Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 25, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: MONDAY, JANUARY 25, 1876. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TATRA OF PURECRIPTION (PATADLF. 1X ADYANCR). Postage Prepaid ot this Ofice, Teltny by 19.00 | Sanday 3.0 ‘isibockly S108 | eos 00 Vartaof a tho same rate. ‘To prevent delay and rlstaker, be sure and give Post. Gitice addrece tn fall, fnetading Stato and County, Nomal:tancosmay bo made eitherby dealt, oxpresy Post S.ce erder, or In regintcrod Ictters, at our risk, ‘TERNS TO CITY SUBSCKInENA, Enily, detiveved, Sanday oxcented, 25 conta per wook Teil), delivered, Bunday included, 80 cents ner week Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madieon ond Dearborn-sta,, Chicago, Il, TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. -HOUSE—Clark | street, opposite Fe ee ae Lasts Siusteole, The Crimson Scart.!" HOOLEY'S THEATRE| indoiph atreet, between Olark and LaSalle, Magnolia,” CHICAGO MUSEUM—Monron atrest, batwoon Deare ‘born and State," Uacls Tom's Cabin.’ MVICKER'S THEATRE—Madison atreot.“ botwaon erocn end Bene Hogagoment of the ‘Strakosol Opora-Troupe, *'Traviata.!" ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted street. hotween Mad~ fron and Monroo, Eugagement of Mra, Agnos Dooth. “King John." ADELPHI THEATRE—Dearhorn atroet, cornor Mon- Brn fy entertainment." The Fiotd of the Cloths stGola. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. R—CHty Teal Estate, Wants, To. Rents, Tearding rand Tadiage rave and Found, Bustuess a tusetuents, Occan Steamalips, lroact Time-Tablo. Che Chicagn Tabane. Monday Morning, January 26, 1875. 'The Democrats in Congress seem to be working quietly for an extra session of Con- gress, to begin with the 4th of March. — The proposition of some hot-hended parti- sang in Washington to provide for the army under Democratic rule by making approprin- tionsin advance meets with little favor among thoughtful Republicans, Tho party would much Phther not have power than to hayo it by questionable means. The man who only wanted to identify “Ross” Raxsoxp in order that he might itick him on the spot, is exciting profound respect aud sympathy in tho court, He has discovered, by the: way, that ofter the daily exhibition of poor Mrs, Rarmoxp in court, tho most painful thing in connection with the Brecurn trial is tho constant attendance of old and young Mrs. Bercuen. Tae Taipuxe has again and again called apon tho Hon, Witiiaxt Kino to riso and explain his connection with tho Pacific Mail affair, and yet he does not respond, By this time we should think the organs in Wiscon- sin and Minnesota which have stood by Krxo through evil and through good report would set him down for an ungrateful wretch. Hehas impeached tho good-sense and veracity of his counsel by refusing to come into court. It isnot an easy thing to clear 9 man who has jumped his bail, ‘Wo ara in receipt of a private letter from n well-informed gentleman who has been in tho Houso of Representatives in Springfield every day during tho session (we will not say whether ho is n member of tho Ifouso or not), in which ho speaks of Spenker Harses in a friondly manner, but as ‘tone totally unfit for the position of Speaker.” |Our informant says that ‘tho loading Democrats, such mon ag Custimes, Hise, Mennirr, Hennrncroy, and Ansstnona, have affirmed that they can- not go on the record as sustaining him in his rulings.” He adds that “Mr. Harnzs has been wrong scren times dur- ing the session alrendy, ond now has actually becomo unnerved, asking for leave of absence to rolievo him from imponding dificultics." The fact seems to ‘bo that, though Mr, Hares attained the rep- utation of a great parliamentarian on tho floor of tho House, he has madoa serious mistako in reaching after the Speakership, and that he is sadly out of place, His occu- pancy of the chair throatens soriously to im- pede the business of tho session ; and, unless he makes some docided improvements in his rulings, it will be his duty to call somo ono cleo to tho chair every morning. If sucha course becomes necessary to the progress of the work before the Legislature, we hopo Mr, Haxnes will bo patriotic enough to adopt it, * even at,the sacrifice of his ambition as a poli. tician, ‘Tho National Board of Trade of the Do- minion of Canada have adopted a resolution urging that in tho enlargement of tho Wel- land Canal the dopth on tho miter sills of tho locks be increased to fourteen fret, so a8 to admit the passage of tho largest-sized vessels employed on tho Inkes, Of course this in- crease of the depth in tho Welland Canal must be supplemented by alike increaso in the other canals, so that tho largest-sized steamers from Chicago may go to and como back from Montreal with full cargoes. Tho enterprise of our Canadian brothren is com- mendable, They are not waiters on Provi- dence, They do not sit down idle and call upon the gods to help them, Thoy put their own shoulders tothe whecl. Tho State of New York has for twenty years refused to enlargo the Erie Canal, decpen its locks, or increase its capacity. During those twenty years the State has received nearly twenty-five millions of dollars of surplus revenue from that canal, In the meantime the trade has drifted away, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, Portland, and Montreal have grasped it. ‘The Canadi- ong, with energy and plack, have undertaken to extend the navigation of tho Upper Lakes to Montreal, and thus effectually flank the Erle Canal and the Oity of Now York, While the peoplo of Canndo are exponding their tive or six millions of dollars to enlarge their system of canals to secure the breadstuff and provision trade of tho West, New York, with a far greater population, more wealth, with ten times the commerce, is whining round the lobby at Washington trying to have an item put into yome general omnibus improvement act by which the Nationel Treasury shell pay for deepening the locks on tho Erio Canal, While New York is thus waiting for a Con- greasional appropriation, the Canodians are preparing to take the lake trade, as Philadel- phia, and Baltimore, and Boston aro taking tho trade by rail, The Chicago produce markots were steadier in provisions and weak in broadstuffs on Saturday, Mess pork was Jess active, and oehado firmer, closing at $17.75 cash, aud $17.80 seller February,. Lard was in fair de- mand, and 5@100 per 100 Ibs higher, clos- ing at $18.25@18,97 1-20 cash, and 318.80 for February. Monts wore quiet and steady at 6@6 180 for shoulders, 9 1-80 for short riba, and 91-20 for short clears, Dressod hogs wero moderately active and firmer, clos- ing at $7.00@7.50, Highwinos were in fair demand and steady at Ole per gallon, was dull and unchanged. Wheat was dull and 1¢ lower, closing, at 83 1-8¢ cash, and 88 1.