Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 9, 1875, Page 4

4 THE CHICAG( DAILY TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1875. ee ——== TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. ‘RATES OF BURECKITTION (PATABLE, TH ANYARCR), Postage Prepaid nt thie Ofte : Partaof be y and mistakes, be mee and give Post- Ghee eddroa in full, inoluding Statn and County. Ramiltances may bomade eithor by draft, exprcas, Post- Ofkeo order, or in regiatered letters, at our risk. TERMA TO CITT SUBACRINERS, 7, delivered, Sunday excepted, 26 canta per work livered, Sunday tneluded, 30 conts por week THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, jar Bfadison and Dearborn-ata,, Chicago, Il. ‘TO-DAY’ MVICKEN'S THE, Prarborn and State, £3 adison strenty hetween tof Birs. D. B #* Lady Audioy's Secret, Howes. ACADEMY OF MUSIO—Italeted strost, between Mad fon and Monroe, = *’ Gri 10."* ADELPIU THRATRE—Deathorn street, corner Mon- gos. Variety entertainment. ‘The French Spy." GRAND_OPRRA-NUUSK—Olark, atrost, enpoatte Guerman House. Kelly & Leon's Minstrels, ‘* Uncle CHICAGO MUSEUM Monts sirent, between Dear. Cee ee ONE Tae Winkle” Attercou wud HOOLRY'B THRATRE—Randolph, etrest, between Clark and LaSalle. |?" Diana; or, Love's Revenge,” and “phe Little Revel.” UNION PARK CONGREGATIONAL OMURCH— Concert by the Kichings-Boruard Concert. Croupe, SOCIETY MEETINGS. ASHLAR LODGE, No. f0% A. F. 2 A, M.—Reg- pian meoting {bla CEuosdas) evening tn thir hall, (Free BHatone Welly ty Atonroossts: for buelnocsand werk yn tho BA. Di star. eqtee. A full mooting ia reyuostat. Vie nity cordially intitod. Ge I, OHANE, Secrotary. D, A. OABMAN LODGE, A. I and A, M.. corner ie vening al Yotook. is re fernullyinvited. Reds DAUPHINE, W, At. Wr LL WE SAY.—-FULL SET BEST GUD teeth, BAR faction or mosey refunded. Filling, first: less, at halt the tar, MCUNLSNKY, 78 Clark-at. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS, THIRD PAGR—City, Suburban, and Country Eatato. Wants, ‘lo Kenst, Floancta}, ‘to Exchange, and Bound, Hursea avd Carriages, Mutical, Buaiuess coe Paar 1 Cards, ate, at i Heme 2 ical Cards. ate., eto. KVENTIL PA sausements, Stew Publications, 970 bid, and $1.00 per gallon asked, Flour was quict and unchanged. Wheat was less active and te lower, closing at 84 1-40 cash, and 45 3-Se for March, Corn was activo ond 1-41@1-2c lower, closing at 63 1-t0 eash, and te rellerMay, Oats wero in fair demand and steady, closing at 62 1-80 cash, and 62 1-4¢.for March, Rye was quiet and firmor at 97@ 8c, erley was dull and 30 lower, closing at $1.14 cash and $1.14 3-4 for March, Hogs wero dull and 15@250 lower; sales chiefly of 6,60@7.00. Cattle wera dull aud weak, Sheep were quiet and sicady. The National Board of Underwriters ia said to be breaking up very fast, ‘Lhe organiza. tion is useful, and ought to be perpetuated. Small feelings of dislike towards it on ne- count of tho ill-advised aud malicious with- drawal of the insurance companies from this city last fall will doubtless give way before the prospect of its dissolution, It must be said, too, that the people of Chicago are daily receiving benefits from the operations of the National Board which they will roalize for tho first time when they are withdrawn, Tho Southern Legislatures are passing resolutions right and left “instructing Senators and requesting Represontatives in Congress” to vote for Tox Scort’s Southern Pacific absurdity. No doubt the Southern States do want that road, but no amore than the Northern States want the money it would cost. Wo shall look to the Northern Con- gressmen, who represont the proporty-inter- ests of the country, for protection against the cohorts of subsidy-scckers which Mr. Tox Scort loads, As the claims against Mr, B. F, Annex con- tinue to come ia, the enthusiasm of the peo- ple of Iowa on his behalf perceptibly and steadily nbates. If ho should go back to Des Moines to-morrow, he wouldn't be drawn through the streets in a cutter, or hurrahed for as tho next President of the United States, 3! Gi Railroad Thmo-Table, atc., oto. The Chicago Tribune. Tuesday Morning, February 0, 1875. Tho Little Tariff bill, too, Thathas become & low. Hardly mora thon threo weeks of the pres- ent session of Congress remains. After that, 8 Democratic House, and show-case virtue. If tho Hon, Wiu1ias Krxa only knew how - completely he was vindicated by the Milwan- Kea Sentinel, a few months ago, he would not stay in Canada another day. A bill has beon introduced in tho Illinois Legislature forbidding the re-election of City ‘Treasurers. It recites that ‘‘an emorgency exists whereby,” eto, How is that, Mr. O'Hara? An ordinance for a new Gas Company has ‘been introduced in the Common Council. It noeds looking after, Whether it be defeated or approved there is likely to be work for the Grand Jury. Five States are bidding for the new Mint, and Congresa has not yet decided whether one shall be built. It is fearful to think what astate of mind the Mississippi Valley would be in if the choice of a location were imme- diately impending. _—_—_______— The narrow-gauge railroad schemo has been sent up to the garrot in Washington, and will stay there at any rate until tho Democratio House brings it down. There is room left in the samo place for Tom Scott's old traps and the Windom Committee's From which facts the people of Milwaukee, who did something of that kind for Mr, Can- renter, may derive a useful lesson on the difference between mercantile and political credit, and tho disproportionate punishments |. meted out for the loss of each. President Grant sent a messago to tha Senate yesterday with a number of docu- ments relating to affairs in Arkansas, ‘The President says all tho testimony shows that Brooxws was elected Governor in 1872; that ho was unlawfully deprived of possession of his office; and that the new Constitution, under which Gantanp now holds, was carried by fraud, violonco, and revolutionary proceedings. We do not know on what testimony the Presi- dent bases his opinion, ‘That is presumably contained in the documents sent to the Sen. |. ate, But wo do know that all the