Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 8, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1875. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. BATES OF SUBSCRIPTION (PATARLE IM ADVANCE). Postage Prepaid at this Onic eat TI 83.00 ‘To prevent delay and mistakes, be aure and give Post. [dress In full, including State and Coonty. Remittances may be made eithor by draft, express, Post Office order, of In registered letters, at our rink, TRRMA TO CITY BUBSCTIDERS. Dally, delivered, Sundar excepted, 25 cents per week Daily, delivered, Sunday included, 80 conte per wool Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearbe Chicago, Il, ‘TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. M'VIORRR'S THEATRE Madison street, Pp arborn and State, “ngagoment of Mra. D, PL "Lady Andiey's Secret,” between Bowers. AOADRMY OF MUSIC— Halsted straet, between Mad~ won and Mource. | *'Grana Uaile.” corner Mons Spy." Ni sHUUSE—Clark | atraet, site ee Se tip a Lesa Miata. °° Uuele harms SRUM— Monroe sireet, betwoan Dear- pormaad Ba iet UTD Van Winkie ADRLPHI THRATRE—Deathorn street roa, Variety entertainmoot. ‘The Frencl "S THRATRE—Randotoh strest. between “Tho Little Rebel.” McCORMICK HALL-N Clark street, corner Kin- wie, Consort by the itich jernard Concert: Troupe. DVERT! INDEX THIRD PAGR~City and Suburban Real Estate, Real Wanted, Tioarting and. Lodging, ‘0 ie vinaelal, Musoa, Stores and Carian, Agents . Vo eta, ets SIXTH PAGEtalroad TimeTable, Ocean Btexm- sips, Medical Cards, ete. eto, SEVENTU PAGE-—Amitemonte, The Chieaga Cribune. Monday Morning, February 8, 1875. Tho system of prepnying postage on nows- spapers does not bring in so largo returns to tho Department as were expected. Thero was n serious imiscalculation both of the amount of postage attually uncollected and of tho printed matter transmitted, Atty.-Gen, Wia1ass confessed to an In- vestigating Committce Saturday that he was prompted to send troops into Alabama last fall by information from peculiar sources, nnd that he held no correspondence on the subject with the Governor of tho State, Tho line of defense agreod upon by Mr. Bercuen’s counsel is foreshadowed this morn- ing in our Now York dispatches, It is much more tenable than any previously suggested, as much on account of the points it avoids as for those it touches. ‘The alleged attempt to blackmail, for instanco, forms no part of it, By the latest reports from Washington it appears that Chicago is far ahead in tho con- test for a new mint in the Mississippi Valley, yet without any great chances of success at this session of Congress. Tho claims of St, Louis, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis are easily disposed of, but thoro atill remain objections of various kinds, such as Congressmon aro ingenious in inyonting when it serves their turn to bo. The Hennepin Canal bill has, it sppears, fallen upon evil times, Mr, Boncuanp, of tho Fifth Illinois District, made a strong speech against tho passage of the bill Satur- day, The moro fact of tho Illinois deloga- tion being divided on the subject is almost enough to insure its defeat. Besides, Dawes is preaching economy pretty vigorously; and he can seo no pecfliar morits in the Henno- pin projectkabove those of a dozen othors, Bermons by Drs, Burzrvan and Powers * touching upon the recent clection of Dr. Dr Koven to tho Bishoprio of Illinois, and ex- pressing discreet Low-Church views of tho misfortune of the choice, ara published on snother page of this paper, Dr. Dz Koves’s statement that his election is a complete vin- dication of Dr. Szyaovn will, wo fear, rankle for a long time to comein the bosoms of the Low-Chburch clergy. Unfortunately it came too late for treatment in the pulpit yester- day. The Ways and Moans Committee issue a fair warning to morchants who think of foro- stalling the action of Congress on tho tariff, All persons concerned ‘are officially adviged that no final dociaion has been reached in ro. spect to any of the propositions made and entertained. This is almost an excesa of con- sidoratencss. Importers who speculate onan incroase of customs-duties must, of course, ave on elomont of uncertainty to take into the account, but the Committes’a notico makes this element out of all proportion to the possible gains, The alternative now is to disbelieve the Committee or to stop spacu- lating. The Florida Logislature had been unnble, st last accounts, to elect a United States Benator. Four members of the House, at the outset relied upon to vote with tho Deinocrate (ga they had dono in the eleotion of Speaker), hold the key to tho situation, and are im- movable, as yet, to unlock it. In the mean- time, the Democrats present a solid front of 37 votes, while the 86 votes of the Repub- cane have nover been united, and the 4 Independent votes only add to tho general confuslon, The Democrats havo, by turns, used the names of Wrxinson Carz, Sonator-cloct under the Jonn- 80N reconstruction of 1866; Davm 8. Warxea, who was Govornor in the Joun- son reconstruction; Rongnr Buntoc, a Con- federato General, candidate for Lioutonant- Governor in 1872; and Joun A, Hzxpznson, ® contestant for oseat inthe next House. ‘Tho Republicans have voted for Saver DB. MoLm, presont Searetary of State; and for Bat Warren, Puooron, Wrruengroon, and Livmasrow, all colored men. On ono ballot Joun L. Rzqua, an adventurous capitalist from New York, had 22 votes. Honario Busrx, Jr, tormorly of Wisconsin, now ‘United States District-Attorncy in Florida, hos hod some strength in the Republican caucus, but no votes in the Joint Cone vention, Henny 8, Baxronn, formerly Minis- tor to Belgium, and of late yeara an orange-grower on the St. Johns, has also been in walting ot Tallahasseo with letters of commendation from infuontial Republicans at Washington, On tho Sd inst. Gov. Davip B, Waxes would have boen declared elected kad not a member timely cxplained that his vote was for Saas Warxrk. On the 4th, Mr, Tioxs, the leader of the Indopondents, throw in a fire-brand that ‘corrupt and improper means had been used to influence votes,” and the matter has now gone into formal investi. gation, The Chicago produco markets were gen. erally steadier