro are several peraons now living In Chioago who clalm tha distinction of boing the fArst whito porson born _hiore. Aloxander Doauben was bora here in 1922, Thoro aro Isdies who claim a prior birth, but they decline partloular datos, Thoy harl better settlo the contest by spelling \Inlo an\llnn nnmes of towna at the noxt spelling achool. In 1821, Gen. Lowis Cass came hera In n blreh barls cance, and made a troaty with the Indians, which sactired ihe right to bulld & road from Chicsgo to Loth Fort Wayoe and Daotroit, Oar Indlaos were 80 peacosbly dispossd afcor the tall of Tocumaoh that, from’ 1823, tho Goavern-’ ment made a more matter ol convenionco of our fort, often withdrawiog tho troops entirely, until the groat Black Hlawk scaro in 1833, Iu 1833, tho Iate Archibpld Clvbourn came hero from Vlflxlunx aod it waa shen tuat Prof, Will- fam H. Keating, of the University of Pennayl- vanis, visitod hero, and thus wrate: * Thelr log or bark houses aro law, filthy, and dlsgasting, dhnrllylng not the lenst trace of comfort.” U 10 1823, only oua pail vessol made tripa to Chi- 0ago, nnd that to biing supplies to the fort, Tho Awerlcan Fur Company had dona all its business in row-boats, better known fa those daya as Mackinaw boats, Col. Hubbard wmade a trip ‘around the ftakes from Dotroit in & aalt yousel that yoar, Although tho canal land grant was mado in 1827, the law under which it waa commonced did not pass until the winter of 1835-'0. Our uearest land- ollico was in Bouthern Illinols, at falestine, Crawford Qounty, unti! 1334, when ono was os- tablisted at Danvilie, Yermillion County, a little further north, ‘Thore waanono at Chicago until 1IN 1830, there wore ouly fiftoen divelling-honsss, only threa of whicl romained in 1857, and less than 100 inbabitants } and’ the principal sottlement hero waa at tuo forks of the Chicago River, then called “ Wolf Polut,” whero thero was s Lavern, seliool-house, and meoting-house, whore Yathor Walker, & Mothodist missionary residing ac Plaiufleld, Will County, occssloually preached, Thero eifll stands at tho woushwost coraer of Tmyoand Canal atrests s buildlng known for many yoara as the ¢ Greon Tras ilotel,” ercotod 1u 1831, probably the uldest bmalding in Ohicago. DBut thore was stili anothor small tavern on the North 8ido, near tho Vorks, where Uan, Beott atoppod when ho came with the troops in 1832, And there was anothor amafl tavorn kept in 1831 by Mark Beaubisu, called tho Hauganash, ou the southioast coruer of Lake and Blarket strosts, kuown us the Wigwam lot, whera Abraliam Lincotn was nominated for Presideat. On the lot oppoeite, betweou fake wud Water stroots, tho Yost-Offico_wsa located when I camo to Chiosgo, Ar. Deaublen alio kopt » forry at Laks street, beyond which on tho South Dranch thore was neither bridge nor ferry. It w {his hotel, kept by the lato Ald, John Al whose family still resldes hers, that I took my fiat moal uwson my arrival in this eity, 11 1880, tho atoambant' Honry Clay mada trips to Green ihy from Dotroft, soitlv{n the fur-trade intoreat, Thers wan no trade to tska her to Chi- oago. At that pariad, and for some time there- aftor, the South Bide was one entire marsh, with soveral crooks ruunlng Intd the river. Thora was & small bridge on Wator atrect over a atienm which drainod aslougl near S:a o atroet, awml thers was ofton good duck.shooting norih of Madison street, noma lino afier I onme hore, In 1318 tue forwarding housts woro sll upon tne North Sido, 3 BLACK AWK, Ohfet of the united tribo of Bacs and Fax In- dians, was born about 1767, near the mouth of the Itook Rivor, and thero wote his headquarters uuril o mato a tesats coding his luads to the Uulted Biates, and agrosing to go to Iows. Lo wont there, and setelors wont upon his fands, and had bogan to cultivate thom, when ho ropu- dintod lus