tostimony beforo tho people goes to estab- lish tho validity of the Ganuanp Government. It may bo that the position of the President is technically cor- rect ; yet we believe that interferenco with the constituted Government of Arkansas, which has brought prosperity and peace to that un- happy State, would be contrary to a broad and enlightened public policy. ELECTING A PRESIDENT, Mr, Senator Monton’s proposition toamend tho Constitution in tho particular of electing the President and Vice-President of the United States provides generally that tho people shall voto for these officers in districts, and that the person having the highest numberof votes in each district shall bo considered os having one vote, and the person having tho greater number of these district votes, if o majority of the whole, shall bo dectarod elect> ed. This amendment dispenses with the ma- chinery of the Electoral College, but retaina billion-dollar ‘improvement " folly, A benevolent old ignoramus, member of ,the Logislature, lately introduced o bill es- tablishing the legal rate of interest in Illinois at 7 per cent, and making the penalty of dis- obedience forfeiture of all the interost and one-quarter of the principal contracted for. ‘The bill was incontinently tabled yesterday, ‘The bill for the relief of J. W. Manan ond the distress of most everybody else, other. wise known as the sowing-machine patent extension fraud, was defeated in tho Senate yesterday. But sowing-machines are not selling any cheaper to-day, Wo shall havo to wait until the Domocrats come in power for that benofit, ——— The Hon. Wittzaat Kiya is not the only person involved by the Pacific Mail investiga. tion who finds the climate of Canada during the winter months salubrious, Mr, Wazrrtsa, | Senator Cozz’s son-in-law, is of the samo opinion. Ho has been discovered in Hamil. ton, and a subpmna has beon served on him, Winrire received $60,000 of the corruption. fund, Thero is no place like Canada in mid. winter for impaired reputation: Muiztow R. Sprex, Democratia momber of Congress from Pennsylvanin, moved to sva- pend the rales yesterday and adopt an anti. third-term resolution, All the Republicans in the House, of course, voted against the ad- mission of tha resolution, The proposition ‘was a wanton affront to Presidont Gnanr, in- asmuch as it implied that he had aspirations toa third term ; and tothe Republican party, ws implying that it contemplated the renomi- nation of Gen. Gnant. Senator Oanvznren’s absonce from Wash- ington, where both duty and interest requirod that he should be, has allowed a report favor. able to the Kxrioae Government to be pre- pared by the Sexate Committee on Privileges tnd Elections, The people of Wisconsin, in view of this grave dereliction, will doubtless abate something from the gratitude due Ben- tor CanPentxs on account of his provious conduct in the Louisiana affair; and that waa his chief claim to honorable mention. Mr, Brapwans lias pushed through the Lower House of tho Illinois Legialature a ‘bill allowing women to act as Notaries Pablic, A member osked whothor thora wera not enough able-bodiod male citizens to fill responsible ond ju. erative offices; but tho unscemly interrup. tion was not minded. Everybody will soon ‘be constituted a Notary on making a declara- tion of intention; aud there will be no moro teow, The Chicago produce markets wero gon. erally easier yesterday, Meus pork was quiet and 150 per bri lower, closing at $18.17 1.3 cash and $16.271-2 for March. Lard was active and 5c per 100 ths lower, closing at $13.60 cash, and $15.06 for March, Meats ware in falr demand and firm, at 6 1-2@8 5-80 for shoulders, 9 1-2@9 5-80 for short riba, and $ 7-80 for short clears. Dressod hogs wors plot and firm, olseing at 87.55@8.00, High. wines weve oxciled and 5@bo higher, at 10@ in the number of electoral votes apportioned to tho people of each State the two allowed for the Senatorial representation. The reason given for adhering to the elect- oral system is, that the people of the smaller States would probably never vote to ratify an amendment to the Constitution which would deprive them of any part of their present advantage and undue weight in the electoral vote, because of the addition of tho two Senatorial votes, We think this objec- tion has been magnified, The electoral voto in 1876 will be 292 Representative and 74 Senatorial; total, 806. The percentage of tho Senatorial vote is about 20 per cent of the whole. Its proportion, however, varies greatly, as applied to the several States. It is equal to 100 per cent of the Representative vote of Rhode Island, and 200 per cent of the samo vote of Delaware, Nobraska, Nova- da, and Oregon, It is equal to 67 per cont of the Representative votes of Florida, Kansas, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Vermont, and West Virginio, It doubles the voto of Rhode Island, and trebles thatof Delaware, Nebraska, Nevada, and Oregon, It is equal to 50 por cont of the Representative vote of Connecticut. But those small States aro not all to remain small States, It is not likoly that Rhode Island, Vermont, Now Hampshire, Delowaro, or Nevada will ever increaso their proportionate population in the country, but Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, West Virginia, and even Florida, will all in time become populous States. The objection, therefore, on the ground that the small States will loge their presont extraordinary advantage will be confined to Maine, Now Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Dela- waro, South Carclina, and Nevada. These axo tha only States where the loss of the dis- proportionata vote in the Electoral College will be serious or permanent. Now let ussce what the present population and Presidential vote of thesa States aggregate ; Electorat Poputation, "vote, s 195,016, austen Sleaccmeas Theso cight States, with ou aggregate popu- Jation of 2,908,585, which is only that of Ulinois, have forty electoral votes, of which only 24 are Representative, and 16 are Sen- atorial, Mx, Monton'a schome, which ho reluctantly advocates, propores to continue thia extraordinary