Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 10, 1875, Page 4

4 THE FARM AND GARDEN. ‘When Corn May Bo Profitably Grown. Acclimation of Plants---Its Bearings upon Production, Seasons of Ripening---Care Necessary In Experinents, Somothing Ahout Flowors---Bulbs, Tubers, An= nuals, Porennials, Summer Follage- Plants. Prepered for Tke Chicago Tridune, COTYN AND CORN CULTURE, 10wa Farta, Ia,, March 20— Farm and Garden,” Cni0aa0 TRINUNE: Corn s the great crop of (he Weut, Thz'Tainone talks (o an inlelifgont class of farmerw, who are moro or les expert, We all think wo know how to raiee corit 5 hut do we all do ao in the most economical way? 1f It in fo your Mo ivo us & 1horough eseay o thia nubject,—the whole thing, from preparation of tho land to cribbing ; aleo the most line proved fmpicmeuts, A plain, practionl article, it it canld be road by every farmer dn the West, would Lo worth Lundrods of dollars to {ho farmer who {a not theroughly pested, and might b worth no fmall sum 1othose wha do 'cultivate om fmproved principles tilva ua 3 good article on tha subject, . You are very right in eaying that corn i the groxt crop of tho\West, Graus, howovor, shonld be the, primary crop of any rich agricnitural country,—nust somo day ba so in tho Weat,— for prassis the primo intoger, elther in keoping up tho feritlity of farme, or in renovaling thom when worn Qrass and corn aro tho oy Lwo crops of tho prairie-reglon of tho Wenst that over onghit to bo cxported; and theso nover in moy othor ehape than lorses and mules, fat cutle, awine, and lambs, and mutton shoep, aud wool. You may go tho world over in the tem- perate regions,~and theso are tho food, produce icg onos,—and, whero you flad o country ricl in etock, you find prospesous farmera, 1f stock ia neglected, and farmots dopend upon tho ex- portation of grain, thoy fnvariably, sooner or later, find thair lands impoverished and them- selves in dobt. COLN MAY LE PROFITADLY OROWN znywhero in the Wosl whero the soil is rich in humus and the alkaloids, and whero tho tem- peraturc, for st least ons mouth in sammer, rines to at least 70 degrocs Fahrenhoit, and swhero thero is no frost forat fenat four monthy during the growing soason. Houstngunlt, from observatious mado aud datna furnishod, arrived ut tho conclusion (bat “Tha pumber of days that olapse butween {he commencoment of vegetation and tho period of ripeness 18 by no much tho greater as tho mean tomperature is lower.” in supporting this conelusion, ho statoa that, “In Bouth America, maizo comes to matorily in tho course of threo monthy, say ninety-two days,—tho mesn tem- porature boing between 81 and &2 degreos Fahrenhoit ; but, upon the elevaled pains of Bante Fe, maiza will requiro eix nontha to come to maturity, vay 184 davs, and thero tho meau torporaturo is 89 deg. Fahron- Leit.” He farther says: * In examining tho question which now engages ug, wo frst inquure yshat timo olapses botween the sprouting of tho plant and its maturity ; aud we determino the temperaturs of tho interval which soparatos theso two extrems epochs fn vegetable lifo," While tho fl1st propomtion is tria upon gonor- al principles, this acuto obrerver saema to havo amped at conolusious which aro not boroe out 3 facte, The mispamed Irish potato, for fnstance, to reach the hest dovelopmeut, requiros that the g0il bo cool aud moist, and that tha xir and soil benot subject to violent oxtremes cof tempera- tare, It is oxtromelv Bonsitive to cold approach- ing to frost,~tnuch more o than Indian corn,— aud it will not staud tho continued sctiou of ox- trema heat; and if, in combiuntion with ex- tremo hoat, it get undus moisturo, it is fatal to tho crop. On the other haud, Indian corn is en- tirely at bome in a roil capable of bamg beated to o bigh degres, if only it bo capabls of sustan- ing itseif under extreme drouglits, aud will reach 1ts fullest and quickest development and maturi- ty whoie the soil is rich and acep, and tho Leat apd moisture grest and long-continued, THE POWEI OF ACCLIMATION 18 & principlo that must be takon wto consider- ation with pianta as woll as animals, Fow planty possosr thia power in o grestor degree tan the two just mentioned. Yhere are varioties in each that will mature in eighty or ninety daya. Otber varioties again roquire four or five mouths, Thus the pmflnr couditlous for pome of tbo svarielies may bo obtained in a wide renga of lutitndo, aud in various conntries and situations ; and largo or small crops may be amatured according 24 more or less of the con- * sitions precedent are obtained, Agatn, in the process of acclimation, not only tho hobits of tho plant, but the fruit also, wisl bo changed, somotimes #o greatly that the habit of grawth in the plant, and the color, eize, forin, and chemical combinations of the fruit are es- sentially altorod, Olmates where the heat s suctuating, low, or not long continued, canre tho scods of indian corn to” becomo roundish, smooth, flinty, and olly, Whero the heatis grentor, aa in the corn-regions of the West, and espocially in tho South, tho graln ia elongated, Tough, and evon spired on top, starchy, auvd softer in texture, Cold climates tend aleo to carly maturity, bt slways ot tho expeusoe of tho vield,—to “enrly maturity through the woll-known law that plants as well u4 noimals, under abnormal onditions unfavorablo to tleir development, always mako an effort to reproduce their kiud, but always, ngain, from impaired vitality, at the zxpeuso of quuntity and quality, Dut this habit, onco establlshed, of reproduction i counecction with varl nlnlurhv. the animal or plant may re- gain vitality, scquire a dilferoat normal candi- ifon from ihat which it bofors possessed, and thtns & new varioty may bo obtained. Thus acither anlmals nor planta are ever conetant. Every condition to swhich they are subjected shanges them, Wentorn dont corn, carried to the New Lugland Statee, gradually changes, aud becomes flinty, moca ally, and with mors abun- dant foliago; and tho Uint varietics of the Kast, plauted for years in the West, graduaily hecomo softer and mora_starchy in tho grain. "o spoe zles, bowevor, of either uuinatd or plants, always romein the rkamo, EANLY AND LATE RIFENIXG must bo taken luto connideration by tha cultivat- or. In your locality, forinstance, you would not wacceed with tho large, late variolies thut ripon perfectly in Kausau and the southorn portion of sbe corn-disirict of 1llinoly, 1n Miuncsota, n stil] carller varioty than with you would praba- bly be anlnmhlu; certainly it would in Central , Wiscenein, Iu confirmation of this emct, experimovts mado by us In Livinga ton County, lllinvis, some vears uko, may nob be uniutcrestivg, One variety, Lur- lington,—a white, dent ecru, 14-rowod, tie ears 7 to 8 inclies long,—riponcd in 100 days from the time of planting, and was fit to husk” from tho hill—that is, perfectly dry—Sopt, 1. Auolber 1ata Southern varlety, obtained from Kansas, ripens so & to bo fit for shncking Hupt, 20, and wan not fit for husking and cribblng untit Nov, 1, and this in a sosson whon the average tout- poraturo was very high, Al the varioties taated wero planted op tho 1st of Ma: Our ordinary varieties of Western corn, or thoso of medium catliuess, planted ab the sawo time, were fit to husk Oct. 1. Theso will usual. 