troaty, returned to Iflinols, aud com- moncod ranssacroing thewm. Before thoe United Htatos conld foke up tho matter, the Gave ernor oalled for traops, and most of tho prom- inent politiciaus volunicerad their sarvicos, and ralsod more or loss soldiers to go undec thalr own Tndmulnr leaderahip, Blaok Hawk waa ohiasod up into Wisconsta, captured, and sont to Wasbington to seo Gon. Jackdop. Jack Falatsll nevor slew as many ton In buckram s osch and overy ons of thase Illinois paliticians did, Hjuads wottid often go out from elmr and hasten back with socounts of_their miraculous oscapes from Iarge bodion of Indians, whon there wers nono in tho wioinity, Au alatm was givon one night, swhen ono of tho most distingaished men in tho Btato mounted his horss, without unbitehing him, and gavo hima spur, when, mintakiog tho stump to which ho wes tied for an Tudian taking hold of tho roins, ha imtnodiately exclaimad : * I surrondor, Mr. Indian I An niarm waa given that a large Lody of Indiaus waa approsching tho Kankakeo nmottloments; volunteors turie out, and found thom to ba nothing but saud-hill crauos. Ifan Todian was fotind deal on tho pratrio anywhoro, soyoral would exclaim, *“That'a tho oao I'killed," Mr. Lincoln bad an inox- lanatible unli‘nly of stories based upon his ox- poriouco {n thia war, but ho nover claimed that his sorvices thors woade Lim Prosident, flo made moroe in his Prosidential camonaign ont of tno rails ho had split than out of tho Indian gcalps he hiad taken, GEN, BOOTT arrived horo with rogular trosps fo take tho conduct of tho war out of the haods of the State authorltlos July 8, 1832, in tho steamor Penosylvanis. the fArst stoamboat trip over mado to Chicago, Dut his stay heio was so delayod by tho Awtatic cholera in 1ta worat form shat ho reached Rock Ialaud, on tho Misslaslppl, lato in Augnat, and about the timo that the war was closed, by tho eapture of italeader in Wisconslu. Poace wun made with tho Indlans in Soptembar of that year. Tho cholera was 2o fatal that thirty bodies wora thrown overboard betweon horo and Mackinaw, aud sbout 100 died; at Chi- cago, Tho deaths woro eo sudden, and tbho burial 8o instantancous thereaflor, that the vie- tims {u thelr last agonies foarcd that thoy would bo puried altve, it 1t could ba oallod & "burial; for thoy wora thrown into a pit at the norchivost cotner of Lake etrcet and \Wabash avonuo. I havo heard Gen. Scott describo this as tho most affecting scens” of hia life, Gen. Humphroy Marsball, 8 momber of Cougress from Kentuoiy, who was then hora as a Sacond Lisutousnt, gave mo a description of tho scene, and thought, thickly sottled as our city then was, ho caull find the placo where Le nssisted in doposltiog tha remains of tho victime, many Dang turown Into the pit fu s fow houraaiter thoy had assisted in dopositing thoir comrades thoro, The pooplo ali throusk the Fox aud Rock River Yalleys Lad fod to Furt Dearborn for piotection agaiust tho Iudianay but thoy soon ‘flod back, hving a greater droad of tho cholera than of tho tndiaus, Tho Dluck Hawk war, although barron of impxtanco in a mlita oint of vio#, was of tucaleulable advantago r{n ringing ta notico tho forula couniry wm the Fox, Rook, and Alississippt River Valloys, and expediting their sotuomont, Chicago grew rapidly undor u devolopmeut of tho agricultural rosourcns of the West. From s ety muotifug broadsiufs, sho so9n bacams one exporting thim. Aboue 130, Oicago was laid out into lots by tho Cunal Comnnissionors, and tasy were sold for from $10 to &80 ench. ln tlio.wiuter of 1832-'3 Col, Hubbard was o member of tho [lli- voim Logislatuto, and ho introduced the firat Rallcoad bil) dvor futroduced futo that body. It passod tho [louse and was lost In tho Benato by tha casting volo of Lisut.