Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 2, 1875, Page 4

TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE, NATTH OF KURSCRIPTION (PATANLR IX ADVANCE), Prepald nt this Ofice, . S13.00 | Weskly, 1 5 Glow | Five enple opiea aant fras, t delay and mistakes, be sure and give Post. Otiee address in full, including State and County. Tamittances may bomade elthorby draft, express, Potte ORcuerder, ot i rogiatared TERMA 7O CIT Dally, delivered, Sundsy sxcepled, 25 Datly, delivered, Bunday tucladed, 30 Addross TIHE TRIRUNE CONPANY, Coruer Madisen and Dearbornats., Chicago, Il T OLEY'S THRATR ST LSl AT ADELPHI THEATRE-Dearborn strest, oerner Mon- ros. Varloty entertalunient. andolph nirest, between M'VIOKER'R THRATRE-Madlton strest, betwesn Dearbern and Htate, _Lngagemont of Geargs Lawcett we, ** Little Em'ly." OF MOBIC—ifalsted streaf betwasn Mad- uo‘é: AT O segoiont ot FYibk Chdalraa. 1o D OPRRA-HOUSF—Clark et Houas, Kolly & Laows 1 ol the Kitohen," CHIOAGO MUSFEU! bornand Btate, **J ity et Beiles fonroa strest, betwsen Dear own." [ SOCIETY MEETINGS. 'ENTION, BIR KNIGHTS.. ‘:;11'15 Com!?v']:ud No. 1, K. . ing g 30 wenak, b wsuirtoonaly farited. ~—Stated Conclas 1hie (Tassday) Vistiog Sir Kul Sittar it tho oaint rates. MCCH ESN The Chicags Tribune, Tuesdsy Morning, March 3, 1878. L SET BEST GUM g, ‘The Common Couneil has ncceded to the petition of the Communists, having last night appointed a Committeo to examine the books of the Reliof and Aid Society. The friends of tho Forca bill have to thank the rulings of Vico-President Wirsox fora gain of one dayin the Senate beyond what precodont nnd usage were cxpocted to car. Ty it. i The Stonding Committees of Towa and Alabama have given their conseat to the con- gocration of Dr. Dz Kovex as Bishop of Ili- nois. Tho Towa voto was an wunexpected gain, as that diocese is & Low-Church strong- hold. The bill recently passed by the Indiana Legislature for the incorporation of camp- mecting sssociations has been vatoed by the Governor, who regards the creation of relig- jous incorporations ns not in harmony with ths spirit of the Government. “¥ith the close of February and the advent of the senson which the almannc designated es spring, comos the Loaviest snow-storm of the winter. Railway and strect travel in and sbont Chicago are seriously obstructed, and the telegraphic reports from various points shotw the storm to have visited an unusually wide extent of country. Thero is somothing to be thankful for, The great storm bas not disabled the telegraph- wires to the extent of depriving us of the mnews that 'Traor has finished, and thet tho first of the eighty wit- nesges for the defense--probably Mr. Beecnen himself—will be placed upon the stand in Brooklyn to-day. 'The last install- ment of the 600 pagos of written argument contained a reiteration of the charges of blackmail, together with the proposition that Mrs., Xourton has committed perjury at the instigation of her husband. For the third consecutivo month, Judge ‘Winriaws, presiding over the Criminal Court, urges upon the Grand Jury the importance of devoting especial attention to the crime of gambling in Chicago. Tho Grand Jury im- paneled yesterdny should be peculiarly com- potent to deal rizorously with this question, s fully one-third of its members are to some oxtont personally posted as to the loeation nnd proprietorship of nearly every gambling- house in the city, and, moreover, they are acquainted with plenty of poople who would make excellont witnesses for the prosecution if summoned bofore the Grand Jury and re. quired to toll all they know. The public will expect some practical work from a Grand Jury so constituted, ‘Wo think the experienco of this State since 1871 hos been such that the abolition of the Btate Board of Equalization, and the transfer of its duties and powers to the Stato officers, will meet with universal approval. Any per- son who will corwpare the results of the action of this Board during the last three years will be startled by the wonderful ex- hibit they make of the actual shrinkage, not only of values of proporty, but of the acreago In certain counties of tho Stato, Some coun- tics, mccording to the action of this Bonrd, are in o fair way to become uncultivated wilds, having no property of nny kind to be nsgessed or taxed, 'Tho Board has degenor- ated into a mere shop, in which cortain coun. tics in which the members reside sell their votes to transfer toxes to other districts in consideration of being cxompted from taxa- tion themselves. Tho remedy, and the only efficlont one, is to abolish the Board and transfer ita dutles to the State officors. A nrge expense will be saved, and what ia fast bocoming s publio nuisance will bo abated. In casting about for a Gubernatorial can- didato, the leading Republican politicians of Ohfo seem to be settling down on old Bex Wapz. They think he would give old Fog. born BiLu Avvex a little tho dustiest race he ever hod in his life,” Thoy aro both old * codgers,” ALLex being 72 or 73, and Wape having turned 68 ; but both are as lively as o pair of kittens, and sound in wind (especially Avrrzx), and limb (especinlly Wanr). DBoth of them stumped Obio in 1840, Wanx for HarnigoN and Avzey for Vax Bosey. Old Drx is powerful on the *rugged issues," and thers i3 ‘‘no nonscnse™ about him, It is doubtfol if the Buckeye Republicans can “ tumble " on a better candidate for Gov. ernor. He has o strong hold on the con. Adence and affection of old men who are or have been Republicans, Fres-Soilers, orUnion- ista in Ohlo, His own County of Ashtshula ‘would start hir with st least 4,000 mojority, and * Cheesedom,” na tho Western Reserve counties are called, is good for 25,000 ma- Jority for old Bex sgainst the Dourborn Fog. horn, If nominated, he is protty certain of an election, ‘The Chicago producy marketa were gener- ally stronger yesterdsy, with more doing. Wess pork was ictive, sud advauced 15@ 17 120 per