on Saturday. Mess pork vas active and 12@200 por bri lower, closing at @18.30 cash, and 818.45 for Maroh, Lard Was activeand 21-2@50 per 100 tbs lower, ebosing at $13.60 cash, and §19,75 for Beoch, Meats were in good demand and firm, at 6 1-2@6 5-80 for shoulders, 9 1-2@ 96-80 for short ribs, and 97-8¢ for short clears, Dressed hogs were quiet and firm, closing at 8.00, Highwines were moro active and firmer, at 98¢ per gallon, Flour wns quiet and unchanged. Wheat was less active ant easier, closing at 85 8-40 cash, and. 87¢ for March. Corn wasactive and o shade firmer, closing at 63 S4e cash, and 71 1-20 seller May. Oats were active nnd 1 1-4c¢ higher, closing at 52 9-8¢ cnsh, and 52 5-80 for Marel:, Ryo was quict and steady at 96@Y7c. Bar. ley in better demand and firmer, closing at $1.18 for Margh, Live hogs were quict and easier on thd better grades, selling at $6,50@7.46 por 100 Ibs. Cattle were dulland casier, Sheep wero quict and A letter from Wisconsin, published in another column this morning, explains how Mr. Axaus Castenon came to be elected auc. eossor to Mr. Canpenter. Much of the oredit of the work is given, it will bo observed, to Judge Doorrrix, whoso influence with tho Democratic caucus is supposed to bo para- mount. Tho Judge’s speachos to tho caucus sre certninly not specimens of tho most persuasive kind of oratory, yet they abound in suggestions of a possible compen- sation in the future for sacrifices made now. Judge Doorirttz himself has aspirations, it is snid, to Mr, Howe's seat in the Senato; and his services to Mr. Castenon and tho anti- Canrestzn men will be urged a3 “claims” upon them when the opportunity of payment is presentod, THE LOUISIANA COMPROMISE, Tho offorts of the beat men in the country of both parties have beon given of late to the settlement of tho disgrageful conflicts in Louisiana upon any basis that would give pence to the Stato and to the country. ‘The oxisting facts present serious difficnltios, ‘Tho clection of 1872 is pronounced by the Senate Investigating Committee to have beon illogal because of its gross frauds. This judgment, whilo it disproved Kettoao’s right to govern, equally cot aside McExrny’s claim to bo Clov- ernor, Tho Sub-Committee of the House, composed of five men of both partics, unani- mowsly declared the samo election illegal be- causo of fraud; the Prosident has de- clared the same thing; and on that point there is but ono opinion among all honest and fair-minded men, Tho remedy proposed was that Congress should take steps to Lolda now election. Against this the whole Demoerntic party in Congress and several Republicans enter a protest, denying to Congress the constitutional au- thority to take charge of State elections. In the meantime, the President has been com- pelled to recognize a de fucto Govornment in tho Stato, and has supported it ponding somo other settloment which he urges to be made. Tho attempted revolution by Wiu7z on tho 4th of January is now consicered by Demo- erats to havo been a great mistake. It was rasbly casting away the Democratic con- trol of the State Legislature. It served also to further embarrass the already serious com- plications of tho National seandulum maj- natu, Finally, it was agreed between the lenders of the Republican and Domocralic parties, and the various members of the Legislature of both parties, to submit tho whole subject to the arbitration of the Congressional Com- anitteo now in session in New Orleans, Among those thus asking that Committeo to arbitrate and ngrecing to abide by the decision was Wirz, Kettosa, Antoins, ond the Itepub- licans all agreed to abide the award, ‘Tho Congressional Committee prepared on agroo- ment reciting the submission of the contro. versy to them; deciding that the several partics claiming election to the Legislature shall unite and organize tho Legislature just as it was before tho military interferonce, ‘This would give the Democrats a majority of tho members in tho Lower House, When thus organized, the Legislature was to adopt the following joint resolution: Waenras, Doubts havg existed and still exiat as to the legal resulta of the election in this Statein the month of November, 1872; aud Witemzas, It is alleged and by alarge portion of this Blato belleved thet the reault of electiou for members of the House of Roprenentatives and for Tresaurur in the month of November Iast waa illegally determined aud promulgated by the Returning Boards und Wuenras, These doubts, allegations, aud Leliefs hare tended greatly to disturb the publ itnd and unsettle confideice, aud injuriously to sffoct tho mat 7 terenta of the State; and. as ‘Witzrzas, It ie deemed necessary to tho welfare of the State thut an adjustment of tha foregoing dlaicul toa should be olfected ; therefore, boit hereby Resolved, By the General Asuembly of the State of Loulsions, that said Assembly, without approving the same, will not disturb the present State Government claiming to have been elected in 1872, and known aa the KeLtoua Governnient, a to impeach the Gov- ernor forany past oficial a and that henceforth will accord to said Governor hocewsory und legitt- mato support iu maintaining the lawand advaucing the peace aud prosperity of the people of thia stato, and that the House of sepresentatives, aa to its mombers aa constituted under tho award of Gzonox F, Hoar, Wittuat A. Wuzenen, Wititax I, Frye, and SaMURLS, Mansitart, hall romain witlout change oxcopt by resignation or death of members until snow Beneral election, and that the Senate herein rocog- ized shall remain unchanged excopt eo far as thit body may itself make changes on conteats, ‘This agreomont, propared by tho Congress- ional Committeo, was submitted to the Dem- ocratio members of the Houso on Friday night, and adopted by a vote of 38 to 27, Wu.zz ond McEngnr rofused to abide by it, A fow other oxtromo Democrats denounced it, and on Saturday the Bulletin, tho firc-cating organ, furiously opposed it, and at night on Saturday there was a wild and excited movt- ing of oxtromists denouncing tho plan of settlement, The senso or morality of this opposition is hard to understand, What do they want? Conceding that the Ketroao Government was nevor duly