Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 30, 1875, Page 4

4 —— oo TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATIA OF AURECRITTION (PATABLE 18 ADYANCE), Pentune Prepald at this Ofice. Parte of a yearat the same rate, ‘Wanren—Une active agent in each town and village, Ipectat ars ita made with such, ent free, . iy and mistakes, he sure and give Post. full, Including State and County. ty exprese, Post d letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY AUBSCRIDERS. Daity, delivered, Sunday eacepted, 25 cants per werk. Daily, delivered, Sunday included, BI) cents por wack. Address THE TRIBUNE UOMPANY, Cerner Madiron and Dearborn-ats., Ubicago, Il, TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. OPERA-HOUSE-Clark, streat,, onthe Rhortins Hours, Keli & Leow's Atianreelae Barus len AUADEMY OF MUS: fen and “Montoe. ii ** Mam Cre." sted strest, bat ween Af ment of Joseph Murphy. nt, corner Afon= An RATRE—Dearbe ADELPHI THEATR: year! rite counter Mons me. Variety entertainment." Man." KRIB THRATNE—3tadteon atroet, between and State, Ingagement of Lawrence Larcott. a.” Randotph atrost, between MOOLEY'R, THEATR . ** Magnolii Diark acd LaSalle, INION PARI RAGATIONAL CHURCH Canasta by dhe Besnonece. Colored divi Siugert. “SOCIETY MEETINGS, —Speclat Conclave at thks (Tuesday) avene PY tintCeke Ronnte omurtntnrte iaeitods Ay inte onartncntly atta, He ee ee enti. LOUKES Medorder, R, No 30%, A. F, & A, M.—Recula: Atta OEE Bi A Rak Mc at Tialt), for business and work. ORANG, Secretary. nnene.at. (Free Yhe tratorulty cons ONAL LODGE, No, 895, Av Neation will he held this even sis, corner af Halsied and Handol {inportan? bsiness to coma botore t! aerayyre bereby notined to bo prose “BUSINESS NOTICES. READY TO 8 full eetor at halt the corner cote oe refund the mons. Only 34 t sat gum toot IeaL-lees gal zi ¥ + MeChesh ME MEAN UAT WHAT WE SAY: Whe Chicaga Tribune. Tucalay IJorning, March 30, 1876. ‘The diferences between Secretary Bristow and Treasurer Sprsnxrn, relating chicfiy to the appointment of subordinates in the ‘Treasur- oftice, yesterday culminated in the resig- nation of Gen, Srixsen, who retires from his position on the Ist of July, after fourtcen years of faithful and cfticient service. The Uresident, who had anticipated this course ty reason of Gon, Srrvven's declared inten- nto that effect, sccepled the resignation, and tendered the place to Mr. Jons 0, New, an Indianapolis banker of the highest charac- y and integrity tor for capabil ‘The caso of correspondent Luria, who was indicted upon the charge of libeling cx- Senator Cianpien under the Ponanp Gag- law, and which was aypeated by the Govern- ment on au adverse ruling froma the United States District Court at St, Louis to tho United States Cirenit Court in that city, Indyo Dinwon presiding, wes yesterday finally disposed of in the Inter Court, the Judge sustaining the decision that tho indictment upon which Bucur was heli wns tusustaincd in a most essential point. ‘fhia is hardly a test case, os {he indictment referved to charges defendant with an offenso utterly impossible of commission in the literal sense, Wo print olsowhere a list of the amount of taxes collected in each county of the State under tha “yrab-law,” which must now be rafunded as provided in the act passed for tkat purpose and just signed by tho Gover. nor, Of this tax, Coox County pnid a little loss than $170,090, which will now be paid back pro rata to those who paid their taxes, Of this sum $82,556 was not collected, and $16,007 has been in the hands of the County Collector awaiting some provision for refund- ing it to the tax-payers who were flecced, ‘Chere is considerable natisfaction in rocciving beck taxes onca actully paid in, but it is small as compared with tho satisfaction that we of Cook County aro not contributing to the payzaont of railroad bonds out of which other counties allowed themselves to bo bamboozled. : —— Atalato hourlast night Mr. W, FP. Sronry was liberated from his confnemont in the County Toit in pursuance of the following telegram, in answer to the application for a aupersedeas by Mr, Sroney’s counsel, who had taken a special train for Waukogen o4 soon on Judgo Wrixiams refused the offer of bail : Upon plaintiff in error entering folo recognizance before the Sherif in $2,500, with Gronor CiaNpirs ts curety, he will be diacharzed from custody, W. K, MoALrietex, Judge Supreme Court, The supersedcas was granted upon the srror of Judgo Writ1aus in refusing bail, and was based upon the decision of tho Su- premo Court in tho Goopwrniim caso, to the eect that contempt of court is a bailable offense, This decision had been citod by Afr. Govpy, defendant's counsel, in his applica. tion for a release npon bail, but the Court disclaimed any knowledgo of auch a decision, shongh it had been published in the Legat News. ‘Tho order of Judge MoAtuisren being mandatory, bail was taken by tho Sheriff, and Mr, Gronzy lott the jail after an incarceration of alittle less than ten hows, ‘The whole case will come up on its merits before the full Bench of the Supreme Court st the Sep- tember term, when the question of the power - of a Court to punish for constructive con. tempt will be ably argued and settled beyond dispute go far ay concerns the practice in Minois, The reported rupture betweon Speaker Hames and the Democrats gives promiao that the Legislature may yot dovoto a few days to the passage of bills that are impcratively necessary, and then adjourn, It ia high time that the Opposition determined to back up tholr cart aud unload Tarsrs, Te has weighted thom down so long and so heavily Uist they will neod the coalition with the Republicans to help the:n out of the mire, Tho cause of the quarrel fy said to bon remark by Harts toa member who proposed going home, that he might ss well go, for there would be no move business done any- how, This speech coming to the knowledge of the Democratio leaders, Haris was taken to tank for it, and consured for assuming to Uscide for tke eutire Logislature as to tho conrse to be pursued, The Spenker mado anatters worse ‘by intimating that it was nous Of their bnaineus, and a genuine row