L, cloging at $18.37 1.2 cushy, THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TU and $18.57 1-83@18.60 for April. Lard was active and adranced 10@12 1-2¢ per 100 1bs, closing at £18.82 1.2 cash, and $13.65 for April. Ments wero in good demand and firmer at 6 3-{o fdr shoulders, 9 3-4c for short ribs, and 10¢ for short clears. Dressod hogs were in demand and firmer, closing at $7.70 @86.12 1.2 per 100 lbs, Highwines were no- tivo and unchanged, closing at $1.05 per gal. lon. Flour was quiet and strong, Whent was active and 8-4c higher, closing at 86 1-2¢ eash, and 88c seller April. Corn was netive and 1-le higher, closing at G4 120 cash, and 71 i-8¢ for May. Oats were in good demnnd, and 1.4@3-8c higher, closing nt 53 3-8@53 1-2¢ for March, nnd 53 8-4@53 7-80 for April. Rye was quiet and firmer at 98@99c. Barley was dull and ensier, closing at #1.11 for March, ‘Hogs wero in good demand and sold strouger. Cattle and sheep were quiet and unchanged. The House of Representatives Lave done the best thing possible under tho circum- stances in sanctioning the proposed compro- 1ise in Louisinna affairs, weroby Krt1eao i recognized ns Governor de fucto until the end of the presont term, and the control of the Legislature is given to the Democrats, of which it is ndmitted they wers deprived by the unfair action jof the Returning Board. The Democrats in the House did all they could to defeat tho resolution ; and it is said that the necessary two-thirds for the suspen- sion of the rule to enable the immediate pns- sngo of the resolution was finally secured by tho vote of Arexaspen H, Stermews, which, if true, shows Mr. STernzxs tp be more ron~ sonable and rational than any North. ern Bourbon., Kriuooa's present status could not perhaps bo disturbed with. out making matters worse. Though it is admitted that thero were frauds in Ker. rouo’s election, it is not denied that there were also frauds on the McExzry side. The posver of Congress to order a new election in o State baving on organized and republican form of government is very doubtful. The best possible compromise, therefore, is to lot Kerroao continue for the eighteen months that remain, and let the Domocrats have the Legisinture, if this will assure penco. In this way neither faction can do the harm it might if it were in full power. TAXING THE INVISIILE AND INTANGI- We suggest to the Committces on Revonue of tho Illinois Legislature, and to the mem- bers of the General Assembly gonerally, that they estimnte the wenalth of the people of tho State of Dllinois, and discover, if possible, low thero cnn be included in that aggregate wenlth anything but the visible, tangible proporty, in such form that it can be seen and felt, moasured, weighed, or counted, Can the property of n State, community, or individual consist of anything unknown fo the sonmses? When the Constitation of Lli- nois declared that theLegislature should raisa the noedful revenue of tho State by ““levying a tax by valuation, so that every person and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the valuation of his, her, or its property,” could it have Dbeen presumed that anything wos to bo valued s’ prop- erty save that which had a real and substantial existence, visiblo to the eyo, and cspable of boing touched and handled? How would it read that in the list of tnxable property of the Stata of Illinois, one-third of the property is of an invisible, unsubstantial character, not discoverable with n microscope, nor eapable of being sub- jected to possession, nor substantial enough to fill the compass of a child's thimble? and yet tho rovenune law of Tiinols is founded upon the theory that ono-third the taxable property of tho Stato ie of that charactor. ‘We know that upon the trial of a thief for stesling o promissory note, tho Court held that the note was ‘‘property” in the sense of justifying a conviotion, and upon this ds- ocision rests the authorlty to tax credits and mortgages, intangible things, and sentimen- tal or imaginary nonentities. There are many things in which each individual has o right of property in ono " sense, for tho deprivation of which he has legal remedy for the return or for compensation, and for taking or destroying which there is a cr.m- inal responsibility. A man has in one sense a right of property in his wife and children ; lio may ngt sell them, but ho may take life even in their defense, A man hns o property in his oyes, in his hands and his limbs; when doprived of them, he can punish criminally the person committing tho wrong, and re- covor compensation for the loss. Under the law, & citizen hos o right to vota; in one sensa that right is n property, because he can recover compensation when unlawfully de- prived of it. Ho has a right of property in his porsonal liberty, and can rocover com- pensation when unlawfully deprived of it. He has o right of property in his wifo's chas- tity, snd ean recover damages from ler seducer. Evory person has a right of property in Lis good name and ropu- tation, and to many persons these are the most valunble of all posscssions, and such person has remedics, civil and criminal, for the loss or injury to such reputetion, We might extend this list of intangible, senti- meutal, and imaginary variotles of * prop. erty,” in which persons have large and valu. nble pecuniary intercsts recognized by all Inws and conrts, yet they are hardly such posscs. gions as can Lo valued for turable purpores. But why not? If & man give his written promise to pay another, six months hence, $100 in considoration of a horse transferred {0 the drawer of the promiss, why is that note asubjeot of taxation, the horse being taxed, any moro than s s written promise of riago? Both are mere wrilten memoranda of contracta to bo excouted in the futuré. They are not property, and both contracts cense and bocome vold upou payment in one case and marriage in the other. The law of Nllinois, overlooking the prop- erty which men