1y npen—or, in o sverage scasou, bo roady for ehucking—in from 100 to 120 duys, whon planted ut the usual pllu!mf HO ‘The RBurlington variety wo have had tipsn fn elghty or eignty. fiva daye, when plauted frow tho 25th of May io e 1ut of June. Indian corp, although nnt extromely sonultive ta alteruations of Loat, iy 60 in & very cansidera bla degreo. It tasy, therofore, be taken as a typo to lllusitrate the eifect of clinate In porfosting or vetarding growth and in ripouing s grain, polut in thid conuncction, sud one wot goncrally taken into cousideration, is the fact that THE EARTH 18 THE GREAT WTOREUOUSE OF MEAT; and vory often the superficial observer, or exe erimanter, will be sorely deceived fu his deduc. Flonn, from the fallure’to woigh ovory inteper tuat goes to mako up the value of® oxperi- went, It is the differcnce bLetween — tho choriatan who willfully decoives the mere theorist * who ~ jumpa at vonclue siogs, ‘fLo agriculturist who recks to eliclt facts muss neceesarily be oxpermiontul, and work upon inductive methods. No deduc- tious muse be drawn excapt thoue that cun Lo proved from Yacls. Lliminating fagts frow care- fully-conducted experiments is of the utmost lmportance in acquiriug new Luowledge reluting o Agtleultul ‘I'hey must not ba couducted Ly mesy protendors, nor by that, class of xo-called sclentists who are frone to juwnp st conclusiony. TATIENT IKVESTIOATION IN AURICULTULE, by earsful experineuts, wost precads, or Lo the gronndworlk furnisbivg correct duta, This, snd & patisas icvistieution of the revulis of contine £ 1L AL g /ol THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, APRIL 10, 1875.--TWELVE PAGES. ued exporimonts under various conditlons, cnn nlone givo correct data upon which to l‘mmd facts, o, in eatimating tho time of ripening Indfan corn, or any piant developed by solar temperatura, caro must taken to employ the same varioty in each caso: and tho experi. menta should be conducted through a serios of soasons, and every procaution taken tonote causes which might'tesd to produce other than provious results, All facts tonding to throw light on agricultn- ral processes, or which tend to oliminato scien- titlo facts, aro of direct monoy.valua to the na- tion at Iarge. It ouglt to bo mada the legiii- mato eplere of competent officers under the Governmeont, 83 [s tho caso in gomo of the Euro- can bations, For the timo and troubla roquired 0 eatry forward logitimatoly oven simpls oxperi- ments procluden tho passibility of its heing done by mon who havs their daity bread.and-butter to earn. Take Indlan ¢orn, for fnstancy: Wo conrider from 401050 bushols a good crop; the ma- jority of Westarn farmers nover complain if they ket the Jemser quantity, Thore ara plenty of rocords whoro 100 bushela per acro have been ralred, "Tha consus-roturns, in excaption- ally-good years, show an averazo of ONLY ANOUT TWENTY-ZIGNT NUSTELY E“ acro for tha entira acreaga planted. Some- ody must Joso & pilo of moncy somewhare, for tho average is the mean botwecu the highost and Towest yiolds, Who losa tho money? Asa tule, thoao who think moro of yellow-covered navels than yellotr fields of hoavy corn, nud moro of gorinl atory-papers than coreal graing, $"The Farm and Gacden” caunot dovole moro Bpace to corn now. It miay bo thought by some that much that we have said hore has not much beariog on tha sahject. It bas more than that clags ot reasoners, It thoy do reason, think, aa o shall show a8 o proceed. 'L'uis we may do trom timo to tinie na spaca wliows, 1t i hardly witlin the provinca of a matropoli- tan journal hiko ‘Tnr Tnioose to publish very extonded nrtfcles upon tho technology of Agri- cultare, Novertholess, this is an important sub- Joct; and facts, and figurens, aod practieal ex. petienco, aro what counstitute tho chiof valuo of that which relates to farw-economy. SOMETUING ADOUT FLOWENS onght to interest every rural reader, as it doos renerally Intorest city and suburban roadars. 1t thoro farmers who “have not already done no wonld pot apart a plat, however emall, of the homo-grounds, 1t would bo fonnd to_bo ono of tho best-paying things, next to agoad vegetn. ble-garden, that could bo provided. Years ngo, whon plants wera not easily pro- cuted, because commercial florists * were fow, =aud florists’ flowers and plants wot geverally geown by them, it waos often diffienit ta gat beddinz plants; and thoro who loved flowers hal “to content themaelves with annuals, end such roots, tubors, and_bulbs, a8 cancas, Madelra vinos, dablias, gladlolas, ete., and such lmul{ Lhings an hya- cinthe, tulips, narelssus, and its noar rolation, the jonquil, which roraain in tho ground all winter, but which, by vosd caltivation, are al- witys mulched to kerp them from aliernate freozing and thawing, Other beautiful aod thiotoughly-hardy bulbs are crocus and now- drops. IE to thero you add a herbaccous peonla or tao, n few plauts of tho bazatiful bleeding. heart (lllmnlm?. and & lew clumps of Japan lilica,—all of which may ba planted in the spring, —you wilt got much satiafaction therefrom. YACINTI, NARCIRSUS, AND JONQUILS are dolightfully fragrant, and, for this reasonm, thoy aro especially songhit for flawering in pots and glassos ; they make most pleasant additlons to tho flower-stand in_the parlor througoont tho winter, and untii tho glow of tloweramaka thogar- den and grounds bright and fragrant. All thess that wo baye mentionod must bo planted in the fall for bicaming ontsldo, except csuuas, dah- Has, gladiolit, Madcira vinen, ete., which muat be wintered ia dry eund, in somo cuol, dry place, oxempt from frost, Among the prottiest and most uzeful beddiog plautd are peisrgontums, verbenas, hollotropes, and punsics, Those are now easily and cheaply obtaiued of any commaercial florist, and, fn many canes, sont by mail at abont &1 per dozen, Al this price, certainle, fow need be without FOME 07 THESE MMETTY TIING3. Y7hy 1a it that so fow of that quean of flowors, roscs, aro been about our country-placos 2 Al that Is roquired of annual, or Juno roses as Lhoy aro callod, [s to plant theia and care for them, snd, after the firat sonson, you hare searly DLloom and frogrance. Wny not train a fow climblog roses up and about tho porch ? Do so: you wil mnever regret it, With theeo” and tho Juno roses, you will Boon come to want a fow of the lardy por- petuals, that, with elight protection in winter, walko the wite and niother hanpy, and the chil- dron contented with home, howover humblo it may be. Among the moro common and protty annuals, ara astor, balsam, clarkia, convolvulug, larkspur, lobelis, marigold, mignonatto, nastwmtinm (dwar(), awect-poa. phlox, Drummondil, portulace ca, and Zinnla. Within the lsss ton yoars, ad- ters, balenms, convolvulua, and portulacca, have beon much improved, aud the acels of oxceed- ingly fino varictles #xo now as clionp a1 tho older and common zorts, In planting your arnuslsecds this epring, do not rorFut that'old favorite, the Sweet-Willlam (dHantlhius), now tmproved #o a3 to be desirablo In auy collection. They donot flower until the second season, it is tiun; but, traneplanted into n bod when the scedlingd are of a proper size, thoy will amply repay the litlo troubles and caro thoy roquiroe. Now, wo do nol expect our roaders are golng fo rusk ioto flower-cultitto on musse, nor that thozo who do wudertako it for ibo fiek thmo will do ro oxtensively tha firat eeason ; but, ro far an your monns go, and your leisure will allow, thoro ls nothung with which you can employ your timeto botter advantsge than with = feir attractive flowers. Did you evor admiro a beautiful follage-plant of Btately growth and tropical appearaueo, with it large, porhaps nearly purplish, and deeply- cut leaves and etem; or with blood-red leaf. riba and stallis; or, x)nrhlpu, with tho stalks aud frdit of o dslieats rose-color; mud, perhaps, foel a qualm “1‘0" hearing it ealled o castor-oil lflmt? f 8o, forget the ualm, for esstor-oil has gono out of fashion for purging juventlo bumavitys but remember that roma varietios of this family, Ricinug, ara owong the moat benutiful of OUR KUMMER FOLIAGE-PLANTS, o thay are among tho most eaclly cultlvated, it planted when the grouad 18 warm and all dauger of frost ls ovor. Do, therofore, plant a fow flowers, you who have not alroady done #o; but do not