Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 26, 1875, Page 4

TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RLTES OF SURECRIPTION (PATABLA M7! ADVANCE), Pont He OF a! tres antedtes Banday Edition, duuble ahogt...es Parts of asearat the asine rato, WaAxtED—Unenctive agoat in onch town and villegs. Speoial arrangements made with exch, ‘Specimen coplee azut trem. Tu yreren. delay antl miatakee, be qire and give Pott- Office eedreos in full, tooleding Stato and County, Rerci:(ancea may bamade ottherby drat, oxpress, Post- Ofice order, oF tu registered letters, at our rlek, ‘TREMS TO CITY ECLACRINENS. Daiis, delivered, Sanday excepted, 25 conte nerweok. Daily, dolireed, Buniay Incle ded, BU conte per works Address THR TRIBUNE UOMPANY, Corner Madison and Danrborn-rts., Chicegy Dl. TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENT: DEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted ntrect. between Made jaan Mnavee, Hagazement of Hrans' Obantraa. "Xho Octoroun.” MUVIOREMH THRATRE—Madison ai Dearborn and State. ngarement of Charl **Bimpson & Co.” and ‘*Qaecn Katbaring,"* SUBATRE—D. rest, corner ons ros Wantety autertalament Nolen. GRAN! IPERA-MOUEE—Clark streot, onite gina Hout Holly a Leowe Minstrels: °° Erow= row." HOOLRT'A Olark and LaSalle, treet, between Lind.” THEATRE —Randaloh at le, **Dura" and ** Jenny <Monroo atreet, bi pA ah baat ‘Too Late to Mead.’ Dor and diate, evoning. HOW SELDOM WE 5: hair} Fram mokaess, ox eunds Aud their Hair SPLENDID NAN OF neglavt, than. ing owas, Uaroeit’s No Gude sins 14.8 pore rove wf it =n preparation trog trum furitating matier. aiinity for tuy numnats euin-is rapidly parte lustro and strength, WILROR'S COD LIVE: OM, AND: LIMR.—PII eons whe aye Dec taliug Cod Liver ft will be plensod to loaru bat Dr, Wilbur has auecocded, from di lo: Of several proiesttans} gentiomen, 19 ca.obining thy puro Silend ition ta euch a maunor that itv pleasant to the taste, ond its effects bi lung complaint a ful, "Very many per our whioso oases wer hopeless, aud who hed taken tho oicar ofl fo: wituourinarced etfeol, hare bnan ent rely on This preparation, io «ure aud une. Manne inciured by 4, B, WLLHOR, Id by all druggist. GLEN I 7 WAUKEO, Asn cathartic, diuptic, altoratty >, and native, ‘Thy Glen tlie’ Byring auy otper wator of whicn we have any ki mice. Ant Mo cbeorfully recommoud i.e use U> thors sutfering from chronio ditwases, tn wiilcl tho Ab ave (eypestics ere indi. gated, Weanerk trom peraonal Fnowlodge, having care- fully ‘noted (th job of this rater upon oursclves and wpon our pa SHU D. =F. RORSCH, M.D. MA J. ROW BULLOOK, M.D, ALRON LEWIS, Che Chicana Tribune. Eridny Morntng:, Fobruary 26, 1875, Acchemo for the radivision of Dlinois and Indiana is soon to be brought up in the Leg- islaturo of the letter Mate, The iden is, so for as it hos taken shape, to unite the north. ern and southern parte of the two Btates, Exactly where ths division-line would be drown, the orators afirm not. Doubtloss it would be'twixt ‘Iweedledum snd Tweedledeo, Mr. Dawes, it is said, canvassed tho Senate yesterday in Lehulf of the now Tax bill. He implored Senators to roject all amendments, and said any change in the bill which would require it to be agsin acted upon by the Houso would probably be fatal. Weshould like to soo the amendment that would stump the whir. ky-ring and the protectivo-tariff people. Nothing short of o proposition to rovive tho income tax would quiet that crowd. It is something to havea placo in history; and the Illinois Legislature now in Spring. field will certainly be so far blessed, Tho narrative will run: “Tho Lower House of the Legislature which assembled in the win- tor of 1875 was tho worst ever known in tho Btate. Its conduct, triod by all political standards, was fooliah and shameful,” and so on. But probably the historian will consider Speaker Hanvrs and Tos Mennrrr not worth montioning. A careful and, a8 wo believe, conscientious raviow of the Logislative session at Spring- field up to the forty-cighth day will be found this morning in the dopartment of State affairs. Our correspondent gives it os hia deliberate conviction that the Lower House of tho Legislature is tho worst that over as- sembled in Llinois. In support of his posi. tion he cites many pertinent facts, Ev- ery man who helped to “give the Damo. ornts o chance this wintor” ought to rend tho letter of our correspondent and learn how the opportunity has boon iinproved. morning with some surprise, though certain- ly without great distress, that tho Standing Comiittee of the Dioceso of Indiana lng Yoted nguinat the confirmation of his election to the Illinois Bishopric, Indians was counted, wo believe, as ono of the donbtful States ; aud much cannot bo predicated on tho vol, of its Standing Committee, At tho same time, it is too much to say that tho news will not be disappointing to somo of the more sanguine Dz Koven people, ere ‘When the Eana jetty bill comes up in the Benate, it will probably be amended in im. portant perticulara, so thot its final passage jis now exveodingly doubtful, Tho proposi- tion is to reduce the gross compensation from $8,000,000 to @5,250,000; to des- ignate tho South Pass instead of the Southwest Pass as the pince for building the jetties, and to givo the War Department direction of the work. The bill thus amend. ed would not, in all probability, be accopt- able to Capt. Eans, avon if it could be got through the House again. Oazen Ovsnine offic! Gnaxt yesterday that the Virginius question has been finally adjusted on the basis of #500 idemnity for each person killed, ‘Tho action of our Government throughout this misorablo affair must havo commended iteelf to the good sense of overy intelligent American. If the Preaident hed allowed himuclf to be swayed by popular clamor, we might be at this day ombrolled in Gwar with Spain. Such a position would be only profitable or pleasant to tho contract- ora who might get their urms into the National strong-box, —_——— Gen. Tauct's attack upon Mr, Bowen in his opening gpecch for the defense in the Brrones caso was something