disproportion, and, to pre- verve it, is forced to resort ton number of other dangerous irregularities, ‘Thus ho pro. poses that each State shall be apportioned into districts, ond that this apportioument shall bo made by Congress. Of all other oxpedicuts to reform existing evils, to give Congress the power to apportion the several Statos into Presidential districta is the worst, There may be {njustice done now by par. tluan majorities in State - Legislatures in the apportionment of Congression- al Districts, but that at most is local, Aud we understand him to say that ho much prefers the direct popular vote plan, but hos. itates to alvocate it because he fears the little Btates will defent ite ratificationit submitted. ‘We cannot believe that tho States containing less than 8,000,000 of inhabitants would daro to defent a constitutional ninendment intond- ed to prevent o future civil war, after it had recoived the sanction of the States embracing 87,000,000 of population. We do not helievo that Maino or South Carolina would vote against it, and Connocticut is too intelligent to risk tho consequences of being responsi- bie for its defeat, Tho electoral advantage tho little States have now in casting. the Senatorin] electoral votes is moro fanciful than real. Vermont or Delaware, for inatanco, would count heavier in the general resuit of a popular voto than sho can in tho Electoral College. Her snqjority for hor candidate may oxceed that given by New York or Illinois in caso they should bo closely balanced. On the populnr-vote plan of electing a President, the vote of the States would count on tho result just as tho vote of counties do for Governor of a State. And this is fair for all sides and parties, An apportionment of districts by Congress for tho election of a President would of ne- cessity bo a universal scheme of partisan un- fairness and jerrymander, This ono point alone is necessarily fatal to the whole plan, and yet it is a necesnity, perhaps, of any plan which retains the olectoral system, or which places the election of 8 Presidont on any other than a ropresentative vote, If Mr. Morton will chango his plan, so as to provide for tho election of a President and Vico-Pres- idont by the aggregate and direct vote of the whole peoplo, he will get rid of all the cm- barrassing adjuncts which render the plan objectionable. But it is objected that, if the people be allowed to vote directly for President, whon there ore several candidates o Presi- dent may be elected who reccived but a minority of the whole vote. ‘That is true, audis true of the-presont system, sud is o result. that cannot be avoided in any way. It has occurred repeatedly during tho last thirty years. In 1818, Gon, Taylor received 56 per cent of the electoral vote, and only 47 per cent of the popular vote; in 1856 Bu- chanan got 58 per cont of the electoral voto, and only 44 per cent of the popular vote; in 1860 Lincoln got 69 per cent of the electoral vote, and only 39 per cent of the popular vote; in 1864, he got 91 por cent of the electoral vote, and 65 of the popular yote; in 1872 Gen, Grant received 82 per cont of the elect- oral vote, and only 55 per cent of the popu- lar voto, We quote these figures to show that, under any indirect system of voting, a minority candidate may be elected, and that this result has taken placo repeatedly. The present system of allowing extra votes, hav- ing no representative character, invitos and produces such results. The eight States we have named have a population of 700,000 less than Pennsylvania, and 1,400,000 less than Now York, and they have 40 votes for Presi- dent, while Pennsylvania has but 29 and Now York 35, Tho best and most certain protection against fraud is in committing the election direct to the people, In that case a fraud of 10,000 votes in New York ond 10,000 in Philadel- phia would only count 20,000 in an aggregate of 7,000,000 of votes cast in the wholo Union, while under tha presont system tho like frauds may determine the choice of aixty- four electoral votes out of 866, Tho possi- bility of having the general result determined by such frauds ag are now common in largo cities will be so reduced, and the results to be accomplished by them become so remoto that their practico will not compensate the necessary outlay and risk, In on election conducted on this plan, every man will have the privilege of voting directly for tho candidate of his choice, which is something he cannot do now, nor un- der any indirect system, Wo hold that the right to vote for President is not confined to the choice of one of two candidates; the voter should not be do- nied the privilege of voting for whom he pleases, ond having it counted. Yet this would not have the effect of multiplying parties, The removal of the slavery question has taken away from our politics the main cause for third parties, and horoaftor the people gonerally will divide between two great partios, Thera may be individual protests, but the scattering vote will not be so likely to result in tho choice of a plurality candidate as now. We think Mr, Monron's idea of remodeling the system ofelecting President and Vice-Prosi- dont, with a viow of avoiding complications that may provo perilous to the pence and in- tegrity of the Union, is a wiso ono; and we think, further, that any reform havingsuch a purpose can best be accomplished by placing within the hends of the people tho direct means of preserving thoir own institutions. ‘They are not to be corrupted, ns will almost any intermediato agonts appointed to do for thom what they can bettor do for themselves, THE LOUISIANA DEMOCRAOY, The people of Louisiana havo been for somo time past in the presence of a political prob- lom, the solution of which, undor the ciroum- stances in which the State and country are placed, has baffled Congress, the peopla most directly concerned in tho settlement, our statesmon, and our best lawyera. The Nation- al Logislative body, the Courts, an uprisen and indignant people, have in turn endoavor- ed to find a remedy for tho ovil, ‘The evil, however, remains, Like all other ovils, it was evil inits