Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 25, 1875, Page 4

. well worth renling, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OF BURECRIPTION (PATANLE TH ADVARCR), Propald nt thie Ofice. ‘To prevent delay aud mistaker, be eure and girs Post. ‘Ofice address in fall, tnoluding Btate and Connty, Roru!:tancesmay bemade eithorby draft, express, Pott Offce order, or in regtetered letters, at our risk, ‘TERME TO CITY BUDACRINENS. Dally, delivered, Bunday excepted, 26 conta per week Daily, delivered, Bondey Incinded, BO conta por weok THE TRIBUNE UOMP, TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. DEIY OF MUSIO—italsted nteeat. betwen Mads a OAT arco. Regegement of Hvank Obantran, Tne Oeiaran.” PVIOKKR'S THEATRA—BMadizor street, betweon Paey oer States Hagagemont of Charlotte Ouahimen. ** Lady Macbeth.” ADELPHI THRATRR—Dearhor street, corner Mon- ETE THEATRE pentine livedlars.™ -TOUSR—Clark street, eppostte pees eteer fnOe Toone Biinatrels: "Prom: com A F—Randotph atrest, between eer bale Dora and “Genny Lad. MYSRUA— Monroe street, Dee ation Vitoret Too Late Ses and eroniug. ‘betwoen Dear- afternoon “SOCIETY MEETINGS. NOME LODOR, NO. 416, I, 0.0, F.—Bpoctal meet- png this (Courdéy) eroulng fat, the Sransse ya a portaat busiiess, Tho tombers ara roc . de G, BURGHOFERT, = oe oe Gs Cording Secretary. ———— “BUSINESS NOTICES. Wp MEAN ATL te BAY,—VOLL SET BEST GUI , 4 ey rotanded, RIE Eat the Gaual rates, MCCHINGNRY, s3CInr Eat. N FLORA. ‘The annered certileste, soluutarily tarnished by ao roany of the prominant, citizont of Weukezan, shows Clearly the recand ip whieh sho Cleo Flora water 1s he ‘by those who aro wall situated to kaow whicroof taer ince WaURwoay, My Yel + We, the undertiqnod, citlzons of Wankeg: having ‘been clo-s oussrvars ci tho eifec' Viera Minoral, Watur on ourselvos ani yea nimending ita us Bpelugs te bo anions Tn all ‘the haalth-ro- atoring quaiiiios ws then is) of any Miners) Bprings ta the world. Wa are pareaully acqualuced with a larga ntimber of tho person whoen qgttidaatee nnd tra tmoaials ars jirosouted. and can suy thoy aro entitied to {un araateet credit aud respectability, Many of the curgs perlormed arp within our personal knowledge, SOHNE, TURNER, Ginny Judge. W.AL. MEATS, County Cloris Wi J. LUG, riz Gizoult Court, 0, G, BULL, if, Lane County, W. 8. WERDEN, atur of Wankogan, DAWIGL BREW AIL Oity Clork. FLINS, City Treasurer. i rent Uy 8, Exprosa Co. ie {'S, Honiton Surgoos. na ‘ter. ist Nav Bok, Wankegan. Pad tent i The Cheags Cabane. Thursday Morning, Fobruary 25, 1875, Mr. Ganrrexp intimated yesterday that the redaction made on all the Appropriation bills from Jast year's expenditures will be about $7,000,000. If tho facta should bear him out when all the bills are finally passed, he will have a tolerably complete anawer to the Democratic assertion, that the reduetions of Iast year were only apparent, and mado solely for political effect. Gen. Burin myggested to the Democratic mombers of tho Lower Houso yesterday that thoy should imputch Attornoy-Genoral Witt. Iams, ond stop blockguasding him. Objec- tions to blackgunrding do not come with ox coodingly good gxaco from Gen. Burzen. It must bo said, however, that the Democrats in tho Lower House aro just now making a good deol moro noiso than is either necessary or decent, and thas some of their attacks upon Attorney-General Wins ore vulgar and malicious, An intoresting statemont in behalf of tho ‘Wisconsin wilroad companies is published this morning in tho dopartment of railroad news. Representatives of five leading ronds unite in it. They disclaim evor having on- tortained tho hope of securing a repeal of the Jaw at thiy session; and say that their posi- tion from ‘first to Inst has beon to get as fa- vorablo legislation as possible in mitigation of the hard¥hips of the low. The statemont is ‘Tho b ills for tho admission of Colorado and New Mexico as States woro pasued yosterday by the Slenatce. The votes in both cases wore largely for the bills, only thirteen Senotors yoting against the admission of Colorado and only cloven against the admission of New ‘Mexico. Tho bills parsed the Houso lost year by more than a two-thirds vote, and it is tvelieved that body will readily concur in tho ‘Sonato amendmonts, The objections whid Taz Toinuxeg hos at yorious times of- feresl to the admission of these Territories aa Btal.os wo still hold to and insist upon, . ‘The Lower House of tho Dlinois Legis- lature roally did some work yesterday, being frightened into its duty by the suggestion of prorogation contained in Senator Sreenn’s resolutions, At the same time, Mr. Mxnrrrr boastfully proclaimed that tho Democrats wero not in Springfield to do anything, but to examino what has beon dono, Why, then, did tho Democrats stultify them- selvea yosterday by trancacting business ? ‘Tho speech of Representative Jonza in reply. to Mennrrr is one of tho most trenchant answers to the virtuous asaamptions of the Democratic party in Miinois that has come from any quarter for a Jong time, At the annual meoting of the stockholders of the Ohicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad yestorday, Mears, Janus I’, Jox nud Joun A. Buanna, candidates for re-clection to tho Board of Directors, wore dofeated ; and the entire ticket, with one exception, presented by the Fonnrs-Guisworp party was electod, Mr. Joy has been prominent in the management of the SBarlington Road for twenty-five years; and his enforced retirement from it is, in tho opinion of his friends, almost aa injurious to the interes ts of the road as to himself. Tho immediate if not the solo onuse of his re- moval was the revelation recently made in ro- spect to the existence of a Credit Mobilior in the managoment of two Iowa roads leased by the Burllngton & Quincy, When tho alleged focts wero made known to certain of the stockholders, they felt It to bea duty to so- oure @ chango in the management of tho roxd, The Chicago produce markots were gon- erally weak yesterday, Mess pork was ac- tive aud 121-20 per brl lower, closing at 17.95 cash, snd 18,27 1-2@18,30 for April. Lard was active, and 16@200 per 100 ths lower, closing at $19.15 cash, and 813.05@ 18,87 1-3 for April. Meats were quiet