nogloct tho kitchen-garden, 1f you cullivato that as woll ns tho chbildren” will tho flower-betls, yon mtay perbaps find your reward In do- creased doctor's bills in the conrse of years, and wo aro sure your family physician will' rejolen; for, although doctors must Jive, this they may eusily do from tho ailments, real or imagionry, of thoso offenuinato ones of both Buxes who cannot hiolp themselves, or _that othier class who never road, cultivato pardeus, of onjoy tholr fruits, Yes, your phvelcian will rojoice, for thero are few moro Lumane, seif-sacrificing individialy tuan tho educated phywician, And ko, dear rendor, cullivate a gurdon, and with it a fow flowese, 08 —— V/HO GAINIS DY THE NEY POSTAL LAW? Tolhe Editor af The Chicano Triounat Cutuavo, April 9,—Tna following ciroular is from Jamea Vick, the Lorticulturist at Rtochos- tor, N. Y. Hrens oY Jxeness,—The Tost-OfMce Department Viavivg doubted the rere of poriago oo seedsy bl ste,, wo will in the fulure ship our ordera by expresy, ns faros practivable, Mleass b parifoulsr aud give your exprusa oflics und nams of ‘company, sud if it Will be convenlcat 1o rucelva packago by exprees, *If it pays the expross compsnies to trausport packages, why uot tlia (loverowsnt, swhose ar- rangewents for the buriness should euabls it to do tho work at eveu loss ratos thun the osprasy compaules, and with & profit? W, —_—— APRIL. Now do tull rivera flow inlo the sea 5 They lap greou bauks, and, in their play, Catch at thy loweat Lrstiches Ly tholf way, 'As one whioss fuy it iu to foel bt frev, Now Iba youny lesves do fringo thy aspei-trea; Woods yluld & muild, moist tlavor of decay ; Marshou thelr yellow meuigolds display ‘Lark, tirusti, and robtn, make & eymphon Wuen frat thy Pasquo-fower creope above § And 11ts it yule cup for & draught vt dow, 1In vacaus spaces whure but grasses nod, Ratlexive Lo (ke wind, all Butawmer turough, Wo kew whora Nature's hoauteous feel have trid, In impresse of Lifo that all our llves renew, Banavoo, Wiv, Lowiy O, Woonuaw, b MR oyt * stights of Naturallzed Citizons, It way iutoroet our Gormaa citizens to know that u residonce of tivo yoars 1o tho muthercountry fuvalidates their Amarican citlzonslip under tho presont breaty, Tho treaty which was wado in H6d botween tha United Btates snd tho old North German Union provides that cach country will recoguizo the uaturalization conferred by the othor uponresident of tivo years, A naturalized citizen returning to his vative country is lsbla for any punidliablo uct committud beforo ho emi- grated; If bo ruturny to bis native country, with- out futending (0 resumo resideuce inLiy adopied, Lo {s beld (o bave renounced bis naturalization. #'Phe fnteut nut tu rotwin may be beld to exiet wheu the persun uaturaiized ju the oua country roeidod wmore thun twe years o (ke other coun s THE BLACK HILLS, A Prospective Stnmpede to 'Fhat Section, Can the Military Keop Out the Treasure- Seekers? Desirs of the Indians {o Sell Their Clalms 1o the Country, Is Thera Qold In the Black Hills 7.--Some Specl- mons of “Arpentiferous Gafona.” Corresgondence of The Chirago Tribune, Currexyr, Wyoming, Avril 1.—I lefe Chicago on tho 218t of March, en routo for tho nearost availablo point to tho Black Iills, and arrived hioro tho 24th,—stopping over oue day at Omaha. This makes n threa days' continuons journey. 1 uoto this fact for tho attention of thoee having tho now Callfornia fover, and who will not bo porsuaded otherwise; and their namo ia legion, On my trains 4 ecemed as if every other msu was golng either now or in & fo mouths. 1t Is sala to say that TEOPLE ARE PAST REASONING WITH, and this now stampedo is boyond control. That is, thoy will not Lo satiefied with ansthing short of & frea exploration of the Dlack Iiills. Any one will agree with me who han the opportunitics of questioning travelors from Chicago to Sait Lako City, and from DBismarck to 8t, Lonis, on tho subject, It fs in vain to cite tho undoubted contradictions of tho varions partios coming from the Mills; valn, talking sbout past ox- perionces in new nining distriots ; uselows, pointing to tho impossibility for ono-tonth of thoso who are likely to go obtsinlug = claim, even should the gulches bo dirided luto ono- square-yaid lots, Aftor leaving Omaha, whils neated in tho smoking-car, the followiug converaation atiract- od my attontion : 8o you'ro golng to the Ilack Iills 2" 1+ Jost ea soon es tho Govornmeat lots up.” »Well, I drovo tcam in Cuater's train, sud I tell you i T8 A HALT. They didu't get no such prospects. They got them prospects in thoir bead. I eaw momo good quariz and a littlo gold,—that's all,”" (1f Collins and Gordou, of Sioux City, wish to sxamino thig teslimony, the last speaker's namo s William 8, Pecls, of Daveuport, 1a.) “Idon't care. I'm golug to soo for myself, 1 know a feller who's been in them Hills, and furder north into the Panther Afouatains, 'long tho Rosebud, cs fur back ea 54, with Bir Georgo Goro; and Lo lit onto a prospect better nor n buchen Cuyase ona cold day.” This was but one of many Intelligent men, ne woll as educatod ones, who have mads up their minds to go into the Ilille. Some are going to try it atonce ; othera, and tho majority, will wait until tho country inopened by purchaec. Tho question ag to the ability of the military to accomplich tho distasteful task assigned thom {3 an open ono {n tho wiuda of many. I think, lowever, tho romarks on this and other points of av officer I mot to-day are worth repoating., He lias been oo the Plaing a number of years, +¢1t voetne, nt firet thought, to be a diftienlt thing to undertake to kecp out ten or twenty thousaud mon from thers wilh the small foreo avallable, DLut, if you considor thie matter, it is NOT EO HABD, Tirst, therd is no question of tha determination of tho suthoritirs, ‘Fho President has directed that tho troaty muat be maintained, and Gen, Hherman has hed this instruction published. INow, the routes into that cauntry must be along tho atreame. Tho miuners have to camp for water, and cannot escaps obaervation, If thoy do, the Govornment, as a last resourcs, ean post troopd on the streams running out of the Hills, —saurround it, in fact,—~andpatrol betweon posts with cavalry." “Suppoaingthe miners show fight 2" “But they won't. I've hoard of only ons man who tallind of it, snd that was Gordon, who led the party 1 thoro now. Warrens, s momber nf bhis “party, who came out of tho Hills to thia place, told mo that Gorlon announced hia do- tormination to rosist tho soldicrs if he met any, But Warrens #aid Do, with the majority of the rarty. mado up their minds to help tho soldicts Giordon attemptod to fight the Government, Have you nover scen n policoman waik into a Jargs crowd and make an nrroat? That's it. Onr peopls tro lnw-ablding at bottom, aod none wora friondly and respectful to tha army than thoso Weatcrners, Aty opinfon fa, that the coun- try will bo OPENED IN THINTY DAYS, You eald the Indians want toellit; enld ko last fall; sont o measagae to that oifect Lo Gon. H. P, Dmdlur. commandiug oflicer at Fort Laramie, The Eeo o of this tosn tried to got Red Cloud aud Spotted Tml down hore about the samo tima to nogotiate mecrotly a right for cortuin parties to gointo the Hills. The Indianscan do that undsr the treaty, Those two Chiefa got ns fir a8 Nick Geonoonsa's ranch on the Piatro; but Ited Clond bado't & pass to leave tho reservation, and tho thing fell through, The Indians lave learned pomething of tho joevitablo results of gold-discovorles, and wans to tako timo by tho forelock. The ‘squaw-meo’ amongst thom have an mhmgl"lm to prowpect thero, aud have holped ou that opinion.” + {Fhat aro squaw-men 3" #\Whito men living with Indian womon. Thers ate are s Iarge numtor of them abous the two Agencies sbove here,” “ Do you lhlnk', Licutenant, thore 