have In their wives' chastity and oll persons hiave in thelr good claracter and in thoir reputation for honesty nnd skill in thelr varied occupations, has failed to in- clude it in the list of {axables to be valusd by the Asscssors; but it hns authorized the State Board of Equalization, whenever they find a private corporation whose manngement Lias been such as to win the confidence and good will of the public, to add to the actual valuo of the property of that corporation ‘whatever porcontage they may think its good paro and reputation is worth, and compel it to pay taxes theroon ! Why not tax the reputation of alawyer or r. doctor, which bLrings him lerge and lucra- tive profits, & round sum above the value of bis nctual property ? To show the success of the State Board in valaiug reputation and character, it {s only necessary to point to tho fact that in Beptomber last they volued the stock of onu of our Htato rallroads at 112, when in foct tho rallrosd compsuy was tankrupt, and its ntock utterly valuelesy ! The Legislature duparts from the legitimate authority to tax when it directs the valustion and tazation of that which has no visible or tangible axistenco. A horse may be sold n dozen times, and & promissory noto given for the purchase.money each tima ; the 1aw of Tllinois tnxes the homsa andnll the twelvo notes, counting them ns thirteen distinct pleces of property. Yet $100 will tako np all the notes in succession, and pay for the horse Leside, and thereby apouge out of ox- istence %1.200 worth of property on the As- sessor's lists. Tho moment the State undertakes to value and tax credits and promises and contracts 1o pay or perform at some future time; when it undertakes to value and tax property and nlso to tax the paper ovidences of titlo in that property; when it taxes the wages due for Inbor, the money held 28 woges funds, the money borrowed to construct and crente ne- tual property, it engages in that which is Los- tile to public policy, unjust, because providing for duplicnte taxation, repellant to the intro- duction of capital, which prohibita the em. ployment of labor, suspends production, adds largely to the rates of interest, and produces that genernl depression and stagnation styled “hord times,” THE FOROE BILL. The Ropublicans have 195 members of tho present House of Representatives out of a to- tal of 202, When tho Foree bill was bofore that body there was an important vote taken on striking out the provisions suthorizing the suspension of the Zabeas corpus at the discre- tion of the Presidont. For this motion to strike out 85 Republicans voted. On the passage of the bill 82 Republicans voted no. Tho following lists give the names of those Republicans voting in the nogative on these two questions. It will be soen that they em- brace nearlyall tho strong men of the Repub- lican delegation. With two or threo excep- tions, only second and third rate men—fol- lowers of Bex BurLea—vated for the bill: REPUBLICANS VOTING AGAINST THE BILL—32. Mafne—John 1L, Burlelgh, Eugene Haie, Vermont—Luke P, Poland, Charles W, Willard, Afassachusetts—Tienry L, Dawos, George F, Lioar, E. Rockwood Tloar, Henry L. Pieres, Connsetieut—Joseph B, Hawley, Stephen W, Eellogg, Henry H, Starkwosther, New York—Clinton L, Merriam, Eills H. Roberts, Tenry J. Scudder, Ji. Doardman Sinith, e Jersey—Willam W, Fhelps, Pennyylrania—Lazarua D, Shoemaker, Ohfo—Charles Foster, Samies A, Garflold, AMichigan—Caorge Willard, Willlam B, Willlams, Iitinota—Horatlo O, Burchard. Towa—John A, Kasaon, George W, McCrary. Tennesses—William Crutcheld, Horace H, Harrl- son, Acrth Carolina—Wiiliam A, Smith. Firginfa—James 1, Sener, J. Ambler Bmith, MHaryland~Lloyd Lowndes, Jr, NEPUBLICANG VOTING TO STRIKE OUT THE MABRAS. CORPUS CLATSE, BUT FINALLY YOTED FOB THE nru—3. Ohto—Ilezekish 8. Bundy, Totca—Tames W, McDill, Tennasee—Jacab M, Thornburgh, REPUNLIOANS AUSENT OR REFUSING 70 YOTE YOR THE BILL—20, Nete Hamvahfre—Austin ¥, Pike, William B, Small, Vermont—George W, Heudeo, Ner Yori—Sineon . Chittenden, Freorsan Clarke, Tobert 8. Male, Willlam H, Lamport, William A. Wheeler, Nec Jertey—Teaac W, Scudiler, Pennsylvama—Jolm W. Killinger, Maryland—William J, Albert, North Carolina—Clinton L. Cobb, Charles . Thomsa, Georgra-~James C, Freeman; Leutstana~Lionel A, Sheldon. Ittinoie—Charles B, Farwell, Towea—Aglett I, Cotlon, Wisconsin—Jeremish AL, Rusk, Minnesota—Torace T, Strait, Ransas—William A, Phillips, 1t was announced in the final roll-call that Messrs, Buries, Burrinton, Bannene, Bizny, Eeurey, RicaMosp, Srnawnnipok, ond Rusk were *paired off,” and would have voted for the bill. It wns furthor announced that Mr, Currrenpey, not paired, would have voted ngainst the bill. No Ropublicans wore paired off in the negative; but Mesers. Corroy, FarweLy, Purnuirs, and WaeeLer, not voting on tho final question, had pre- viously voted to atrike out tho labeas corpus clause, and Messra, Crang and Srtrarr had voted for Mr. Hoan's amendmont. Counting the * pairs,” we have the result on the last voto: Republicaus voting no Tlepubticans not paired Hpeaker BLunx opposed to it Tolal Tiopublicans sgainet the bill.vecsesesrsens83 In the lst of Ropublicans protesting® ngainst the bill wera nearly all of the ablest and most experienced men of the House. Among thege sre Bpeaker Bramve, Judge PoraNp, Wittiep, of Vermont, Hare, of Maine, Dawes and the Hoam brothers, of Massachusetts, the whols Connecticut delo. gation, Erus II, Ropents, of New York, Fosren and GanrreLp, of Ohio, WiLtarp, of Michigan, Kassoy, Corrox, and AMoCrany, of Town, and Buncmanp and Finweny, of Tllineis. The protest of these 53 Ropublicans meana something. It moy uot bo ont of place to add that, of the 185 Republicans voting for the passage of this bill, only 39 have been re.elected, the othior 96 have rotired or boon rotired. The madness and recklessness with which this bill has been forced through the Housa under the lead of Burien by members who will not