and a shade easier, at 0 1-20 for shoulders, 9 1-20 for short ribs, and 9 8-40 for short cleara, Dressed hogs wero quict and stondier, clos. ing at €7.f0@7.90 por 190 tba, Highwines were quist and irregular at $1.08@1.10 por gellon. Flour was quiet and firm. Wheat wos aotive, and Ic lower, closing at 84 1-80 caah, and 85 5-80 {ot April, Corn was ac. tive, and 1-2@)3-40 lower, closing at 63 1-2 oooh, and 70 8-40 for Moy. Oats were mod. erately active, and 8-80 lower, closing at 530 for Februnry and 420-40 for March. Ryo wos dull nnd nominally onsier, at 98 1-2@ 990. Barley was quiet and firm, closing at $1.08 for March and $1.05 for April. Hogs ‘wera moro active and steadier, Onttle and shoop were dull and ensie A special dispatch from Ln Crosso, the home of the Hon. Anxovs Casmnox, United Stator Sonator-elect, says the impression pro- vaile there that he will not go into the Repub- lican caucus, but will act with the Indopend- ents, This statement docs not desorvo much confidence, Mr, Oasrenon haa always noted with the Ropublican party; he wasolect- ed asn Ropublican, by Republican votes, Mora- over, all recont reports, with one exception, havo represented him as being unswervingly devoted to Republican principles, Thoro is no good renson why ho should retusa to go into a Republican eancus, though he might, under certain contingencies, refuse to bo bound by its a . —_—_—_—_—_—= Pending the discussion of tho Tax bill on 'Tuoaday, Mr. Corton, of Town, proposed that ten should be taxed 10 conts.a pound and coffee 2cantsa pound, justtwo-thirds of the tax which was repented two years ago. This tax would have yielded n pure revenue of from 312,000,- 0N0 to $14,000,000 n year without affording a ponny of * protection " to any class or any. body, but the proposition received only thirty. fivo yotes, Shortly after refusing to put any tax on ten and coffec, the same poople voted to incronse the present tax on sugar 25 per cont. Now wo would ask any momber of Congress who voted against taxing toa and coffee ot all, and in favor of increasing an already high tar on sugar, to write usolotter setting forth his reasons for this discrimination, Wo are asked constantly, and confexs our inability to auswer, Bugar is one of the prime necessn- ries of life, a8 much go ag salt, and already paya a high tax, Tea and coffeo nre among the luxuries and mild stimulants, by no means indispongable, and aro not taxod at all, Now why should sagar be taxed still moro, nnd tea and coffeo continue to pay nothing? Can it be because there is.n little bit of a “protection” grab in sugar, nud none what- ever in ten and coffec? Wo await a reply from any of the gentlemen who voted in favor of incrensing the sugar tax, and against oll taxation of tea and coffee. THE CONGRESSIONAL TAX-OERAB BILL, ‘The final success of tho Tax-Grab bill in tho House of Congress, after having beon practically defeated, was o victory of tho New England, Pennsylvanin, ond Eastern tax-grabbers over the tax-payers of tho West. ern and Southern States. It waso defent of tho majority by tho minority. It wasn be- trayal of the interests of the agricultural classes, the Inboring classes, the unprotected productive clnscce, amounting to nine-tenths of the whole tax-payiug community, into the hands of one-tenth, composed of the pro- tected, pampered classes. It was the con- summation of a scheme to exact 836,000,000 of taxation, ‘two-thirds of which will be paid by the West and South, and to put $40,000,- 000 into the pockets of the Pennsylvania, New England, and Eastern manufacturers, tllof which will be paid by the South and West. The peoplo of New England, Penn- sylvanin, and the East graciously consent to pay $12,000,000 inoressed taxation in order that they may enjoy $40,000,000 incrensed profits, They make a clear $28,- 000,000 by the operation. In ordor to enable them to do this, the people of tho West and South are required to pay $64,000,000 a year,—$24,000,000 to the Government and 40,000,000 to the manufoctarers in the shape of increased price of goods, The mystery is how, in time of perfect peace and undor the pressure of no gront public emergency, the ropresentatives of tho masses wost of the Allegheny Mountains could have pormitted tho represontatives of the select classes cast of the Allegheny Moun- tains to overcome them. Tho bill was onco defeated by the voting of an amondmont fix- ing a tax on incomes, whereby Now England, Ponnsylvania, and the other protected States, would havo been obliged to pay something like a fair proportion of the incroased taxn- tion, Theronpon the Now England, Penn- sylvania, and Eastern representatives de- serted in a body, ond Mr. Dawes withdrew his bill, But he came back soon after with another, retaining all the objectionable fontures of tho first, but throwing out a bnit to the raprosontatives of the whisky speculators. Had all tho Western and Bouthern members beon sincere, oarnest, and alert, thoy might hove defeated the seo ond bill by simply insisting upon tho incomo tax. Tho attornoys of the New England, Ponusylvania, New York, and Now Jersey capitalists would have fled as procipitately as before ; for this would havo beona just and oquitablo division of the increased taxotion, which is not what the Enstcrn people want, Instoad of doing this, they were caught by Mr. Dawes’ shrowd devica of raising tho whisky tax 20 conta and imposing no tax on whisky on hond. ‘To enablo the whisky spec- ulators to take advantage of thie glorious op- portunity for money-making,—to pormitthem to make somo $6,000,000 or $7,000,000 on tho rise of whisky on hand,—tho traitors to tho interests of the Wostern and Southern people incroased thelr burdens $04,000,000 o yoar, Tho men who voted in this caso against tho interests of their constituencies are herenamod. Of the 123 voting in favor of the bill, 86 were Weater’d members and 24 from the South, The Wesrn mombere wore as follows: Wisconain, Michigan, Ohi, Barbor, Burrows, Robinson, Maxelton, Bogule, Bunty, Tusk, Gunger, Duuforth, Bayer, Fish, Garfatd, NeDil, Foster, Monro. Willlasoa, Hubbell, Waldron, Widiauns, Minnesota, Minos Averill, AEM, Cobb, Hawley, Lows, indiana, loca, Nebraska. 