elected and is the roault of fraud, it must bo equally con- coded, from the evidence adduced, that the McEneny Government must bo ro- jocted for the very same reason. ‘Thero was hardly a protenso of honesty on either nide. ‘Iweyears havo elapsed, and to dis- lodge ono usurper to make room for another equally as bad, if not worse, would not rem- edy any wrong, but would ptungo the State and country into further disorder. ‘The Pres. ident would havo to keep an army in Louisi- ana in either cago to preserve the peace, But these men protest against thia compromiso settlement, and domand that McExeny shall be installed as Governor! Their object, how- over, ix not peace, They do not want 0 set- tlement. They propose to prolong the anar- oby in Lonisiana until 1876, in ordor “to fira the Northern heart,” and to serve os political capital in tho Presidontial election, The Bul Ictin, in urging that the plan of settlement bo rejected with contempt, thus appeals to the North + Patrfote of the North, let the voice of Gnawr's victimes fn Loulaiaus warn you fn tins, Arim yourselves withe out delay; band youraclve: neti fa uate flea organize by States, and your worthy aud trues teadara chow who love lterly know ead other, and get ured to coneorted action, Put vide funds, munitions, wud stores enough for ® prolonged compalyn. Lo, ready when duty deuutde it to take the field i such numbers aa to cfusu oul tyranny be- fore t becomaca supreme, You ran depend upon host of the noldiera of the urintes who fought for the Gor. erainent aud Union, if you organize and prepare in due feawou, Your couutry, your threat Hbdertica, und the palpable oncroachmenty, plain latentions of your exemifes, call for uctive preparation, In the manie of Uberty, wo coujury you to heed thls warning aud Le ways All thin {a very silly, and, woro is avt ut- tered in behalf of rebellion, civil war, aud strife, would be laughable, Insober oarnust, lot us say to theso crazy people in Louisiana that, should this plan of peaceful settlement be rojected, which gives the Democrats con- trol of the Legislature, which is of necessity the real governing power of tho Stato and merely permits Krtoaa to servo as de facto Governor mntil tho next election, there will not bea “patriot of the North” of any po- litical party who will “ arm himself,” or con- vert himsclf into a soldier, or take the least paina or trouble to defend tho idiotic erea- tures in Louisiana or elsewhere who want to keep up tho deplorable and sickening contro- versy in that State. Wo say to these reckless demngogues in Louisiana that tho best, ablest, and most sincere friends they have had in their renl_troublo aro tho consorvative Republicans, who have stood by them firmly and resolutely in insisting that the election frauds of 1872 and of 1874 shall bo remedied. ‘The intemporance and fouaticism of these Now Orleans zealots have stood in tho way of any fair sottloment heretofore, and, if the samo intemperance and fanaticism ahall now defeat this amicablo, and under all the circumstances of doubt and fraud most equitable, adjustmont of tho whole miserable controversy, then the North will bo again a unit in demanding that peace bo maintained at whatever cost and at all hazards. Tho people of the North are a reading and thinking peoplo, Thoy insist on fair elections, ‘They denounce frand and will not countenance it, and, hed the Demo- cratic party in Louisiona in 1872 had clean hands and unpolluted ballot-boxes, they would have been sustained by the whole Northern people, But when the question of tho clec- tion of 1872 turns on the poiut as to which party lind resorted to tho grosser frauds, which had lied, cheated, forged, and fabri- cated the most, tho Northern sentiment re- volted against any recognition of cither class of criminal demagogues, To them it wag an even thing between Wanaorn and Kex1oaa, Derrut and MoEyeny. Tho Bulletin may rest assured that the Northern people will take caro of ‘their country, their threatened liberties, nnd the palpable encroachments and plain intentions of their enemies,” ond at the same time keep the pence in Louisiana, ‘Tho rosolutions of the fanatical leaders at tho Saturday night mecting disclosed that tho purpose was not to restore peace, but to keep tho angry controversy open as political cap- ital for the elections of next year, After re- citing what they hare endured, they add: “Wo aro admonished by the gravos of our fathers, and by the memories of their suffer- ing in the cause of liberty (rebellion and at- tempts to destroy the Union), that i 1 our duty to super in the same holy cause.” This is tho wail of the self-mado martyr. The coun- try has heard thot kind of stuff before, It is, under the cireumstances, dis- gusting, nauseating twaddle. It ix tho cry of the sick man who refuses to bo cured, and who prefers to ox. hibit his wounds and sores to having them healed, It is stolo logic in these days of practical sense. Tho man who rofuses food that he may ery out that ho is starving, fails to elicit any sympathy savo for his stupidity. Those Louisinna mountebanka who proclaim their duty to be to suffor, will, at tho North, evoke more contempt for their knavery than sympathy for their self-imposed suffering, ~ We havo faith, howover, in tho calmer judgment of the conservative people, whose suffering trade and commerce demand pence and order, We havo faith that theso people will set aside tho lunatic vaporings of thoso cheap Johns, and will sustain this settlement, and thus re-establish civil government, peace, and order in tho now unhappy State of Louisiona. On tho 20th ultimo, the Senate Committeo on Railroads hed the pleasure of hearing the represontatives of the Southern Pacitic (Cali- fornin) Railroad ond tho ‘exas Pacific expose each other’s schemes for aub- sidy-getting, Unfortunately, Messrs, Hunz- tNaron and Cowton on the one’ side, and Mr. Toss Scorr on tho other, did not get very mad until just at tho end of the inter- view, so that tho intoresting disclosures wora nipped in tho end. Tho Southern Pacifico makes a pretty good showing in this argument. It asks to be treated as the Central Pacific was whon the Union Pacific was being built,—that is, to be