1a gold in tho Dlack Il 7" . IT'8 TMARD TO HAY, Thero may bo quaitz-lodes and some gulch-dig- gings, 'Lliero’ no doubt, in mymind, that thero lias been a good desl of Iylug by somo ono of the return party at Sioux City. Ono thing, thoy had no quarts whon they lofs tho Hills; the ouly lode found was aftor they left, Tucn, again, all the gold washod out by tho entire party was given to those two to make a showing in Bloux City,—aboul £10 worth, That'a what these meu who camo thronglh here say. Two of these (Blackwell aud MoClarron, I beiluva) wera holped ont of town, to go to Bt Louls, by pn- vate eubseription, 8o thelr ‘clean-up’ could nol iave been much, or elsa thoy gave Tz all to Gordon,” *1low Is It that the military genorally discredic the reporta from thorez" {mply bocauso, a8 a clavg, officors aro con- sorvative, and no positive testimony has yet been praducod, 'The talk about their being in- terested 1y, of courne, bosh. In the first plico, most of thom have been In mines: and * A bumnt ehild,! youZknow, As to the claima sald_to Lo utaked out by Cunter's expedition, that's all non. soure, Admit thore were. ‘Thoy sro not worth shucks, Tho troaty makes the sequisition of all such proporty illegal, Lesiden, the United Blates Mining law, possud three years azo, roquires A10 work a year for every 100 feot chfmul; and thoy didu’ ‘put 10 cents' worth, Nono of the Ruaeall party ean hold their claime if any ono ‘wauts to contest thom, Wo want thoe couutry oponed; that's cortain, It DON'T LELONG T0 THE BIOUX, andneverdid; it's Crow and Blackfoet land ; and, whan the trealy was made, in 1864, at Fort Lar- amie, the Comtnigsloners nevor carsd Lo vorrach this error, aud tho Hioux, with tholr nsual ag. R1o88ivo linpudenco, 1alked tho matter through, T immediately bunted up Alr. J. Nowton War- liuded t0. 1 found him fu Judge Whito- ofice. Mr. Warrons i4 from Wachits, Kan., and ia a farmer, ifo idaman of medium beight, with sharp_featuros, and & complexion very much bronzod by exposure, Ilia muuuor of tolling bia story was straightforward, ife {dently belioved what Lo was tolllug whon speak- rens, head" ing of his tip. Tho *grassnoppors cat him out" at home, aud ha joincd Qor- don's party st Hioux City, Uo Is no miner, and lila acconnt of the valno of the prog. pocts iy what othora told him,—Xiuyeoll, Gordon, and Witcher, ‘Therofore, that part of his story in vo noww, Tho ?uuunnn of liis routes golng and coming are of valus Lo those who (utoud going into the Milia any how, Iluesys that by atl odds CUEYLNNY 18 THE POINT OF DEPANTURE ; becaueo it was ecighty days' {ravel from Sionx City going fo, and bo walked to Jort Larawio from Cudlor Valloy fu ten days, ovor arouto which would giveno troubls ta wagons, with *'gliort eatmpa of wood and water,” ‘1le dintanco by wayof lawhide Duttes is about 200 miles, aud 90 of that through % sottled country; that 18, from this placo to the fort. "Ihiore is uo doubt of the truth in rogard Lo tha routes. 1 can vorify mearly ull of " Alr. W.)'s wtatotnonts iy that yespect, A glanco at tho mep wiil show tho comparative distances. . A party of five mioors, hesdod by the cole- bratod * Californis Joo," left 8 faw days ago for tho north, They bave fltted themsalvos out with trapa to mako & showing &8 uqrm but tholr resl intontions aro well kuown, “They bavo n two-horao wagon, carrying thole grub and blanketa; concoalod at tho bottom of wuioh e a ‘complota mining outfit, A company of the Third Cavalry, commanded by Csot, Whitman, hias aleo taken its departuro from Fort Iussoll, ostensibly to =cont for Indinns, bus really to avertake Joo's party and [ ANREST THES if thoy erons the Dlatto Itiver, This inthe firat noto of war, aud the result ia fooked forward to eagerly, Tho encceseful ercapo of this party willbo an assurance for othera; for the town ia full 'of mon anzfous to sat out if thiere shonld ha any hopo qf crossing the llatto, which in tho boundary-Jiho, and getuing boyond roach, [The telegraph had informed s ‘that “California Jon's " party were overkiaulod by Capt. Whitman, ~Fn. Tniniye.] g Capt, Whitman ham been especially nlectord for bis energy and **lovol head'’ as I heard a Eanllumnn say, This Intter quality appesin to 0 especially “dirdnesed. 1 have mot a numbor of tho ofticers, and thoy sncm (o think that soma one of their number il be placed in & vory try- ing poeition, Ana one eafd to ma: *! Suppore an officer up In that country meetan party of miners, won't it ho s hard question to decide If the miners refuso to ho arreatod? it duty {n tooboy hin orders ; 1 e don’t, ncourt, and whnel goes hiscommirsion. On tho otherhand, stippose, in obaying ordern, a number of his own counteymeon are kil'ad, These men aro not mnr- doreir, nor liorac-thioves, nor burglars ; true, they ore Lrospassora and violating tho law, but thelr acta aro not worthy of death. When you conaider this, dou't you beliova thab in tho latter raso, tho oflicor, by the unthiukiag people.—~aud thes ate tho wajority,—will Lo bianded nsa Hastingn or Haynau? You eco it wul sequiron lovel head.” owover, there {s no douht 28 ta what s his duty nn an ofticer, and the Government will rua- (;\n him. It haa too. The poopie will, too, in tirmo. 1 was shown msomo of (hio quartz brought horo by Warrens from the lode that Whitney writea 22 earnostly and simply to his wifo about, ¢ [ ehall havo s housp for sou and baby. Iwhnll spend tho rest of my ‘days in tho Black Hills, Our fortuno fu made. Lbavo 200 foet of this lode, and it NEARLY PORE 1R Tho gentlomnn who showed e a plocn of thia “noarly puro silver” aaid, with an air of om- preesmont: * Thorn, Dayonet, look at that ar- goutiferous palona.” wArgentiferous galona ' Lias volume to it and ono who thinks, as the miuora say, ho'W got tho world by tho coal-fall, when Lo has atricle It rich, can'roll it out with great offect and a power of satisfaclion. #Look at that! They can traco it for four miles. I'l be dogged I Idou't Leliove its al- most puro,"” Alas! Bsyonet wort sadly back in his mcmnrfi throe yonrs, when, ons lodo it n dustrlet whic shall bo nameleay, ho siruck just that kind of :na. J\Ir. Hehriver, the Asenyorat Deuver, re- urnod: 4 A TRACE OF GOLD § %O SILVER.” The enthusiastio gentleman was in nowiso daunted by my story, and ghowed mo tvo teat- tubes ; [n ono, somo silver dissolved sud precip- stated; in tho athor, a pieco of that *‘nearly yure " ore, *His words aro good. Let him mako tho specch : + Now look, Bayonot! You xea the silver at tho bottom {8 wlita iu this one that wo kuow is ellvor; andlook at that one, it ain't wiile, but rery nearly so. At resembles the other a litile, don't it2?" 