-2@8S 6-8¢ for February. Corn was dull, and 1-2c lower, closing at 64 8-fc cash, and 71.8.8¢ eller May. Onta wero less active and easier, closing at 52@52 1-80 cash, aud 52 1-41@52 3-80 for February, Ryo was quiet and steady at 97c. Barley was dull and 1-2 @Ic lower, closing at $1.25 for February. Hogs were moderatoly active aud firm, with sales chiefly nt #6.00@0.75. Cattle ond sheep ruled quict and easy. Now Year's Day in Paris was ono of the most remarkable ever known, Sleet fell in abundance, and by night tho strects were glaring sheets of ice. Pedestrians tumbled by tho wayside with more or less scrious results; ond, as tho omnibuses and most of tho cabs stopped running, searcely anybody was abovo being compelled to walk, We print this morning aletter from Paris ton New York journal describing the events of that drendful night, It is estimated that 1,500 persons wero injured by fails, and that 350 horses wero disabled and killed. Tho Parisious, with that gay fatalism which is choracteristio of skeptical natures, attributo their bad for- tuno in this instance to the fact that Now Year's Day fell on a Frida; It has been proposed -at Springfeld to change the mode of compensating members of tho Legislature from a per diem to an an- nual galary, and the sum mentioned is 2200 per year! The great trouble at Springfield is absentecism. At least one-third of the mem- bers are absent all the time. ‘Tho present pay is $5 a day, which, it seems, is considered by many as so liberal as to induce them to be in favor of protracted scesions, ‘To others tho $5 a day is so inadequate that it does not cover tho actual necessary expenditure, lenv- ing nothing for tho neglect of business con- sequent upon absence from home. The consequence of this is, there aro two classes of members who are indifferent,—tho ono who are enjoying better pay than they receive otherwise, and those who can- not afford to stay at Springfield for such com- pensation to attend to tho business of tho State, What is wanted is to establish a rate of pay which will insure attendance and a prompt dispatch of business. A salary of $500 per term would probably not be extrava- gent; but to enable such an allowance to have any offect on the attendance of members, ond the consequent dispatch of business, it should be conditioned upon 4 penalty for absence, For each day's non-nttendanco there should bea deduction equal if not greater than the per diem proportion of tho whole salary, In this way, the allowance of $500 for the session would induco the one class to attend and hasten tho business through in the shortest possible time, and the penalty for non- attendance would prevent the other class from pocketing the round sum and quitting the Cnpitol. Whatever policy bo adopted, it should bo remembered by all that the best course is to make the session a8 shogt as pos- sible, and this can only be accomplished by 8 full attendance on the part of those whose time is valuable, and a diligent forcing of business by them. ‘Thero is no reason why the session should execed ninety days, and the legitimate business of tho Legislature can ‘bo transacted in that timo if the membors will only attend and sit it out continuously, BTATE SOVEREIGNTY. In his speech at the Baltimore meeting held to protest against the action of the President and of Gon. Suznipax in the Lou- isinna affair, Mr, Revenpy Jonsson used the following language: ‘The Stato (Louisiana) is now sovercign, except so far as.she has delegated a portion of her sovereignty to tho General Government,” ‘This ono sontence of the venerable lawyer contains, ino nutshell, the whole doctrine of the Democratic party, and shows that the principles of that party have not changed since the War, It is in nosonso true that the “States” havo delegated a portion of their sovercignty to the General Government. To admit that they hayo, is to grant that all the States wero ones completely sovereign; that tho Con- stitution is only s compact by which part of that sovereignty was alienated to the Gen- eral Governmicht, and that the United States isnot s nation, but ao collection of potty States held together by a rope of snaud. It may seom absurd to find fault with this theo. ry of our Constitution, or to rnisc a cry of alarm because it is loudly advocated as the true one. It is, however, very far from ab- surd, The whola War of tho Iebellion lurked in the very proposition enunciated anew by Revenpy Jonson, It was hefore tho Wor rightly argued that, if tho States wero once sovereign and the Federal Govornment. neroaturo of their making, tho Constitution was only a contract, which, on condition broken, the individual States wero justified in disregarding. ‘The principle was wrong, and when translated into action could not fail to maislead, Mr, Revenpy Jonygon makes tho nation the creaturo of the Statos; and, since the crea- toris superior to tho creature, the nation must on his theory be always at the merey of tho States, But the very reverse of Mr, Joun- son's view of the relation of the States to the General Government is historically true, ‘Lo this we have already called atten- tion in Taz Trmunz, If the States wero once completely sovercign and had delegated only a portion of their soveroignty to the General Government by compact, thon we are a confederation and nota nation, Un- der this interpretation of tho Constitution, secession is an inalionablo political