be in Congress next year to defend tho act or to meat the consequences, are not oxcusable, The country might expect such malignant folly from Burien and the dis- carded adventurers from the South, but the country hnd a right to expect botter things of those Republicnns who have constituencies opposed to any more of that class of repre- hensible special legislation. They have fur- niched the Opposition with a capital for de- nunciation which cannot fail to be used with effect among n people who want peace and order, law and popular government, not atrife, dictation, and military government, 32 tion from H. 8. Lanaing, the Western Finan. ainl Agent of the Centennial Exposition, rela- tive to & paragraph printed in the Sunday is- sue of Tre Trunune, We think Mr, LaNsiva hos somewhat misapprehended the purport and intention of tho paragraph. It is shoply true that the Philadelphia Telegram Lics made tho demand for 81,600,000 from thoe Govern- mont, os we stated ; and wo must continue to realst this and every other demand of n simi. lar naturs, ‘Tho Government js in no sense commiitted to the financiel success or failure of the enterprise since the original act autbor- {zlug the Centennial to be celobrated in this mauner exprossly stipulatod that ** the United States shall not be liable for any erpenses at- tending such ezhibition, or by reason of the same." This declaration has been strictly ad- hered to in all subsoquent acts, Tho §500,. 000 voted by Congress was simply for the purpose of making an exhibit of the Government property, resources, and peculiaritios, just as the State of Nllinofs might vote a suwm of wouey to exhihit the pecullar products and industrios of our The invitations, it is true, are lssued by {'12 Gove ernmont, but aro mercly formal, No peeu- niary lability attaches to the Govermmneut, Moreover, if the Goverument undestook tn foot tha bills or gunrauteo their payment, it would paralyze all voluntary effort, stop popu- Iar subscriptions, and destroy individual in- terest in the great enterprise. We nro in favor of popular subscriptions, and will urge the people of this city and soction of the Union to do their fair share to mnko a grand success of the Centonnial Exposition, but wo want Congress to keop ita hnnds out of the National Treasury, and let the American peo- ple, in their individunl cnpacities, furnish the men, money, and materials for lhl}‘ big fair, THE EXPORT PROBLEM, From 1857 to 1861 we had s tariff much like the present one in Canada. 'Thero was o large freo list of raw materials, aud tho nver- ago rato of duty on usefal articles taxed did not exceed 15 per cent. ‘The result was that the country exported cotton nud woolen fabrics, boots nud shoes, furniture, carringes, machinery, cutlery, type, papor, school- Looks, etc., in great quantities, and this ex- portation was rapidly increasing, We paid Brazil for her hides with boots and shocs, and Australis and South America for their coarse wools with woolen and cotton maunufactured goods. Wa did then as England, France, and Belgium do now,—imported raw materinl, added to its value by the employment of labor upon it, which reduces bulk and in. crenses vnlue, and reshipped it whence it came. We were fast supplying South Amer- jen and Moexico with cotton goods. The British manufacturer, with his wares of in- ferior quality and greater cost, could mot compote with us even in tho Ohina markets. Our ship-yards rang with the blows of Ameri. can labor, They aro cmpty and rotten now. Our export of manufactures is almost nil. The state of things in '67-'61 s on cxact pic- ture of what hns not been truo since 1861, At presont, with cheap food, chenp conl, with iron and ltmber at our deors, with wool, cot- ten, flax, and hides in abundance, with a su- porabundnnes of skilled as woll as raw labor, with good Inbor-saving machinery, and with every natural ndvantage for cheap production and consequent exportation, we oxport al- most nothing except raw, conrse, bulky agri- cultural produce, which is tho lenst advan. tagoous thing to send nbroad to great die- tances, becausa its value is chiofly consumed in cost of transportation, Thero must bo o ronson for the difference Letween 1861 and 1875, We know that the nation which can produce the cheapest will oxport the most. When we exported of mnn- ufactures much, therefore, production must have been cheaper than now, when we ex- port so little, notwithstanding a lapse of four- teen yenrs, The causcs of the increased cost ave two, & fluctunting, depreciated currency, and n barbarousty high tariff. Prof. Amasa Warxen's article an ‘“Tho Money Problem” in the current number of the International attributes tho incrensed cost wholly to the bad state of the currency. This is either stupidity or cownrdico. A fluctuat- ing ourrency increasos tho cost of produc. tion only by the insurance which dealors exact in order to cover possible deprecintion. Thig is by no menus an insignificant ovil, but it is not tho great one by any means, We are inclined to think that Wanxen, unlike the other New England economists, ATINgON aud Weees, is afraid to tell his neighbors what o curss so-called ** protection” is to the country's prosperity. Wa are loth to believe that o man of his reputo can have fallen into tho glaring error of which he has otherwise beon guilty. A high tariff increnses the cost of produc- tion by increasing the cost (@) of all raw materials, (&) of all Iabor, (c) of all machin- ery, (d) of all transportation. On imported raw materials, high duties have to be paid, Native raw materinls are not strictly “raw.” They all represent moro or loss Iabor. That labor has cost more, by renson of the high duties on imports; and so tho materinls have, too. Labor costs more, becauss living ex- penses ore greater, and wages oan never fall permanently below those expenses. Ma. chinery costs more, because its materials and their manufacture have both cost more. Transportation is