2 Does it oceur to thesa enthusiasta to conaidor geologically the postsion of this littlo nob of tho main range 7 L_;is thom do ko, aud put just thiy oue littlo chargo in their pines to smoke: find a parallel in all mining bistory of such & mero 10-acre lot, iaolatod and broken off, whero procious metals were found i large paying quan: tities, BavoNET. A BIRANGE DUEL. The Table, The followipy lines appeared In the Darls Fi- garo of Dec, 12, 186—, exciting tho legitimate curiosity of all tho fdlo, gosslpy, dolce-far-niente inbabitauts by their Lrovity and mystory: “Last avening, at a privato rocoption given by the charming and talented actress, Mlle. AL D——, of the *Boufles,' tho young Count Gaston @'Avray, well known in onr highest circles an n most amiablo and accomplished gentloman, thraw a glass of Moot In tho face of Dukoe Albort dola Iive. No roason was givon for this unoxpected occurrenco. Cardd wore exchanged betwoon tho two partion, and it Is rumored that tho hooor of tho falr hostess hotscl? is compromined In thls lamontablo affair, A bicntat los details,” Editore of the Table—GENTLEMEN: Haviog boon presont myself ot tho altercation that arose on that momorablo evening, I feel par- ticularly pleasod to be able to elucidato a matter which has bitharto romainod oulgmatical to tho Parisian seandal-browers, and which even tho ublqulitous, prying Xigaro haa over boen Incapa- Dbl of divinlog. ‘The morning aftor the supner, Dnkae Albert do In Rivo's scconda presentod themeelves at Count QGnston's hotel, aund, baving bLoen ushoroed’into hls private sitiing-room, tendorod him an un- monted mlseive, stamped with tho Ducal crest, the contonts of which ran ns follows ¢ **donmezun LeCoute: Asloverof Marguorlte, you heve nctéd incho most despleablo manuer. Buels things should liats beou concoaled. You also lusulted mo grosaly and —— stunldly, Tho satisfaction’ I desire from you, and which tho gontlomen who bring you this aro authorized to claim, is that ycu shonld pluce yoursell at my disposal this evenlng at 8 p.m, procisely, to meot mo at tho Cafo Anglais, whero wo will sup together in Room No. 7; eud as I know, Mou- sicur lo Compto, that you are o fino cater, I de- mand of you to accept my challengo, to-wit: thak wo shall oat and drink until doath onsues to ona of us. . . . Good stomnchs will tell— qu_en peneez tous? Yoil-thrusts, platol-balls, nnd all such barbarous instrumounts, lacerate ihe fleab, destroy ono'd squanimity of mund, and up- ot one’s pystem, besides hurting atrocl excollent repast will bo mora palatable. **Qentlomen, {uu can inform your friond, tho Dk, thot I will hold mvsell at” Lis disposltion at tho hour named, and that Milo, Al D— her- selt will honor our meating witl: hor presonce.” At 8 o'clock threo porsons aat down to tabla in an ologant and sumptuously-furnished *cabinot .particullor™ of the bost boulevard restaurant, five minutes later, throa dozen Ostendes, accom- penied by two boitlea of amber-tinted Chablts vioux, wera placed beforo the guests, and the disoreot garcon dinuppeared, leaving two doadly enomiea 10 the faco uf cach otlior, and a smlling but bewildored woman between thom. [ am so vory glad that eversthing has ended in auch n satinfaciory way,” obsorved the youn neivess, ** My Hoederer I too sirong for you, thinl, Gaston,” sha added, playfully ; * horeaf- ter I wili tall Jncques ouly to pour you ont two plnsscs, Yon haod no idea Low heady it was. And thon Monsieur lo Duc actod #0 very conie posedly. _ You aro too rash ontirely, mon chor.” w\ell, Iavow," roplicd Gaston, us uo finished Lis oysters, **1 was rather flushed, Iut tha Duko aud I are above such tritling poccadilloen, 1y the way, Do Ia Itivo, haw do you find those bivatvea? Ratlior copperish, holv? Woll, reslly, 1 prefor them to tho Amoricnn and Euglish na- tives, for I confesn I find a cortain savor to them ,unequalled by lllf foroign oyater, Washoddown by i oyt Chable T frankly think I could wirallow anothor dozen, Waiter!" Tty thoe way, how charming Schnoldor' {a in + Barbe Bleuo.” Whata hic thst cher Offenbnoh hag mado. Why, Bchnoider’s impersonation of Boulotto ia simply sdmcablo; wso articss, yob Lold; so brond, withuut vulgarity. Positively dolicions, that woman. I enjoyed my evemng wonderfully." *Yes, iudeed, Duke, T mot Moillao the other night in the coulisees of the Vurlotes, Banguino fellow, ho hopes for a two hundred nights’ run. "Thaoks to Dupuis and Behneidor, thio pleco will Jast, . . . They say that the :“:,ln'r;a ot Wales in very—— Abl liere la tho . At thia momont the garoon esterod, bearing & superb sole au gratin, while the butler, aproned and ready with the corkecrow, placed a battlo of 1437 Chateau Yquom berlde tho u}mauzlng.r dlsh, “What woro you alluding to, (laston?" eaid the aatross. Oh, nothing; & mere atago polin ; eome be- hind-scene scandal. Duko, allow o to pour o out somo of this golden nectar, Fino sroma, *uu, e an roclogist, will flud it exquisito, and approclata it, too. It was recommioudod to ma by my friend Eruest Hendove. You remombor him# _Door follow, fie was kllled ot Bolferno. Hploudld_artiet, Landecape palntor of great morlt. Curse tho Austrizu lulteta, Iord'a to o, %8s saylng, o quatfed off bis glass and fin- fulied, seruputonsly, the geucrous portion of koln pluwfi before hita by bis gastrouomical adyor- sary. i ""1“11}- g-h,l"l:nhl‘ .‘\l;rnxor!mj ";» not up to 1o Cafo Auglals stundard; it lacks woracthing, Leanaot ioll whath " "y * Lemon, Pellmps‘" gald Quston, *“But I asNure you i u delicious, and I will refer to tho Duke, whose fouduvess fur tlsh [s proverbial at the club, I beliove ha desccuded hito the Macl- strom with his yacht after & Norwegian salmon, and hia treotise on plecatorlal matfers in geu- eral could not hiave boen botter, oven in tho En- cyelopiedia,” * No, tto, madam. Gaston oxaggorates, Tlo~ sides, 1 would not take upon myeelf tho liberty of criticining your oxcellont tasto: but I really find this diaki worthy of tho cordon bleu attnch- to tho rostaurant, sacculent and woll tlavoged In thaoxtrome; however, you know they say Je quatibus non dis.” ‘* Como, como, no Latln, Duke. Tho greatest wrong & man can bavo towards women, somo- timos, I8 to Lo in the right. BBut I will capitulate. But what is this 2 ” * Ris ds veaw a la Jardiniere,” paid a sprucoe, livoriod garcon. *+\hat wing, gentivmon 2 " *+ Margoaux.” " Woll, what ia the nows of the weelt, Duke? " continuad tho fair comedicnne. ** Auy nowrons quesin? In it really truo that Cora intemida to make hor debut in ** Orpbeo aux Eofers"?z Come, drop thia taciturnity aod tell mo all yuu know, Wiy, I declare, how yoit do eat to- night! Aro you famished? You don't cal, you devour.” “ Lrodo in the Bois this morning to {ry my new mare, Fanny; the rido sbharponed my ao- potita, Asto yunrather questions, Mademol- #ollo, enswered thio Duko, tasslog off a emall glars of clarat, fuetantly roplonished, I must find my breath to ropis, Conquents I have fow. My Don Juanic days sroovor. 1aw o bite ter ol skentio naw." “Yooh!" retoried Marguerite, A men of 05, an artist, a willionsire, turning eyutcal, ial hial you are concealing samo *honne forlune,' Mon cher, tell mo, ia sl pretty 7" Y No, I nm eslons, Mirs, I abjure tho fair sox pro tem, 1 find women to Lo 18 porfldions ag tho waver, An Linglish poot sald somotbing 4o that offect, I boltove.” “Perfidious s tho wavos! Well, 1 agree,” Tanghod Marguoritng “but mon are such good swinunors, you know.?! ** You are facetions, Madamoisello, Tut, nov- erthelers, 1 no tonger beliavo in women 3 and in their virtte, lees,” “0h, horrivle!” HWhy ¢ **yell, to nreseryo a preclona obiject, {6 must bo u »dka?l{mu 88 possthlo. 1s not'that so " Sertainly.” \Well, nppl{ that aphorism to virtuoe.” Bat, Count, you nra not eating. Allnw mo, Jloro comes n* Chalcaubriand auz ]-l:li.’.y(ml‘s,' that looks superbly. Suppose. Madamolselle, that wo postpone ur pr?'rllolnmcn\ and_abatract dircuswion upon virtno till thatof the old Ileauna, I .hnlvq ordered, bag been tuoroughly fuvesti- goted.” “Aa you will, Daks, only Iehail mako n des. perato strugglo, I warn you, to sustain tho honor of my enfumnizted sex.” “A discomtiture from such s falr adversary would delight me, Mademoieclla,’ * Lonis XV. ! Louts XV,! Duke—old achool,” Intghod Gaston, helping ' himsolf to a ealmis wittch bad just beon Lrought in, “ Iy the waz, what has becomo of Charles Donnay ?” “I can't ray, wy friend; the last I heard of him was thas lie worked with Rechefort, Did vou geo hig last Lanferne? Admirably earcastic it was, ton—keen and cutting as an Aloppo's ulade, 'Tho follow will get in troublo bLelforo long. Matlcmy words, Dut lio yearns for repu- tation. 1ia talent justifles his ambition. Dut as a camarade I profer bim to o politician, What o charming, sociable, witty conversationaliat ! Badinguet will eolzo on him yot. Troublesomo dags 1 etoro for Trauce.” *Oh, bah! Duke ; how do you know? Moo rumors. 