was the result, Phero ja tall: of unseating Marrs &s prealding officer, but this is not likely to ba attempted, ‘The wieer and more effectual plan of uniting with the Republicans in ace complishing neoded legislation, and of com- pletely ignoring Haines, will probably provail, ‘The peopla of tho State of Winois will be de- Ughted to know that thare is a prospect of an enrly adjournment without the neglect of im. portant business, The Chicago produce markets were irreg. wlar yesterday, Mess pork was active and advanced Gio per bri, closing at 820,60@20,65 cash, and 220.95 for May. Lard was active, and advanced 25¢ per 100 the, closing dull nt S11.07} cash, and Si4.92} for May. Monts wore active and A@Jo por tb highor, at To for shoulders, 10j0 for short ribs, aud 1140 for short clears, Iighwines wera quiet and firm at S112 per gallon. Flonr was quiet and firm, Wheat was more active ani 10 lower, closing at 93|o cash, and 9730 for May, Corn was in moderate domand, but {@jc lower, closing at G8e for April, and 740 for May. Onts were quiet and jc higher, elosing at a5}e for April. Rye was nominally steady at 08} @99c. Warley was more active and 1@ie higher, closing at %1,03 for March, and 31.02 for April, Hogs wero quiet and firm ; sales at $6,0003,50, Cattle and sheep were quict aud unchan; The regulor semi-annual meetings of tho Town Boards in Cook County occur to-day, andit is of the highest conseqnonce that thers should ben full attendance of Justices of the Penco at the meetings of tho three Chicago Auditing Boards, as their neglect or failure to be presont permite the filling of the vacancies by the Assessor or Collector, or both, in tho event of tho absence of twa, of tha Justices. Nothing but the pres- ence of tho Justices will defeat the plunder of the ‘Town Treasuries by the officers who confidently count upon receiving enor- imous salarios, sothat tho non-nttendance of any Justice of the Peace will practically anount to helping tho salary-grabbers in their robbery of the Town Treasuries, Not one of the Republican Justices of the Peace who is acandidate for reappointment can afford to give his assent to tho reseally scheimes of tho Collectors and Assessors for dividing among themselves the town funds in violation of law ; and, as to stay away from tho semi- annual mectings is in effect a vote in favor of the proposed steals, it behooves ihe Justicos to attend without feil, ‘Tho anonst of money in tho three Chienago Towns dependent upon the action of the Auditing Boards to-day, snd to be by thoir votes either honestty aud economically expended, or cleo recktessly and dishonestly handed ovor to sxhameless set of pot-housa politicians to enable them to pay past and prospective clec- tion expenses, aggregates about 260,000, It is hoped that an injunction will be obtained to-day in time to provent the consumnintion of tho intended steals, but the members of the Auditing Boards havo it in their power to achieve signal credit by tho exercise of their Inwful suthority in the interest of honesty and economy. Their course in the matter will be closely noted. TAXATION UNTO BIARVATION. During the recent debate in the Senate on the Louisiana resolution, My, Wannacs, the Democratic Senator from Pennsylvania, made axpecch urging that the policy of the Gov- ernment shoull be to let the people at the South reconstrict themselves. He represent- ed the South as in an impoverished and pros- trate condition, and that the country gen- erally was nifected thereby, and that it was particularly severe on Peunsylvanin, He thea drew the following picture of tha State which hes been ** protected " for forty years, and for whose snpport and profit the wholo conntry has been extortionately taxed. Hero isthe picture of the ‘protocled infant” drawn by the Democratic apostle of Protes- tion = Bir, go to my own great State (Pennsylvania), tho State that I have the honor to represent on this floor, and there you will Gud our coal, our frou, our ofl, and our lumber lying in piles at the furnsco, at the pit's mouth, or the ull at the tank, or tho Inmber at the mill, Artlaina ure unemployed ; thotr fomilies are starving: they ecels employment; they ask to Lave from the men that have capital Invested, wupport, dally support, daily toll, meana to keep thair children from starving. Tt is dented to them becanse the business interests and the Dusiness men of that portion of the Requblie are pros- trated, Drostrated why? lescauce thelr market ie feat, because they can no longer oll thelr productions dn the courtry in which they havo bzen wont hereto- fore to sell them, Bllmtlated industries on tho one hud in the North and s contracted murket in tho other section have brought this condition of affaire to tho North, The 'pick and the drilt of tha miner tie ile at the mouth of the dryt, the fire of the puddler ts quenched, and the az of the tumberman Hee sill at the font of the tree. The hum of Uusy industry Dy the Lehigh aud Schuylkill is no longer heard, and the spindle, and the Joon, aud the abuttle aro no long. er producing to make taxable valuca and wealth for the people, Artisans are thrown out of amployment; the businera intereals of the people are suffering ; thoro is no longer the market we had in tho past; acd they como to you by ma and they nsrort to you that there is au abldlug conviction thero that this {a largely Quo to tho prostration of the buriness interests and the productions of the South; they come to you with the declaration that thelr interests aro prostrated Lo- cue you have deprived them of thelr market, ‘Tho bunlness interests of every section of the country are interwoven ; alrike one and you strike all; relieve one ‘and you relieve all, ‘This is Pennsytvania at the end of forty years of protection to her “infant industry.” Vor forty years the ingenuity of the American statesman has beon devoted to the invention of new taxes to elovato the laborers of Penn- sylvania ‘above the paupors of Europo,” and here one of tho lights of Protection confesses that on the eve of the grand Centennial “ the pick and drill of the miner lie idle,” tho “firo of the puddler is quenched,” and " tho ax of the lumberman