dearor, because road-bed, rails, rolling-stock, and statious have all been produced at a grepter cost, and the hands employed are hired at & higher rate. Thus, o high tariff, by swelling the con! of each of theso four factors in production, greatly in- creases the cost of production itself. We ought now to oxport far mors manufacturcs than we did in '57-'G1, but the high tariff stands in the way, forbidding exportation and confining the manufacturer to the narrow precincts of tho home market, Thers ore mow twenty’ or thirty great branches of business in this country which have what tho English call * plant,” that is, appliances for production and investmest of capital to too great an extent for the home demand. They are capable of producing far more than can be gold and consumed at home, In ench of them the employers are €onse- quently trampling each other and their labor- ers under foot. They have willfully caged themselves within one country, nnd, like Srenye's starling, ¢ can't got out.” Thoy ere in the condition of a man shut up in an air- tight room, who is poisoned by the carbonic acld he bresthes out and then breathes in, If our manufactures are to grow strong and expand, thoy must get access to the world's markets, Tho narrow homo market in alto. gothier insufileient, Joun Brvant MiLy snys that protection can nover protect, unless the homae supply of the protectod article is inad. orquata to meet thobome demand, Even this dubious excoption cannot avail us now, The cnge stands thus: We can produce of the great staplos much more than wo can con. sime ot home, If we sold the surplus abroad, we could soon discharge the foreign debts which mow drain off our gold and en- feebles our currency, and could get wealth in oxchange for the roat; but our tariff laws forbid us to export, and we therefore spend, in cut-throat competition which leads to commoreial disaster, the activity and intelli- gence which might once more cover the high sens with our shine and fll foreign markots with our wares, ‘Was it worth while to ruin the prosperity of the country that Pennsylvanis might build the 000 iron furnaces now ‘‘blown out” for lack of homo demund? Docs not she also need an ountlet in foreign markots for her surplus iron? Tho Queon's speech conteined a statement that o bill for the awelioration of the Lomes of workiug-poople would bo futroduced dur. ing the session of Parlinment, The Disrarrt Ministry promptly performed the promise, 'fhe Home BSecretary, Mr. COnoass, has laid beforo the Houso of Cowmmons o scheme which will probably be adopted. It is sin:ple and thorough. The local medical officors are to report any distriots iu which tho houses are unherlthy. It is their duty to report without being asked to doso. If thoy neg- lect this, they are obliged to inspect any dis- trict to which their attention is called by twenty tax-psywrs. Tho municipal authori. SDAY, MARCH 2, 1876. ties, when thoy are satlsfied of tho unhealthi noss of any distriet, must prepare n echemeo for its jmprovement, and submit it to tho Home Secrotary. This rehomo must provide for the housing, somowhere, of all the work-people who aro dislodged. It tho plan, after Investigation, is approved, the Homo Secretary is to scoure an act of Parlinment, under which the local authorities buy up the Iand,—condomn it, it nced be,— and resell or lot it to penions who will give good guarantees to cmry out the plan of ime provewont. ‘I'he authorities .cannot build upon tha property exeept by the special por- mission of the Home Sccretary, The law scoms to bo wisely framed. It is expocted to sweep away any number of close-pncked fover-nests, for which buildings on Gronor Pranopy's plan will be substituted. Thero is no degrading charity about it, na is too often the case with schemes for the relief of the poor. The ovil which is attacked by it is be- coming frightfully provalent in this country, 08 the annual reports of the Massachusotts Bureau of Labor Statistics show. The soouer we rcet tho question with proper legislation, tho better. THE PENNSYLVANIA LOCAL ELECTIONS. 'he results of the recent local elections in Pennsylvania indicate that the * tidal wave " is returning, Its first splash upon the shoro comes with a rush and roar that reminds one of thoold times of Republiean victories in tho Koystono State, Philndelphin wns last weck carried by a clean sweop, and the Re- publicnns score to their credit a mnjority of 12,000 in avoto of 80,000, sixteen Mogistrates out of twenty-four, twenty-two Seloct Coun- cilmen ont of twenty-nine, fifty-five Common Councilmen out of seventy, not to mention School-Dircctors and Assessors in the same ratio. Laucaster, which was about n tie last year, olects n Republicsa Mayor by 45¢ me- jority, and the Republicaus cnry nearly the entira Council and School Board, and this in a city which the Democrats usually carry. Tho old Democratic city of Rending, which gave a Democratic mnjority of 800 only four months ngo, turns n somersault, and comes up emiling with 800 Republican majority. Harrisburg, which has been & doubtful city for a long time, aud gave a Democratic ma- Jority lnst fall, returns & Republican majority of 550, and hns broken up the wholo Demo- eratic crowd by electing soven out of nine Select Councilmen, eightecn out of twonty- one Common Councilmen, six out of nine Bchool-Directors, all of the city and nearly all of the ward officers. It was o rout of the Bourbons, horse, foot, and dragoons, Alle. gheny, which wng about equally divided lnst fall, elects a Republican Council, and Pitts- burg alse, which gave a Democratic majority in nearly every ward in November, and changed tho political complexion of the Leg- islature. The Pitteburg Commercial reports that the news from Noweastle, Meadville, Erie, Titusville, and Wilkesbarre, and such county sents ns Allentown, Easton, Norris- town, West Clestor, Lebanon, Pottaville, and Tyrone, shows that the Republicans of these and other cities