subsidized in the same way that Scorr's Tex- as Pacifico is, and hava the whole sub- sidy apportioned betweon it and tho ‘Texas Pacific in proportion to tho number of miles constructed by each. Tho advantages of such a division of the subsidy spoil—pro- vided Congress is foolish, weak, or vonal- enough to grant any aid at all—mny be thus summarized briefly: First, the South. orn (California) Pacific is now building, with- out Government aid, a road from San Fran- cisco to Fort Yuma, on the Colorado River, whore the Texas Pacific is to entor Onlifornia, ‘The longth of tho route surveyed between ‘Frisco and Yuma is 722 miles, A strotch of 400 miles of road has been already construct- ed, A branch is to be built to San Diego. Scorr oska for o subsidy of $40,000 a mile to extend hia road north. ward from Yuma to tho San Gorgonio Pasa ond then extend it 160 miles to the southwest to San Diego. Now, if hia subsidy coases at Yuma, this work will be done without aid by the Southorn Pacific, and the United States will save a subsidy loss of $42,000,000! ‘Thus: B50 miflem mt $40,000,.0..0s.sceres Interest (6 per cent for forty yea Totalssereoseees $14,000,000 28,000,000 + +$42,000,000 It is really wortlf while for o country that cannot pay its running expenses without in- crensing taxation to save this nico little sum of 342,000,000. But thisis not all. If tho Southern and Texas Pacific are treated alike, there will be the samo rivalry in track-laying between them that existed betwoen the Con- tral and Union Pacific. Tho result will be that the railroad will be completed in less than half tho time that would be spent upon it if not well-pushed only from one end. Surely, if this route is so great- ly to be desired as the Courter-Journal thinks, if it is tobe such o national bleasing asthe disinterosted Scorr asuerts, thon the sooner we havo it the better. It makes no difference to tho plundered tax-payer which set of schemes gets most of the spoil. It amazes us, of course, to find that Col, Scorn, who, os overybody knows, wants tho road built for the sake of the country and not at all for the benefit of hia Credit-Mobillor Con- struction Company, actually opposes a mens- ure which will give the poor country its uighed-for railroad threo years sooner, In tho third place, if Scort controls the whole rond, he will use it meroly as a feeder for the Penn. sylvania Contral and Philadelphia, discrimb uating agninet other through routes, agaluat Now York, Boston, and Baltinoro, and against tho Bouthorn citlea which he has dupod into supporting his project, This will bo prevented if another man or sot of mon 83 rapidly as possible, controla tho western half of tho road. Tho Southern (California) Pacific ia no longer un- der the control of the Central Pacific, ao that ono objection falls to tho ground. No subsidy should be given under any cir. ‘eumstances ; but if Congress is desperate enough to rob the public for this object, tho i should not be confined exclusively to ‘om Scorr, Let the snbsidy-grabbors have a fair deal all around, If Congresamen mean to assassinate their chances for re-election by voting 375,000,000, principal and interest, of the peoplo’s money into the pockets of rnil- rond speculators, lot tho monoy be put whera ‘it will do tho most good." Let us than have this “ national blessing "—this railrord through the sand-hills, the arid plains, and volcanic deserts along the borders of Moxico—constructed in thrée yenra instead of six or ten, If Congress is, howover, wiso, and knows what is good for its political health, it will vote no subsidy out of an empty Treasury or pockets of a tax-ridden people, and Tox Scorr’s Credit Mobilior will collapse, Ho is n bold momber who will voto for any subsidy since tho exposure of tho Memphis & El Paso bribery. What expla. nation will the Hon, Morton 0, Hoyer, for instanca, offer his constituents if ho votes for the grab with those shares of stock in his pocket ? Messra. Hustixotox, Couroy, and Scott enlivened their debate by various flings and sneers at each other. We quote two pleasing remarks by Scorr and Tuntixeros, Quoth the former: ‘Tho gentleman talks about tho Government furnishing the money to build this road across the continent; the Govern- ment did that once for one lino and they did it to a proBt of probably $40,000,000 in hard money to tho gentlemen who carried out the schome.” To which saith Houxtixaron: “I would like to say one word; if forty millions were made by parties that received $16,000 per mile, haw much will Col, Scorr make upon receiving $40,000 per inile ?” The attention of the American tex-payer is called to this conundrum, How much will Col. Scort's confederates pocket, and out of whoso pockets will the grab como? THE EUROPEAN MILITARY SITUATION. Tho Loudon Zea, in a recont article upon. tho military situation in Europe, calls atten- tion to the fact that the various nations, headed by Germany, are arming thernselves Germany hos passed tho Landsturm bill, which means the arming of Gormany en masse in caso of war, the transformation of every German capable of bearing arma, belween 18 and 45 years of ago, into a soldier, In other words, the mele population of Germany will bo its standing army. ‘Lhe faster Germany arms, says tho Times, the foster must Trance and Russia arm, France now has about a million and three-quarlers of men in arms, Prussia moro than threo millions and a third. Austria, Italy, Denmark, Holland, and Switzorland are arining os fast as they can. Spain is so constantly engaged in civil wars that she has no time to look after future contingencies. Great Britain ig a commercial country and moves slowly in o military direction. The Times says: ‘When armamonts are measured by millions, almost within sight of this land, it costa a povitive effort of gravity to tulk of our own, Tho utmost amount of land forces we could turn out, under all heads, for tho protection of theae Ialea, under the most critzcal cir- cumetancer, would hardly too fifth or alxth of what Franco could put in the field, or o tenth of the forces whicb Princo Disstanox could raiss out of the ground ‘by aatomp of his foot, All that our army is eqital to {ato garrison our forts, to