origin, But we are beyond the origin now, ond the people of Louisiana are called upon to deal with matters as they aro, not as they should be. ‘Chey have no alternative but to accopt the problem as it is, and find for it the best solution they can, Tho Courts, Congress, and the dissatisfied among them- selves, having failod to curo the wrong, what was the duty of the people of Louisiana, or, rather, of that portion of the people who fool themsclyes oggrieved by the perpetua- tion of Kollogg’s power? ‘Io arbitrate, to compromise, ond yet to sacrifice no principle of constitutional right. It became their duty, as members of the body politic, to do that which individuals are called upon to do every day in the ordinary affuirs of life,—to chooue between two evils, and submit to tho lesser; to subordinate personal considern- tions and party interests to the good of the whole poople of the State; to endure, for the sake of pence, of good order, and of public seourlty, 8 wrong, supposing it to be a wrong, which, from the vory naturo of the case, cannot be of great duration. Resignation to the inev- itobla and unavoidable, magnanimity, moderation, self-sacrifice, even under wrong, aro political virtues, when by resignation, moderation, and self-sacrifice the greater good of allcan ba furthered, and when their aly souce on lead only to insecurity of life and property, Boettor for Louisiana, under the circumstances, to accept the Kollogg Govern- ment than civil war or prolonged contention and wrangling about who shall be and who shall not be Governor, since it has been demonstrated that such contention can lead tovo solution of tho difienlty, When all other means had been tried and failed, com- promise becamo the duty of the hour. The Tenisiann Democrats themselvos saw this, and agreed to subinit to the arbitration of the Congreasionn! Committee. The reasons they adduced for taking’ that step are sound, and fully warranted its taking. ‘Thoy were to “adjust the dificullies. growing ont of tho general tection of 1872,” that such an adjustment “was nee essary to tho ro-establishment of pence and order in the State.” By a vote of 88 yoas to 27 nays, it was agreed by the Democratic members that the General Assembly, rithout approving the same, should not disturb the Kettoca Government, or seck to impeach the Governor for any past officin! acts; that it wonld accord to the Governor ‘all necessary and legitimate support in mnintaining tho Jaw and advancing the peaca and prospority of the people of the State.” By this com- promise no principle was sacrificed. The Ketroga Government, it was solemnly de- clared, was not, as to its inception, to be ap- proved. But, to insure peaco and order, which, it was confessed, could bo insured in no other way,—which repented experiment had shown could not be preserved in any other way,—to advance tho cause of Inw, and to further tho prosperity of the whole State, the oxisting Government was to be accepled as the de fucto, not the de jure, Government, which all should recognize, In this arbitration and resolution therais an amount of political virtue and stateamanship which would have done credit to the Louisinna Democracy had they abided by itns they promised todo, It could emanate ouly froma people fitted for self-government, and would have been the best conceivable demonstration that the people of Louisiana were ablo to take caro of themselves, and the strongest rebuke that could be administered to any authority scek- ing unlawfully to interfere in their domestic affairs, IInd tho Louisiana Democracy ac- eopted tho terms of tho compromise, they would have won the regard—nay, the admira- tion—of the whole American people. Instend of this, however, they, or o large portion of thom, have issued a manifesto repudiating it in toto,—n manifesto which shows too plainly that they prefer the interests of a faction to those of the whole people, and subordinate their individual interests to those of law, of penco, and to the prosperity of the Stato, By this act they will lose much of tho sympathy they have so lately won from tho peoplo of the North. Had the partics to the compromiso yielded any principlo,—had they not in oxpress terms afirmed that their ac- tion was not an approval of tho Keznoaa Government,—there might be some excuse for this rojection of the sgreemont. But, made only in the interests of law, peace, good or- der, of the greater good of the State, the re- fusal of the Democracy to accept it monns only that, for law, peace, good order, and tho greater good of the State, they caro but little, when their individual ambitions como in con- fliot with them. The recognition of the Kr1- 1oco Government was a recognition under protest,—hence there was not any alienation of right or liberty, as those fire-entors claim in their passionate appeal. Torced upon the people at a time when all other means had failed, it was tho duty of all to accede to it, the more so as the Jeadors of both Demo- cratic and Republican parties had agreed to enter into the compromise, Now, what is tho result of the Demooratio action? ‘The people arokeptin a continual turmoil, Insecurity reigns through tho longth and breadth of tho whole State of Louisiana ; for who can tell at what time civil war may break out there once more? The ' effect on tho credit of the State is most dis- astrons, Capital will give it a wide berth. Its reouperation is postponed by a number of yoars, The sympathics of many of its new friends ara lost to it. And this is what tho Louisiana Democracy have done for the State by setting self abovo law, ordor, and the general welfaro, THE PROGRES: THE SOUTH. An article in the last number of the Vation on ‘Southern Society,” though not entirely unpartisan in spirit, contains some striking suggestions n9 to tho original couso of tho continued disturbances in some of the Sonth- ern States, It is to be sought in the desperate and lawless customs of the South, growing outof the condition of slavery before tho War, and oncouraged and developed by the War itsolf. Tho habits of the Southern peo- plo for generations recognized murder under certain