right, and the War of tho Rebollion was a wrong for which the Southern people may claim com- pensation, It cannot be too often repeated, that the peopls who ordained and established the Constitution wore always one people. It they were not one people whon it was or Aained and established, they aro not one peo- ple yet, ‘The Constitution is only a law after all; and all laws presuppose a sovercign au- thority from which they emanate. Beforo soverolgn power can be exercised by the pub- lication of a law or otherwise, thoro must be o concrete something in which that power cxists, Whether wo aro a nation, or only s confederation, as Mr, Revenpy Jouysoy and the Domocratic party maintain, is nots quostion of the in. terpretation of o written instrument, It isa historical question, Historically, the indi- vidual States were nevor sovoroign, Thoy never existed or acted as sovereign States, Before the Declaration of Independonce they were colonies of Great Britain ; and, as colo- ales, not aoveroigu., Sinoe the Declaration of Indepondence they have been States united into a nation, acted ag united, and been recognized by the olvilized world only as States united, By tho Declaration of Inde- pendence they appeared before the world as united independent States, But they have nover apponred, and they nevar wero in fact, sevorally indepondent States, ‘That Declara. Flour | tion was mado by the States as a unit, not by tho States as sovereign individuals. ‘Tho individual States have had powers, snd rights, and privileges, but not sovereignty, — not even n symbol of sovereignty. ‘They had soparately no flag, they made no foreign treaties separately, thoy coined no. money separately, and held no foreign relations. Jointly, not severally, they won their independence, They never exercised tho right of sovereignty except as tho United States. When British sovereign- ty ecased in this country, Amorican sov- ercignty began, Were the Suprema Court of ths United States to adopt Mr. Reverpy Jonnson’s views of tho full sovereignty of the States previous to the adoption of our Constitution, it would be compelled to maintain that tho United States is only a confederation ; that secession was tho right of tho Southern States; that the War of the Rebellion wasn violation of the Constitution; that the national debt was ereated for unconstitutional purposes and should be ropudinted ; that the slaves should not have been emancipated and shonld be restored to their former masters, Viewed from his standpoint, our wholehistory during tho Inst fourteen years is made up of o series of violations of the organic law of the land,— of unconstitutional acts from which thoro who have suffered aro entitled to compensa- tion, If he bo right, thoso whom we have been eniling rebels so long are real patriots, and the gallant men who Inid down their lives for the Union are the real traitors, Tho States have rights which the National Government is bound to respect, not because they are, or ever wero, sovereign States; but because these rights aro guaranteed to them by low,—by the sovereign Inv of tho land, This Tox Trmoxe maintains, and will continue to maintain. Between this and the Democratic doctrine, however, there is a world-wide difference. In this doctrine there is safety, In the Democratic, thero is nothing but danger; for, if the advocatesof that doctrine should obtain the ascendency, there would be an undoing of all that has been dono to make the Union permanent. The American pcople will do well to ponder before they adinit such men to power. They are now making desperate efforts to regnin their ante-War influence in national politics, and the great question beforo the people is whether thoy will bopermitted tosuccoed,—i.e., whether tho upholders of national unity and national sovereignty, having defeated secession in the flold, will surrender to it in the arena of legis- lation, COWARDLY DEMAGOGISH, : ‘The Illinois House of Representatives, with a unsnimity which is singular considering the character of its action, has passed the fol- lowing resolution, which had previously pass- ed the Senato unanimously : Resolved by the Senate of the State of Tllinota, the House concurring therein, That the United States Seu- ators from this Stato bo Instructed, and the Represent atives in Congress from this Stato bo requested, to nse all nzesua in their power to secure the n).cedy [aesage of a ill, now pendlug in the Congress of the United States, entitled “An act granting pensions to certain soldiors und sullors of the War of 1846, 1847, and 1843, with Moxico, and the widows of deceased uoldiera and sailora,"? A similar resolution was passod in tho In- diona House of Representativeson the 22d inst. unanimously, By this action these two Leg- islatures instruct their Congressmen to sup- port tho bill now pending, which gives evory person who served sixty days or over in the Mexican War a pension of &8 per month during the remainder of his lifo; or, if ho bo not ative, then to his widow. In other words, they instruct Congress to odd several millions more to tho alrendy overburdened pension-list of the country, and why? What rightful claims have these Mexican volun- teers for a ponsion ? The Mexican War was only a war of con- quest, a raid on o largo scale, against a neigh- boring weak Republic, which resulted in stripping her of nearly half of her territory. It was o war with ‘ Greasers” commanded by acork-legged General, Patriotism had little to do with impelling men to go into it, and precious little just principle was involved init. It did not touch any republican prin- ciple, nor did it in any way touch the exist- enco of the country. It was simply the act of apoworful Republic against a weak one, overwhelming her by forco and science, and wresting her territory away from her, It wes o war which lasted but o short time. Some of the volunteers marched part way to tho Rio Grando and wero re- called because they were not needed. Somo fired a shot or two at Grensers in the chap- paral, and then came homo, Somo fought two or three battles, and one column marched to the City of Mexico and occupied