1, Kasson, Orounse—39, Shanks, McCrary, 'yuer, Ore, Caan. ‘Witton, ‘Tho members from the Sonthern States who voted for the New England and Ponngyl- vonia tax-grabbors and tho whisly-ring are as follows: Musissgrt Tennessee, South Carding, Barry, Tarrison, Ralnoy, pire Sfayaira, Grrpent A : Thorauurgh, — Wallscar”? Louwiona, Alabama. Weat Virgania, Darrell, Bspler, Bayans, Bhaide Whites monte” job, . mas, Bwith, Geargla, Bhevourt, sypher, Froomas, rier, Btausrd--24, It should be kept in mind that every man -namned in the above list voted direotly in op. position to the intercsts of tho mass of the people who want him to Congress, Wo have the consolation of knowing that 89 out of the 60 weinbers who thus deliberately betrayod their constitntents go out of Congress tho 4th of March and ory not likely ever to re. turn, Of the 21 who romain, thelr vote in favor of the tariff-grabbera and whisky.ring THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1875, os es aap ne eranneeetenseanineeneneer nanncsneeenerennent will sonrcely be a recommendation for re- election. It onght to bo as fatal in tho West and Sonth ng the vote in favor of tho salary- grab proved to ba in tho last olections, Wo have mado no political classification of those Congressmen, na the question was nota partisan but a sectional one. The bill og paased in the ITouso, and likely to bo passed in tho Senate, docs not differ materially from tho original, except in tho concession mado to the whisky speculators, ‘Tho 10 per cent increase of tho tariff, the ob- fective point of the wholo measure, was ro- tained with all its original oppression. What corried tho bill through was not the necossity for moro revenue, but the desire to grab 10 por cont moro bounty on protected goods, to mark up stocks on hand in like pro- portion, aud to pocket 20 conts a gallon on all undrank whisky in the United States. Tho whole thing is a gigantic steel, and a brazen robbary of the mnases of the people. 'Yhore is a proposition, perhaps reveral of them, boforo the Legislature of Illinois to appoint s Special Commission to consider tho rovonue laws of this State, and roport to an adjourned session to bo held for tho special consideration of that question. Whether such a Commission be appointed or not, and whether it considor that any radical changes in the constitutional modes of tnxation bo desirablo, there is one thing it should do, and which tho intelligence of tho Logislaturo ought not to require to bo advised by a Com- mission, and that is tho repeal of all pro. visions of the revonuo Inw for tho taxation of intangiblo or unsubstantial property, which, as a matter of fact, in not property, but simply an expectation to receive property, The rovenne law of this Stato provides for the valuation aud taxation of nll ‘ tangible” property of whatever kind in this State. It then onters upon a search for the tndangidle, and by statute declares that to bo property and subject to taxation which has no reality orsubstance. Tho Legislature can give relict to the people of tha Stato, mitigate hard times, reduco the rato of interest on money and mortgages, put capital in motion, give labor employment, and lead to inorensed produc- tion, by a short bill repealing all of the first aection of the revenue law after the word “oxompt"; also, of the third section after the words ‘ cesh value” in the third tine ; the first and second clanses in tho sixth sec- tion ; Sec. 21, Sec. 32, and all othors parts of the Inw founded on thesa provisions, "The character of these provisions is sub- stantially indicated in the following citations, ‘The first scction declares that tho property named shall bo taxed, etc., as follows Second—All moneys, crodits, bonda or stocks, and. other Investmente, the sharoy of Incorporated compa nies and sseociations, and alt other personal property, including property in tranaitu, ote, Fourth—The capital stock of compantes and associa Hons incorporated undar the laws of this tato, The other sactions referred to are thoce establishing tho rules for carrying this taxa- tion into offect. Thus the capital stock of all companies created by the lInws of this Stato ia estimated by the State Board to de- termine tho cash value of the stock and fran- chize over and abovo tho assossed valno of the tangible proporty of such corporation. ‘Tho practical workings of this law have bacn frequently discuased and axposed, and the lameninble ond costly results of such taxa- tion have been shown. ‘Tho taxation of credit in any forn is un- justifiable. Credit is not property for taxa tion. Tho man who has $100 in monoy in hand, or aa 8 credit in bavk, or invested in a promissory note, has received that money, credit, or nota in exchange for some article of tangible property already taxed. Tho money is a more agent for tho oxchango of property; it cannot bo eaten, or consumed, ‘ns moat or fuel, and when exchanged is con- verted into something alrenly taxed. Tho promissory noto reflects tho proporty ex- changed for it, and which is nlrondy taxed ; the mortgage is an ovidence that the holder has o contingent interost in the lonned capi- tal which is alrendy toxed; and there can be no taxation of credit which ia not a duplicate tax of property already taxed as property. A crotit is morely the ahadow cast by the sub- stance, Is it right to tax both? In the samo way, tho taxation of capital stock of corporations is duplicate taxation. If a company having $100,000 cash capital invested in Iand, machinery, buildings, and materials, happen to loso $50,000, and borrow that much monoy to continue the business, tho State taxes them on the amount of capital stock and debt in excess of the valuo of the tangiblo proporty. That corporation, thero- foro, pays 60 per cont moro tax, because it lost instead of mndo monoy. If tho same company should bo so fortunate as to make $50,000 instend of losing it, and, by its gon- eral reputation for akill, care, and economical managoment, make ita capital btock valnable to the owners, the State taxes the corporation on tho valuo of its property and on such yolue os the State Board may placo on tho luck nnd akill of the company in excess of the tarcd value of all its tangiblo property. Tlere the company is taxed 40 per cont