lies still at the foot of tho tree.” “Artisans ara unemployed; thelr familios aro starving.” ‘They ask of the pro- tected employors “menus to keep their chil- dren from eterving,” and their’ prayers for brend aro denied, Mr, Wattacx adects to beliove that this ix in part produced by tho loss of the Southern market for Northern manufacturea, Is he sustained in this inference by the facta? Tha Southern pcoplo, like all other people, can only purchaso of those things they do nos produce with the proceeds of what they have touell, ‘Lhelr surplus products are cot- ton, tobacco, and a little sugar, aud for these articles they have an unfailing market, and in 1874 received a grenter price than they were recolving prior to the War. Before the War thesofoutheru States were prosperous, though thoy received less for cotton, tobacco, and sugar then they havo recolved sinca then ; #0 that the people of the South receive more money now for their surplus productions than before the Civil War disturbed their in- dustry, As a consequence, they lave more mnoney with which to purchase things thanthey ever hed before rebellion and reconstruction, Yurther, the numbor of consumers has beon largely increased, Before the War, the black population, so fay as the consumption of Imanufacturea was concerned, wera but little above the condition of the iules or othcr beasts of burden, Thoy were fod and clothed -from ths products of the farm and plantation on which they lived, They sre now con. wuncrs of manufactures, and somewhat ox- travagant ones, They ure purchugers of all filrica, eapeciolly wearing-ayparel, ‘hoy sil now wear gbocs and stockings, where bofore this was exceptional. Their e:auci- pation was equivalent to adding their number fo the former numbor af consumers fn the THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, MARCH 30, 1875. South, and to that extent enlarged the market for Pennsylvania products, ‘The panic of 1873 did uot affect the demerd for cotton, nor diminish its price to any extent that could impoverish the producers, In point of fact, then, the Southern States onght to bo amiich hetter market for uinnufactures than before the Civil War, Whyisitnot so? ‘Tho reason is jist the same that applies to all other parts of tho country, Prior to the War, in 1860, the South ex- ported $11,000,000 worth of colton, and re- ceived in exchange therefor $191,000,000 worth of such manufactures as thoy needed, less somo 20 per cont tax pnid to the United States Government for rovenne, In 1874, the South exported less cotton and received more money therefor, as will be seen by the comparative fruven : Totut value, $11,823,570 iss cot a 209,109, 156 It will be seen that the South received in 1873-4 about $18,000,000 more for its cotton exported thon it did in 1860, and that the quantity exported was somo 22 per cent less than in 1860, Ordinarily, it would have that much more money with which to purchase manufactured goods in exchange, and the South to that extent would bo a “ better mar- ket” than in 1860. Why is it not? Since 1800, the statesmen of Ponnaylvania havo changed the whole policy of the Government. They have changed tho system of taxation from a revenue one toa sort of partnership arraugement, by which the Government im- poses taxes, of which tha United States re- eclve a small portion, and the residue goes to “ protect” the men who are now appealed to in Pennsylvania by their laborers for bread for their starving familica, The effect of the chango is shown in the results upon the South in their comparative receipts for cotton after paying their tax: ASSO, Proceaits of cotton, Tarif’ tax 20 per cent, ‘Net means to purchase manufactures, Wit, Proceeds of cotton.....000+ ‘Taruit tax 69 per cent, Had the tax been the same in 1874 og in 1860, the figures would have been Proceerts of cotton... ‘Terk tax 20 per ven! et proceeds, so-sss Actual net means ieff in 1974, Direct rovhery for protection. r It willbe seen that while the Soath, in 1874, received 4 cents per pound moro for the cotton exported than in 1860, and for much less cotton received $18,000,000 more ensh than in 1860, the net proceeds, aftor satisfying the demands of tho protected gontle- men, Was $20,000,000 less than in 1860, The entire advanco in tho prico of cotton was tnken away from the Southern people, and their 14] cents per pound in 1874 did not buy as much manufactured goods as did the 10} cents por pound in 1800. Apply this same rulo to the tobacco and sugar crops of tho South, and the main reason why that section is so prostrate aud nnnble to riso is, that Mr. Wannace and his associates havo these people by the throats, and rob them and plunder thom of their hard-carned.neans, At the close of tho War, Cougress laid an ex- Port tax on cotton of 3 cents per pound, when cotton was enormously high, under which, while the tax continued, the Government collected some $60,000,000, The South is appealing for o roturn of that tax. But under tho tariff, which the Inte Congress was brazen enough to increase, the Southorn people nro taxed now annually to the extent of one-third of all the cotton, tobacco, sugar, and other products they have to soll, and the aggregato of this tax far execeds the oxport duty on cotton in 1866, Theso Sonthorn peo- ple, despite the largo advance in the prico of all they have to sell, are so plundered and robbed hy the Pennsylvania protective-tax system that they can buy less in 1875 with alarger sum of money than in 1860, and, after ton years of this kind of tax, they aro of necessity getting poorer overy day. Tho effect upon Pennsylvania is hardly loss destructive. Under the stimulus of ill- gotten and mnearned profits, thero have been overproduction, extravagance, destruction of markets, poverty, idlonoss, starvation, want, and beggary even for bread. Let Mr, Waz- Lao And his associntes ropeal thelr liconsed robbery, and there will bo no beggary or starvation, or increase of poverty, North or South. THE TIMES CONTEMPT CASE, We print this morning a report of tho pro- coedings in the Criminal Court yesterday, and the action of Judge Wittiass in the caso of constructive contempt by Mr, Srorry, of