1 defy tho most claver etatesman to prodict the fuliiro of I'ranco alx months nhead.” *0f Franco, I agree; but not of Paris, Parls and France differ radically, (Tho wmter hero appeared, bringiug a pordriz aux truffes, o gom of culinary nr(.i‘ Politics, like roligion, aro nabulous. "Buch a dircuseion would lead us to the morning, besides aunoying Mademoieello; and, as Thavo a great troat in store for you, we will leave politica nstdo.". A troat, yon say i +Yen; mnccaronia s Eolferino, which will ap- poar in good timo.” **Why, Ia that anything anucnhrly regal 2" " Qulto a novelty in Y'atls, I believe; a do- licious dish, and a legendary one, too.” +» Tlow-is it so1vod P Ob, eimple onough. Macearoni cooked with tomatoes, scraped Uruyere, oniou, aud finely- chopped ham.” « What o mixture!" naid Marguerlto, “Noj it nppears that, altor the battle of Sol- ferino, ‘tho mperor and bid nidos de camp, with Qou, Fleury, woro totained in somo old, desoit- ad, bullet-shattored cot near the flcld of Lattle, and that thev woro obliged to find their owu din- ner, 8o Fleury poked about, and, after a dili~ geut goarch, found some maccaroni, & piesn of utale checso, nud somo ovions aud lomatoes 1 tho parden; #0 o mado an amalgam of the mu- teriuly, chopped ulx overything togotuer, aud put it in & pot in tho fire, stirring it around with his sword. The plat wrs pronounced oxcollent, and now it is tho rage horo, with tho very eago addl- tion of trufillea.” T'ho dinuer now progressed rapidly,—onirees after ootrees, partridyce, chickens, quall, veni- son, vogetables, ronst aftor roast, laved in tho oholcost brands of Burguudy and Deardeaux, Balads, entremots, and lessor dolicacies, aided tuo rivals to vmoty bottlo upon battlo of Toed- arer, changing from {imo to timo to rodolant Goisenhoimer or sweet 'Tokais Neegelrodo puu- dings, gelees au Madere, croams, meringuc, fruits, nnd shorbots followed each other in vertiginous succorsion. Grave fnfractions o tho cetablished Iaws of o sociablo supper were made; but both ato voraciously, and paid no at- tention to tho remarks of tho actress, wiilo Daxarete, L'eralts, and Asti wero drunk, ad infinitim, ovor twenty varied desseria, Marguerito, #olo witness 1o this swango disploy of gormandizing, began to suspect that someth.ng was wrong, slthough the gonoral conversation was cf (ho slightest aud most Lrillinnt style, untilthe adyorsaries beo- wan to whow signa of replction aund fatiguo, Ilushod by winos sud rich food, Gaston breathed lieavily, but, notwithstanding, fivlehed o largo omeletle aw rium, which wus pronounced so pal- atnblo that anothor larger one was otdered. +Ilore’s to your good wishos, Duke," sajd Mar~ guorito, nttempting n smilo, and sipping lingor~ ingly af a glars of Lawnol. “You compromise yoursolf, Alademolsolle.,” Goston grinnod, . #You aro witty, Duko « Not atnll, Everything witty in tho world hias been #nid or writton o thonsaud Llimes, but nlways appears now, tlo majority of peoplo only resombering whut I8 stupid, "My ‘foeble at- tompts hava but tho charm of being apropos.” “‘l think beforn our Mocha, Caston, we conld do justico to a patedo gibler or do foie gras. What say you *¢ Volontiers,” muttorad the young Count, wha, crimson and purple in the face, tottered to the window and remniugd o gecoud breatbing tho cool moruing air, ‘Tho visnd wan brought, and tha Connt, appar- ontly relieved, bezan to pattako of it, Scarcely aanlouto hiad elapsed, aftor baving put the irst motael to Lis mouth, when he gava a falat, half- stifled ery, and foll backwards npon the earpet, dragging with bim o kalf-nshed glass of Bpan- fslwino, o 4 o 5 Whut passed subsequontly wea not narrated by the actresn, but two hours later, whon the door of tha privata apartment was broken in by tho alarmed reatruratour, the bodics of Duke Albert de 1a ftive and Count Gaston 'Avray wora fouud, choked todenth , and Alilo, M, D—— stretchad upon the uofa, incapublo of uttering a syllante, her Jowoled hand arlven intotho wall by & ditk— 2 fuches below the boll-tastel, cxclaimed tho actrees. DO’ 1 should like to 8se & world peopled with mon slone, just to sca what kind of creaturca they would become, but I never oxpect o, There could bo but ono man In It at o timo, 1o would havo onten all the reat. ~ I aliould ko, too, tor 2 world peoplod with women slous, but Iuover shall,—{ would not daro go near it, I have some ambition to bo_ a porfact man,— but uot tiil after [ am desd and iu another state of existeuce, fur it i & end thingto have no character atmong ono's fellows, I wish [ had Jugenuty enouneh to eteal withont belug caught, because 1t i plnnuu‘p to acquira reputation and respoct in tho world sin told that our broath poisons the alr, and hat tho trees hiave to keop it puro by uuckin, tho poigon out, 1t scoms to mio that a greal many people aro put into the world for nothing but io make hard work [for tho troos, I do not “"i'fl"“fd it. tal b ‘Thero ks an awfnl catastrophe that T sm in @read of, Lam afraid that wa shall leatn gomo gny"m mn;l mlm mfiucu :]hnnruhtn. That will 0 tho end of soclety, and of marrlage, Ve slall have to 1iva alon after that. 5 WO We knew o man once who did vot ko to have his namo in tho nowspapers, [ have not seon lim eimce 1 was a Loy, [ think he (s dead. Whon I wea youni 1had thougliy of mar- riage, aud 1 hogau to look for & wifo whom ol woinen would speak well of ; but 1 nover found her. I havo wasted my time, ‘Ihero was u placo set apart {n Ileaven for rood wiven who could dndgu o wicked thing us iarshly when a wan did it as when a woman did it._ 1t it has never bieon oceupiod, [ boheve. T foolisbly appliol myself oncoto the wtudy of the Iaws, It is fortunate that I gave the stady up, for I should havo becu sorry to loso all woneo of Justice, Binca roy eyes boeame dim, and Ido not rend Eny moro, I find myself growing dailyin wls- jom, 4 droamed Jast night that Thad threo frionds. How crazy wo aro in our aleep, SPARKS OF SCIENCE. CAOUTCHOUC, Caoutchovo i3 oblained from a great number of tress belonging to differont fanulies, an tho Moracew, Artocarpacea, Huphorbiacea, Apocy- nacem, Asclepladuced, and Papayacea, It ex- ints In tho milky juice socteted by tho plants of theso orders, (hrough which It s diffused in the form of minuto globmles, When the jutco ia ex- tracted from the plante, and allowed to stand for o elort timo, tho globnles rise to tho top like a rort of cream. Lho treo from which eaoutehioue in chlolly dorived in the Jiast Indics is a pceics of fig (Ficus clastica, of the order Moracetr), that grows abundantly on rocky declivitien in tho forestn of Assam, Luckimpur, and Sylbet. ‘I'ia trao attainaa great oizo, and has largo, oval, thick, nud glorsy leaves. It amall fruitis in- ediblo. Fifty ounces of tho juico of this troo yield fully 15 ounces of caoutchoue. Tio sacred fig of ludia (& religicea) slso afords tho samo gum. In Douth Americs, eaoutehone i3 fornishad mainly by the siphonfa claatica, n treo common Iu the forests of Brazit and Guiana, and beloug- ing to tho order Luphorbiacew, ‘Lhis treo rears 1t straight, scaly truok to tho height of fromn 60 to 60 feet, befuro piving off its branches, Other trees In Ronth Awmcrica that yicld cacutehioue aratho Collophora wlilis, nnd Cumerarialotifolia, of tho order Apocynacee, 1In Madegascar, the eubstanca Is found in the Julcacf tho} alica qummifera : and again in the East Indles it in furnislied by Willughlicia eduhs, and Urceola clastica,—all plants of the ordur Apocynaced, The firzt specimenn of enontehoue were Lroupht to Lurone from the Laat Indics; but in 1735, the earliest account of its nature and propertics wan comniunlentod Lo the Frouch Acndemy by M. do 1a Condamune, who hiad examined the substanca In South Ameiea, In 1707, Fremaenu discovered caontchone fu Cayenno. It was origioally ealled elastic gum, but recelved the pame of * India- rukber from