extra on its property because of the good choractcr of its managers, The man who cconomjzes, saves his money until such time as he can invest it in tangible proporty, is hunted down by the tax-gathercr and made to pay 2or3 per cont taxcs on his saving. ‘The lnw of Dlinola makes thrift, economy, tommpernnco, industry, and accumulation of earnings crimes, to be punished by confleca- tion, leaving no escape except by perjury aud lying. So longas the law of the State makes the possession of notes, credits, or mortgages an offonse agalnat society ; so long as it pun- ishoa thrift, economy, and industry; a0 loug oa it forbids five or twenty-five porgons com. pining their capital to engago in industry which neither can do alone, under pain af double taxation; so long as it taxes any money loanod in this State atthe rate of 3 or moro per cent; 60 long as it forbids capital ‘boing used to employ labor, engagoin manu. factares, or any other productive industry ; a long as the State continues these probibi- tory provisions in its revonue law,—a monu- nient of the ignorance and projudices of a past age,—so long will wo havo cnormons rates of interest, unemployed labor, wasto of materials, and ‘ hard times.” ‘We know that it is popalar to talk of tax- ing “franchises,” and franchises may properly bo taxed whon thoy havo any special value, A franchisa to have any epeclat valuc must be an exclusive privilege or monopoly ; an authority toexercisa certain powersandoarry on certain privileges dented to allother persons, There is not a railroad in Dinoia which may not be duplicated or tripli- cated by any person or persons with tho abil- ity to build railroads who may choose to do 50, 8o long as the law of tho State grants no mionopoly,—confers no privilega which any other person or company may not of his or their own motion acquire, but which is oqual- ly open to all,—the franchizo has uo special ‘talue; the corporate existence is nothing moro than affording a mere convenience for tranafer of individunl interests and in keep- ing tho booke,—nothing more, We havo no objection to the tnzing of franchises when- ever thoy are nlucrative monopoly or extend exclnaive privileges, and all theso should bo taxed on the value of the monopoly; but tho double taxation of business and eapitnl in all the common branches of trade and produc. tion, becauso the books aro kept in ono form and not in another, is just that class of out. rago tho penalty of which is oxtortionato rates of interest, oppression of tho debtor elaases, and tho refusnl of capital to invest in productive induatry while thus persocuted by unfriendly legislntio \ THE LOUISIANA REPORTS, At Inst nll the reports of the Louisiann In- vestigation Committes aro in, and let ws hope that wo now havo heard tho last of tho misorable business, and that Congress will take such measures na will enablo the Presi- dont to settle it nt onco and pormanently. ‘Tho majority of the Committeo, Messra. Fosten, Puenrs, Porren, and Blansttanz, ar- tivo substantially at the following couclu- sions: 1, That tho poople of Louisiana, in 1874, had a free, poacendle, and full registra- tion and olection, in which a clear Consorva- tive majority was clected to the Lowor Houso of the Logislaturo, 2, That tho Conrerva- tives wero doprived of their majority by tho unjust, illegal, and arbitrary action of the Returning Board. 3, ‘That all that is nooded in Louisinua is to to. withdraw tho Federal troops and leave tho people of that State free to govern themeclves, With regard to the recognition of Kxtioca as Governor, Mossrs. Foster and Pireurs, Republicans, say : ‘Tho reaolntion ecomn:eniling the recognition of Cov. Kettoac in based upon tho general {mprerston, not upon the evideuce, Ou this point no testimony was taken eather by the Committen or any part of it, Ket~ aco may or may not have been oiected In 1472, but there x no evidence to show the fact, or if thera be it haa been neither sought nor found by thla Cormmittze, Messrs. Fosten and Pururs think that tho popular belief, taking both Conservative and Teadicn! circles, inclines on tho whole to justify Kaxtoce's claims, and that, ay Ker1ouo is and has beon acting Governor of Louisiana for the past two years, to dony his right and install another in his plnce, after this lapso of time, might involve incalculable mischiof to the legal and political interests of tho State, On the other side, Messrs. Porren and Mananarz, Demoernts, say they find nothing to justify the belief that Kezzoge was elect- ed; that he seized the Government by the aid of tho Federal troops, through 9 void and fraudulent order, which prevented the count- ing and returning of tho votes, chould bo a standing presumption against him. Henco they oppore his recognition, ‘The minority roport, signed by Messra, Hoan, Wareren, and Prvr, finds that ‘The Returning Board of that State, in canvansing and compiling said returns and promulgating the results, wrongfully applied an erroneous rule of Inw, by renson whoreof porsons were awarded in the Houso of Represontatives sents to which they were not entitled, and persons ontitled to seats were doprived of them,” and recommends that tho persons wrongfully deprived of their sents be ro- placed, and that ‘ Winitas P, Kextoaa bo recognizol ngs tha Governor of Lonisiana until the ond of tho term of offlce fixed by the Constitution.” From these reports it will be seen that while five of the soven membersof the Commitice unite in the recom- mondation to recognize Kurxoaa, tho entire Committce docides that tho action of the Re- turning Board was ilegal-and currupt, and that the Conservatives hava o majority in tho Houso, or, in the Inngunge of the Presidont, that the whole thing is ‘‘n gigantic fraud.” This was the very [th of the whole contro- veray, aud makes the Returning Bonrd re- sponsible for tho troubles on Jan, 4, ns well as for all the confusion which hos since ox- iated. Whatever elso may bo done or not done, it isan imperative neccsaity now that the action of this Returning Board shell be corrected, and that the Conservative mom- bers who have boen doprivod of their seats shall be restored to them, If it is not dono, thon there iano such thing as freo govern- mont in