the Tinea, The caso is peculiar in many re- spects, ‘Tho newspaper press owe a duty to the gencral public which they cannot neglect, and to thie duty it is csaential that the right to freely and fully criticise the conduct of all public officers, and to condemn what is rep. rehensible, should be maintained and pro. served, This right, however, has its Umits, beyond which the nawspaper canuot go without violating justice and the rights of the public. Thoro are occasions when it is extremely difficult to fix the lino of propriety and right limiting newspaper com- ment and criticism, In such cnsos, that ques- tion must be determined, not by fixed rule, but by ell the circumstances surrounding it, Tho Chicago Times has seemingly beon at. tompting to provoke public attention and en- large its circulation by indiscriminate attacks upon individuals, Whon these individuals have appealed to the law, it has as abjoctly retracted as it had previously boldly accused ; and then, when the prosecutions were with. drawn, renewed its accusations! All this is winattor of taste, and perhaps concerned no one save those directly involved. It then sought, by scusational articles, to di- rect public attention to ifself by di. rect and indiract scandalous iinputations upon various peraons holding office of publia trust, It began criticism upon the Judge of the United States District Court, thon upon the acting Judge of the Crim{nal Court, noxt upon tho State's-Attorncy andthe Grand Jury,—the latter body colloctively aud individually,—until it finally attracted the attention of both Court and Grand Jury, and the result is what took place yesterday, ‘Tho Amorican people of allrundes of party aro rosolutely opposed to any invasion of tho freedom of thy press, or any jafraotion of the rights of those who conduet that pross, Tho law provides modus of proceeding by which abuses of tho freedom of the press may be pubished. At the same time, the people have no sympathy in any malicious Heontiousnesy in the nowspaporg, and will promptly applaud any logal aud propor punishmant for suclf ofenncs, ‘This is, however, a Government of low. The Court, with its single Judge, is reaog. nizod ond obeyed xs the conservator of pub- Ho and private rights, It rests for its au. thority upon the respect and confidence of the public, The courts are, ina great mons. ure, the chicf protection to h the press must look when threatencd by personal re. venge or popular porseention, or by govern- mental usurpation. There isa mutual obli- gation between tho courts aud the press; cach is popular tribunal, dopendent on the ro- spect and confidence of the people. In this ense, tho Court, not hastily, but after full doliberation, has dooided that the editor of the Timez, in hia comments on the Grand Jury, had so far overstepped tho limit of Proper criticism aa to interfore with the logit- imate administration of tho law by its ofilcers, and was guilty of contempt. Punishments for contempt of court havo had the sanction of law in all times, but they havo nover been regarded with great favor by the people, Like all arbitrary aud summary proceedings, they are looked upon as gener. ally unfair, unjust, aud oppressive, and espes cially in cases whoro tho contempt ia not offered in the presence of the Court, or to its precepts orwrils, The United States Govern- ment hes abolished constructive contempts in the Federal Courts. If the imprisonment of the editor of the Times was for a constructive contempt on Judge Winttaxs, wo should feel like denounc. ing it as piece of tyranny not to be conn- tonauced or tolerated in a country of freedom regulated by Inw. But the punishinent in- flicted in this case is in behalf of tho Grand Jurors, who wore assailed by the editor of tho Times, and came bofora the Judge and de- manded the protection of the Court to shielt them from the torrent of invective ond def- amation poured npon them whilo in tho dis- chargo of their sworn dulies. Tho Court regarded those assaults ng in- tended to intimidate the Grand Jurors and pre- vent them from proporly and impattially performing their dutics, In a case of this Kind, the dudgo must determine what ho should do undor all the circumstances to pro- tect the jury, nnd the publio will also deter. mine whether ho hes dono right in imprison- ing their assailant. ‘That our sympnthios are naturally with the press in this case it would bo useless to deny, and consequently wo con scarcely claim to bo an impartial spectator of the pro- ceedings, and must therefore bo excused for not joining in any jubilation over tho incar- ceration of our neighbor, grave as his ‘con- tompt” may be, And Judge Wittrams nist pardon us for saying, that if tho editor of tho Times was sacking for the notoriety of mar- tyrdom, as many allege, the sontence of the Court has, to some extent, furnished him tho advertisement which he wanted, ‘fhero will be many at first to npplnud the action of the Court who afterwards will experience grave doubts whether a mistalko has not been com- mitted, which will Iced them to favor a com- plote abolition of constructive coutempta, THE INCORPORATION ACT, Tho Senate amondinents to the new Incor- poration act have improved it in some ro. spocts, and nono of them affects the funda montal principle on which tho Dill was con- structed. ‘Three of the smendments conform to tha suggertions of Comptroller Iarxezs, and would have boon introduced in the Houso if the bill had not already passed to the third roading in that boty bofore they wero mado, Tho limitation of tho general tax-lovy to 16 mills on tho assessed yalne of city prop- orty is o safeguard for which the people of Ohicago will be thankful, if tho city is over reorganized under this act. As the necessi- tics for taxntion increnyo, the taxable value of tho property in tho cily will inorenso; aud 15 mills is ea Inrga a proportion fs any city aan pay for general expenses (ox. clusivo of epecial improvemontn, such aa pay- ing streots, otc.) without seriously injuring its progress, Whonover tha Common Coun- cil of Chicago has exceeded this proportion, 28 it did at the Jast approprintion, the action hhas received unqualified condemnation