it, and dictated a peace there, For the arduous duties of this huge military frolic wo protest that the Mexican volunteers were well and sufliciontly paid. They re. ceived, in the first place, the regular pay in full provided by Governmont; second, the bounties offered by the Government; and third, tho allotted half-mile square or 160 acres of land at a time when thoy could select the choicest lands all ovor tho Westorn States, Mlinois included, whichsince that time have increased immensely in value, This is not all, It is notorious that the Mexican War opencd up rich fields for loot, which officers and privates alike improved. It was ® general war of grab. Everything was looked upon as legitimate booty, and overy ono who chose helped himself, Nor is this all, Some thousands of the Mexican War volunteers were very handsomoly provided with political offices, Zactany Taxton was rowarded with the Presidenoy, Scorr had the pleasure of running for it, Jerr Davis became President of tho Southern Confeder- acy; and oll the smaller offices,—Congres- sional, Legislative, Gubornatorial, Post-OMice, an@ Custom-Iouse chairs,—were filled by tho smalier claimants, and those who wore wound. ed or disabled have boon drawing pensions over sinco, It is fair to contend, therofore, that the Mexican volunteors havo been sufficiently paid, In viow of all the facts, tho action of the Ilinojs and Indiana Legislatures in yot- ing to saddle millions of additional taxes on their constituents for a generation to come 8 @ cowardly, demagogical outrage. The people are taxed now until they stagger un- dor the multiplied burdens. But what caro the ravenous hordes of claim-agents who ara lobbying this Mexican ponaion-grab? Can these legislatora be ignorant that the pen. aion-list of the Government, alroady awelled by thirty millions in consequence of the War of the Rebellion and three oy four mill- fons on account of the War of 1812, is an‘ almost unondurable burden, and that tho Government finds great difficulty in pay- ingit? Do they not know that this is 5 time of financial embarrassment; that the tax- payers of the country ere groaning under tholy loads; that the Government has to turn and twistin every conceivable way to support iteolf and pay the interest on ite debts ond that more taxation ia about to be imposed npon the people to rise the money to pay tho enormous pension-rolls as well as tho interest on the public debt? To ask Con- gress to impose another burden upon tho suf- fering tax-payers of tho country at a time of general financial embarrassment and distress, by paying out of the National ‘Trensury immense sums of money, chiefly for the benefit of claim-agents and for services which havo already been pnid three-fold, is sub. stantintly ag bad as it would be for tho claim. agents to put their hands into the Treasury and steal the money, ‘Thoso members show little regard for their sworn duty as logis- Intora, and still less regard for the sufferings of their tax-riddon constituents, whom it would bo well for them to remember havo yotes as well as tho claim-ngents and their clients, Aa the public don't justly owe this elnim, they can rightfully resist it, and punish tho unfaithful legisintors who oro attempting to faston it upon them for the remainder of their natural lives. A FAIR PROPOSITION, Tho tolograph brings the information that the Conservative members of the Louisiana Legislature have adopted the following reso- lution : Resolved, By this House cancus, composed of Cone servative thontbera roturnod by tho Retientug Rear and thero claluiing ta have been undoubtedly olected but defrauded by tho Board, That, dusiring in the in- terest of our aftiteted State to have o solution of the political troubles, aud relying on the integrily and faire ices of the four gentlemon membera of the Congres siounl Committed now fiz Ney Orleans, and in sdvunco of any fnveetiition cn thele par, We an a body, hero by ask them, ifthe taek in not considered too onerous to take the returns of 1674, togetbor with all. falr au relevant testimony, and upon aveh returns and evl- denco declaro what membera of the Leglalature were fately elected, This is a proposition to refer tho action of the Returning Bonrd, whoso alleged fraudu- Jont returns wero the origin of tho later troubles in Louisiana, to Messrs. Hoan, Frye, Wneeter, and Mansmaxt, all of them Repub- licans except the last. Uhe proposition com- ing from Conservatives, and directed to these gentlemen, is peculiarly fair; for tho Com- mittee now in New Orleans consists uot only of three Republicans to one Democrat, but theso three Republicans have goue to Now Orleans expressly because they wera not sat- isfied with tho findings of their Republican associates, Messrs. Fostrn and Paria, who composed the majority of the Sub-Committee which recently made its report. The Sub-Committee, it will be remember. ed, reported that “the action of the Returning Board on the whole was arbitrary, unjust, and illegal ; and that this arbitrary, ‘unjust, and illegal action alone prevented tho return by the Board of a majority of Conser- vative members to the Lower House,” ‘Tho Conservative members of tho Houso show, by the proposition they have just submitted, their implicit confidence that this fact isso cloar and unmistakable that the new Commit- teo must also find Sit to be so, utterly irre- spective of their political bins or preference. Wo hope that the Committes now in New Orleans will tind the time to examine into the action of the Returning Board minutely with reference to the above resolution. Thero is nothing obligatory upon them to do this, and their roport would not bo bind- ing upon the Legislature under the law. But if their examination should confirm tha findings of their predecessors, their report would exert so powerful moral influcnce upon the Kexoce cliquo that they would scarcely dare to hold out against it, In other words, the proposition is for s compromise ona basis which is entiroly fair, and it cer- teinly ought not, under the circumstances, to find any objections from the Republican side of the Honse. If it isa fact that a