of a surprise to Mr, Tittox’s lawyors, as it will be also, wo suppose, to the public at large, Neither side, before yesterday, had ventured to impeach Bowxs's reputation, Ho has been commonly regarded tus being in the position of a powder- magazine, chock-full of ammunition, and only waiting to be touchedoff, Gen. Tascr’s atory action therefore appears to be foolhardy, if it is not intended to prepare for aud anticipate the eifects of on explosion which he considers inevitabli regular yesterday, with less doing. Bess pork ‘was io fair demand, and §@10e per brl Ligh. wt, Closing at $18.15 cash, and $18.45 for Apel. Lard was lees active, and 7 1.20 poe 100 tte higher, closing st 13,25 cosh, and $18.47 1-2 for April, Meats were quiet anda shade firmer, at 6 1-20 for shonl- ders, 91-20 for short ribs, and 93-fo for short clears, Dessed hogs were dull and ena- ior, closing at 87,60@7.80 per 100 Ihs, High. wines wero moro activo and stendicr, at $1.06 per gallon, Flour was quiet and steady. Whont was less active and 1-40 lower, closing firm at 8{ 1-26 cash, and 860 for April. Corn was quiet and 1-40 lowor, closing at 63 8-40 for March, and 710 for May. Onts were quiet and steady, closing at 580 for March, Rye was dull and easier, at 98@98 1-2c, Barley wat quiet and 2c highor, closing nt $1.10 for March, and $1.08 for April, fogs were modorately activo ata slight advance in light weights and a decline of 100 in heavy. Cattle were quist and onsy. Sheep were dull and 25@3850 lower. ‘The Hon. Tose Menntrr, Democratic lender in the Iilinois House of Representatives, is becoming a conspicuous nuisance and au of- fensa to the people. Fle ought to be tied up. Yesterdoy ho rose to a queation of privilege in the Houso, and made a personal attack, as gross nud indecent ns it was stupid, upon a nowspaper correspondent. Mennrrt is the author, it will be remembored, of the brilliant apothegm, that the Do mocrats were not sent to Springfeld this winter to do anything, but to examine what has beendone, ‘The offense of the nowsptper correspondent Jay in not giving an extended report of the speech in which Mennrrr onuccinted this now gospel. Honest Democrats will be delighted tolearn that tho State-Houso investigation, Intely be- gun at Springfleld witha great blowing of fog-horns, has abruptly ended. Tho bill ap. proprinting $800,000 for the completion of the work hag been reported back from Com- mittee by a unanimous vote, and the investi- gation has beon quietly ignored, both by tho Republican and the Democratic members. This is one of the matters, wo suppose, that Mr. Menurrr considers the Democrats were elected to examine; if so, they havo but half performed their duty. Let us know, Messrs. Democrats, how honest the Republican Ad- ministrations have beon, Do not keep back tho truth for fear of hurting your party. ‘Tho failure of tho Itlinois House to act on the Intorest bill which passed the Senate by an unanimous vote a fortnight age, is seri. ously interfering with the loan market throughout the State. Our revenue laws doprive tho people of much of the capital they noed by lovying a tax of 8 or 4 per cent on the lender, which haa to be paid by tho borrower, and therefore discouraging tho saving of monoy for investinent. Bosides thia, the ambiguity in the usury Iaw, duc wholly to the inadvortence of tho compilers, as they themselves say, is now limiting the supply of lonns to the scanty stock of unused moncy owned in IWinois, Of course, tho di- minished supply sonds up the rate of interest. Tho bill now beforo the Houno simply corrects tho mistake of the compilors of the Revised Statutes, It should be passad forthwith, Wo trust the Logielaiure will pass the bill introdnced providing for anincroaseof Judges in the Superior Court of Cook County accord. ing to population, as authorized by the Con- stitution, Tho bill provides that ono Judgo shall bo added for every 60,000 inhabitants over and above 400,000 in Cook Connty, aa ascertained from the census, either State or National. This would only give us one more Judgo for the present, as wo have more than 450,000 inhabitants but less than 600,000, and we chall not have evon thia one until after the taking of a cengus, The value of the bill, howover, consists in the fact that, thers. after, thore will be a regular system for incronsing the Judges as thoy shall become necessary, Tho only question is, whether the proposed increngo is sufficiently largo to rolieve our courts of tho serious pressure of business which they now suffer, butit is all the Constitution permits. The only hope for tho final defont of tho infamous tax-grabbing, whisky-ring bill prased by tho Honso is that the difference of opinion among Senators a3 to the minor fea~ tures of the bill will so delay the measuro that there will be no time for an agreement botwoen the two Houses. But evon thishopo is frail and delusive. If tho differences snid to exist about tea ond coffee, matches, medi- eines, perfumery, bank-ohecks, ete,, should postpone the passage of tho bill in the Scn- ate even tothe Iast moment, thero will then be a frantic rush from all sides to compro- mise, and somo moensure will bo adopted which shalt certainly contain the 10 per cent incrense of the turiff on consumers and the whisky-steal. Those are the foundations of the whole scheme; and, to attain theso onds, hoth the interested parties—the tariff-ring of Now England nud Pennsylvania, and the whisky-ring of the Weat and South—will sac- ritivo all other preferences and prejudices, After n oontinnous session of twenty-nine hours, the Lower House of Congress, yoster- day afternoon, reached the Force bill, Tho Demoornts apparently gaoincd nothing by their various dilatory oxpodients unless it nity be considered @ triumph for them to havo the Republicans incapacitated for worl by shoor physical exhaustion. That is, wo venturo to say, & method of dofent- ing tho will of a majority which the patriot fathora never contomplat- ed, ‘Tho Ropublicans, having taken up the bill and allowed several amendments to be offered, adjournod tho House till to-day, If