itn use In rubbing out black- tead pencil-marks, Feor this purroso i was Importer In emall quantitios at the closo of tho Inst century, and wag sold nt & high price, It w23 not until 1890 that 1ts uses extonded beyond tho craeure of pencil-marks, altbough the in- erenso In ts fmportation liad reduced the coet eo that it was accesrilile to evory onn, T'ho manuer of obtaining caontzhane in South America Is an follows: With a eharp justrument, etraighe aud sloping incleions aro made in tho bark of the trce, ono_above the othor, to tno Leight of a man's head, Under the incizlona aro placed veseels of clay, holding about a tumblor full. Tho juiea I3 whits when it lire flosws from tho trce, but a brown color is imparted to i by forergn matters mized with it, and also by sub- Joctimg [t to tho thick, oilv emoko of firea mado of urueari nuts, ‘Tho natives havo clay molds of hottles, antmals, ote,, wiuch they dip intv the milk end liold over tho emoka untif dry, 1opeat- ing tho procosstill tho rubber is of sufiicient thick- nesd, \\ch it ia removed from tho moll and i ready for tho market. Cacutchouc from the Enst Iudley {s gonernlly fn the form of kalls and Junhy, and ta of & light cofor, omng; to 1ts being dried in tho =um, On teaching tho manufaclurer, tho firat thing doue with tha crude caoutehouc Is to cloanen it of impurities, It iscut_into shredwand thor- onghly washied, by tho ald of machiuery, Whon puiitied, 1t 15 placed on trags, and dried by ktanm. It ia aftorwnrds kucaded inton solid mass undor heavy rolfers, of sullicient weight to cloea ail alr-holes, and to comprees (he substanco into a compact block. This block i then cut under water into slices by powerful kunivos or rhears, and the alices mo divided iuta piecen euitable for tho trada of tho siationer, or they ara manufactured into bands or thread. ‘Tho utility of eaoutchoue 1ainfinmtely inereaserl by o chomical process callod vulemnization. This_ process was first discovercd by Gocdyear; but, .kept by him n escref, It wan independently dlscovered by Iean- coct:, of England, and” palented Ly him. ‘Tho of.crutlon consists in combining cacutelione with sublimed sulphur. ‘Thus treated, tha tubslanco ratnins olasticity at all degrees of temperuture, is not dizsolved” by any known folvent, aud ro- alets compression in tho higheat degroe, A mix- ture of tar and eaoutchoue with mota than their welglit of suloliur produces a material wo lard and biack that it rivals etony or jor, and, being susceptiblo of n One polish, is manufactured into an endless variety of orhamental articles, such as bracelets, combs, pencil-cates, ote., ote, Gutta-perchia is often corfonuded with caont- clioue, but is & quito direrent pubstauce. 1t is tho dried juico ot the fsonondra gulla, a tree be- louging to tho otder Sapotace, and growlng in the Peninetia of Malacea aud the Mulayan Ar- clupolngo. Tho frco attans o large wize, the {runk somctimes messuting 3 feet i diantoler. To obtain the juice, tho treo s cut down and stripped of fta bari, and the juice, which lics noxt tha wood, is seraped up into liztle troughp, As it hardons, 1t {4 kueadea {uto cakes, and ia then fip for exportation, From tima to timo, drinking cups made of this material had Leen brought to Luropa by travelera from tha Enat Indies; but It properties were not Lnown until 1843, when Dr. Willlam 3ontgomerto brought it to tho notico of the Socioty of Arts, London, and was rowarded with the gold wmedal for hig valuable service, o gutta-porcha of commerco has fo Lo cleansed by about thesemo process as that applied to cnourchoue, before itis fit to be manufastured. It in imported in lumps of from b to 11} pounde, and I8 of a light brown color, and full of pores, It totombles cork when cut, and has on odor Liko clicere, Tho substance nas littlo or no elas- ticim, and in this diffors esuentinlly from caoutchoue, { ENEMIES OF THE APPLE-TRCE. Tho applo-treo numbera among its cnemies not Jees than soventy-five different apacien of in- seets, Of theso, tho bligut-inzect (Erlosoma pyri), and Lo young of the cieada, prey on s roots, 'I'bo former in o nearally of tho Phyl- lozera that doea sueh preat barm to tho vine, The roots of ntroo iufesled with it ehould be dipped In sonp-suds, and, when replauted, a ehavelful of gebes should Lo mixed with tho dirt. 'fho young of tho cicada—commonly called locust —lives sixteen years {n the ground, and, though usually sucking tho sap from the roots of tho oalk, It sometimes nttacka tha applo- tree, aud, during this long period, proves a se- rions drain on the treo, I'ho trunk of the apple-treo §s subject to at- tacks from & wumber of beotles that bore Into the bmk and wood, Among these pesta tho moat prominent s tho common apple-tree-borer (Saperda candida). ‘This may bo kept down by cutting outtho worms, or by pouriug bot wator into their lioles, {u the autunn; or by applsing roep to tho trunk, or smrounding it with " tered papors, fu the spring, I'wo Buprustid borers, the Chrysobothrix Jemorata pnd the O, favricu, aro nlso connyens oud foea, und are Lo bo treated in tho enmo way oy tho Saperda, Othor boriug Leotles grloating tho apple-treo ato tho white-dined Jrenocerus ; tio cylindrieal Lark-borer, o Tomicua mali ; tho spple-twly; bover, ot Amphicerus bicandatus ? tho prickly loptostylus (Leplostylua aculijerus) ; aud the applo Imannm Nexe to tho borers, the moat destructive enemy of the applostres i tho scab-Insect (Myfilaspis pomorum, Boucho), Tho best romedy for thiy avil Ia to serapo tho baris of tho treo tn antumn, and again in Juno, when it should bo washed i whalo.oil eoap, & - 'Ihe leaves of tho apple-treo aro liable to the ravages of tho Americun tont-caserpillar (Clisi. ocompa Americana), the cpukor-worm (Anis- opleryz vernala), the apple-sphinx fifiphin: gnrduu) tha (Papilio {uerina) swallow-tnil uttaiily), the apple nvla (Aola Malona), the bud-worm, thoe pulmer-woru, the twiu ‘spote ted loaf-minor, tho appls-aplis, ote, 'Ilio coddling-moth atracks tho frait, laying its egus in the calyx of tho blossows, just as the petals aro fallivg, Tho worm latohes in s fow days, aud Lurrows fnto the toro, Iuthres woeks 1t {8 full-sized, wnd the applo it feeds upon withe erd promaturely, and drops to the ground, ‘o warin then loaves it sud crecps under tho bark of tha treo, whoro it wosves s cocoon. A fow duys after a moth appoars to roproduce & erop of catorpillara boforo wintor, aud thos the round of lito of the coddling-moth ia sustained from year to year, and tho crop of applos iv seriously di- minishod, or entirely cut off, by its wischlevous dopredations, - THE ARRANM ISLANDS, AMr, Heury Chichostor Hurt, oue of the natur- slisla to tho Arctio Ixpodition of 1575, has pub- lsbed o list of afl tho tlowering plants aod forne kuown to occur in the Arran Tslands, Gal- way Bay, Ireland, Thesolslands aro thres in nume Ler, aud havo a total aves of 11,287 acres, ‘I'he privetpalistand, Inishmore, is 7 miles long by 2 broad, The population of tho islanda is about 9,300, The formation boloogs to the Upper Carboniferons Limostono of tho bod of Galway Day, and cousisty of deeply-flvsured platforms or torruces, paved with largo flage, Tho tlors of tho Atran Ivlos, sccording to My, Hart's list, lo- cludes 872 species, tone of which sro peculiar }o tho lslands. Amoug thom ave thoe Laboceia poli- Jolla, Ajuga pyramidalls, snd Helignthemum cannumy, while Centlana verna counnenest weodn, the flora I the lnxuriance of tho fn tho fikruren of tho rochs. en-hmir (Adiantum capiilus-veneris) (s eald [ Is ono of A pro ‘ominant l'a:\l.umuxlz? _fl!l’lll rowin, Tlio trio mank tie common on all threo islands, and oftey wil fromida 2 foot loni, T Lo TAM® miusqin {he feonds of Asplnium marinum adaiz Tength of 3 feot, aud thoso of Celerach afficiay. arum & foot ¢r more. Mr, Hart®ins ndded abonf twenty-fiva fnrdigenoun species to thoso alreagd, kiowa, Tho flora of tho holo of tho wea 2} Trclaud 1 intorestig, on sccount of tho Yoy, Lurorean typea it wucluden, fndigating tha pog. ¢iblo union of tho Iritish Istands with'tha Cop, tinent at & fornior perfod, In the eisth andd Aoventh conturien, the Arrgy Islands formerl an imporiant ecclenigstical ey and at ouo tima contunad no levs than twayt, churchos and monasterice, Tao old shriney relien seatterad over thatlanda stlll attost many [!