-Gov. Casav. Congress had given tho power to mako elther a railroad or wcoual. o 1834, THE FINST NEWBFATER, tho Qhicago Democrat, was estabhished, Up to tho timo of tie fire L iay & complote fi'o of it for ovar & quarter of & contary, waich Iam try- lag to repluse, aud will bo very thankful to any wihy will send mo o sioglo copy or even a frac- tioual copy of it. In ths wintor of 1835-', THE OANAL BILL was passod, and on thoe ovening of ths 16th of Jauuiry, 1936, our citizoos assambled iu mas- maeeting and voted that twolva guns be fired for each man that voted for tho bilt, and that tho no vepapers (thero wero then two wookltea) bo roquoated to publiah tholr nomos {n large capie taly, and the nawmes of thosa who voted against tho il 1u tho emallest kind of 1tsiio letters, Oa the 4th of July, 183, cvery man, woman, and chlld in the oity, Whoso boalil would parmit, went down to wuore the canal was to bo “com- nencad, callod thon Cavalpord, and celobrated tho romoval of tho first shovelful of durt by the Causl Commassioneis, of whlch Doard” Col. G 8, Hubbard was oue, and ho. made a apecch. Col. E. D. Taslor and Walter Kimball, lato City Comptrolter, both now living in this city, woro Marshals on the oo caalon, The late Dr. William B, Egan dolivorad the oration, Near the placa was 2 living spring of wa or. They ohuflpudu tho lemons of sov- oral fuli boxos aud threw them inta the spring, to maso lomovade for the tomporance poople. Ttion they spoited tho lémonade by cmptying into it a whols barrel of whisky, which 8o peoatrated the fountaln-hosd of the spring that Bridgoport peoplo feol the effects of It to thls day! "All of you who ever heard thelate Dr. Williatu B. Egan, tho mout oloquont of the many eloquont Irish orators Chicago bas over bad, will remomber Lo fond he was of quoting Popa's postry. Somo of his auditors had quictly stolon aivay, and, (as lbu{ Liad nn;:roaad) upobserved by hilm, to slake r tholr thirat (hluprlnfi whon e brought down tho crowd by pomting i floger atshom, and exclmming s — Drink deop, or taatonot that Plcrian apring,— ta sualiow uraughtu intoxicato the braln, But dernking largoly sobers you sgain, Oan tho 25th of Octobor, 1836, I arrived in this clty, Jast iu bumo to assist in wakiog up the baby and gotting it out of tho cradlo. ‘Lime was when I kuow overy man, womau, aad chud in tne ouy, and thoy all kaow mo, I dunot know but what the latier 18 iruo now, Hitharto, I bave apokon from tradition, from history, and from what liv- ing. persons lLave told me, ¥rom this 1oan speak of ovents passing under my porsonal ob- servation, and 1n a8 many of which I have participated as much aa aoy othor living man, 1 arrired horo in timo to sco tho troops tako thelr flnal departuco from tho fort, Iut it wan not takon down notil about 1853, when tho Mariuo Hoapltsl wes oreoted on its sito, I was bero when the first man was hung 1 Chicago, on tho n prairis a short distaace south of tho Gauete I{ouas, I was upon the jury that convicted him, An editor abused mo whitsi upon the jury, and tho court sontenced him for contempt. Broroy Ia not the firet martyr. 1ia namo ls Brewart and Lo now lives in Binghamton, N. Y. Our Judge Wiltiama is_nat the flest judicial byrant. His nams wag John Pearsan, and he now lives at Daaville, Iil. Cbailey Recod s not tho firat persecutor of the press, llis nameis Hauting- ton, aod he lives in Chioago now. 