tho bill is finally amonded in the manner suggested by Mesara, Gannon and Hoa, it will uot be so objectionable o mensuro as at present; but its passage in that casu could not possibly bo considered worth tho while by radical Republicans, Gaxxow's amend. nent proposes te strike out the section allow- ing the suspension of the hadcas corpus, which is for tho most dangerous foature of the bill. ny ‘Tho decision of the Anglo-American Telo- graph Company to reduce tho cable-rate to 60 cents a word in gold after Moy 1 next, iu a very important one to the commercial public, aa well as tothe preag, on both continents. Tho publicoweit probably to the fact that thonow opposition cable is expected to be comploted and in oporation about that timo; and tho reduced rato will bo contiuucd until the now cable company shall have been taken into the cormbination, when it is Ukely the rate will bo increased again. Fifty cents in gold will bo just onc-lalg the present ex- orbitant rate; and, with a suflicent number of cables, moro money can bo made at that rate than when itis doubled, ‘Thé excuse mado for putting it back from tha former 50-ceut rate to 1a ward was tho breaking of two cables, and the alleged in- copacity of the Company to do the iucreased business attracted by the 60-cent rate with the other two cables, A curious illustration of the importance of reserving certain Goy- ernment rights in granting oharter privileges ig found in the fzot that, though the French THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: cable isin the monopoly, a dispatch may bo sent from Paris to New York at 75 conten word, that being tho highest rate pormitted under tho Fronch charter, while a dispatch from Liverpool to New York costs $1 2 word! ‘The Spriugficld dispatches stnto that tho Committee on Rovonue of the Senato have agreed to report n bill embodying the views advanced"in Sanntor Momixsoy’s resolution to exempt all credits and the capital stock of corporations from taxation. If tho Legiv- laturo has the wisdom to pass the proposed Dill, they will do moro for tho prosperity of tho State, tho revival of enterprise, and the relief of the dobtor classes than by any other which enn possibly bo devised, If they pass this bill, they will be fairly entitled to tho namo of “ Reformers," oven though they re- form nothing olso, and, whatever their other shortcomings may be, they can adjourn at the proper time with tho proud entisfaction that they have corrected a terrible blunder com- titted by a previous Legistnture ; and hnvo released capital and enterprise from a crush. ing woight ; and that they have dono moro to cheapen money in this State, retinco the rates of interest, introduce fresh capital from abroad, enable debtors to renow and extend mortgages at lower rates, than all the Legic- laturea which have gone before them in Mlinois, The Lower House of the Ohio Legislature has pnssed n bill providing for compulsory education, ‘he Ohio Democrats, apparently, do not think, as do many Democrats in Tiinols, that Ignornnea: is tho mother of Democracy, They aro willing ta risk the danger of having the rising goneration tanght toread, write, and cipher. We commend their example to the Democrats of the Illinois House, who have hitherto confined their educatioual offorts to the introduction of bills for keeping little ‘‘niggera” ignorant. So far, these subtlo schemes for making colored Demoernts have miscarried badly. It is not merely negative action that is wanted, however, Illinois should at once join the nine States, including the old Empire State, which now enforce the education of their youth. Tho needed lnw seemsto appall the Bonrbons, who are spend- ing $10,000 of the people's money every weels they stay at Springfield doing nothing. They seam to shudder at tho thonght of in- telligent constituencies, because such a con- stituoncy usually chooses an intelligent ropro- sentative. There's the rule, TWO NEW STATES, ‘The Houso bills proposing to admit Colora- do and New Mesico into the Union ns States were amonded in the Sonate on Wednesday, and then passed asamended. As they passed tho Sounte, these bills provide that, within ninety days after tho Ist of September, 1875, proclamation shall bo issued ordering an election for members of the Convention to frame a Constitution for the State, and that the lection to ratify or reject the Constitution shall be held in July, 1876, If the Constitu- tions be ratifled by the peoplo thoy will bo presented to Congress in Decembor, 1876, and, if they should be acceptable to Congress, the States will be sdmitted in the wintor of 1876!T, Substantially, tho actual sdmission of the States is postponed two yonrs. ‘The reacons for this postponement are, we think, correct, It will afford amplo time for tho people of cach of the new States to framoa carefully and well considered Constitution, It removes the questionof their admission from the oxcitement of tha Presidential election, as neither State is to bo admitted uutil after that olection, To admit thom before that date would be to giva to theso Btates six votes for President, an injustice to the country hardly excusable. . ‘These now Staten had in 1870 a population as follows: Now Mexico, 91,874, against 93,- 516 in 1860; and Colorado had 39,864, against 81,277 in 1860. It is proper, however, to say that betwren 1860 aud 1870 a portion of Now Mo.ico was attached to the Territory of Arizona. It is claimed that aince 1870 the population of both Territories, ospecially Colorado, has largely increasod, We suppose that New Mexico has obout 100,000, and Colorado, perhaps, 65,000, Tho voto of Colorado for Delegate to Congress last fall was 16,503, against 11,508 in 1870, which would indicate an incroaso of one-third, or 20,000 inhabitants, between 1870 nnd 1874, ‘Tho population required of an old State for 1 member of Congrcsa ia about 130,000; these new States, in addition to having » momber of Congress each, will avo tico Senators cach, and six votes for President. Whilo we insist that the incorporation of mero borongh States is on abuse which ought not to