circumatanoes asa markanda privilege of chivalry. Personal animosity, or what wo call “malice prepense,” was regarded dso justification at the South, while it has always been an aggravating circumstance and mato- rial evidence of murdor in the firat dogrea at the North. It was the cuatom of the people totake the law into their own hands and avenge their personal wrongs, An offense against honor or dignity required of tho offended person to call tho aggressor to account; the failure to do go involved social ostracism, Mon went about with their re- volvers and bowie-knives, roady to resent tho most trivial insults. Murder was only pun- ished when it was committed for the purpose of robbery ; it was scarcely prosconted when it was the result of personal or political dif- ferences betweon men, This recognition of a Southern adaptation of the Corsican yon- detta was the outgrowth of the exiatonco of slavery. Slavery fostored a gonoral disregard for human life, If slavery could have been eliminated from the South without supplying any incentive to tho Inwless disposition of the people, their customs might have changed more rapidly than thoy have; but, alavory being suddenly and forcibly abolish. od, the illiterate bondsmon were suddenly placed upouo footing of political equality with their former tnasters, and tho rule of the knife and the pistol was diverted from its formor adjustment of difficulties be- tween whites, and brought to bear upon tho blacks, Tho latter ccnsed to be valuable and desirable chattels, aud their lives had become even moro valueless thon those of white men, Many of tho whites troated the negrocs who offended them as they treated each other before the War when thoro was 9 supposed grievance or insult, The ‘ chivalrous” elemont ot tho South found a despised race suddenly olevated to political supremacy by reason of @ recon- struction which deprived the leaders of tho whites in the Rebellion of the right to vote, and conferred the franchico indiscriminately upon the blacks, ‘Ihe blacks were constantly offenders in the eyes of the whites, and the latter resorted to peraonal violence against them as they had resorted to it against each other before the War, Before the War, the people of the South called this roady appoal to the revolver “chivalry,” and the people of the North called it lawlessness. Tho some spirit, not yet entirely subdued, is now known as “intimidation.” ~ ‘The frat and most important chango to be noted at the South is the gradual disappear ance of this murderous habit, and the ro- markable progress that has been made toward supplanting lawle: +58 with an appeal to es- tablished tribunals of justice, With tho strong intluenco of habit, and the constant provoca- tion in tho relations of the despised race to tho whites, tho natural tondeney would have Deon to inerense the practice of killing whero there was any offense, real or imaginary, ‘Lhe fact is, that this tendoncy, as compared with tho ante-War condition, is slowly but surely being suppressed, ‘Lhore are various reasons for it, ‘I'he Introduction of Northern people into the South, thongh sometimes vicious in 8 political sense, has had the effect of dis- conntenancing tho old-time appeal to deadly weapons, Murdor ix moro frequently pun- ished, or atleast less frequently justified ; aud, instond of being chivalrous, it is now brought into « certain contempt ond con- tingent danger. Formerly it was accom. panicd by neither, unless it was committed with purpose of gain, Another reason is, that what is regarded as a common indignity has united the whites against the negroes in those States where the latter aro in political supremacy, Tho dan- gerous habit of the whites to resort to arma against each other is thus broken up, In those States whero the whites have regained political control, the negroes lave censed to bo a naturally antagonistic race. They no longer occupy o supremacy hateful to the whites, and have consed to be the targets for pistol practico orthe subjects of auntomical dis- section forthe bowie-knifo on account of their politics. In these States—tho two Virginians, Maryland, Delaware, North Carolina, 'Ten- nesseo, Kentucky, Missouri, Georgie, Texas— there is n more peaceable condition and grent- er security for human life, white and black, than there was bef»re the Civil War, 'Thoro are but three or four of tho Southern States —notably Louisinna, Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolinn—where the transition process is still disturbed with outrages, ‘Thero has beon progress oven in these States toward n peaceful condition, though it is not so marked as in the others, ‘Lhis progress i3 ovineed in the more liberal character of the logistation affecting the negroes and the mau- ner in which the iatter are treated. Tho Legislatures of North Carolina, Missis- sippi, Georgin, Alnbama, South Carolina, Florida, Virginia, ‘ennesseo, Texas, and Louisiana, conveucd immediately after the close of the Rebellion, enacted Jaws, under the sanction of Anpy Jounsoy, calculated to oppress the colored race in a degree ouly sec- ond to that of actual slavery. They mado negroes incompetent as witnesses ; declared marringe between blacks and whites illegal, and oftixed a penalty on those who solemnized these marriages ; discriminated against the blacks by attaching more severe punishments for the samo offenses ; established cruel ap- prentice Inws ; instituted vagrant acts of tha greatest hardship to the blacks ; prohibited the blacks from renting or leasing lands out- side of incorporated cities ; forbade them car- rying concealed weapons, though giving whites this privilege ; and, in various oth- er unjust and malignant ways, sought to perpetuate the spirit and restoro the substance of slavery, though the form had disappenred. Progress at the South is indicated by the repeal of all those laws, and tho general disappoarance of the senti- mont that prompted them, With these retrospective facts before us, the future prospects for the South are by no means gloomy. The whole country is to be congratulated upon the great progress to- wards peace and