and towns were wido awnke and successfully earncst in waintaining thoir local supremacy. Now, there must be n cause for this sud- den change in the State of Peansylvania. The towns reported above are not simply Re- publican towns, accustomed year after year to cast Republican majorities, but some of them are Democratic strongholds and others “doubtful,” and others, formerly Republican, which only four months ngo gave Democratic majorities. The cause of the changocan be discovered. The poople of Pennsylvania, like the people of alinost every other State, resolved Inst yoar that there must be o change. The Republican party had, to soma extent, lost its bhold wupon the public by res- son of tho rovelations mode in the investigation of Credit Mobiliers, sub. sidies, and land-grants, and had become do- moralized with Bullerism, carpot-baggery, and inisrule in the Southern States. In ad- dition to these, times were hard, trade was dull, a panio had extonded over the country involving wide-spread financinl disaster, manu- fnctories wero closed up or running on short time, mines wore unworked, and thero wasa general want of confidence in overy businoss community, The Democratic leaders took advantage of this condition of things, and promised a remedy if intrusted with power, which was to bring abont good tines, lighten tnxes, and pure local Government. The people nccepted the promised remedy for two reasons, fivat, that they might apply salutary discipline to the Ropublican party leaders and wipo out the demornlizing princi- ples of Butlerism, and, second, becausa thoy hoped that the promises hold out by the Domoerats might in some degree Lo fulfilled. "Tho discipline wes applied very thoroughly, not only in Pennsylvania, but even in Massn- chusotts, Tho salary-grabbers wera every- where chastised; and in Common Coun. cils, in Sclhool Boards, in Legislatures, in Congress, Republicans took back seats and ¢ Reformers * came to the front. Tho ‘‘re. forms,” however, dida't come, The promises were mnot carried into effect. In Pennsylvania, the Reform Legislature las done nothing. Its ression of three months has been as fruitless of good s that of the Illinols **Reform” Legislature, It hos outraged the public sentiment of the Btate by tha election'of a ballot-box stufing politician to the United States Bennte. It has corrected no abuses, stopped no Ireasury leaks, retrenched no expenditures, cut off no frauds, and has failed to inaugurate any roform., Tlio thousands of Republicans in Pennayl- vania who voted tho “Reform" Detnooratic ticket Jast fall ave now heartily disgusted at the broken promlises n( the Reformers, and have roturned to their “flvst love,” and the result is, tho old Bourbons aro experiencing a serics of reverses all over the Btate wherever the peoplo can got a blow at them, As in Ponnsylvania, so in the country at largo, The spectacle of their old friends coming into power ngain has encouraged the ex-Robels to manifest their hotred of the Unlon Government, The furious speech of Joux Youno BrowN was the index of what will tako place at tho next cession of Con. gress when the Sonthorn Democrats, the ma- Jority of whom were in the Confederate mny or held civil offices under the Confederato Government, get contrel of the Domocratic caucus, dictate tho policy of the House, and hold the power of tho purse nod the sword, The peoplo of Toun- sylvania have already grown disgusted with the pretenses of the Reformers, the shallowness of thelr promises, and their fail- ure to corroct, or even try to correct, auy abuses, and, as thoy aro the fimt to have tho opportunity, they have improved it by elect- jug Republicans again, The Democratic ““re- nction” in Pennsylvania was but short-lived. Tholr brief teuure of office Loy shown that thero is no hope of reform from old Dour- bong. 'The eloction in Peunsylvania is the first gun i the cawpalgn of 1875. Wo are “reply, but wo select the following paragraph on to hiear from New Hampshire and Con. necticut. Tt remains to be scen whethor tho pooplo of theso two States will not join hands with Pennsylvania in donouncing this Bourbon humbug of reform. his goods and chattels, wa submit that ftis,, - little “rough” on him to make him o another tax on tha samo property of f e cont, or any other per cent, on the amount at which he lias insured such property ngaingt destruction by fire. This is exactly wlu; Mirren’s bill proposes to do. The man whq takes care to protect his property on the well-catablished business principle of ingy,, anco i8 to be punished thorefor by heny, oxtra tazntion, while the eareloss, recklu'\‘ nud thoughtless Lusiness man or hong, holder is encournged in his loosd aud unbyg, © nosslika hnbits, o The chatter in **Anti-Monopoly's" com, munication about ¢ foreign insurance compy. nies dopleting tho State " is too ridiculousfy, notice. If capital to tho amount of 3109, 000,000 can be spared from other bun!n,-.-', and fuvestments in linols to be put fuq * liome insurance, lot it be done; but,a:jy cannot bo spared for such purpose, we n,yt draw for protection ngainst fire upon the ¢ P ital invested in companies in other Btriy and whatever our Logislature does to hi:.qy or harass auch companics bhurts the citizuny of Illinois by weakening the menns of inuyy, ance and increasing its cost. A WITNESS NOT WANTED, As the time appronches for the defenso in tho Beecuzn scandal to place thoir wilnossea upon the stand, the intercst in two possible witnesses, Bowey and Mms. Woobnury, in. creases. Hithorto, both parties have bLeen afraid of Bowes, He is a man who it is sup- posed can hit with both hands, and if he gots to the staud will make it uncomfortably warm for Beecner and Tiutoy alike, if not for half- n-dozen other of the sido lights of this cnss, Tnaoy included. Thoy hnve therefore fought very shy of him, and whenever ho los ox- pressed a willingness to go beforo the jury aund testify to overything he knows, his two former