majority of Democrats wero fairly elected to tho Legislature and defrauded ont of their places by irregular or fraudulent pro- eeduro by the Returning Board, no Republican, consistently with tho princi- ples of tho couse, can desiro that the fraud bo sanctioned and porpotuated. If the present Committce should not feel like going back of tho returns of the Board, they may atill oxamino into the five vacaricies left undo- termined, Tho Returning Board gave seats to 106 membors,—63 Republicans and 53 Democrats, leaving the Legislature itself to fill the five remaining seats, To throw this decision upon a body equally divided in poli- tics, ond bitter as gall towards each other, was of itself an embarrassment hard to over- come, If tho Conservatives of tho Louisiana Log- islature aro willing to abido by the decision of threo Repablicans and one Democratic mem- bor of Congress, Republicans cannot roason- ably object. In fact, an objection on their part would bo a confession that they aro cognizant of irrogularity or fraud, or wero willing to perpetuate one, Tho Republicans of Louisiana would still have control of the Sonate if the House should be found to be Democratic, and they would only have to submit the Intter question to mombers of their own party, If the status of tho prosont Louisiana Legislature can be detorminod by such a compromise, it will bo an easior matter to dispose of what the President has denomi- nated the ‘ gigantic fraud.” THE PRIDE OF JAPAN, Tho most prominent statesman in Japan rejoices in the melodious name of Jusamur Tosnisticnt Oxuno, Tho story of his career is the history of Japanese progress. When he was born, 45 years ago, tho Mikado was a shadowy sovereign, completely under the rulo ofthe Tycoon, Ho reigned as the Merovin- gian Kingsof France did, The Tycoons, like the “Mayors of tho Palace” under this foeblo dynasty, had gradually usurped all real power, "The Mikado had only a vague spiritual juris. diction, although he was the nominal ruler of the Empire, Tho hereditary ‘Ty- coone compelled tho Daimios, who are the high nobility of the country, to leave thelr wives and children in Yedo as hostages for their own loyalty. This had been the rulo for 270 yenrs, For nearly as longa timo, they had forbidden the construction of any vossels larger than those used for fishing and for the coasting trado, This had pro- vonted any intercourse with the civilized world, Oxvso, trained in all tho learning tho schools of Japan could give, experienced in public servico in his native province of Satsuma, able and progressive, joined, beforo ho was 80, tho liberal party. In 1868, that party began active efforts for tho restoration of tho Mikado to his hereditary dignity and for the opening of Japanese ports tothe world. It has carried both reforms, and has paved the way for still groater, Oxgvso has been one of the leaders of the vic- torlous party from the start. He took some partin the war which forced the rolgning Tycoon to abdicate, in 1868, and has aince been amember of the Oabinet. As Minlater of Finance, ho framed a system of internal revenue, carried through most of the present treaties with foreign powers, and revised the tariff, In 1872, he was one of tha Embassy to America and Europe. In February, 1674, he suppressed a dangerous insurrection, Since then his power and his popularity have been very great. His Inst exploit was the settle. musnt of the vexed question of Formosa with China, His success was the occasion of nn- tional rejoicing. Ho. is now tho Minister of the Intorior, His countrymen oro convinced that ‘There sonnds not to the tramp of Famo Tho echo of a nobler name than that of Jusawsx Tosrmient Oxvno ! As the particular Fame which is blowing this trumpet is of Japaneso oxtraction, sho prob- ably finds no diflculty in wrestling with the pronunciation of the many-syllablad designa- tion of Mr. Oxuno. “A REAL DANGER.” The Louisville Courier-Journal has at Inst found a real danger and {is extremely glad, apparently, to bo relioved of the necessity for beating the tom-tom and ponnding the hew-gag over tho various sham dangers at which it pretends to be frightencd from day today. Weonre thankful for a respite from editorials on the imminent risk of Cmsarism and of a dissolution of tho Kentucky Legisla- ture by ‘the armed myrmidons of tho modern Haynav,” which is tho Kentucky method of describing a corporal’a guard of national soldiers. A half-column oditorial hended ‘'A Real Danger” brings o sigh of relicf. Wo hasten to seo what this genuine cnse of scaro may be, The nation will bo relioved to hear that it is simply that Southern Congressmen differ from other Southern men in not dis- playing a great zeal for Tost Scort's subsidy- stonl-schemo for building the Southern Pa- cifle Railrond. We were aware that some dif- ferenco existed, Mr. Brcx, for instance, has never indulged in tho pastimo of Ku-Klux- ism, which, recording to the Courier-Journal, is tho favorite Kentucky sport, Tho Cour.- Jour, says, indeed, that Brox has not ' gone clear daft.” This is another differenco be- tween Mr. Becx and the average Kontuckian, so for as the doings of Tox Scorr or Gen. Suenwanaroconcerned, The Bluc-Grass na- tives are daft on both those topics, The Courier-Journal, in order to avert this “real danger, tells Southern statesmen and the world in general that ‘tho measure [Scott's subsidy] is of more importance to the South than all other questions united.” Wo fear Mr. Warrrasox was absorbed in his lottery business when this wondrous statement was penned and left some rash subordinate to do the job, ‘ Of moro importance to the South than all other quostions united"! Is it more important, then, that Tost Scort's dishonored. paper should bo taken up with tho peoplo’s monoy ; that his Oredit-Mobilier construction company, which is an almost exact copy of its Union Pacific prototype, should be enriched from the same soureo; and that a track should bo laid through the great barrens of America, sgain with the people's moncy,—is this catalogue of blessings to ‘fost Scorr more important to tho South than anything and everything else? Then is