bo tolerated, the creation of these two borough States is perhaps but a fair offsot to those which aro pormanently established at tho East and South. Among the Eastern States nro Vermont, Now Hampshire, aad Rhode Island, Deleware, and Florida, These dive Statea have populations and Represonta- tives ay follows: Population, Hepa, 325,015 1 a 3 a se c= 1,178,907 ‘The State of Iowa, with 1,194,020 popula- tion, has but 9 Representatives, Towa has 11 votes for President, and theso five States with leas population have 21 votes for Presi- dont. The population of those five States may bé said to bo stationary, althongh Flor- ida shows signs of growth. Between 1860 and 1870 their incroaso was 11 per cont only, Against theso five Eastern horoughs we havo, at the West, Oregon, Novada, and Nebraska, ‘Theso States had in 1870 an oggregnto of 266,000 popnlation, But Nebraskn and Ore- gon have the clemonts of great States in the nenr future, Nebraska has doubled her popu. Intion since 1870, and will undoubtedly dou- Lia her present numbor by 1880, and Orogon will probably do the eame. Each, when developed to anything like its nuatu- ral capabilitica, will rank among the populous States, as they pouscaa tho area, the suil, the climate, and tho agri. cultural resources of great productive com- munities, and in 1880 Nebraska will rank for above any of those Eastern rivals, Nevada da the solo excoption, It is a moro sterile mass of rocks, und, except for its gold and ail- vor, has uo inducement for populution to go thither, Its population is uncertain, depond- ing on its mineral resources, and must always be numerically small, Now come New Mexico and Colorado, which for some time will be fair offusta for Rhode Ieland, Delaware, and Florida, Bat evonthese new States, cspo- cially Colorado, may become comparatively populous, We think it wrong in principle to ndmit any vew Stato to tho Union until it has the number of population requi. site to entitle it to at least one Representative in Congress, Tho present ratio is a very Uborel one. It wos found, whon apportioning the representation under the census of 1870, that to retain tho pre. vious number of Representatives, 240, would reduco the number of Reprosentatives of sevoral of tho smallor Enstorn States. ‘To save these, the whole numbor of Representa- tives was Increased to 292, luaving tho ratio of population nbout 130,000. Evon under this ratio Florida gots an extra member for a fraction of 51,000; Now IInmpshiro, for a fraction of 58,000; Vermont, for a fraction of 70,000; and Rhodo Island, for a fraction of 87,000, ‘Tho offact of this unoven apportion- mont of Reprevontatives is not xo wtriking, co far as the House is concerned; but it is peeulinrly severe in tha Senate aud jn tho Electoral Cotleye, whero each of theso liltle States haa two Sonators, ‘Tho organization of two new States opens an opportunity to that Inrgo class of advon- turous politicians who, failing in one placo, sock others whera promotion to power and placo is moro possible. Anamber of those who participated in tho troublous reorganiza- tion of Arkansas have already gono into New Mexico nnd Colorado. Reconstruction is over in all the Southern States. ‘There aro no more bonds to be voted, no moro grants and subsidies to be sold, no moro debts to be crented, no more offices to be held. Theso States have beon squeezed dry. The opening of two new States offers opportunities which that class of politicians aro not likely to over- look. THE FIRST CAQE UNDER THE GAG-LAW. Feb. 19, 1874, Avoustus C.. Burnt, who was then the Washington correspondent of the St. Louis J2epublican aud Detroit. Hree Press, wrote a dispatch to the Free Preas, on the information of a Committeo Olerk, in which he asserted that Senator Snrniray hod had to take Cuaxpter out of the Senate on acconnt of the latter's * beastly intoxication.” Cuanpien had tho case brought before the Grand Jury of tho District of Columbia, which indicted Burin for libel, under tho law of Jon, 22, 1874, botter known as tho Poranp “gng-law.” Tho alleged libol, be it romemberod, had not been published in tho District, but in Michigan, Burn left Wash- ington before he could be arrested, and has sinco lived in St, Louls, The proceedings against him have been rovived just in timo to show the absurdity of the recent roport by tho Senate Committeo that the gag-law is o harmless, rightful act. Tho United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri colebrated Wasurna- ton’s birthday by lodging o bill of informn- tion against Buety, ‘The Inttor wan accord. ingly arrested on a warrant issued by United States Commissioner Crarne. It was aftor- wards agroed between the two attorneys en- gaged that this should bo mado a test-case. ‘fhe Commissioner therefore issued a formal order for the transfer of tho prisoner to tho Morshal of tho District of Columbia. Burn’s lawyor got a writ of habeas corpus from the United States District Court, Judge Saucy Tnuat, who will thoroforo pass upon tho constitutional points involved in tho law, which haa already sont ita authors into ra- tirement, nnd deserves to follow them itself, It is sold that oan appeal will bo taken to Cirouit} Judge Ditton by the defeated party, whoover wins, At presont, tho caso stands under the title: United States ts. Avaustos C. Buxrt, Ono man is fighting for tho liberty of tho press against the laws of Congress, Therocan bo small doubt of the issue, If the law which proscribes freo apeoch is constitutional, the law will bo re- pealed. If itis unconstitutional, the courts will so declare it, and will sot the prisoner froo. It matters not, so far as this procending is concerned, whether Buxis's letter was or was not libelous, If it was, the proper placo to proseoute was where tho libol was pub- lished. Tho indictment should have been found and tho sult brought in Detroit, and the J?ree Press should have beon mado tho dofendant. Thero can bo no exouso for tha attompt to arrest mon in the District of Columbia for an offenso committed o thon- sand miles away, and to try him bofore a | jury of subsorviont