Louisiane, With regard to tho rec- ognition of Kerzoca as Govornor, the mn- jority of tho Committeo report favor ably, -and, although thie fact docs not rollova the miserable conduct of this man nor sottle tho validity of tho clection of 1872, utill it seoms to be the only proposition which can bring order out of this chaos; and ns, according to Messrs. Fosren and Purirs, who cannot bo con- sidered ng in sympathy with Krrroaa, tho majority of the peoplo of Louisiana aro will- ing to make this compromise, it ought to bo accepted, It is tho plain duty of all parties to accopt this solution of the problom for tho very good rongon that no other can be devised. With Keztogo confirmed in his soat and tho Conservatives restored to their majority in tho House, there should be no further noed of Federal help in running or sustaining tho Stato Government, At least, Gov. Kcrroaa anotin a position to make any objection in tho case, Ifho is allowed to fulfill his tern of office, it will be a most gracious act of sufferanco which should forever clogo his inouth, REPUBLICAN PROORESS IN FRANGE, The announcement that the French As+ sombly has agreed upon a project fora Bec. ond Chamber is the moat important step yot takon townrd the per:nanent establishment of aropublican form of govornment, In order to understand its importance, it is necessary to reonll tho progress that has boon made sinco the Pravisjonal Government, ‘The Aseombly is o peculiar body, It claims to bo a constituont os woll as logislative body. Ita duty is to give Franco a perma- nent Government, as well as to provide laws until such Govornmont be ostablished, It lun now had a lifo of moro than four years, having been called into exiatonce Feb, 8, 1871, It began by making M. 'Curens *'Chiof of the Executive Power,” and afterwards gavo him tho title of President of the Repub- lic. Deforo 31. Tutens rotired, tho Assembly voted not to adjonrn until it had established (1) the organization and relations of tho Ex. centivo and Legislative branches; (2) the erention of @ Second Ohamber; and (8) an Electoral law, Sinco the choica of Marshal ‘MaoMaunon ns President of the Ropublic for seven years from Nov, 20, 1873, tho Agaembly hag been mainly occupied with the considera- tion and discussion of a general constitu. tlonal project, Though thore has always been. a majority against the Republic, the opposi- tlon haa been divided among tho Bonapart- ists, the Bourbons, and the Orloaniate, xo that it coutd not prevail, and the final adoption of every feature of the Constitutional Goveru- mont has expressly recognized the Republic. ‘Phe various fenturey of the conxtitutlonel project are taken up separately, nud the whole will come up togethor for final adop- tion, So far the most importast measures that have been adopted relateta the executive caeaee powors and thoir mode of transmission, The first atep waa to voto that the President of the Republic ho elected by tho absolute mn- jority of the Senate and Chamber of Depu- ties united in National Assombly, Thoy also voted that the President shatl bo elected for even yenta, aud bo cligible to re-election, "Thoy confer upon him, with the advico nud consent of the Senate, the powor to dissolvo the Ohnmber, ‘The Min- istera aro made conjoiutly renponsiblo to the Chamber for their policy and personal nots, but the President is renpon- siblo only in enso of high treason, thus avoid. ing tho unheard-of acophalous system which hag been suggested in Chiengo. Doth Cham. bers, by sepnrate vote, are to have the power todeclare the necessity fora revision of tho Constitution. Tho provision for the lection of tho Son- ato, or Second Chamber, has been tho great. est hitch in tho constitutional project. Franco {a peculinrly situated in this rogaril. Having no King, tho Sennte could not bo ap- pointed by tho right of royalty, os in Italy. Iaving no separate ond gasi independent States, the Sonate could not bo electad, as by the States of the German Empiro or tho United Statesof America, Havingno hereditary nobility (prhnogeniture having been aboliah- odin 1793, and revived for a brief period only under the Bonrbons), there would be no Houso of Lords, asin Great Britain, Tt was thorefore a constaut puzzlo how the Second Chamber should bo constituted so ns to differ essentially in charncterond in form of elec. tion from the Lower Chamber. ‘The plan adopted on ‘Tuesday was tho nearest approach to tho Amorican systern that is possible in France, Franco is divided into over ninety Departments, each of which has a Local Logislature known as the Counceils-Genernl, corresponding somewhat to our Board of Supervisors and somowhat to our State Legislatures, having a little moro power than tho former .and alittle less than tho Intter. According to the project now adopted, thesa Departments, along with the one or two col- onies left to France, elect 225 members of tho Senate out of a total of 3800 mombers, ‘There is a proposition that the remein- ing 74 members shall be elected by the Lower Chamber, but this doos not secm to have been finally acted upon, In caso they were no chosen, they might be regarded os elocted by the people at largo through their chosen reprosontatives. Tho Senators electod by the Departments and Colonios nro to hold nino years; snd there are to be three classes, one-third of the ontira number boing elected covery threo yeara, Vacancies by death or othorwiso aro to be filled by the Senate itself. ‘Tho Sennte is permitted, equally with the Chamber of Deputies, to initinte laws, with tho exception of financinl measures, which must originate in the House. It bacomos o High Court for jhe trial of the President and his Ministers upoa impenchment for trenson. Alltheso features, it will bo remarked, ara modeled after, thongh not exactly corrusponding to, the American system, It now looks as though France will suc- coed in the establishment of a constitutional government, republican in form, and sufli- ciently original to ba adapted to tho nature ofthe people. If it comes to this, France will have achioved a victory over itsclf. It has heretoforo, at lonst since the revolution of '93, boon given to wild experiments in government, ranging from the Communo to Despotism, from