the South wonder- fully happy and prosperous, since the very best thing the nation can do for her is to put one railrond speculator on his legs, What tho South noeds is education, law and order, fair treatment of the negroes, honest voting, less mnecd of Federal interference, and less of that interference, We fail to seo why one usclesa road through a desert, which will cost tho whole people, South as woll as North, 26,250,000 a year for forty years, and then a lump-sum of $125,- 000,000, will compass theso needs or be of more importance than their satisfaction. The Courisr-Journal quotes from a private letter written by “a distinguished member of Congress” the remarkablo assertion that building Toxt Scorr’s rond for him ‘ will give the South a market for all our products such as we have not had sinco «tho War.” It is kind in Mr. Warrenson to suppress tho namo of tho author of this flight of fancy. He might make 6 good novelist, judging by his skill in fiction, but the less claim he makes to pro- found atatesmanship the better. Lvery mar- ket open to the South before the Civil War is open to it now, and the largoly-incroased de- mand for goods by the ex-slaves has grently strengthened the home market. Docs it expoct to ship its cotton, sugar, and tobac- co to the Indians of the alkali plains, or tho grasshoppers, whon railroad communications with thoso valuable donizens of our arid uplands has been established ? Tho Digger Indians at present chew clay, but they would doubtless substitute to- bacco for it if the weed were furnished free, As for tho grasshoppors, they will eat overy- thing sent thom, and may whet their appo- tites by lunching on tho tics and tho rails, but neither they nor the Indians can pay anything for what they consumo, It needs eyes such as Sau Wenrer described to seo what good cithor of these ‘‘ markets” bas to do to the South, We trust the real danger is real, and that Southern Congressmon are therefore moro sensible than Southern con- stituoncies, THE NEBRASKA SENATOR, There has not beon an election for United States Senator in any State this year which has not either developed a surprise or been characterized by a fierce contest. Tho clec- tion in Nebraska to fill the placo to be vacated by Sonator Tipton was no exception to the tule. Tho two leading candidatea were Gon Jon M. Tuaren, ono of the first Sonators from Nebraska, and Gov, A, 8. Panpocs, formorly Secretary of tho Territory of Ne- braska and Acting Territorial Governor, Both are Republicans. Tho Legislature, being largely Republican, had divided into factions, and the Democrats held the balance of power, It was the Democratic vote which finally elected Gov, Pappock by 38 to 12 for ‘Tuaven ond 8 scattering. The reason why the Democrats finally voted against Toayrcr will bo apparont from the following lotter, written in 1867, and privately circulated among tho Democratic members, It ia said to have determined thom to support any Re- publican in order to defeat the writer of it: Wasiixarom, D, 0, Jan, 31, 1867,—Ths Hon, George W, Frost; My Dean Brat Tam yory atrongly of the opinion thetalaw ahould be passed disfrauchising from voting and holding office ail citizens of Nebrasks who scrved fn the Rebel armies, or u avy way gave aid and comfort to the enemy, I havo sents dratt of auch law to Mr, Pauweteg, I do hope the Terrt. torlal Loglslature will pars it, and thon it will be (nued under the State organization, Ihave also lum a Regtatry law, ‘Thera ought to bo ono in Nebras- Xs, Ifthora was, 1t would shut out # heap of illegat Copperhead votes, I trust the State Legislature will promptly giva ite assent to the coudition in the act of admission, The Republican party of the country gon- erally is looking with great interest to the admission of Nebraska, Thoy are anzioua for the increase of Republican Genatore in the Senate, Please do what you can to havo everything ready and in favorable condition, Very truly yours, (Bigned) Joux M, Taarss, There could not have been many ex-Rebela in the entiroWLerritory of Nebraska when it applied for admission into the Union, and it wos foolish on the part of Gen. Tuarxa to recommend their disfronchigement, The unanimity with which the Demoorats resent- od the recommendation of this old letter, however, ahowe the Bourbon quality of their natures, They are no mora inclined to for. get and forgive now than Gen. Tuaren waa aight years ago, Aa thelr action in this case has resulted in xending an oxcellent man to the United Sintes Senato from Nebraska,— who will represent tho provailing sentiments of the Btate, which tho present occupant of the sont has not done, and act like a gentlo- man instead of @ buffoon,—we have no par- ticular renson to complnin of Bourbonism in this case, THE SENATORIAL FIGHT IN TENNESSEE, The most interesting Senatorial election that has token placo in any State for a long timo is that now going on in the Legislature of Tonnessce for United States Senator, Tho Legislature consists of 100 members. Of these thoro aro but eight Republicans, That party may therefore be considered out of tho fight, which is exclusively among tho Demo- erats, The Democratic candidates are nu- merous, Though the party has 02 of the 100 membors, it has been, so far, unsuccessful in uniting a sufficient number to elect. Tho popular fecling of tho State seems. to bo in favor of Anpaew Jonxson, who, beginning with 16 or 16 votes, now controls some 43, Time seems to be working for Anpy. In Ten- nessee, members of tho Legislature recog- nize the right of instruction, aud several of Jouxsoy’s opponents in the Legislature have already changed their votes to him becauso of written instructions ond potitions sont to them signed by a majority of the voters in their districts, On Saturday, ex-Robel Gen. Barz received 48 votes for Senator, when 49 was required to elect, and ho would havo been elected had not one of the members who would have yoted for him been so ovorgome by the ex- citement of the seono that he had to be car- ried fainting from the hall, The next, ballot showed a falling off for Bate, and his chance seems to have departed, The