plnce-seekers, Tho sym- “pathy of tho people willbe with Burz. in his iight for personal and prees freedom. A con- temporary puts the caso in this light: Ought the truth or falschood of an alloged nowspaper Ubel against a Government officer or piace-holder, aud the motive, and the damages, to be judged of bya court of the Diatrict of Columbia, which is the croa- ture of auch officera; bys court of which the jurios might bosummoned and packed by an officer owing his placoto the appoals of Congrosumen and the favor of tho Prosident; by a court of which tha Jurors with: out packing would comprise placs-lolders under the Government, atrangers to tho defendant, employes of tho plaintifr, romovablo on the morrow of a righteous verdict by appeals tu Congreovnen, Cabinet ofticers, or Prosident, or District Bous Snzruxups? Oughta jury of Washtugton clorks, placo-lolders, and purveyors to edit the American press, and bo the judges of the truth or falschood of yhat 18 published concorning tho people's servants at Wuatington? TRE POLITICS OF THE SOUTII, In Monday's issue of Tz Lninuxc a ‘etter was printed from a gentleman in Virginia who oxercisos an important influenco in Southern politics, and who, during the War of the Rebellion, held a highly responsible position in the Confedornte service and mnde the Union army o great deal of trouble, This letter, taken in connection with the letter from Mr, Lnonrow Werp, the Nestor of American politics, which was printed in Tues. dny'o issue, enggests some very importnot considerations relative to the political situn- tion in the South, Tho writer of the first lot ter strongly advocntes the divinion of the negro voto between the two political partics, asa better security for tholr rights than any legielation Congress can devise, The writer Bay Tie et is, the negro organization in tho South ts already Atsrupted, and the nogro voto will nover be a unit again, Tho feur of being remauded into slavery, which formerly unified tte negroce, has been dis polled; ao have ell thehorce of “40 ecros oud tho toute.” ‘The nogro, hereafter, in going to be con- trolled by bis immediate pesional iutcrest in voting, ‘Tho stzongost local tntluouces will hereafter vontrol lis vote, It is owing to this fact that tho Republican vote in the South Las been co materially ro- duced, Intimidation may heve had some offect in certain scctionn, but tho loss is prin. clpally owing to the truth thet the negro has bocome a “freo Janos” In politics, ond fs voting according to his own will and pleas- ure, Mr. Tovarow Wren, in his thoughtfal let- ter, after showing that the “third torm” has been o trop invented by the Democrats, and into which the Republican party has fallon, ‘ond that reconstruction ja the only difficult problem loft to bo sclved, makes a suggostion which is worthy of considcralion, both as a means of restoring harmony, poaco, and or- dcrin the South, and of purifying the no- tional politics, Tfisromedy is tho restoration of tho old Whig party or the Nationel Sover- elgnty party in the South, as opposed to the Stateu Sovercignty or Democratic party. Thero can be no doubt that tho restoration of that party would bo a blessing to the Sonth and would arouse a stronger attachmont to tho Goteroment, and would fona a barrior agaluut FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1875. rr a ee | tho dangerous ultraism and tho destructive aggressions of the Southern Btate-Rights men, who now find no obstacle In the way of thoir purposes, Tho old National-Sovoroignty Whig party of the South was firmly devoted to tho Union, and for yonrs it opposed and curbed the violent efforts of the Disunion Domoerney to precipitate a collision between tho North and the South, It is only necossary to montion the names of such men as Henny Cray, Wirarast C. Prrston, Joun J. Cntrrenpen, linn. etn (Rayxor, Jonn Tartarenno, Jorn Mixon Borts, Tnostas Burern Kix, Jamrs ‘T. Monensan, Parson Browsrow, Muneprtit P, Gentry, Sonntor Crayton, and other leaders, to recall the eminent acrvicos rendered by this parly to tho country. When tho War of Secession broke out, nob one of them then alive went into it willingly, aud most of them were forced in, those rofusing to go in being mate to suffer for it. ‘Thoro ia hope for the South in the restora. tion of this National Soverciguty party, to oppose the State-Rights Disunion party, and such an organization would also sottle and harmonizo the negro voto. It is dally becom. ing moro impossible and less necessary to control the negro vote or to concentrate it in the hands of nny one party. ‘The negro has lost much his former suporstitions about voting, and the foar of re-onslavement is slowly passing from his mind. If the two great parties of the South wore once mora opposed to cach other on their natural lines of division, the negro voto would divide itsolf pretty aqually betwoon the two, nnd tho negro would thus sceure moro porfect pro- tection aud safety in his rights than he cou havo in a color-line organization or fighting alone as a third party, with no one to protect him, Both theso lettors contain ample material for consideration, and both ought to receive more then pasaing attention if thero aro mon enongh in the oxisting parties who can sink partisnuship long onough to give any important question consideration. WHO PAYS THE DUTYP Tlonacs Maynann, in speaking on tho Tax Dill just passed in the Houso, said ho was in favor of rotnining tho clause adding 10 por cent to tho tariff on all manufactured articles “‘beenuso the foreign mnnufacturer paid the duty"! It is diffcuit to conceive how o sano man of largo publia experience and sufficient intelligenco to secure a sentin Congross enn commit so egregious and absurd a blunder. It is fondamental principle of political economy, justified fully by the experience of all countries and nges, and really axiomatic in its nature, that tho cunsumer always pays tho tax, This applies cqually to ns tariff or an excise tax; if anything, moro strictly and uniformly to the formor than tho latter, A homo tax may possibly be borno in part by tho