on all sides, : ‘ ‘The duties and functions now exorcised by the Finance Commiltee of the Common Council are conferred by ono of the amend- ments upon the Finance Committee of tho Board of Aldermen under the new organiza- tion, These duties include the supervision of the Comptroller's accounts ; the decision with the Mayor in doubtful claims ; tho ex- amination and approval of the Comptroller's aunual sintoment; inspecting with the Comptroller the books of the ‘reasurer, and the oxaminotion of the ‘frensurer’s annual reports ; tho suporvision of the City Collect or’s accounts; tho decision in contro. versies arising botwoen the Treasurer and tho Comptroller in the adjustment of accounts; an annual comparison of the reports of ‘Treasurer, Comptroller, and Collector; tho supervision of loans for floating indebted. nossa, to pay interest on the funded debt, and to mect payments authorized by the Com. mon Council; authorizing tho transfer of monoy from one fund to enothor in emer- genciea; the examination of acconnts kept by the Commissioner of Publia Works; tho supervision of the employment of help by the Tax Commissioner, and authority in the rubate of taxes on proporty destroyed, Tho verbal amondmont in the section an- thorizing the appointment of the city offtciala not elected by the people is intended to divide tho appointing power with the Board of Counollors, but does not change tho form of nomination and confirmation, Tho next amondment requires that the bonds of the Comtuissioners of Public Works shall bo ap- proved by the Common Council 2s well as tho Mayor, thus supplying on inadvertent omis- sion, Tha amendment relative to the Comp- troller makes it incumbont on that official te exercise all thedutics prescribed by the presont chartor in addition to the dutios prescribed by the new nt, The amondmont to submit ecparntely to tho people the question whether the members of the Common Council shall or shall not ba elected by the cumulative or minority ropre- sentative plan of yoting, is not soriously ob. Jectionable. ‘The advocates of this reform have never yet found it necessary to force it upon the people, Whon it was applied to the election of the Hlinols Legislature by the Constitutional Convention of 1870, provision was mete for submitting it separately to the people, and it was adopted along with the Constitution., So, if submitted soparately in Chicego with roference to the Common Council, it may be adopted if the new char. ter is adoptod, Most of the people who will yote for the lator will want to vole for the former, At first blush, it would rcom as though the striking out of the provision that every member of the Common Council shell be freeholder is an injury to the charter, I¢ would have been better, perhaps, if it had been retainod ; but it wowd always have been an easy rater to avoid tho Purpose it was intended to serve. Any man desiring to run for Alderinan could become a frecholder with $10 in money, THe could buy alot worth $150 and give a mortgoge back for $140, making the investinent just $10; so that the climination of this provision is not important, The erasure of thet portion of the bill providing that, in the election at which the new act ia submitted, the ballots shall 20f be numbered,—that ia that registra: tion may he practically disponsed with,—is a positive advantage, ‘There should never ba an election in Chicago of any kind without the cheek of numbering ballota and. registra tion upon illegal voting, and tho question of the adoption or rojection nf tho now charter is too important lo be subjected to the risk of illegal voting. ‘There will probably bo no serious objection anywhere to the limitation of the salary of every city official to an amount not exceeding 35,000, thongh it wonld have beon better on some recounts to have loft this at the dis- crotion of tha Common Council, which, un- dor tho new syatem, will bo subject to the popular will, But the goneral dissatisfaction with tho recent incronse of city oMeinly’ salaries is indicative of the general approval which this amendment will receive from the people, Thero will bo a wide difference of opinion concerning the amendmont which makes tha Mayor inoligible for re-election, Experienco ns suggested (he necessity of centralizing Exeentive power for good municipal govornmont, aud there nre nono of the politieal dangers nbout a long tenure of office in a City Gov. ernment that may be urged against this con- dition in the General Government or even State Governmonts, Per contra, acity like Chivago ought to have enough good and capn- Lio men to furnish » new Mayor every two years, and inoligibility for re-clection may exert an influence to restrain him from a uso of his powers for personal proferment, In London, a Mayor sorves only ono ycar, and then steps down and out, ‘Theso are all the amondmonts that have been mado ; and it will thus be seen that, while somo of them nre improyementa, not one is scrionsly detrimontal. The main pur- poses of the act, heretofore explained, havo been rotnined intact, and the bill, once passed the Senate, enn scarcely fail in the House bo- enuse of the amendmonts made in the formor body, HOW AMERICAN BOYS ARE WRONGED. ‘The wrongs of women and nogrocs have monopolized public attontion for many years. Serious ns somo of them are, or have been, the wrongs of boys ara as bad, if not worse. Fornseries of yenra, tho boys of America havo been shut out, more and more com- pletoly with ench year’s advance, from the chnnee of learning a trade, The trade-unions, with almost incredible blindness, have adopt- ed rules which prevent theemploymont of any except a very limited number of apprentices. ‘These rules forbid a master to employ an ap- prentice unless he employs a certain number of journeymen, In somo trades, the propor- tion isone boy to twenty men. Tho few places lofé vacant by approntices becoming jourreymen aro soon filled, Tens of thou- sands of boys are thus deprived of the oppor- tunity to bocome reputable and self-support- ing artisans, When thoy leavo school ond try to do something for thomsolves they find the doors shut in their fnces. Instead of ho- coming