'l'hus' wo havo beon ropeating historv, ‘A'bat is all. Thore is nothing that you hove now that wo did not have yoars and geum 870, excep} divotce cases; but wo had but ono Judge thon, and only one torm of court in & yoar, and, if familes quarreled, thay bad tima to cool off, make peace, aud baveanother christening beforo the next tarin of court, 1t was ou » Monday evoning, the 238 of Janu. Ary, 1837, that s meeting was called io the Baloon Bailding, southenst corner of Lake and Olark streots, for consultation upon A CITY CHARTEN. It waa called by tuo ordor of the Iast Board of Trusjoes of the Towa of Chicago, of which tody EW B, Wililams, now a rosident of tms clty, was President, ‘tho Obloago Anterican of Jan, 41, 1837, saya s #The interosta of our town requlre a charter the constant example of our Eastern citios will Justlfy us o alterting it at every session until it moots the wants of & large commorcisl town,” Howover much we msv bave noglocted othor privileges under our charter, wo cortainly have ailed ourselves of that of * altering it ut ovory ston,” untitit has became like the old lady'y stocklug, ** darned so much that nouo of the aviginal remains,” : 1o word ealoon fn thoss days bad s different moaulog from what it does now, It would soom straugo mow to aumounco that a cowt or megting would be held or & lecture delivored in’ » ssloon-bulldivg. When flrac opened, it was tue Jargest sud most baautiful ball tals side of Bafalo, It waasihero that Stephen A. Douglas made hls firet specch in Olicago. It way thore thal tha first Joing political discussion was over bad in Northern Ilinoia, tiat _botween him, in 1838, and bl competitor for Oougresn, Johan J. Btewart, now living at Bpringfleld, in this Btale. At that meeting it waa that one of our citizens launched {oto the future, snd pre- dicted that tha obild was slresdy born who wonld liva to ses & population of ovn ’ pooplo horo, Thin predicuion seemcd '230]?,? posterons at tho timo that msovoral persons a' ouze exclumed * fown lois!" Town Laty " . he bad lota to soll, and was trying to aoll they by humbuggiug the pooplo na to tho tow.."“ faturo gronieas, 1 think I mado about ae v a a propheoy in 1813, whon I, as memner '51 Congress, ~ using oo 'prospoats chy s & roasan for lncr:nlq:' [ bor m?roprllllanu. sald: I 1813 g naconuit! 8 of the Govetnment, duriny iho c Hawk Wnr, compelled the firat ulflim‘fi::{h: make a tup to what is now the great Branary i tho Wont—the Garden City, ‘tros ‘i m witora I tavs tha honor Lo reaido—a chiy oy on a bill, yet 1t will nover bo hld—a"city n,“ momont holding out groater mducamenty for ! 4 vestmouts {n renl entate than &0y n shin bror; counlhtv-—l nl(lt‘v flfilt wllldmm‘dny Alons havg membor on this floor, and tu's mo petaon now alive will live to ave,” "4 Sl oy I not only lived to soo this prediction {lll 1863, bulul. wh}) I’l‘]‘l}dft ChAu dpu-dlc iore myeelf to ful . Aud tho ocoupied tho same seat with me nhqnmlmx; e it wss Dresldent of tho United Biatss wheo T Ln!({llllad ih—fiudrow ‘J:‘)buu;n. cClxlcngu hag ad hor ono Reprosentative {n Cong UO“,V hoa hsru:hrgn. : b BIF Bho pon anothor occasion, at the samo {hunumd again jutotho resims of ptupueg;l:}:a; 0 verifi lon, s TUTURR CIARACTEN OF OUR PEOrLE, 1t will bo romemberad that, st that time State, our county, our oity, and our poople, 'xm intho very midst of banixrnmoy. iava noy time haro to miuutoly deacribe ourtecrible sjgy,, tion finanolallv, But wo wore unon tha svs o donding Commissionora to London to motg o, our canal to raiss the meana to comploto it, whyy the Washington Globe mado a furlons onslaggy tpon_any sich attempt, tasiog tha ground thyy repudiation was disgrrcofal onough, out poye, and misfortuno miglit. oxcuse that: baf }L 1llinota to ol Lerself for Britiah gold way | famous, The Drittah Ambassador scnt hfa p, vate Bocratary {o1no, eaylug that tha By ateamor would loave Neiw r?urk in fortr-cighy hours, and wonld take that articlo with it; gy uplass the saimo stoamer took over some deciaed oxprassion with reforonce to the faelings of oy poople upon tha subject of repudiation, o Cnmmissionera might aa swoll romain at hogy, Altbough tbo yum?nst momber of our Iliingy delegation (Indeod I was tho voungest membey of Congresa), I salled in as fullows ¢ Tlincls will never repudiste & mill of dabt, but