guard our coaats, and to n- struct our volunteers and reserves, We cannot people remote continents and isleaand have our men at home, Wo cannot have them working day aud night at face torles and learning at the sume t!me tho arts of offenso and defenuo, The navy {a our ono arm in the acale of Coutinental war, Hero wo oro beyond rivalry, and have only to remember that wo have little elsa but ships, and must make tho beat of our single defense, Although England is not increasing her land forces, sho is, and foralong time has beon, increasing the number of her vessola and their armamonts, nnd improving the de- fonses of her sea-const towns, so that she may bo also included in tho list, All this military activity and energy havo been inspired by Germany, and particularly by the Lansturm bill, By this measure, 2,000,000 more men ara placed at the disposal of tho German Government in case of war. Under this bill, tho Government can call on all able-bodicd men, between the ages of 18 and 45, not belong- ing to the army or the reserva; and, in addi- tion to this, the Landsturm, though formed into separate battalions, can be utilized to Mall vacancies in the Landwehr, or active march. ing forco, This Landsturm will wear the same uniformas the Landwohr, ond, although it will never assemble in time of peace, yat it will be under drill, will bo thoroughly armed and officered, and its members and officers wilt be as carofully registered at the War Office ag any other part of thoarmy. In re- gard to ita uge, the Zines says: Like all matters of » purely military mature, the order calling out tho Laudsturm, part or wholo, re- quires only the signature of the Emperor, and ia inde- Peudeut of the Stute Council, Hence it follows that, should trouble arise ina Cuthollo district at a thne whon the fortune of war is going against Germany,— and such lke ebullitions have tu be provided for,—the Emperor by a aingle atroke of the pou will be able to place by fartho groster part of all able-bodiod mon under martial law, Looking upon it from this point of view, the moasure completos the national arms. ments, not only against forelyn but also against do- meatic encraies, Although all Europe is arming itself, it does not follow that war is to come as a con- acquence, England, France, Russia, and tho other nations are arming themselves simply because Germany is arming, and Ger- many is arming simply upon general suspi- cion of the hostile intentions of her French neighbor, It doea not indicate that she in- tends to wage an aggressive war on France or Teuasia, or that sho has marked out any pro- gramme of conquest or invasion, After a lapse of centuries, the States of Germany aro enrolled under ouo banner and acting under one common hend, and the arming of the nation simply moans not only national do- fonse, but that in case of a Euro- pean war Gormany will not be tho battlo- fold, and that other nations shall nor fight upon her soil, rob, dospoil, and par. tition hor as hau been dono so often in times past, Tho Government has evidently de- cided that it is better to arm the whole peo- plo than run any risks of having tho integrity of the union projudiced, What tho result of this general arming may bo it is not easy to foresee. It may ond in a grand volcanic eruption when the match js applied, and, where all the nations are heavily armed and in full fighting trim, 0 very slight cause may precipitate the fury of ‘war upon all Europe, It may end, on the othor band, in o gonoral dis- arming by mutual agreement, for war cannot but oripple and finally pavalyze the industrial resources of those nations. ‘These vaat bodies of man cannot be kept under arms without oxbaustiug oxpense, andthat expenso roust be paid by the laboring people, Those enormona massed of mon cannot be with. drawn from the various dopartmenta of in- dustry without hindering and crippling indus. try, and straining the working-classoa beyond their powers of endurance. Tho eneral arming of Europe, it is estimated, has al- ready taken twelve millions of able-bodied young men from their work. Such a torrible strain as this canuot bo made without ex- hausting the energies and tho resources of the people, and drying up the sources of ua- tional wealth, THE QUEEN'S SPEECH, Tho speech of Queen Vicronra on the open- ing of the British Parliament, received by enable and published n day or two ago, is cer. tainly the least eventful paper evor submitted by any great sovercign asan exposition of the affairs of a mighty State, Iler Mojesty is Queen of a domestic Kingdom of 32,000,000 peoplo; those people are tho greatest. mer chants in the world; their commerce extends to every inhabited land; they purchase the raw material of every people, and sell the manufactured product wherever there is purchaser abla to buy. ‘Their capital is in- vosted the world over. In addition to being the Queen of this wealthy and prosporous, peoplo, Vicronta is the sovercign of the great- ost Empire of the time, tho oxtent of which Empire is expressed in tho phrnse that ite ‘morning drum-bent encircles the globo, and. the sun nover sets upon its possessions.” The monarch of this mighty Empire, upon the assembingo of hor Legislature, laid be- foro them a statement of the national nflaira ; and that statement might have been con- donsed into a single sontence: ‘Peace, plen- ty, and prosperity provail everywhere under my flog.” Her Majesty's suggestions as to needed legislation do not equal in number or importauce those of the Mayor to tho City Council. What she saysis: “ My relo~ tions with all foreign Powers aro friendly, and tho peace of Europe is unbroken, 1 have concluded to have no futher part in the conferencos on the wsagos of war, Princo Arrnossr: has been called to the throne of Spain, and E shall soon make up my mind whether ho is to be recognized or not, Efforts to suppress the slave trado in Eastern Africa continue, My Minister aided in establishing peaco between Chinn and Japan. My colonies aro peacoful and prosperous, I propose to estahlish a native administration in Natal, An ample Larvest and my good management averted tho loss of lifo from famine in India. I adviso tho repeal of the Sedition Inws for Ireland; the