blacksmiths, silversmiths, errpen- tors, compositors, cabinot-makers, conch- makors, hatters, machinists, bakors, tanners, tinners, tailors, masons, shoemakera, stono- cuttors, plasterers, bricklayors, wenvera, they havo. to become bootblacks, newsboys, or- ranil-boya, beggars, lonfers, denid-benta, pau- pers, thieves, ete. No ono of tho occupations open to them offers any educa- tion, except in a sort of cunning which in often acurse, If the members of the so- calcd liberal professions, tho journalists, lawyers, teachers, doctors, and ministers, should successfully combine to prevent the education of boys and young men in any of thoir specialties, thera would be a univorsal howl of complaint, A far greater wrong is committed, however, when trade-education is provonted. Many moro boys are affected, for ono thing, and most of them must go to work at once aud Inbor constantly in order to live, If they donot do this and do not steal, thoy mnst starve. ‘Tho trades-unions are perhaps beyond the reach of ronson in this reapect., If not, their members may be made to sco thoir folly. This restrictive action keeps their own fons as well ns those of their relations from learning useful trades, It drives agroat uamboer of thom into enforced idleness, knay- ery, and sin, Itthns keeps full tho classes of Toguos who prey upon society and live at tho expense of honest mon. ‘This necessitntes costly roformatory, penal, and charitable in- stitutions, Tha rate of taxation is thus ma- terinlly incrensed, and most taxes, from whom. roovercollected, ultimately fallupon tho poor, Forcing masters to employ men todo the work of apprentices raises tho cost of the commodities produced and so diminishes the purchasing power of the wages of all buyors of those commodities and of all buyors of goods produced, transported, or distributed by monns of those commoditios, This policy, again, discriminates, a da Chiengo politics, against Americans in favor of forcigners. Tho fact that our workshops aro full of foroign-born artisaus, ond that the native- American mechonio is comparatively rare in them, has often been commented upon, It is largely due to tho studied exclusion of ap- prenticos, ‘The domand for skillod labor is met by tho importation of persons trained in foreign workshops instead of by a supply of Amorican boys trained at home, Itis monoy in tho pocket of a person who wishes to follow atrade in the United States to be born out of tho country, If Bensasm Faanxtm, Rooen Sarewan, Mruanp Fo worz, Anpnew Jonxson, Horace Greener, and Henny Wrison, wore just entering man- hood now, they might scck in vain the ap- prenticeshipsin the printing, shoemaking, nud tailoring trades, which gave thom their first startin life, Such ovils result from tho selfish, short-sighted policy of the trado-unionists, The solo advantage claimed for that policy is that it produces a scarcity of mechanics und thereby an increnge of wages. But if an employcr could hire boya to do part of the work now performed by men, ho could afford to pay higher wages to the rest of his mon, and still sell his gooda more cheeply, ‘Their increased cheapness would produce a greater demand, and this would involve the employ- ment of more men who might bo temporarily out of work. It is doubtful, moreover, whether any men would lose employment, even for a day, by the revival of tho old ap- prentica system. For only a fow apprentices could be employed, in the nature of things, in cach shop, ond the employer would probably increase his pro- duction, by simply adding boy-labor to man- Inbor, instead of reducing his supply of tho latter, and so manufacturing only as much ag ho did before. Inthe long ran, whatevor cheapons production increases demand, and benefits the workingmau as well as tho rest of the community, When trades-unions learn that undeniable fact, they will cease to strive to make production costly. But, if they refuse to learn it, a stronger powor must intorfore. Tho State now trios to reform vicious boys by teaching them trades, and so giving thom a chance for hon. est living. Some time, it will not compel boys {0 earn ao technical eduention by first becoming criminals, It will make such oducation part of tho common-school course, 48 Gormany now docs in some do- gree, Tho Ohicago High School is an insti. tution of very grent value, but n technical school maintained by the city would bo of ton times as much practical worth. If wo deny, or allow others to deny, tho boys of Aniorica tho opportunity to earn an honest livelihood by beeoming skilled workmen, aro they wholly to blamo for getting a dishonust one? BANKRUPT NATIONS. If there is any such thing ns n “debtor class," about which wo havo heard so much of Into years, it must consist mainly of bauk- rupt Governments and bankrupt ratlronds, A member of the British Parlinmont declared a short tima since that the nmount due by bankrupt Governments is not less than $1,200,000,000. It is nlso calculated thot there are 3500,000,000 of railroad bonds in this country which have suspended the pny- ment of interest cithor for the time boing or altogether, The bankrupt railroads of other countries, including tho South American States, probably owe $300,000,000 more, So in round numbers, 23 the Nation ontimatos, the bankrupt Governments ond railroads together owe ns much as the entira amount of our national dobt. The greater part of this enormous debt which will not bo paid is hold in Muglend and Holland; more of itin tho former than in tho latter country. ‘The practica of repndin- tion hag become so general of Inte that tho capitalists of England have organized a ‘Cor. poration of Foreign Bondholders,” with nn Exeeutive Council and Sub-Committees in- trusted with investigations, So far aa the bankrupt railroads and repudinted State debts of tho past aro concerned, the most that this Conneil can accomplish is exposure; but their services in tho future mny bo of groat yatuo and save British capitalists millionn of pounds, Among the doubtinl Government credits, 2 lato report puts Spain in a somewhat moro hopeful condition, end Portugal as acting fairly. Dut Italy is an matter of “ constant solicitude” to the