will ‘sttuggle on as woll a8 she unhfi;-fl}’a mountain.loid of misfortunes, We aro poor, boy thank God, wo aro honest. Inoompatible, ws ttpe; no map with Bet'iah gold comlug to buy ts, unll 'ty overLact, 'The young men of Liinois axpect In fsy day to 5o her aut of debt ; and thoy are all bent o poyIng uterest, to some extont Immediataly, aug 1y eaient doponds much—very mucli—on the ‘aetion of this Congrcr: and T may eay tho same of Tudun, Michigan, snd other Western sndobted Blatw, 1y theso views, 1 bellove all my colleagues, and al o respective conatituents, and all tho \Veat, concar, ¥ bava a pride in baving onr State solvent onra m, and raying every cent of ber llabilities withonl iy fegal quibbles or dishonorabia campromisce, Asiy glorious consummntion will ‘that be for uall, For one, when it arrives, T wonld way, with tho good my of old, * Lord, now lollest Thoii Thy v-nf(hpm-,, peace, for mine avas have scen Thy salvation gy | would colebra’o the day of auch an i lee, *AY, ext afler tho birthds and tha day on waloh American tudopendence waa dy. slared, T would worship tho dal{xmj: redecmi Ty s m by ey and deht,—tho day of b tlorod, and ber honor regatned, o L CeOk The British zold cama. = You know the resl, My syos saw the “salvation.” But, unliks oly Sxm«m;x. I wos not ready thon to *depat iy auco.” At that timo the northern half of Iilindlahsd but two mombers of Congresa, tho Ilon, Joseph P. Hogo, of Galena, and mveolf. And ths dis- trict that I alono theu ropresonted now Lay nearly l.m(f t}mlr..lan;}:el;u of thlu ls:m in Con. ereas, and full half its population, aud mos than half its woslth, " : g Wo flually agroed upon all the provislansof & City Clartor, and tte Doeard of "Fown Tinstes sont a mossonper by the siaga cosch withibts Vapdalia, about 756 miles bolew Sprinefiold, wheio our Logisinturo was in sorsion. 1t way 80an enacted to o Inw, and wo held au alaction under its provistons 3May 2, 1837. Thus our infant's time bad come, We took it fromity cradlo and pinced it 1o tho arma of Willam B. Ogden, onr first Mavar, and earth's romotest bounds have contnibutod to fis wealth and wondored at its growth, PN — THE WORK OF THE SOCIETY, BECNETARY'S REFORT, Mr. Wontworth's loctars concludes the cours of tho Bundsy-Afternoon Liooturo Bocioty for th season, and therofore the Executive Commities eubmitted the following roport, which was resd by Me. Ieary D. Lloyd. Tue Exscutive Committeo ‘ara ablo to annonnee thit aLtho oud of its sezand souon, a Uit mota L year aftor atarting, the Bund vy Lecture Bocloty of Ci- cago find4 {tacif na longer o experiment, bit ao o tablnstied success, Its audiences hivo Leen Largesad appreciative bosond tho averags, tha lacturers bav beon firat-clasa men, ani many of the addrasss hin becn republished in full b{ the duly papers, Th manlfest growth of publlo interost encourages thy o clety o belisvo that in giving this course of wholeons secular loctures lothe peom on thelr ons day of Lk, ure, ot the cost of production, it Las been sallsfyicgs great popular want, TIUE ATTENDANOE, The Sncloty's first course of lectures bemnf March, 18 4. "1t comprised ten lectures, and wasen Instanfancoits success, though on Whot now seemta smull neale, Thoss locturcs woro daliverod In Woods Hal, on the West 8ide, capabls of seatiug about %0 }muulu. ‘The present courss haa comprived {wentp our lectures, which have boon dellv 1n the Grind Opera-Youse and McCormick's Tlall, asating, respet fvely, 1,500 and 8,000 ?wrla. Thio largeet andiencsct Inst aeason was 3653 of this, 3,00), The averag - nuce that eeason was about 135 ; this scason, THE LEOTURERS. Amang the Isctorers fn this course haveboen the Rev, Robert Collyer, Prof, Nathan Sheppard, Jamst Varlon, the Rev, Dr, Taomas, Prof, Wiliam Mittbe ILW. 8 Olevaland, Prof. Eilas Golbert, Charles D laugh, Edmund