employes, Besouen and TirroN, through their counsel, have engerly waved bim away, Now, howaver, that Traoy hag savagely nssaulted him and impugned his character and motives in con- noction with the scandal, he will undoubtediy demand to bo heard, and, if he cannot got to the witness-stand, will make himself heard by the publia through the medium of the press. Tho public would like to hear from Ar, Bowen., If he knows anything at all sbout the cass, he probably knows a great denl that will not bo second-hand or miero gossip, With Madam Woobnuwz, however, tha case is difforent. Both. partics in the suit have treated her with contempt, and havo not been slow in oxpressing it. Tho result of this is, that she has grown despe- rate to the verge of nn explosion, and ravos, and mges, and demands .that she shall be placed upon the stand, We hope she will not bo allowed that privilege. No one wants to know what she hns to say, except womon of her own stamp and people posscssed of de- praved curiosity, This woman has no orig- inal testimony to offer, liko that of Breomsn, TrvroN, Bowey, and MourroN. What she would have to tell would be gossip at second and third hands, bearsny stories and scan- dals miagnified by a prurient imnagination and exnggerated by her implacable hntred. She has no interest at stake in thiy case, no reputation to be made or lost, no de- sires to gratify excopt those of scnsation and hatred. Her appearance npon the stond would be n public injury, and, innsmuch ea she lins nothing to sny of any importance ns first-hand testimony, she should not be nl- lowed the opportunity to vent her spiteful spleen. Even the reporters do not consider her of importance enough to interviow her, nnd the most vulgnr papers of New York do not trouble themsolves to got her valuclers opinion, 1f she must have her say, she can do so through some scandal-newspaper, os sho has done before, THE HISTORY OF COMPULSORY EDUCAT;0Y, ‘Tho interost in the theory of compn'sor; education is so great that it is almost f1npos sible to take up any prominont poriodisal op paper without finding some reference to kg subject, Tho March Atlantic takes the fig)] with an interesting historical suminary of (L progrees of the idea, After Germany bad been crushed by iy Nnpolconic wars, her foromost thinkers (og} hold of the work of resteration, and Ieid 1l broad and necessary foundation by making oduncation compulsory. The famous rule f 1819 obliged every child between 7 nnd 14 to go to school regnlarly. More recently, tho sichool agoe hos been fixed botweon 6 an 17 years. There wes some difficulty at fing in enforcing the rule, but Fronts eaid: * iy first generntion will be the only one npoa whom it will be necossary to use constraint; for thosa who will Liave reccived the proposed ednention will voluntarily send their childna o school.” Time has shown this to bes true that, in 1863, only seven persor: in »l Prussin wera punished for failing to comply with the law, Saxony did not enforce cdn cation uatil 1835, and had somoe troublest first to do =0, but bas none now. Almot every Gorman has some eduention, Jury Simon, late Ministor of Publio Instructionfs * ™ Franco, wroto: *Prussia, with obligutory in. struction, hos conquered ignorance, a victory from which we are soparated, aftcr thiny yenrs of efforts, by 900,000 children, ignorant -and neglected.” France hos spent muchoa cduention, bnt she has not compciled hu children to be oducated, and hor efferts hase gy therefore been in vain. A striking cous can be drawn Letweon Snxony snd 3l Both pay much attention to eduention. gium spends more upon it, proporti than Baxony does, Saxony enforce: nilo ance upon schools, and Belgium does not. Al Saxons aro educated. Ifelf the Dulyi: according to the last officinl cens: rend nud write, The Belginu plan is the oe pursued in most of our States. Sclools and teachers ara provided, but children uni ther parents are loft to decide for themmclr whether thoy shall learn anything cr not. I New York City, before the Compu'sory-Ed cation law took eflect, there wevs 200 registered scholars and less than 122 000 regee lor aottendants. These figures, too, take ro account of the mnss of poor chillren whe wero not evon registerod at any school axd nover entered one, The trinl of the system in Englrnd is ¢ pecially intoresting to us, Thera Lus beens long fight for nationnl education there, M oAuLAY was one of the combatants. Itws at this timo that he uttored his famous saw ing : * The right to hang involve: the ri to enforco inatruction.” In 1870, there w 2,000,000 unschooled children in Esglnnd azd Wales. The law drawn by Mr. W. E, Foxe | ren, and passed in that yoar, oomtaineds | provision permitting loeal Boards of Fdnes tion to make instruction compulsory, if tht wished, Tt was a test of the popular feclinn - Fow persons thought tho permiscion woull evor bo utilized, To overybody': mu : noarly all the grent cities enforced adneation forthwith, The plan has worked ndm even in London, If that overgrow: mat olis can bo managed under such a law, it i1 « applicablo everywhere. Wo trust that the historian of ccmp oducation who writes in 1880 can chroaice . fivo years’ successful practice of the ideaid : tho great State of Illinois. P p— TAXING POLIOY-HOLDERS. A writer in the acophalous concern over the signature of ** Anti-Monopoly " comes {o the defenso of the absurd bill introduced into the Ilinois Logislature by Mr. MiLrer, of Cook, to tax foreign insurance compnnies 5 per cont on their premiums over and above their losses. 