enactment of laws regulating tho trans- fer of Inud, and completing the reconstruc- lion of the judiciary; tha improvement of dwollings for the working classes; the pre- vention of tho pollution of rivers, and the es- tablishment of the office of Public Prosccu- tors,—and that is all that theSovercign of the British Empire had to communicate to tho National Parliament! ‘To tho unfortunate reople of this country who are subjected to the twenty-column messages of Presidents, Governors, Mayors, and even longer reports of Secretaries, Auditors, Comptrollers, and other oficers, the Qucen’s speech indicates that England is a political Elysium. Not o word nbout expansion or contraction, or re- sumption of specie payment, of increasing tho taxes, of suppressing insurrection, or mili- tary interforence, of wars of races, of syndi- cates and gold-rooms, of white leagues or col- ored outrages, of panic, disaster, and prostra- tion of production, and inability {0 export manufactures, ‘These things are unknown to Great Britain and to her Government or peo- ple. Peace, prosperity, abundance, sound money, civil order, honest and faithful admin- istration, and light taxes are univorsal in the British Empire. Turning, at tho close of her specch, to tho immediate representatives of the people, the Queon presonts the following picture: GrNtLeMEN oF THK HouRR of ComMoNs: ‘The finances aro ins satisfuctory coudition, ‘The trade of tho country has somewhat fallen shorty but there haa been geueral prorrerfty mupporied by an exceltont harvest, Reduetiona of taxation have ted ton steady mereas in the consumstin of the necessaries of ie and of auch articles ua contribute to the revenue, We submit this whole specch to tho careful consideration of the American people. Thi most important moasures which the Govern- ment has to recommend for Parliamentary action isthe enactment of some sanitary measure to keep the waters of rivers from becoming foul, and the appointment of a number of Prosecuting Attorneys, That is all tho material legislation which is consid. ered necessary, save the repeal of certain laws,—something of the charnctor of the “Ponanp gag-law” of this country,—which ‘wero passed some years ago with reference to Fenianiam in Ireland. Tho folicity of the condition of British affairs will be fully appreciated by our people, cs- pecially by thoso who rend tho debates in Congress, where Senator Morrow is urging o Dill to regulate the counting of votes for Pres- idont, which he declares is essential in order to avoid civil war; whero both Honses are engaged in bitter controversies over the em- ployment of troopa to preserve the peace in certain States ; whero Committeos aro expos- ing fraud and corruption in the enactmont of laws ; and where the solemn judgment of tho National Legislaturo is, that white and black citizens, dead, cannot be buried within the same inclosuro without risking the peace of the nation! ! Tho comparative prosperity, abundanco of woalth, ponco, and harmony existing through- out the, British Empiro are due, firat, to the fact that England has’ abandoned tho policy of aggressive war and entangling alliances; has adopted peace, with its consequent commerce, aud by peacoful com- morce has mado the world tributary to her trade ond her wonlth, But other nations have mado peace their policy, and have en- deavored to compete in commerce with Great Britnin, and the explanation of tho success of the one and the failure of the others is clearly stated in the fow words of congratu- Intion addressed by the Queen to the Mousa of Commons. Tho grand secret of the suc- cess of the commerce and manufactures of Great Britain is contained in the fact that every citizen of tho Empire may purchase whatever articlo he needa, whother of manu-/ facture or raw material, wherever ho can pro. cure the samo in the world at the least cost and on the bost terms; and overy British citizen having anything to sell, of his own production, or manufacture, or purchase, may soll the same wheroyer he can got the best price or the beat exchange there. for, Tho Government places no restrictions whatever od the foreign trade of the people, who are thus able to buy and soll in every market that the earth can furnish. The ro- sult of this is, that British products are sold nll over the globe, and oxchanged on profita- blo terms for tho products of all other coun- tries, Another feature of the commerce of Great Britain is, that any man, of whatever nationality or residence, having money to in- veut in ship-building, whether of steamers or gail vossels, can purchase a vessel or a ahore in a veasel bearing the British flag, ond thus receive a portion of the profits of tho carry. ing trade. In this way, American capital, excluded by tariffs “from investment in ocenn-going American steamors and ehips, finds investment in British commerce, and tends to awell tho trado and the wonlth of tho great merchant nation, When Great Britain abavidoned the policy in which sho had porvevered for conturios, of presorving “*the balance of trade” by keeping her im- portations less than her exports, she began that other policy which has mado ber com- mercinl prosperity. Her imports havo over since largoly exeoedced her exports, whilo the exports of domestic products have increased from £57,780,876 in 1846, to £256,267,B47 in 1872, Tho tariff, which in 1846 was some- thing like our own, ling been repented in a succession of items, and it now covers but oa half-dozen articles, For tho Inst fifteon years the policy of the Government has been to repeal tho imposts or reduce the rates of duties on objects of taxation equal to tho surplus revenue of the preceding year. Thus, if in one year there wore a surplus rovenno of o million of pounds sterling, tho tax for tho preceding year would bo reduced or reponled to ncorresponding amount, In this way the tariff has been reponled and reduced until it now includes only the following arti. cles: Chicory, coffee, currants, raising, spir- its, sugar, tea, tobncco, wine; and the rates of tax on these articles have beon reduced annually, until the Queen ean again congrat- ulate the Parliament that every reduction of the tariff enables a