producer, sinco tho tax may be eo largo os to matorially nffoct the amount of consumption, aud ho may be obliged to lower ‘his price, by as- suming a prorortion of the tax, in order to dispose of his stock; either this or to reduca the amount of production, But this rulo could only apply to a for mavket in the almost impossible caso of tha consumption of its surplus products or manufacture by a singlo foreign nation; that is, no part of any particular product being sold at home or to any other foreign country. So far from this being tho case in tho relations of tho United States to foreign markets, our average con- sumption of the whole lino of imports does not exceed 8 or 10 per cent of the surplus commodities which other nations produce for sale. From some countries, such os Cuba and Qanadn, we purchase n large per cent of their surplus exportable products, whilo from others, like Russia or Austria, wo buy but very little; while from countrics like Ger- many, Franco, and Englend, wo purchaso about 6 ar 6 per cont of the firat named, 8 or 10 of the second, and 14 or 16 of tho latter, of their stock of products which are sold abroad. Honco we could only affect tho price of foreign goods at the point of production a small per cent at tho most, and this only by cutting off our importations altogether, But, in this cnse, wo should not enjoy any of the benefit of the decline in price, since we would {nil o buy anything, aud ovr prices would conform to tho amount of the supply at home, A prohibitory tariff is tho pro- ciso opposite of free-trade. Under tho former, prices rule at the highost; under the latter, at (ho lowest, Tho essential advantago of tho Iatter is that, while we got lower prices for our products, wo can find a foreign market to dispose of them, and can exchange what we produco for the products of other countries at tho highest market rate; while, under n prohibitory system, wo would buy nothing from abroad, we would also soll nothing abroad, oxcept what tho for- oign consumers could find nowhore else; and we simply would livo upon ono another at high prices, and reduce owr weelth instead of adding to it, by oxchanging our surplus which wo did not need for products of theira which we did need. Tho simple fact is, that, under our tariff, the American consumer pays tho current prico of tho foraign market as fixed by tho general law of supply and demand, In ad- dition thereto ho pays all the costs of trans- portation, hendling, exchange, conmnissions, profits of middlemon, and the tariff’, and the middleman's profits on tho tariff charges, none of which is or can be borne by tho foroign producer or manufacturer, who parts with his goody at homo end at tho sanie price at which ho solls to otor buyers in the open imarket. We can best illustrate tho natural course by the supposed purchaso of a single imported article, on which thero is a duty of &O per cont in this country, and which costs $100 in London, We purchaso the article of tho rotailor aftor it bas passed through oll the yarioua stages throngh which it necossarily passes before reaching the consuimer,. We havo, then, the following items in the cost to tho consumer ; j Ortylnal cost In London. Loring, cartage, i608, co thereon, cost in ‘Transportation to Nei ual vont in London. Lmporter’s profit thereon, 10 per ceDtesss sores Sobber'a profit thereon, 10 per cant...+6, Ratsilar’s profit thoroon, including cost of mene portation to poiut of coumumplion, 25 yer cent 60,¢0 Total cost to consumer In GOld.ssereeve 0 S250.89 Thus, under a 50 per cunt tariff, tho cost of an fmported article worth 100 aot the point of production or purchase iv more than two und oe half times aa much to tho consumer hero, a3 9 result of o high tarlf; if we count in the depreciation of our money, tho cost is incroazod iu proportion to the ainount of do- prociation, It will bo dificult, however, for Mr, Maxwanp or any othor mun to point ont what part of this enormous {narcaso fe paid by the foreign manufacturer; it ly purfeotly apparont at overy step that tho increased cost of cach ftom fs paid by the consumer, Tho prohivitionisis nro mecting with some serious set-backs in tha East, Some timo ago, Pennsylvanian got near enough prohibi- tion—which consists in telling uine men they shall not drink temperately in order to keep atenth man from drinking Intomporntely—to adopt o *local-option” Iaw, which allows } subdivisions of the State, counties, cities, nnd townships to pass prohibitory laws on their own account, A bill to reponl this local-option measure lins just passed the Ponnsylvania House by more than n two- thirds majority,—148 to 66. Massnchuseits has tried tho policy of prohibition very fully and sovorcly and with vory poor results, for some yenrs past, At Inst the ‘nino men” have grown tired of intorferenco with their testos for the sake of forcing the tonth man to keop sober, ond the House has dropped down to Iccal-option. Tho Bay State will therefore soon take the position which the Keystone State in just about to abandon. Aflur trying that awhile, it wilt ‘probably follow tho Intter's examplo, and abandon local-option too, Mnking men mioral or abstinont by statute has not proven as nuccessful as ita advocates fondly hoped, Statutory prohibition is the good, Inzy man’a scheme, It is dificult to persuade men to curb their appetites nnd stop drinking every kind of stimulant, ond therefore tho ministers, and deacons, od Good Sa- maritnns, ond impatient moral reformers imposod the job on tho Biante, and substitute force for porsuasion, » constablo's club fora logical argument. Pounding self-restraint into a man's head with a stick han not been found effectual. Christinn men aro bogin- ing to sco that intempernte mon can only bo reformed as sinners aro converted from their ovil ways,—by persuasion, oxhortation, argu- mont, kindness, good example, and contin- ual, zenlous effort, ‘Che ‘reformed drunk. ards” who cut so Inrge a figure on tho absti- nenco platform some ycnrs ngo wero none of thom reformed by prohibitory Inws. The agreeable nows comes from Louisiana that the