Council becouse it hrs taxed foreign holders of its rentce, and they do not hesitate to call the finenciers of Greoco “unmitigated knavos.” Of Turkeyand Tunis thoy speak hopefully. Liberia sceme to bo hopelessly in dofault. Most of tho South Amorican States aro ina bad way, San Do- mingo is uttorly conscienceless, Moxico was brought up standing by a notification that no moro losns of hors would bo admitted to European markets. Guatemala is exception- ally honost ; Honduras hopeless ; Nicarngua wants to compromise ; Costa Rica is coquet- ting; the United States of Coloinbia are trying to pay thoir dobts; Ecundor is in disgraco ; Bolivin under a cloud ; Paraguoy and Port improving « little; and Uruguay atruggling nobly. While ~the cradit of thao United States is spoken of in tho highest terms, the Southorn States are strongly sus- pected. It saya that the Legislatures have manifosted but little disposition to sattle with their publio creditors, and do little boyond appointing Commissioners to nogotiato, ap- parently with the view to indefinite postpono- nent, and at the same time “much dinap- Ppointment is’ expressed bocause tho aggrioved creditors refuse to co-operate in schomos for selling Innis, opening mines and smolting- works, nnd forming rnilronds"; but the Coun- cil says that their exporionce in tho cases of Moxico and Venoznela has shown that ‘ the extension of public works doos not produce any corresponding desire to discharge the public debt.” The danger is that the credit of these States will grow worse beforo it be- comes better, The Nation gives some good advico rolative to the American bonds which have been placed on foreign markets end Lave proved to be worthless, It says: But we aught to ray to the London bondholders that no great Improvement in the pocunlsry ni or poor Blates can be lookod' for so long the great money markets are as crodulous and as eager for high ratea of iutereat as somo of the loans contract ed every year in London show Englishncn tobe, A vory large number certainly of the loana raisod there by Americans could not bo raivod in this country, wore eapltal nover ve plentiful, and somo of the accompany- ing Inducemente offered ary such as to wuggest, one would think, to every rational man, that if the under. taking wore sound it would never Lave been allow- ed to loave Now York or Doaton, If the atories of the projectors were trustworthy, and the fortunes they, offered were reasonably cortain, people here would soll evorything olse in order to supply thom with funds, A great deal of our pri- vate morality in business $s maintained by the didicul- ty of getting mousy. If the bauke were to lond taviehly to all comers, tha result, as long as the faude Isated, would be demoralizing ta the last dogroo ; and as long as Governments can itot money in London end Amaterdam for tho asking, #0 long will bonduolders have to fill the esrth with thelr annual wall, The political charactor of a community, on which ita credit has to rest, must, in these democratic times, be looked for jn the ability of the Government to motntain order, in the recognition in legielation ‘of the value of com- morcial houor, and, though lsat, not least, in the dis- position of tho nagses to commit the administration of thelr affairs to loating men, The Council of the ‘Corporation of Foroign Bondholders” may, if thoir affairs are properly munnged, do a good deal towards suppressing repudiation, deceptions, and frouds, THE NEW YORK CANAL FLAUDS, ‘The exposure by Gov, ‘inven of the oper. ations of the grent Canal Ring in Now York has of necessity produced an explosion, We havo already given samples of the way under which contractors were oble to got from 100 to 800 por cent more pay than they ought to have got under their contracts. ‘The Nation now explains how it was that theso valuable contracts were obtained without any com. plaint by compotitors, It oxplaing thnt to gotacontract it is not only necessary that the bid be low, but that it shall comply with the regulations as to erasures, interlincations, ete, A contractor who could got hold of all the bids for a work, by dofacing themso as to render them illegal, would then obtain the contract because his own would be the only legal bid offerod, In 1866, the contractors met at Albany, hired 9 room, and, having a statement beforo them of all the worl that was to be done, put up the con- tracts to the highest bidder and sold them at auction, the highest bidder purchasing the exclusive right to the possession of all the bids, 6o that he might mutilate all of them in competition with his own, and then hand thom in to the Contracting Board, The money obtained from the auction was then divided among the contractors, How did the bids got into the possession of the con. tractor? Thijs wasdone by going in a body to the office whore thoy were filed and with- drawing thom on the pretonse of boing put in again ata later day, The avidonce of this procecding ia now a matter of record, ‘The House of Representatives of the Legis- Jatnre has ordered a conunittes of invostiga- tion to be appointed by the Spoakor, which Committes is mot expected to do more than whitowash the wholotransnction, ThoSponk, of the Mouse, during tho debate, dechare that he would regard an ordor for an Appoing ment of the Committco by any other Perso; thon himself os ‘a porsonal insult,” Tn i manntimo another resolution wag Daased ie thorizing the Governor to appoint 5 Commis sion to sit for an indefinite timo, The ls falature does not warm to the iden of invoatp gation, and wore it not for tho Republican, the Governor would find no Countonanes §, cithor House, Tho Legislature seomg to i struggling to provide for an fuveatigatiog which is never tocomo off, ‘The Governor, however, means businoss, and, with or with, out the co-operation of the Logisiaturg he proposes to so alien, and for this Purpose hy will invito Honatto Srratovr and Sasuzy, B Rugates to places in the Commission, I 4, the old struggto between honcaty and frand, aud tho Governor proposes to follow it just a3 ho did the Twren ond Cosyotzy frauds, The Nopublican Convention in Rhode Thlanj lant week was about oronly divided