Socialism to Ultramontan- ism, from Red Ropublicanism to Imporinl- ism. Nover before have the French people asserted sufllcient gelf-control, and given anficiont deferenco to tho cxporience of others, to establish an intelligent, popular government for themselves. If they succeed now, they will owo their greatest victory to their grontest do- fent ; for their success will bo tho direct ro- sult of tho terrible shock suifored in their Intost conflict with Gennany. To use a common but expressive phrase, the Germans scom to haya taken the conccit out of thom. ‘Thoy appear to ba willing, for the first time in their naturol existence, to settle down to 8 rational systom of constitutional govorn- ment, such o# tho experience of ages has proved to bo the best adupted to intelligent and progressive people, We heartily hops they may attain i & A SPECIMEN OF VICIOUS TAXATION, The United States Circuit Court (Judge Daoxsonn presiding) for tho Southern Dis- trict of Dlinois on Tuesday granted an in- jnnction to restrain the collection of certain State and local taxes under circumstances that, outside of Illinois, would bo regarded as most extraordinary. The Toledo, Pooria & Warsaw Itailway Company has been practically bankrupt for a long time. Tho rord had Leen in operation soven years on the 30th of Juno, 1874, Itowed a debt of $7,545,000, and its earnings after paying operating exponses were inadequate to meet tho interost on its bonds, Tho road is 266 mites long in Ilinoia, and annually it has had a deficit. .Tho nominal stock is put down at ‘K5,700,000, but tho rond has never been able to paya dividend. So deplorable was the condition of nifairs thet tho United States Court appointed a Recoiver for tho road on behalf of tho eroditors, and it ia now opernted by him, ‘The steck for a long time has been wholly valueloas, ‘fhe Company made reports Inst June that its tangible property in Ilinois had a value of 91,088,750, and that ita capital stock ad no talue. ‘Tho State Board of Equalization, however, disregavdud this atatemant; and, after increasing ‘tho value of the tangible property to $1,778,760, nsseasad tho valuo- Tees capital stock at $861,030! The proccss by which this result was attained by tho State Board is thus given in thelr report: Capita! stock held in Wlinois, $5,299,055; debt aud capital stacis held in Illinois, $6,805,016; market valno of capital and debt held in Illi- nois at 65 conte on tho dollar, or $4,401,160, Having ascertained tho cash value of the stock nnd debts, the State Bonrd assessed the samo for purposes of taxation at CO per cont of this cash value, or 2,040,006, It then deducts the assossed valne of tho tangible property of the Company at $1,778,760, lenving a not surplus of value of stock snd dobt over tangible property at $861,956, Wo question whether in any portion of tho elvilized globo, outeide of Mlinois, such a barbarous process of valuation for the pur- pevies of taxation was ever devixed, Hero is arailrond that has never onarned enough to pay its operating expsnses ond intorest on its debt ; that is annually adding nearly $500,000 toity debt; whose stock has no possible value, because the road is not worth tho debt alroady duo on it; which is first taxed onall its roal and personal property, then taxed on tho debts it owes, ond thon taxed on tho ovidencos of the proportions of the prop- erty hold by each nominal owner! Tho ¥tato Board discovered that the debts of tho Company cxcoeded in value the whole tangt- ‘blo proporty of the Company, and then it counticn, granted, against tho mensure. nud county of some 450,000 inhabitants, largo enough, with some suburbs, to be entitled to his voto against it. this to bo accidontal. sonal intorent was largely subseryed by tho passago of tho bill, and he is a partner in 9 dry-goods house having an immenso stock of goods on hand, whose value will be incrensod by tho nddition of 10 per cent to tho tariff. But this is not the case with Messrs. Warp and Oxvzrienp. noglect to voto because Mr. Fanwseun negleet- edit? Mr. Oavnrtenp is the roprosoutative of the Domocratio party in this city, which profoses a constitutional and treditionnl dc- votion to free-trade; has he begun his Con- grescionnl carecr by decliborately batraying his constituents? It is in order for theso three gentlemen to give somo oxplanation for their omission in this important matter, without which tho peoplo of Chicago will bo ontirely justified in believing that thoir inter. ozts have been neglected by their Con- girossional representatives for other thon ‘patriotic reasons. taxed the Company on its tangible property and on the excess of its debts over tho value of its proporty } ‘This road runs through eleven counties In thin Stnte, nv.d tho applieation to the Court was for nn Yajunction to restrain the collec- tion of the tax on this capital stock in those Tho injunction was, of course, 'Chis cage does not stand alone, It applies to other companies owning, perhaps, 2,500 miles of railway in this Stale which have be- come casontinily bankrupt, whoso entire property is covered by first, socond, and third mortgages, and whose property will not oven pry tho first mortgago; whoso enpital stock ‘beat been sponged out of existenco in value wad in fact; whoso ronds have been taken by mortgagees for the preforred debt,—thus ex- tingnishing all other debts. On all thors roads the State Bonrd of Equalization hns ag- progated all the debts and all the worthless stocks, and taxed property, debts, aud atock ! Yet the majority in both branches of tho Legislature of Mlinois, while insisting on this portion of the reyenuo law, sro astonished that enpital refuses to come hither to be taxed out of existence, and cannot understand why corporntions thus taxed have no credit, are passing ont of the hands of our own citizens, and the capital invested in stock is ultorly sunk nnd lost. Nine-tenths of-tho capital stock of railrords, subscribed and paid for by countica and towns, lins been antirely lost tnd annihilated, tho credit of the companies destroyed, and tho Legisintura devotes its energica to the labor of extorting out of tho bankrupt concerns tho little means that might bo used to repair bridges nnd relay