Conservatives lave ngroed to adopt Congrassman Wure.en’s compromise, and that ‘ Kzntooa is working hard to carry out the proposition.” As it only xequires five Republican voles in the Houso to give itn majority in that body, there seems little doubt that it will bo consummated. That our readers may havo a clear ideo of tho sit. untion, wo restate tho substantial points of tho compromise, In this proposition, which was drown upon the 7th inst, by Mr, Waex.rr, the mombors of the Conservative party who claim that their cortificates of election wero withheld by tho Returning Board agree to sub- mit thoir claims to the award and arbitration of Messra, Hoan, Wirxtern, Faye, and Man- SHALL, threa Republicans and one Democrat, und to abide by that award, and in this agreo- ment the Senators claiming to have been elected from tho Eighth and Twenty-second Districts also joined, Apponded to the prop- osition wag a joint resolution which the Con- servatives and tho alloged elected mombers, if they wero scated, bound themselves to pass, This resolution provided that tho As- sembly would not disturb the presont State Government, or impench the Governor for any past acta, and that the House of Repre- wontatives, as constituted by tho award of tha Committco, shall remain unchanged, oxcopt by resignation or death of members, until o new general olection, This proposition vir- tually covers tho points already mado by the Committee of Investigation, all of whom agreo in the fact that the action of tho Returning Borsd was illegal, and that the members do- prived of sonts by it should bo replaced in their rights ; whilo the majority of the Com- mitteo, Sout of 7, Porrer ond Manrsmann alone digsonting, report in favor of the recognition of Krizoaa antil the expiration of his term of service. Unless that wretched, reckless, partisanship which bas so often characterized Loufeiann politics onca more interferos, there {is hopo at Inst for that afflicted caso. Tho light sooms to ba break. ing, Tho majority report of the Louisiana In- vestigating Committee brings ont some inter- esting facts relative to the white and colored vote of that State. Tho late registration showed an excess of the colored over tho whito voters, giving 90,781 colored to 76,823. white, That this registration was incorrect is exhibited by tho census reports, ‘I'he can- gus of 1870, which is accopted 2s correct, shows that in that year there wore in Louis. jana 87,076 white moles ond 86,913 colored inalos over 21 years of age, and yet tho regis- tration of colored votora exceeded by 4,000the total number of adult males returned by the consus, while the registration of white voters was 10,000 less. Tho assumption that this can bo correct is altogether too violent for beliof, and would invelvo the most astonish. ing fecundity upon tho part of tho colored race, which if not restrained would in a very short timo overrun tho State with colored voters, As thero has been no change in tho proportion of the whito and colored popula- tion, how tho colored population could in- creaso its voters 4,000, and tho white population diminish its: voters 10,000, when cach raco wan oqual in num- bor, is o mathematical problem which might puzzle Evcuip himself to solve, There can bo no doubt that the Committeo are right ax regards this rogistration, ‘The incroase of tho colored voto my bo partly nc. counted for on tho grounds that many of tho negroes lmow not oxactly their own ages, and that o colored boy of 18 or 19 can bo ensily porsuaded that he is 21 by avy design. ing person, ‘Ihe foots ollelted by the Com. mittee show that the Consorvatives were right in the point thoy mnde, thet tho rogis. tration was incorrect, It is inconceivable that it shonld bo otherwiso to tho oxtont that yas claimed, The completo fizzle mada by the Commun. ista yesterday, so for oa their original purpose, of a riotous demonstration fs concerned, may be directly attributed to tho proparations of the polico and military to meot and crush any mob attack they might make on tho Re- Nef Sooloty'’s building. This fact should sug. gest to tho substantial business men of this city to contribute at once all the fands neces. gary to tho proper uniforming, drill, ond equipment of the regiment of volunteors al. ready organized. They should do overything in thelr power to encourage tho rapid filling. up of this regiment to its fnll quota, Qur German and Irish follow-citizens should also vio with cach other in filling the ranks of ‘thoir compnnics with tho vory best ropresontstives of their na- tionallly among the young men. With this regiment and the Indepondent companies alroady formed but not filled up, Chicago will onjoy a constaut protection against the law. Jessness of Communism and tho overt at- ‘tacks of the vicious and oriminal Thoro fs no thine whon a city ns largo ea Chi. engo is freo from the danger of on outbreak among-the dangerous classes which the Policg may not be abla to overcome. With an or. ganized, drilled, respectable, and loyal regi. iment, made up from the various nationalities of the best young mon, wo may always bo comparatively safe from mob violenco, And in condition to suppress it if it comes. ‘The mauifest advantage of the milltary companies 80 rocently organized should induce our property classes to logo no timo in giving such encourngemont and donaling such moncy a3 may bo necosanry to the rapid completion of the military organizations, Down in Springfield, in the Legistature Mrenurrrt has had 9 mournfnl time in his hunt for Ropublican ‘oxtravagance.” = Mrnnirr isa Reformer, and this being the first hunt for a reform during tho seasion, Mrrnrrr started off with dying colors and musie by tho full Reform band, but had not gone far before hig ron upon 8 song, anit tho whole craft wont under, colors, intteic, Mennrrr, andl all, Thy “ntenls” which ho had charged upon the Republican party wera found to be good ol. fashioned Democratic stonls, ‘The stent under Gov, Yarra’ adtinistration was found to bg an appropriation made by the Coprer. head” Legislature, aud so on, Merntrr's doom was senled by