Juessen, J, 3, Lalor, Ttobert Herrey, Edward 8, Isham, the Rev. Q, W, Wondta, Madimi Loonowona, Elizabe‘h Cady Stanton, Susan B, Anthe- ay, tho Rev, Dr, Kohler, and the oo, John ek .worth, Tue lscturca hnave touched every variety o ‘aubject excopt tha thealogical, Tue omission was ool intentlonal, Tae proporilon of clergymon among ¢4 speskora has been large, but thuy addresio ] themselr in every inatanco to sccular themos, Tho sudieacel Liavo often been Loo large for the hall, THY CUARACTEN OF THE ATTENDANCE has been noticod £3 vary with the subject and thales- turer, +Tho sudience at & aclentifio lo:ture would &f for inuch from that which gatherod to hoar & lienry or historical papor, The nttendance at the fow s:ed- tific lectures given has been lurfrlnlng,umlhlllfifl'«" ot the GoclflH u Lint for ita next course, The sttend- .ance of workingmen al loctures Liks thoss of Chariet Dradiangh has been large, but si otbers bit not boen caneclully motlceable, No effort bas been made in ihia course o ot particulur class, whether lahorers, tho young, of (Bost who avold the feligious services of (he sy, ~ Tholeo {ures are moant for the people, Tho Bundsy Lecturt Boclety want o raach thoss wlo want to gt good ke tures at cost price, Tha Hocloty fs & co-oferatre l; torprise, Each attendant contributeaa fair sbste tlin oxpense—a margin belng sliowed to socomulsis fund for purposes which appear. = YUUNOUL EXUIBIT, 5, a aocompanylog roport of the Treasurer, Me.To B, Van AVack shaws the: Shancial poeition of 1 5» cloty: or E‘n cash on hand at commencement of * present seanon ... 18 A n\fwm from locturca . 19185 e 1, Dr, By rent, eto,, of hall Hflfi By advertisiog . ifl{m Dy feea ta leotu: . O o Tiy printiug., . ‘c';." Dy cash on Batid, . nEg ‘The sgaroqate attcndance hau been 19,203 B8 gregato expenaca bhavo beon $1,45 140, 'Tho per g)fl“‘" cost of each locture has Loou < s, Tenceald vl charged, and out of the extra +if cents s surplis & $:00 has' been. sccumulated for ibe future uss of b7 Saclely, The moauing of thie exbibls wiif be betd underatood when 1t {3 sxid tha} tho Hociely b2 D0t E celved a cant in contributions, subacr) uanl.'dl' J form of charily, It bias been wholly independent rllaat; snd selfaupporting, Ielss paldlsort Y, iyt Lalls, for advertising, for lcoburers, Tho ouly SXtf tionbas been {n Lhe case of savorsl of tho KUY from this aity, wi 1) contected with the Boclaty bsa roceived 307 Fe2Y ation, oxcopt (ho satisfaction’ that thels wor giver them, yeratd FPROMISES, The profit of $175.5%, which v tha pecanlary ey fbo ,couree, will be urod for the perl"l'“'“ - the ‘work ' of (he Hoclety, Slariing Best son_with (his money, wa fatenl '0 at 19 cents admission, " the Lot course o oy thet hua ovor boen delfvored fn Chicago, THe5, locturors fn the field—native and forelgi=vlt 0, gugod, and every esertion made to briug 0 KEE G, Possille amount of entertaiument sud WETUILL within the reach of the poaple at ho siu: f‘m(,an coat, and on the one dsy of all nthes that 16 el —tlia day “mnlo for wn "—8unday, Forthe, o utive Commitios, Henay D, Liorp, Bex L —————— Girl’s Sohool in Eiun'l- Homan's Journa! - The echool for gitld, lately utnbllu‘hu?hlg“:: thivd wito af the fhadivo of Exybls which % of tho greatest inuovations tho cmm.r}" Py Pharaoks has evory soen, 18 turniug out ”sifl . sucosss, ‘I'ho lady bought o larpe nouse po thiokly peonlod loocsitty, . near the d-u’clm:dm vishes, erocted sround it e quulnmi"onmfl;mmn buildioge, banded them ovor to the ‘cosl Departinaent, but she dufrl{l tho wlolo sl mnfuleunnao. The school s frea to b.! \bers whou 1t hiad been opon ouly four tmont! wara 206 boardors aud 100 day scholsre, sl ALY or a:‘lvu. d’}‘he{ dlicud 1‘::( v?:.imindl oil, 8 6 dreased In frocks, pin oeliun faabioo, andl fuey sl nokoquetio o8 the'ground, but st dosks, * -