conoilintion which has al- ready been tnade in spite of tho wany serious and seomingly insurmountable obstacles. ‘This progress is a promise for better things in the future, The murderous propensity of the Southern people is losing its force aso habit, The hostility to tho blacks is disap- poring as rapidly as they aro permitted to resume the position to which their propor- tionate numbers and comparativo intelligence entitle them. The population of the South is, in round numbers, 10,000,000 of whites sud 5,000,000 of blacks, with the latter pro- dominating in three States, Aslong as the * color-line” exists, as long as thero is a whito man’s party and a black man's party, the whites ore entitled, under the rulo of the majority, to the political control, Aga raco, the whites ara comparatively intelligent and educated, on account of their superior advantages in tho past, and the blacks aro ignorant and poor. ‘The whites are thus entitled to the social su- promacy, os long as tho issue of color and the political divisions of race provail, Wo believe, howevor, that tho true solution of tho troublos at the South will bo the division of the blacks botween the various parties, The whites are roady and eager to divide whenever tho race-issuo or color-line shall disappear, Of this wo shall take occasion to say something mora in another article. Wo only point to it now as tho natural course by which the blacks may obtainn speody and effectual recognition of their political valuo, which will be accompaniod with a full recog. nition of thoir political and civil rights, When this shall como, we do not beliove that the old murderous habit of the South can bo revived, and ‘+ intimidation "and “chivalry” will disappear together, DE. DE KOVEN'S ELECTION. The election of Dr. Ds Koven to the Ti. nois Episcopnto has already aroused the hos- tilo criticism of the Low-Churchmen, and two of the strongost represontatives, Dr, Sunrivan, of ‘Trinity, and Dr. Powzns, of St. John’s, opened their batterios last Sunday, and poured a hot fire of heavy shot into tho olection and tho Ritualistic proclivities of tho Bishop-elect, Their sermons fairly bristled with indignant protestations, and, if they aro at all indicativo of the character of the forthcoming struggle between Nit. uolism and anti-Ritualism in this Dio- ceso growing out of Dr, Dz Koven’s election, it will at least not bo wanting in vigor, intensity, and intorest. Noither of theclergymon alluded to treated the matter inincingly, indireotly, or by the round-about manner characteristic of most clergymon when thoy are denling with matters inside thelrowndonominations, They atruck atraight at the mark, and the mark wasDr, DuKoven, Dr, Suttivay states the situation in tho fol- lowing positive manner + It will be avked: Do I then chay a the theology which the zeceut Convention honored wy elevating It to the Eplacopate of this Diocose with having overs passed these liroite? In tho sense of having ovei passed thesa Hmite 20 fur as to become an alwolute heresy, authoritatively condemued he the Church, I answer, No,—but in the sense of having transgressed so far as to stand on the very vorge of heresy, and consequently of involving the Church tn peril if lifted up to ous of her lofttest places of trust, aud houor, aud reepoombility, I unhesltatiogly anawer, Yes, and may anewor fe cchood back by thousands, From anothor standpoint he discovers ‘That the Zplecopate of this Diocese, hitherto char actorized by achurchmausbtp universally known ts contervalive, will becomes atronguold for the malu~ tenance and disseminatlon of teschinge on one of the twe gresb Bacrameutal ordinances of the Church, which, though not in exact accord with jecrens of the Council of Trent, yot aro dintinguishable from them only by the hetp of speeches and pamphlets bristling with euch fine-drawn metaphysical distinoe tlons as the popular mind cannot easily apprebenit or appreciate; terchings which nre now everywhere Tec ognized nn characteristic only of that extrema aohool of thought known us Ritualiem ; teachings which fur nish to thoro wlio desiro tt a ready and couyoulout stop- ping-stone to Rome, Dr, Suruivan is not only discontented with tho election itself, but equally so with the manner of it—tho memory of tho illegal yotes and other unworthy snbtorfuges by which tho advocates of Ttitualism in a mensuro seenred their end.” Dr, Powsns is even more bitter, and emphasizes this point a9 follows: Thero wero orhibitions of partiality, misraprosenta~ tion, anil partisanstip, to say nothing of bad taste and ‘bad mannots, which were disereditable to ay body of gentlemen met to consider aud setttn any question of public or private {nterost, ‘The Conatitution of tho Church itself was platuly violitod. ‘Fho ruling of tho Chair wae, in the opinion of some juat men, several {mes unfalr and unpariiamentary, Dobate was more than onco cut off where members hada right ta bo heard, or, if not wright, where courtesy woud not havo refused speech, There wore spocimens of tall which no term but “ pettifogging ” cau properly char- acterize, Anda kind of tactica avideutly learned in places remoto from the Church was practiced with tho ‘eaacof 9 long oxporience, ‘{wo more extracts will servo to show Dr. Powens’ viows ns to the election: ‘Thore who think thst the Ciurch in this Diocese ia to go forward to success and prosperity through the assertion of arrogant claims and priestly assumptions, irrespective of that kind of religious work and juflu= cuca which demonstrate their blesseil utility, aro the victims of a iniecrable doluslon, Tho poople, as a mass, will not be deluded by any diaplay of Ritual, nor be imyosod upon by the nesertious of the moat audacious ecclesiastical prerogativo, Let men put thelr conectonces into the hands of any class, however lofty their claims to apostleship; let men believa that any clos, by virtuo of thelr post Hon, become the diepenaors of Divine graco, and can give or withhold the gifts of Heaven, and you have 9 aitof slaves who can bo led at will. The history of tho Roman Church fe full of instructive oxamples, Once acknowledge the claims of n