brokon rails. With a like relentless vigor, it pursues money capital in whatever other cor- porato form it may sock investment for pro- ductive purposes in this State. Is it any wonder times are hard in Dlinojs, and onter- priso dend or dying? Where were the three Chicago Representa. tives in Congross—Mesara, Fanwen., Warp, and Cavbrintp—at the final passnge of the tax-grabbing and whisky-ring bill in the House of Representatives ? They owo their constituents some oxplanation, since not ono of them is reported as voting either for or We havo hero a city three members of Congress, and paying ont millions of dollars annually on account of *¢ protection.” The great maus of population of tho Northwest doing basinoss with Chicago is opposed on principle nud in interost to the inerense of a tnriff nirendy oxorbitant and ox- cessive, A measure is. proposed for tho express and confessed purpose of adding to the profits of Now England and Pennsylvania at the exponte of Chicago and the Wost, and not ono of the Chicago Napresentatives records We can scarcely believe Mr, Fanwet's por- Did these yontlomen Thero is a very serions and perhaps well- founded apprehension among ownors of ship- ping and dock-property on the river that there mny bo a destructive ice-gorgo or flood in this city at the first rapid and porsistent thaw whick comes, Tho experience of tho early spring of 1849, whon bridges, shipping, wharfs, and a vast amount of property was destroyed, warrants tho fear of s ropatition or variation of that disaster, In such an event at this timo, tho dostruction of prop- orty would bo ten-fold what it waa then, and uiight amount to millions of dollars, The chief danger is from the overflow of Aux Plaines River, which is siid to bo frozon almost to tho bottom. At tho time of the former flood it overflowed tho plain; now it is thought that tho Ogden Ditch will afford o channol, for the water nnd loose ice. It is certainly the duty of the Board of Public Works to in- ventigate tho matter thoronghly with a view to the prevention of the threatened calamity, Ono precautionary measure, we should gay, would bg to strongthen tho now rather nar- row ond frail embankmont sopsrating tho ditch and the Aux Plaines, Another has been suggested to tho offect that thoico in tho Chi- ongo River should be sawed on both sides of naprce of, say, 40 foot, and that dredging- machines ba loosened and sotto work with pile-dsivers to broak up tho ice, and make a channel to the leke, At all ovents, the dis- aster has enough of likelthood to warrant a sonrching investigation, and the adoption of whatevor measures may be deemed ndvisable for provonting it, or grappling with it if it shall come, ; Mr. T. 11, Wiurrix, ao old Chicago journal. Int, now tho editor of tho Juchaon (Miss.) Daity Pilot, in his iaaue of the 19th, paya tho following tribute to the memory of tho Iate M. L. Dox~ LAPs ML, Detar, Beq., who rerentiy made the tour of this Btato, {u the’ inturcat o¢ Tox Caugago ‘Toone, tho agricultural editor of which fonraal he fad been during due pret Sifteon years, nud whose vitlt to Jacks gon wus noted tn .tbosd caltimpy, wa cre alt to Jeary, ited, a fow days ainco, at bis hone, in Cham- paige Couuity, I Ito was quite 4 whod he left to avin his Southern visit, but had froproved considers ably when he atarted for tho return to the North, ‘Tho ios of Mr, DoXLAY will prove Ruevere one to ‘Vn Tinvuwe, ‘and to tho farming community in t Northwest, aud bie placo, 08 0 practical fruit-rajsor and eclensida weiter on pomology and zhullay aut jects, canuot well ba Miled, He was cut off tefuro the completion of his excellent seriea of ntrikdng snd interesting Houthern letters, which would have woour= ad to the soctlons troated of a larger circto of rosders than could beta any othor manner procured, henco the matortal damayo to ue frum ate, Dunuar's due coaty, A pereona) friend of the writer’ of th su wellay, for many years, a co-laLorer on ty Sf Wo mine Journal, we can trully way for Mf, Le Dumtar, tuathe alwayo wrote what “ho bolteved (o bu true, was devoted to Llu profesvion of furinor and farui-welter, end 9 aud faithful man tn avery reyurd, Ha leaves & family in conifortable circum~ stances, aud a vast clrclo of friends whose lesrty will overflow in sympathy with thusu more nearly alliicted, ———-—_——_. ‘The Springfleld Journal alleges that the ro- marks quoted below wore mado not long eince in a Democratic Logislstive caucus. We wish tho Journal bad given the name of tho ‘Neformer’ who made tho speech: Some time during tho early part of the present month, in 3 caticus Uf the Deciocratle-Oppoaitlon-He- | form party, of whatever else tue majority of thy Tous of Hepresontatives in tho Twenty-niuth Gouersl Ave sembly inzy 0 caliod, tho following apecct 1a reportod to tuo Journal to have Loon 1usda by 6 Lictant, wluvis~ ting Tweformor (1), now m conspicuous part’ of the “Correspondence Gareau” run by—vwhon it may concern: ‘Out fricuds must by provided with pieced, Thero ta o largo nowber of thom here, ard Wo ravet appotnt alt the clasts wa cup utllxe, Wo ean dnd pre lo, purty eaployaient fur thom, al oowose 10 Wie ebout eondmy im eppolntiog Gus friend ——, an a good many others, must sided for, Wa’ can ent down the nphronriaused ee the varlows Btste faatitutions eo tit the agaregies Aniount of eppropriattons will bo Ieee than that of i ‘Treuty-cighth General Ansembly, anid on that we cee o befare tha peopla and make a antlifactory shosine ind no oue wil ank about the nuinker of emmutoseres | Jrorided forin tha Twentysnlath General Anamtiys hese, gentlo reader, you bare the whale policy of the j* ITaien Meform parly. Teo an army of campetse : i t fh Jowern nad. jantzarlen to write" burcan " letter ang abitry decent peopte, snd, to pay them, rob tho inssne the doaf end dum! ind, and the idlotis oe see eaeats Wo ara in recelpt of the sixth volume of thy now American Cyclopedia, publighod by Apnty, ton & Co., which in in ovary reapoct oqnal to j1g vredecessora in the ossential point of the prey aration of its articles, ‘Tho chiof merit of thi, Cyclopedia voema to bo the acetracy with which the greatert posaibte amonut of information iy condensod into the smallest compass. The ay, = thorehip