fight in ‘Tenuesseo is tho old ono, in which Axpnew Jonnsox has taken a part dur- ing his whole publio life. He has never on- Joyed tho respect or confidence of tho “upper class” or aristocracy of Southern politicians, He was never n secessionist nor a nullifier. Ho rojected the extrome doctrines of Stato Rights and State Sovereignty Democrats, Ho has always been National, 18 opposed toa State Sovereignty, Democrat, Whon the War came, Jouxson adhered to the Union, and thé others followed the “State” into rebcllion, But, nevertheless, Jonnson has always had the support of the majority of the people of ‘Tennessee, as ho has now in this fight with his old Demooratic enemies, If the clection can be prolonged a fow days, it is moro than likely that Anpy will “swing around tho circle” again into his old seat which he oc- cupied at tho time the Rebellion broke out. THE TERRITORIES AND FUTURE STATES. ‘Tho 100th parallel of longitude divides the American Republic into two very nearly equal parts, geographically, though very unequal so far as fertility, population, and wealth are concerned. To the oast of it, the lond is good. ‘To the west, the Innd is, on the whole, bad. Tho 100th parallel cuts off, on tho eastern side, about half of Toxas, of tho Indion Torritory, and of Kansas and Nebras- ka, and a sixth or eighth of Dakota, It marks with curious exactness the limit of arable land in this country, and tho line whore tho grasshoppers most abound. The first-class soil really ccases with the 98th parallel, where the droughts ond grasshoppers begin, but the change from tho very good to tho middling and indifferent and from tho indifforent to the positively bad consumes two degrees, Weat of tho 100th parallel, the arid lands stretch for 1,000 miles, Thero are, of course, excop- tions to the general rule of badness, The threo parks of Colorado aro believed to be fertile, Constant irrigation could, in fact, render considerable of this Territory produc- tive, but there is not water enough for this purpose. The San Luis section, botween Colorado and Now Morico, is said to contain good land, but is badly deficiont in rain, ‘hero ore strips of passably fertile soil along tho line of Jay Cooxe’s subsidized railroad. ‘The basins of the largor.streams form ribbons of fortility, now a mile or two broad and now a few rods or feet. Moreover, the sheltered valloys landlocked by tho mountains catch onough moisture to yield rich pasturo and fair returns to the plow. Due allowance must bo mado for all theso ox- coptions, Yet, after every inch of fertile soil has becn tabulated, including the Messila Valley, Powder River, the Laramie Plains, tho Block Hills Valloys, otc., the general rule of badness still holds good, The quotations wo havo already made from Gen, Hazen's in- structive article in the January number of the North American Review, reinforced aa they ore by the official reports of the army ex- ploring expeditions which havo travorsed nearly overy square mile of this vast region, show that a bird’s-oye view of it would rovenl ‘a desert waste, o stretch of sun-scorched, high plains, of rugged hill-slopos and bleak mountains, of volcanio rocks and wastes, with spots and strips of fertile land, like onsos in tho African dosorts, Fright- ful storms sweep over the country. Snow’ in winter and sand in summer drift along tho dreary, waterless plains, Tho rain-fall, which. averageg 85 inches in fertile countries, here ranges from 6 to 16 inches, and averaging scarcely 11 inches, The smallor atreams dry up in summer, ‘The vegetablo growth is stunted, Tho reasons for this lio in tho to- pography of tho country, Geologists tell us that a long time ago this vast section of 1,200,000 squaro miles, from the 100th paral. lel to tho Siorra Novada ond from British America to Mexico, rose from the ocean, It was lifted to an average height of o mile above the sea, Walls of yolcanio rock push- ed their way up through it, Thogreat Sierra’ wall cuts off tho clouds to which the “ Gulf Strom” of tho Paolfle gives birth, These clouds drift towards the north. east and drop their burdons of rain betweon tho coast and the mountaing, A little rain falls in Southern California,—only a few inchos per annum. In Northern Cali- fornia and Oregon the rains are abundant, and so are the crops. Up in Alaska it rains mout of the time, Ooccnsional dopressiona in the mountain-chain, cut by rivers, allow the clouds to drift into the interior, but in gon- eral they vanish at theco high walls of rock. ‘Thus these vast uplands on tho eastern side of thia wall aro left unwatered, This intorior of America is as dry and barren as tho vast steppes of Siberia, With the excoptions of fertile spots wo have already noted (and these must not be lost aight of), it {48 practically valucless for agrioul- tural perposes, Portions of it may be filled yet with undiscovered gold and silver, but the single State of Mlinois could produce more grain, twice over, than this vast square of arid and alkali high Jand. It is the Ameri can Siberia. The best use that could be made of moat of it would he to troat itas Russia does the old, original Sixeria, and ship our disappoisted and detected politicians there, ‘There are one or two bameus to be drawn from theso hard fnots, The first is the folly of wasting enormous amounts of good titne ber, good iron, good Inbar, and good mone in laying thousands of miles of track for the sake of ‘developing a country,” most of which won't bo ‘‘devaloped.” As the region cast of tho 100th parallel gradually thickoxs its population, pioneers will doubtless presy over into tho fertile spots of this section ang fillthem to tho extent of their sustaining power, and rnilronds will bo built to them 9 soon ns there is any business or ecessity therefor, Tho second lesson is the expediency of consolidating somo of our Territories, ‘Key have been Inid ont too numerously, becnuss their capabilities for supporting o population have been greatly overrated. Large in square miles, they aro small in producing power, Ono reason for their subdivision hg been the greed for offices, ‘heir Govern, ments have been