\fnms. The walls of Bt. Kenanach Chre ikt In fho envonth couthry, arn yot slandiis. oy well ag tho utono orntories aud Ittt Gono by of the monks. Remarkabla' military antigujtiey alko exiet on tho Intauds, 'Theso arc In tho fory of c!n:lul;r al;-clnvxenu fcl’h"flflfli"fl of mlxxlmun, no- cemanted nloties, somo of whoeo wally i 20 foot high, e SANDAL:WGOD, Fendal-woad is tho producs of kaveral epestsy of trees growing in tho Faat Indien ani gy tropleal islands of Llio Bouth Koan. . Its compaet, flue grain ndapts it to the manufactnro of wrt.* hoxes and ornamental articled 3 whilo Ita power. ful fragrance, destructive to ingect-fo, cop. mends it for use {n cabinels for the preservatioy of specimens of natural hislory. It odor {a dyy to nn ersential ofl. Whito sandal-wood (Santg. tum album) s n native of mountaing fn gy, sonth of India and of tho Indian Archigelag, Tho treo rescmbles myriloin ita folingo, and jy much branched, Tho alem 18 geldom moro thyy ay Inch in dinmoler. Dming tho year 19727 430 toun of this wood, velued at about §110,6 wore #old in tho Provinees of Aysoro snd Cy Tho wood fs not abundant, and_ia extremely ou. peusive. A specios of sandal-wood (S, Frey clnetianm) freaws In_ tho Sandwich Inknd. ‘Ilio Chinogo mako much ueo of 1t for bttning iy thoir temples and houses, first redueing iy t eawdust aud nuging it with pste. A Ly kpeelos of eandal-wood (4, Yasi) is found jg tho 19l Islands, but has beon uearly estip. guislicd by commerce. EMOKE-CLOUDS IN VINEVARDS, 1t in & common practive to protect tho vies sards of Feanco aud Uermany againgt frost by tho production of artificial olouds of vmoka, & now mothod In this operation Lies beon reeam. mended by M. Q. Vinara, This consists in mis. Ing gas-tar with snswdust and old straw, and pil. ing the material in largo Loaps In tho vineyards, Deepito of rain anid moieture, tho mixtura pr. gorves it inflammability for more thau s fa. night. When reanired for use, tho heaps aredf. vided into amaller onca, and distributed In ay about tho vinoyard, I the wind bo high, whics 1t 18 In cases of front, the lieaps burn freely for about threo and o Lalf hon, producing a ey denso smoke. 'Tho ertifieial cloud which thay “envelopes tho vines considoiably decresses thy radialion fiom the grouud, and thereby ceuntar. neta frost, which in prentest towards morirg durimg eaim epring nehits, and doea 1o wuch jne Jury to tho teuder plants, ST, PAUL AND AMSTERDAN 15LANDS, Tho ficst part of tho report of M. Jouchey, tho chief of tho &t. Panl Fronch Transit pany, was commugicated to tha Academy of Sciences, March 15, M. Veliu, tho uaturalist of tho cx. pedition, ks sccured threo living aud a nunler of preserved specimens of animals existiog oo tha irland, twhich are slmost oxcluslvely manne. No landing could bo offecied on Amsterdan Island. LFrom thelr appearance and geologicsl conucetion, it is concluded that Br. Paul and Amsterdam aro nob tie remaing of a shattercdl continent, but have leen elevated from ibo nonnm of tho #ea by fudividual voleanic erup- ons, . ; THE FLORIDA CEDAR, Activo effarta aro being mado to acchmatiza tho ¥lorida codar (Juniperis Virginiana) in Ds. varia, Itawood {3 muporior toall other kinds of cedar, and i In great domand in tho manufes turo of lead-pencils, Aa this judustry is lngely catrled on fn Bavatls, tho manufacturers s striviog to securo & home-supply of the materitl 50 neceganry to their operatione. Koeds basa been eown 1n tho Hoyal foress, and nbout 5,00 youny; plunts have been grown on ono printe estate, , I'he cultivation of the tree is ulso being attompted in otber paris of Uermauy, POt THE SPELLING-SCHOOL. Iisnamo wan Tiphralm Diodgett; nob speaally we nowned, % Txcopt an chiutnpfon apellor, I all the country” round. Grihwgraphical uspdrains Wero apt 1o faro quite slin At auy spelling match whero they cucoun Epbrabin, The Ipifllln"v\!wk holad by loaet, aud eko tho dis tloun And aclence, at his tonzue's end, 1aid its vocabehiay, The dubious monosyllablo o' Huor with porfuct ear, and go tbrough words waquipedal Lo lphizia throush o cheete, You couldn' weavo a epell, with any comtnon alpts o By whicls to captiire Ephraim, or put him i s axet: Aud Lls admirers feequontly rorurkad of Epbe, bt ho Could upell the China-glyphivs off from a chest of 42, Tho peoplo consed (o find, fn spelling-achoals (L2 wonted fin, What Fliow was thiero againnt {418 orthographla gatlind: gun, That mgw'm dosn all Lefaro it witit o rattiing ful ado Ot connvuants aud voweld punctilionsly arrsed? Just at {ho cutmination of Ephiratm's rmown 1o o0k part I @ sgeillu-school I e adiussi awh ¢ Full soon tlio acln rurvivors of {liat criliographiems Wero Lyhralis atd a scliool-irl, Lis solu corpetier, Tl gaualarder, twiat thoto 0, Faged {50 €560 4 ein fight, | Whero vistuey Tight porch et lask wa quito {odede nito, with o Tvo thoy cemo to thine, snd securid nin Tho inellous sileut Solter, cud o dipbthong, Jack T vain tho welrd £4d mystle ppelis upon that gislwesd cant, Tho cabalistte letters dropped from her itsso farl. Vatu likowiso for s long. {imo was tho etur 10 presu " Eplio's # alry tonguo (hat ayllabled ¥ rough words wi Fuch wuccers, Tho awienca was excllod, Stick to ism, Sis 1" =0 ered,” Andd Qo ft, Tplio 1" big pastisang defantly repliod, But Lphrafin was the Lero of o Lundrel speuisg wchuald, And, on tho whole, Lta prestigo made bim Savorlls 12 1he pool, *In fact, thongh thoy were laying for Ipkrain, Leest “Hho \w;m‘ o oy o s e e b bd b3 #liot— Tho word fht choked (ko Welshman whea meist from n trowel Confuzed his tonguo ct Dalxl—a word withosts Yowel, Annshen hus eropt o'er Lis feco when Ephratia bty Ler spelt 1— | 4 Demetierekeggge meo-k-1L" . “HpAI-Lound apon i Tagigiacdge of cnsonsott¥ fusped Epie, P Thoy urlad i with s spetling-bosk and B of relief, - ~lugalo Sunday Courter, flow of OI! n Klafin Church-Membes Contossod 80in Sine zo!.l:aan:j ) Winthrop's Wistory of New Lualand, 4 Ho enmo 1u B1s worst clothios (betug accustd s to tako great prido fu his biavery aud sestutths without & baud, in a foul linen cap putied cies™ to lils oyos 3 aud standing upon & form, M-m with many deep slghs and abundance of tan Iay opou hu wloliod coureo, bis mlu!mry‘.fl"‘v liypocrivy, his peraboution of God's pooply BEE aud expocially his prido (as tho root of sll W r il other 8 o causca God to give bim over to his courues) uud contemmpt of tho mnm.mluo declared what powor Satan had of Lim sieG cauting out of tho church, kow Ll presupd o] laylug hold af maro{ and patdon, beforo glves it, did then fail Lim when tho b o 0ad camno upon bim, 8o o ho could Lavo nor could see any issuo bug uttor denwfl;-. ey Jiad put im divers tines upon reagulions destroyiug Limself bad not the Lord ull i) nweventod him, 1o Tnko well, savo th lubbering iterruptod bim, aod all discoverod a broken aud welting hoatt. wlu good oxhottationa to tako heed of iuchd; il aud boginuings of avil as had oncnalnutw s0UsLF aud In the ond ho earuestly and bumbly o tho church to have compaswion, of hiut, & deliver him out of the hauds of Batan. mskio bis peaco (ho niord souud, he busband (being a cooper) and foll upon et beforo bitn iu tuo prosenca ef some of | aud vthois aud ooufersod the wronk ko b?fl:nl" Lim, and besought hila tu forgive mm'al'hll“‘ did very freoly, aud In testimony thors the Cuptain's wife & tokoi. fl