of the most important articles is aun * as to sive the rondor confidence in tholr valu, while the indorsoment givon to nome of the moyt important onos by distinguished writers who have becoma identified with the subjoct as gp, claltios places tham bogond cavil. Tho Western * Agout la Moyea Wanrex, No. 103 State atreos, * PERSONAL, Gov. Bross ie grandfather, It's « boy, . Tho Rov. Dn, Poarnus, of Brooklyn, ig atop, ing et the Tremont Hour, Frux A. Daz, tho perfamenr of Philade. phis, arrived yeaterday at tha Tremont House, ‘The logic of it: If TretoN condoned the of, fenso of bis wifo, then Bercuren committed np Bitte The reason Col, Fonyry has beon unablete oxplain fy that thero aro no exproee companiy in Europe. Mis Monor Judge Davis was taken ill ay noon yretorday, ut Danville, Wl, and ouurt was adjoutno:t. “Sond us poams, sweet poams," saya n Wost. ern editor. ‘Tha cold snap les used up early all the other fuel. Asn Exiza Youxa haa alreaty lectured 99) times, No woulor Datosast nkes hor depactare 80 philosophically. Gsonae P. Pranz, an old ond prominas morchaut of St, Louis, and maker of tho famous Plant flour, died yeaterday. } “Slr Macmadule Mousor, or Too Attentivey { Tialf," {a tho title of an oporotte writton ty Sutius Eronpena, of Boston. Mn. 0. K, Ross denies the story which bad Rot into circulation that his stolen boy was af. ilictod with an facurabia diacaso, ‘The Jury disagrend xe to tho guilt of tha mun agor of the Motropotitan Mall aan-cau. It stood AL to 1 for conviction, Who is New Yor's - ‘Tnupe? i ‘Tho Rev. Lucta H. Buaner, President of thy } Wosloyan Vemulo College at Cincinnati, ly &s been olocted President of Alleghouy College, f Moadaville, Pa, “If Your Monor wero engaged in robbing on-reott," commanced the learned City Atte: ney of Patorson, N. J., 1 9 cow-caso of thiilli z local importance. An othnological colored gentleman infors.s the 8t. Louis Globo that Darfur, in Abyssluts, isafertiloond boautiful province, aud dary Lgypt Kodived for it. ‘Tweap in sufering from disbetes.. While ts was *Boxs," the City of Now York suffer:t from tho wane disordor, the direat of dire be.ts, and its oamo was ‘wep, Another Woop vill havo = wooden log—ita member of tho Yalo University Crow. ‘iio i+ Woop who so onffercd was Capt, Jnaaty Woo, the Chicago Baso Bail Club, 3 Tho Commiesioners of Charity for New Yor: say that T'wrep must have a roomy coll, bocse:a ho i no larga nian. Most felona who go to jul loavo their greatucss behind thom. ‘Tho paragraphiata of Tie Curcago Trinvse and the St. Louis @lobe aro crushing cach orb: by putting this little book (?) after thelr matul credit morks. Quit Looking, Messioun—[Cia, Com. (?) (!)—Cincinnati Commercial. Mr. O.L, Miscu, of this city, ‘han beon ce dored to a balmicr climato than ours by Ls physician, Ho will take a tripto Cuba, via Sor Orloans, and como beclt, itisto be boyed,ia good health and spirita throo or four rom once, Exury Soxpene haa boon playing af Taf, and tho Jirpress says: “ Cougrees hau y sitdt bil for the *improvement of tho mou! Miasissippl.’ “Now why doosn't Bisa S—Lo—nv apply to Congross for relief in tz respect alga," . Trenny Benor is eallod npag to answer forts: tempt. AGrand Jury doclined to iniict {8 m principals in ndog-fight, so Hesny wrote ty 7 foreman avhorp lettor, ‘The toreman lianlols to Recorder Macuerr, and now Denon rill bs | to excuse himaolf. a Evon Egyptian officinls are not oxempt {cy the persecutions of the American oillc :-soe%tt. Vioror C, Banniwaen, Judge of tho Courta Appeals under the’ Khedive, bas to publicly o nounce that be cannot act ns apont fo: pero - wanting military service in that country. Jom Dataur's last speech st Birmmgts:a wr and the papers for vale at the dour of tho isd he timo the attdlenco was out, ‘The {uterys: ef ha Lour talen up by otter ave tho D tlme to wet wp the lact “ print several sand pupers.—Memingha: Yer, that will do to teli; but why dou'tyou sy. frankly tuat Joun furnished the copy a week i _ advance? After an oxporionce of over 70 yoars in tts wicked world, Mr, Satuen Lawzgncs, fovsltt of the City of Luwrence, gives It as bls opis that “thore is leas of intemperance, profanity. and kindred vices" than there used te hain bis timo, and the comforts of Hfe sro four-fold nore than thoy used tobe, Now bury Bercura acd k o bring on the Millennium. ‘Tho popular boliot that Afra, Vart, tho herolte of Tizro%'s “Tompest Toused," iy au xputtea FM, of Mru, ‘Tron, 1s not complimentary. Tl? author presented hor as a model of feniuiuevr © tno, but was compelled to keop hor sff.stit mid-ocean for eventoon yeare, with her bat bend the only man within 5,000 miles of Let? placo her above auspicion, Mile, Diane, of tho Theatre Cluny, at Purit, fat gracious tater admirers, aud a atndent y¥uwe queta nud notes wore distegurded resorted, (2 uvenloy to more forcible invasures for attra tou, ito opened fira out thn young lady cheatra vialla with hid revolver; but he was, ly, not a good aliot.—Heratd, ‘ybia throws a lttlo Hight upon the mftelr att! Academy of Music Tuesday uight, Ms, Gant Nen, whowas the lady ? E A Paris letter says tho ladios of the gar Capit are shrieking with fury ovor the dim Light of ht now Opara-Tfouse, bacause it fails to exis that diamonds to advantage, Mme, pe OasI% ba hnibits 4,000, 000f worth Simo, Afogaun,6,¢00.001F Mme. pe Parva, 6,000,000f. In tho presonca «| such mirnciea, Mme, pz Pountanes, aio ; Vintrxeuve, Mme, pe Bozenx, Muwo, 2 Huugvitz, Mme. pz Pein, the Ducheet 1t Movcuy, ond the cluster of Aruzricans, 61 Tue tent with tno blazo of their own beauty. suv. Morquiss Axsonrt, Mme. Rarrac2s, 80 1 Bovizwawa carry only pearla aud bouquets Grom Paciio—tts Te eilawartny Wort Howard! Ts Mista lo *, Kilaworth, Fo pM A, Merron, Poort) . Portite, Battalo cae Wright, Ieatou; Dr, J, Byors, Clucinnst ; Jara W. Mloct, Naw York ; Chari Q.1f, Uigelow, Bt, Put; Johu A Dake, #8) Dickinson, Afzsvachuuettay Lioyd @. tare Louls,... Patmer Houas—W, 8, Vatrie’, Detrul ¥ bag 0,0, Moulton, Hogton ; Milos Zeutuiayor, 3 s duorge Si, ‘pulladalpilaj Uovres mine Exdwurd Partenbvimer, Pl! Horsey Osetia, Indians B, Hen Ohblo,.. Hoorn e ce Serpe at 7 Yor int, Hp pH eS ane Deria tas De viowant, ‘ibang HUE Doench, 8, Lowla, Ski