priesthood, and tho way {6 paved for auporstition aud thratidom. - An “outsider,” or a man of the world, however, may take a calmer and Iess impas- sioned view of the subject. Both Drs. Sun- Livan and Powsrns are disappointed at the re- sult of the election, and had other candidates whom they wished to see elected, and there- fore speak with warmth and with moro or less of prejudice, Matters may not proveto be as black as they fear, As to Dr, Du Koven’s in- telleetual ability there is no contest. As to his executive ability, all seem to bo agreed. No voice has yet been heard to speak against his Christian character. Being a man of in- tellectual and executive ability, and a sincere Christian, he will undoubtedly, in caso of his confirmation, come into tho Episcopate with a realizing senso of tho con- ditions attaching to it. He is not an arrogant, ambitious, domineering, com. bative, aggressive man, a3 somo Bishops havo beon, and, therefore, although he will live and die in his beliefs and isms, it is nltogether unlikely that he will do anything to fomont discords in his Diocese, that he will become tho leader of a-Ritualistio faction, or that ho will assume any risks of impairing the useful- ness of the Church in Illinois by creating divisions in it, There ate otzer reasons why he should take this ¢ 0. Ha was elected by a véry small and Coudiful voir, after con- siderable financieriny upon tho part of his frionds,—o votoso smill, in fact, thatho cannot construe it to mean 4 genoral invitation to como into the Diocesé, and there still attachesto that vote the suspicion of irregularity. Again, the seventy votes which Dr, Ds Koven ro- ceived in the clergy and laity wero not all Ritualistio votes by any sort of means, On the contrary, tho majority of thom wero anti-Ritualistic, and were cast cithor becausa the votors had perfect confidonco in him asa Christinn gentleman, or did not reporo any faith in tho rumors touching his dogmatic Dboliefs. All these facts would naturally be weighed by man of Dr, Ds Koven's ability and churchly venoration, and, being woighed, would lead him to the conclusion that it was the wish of the Episcopate that he should como in as its Bishop, and not as a Ritualistio proselytizer, When Dr, Dz Kovey attempts totake the Episcopate and deliver it to tho Vatican, or shows symptoms of such purpose, then will be the time to stop him, Until then, itdoes not seem to an outsider thore is any grave danger throatening it. BPECIE-RESUMPTION IN FRANCE. M. Vioror Bowyer hoa contributed to the Reoue dee Deux Mondes two articles on French finance. ‘Tho firat treats of the pay- ment of the German indemnity, and the soo. ond of themanagemont of the currency since the war of 1870, They have been translated by My, Gzoroz Waker and published by Avrzeton, ‘Lhe two, taken together, ara ao yaluablo guide to resumption, At the conclusion of the war, France, after having lost by it, according to the Minister of Finnuce, $1,857,776,400, directly and indi- rectly, had to bind herself to pay Germany within throo years the almost incredible sum of $1,000,000,000 and interest, She did so with comparativo easo, Tho frugatity of the French, despite their intonse love of pleasure, is great. It is dua in great part to the divis- ion of land and the frechold system, Thrift ig one of the crops which a farm produces. Mr, Joun Stvant Minn hos drawn a striking picture in his ‘Political Economy” of tho vast impetus given to French production and economy by the working of the Land lawa. Sir Ronen Pret onco asserted that “in En- Jond one person in five sponds his entire in- come or savings, while in France thero is aearcely one in forty who docs the same; the other thirty-nino male sav- ings.” M, Bonner caleulates the national savings, sinco 1815, at $600,000,000 a year, Moreover, from 1855 to 1870 Franco was so prosperous that the foreign exchanges woro in her favor, She thereforo’ got more than sho gavo, so that her wealth incronsed apace, She mado foreign nations her debtors, In 1870, sho was able to transfer 8100,000,000 of tho debts owed her by foreigners to Ger- many. This wiped out more than one-third of tho indemnity, without drawing a frano from the stock of spocio in the country. France held a number of the securities of other nations, She sold thesa (we again take M, Bonnzr’s figures) for §200,- 000,000, and transferred the proceods to Germany, This left her in debt to the Empire only $500,000,000, includ. ing tho interest. ‘This sum was raised by ao loan among the people, A considorable part of the bouds were afterwards sold to foreign- era—chiefly English and Germans. The amount of specie actually paid by France to Germany was only 512,294,938 francs, or a little over $100,000,000, Thus the specie- transfer was but one-tenth of the indemnity, The frugality, the favornble foreign ex- onanges, and the credit of France, therefore, enabled her to discharge adebt of 81,100,000,- 000 without seriously diminishlg: her stock of the preclons metals. That sl@ps was very large, M. Bonner estimates the amount of coin held by individuals in France at $1,000,- 000,000 or $1,200,000,000. ‘I'he knowledgothat this vast resorve existed gave the people con- ‘at that time by the Government, which way fidence that thelegal-tondersiasuod by tho Dan’, of Franco would bo apeedily redeomed. 