'That the writer in tho acepha- lous concern is the renl father of the bill seems probable both from the familiavity which he has with a bill that has not been reported in full in the public prints, and nlso from the solicitude which he displays that the bill shall becoro o law, Ho also writes with all the speciousnoss of o man who is trying to serve a personal interest at the sacrifica of tho general good, and therefore commits blunders that would show the most lamontable ignorauce if they wore not possi- bly suggested by a selfish motive to deccive. It is hard to find in tho long and rambling colleotion of sophisms which this writer pre- sents any tangible poiut on which to base & a8 probably expressing the faircst statement of his case B0 far an the writer understands tha bill fotroduced by Mr. Minuen, its object fsto tax insurauce com- panies of othier States on the surphts collectod in this Htafo over the losses p2id 1n (s State, and not on the aross recolpts, as wtated by Tiz Taisuxe, Whilo Iocal companies, and all branches of industry, are hoavily taxed for Stata purposes, those forelm fn- aursnce companies which are dopleting tha State of millions sunually contribute nothing to its revenues, except » nomiual sum for liconso foos, Whils alster States nearly all derive n laudsome revonuo from 1n- surance tazes, why should Iilinols protect forelyn insurance companiea sttho exponss of her own cor- porations and citizens ? ¢ The intimation that the doduction of losses leaves the tax only on net receipts is a decop- tion. To pay 5 per cent on gross receipts after the deduction of losses still taxes the, interest on tho capital, the salaries of agonts, oftico-rent, advertising, and all the other ex- poenses of carrying on the insurance business, o that tho proposod tax is by no meansa tax The telegraphic reports printed o day (f two sgo in Tne Trumose from thoe Blak 6n profits alone, The reforence to the prao. | Hills, upon tho authority of & l‘l‘: ) tico of - othor States is also irrelovant, g it [ B0ers Who ~had returnad ‘“’”‘m el can in no wise affect the principlo involved, Mills to Yankion, will undoubleds hove an importunt influence upm tie colonization of that country in the sprins As soon as tho woather becomes fit fo: travch wo moy look for such a rush to the Dok Hills 03 took placo some yenrs ago to Piks Ponk. Tho swarm of scttlors, adveste ors, and gold-hunters: will epread them selves over that reglon like anl% ~ and will go thero in such clouds the tho wholo army of the United Hlal®l . will not bo able to stop them, nor all 13 I dinns west of the Missisaippi, If tho Bisk Hills country is half that it is described 108% a reglon abounding in gold, silver, and other minerals, having magnificont and well-wité od valloys, a fertile soil, limitless foresta of ypino, filled with overy description of g% oto., thero is no good ronson why it #hot not be populated and jmproved ss soon st possible. Tho Indians are doing notbiag It it,and nover will, All this, however, {5 Ui Ly a condition, There is an *‘if" "N‘“ stands in the way, Jf this region s what ! ia claimed to bo; {f itabounds in the precio minerala; {f it 1s as fortile and woll-w 3 and watered as is nsserted, then ft most X™ tainly presenta the very best inducements “l: settlors ; but those who have the Black l!fl‘ ¥ fover should have something more tangilhd than tho report of thess two ploneers, e clally whon exports liave heretofore d«mblIln A the auriforous character of the region. TH - fate which nttended the Pike's Peak v!cllfi ought to be a warning sgainst a repotition 4 such infatastion and hoadlong Laste 0 6% rich, Go slow, ard Jook befors you lesp- which is uttorly bad and vicious. We do not presumo that the originator or the advocates of this absurd bill, who ara prompted by selfish motives, ean bo convinced of this, but tho judgnent is made up from the simplost axioms in political economy. 1. Tho consumer or user always pays the tax. The man who hires & horse and buggy pays an interest ou the eapital invested, the wear and tear of the proporty, end the tax it pays. ITe ovon poys an iutorest on that tax, which the owner reckons ns a part of his in- vestment, If all this were not 8o, the livery. stable keepor would soon have to quit busi. ness and go into bankruptey. This axiom applies to all forms of business. 2, Tho tenant, who hires a house instead of o Lorso and buggy, pays & sufficicnt renta) to cover the intorest on the capital invested, tho wear and tear on the property, tho cost of ropairs, and also the taxos and in- surance, This is the rule, or capital would not be invested in houses to rent, In the samo manner the policy-holder must bear any tox put upon insurance, which, ns a matter of courso, will be added to the rate by the companies. 8, 'To tax the gross Teceipts of foreign in- surance companies after deducting their loss. es means eimply to tax the polioy-holdor about double tho amount of tha original tax. When tho United States taxed gross recelpts, it was found that tho consumer or user paid Inrgely in oxceas of the tax, as every business taxed made it an excuse to incroase their profits, Thus tho railroads put up their rates so ex- orbitantly, in consequence of the tax on froights and fares, that it afforded the chief reason for the ropeal of tho tax, The tax on horse-railronds was only n small fraction of & cent, but the horse-rallroad companies added a full cent to overy fare. Bo, it the State taxes insurance reccipts & per cent, the polioy-holders will probably pay 8 to 10 per cent more than they othorwise would. It is very certain that not & cent of the tax will ever como out of the pockets of tho foroign | on tho old geutloman to give bim some. 1"’"; insuranco cotupuuies, tau roforred young hopefai o Gros After o mon hias pald & tax on his house or | A, Burr, trasteea-trust of - Age and perscoution are gradually sourioe ‘:; mild and gentle tempar of Buiouax Youw‘.m Balt Lake City. Instead of mellowing it W ara ruining it. Adversity is not mrunlng : views of life, nor reducing the saperity © i3 language. Perhapa it is Anx Ewiza ¥ ¢ bl dono this; porlaps it is the othor Tadlen :fi 4 harem. According to the Ualt Lake Tri % disagroeable scone occurred s dsy ortfl‘ ] Ouo of tho Prophet's many soos, Dresiden oo the Ordor of Tuoch, and & yagabond of ape thrift reputation, ran short of monsy, and ¢