grenter consumption by the people and an increase of revenue, Wo submit this little lesson in taxation to the careful consideration of the people whoso representatives are just now proposing to increaso the rates of taxation by reducing consumption, Woe submit this picture of o vast Empiro so pros- perous and wealthy, so penceful ond undisturbed, that the Government has no Measures to recommend save n repeal of some temporary restrictions upon popular liberty and tho enforcoment of somo addi- tional sanitary regulations, and whoso sover- eign congratulates her Parliament upon tho fact that every reduction of tax, while in- creasing the consumption of articles of com- fort by the poople, furnishes on incrensa of revenue. The contrast between that picturo and the actual state of affairs at homo is so striking that it is not pleasant to dwell thereon, RAILROAD ACCIDENTS, The unonviable reputation of American railronds for dexterity in squeezing, burning, pounding, and boiling passengers to death, jas lately been cast into the shade by tho su- porior feats of the English roads, ‘The num- ber of persons who havo goue to Heaven tia tho railroad has greatly increased in Groat Britain during tho last few years, Tho prevalence of accidents has induced much in- quiry into their causes, After the cases of gross carelessness, of worn-out rails and bridges, of wrong signals, and of mistakes in time have been disposed of, a number of casualties atill remain. These are choorfully styled “unavoidable.” Tho somewhat terri- fying phraso only means, howevor, that thay cannot be avoided by any of the precau- tions now in use, They are caused by the fracture of the running gear or tho rails, ‘When this happens, only chanco can prevent wholesalo slaughter. It will sometimes hap- pen despito any amount of care. ‘Tho best iron, subjected to asvero strains, gradually becomes crystalline instead of fbrous, When this chango occurs, the metal is at tho break- age-point, A few jars will fracture it. Now o cold snap greatly diminishes the elasticity of both machinery and rond-bed. Then a train thumps heavily along the rails, It ia said that in cold weather trains passing through the Batignollestunnel can be distinct- ly heard at Montmartre, Paris, but that thoy pass unhenrd as soon as tho cold spell ia over, While tho cold continuos, then, tho cars pound along the track and each jar may shatter tho crystallized iron part. Then comes tho plunge, the crash, the acreams of the wounded and tho silence of the dead, Prominent engincers have suggested o remody for this great danger. It is to lay a third rail botweon the other two, Then, if the cars leave the track, they will catch, ot least in most cases, on this rail and thus be kept on the line. This suggestion, if it is worthy of attention at all, and it seems to be, should receive special attention by American railrond men, Our climatio changes oro so sudden and great that rond-bed and running. gear are in especial danger from this causo hore, Tho third rail would not cost a great deal, and would last forever, more or loss, The increased security given by it would be appreciated, and the saving of locomotives and cars which are wrecked by trains running off the track would pay a big interest on the cost of tho middle rail. GLADSTONE'S SUCCESSOR. Politics in Groat Britain is just now in a condition of the most serene pencefulness, Not a ripplo disturbs the surface, and the undercurrent is not strong enough to threaten any upheaval of the waters, ‘I'he Conservn- tives aro in a large majority over all tho dis- cordant elements of the Liberal party, and they do not propose to enter upon any rad- ical reforms or changes which might jeopar- dize their supremacy. Tho Liberals oro di- vided. Tho Irish Home-Rule members, dls- affeoted through Guaparone’s latest position, form a party by theniselyes, did not take part in tho recent choice of a Liberal leader, and simply await any combination that prom- ises to advance the cause, The Liberal party itself hos drifted toward conservatism, and has no policy excopt that of goneral opposi- tion to tho Tories, Thus public affairs slido along smoothly, Tha moss of the people seem satisficd with the numerous roforma that have already been securod to them, and tho Radicals are too small in number to canso any serious disssenion. In point of fact, they acem to expect more from Drsrazrz and the Conservatives than from the Libera party under its present leadership, ‘Tho leader chosen by the Liberals for the Houso of Commons is the Right Hon, Bren. cen Compron Oavenpian, eldoat soz of tho Duke of Dzvonsume, and known by courtesy as tho Marquis of Hantinatoy, He ia an aristocrat, whose standing has been charactor- ized as that of ‘‘a meritorious gentleman of the highost rank and of socond.rata abilities.” He comes of o Whig family, and this seoma to be his principal claim to tho place to which he hasbeen chosen, But his Whig antecedents consist mainly of family differences with other lines of nobility, and offor little {n com-. mon with modern English liboralism, His solection was, indega, @ declaration of the laiasez,faire policy on the part of the rulingele- ment in the Liberal party, adopted perhaps in order that the organization may wait quiotly for ony vccentriclty which Mr, Disnazit may connnit, as itis not impossible that he may offer the Radicals more concessions than they can hezo for from the Liberals as now or- ganized. Had the Liberal party been disposed to carry out the work of reform in whioh Guan. —— STONE mada such rapid atrides, it would have chosen Mr, lorsren as its leader, Fonstrn, hago platform, Ho favors the Aiseutab igh, ment of the English Church, the wecnlarig tion of the public schools, the equalization og Parliamentary districts, nud tho ouftancise, mont of the agricultural Invorcrs, all of them progressive Liberal measures. ‘The Inat-nnmog in not tho least important, Under tho pres, ont rotten-borough syatom, somo meniery of Parliament have a constituency of only a fey thousand while others have a constituency of 200,000, Mr. Fonsren proposos that the conn, try shall boredistricted so that overy Member of Parliament shall have about tho same Uttabey