used as the apoils of polit, ical warfare. Thero are now nino ‘Yer, tories, exclusive of the great Indian roserys, tion, which are very scantily peopled, When ¥ their available soil is nll oceupicd, they wil) 4 probably together contnin no more people and produce no more food than cither § Illinois, or Iowa, or Missouri then will, Will it bo fair to give them eigh. 3 teen Sonators agninst tho two. Senatoy # of ench of theso States? Some of them ors 9 already clamoring for admission ay States, cx cited theroto by the luck of Nevada, with he :4 handful of population. One man in Nevads 4 hagas much political weight a3 n hundred ig New York. New Mexico camo very near get * ting admitted at the last session of Congress, ? Gen, Hazen says that if “tho army, ity haugers-on, and transient miners” were with. drawn from New Mexico, ‘tho remaining American population could sit in the shade of a good-sized npple-tree.” Two or three ct the larger Territories, with a mere handful of population apiece, have potitioned Congress to slice them into several parts. Politicd bummers want moro offices, Tho best policy is not further division, btt consolidation, It would be unfair t¢ 4 the States alrendy in tho Union te * allow a sparse, thin population scattered ova this barron region to gond cighteon Sonaton 4 to Washington to counterbalance tho whol “‘Northwost,” and it would bo unfnir to tl fow inhabitants themselves to make then support twice or thrice the needed number ot State Governments, Now Mexico and Arizons } should be reunited. Utah should bo tacked j onto Nevada, Oregon should swallow up Washington Territory, and two States-to-bs' should bo carved out of Idaho, Montans, * Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado, Californie, ' which contains much fertile land and enor. : mous agricultural capabilities, is twico as lergs | as Utah or Colorado, but hor people would } not tolerate tho idea of division. Texas, which contains three or four times tho ara of Now Mexico or Arizona, ond twice ot! thrice as much really fortilo land os all tha: Territories combined, refuses to be subd. 4 vided, and yet some day theso Torritorie, “4 with half dr third the population of Tex, '@ will have eighteen Senators to her two! Li this fair ? # Tn 1834, when tho Legislature of Tilinois * adopted hor magnificent scheme of intorad improvements, the City of Shawncotown wat tho groat contro to which all the railroads cf | tho State were directed. In the prosecution } of that system of improvements, tho State, by the aid of its banks, was reduced to ban’ { ruptey. Part of the work that was left asa { evidence of what had beon dono with the | money wasafew miles of graded rondwoy $ thrown up near Shawneetown, In tho abaw + donmont of tho scheme, this was also aban. #1 doned, It scome that the embanlanont throm up for the railroad crossed a9 small strean whose water was thus turned. In the fort7 years that havo elnpsed, time and noglect ani the rains have worked an outict for the wate f of this little ditch, and now come the Mayr and City Council of tho City of Shay’ noetown with o claim agninst th State of Ilinois for $60,000 damnz: © to tho streets of the ancient. metropolls ; caused by the construction of the grad roadway in 1835, on which no rail or tie wai ever laid. Two years ago tho Legislntwi sas impdrtuned to appropriate that sum, ar} tho claim is now presented aognin. Il Shawnectown escaped tho partial construs tion of the various works of internal improve ment bogun by the State forty years ati | more ago with a loss of only $60,000, then il is moro fortunate than the rest of tho Stoo Tho Stato of Illinois, after a rost of sixtt : eight years, hns beon paying principal as} interest nearly forty millions of dollars{¢ pay for grading railroads on which nover® rail was laid. At any time within the lat forty years the people of Shawneetown, i! 3 an oxpense of a few hundrod dollars, cou! have romediad tho evil and avoided the dat ages, but they did not choose to do so. Th ‘4 prosont claim looks vory much like a {0 taken on shares by somobody, and one ha. ! ing no other equity than the general ono tht! = it is always fair to plunder the State, ‘The disasters to the British marine dri the past month havo been unparalleled i numbor and severity. Tho list is simply of palling. First camo the cable steamer Ls Plata, which went down, involving a loss cf sixty lives. This was quickly followed by th) burning of the emigrant ship Cospatrick, 00) of tha most terrible dieastcra on record. Ov! of 450 people on board only threo wore saved During the presont month aix British steam ors have been lost: The Cortos, in tho Ray of Biscay; tho Brido, off the Fronch coast; the Alice, from Cardiff to Constantinople; the Borar, from Odossa for Cardiff; th 'Thornabia, from Cardiff for Bombay ; ead the Blongol, near Hong Kong; the six disse j tora involving a loss of 121 lives, which, added to tho two previously mentionod, malo tho total of 628 lives lost within the past fe¥ weeks, In view of this fearful sacritce of huninn lifo in such o short space of time, Mr Prmwout, the British member of Varlit- ment, soems to be justified in the charges h# hag mado that the English marine companied have no souls, and ara knowingly eondin3 out rotten vossels which aro entirely wnse* worthy and linble to go down at any moment Itisnow possible that the English Parle ment will pay some attention to Mr, Pun soit's charges, and that the insurance com |: panies will join him in demanding an inveh tigation. ‘Tho intelligent proof-tonder has been herr) from racently, Dr, Sywrax doscribed Mie. Tye ‘TOX marohed into court ‘with « aby schools! air betwoon # brace of turnkoys.” But the) B. knew better, He took in the altuatloo # once, and lo! when his labors ended Mrs. TH ‘Tox marched {a with ® “aby schoo)-girl alt br tween # brace of turkey: W. W, Broun poot-painter-soulptor, was mentioned, but wuperior Imowledge of the 3X, P, came 10 % toroue of Tum Tarmung, There was bub Broaxy known to him, the editor of the Tins aad the I. P, was urged by his divine {ntuitlo® to introduce that goatleman into the parags |