on the Tiqaoe question. Tho prohibitionists urged Vient. Gov. Van Zaxpt ay tho candidate for Governg, and the Ilcenso mon supported Hexny Gd, iy, PITr, & prominent and wealthy Mantfactnegy, Tho dologatos to tho Convention had beg, choson with roforonco to this distinct issuo, and, a8 onch party bad soourod almoy, ®& majority, the contest was worm and oarnest. ‘The Conyontion met Frigg, and hold an all-night soasion, adjourning in thy early morning, Lreritr was nominated by majority. Tho victory thua romstna with thy liconse party. It is caid that, the-nomination a Lavrrrt will causo an irromodiablo divistoa¢y the party; but we do not apprebond any exe} result, Forovery Topublican voto that with; lost, two Domocratic votos will be gnined, pj. affected Nopublicana cannot consistently go ors, to tho Derocracy. Their only choice is to forms separate party or romain whore they are, In ay ovont, they can have no hopss of earrslog pa. hibition, and no reasonable excuse for throwisg a victory into the hands of tho Democracy, a Tho Timea makes a statement that State's 4, torney Rexp, at somo timo not specified, weal not pernilt korne ovo who wau grossly libeled by ‘Cus Tumoxe to Jay his complaint bofory thy Grand Jury, Tho charge fa thia: The party ro proasty beled appeared with his neeren enil bis counsel, at the vers door of the Jury room, yet in bia “intense devotion to the p: business ? thix unworthy public servaut assay | say what compledute should and what should ne: id befere tho inquisition, No examiuation ect tig obtsinad, For the verity of these Alatemonts, (he o nezaos to ko called aro ex-Ald, Rowenta, IL, G.Mrace ond soveral other gooil and crodible citizaus, Mr. Rexp authorizoa us to pronounee ty obarge unqualifiedly false. No man ever nix; to go before tho Grand Jury to prefor « cc: viaint agalost Tux ‘fninuxe whom Mr. Rr: prevented, opposed, or dissuaded from toc) ing. ————— PERSONAL, Tho Hon. NR. J, Oanvsny arrived yeatordiyy the Grand Pacific. Joserit Munviy, the wol!-known actor, lasts) ping at tho Sherman Touso. Madamo Caracazy's givon name 8 Ota, af that is what many ill-bred poopie stilt do. Ic ingaid that Faro Gnanz contemplecs figning hin porition in the army, and will crs the banking business, Aspmew Jountoy, Jr. son of the Grivret. torminating Senator, ia editor of the Greens Tonn,, Intelligencer, “Lady Bouverr Dourrs" is tho may 4 Low don Times proof-raador got evon with: tire ca brated philanthropist. Nasny’s sbara of tho Toledo Blaide cont 2155 tod. P. Jones, theman who bought it, P. XN. drove a abarp bargain. ’ Sonencx lias avon corrupted our beautifal Ugion, The 8t. Louls Glove heads isa Late article “The Queon of Fostivnls.” Ex-Sonator Nv's daughtor prosonted a handeome gold sleave-buttoma to tho Irak who attended her father iu Richmond. Mr. Wau J, Davis, a young gentleman wil * known In sooloty circtes in thisclty, hai “ad the position of Troasurer of the Adolphi Thetis. Cunisttvz Nrisson, of Now Yorl, hey Len sontenced to 10 yoara’ imprisonmert, Cox pared with this, Mr. Stonry’a panishwoot mild. It wonld bo rsfreehing to hear Ezrurt, te . 4 varloty performer, boast of ostabliahing « of comedy, but for the unusual coolaosa of te geanon, ‘Tho great difioulty Jaames Panton mec's wid in his article on caricatures in HMarp.r's 13 12 find spocimens sufficiently rafued fur a moda | magazine. Coneumptive patients do not find the Floris . flea tho only lively jumpor, The therioo an hour or two, Jaurs M, Drowxen, for several years 1st! Goneral Agent at the West of the Equitale Lifa Insurance Company of New York, died st 8c. Louis yostorday. Daniez O'Ner, of this city, an old and te spected citizon, dicd on Sunday at th residence of his noo-in-law, J. D, Tunny, corner of Colu bin street and Ashland avenue, ‘Miss VALENTINE Dx Petanon, formarly of tht clty, will sing the role of Nancy in ‘ ifartha"s tue amatour operatic performance to be given {2 Cincinnati s week from Thursday, Judge D, F, Mrrcurtt, a native of Florid, tt cau beat it by Jumping 40 degrees elther najiz recently connected with the Custom-loure st! ~ ident of Brownavillo, Tox., and many years a Now Orleaus, died at Brownsville on ‘The rapid popularization of pokor has aint! Omaxnenun, the Washington gambler, xo bt that he has closod hia house mith the rowath “Thero's boen too d—d many investigation. Wo find the prisonor not guilty, but ‘Ais ing business must be atopped !" wea a verdict ‘recently rondored by @ Obarlton (N, ¥.) jury in cage of domostio trouble, How wou'd thisde for a Brooklyn verdict? Tho Hon. Govrovz §, Oarn, recantly 17 polnted Mintater to Anutris, haw been tendered banquot by the leading eltizens of Tafayel!s Ind,, and haw named Tuesday evenin,y tho std Prox., ag the convantent time to accapt tho prof fered honor, Axwiz Mirten, oped 15, of Now York Bisley Dp owned o larga inhoritance, In apita of ber mother's remonstrances she married an Intl man named Burns, who could nob read ut write bis own pame, Awnre ia a dazzling beauty aawollaxanheiress, And they call hor butl! igoorant ! 2 Aman named Weercorr, who lives at a Havon, Vt. gave a xorios of epiritual oauces of his farm, with the ald of a pupil of tle Eo fomily, Some Groen Mountain boys wont toi seauce, and batted a spirit over tho lesd ; clevorly that ho owaed up, and now propo:es take to locturing, 7 Cardinal Cotten ia in his 70th year, and re cently celebrated the twaoty-ffth siniversar) bia elevation to the Episcopate, Tie received elomentary education at n Quaker’a schovl, ba completed itin the College of the Proprgat under Cardinal Oareizany, afterward Pope eee ory XVI, ln Juno, 1866, he was created uae nal by Popo Pius IX., and has the honor of 4 ing the first Irishman on whom the dignity ©! conferrod, ‘ Ottye Loaan'a household possessions aia wold at auction a dayortwosgo. Tho it a was @ vyory ordinary collection, and tho eae ties wore stil leas valuable, A aot of watt i ered furalture brought the highest prico—S- iu & carved ont etsgore, once owned by ae Huao, cold for G13, and the booke went ent average of 273¢ cents exch. And fiero Lies ‘were accomplished undeg the guidance of Fares: who bappeued ta be tbs guotlouors rt i r : P