of constituents, At present, too, the house, eholders and lodgors in incorporated towns arg indiscriminately vested with tho right of buf frage, while, in tho villages and Agriculturg districts, the voter is required to bo a fre, holder or to pay a rental amounting to More than what three-fourths of the families gs able to pay. Under this system, a vast nny, ber of the villages nnd ngricultural comtny. nities of England are excluded from the right of suffrage, though they aay pay sever times the amount of taxes paid by the lodgers in tho city, In rejecting Mr, Forsten ty leader, the Libernl party of England hy formally declared its unwillingness for thy prosent to battle for the reforms which }¢ supports, and its desire to drift into a wex croature of circimstanco, hoping more frog Conservative mistakes than from ita om progressive efforts, PEACE IN ARKANSAS, There is cause for general rojoicing at thy almost unanimous conclusions reached by thy Congressional Committes on Arkansas Af, fairs. Tho purport of tho majority Yeport, signed by Messrs, Ponann, Soupprn, Sarr, and Sross, four out of the five, is that Coz, gress and tho Federal Government shall |¢ Arkansas alono to abide by tho Constitutios and Government which o majority of thy People of that State have adopted by populy voto. ‘his isa wise conclusion, thoronghly in keeping with the nature of our Gover, ment and tho principles of tho Republica, party, Mr, Wanp, of Chicago, tho remaixy ing mombor of the Committso, dissents from + this report, no doubt under the honest cop ° vietion that tho recognition of tho preset Gantanp Government will be dangerous ihe rights of the negroes of tho State and; ; menace to constitutional principles, as ty ; seys. Butwo prefer to beliove tbat his zd is mistaken, and that tho judgment of ty majority of the Committee is not only th best solution of the difficulty, but also afi conclusion on the evidence before it. To appreciate the relative merits of the tr; reports, we shall recall in a word the series cf complications in Arkansas, Bnooxs end Bir ven were the opposing candidates for Gor. ernor in 1872, Bnooxs on theo Democrat; ‘ tickot ond Baxrzr on the Republican ticket Subsequent revelations havo proved thi Bnooxs received a large majority of the vote, 4 but Baxren, as the Republican candidate, wu declared elected and duly installed, Sons timo after boththese gentlomon reversed the? political creeds, Baxren becoming Dem. : erat and Brooxs turning Republican, Ther upon the Republicans in Arkansas, headed|y ° tho two Sonstors from that State, united depose Baxrzr and placo Bnooxs in powe, Brooxs set up a Government of his ovn, relying upon the Supreme Court of th : State, which changed its polities whon li did, and also upon recognition of tho Feder + Government, open war, and President Granv was asked to interfere, had taken in Louisiana, recognizing the d The two factions cama ta _ He pursued the samo coursel : facto Government, which, in this case, a Democratic, and ordering the Bnooxs factict to disperso og insurgents. Peace boing th:s restored, a Constitutional Conveution wa called, which adopted a now Constitutia providing for a State election in October lat * ‘Tho now Constitution was adopted, and, w der it, A. H. Gantanp (Domocrat) was cle ed Governor by an almost unanimous vote, tht Republicans genorally refysing to vote 0: : tho ground that the election was illegal sl. the new Constitution void. facto Governor, recognized tho validity of ts election; but one Smrrn, elected Lieutenant Governor on the Baxrer ticket, though be sat in the Constitutional Convention m! sanctioned all the proceedings, afterwan issued a proclamation claiming to be tht Governor of the State since Baxter hadt signed. Sait had no following, and wit spoedily squelched. ‘This waa the jumble and confusion of Ar knnsas politics for two years, and, when th Congressional Committee arrived at Little Rock, they found a new Constitution, o re ognized Government, and a peaceful corti. tion of things throughout the Btate, For th first time in two years there was no confit Baxrer, thed: + ond the people had a Constitution and aGor + ernment of their own solection. It would havo beon exceedingly unwiso for the Ct gressional Committee to have recommentel any Fedoral interference with this condition only to restore the confusion and anarchy that provailed before, Tho Commiltc? find, moreover, that the naw Constiit tion is republican in form and @ improvement over that of 1868; tst tho prosent Governor was elected not only!y 9 majority of those voting but by a majority of tho voters in the State; that Arkansas # as peaceful as any of the Southern States, 4 having a desperate class of young men toe?” tend with ; that tho lato election was held 2 duo form of law ; that, though the promul:* tion of the new Conatitution by a Conveuli? instead of by the Legislature may bo dee tivo, it was adopted by a majority of the pe ple of the State, who have the right to choo? a Constitution that suite them ; and, findl: that Congress should not interfere, This docision, we believo, assures perc® 19 Arkansas, and henceforth a rulo by the ™ jority in that Stato, We wish all the troubles in the Southorn Statos might bo settled & easily, Sino tho Now York Jerald failed to ores! any amusemont by letting the menagerie wild beasts loose in Contral Park, it has tr! itshand on the Prealdent, First, it annows> ed that the Prosident hod resigned. ‘Thenit said there was a rumorhehad resigned. The? itsaid he ought to rosign, ‘Then it printed several authorities to show that he might sign. Next it delved into history and shot that Diocurrtay, the King of Holland, Wu tas of the Netherlands, Fzaprvanp IL, Quee Cunmzing, and numerous other mo! did themeelves the justice to resign. Having done all this, it coolly announced that the ye ignotion business had been invented in ¢ Herald office, ta last development of #8 rorignation business is to print the views the press on the joke, and itfinda four es the Scranton (Pa.) Times, the Lancaster a Examiner, the Vicksburg Jerald, snd | Chicago Ties, which have awallowed its 5 stuff, The latter paper te characterized DY the Joruld ns ‘a grand old Western