Jones, of Jo Daviens, who served notice upon Mennrr that if the Reformers did not como to business, and stop this nonsense of trying ty hunt up alleged Republican “ stenls,"hewould stir up Demcerntio ateala enough “to make thai all hold their noses." ‘Lhe notice way effectual. Menmirr subsided, nll tho Ie formers subsided, the music ceased, and tho House then resumed business. ‘hus ended tho first attempt of tho Reformers to expose imaginary Republican abuses. In snch on attempt there must bo a martyr, and perhopg it wos a3 well for Menntrr to be tho martyr as any ono olse. Now that this farce is over, will tho Legislature quit buncombe and at. tend to business? If nol, then lot tho Sonate certify to the Governor that thero is causefor a prorogation, nnd lot him send tho Reform ineapnbles home, Unloss tho Legislature passes Mr. Boavr's Bank Inspection bill, or some other retaining all its essential provisions es to the examina. tion and reports of banking institutions or. ganized under the State law, it will bo much bettor not to pass any law whatever. It would imply maken bad matter worse to pass a law favorable to these banking inatitu. tions, aud not calculated to bring out a periodical exhibit of their actual condition, Without any law whatever on tho savicya banks and private banks, prndent peoplo will exercise their own judgment, ani inte sone cara to ascertain for themselves tho secw ity offered for tho safo-keeping of thcir depor:ts, If it goes forth, on the other hand, that aiaw has been passed, and this law fails to aford the protection the people ought to have, it ‘will simply bo a new menus of doceiving tho public, especially the working classes, and fostering a certain clan of savings banks that ought to be wiped out of existence, It will be obtnining mouoy under false pre. tenses, to which the State will be madon party. Let thoro be « rigid system cf in- spoction or none at ail, The sound and well. managed savings banks should ingist on the enactment of such a bill as Boous's, CONTEMPT FOR HUMAN LIFE Tho public aro aurprised that Justice Keun ehould uave treated so lightly the si:cot.ng-af. fair which ovcurred at a Woat Sido theatre Tuosdny nightiast. A follow named Binet, who waa wad to bo “half drank," occrpied s goat in tho parquot, in tho roar of tho orchestra. In tho early part of the evening he had a woman with Lim, but tho latter wont out alone iu the middle of the porformanco. Shortly aftur, Pane NerT pulled out arovolvor and firod. Tho bill passed over a seat in front ¢f him which had been yocated a moment te fore, whizzed by tho hond of tthe leader of tho orchestra, and lodged in tie piano standing boforo him. Banxerr was nrrestcd, pretended to be ina sort of maudlin condition, ‘but was heard to esy that “ho wagu't 6) bloody Partioular ag to who ho hit.” Wednesday morn ing the fellow was brought up before Justis Bcouxy, and confesnod tho facty ns statsd, ‘Tho Juytice first fixed a floc of 100 aud rantenced Danvetr toelx monthsin tho Bridawell; hutafter- warde, at tho solicitation of somo of Lanscrt'é frieuda, allowed himself to be persuaded to modily the gentonco to thirty daya in tue Bride woll! Dapyert can boy off this term, ag we on dorstand it, for €16, at tho rogular Brivewell commutation rates. Tho not result of tha pro coedings, iu that case, is that it only co.ts €15 to enjoy tho luxury of shooting inti — cresdin w thontro, or at somo paiticalar jsracu iv caso nobody is hit. Some peuple will coustroc this to bo a sort of judicial exconrages mont of tho practico of carrying concealed weapons, and blazing away ata crowd whonover a loafor bas onough whisky in Lim to oujoy that wort of amusoment, It was manifostly the daty of Juatice Scuttr to hold thia Dauner for trial before tha Crim: inal Court on tho charge ot au asssu's with & deadly woapon with iutont to kill, Whea be mado the remark that “ho wasn’t so bloody p3t- tieular who ho bit,” he mado s docluration of intent which would have held him for man- slaughter if he had killed anybody, Tho fact that no did not kill somebody wan pnroty acl doutal, He shot in a Huo likely to kill some body, and etther with the purpose of killing some particular porson, or, a8 ho professed, not cst ing whom he kiliod, Thers is not a couutty in tho world excopt ours where an offense of this nature, so dangerous ta tho ssfcty of the ganoral public, would not havo beon vielied with tho voverest punishment, ‘iho man ought to have boou sont to tho Penityntlary. ‘Tho eanctl- ty of human life ia too lightly regarded among ua ot the best, andtho ready use of dosdly woapong is oncouraged bg tho failure of the authorities to mako such bso dangerous, evel whon not accompanied by fatal results, It #49 no foult of thia fellow Banwerr that nobody ws killod or woundod. Avagenoral rule, Justice Scurny metes ont proper punisumene in hia Court; but in this cas his beat frionds confess that he committod & gtavo error when ho allowod bimsalt to be per soaded to change his original judgmen, which was very mild whon the megaitue of the ol/ond? fu conaiderad, a How can Judge Gronox G. Suanven e!t uror the judicial bench and dotiberately give Juda ment sgainst thogo poor, allly sisters. the Butrus, of Glastonbnry ? ‘Thoy aro cortainly to be pitied more than blamed for thelr ridiculous folly in standing up agniout the laws of the country, but so long as they combat the laws they muat tako the consoquoncos, ‘The Inst do- ciuion given plunged thom lower than ever. Zho Town Collector teviod upon « pleco of real estate owned by thom, and sold it fr ta es amounting to @70, A Glastonbury Jue tee decided that tho eate of, land wa iMegal, a2 tho Collector should havo levied 1poH the personal proporty of tha sisters. yhe cae wey thereupon appealed to Judgo Bosnee> of tho Court of Common Ploas, who roveruct the decialon of tho Justice, and hold that the pro covdings of the Collector werolawtul, ‘The poor old ladics lost their cows and gained nouns but the sympathy of the euffrego sistorh -0d. Now they will doubtless loso thoir laud, end a wepald in nothing ut pity and derision. 1