'rhj, confidence kept down tho premiunt on gota, It renchod its highest point (2 1-2 per cont) in November, 1871. ‘Tho paper afloat wag then $4€0,000,000, Even this small prenj. uum wns duo in part to the demmd for jtq baying np foreign Lills of exchango every. where and sending them to Berlin, Tn Jan, uary, 1872, when tho Bank of France lind | issued 190,090,000 of notes on aspecians, | serve of only $120,000,000, the premium get. | ually fell 19 1 per cent, When tho cireuls, tion was increased to $640,000,000, the pre. minum disappeared. Tho reasons of this phe. nomonon seom to have been the decrenso jn the Government demand for speci, and the universal confidence of the people in the management of the national finances. ‘The paper of the Bank of Franco is now at par, although its apocia-reserve ia only 52 per cont of its currency circulation, It is diMeult to arguc from the one country to the other, from France to America, he cause the commercinl and econonical hatits of the two aro so widely difforont. ‘Theory are, however, two great facts which underliy tho history of resumption in Franco, ang which apply cverywhere, Resumption yay possible, becauso (1) the conntry had a Tange stock of the precions mctnls on hand, and (2) the foreign exchanges wero favorable, ‘The Intter reason really involves the formers) that we may restrict our inquiries to jt, Franco exported part of almost every. thing sho grew, mined, or mannfi. tured, Sho sent abroad her prodnets in the raw ond tho finished state, He foroign trade has trebled since 1833. By ex, porting the fruit, not only of the plow an) the hoe, but of the anvil and the loom, sts hos been enabled to meet all her obligation: to other nations and put them in her debt, Tier foreign credits were #0 large that, ns we havo nlxeady stated, sho could transfer 400,000,000 of them to Germany. If she had puraued our plan of preventing exports tion of manufactures by o high tarif, she euuld not have kept her paper any ucarer par than we have kept ours, and the day of re. sumption would bo as far off at Paris as itis at Now York, If wo ore to resume before the greenback; are oldor than Meravsruau, we must do as Franco has done,export manufactures a { well as agriculture, At present wo can send” only our surplus farm products abron, ‘Their small value in great space aud weigit makes them the most unprofitable kind of a ports, What we need to do is to send to th: naticns of the world the products of ocr highest skill ond our best lubor,—thinp | whick have great value in small space aul | woight. But this is precisely what onr high tariff prevents being done, by making th: manufacturer pay more for his raw material, his michinery, his labor, ete., than his for. nign rival docs, It thus shuts him ont of a! foreign markets, and gives him only the pr- carious high profits of a glutted home markd in exchange. It is by shunning such folly that Franco has been able to resume specs paymonts, Tho Minnesota friends of Mr, Bruxy Kni who have feared his mysterious disappearances was the result of foul play, muy set tlt miadi ot rest. Tho lost child has beer foun. He has beon traced to Compton, s little town hid away in tho interior of Canad, abut 115 miles from Toronto, Ho express] © surprise thata Deputy Sergennt-at-Arms ct « Comzress should have discovered him avi rorved a summons on him to appear befc: tho Committee and toll what ho knows ab:ct thaé 125,000 lobby monoy which Inux sveorshe paid him, It must indeed bev ‘bron a great surprise to Kine. He has ben teling a vacation, to oscape the extreme het, of the scason, in a part of tho country knovs for its cool and salubrions air, especially is winter, He chose an obscure spot in orl to rid himself for 9 time from the cart of state which were weighing heni ly upon him. And here is a py ing, officious, and impertinent subordin: of Congress who dares intrude himself upc: the Hon, Mr, Krxo's rotiracy, and revive tt disagreeable recollection of $125,000 whi have been placed whora it was supposed it would do the most good. Of course tho Hox. Mr, Krna, in his remote summer retreat, . not heard of the recont revolations before t Pacific Mail Committee ; perhaps he did want to hear of them. Ag it is, he will pri ably not bother himself about them, Hew! very likely remain-in Canada during his vec tion, which will come to a close March 4, uw loss there is an extra session of Congress. It must be a consolation to his friends to {ul that, with $125,000 to go on, he can pass (te time vory comfortably. Meanwhile, we not know how tho Committee will get at bin unless they resort to the dovice recommenced to the pmall boys for catching birds. ~ OFFIOIAL ‘8EED3, Thore is @ Commissioner of Agriculture # ‘Washington, who mses a comfortable tiviug ¢* of @ long-abused pubho by emitting mouthlyit ports in which bad grammar and worse set strive forthe mastery, and by wailing dried? Heads, from time to time, to any unfortumle whose name happons, by perverse fate, to be oo tho rogistry of the Bureau of Agriculture. TH furming iuteresta of the country are supposed be bound up in thiv Bureau. When It Tornaris ‘an orange-seed, doue up in » yard of red tape, a lucklesa Granger living In the Northwest, th? Jand in that neighborhood ie supposed 1 braak out Into orauge-groves. Florida clit ena grow fat on the tone of corm # wheat which the bucolic potentate the head of tho Department considers to bet? raw material beet adapted for Morida fast ‘Phere is no record of anybody's ever having ty the Commissioner's report excapt tho Comm : sioner bimeelf and the luckloss jourualista whoo? i vocation oblige them to wearch through tbe? f } { be mountalns of chaff Iu the vain hopo of findiag * germ of Bouse. rs Congressmen bave a tender facling Lien the Bureau soeds. They are a cut-and-dne® eupeciatly dried, argument for tho restoration ; the franking privilege. When our law-t! a sre considering whether thoy can get Mo franking and re-election, the ‘bov0r® on members from the rurat districts sro" a thetto over the crying need of the oul for @ free distribution of embryo flowere and patenips, Thoir conatitucols to bo starving for weeda, ‘The bout canngt be happy unless whe received forte an assortment of Infantile eunflowersand sb, of baby-beets, The “sunburned son of Ms f | cannot be kept luvide the party if be is de ie of the chance to eke out hia Income Dy the monthly agricultural reporta to the La set eA A lightuing calculator would bavoto labor # 2 ed fn ordor to astimate the oumber of ant try Congrestmen have remarked that tne Kee ness would biousom as the rose if it ae provided with a fow more tone of frank aa : put-seeds, Fraoking, apparently, wade seb mysteriols virtue to the berm aad the Bureau of Agriculture dumps by the {nto the Post-Ofica at Washington. ook, | ‘Tho Bureau really does so little, if any Bey that it would take several dozen Sret-olat oroscopos and Lalf-a-duzen Puxxastoss 0