Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 18, 1874, Page 4

TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. 1875, TATES OF MUDACRITTION (FATAPLE I ADYANOR), Poatazo Lrepnld ut thiy Otico, hY Sunday.. poi Farts of n yonr at tho samo rate. ent dalsy and mlstakon, be suro and glve Post. drass in fall, Including Stato and County, Ttemiitanceamay bomado elther by draft, express, Post- Otico ordr, o in rogiatered letters, at our sk, TCRNS TO CITY BURSCRIN Dally, defivorad, Bunday cscopted, ta porwoek Daily, delivered, Bunday includod, 30 conta por wask Address THE TRUIUNT COMPANY, ‘Coraor Madizon and Deahorn-ata,, Clioagy, Ttk TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. OHIOAGO MUSTUM—Monroa straot, betwoen Doar- bera and Btate, ' Peop o’ Day,! MIVIOKEIS THEATRE-Madison stenct, hatweon Pyt 4ad. Stato, Eagngomant of Hanta Booth, Rrathiorn A GRAND OPERA-IOUSE. norman House, Holly & lack Statuo,™ lark streot, Lcoi's Miastrols, | ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halated stront. Uatvison Mad- 1800 anl Monroa., Enaagonont of Tany Denjor's Panto- mimo-Troupe, **Jack and thoe Bosastalk,™ TOOLKY'S THRATRE—Randolph strect, botwoon Qlark xud Lasallo, **Clouds."” SURNKR HALL—Wost Twalfth stroct. Lroturs by o Cover mivert SR b e of tha, do. wman-Amerionnd to America aud Nativo Amoricans,* e SOCIETY MEETINGS. ORIENTAT, LODGE, No. &, A, K, and A, M.-Tall, T Taliat, - el covianiniéation Gie (Feiday v at 15 o'cliolk for buainoss, alostion of onlcory for e avent. Mt hrdar af ho o Ll e B oR I B S, the purdty of tho various conpounds prep: r the hutnan stomnch. Biienotton Ixtracts uro pecpared from frulte of tho bhost Kuallv. and are hiy hlr conesutrated, 595 finca ol Hurnett's tiawntines for yoars,~soll tham oxeluaive. FHio very bust (0 (o country '~ Stantu Co, 5% have sold Burnott's cooking oxtracts wpwards af tnoiraTeteat Amasalaua Chom ianiard ad Folabl.” ) - ospea, “For salo by good gracors and drueglst INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS, THIRD PAGE-Oity, Suburbian, and Country Ttoal ftate, o lonig, Wants, hyiluoss Ol Hardcs aoa rriages, Agents Wanted, Musleal, ote., ote, SR N *PAGIE Amuemonts, - DeHodicals, Win- ta Tesorts, Ooosn Stasmubips, Ratlrond ‘timo Table, oy 00, The Chicags Teibune, Fridsy Morning, Decomber 18, 1874, One of tho incidents of the hard timesin Philndelphin is o letter to Mayor SrorrLy threntening him and other city ofiicials with assassinatios Common people will admire the audneity of the Indianapolis man who hnas begun suit for $40,000 damsges against his mo(hex;-in. taw, lleging that ke hes sustnined injury to that amount through the alienation of hig wife's affections. 31, Dawses deserves the thanks of the country for introducing in Congress yester- day a bill to restore the import duties on tea and cofice. Wo have alrendy given our ren- sons for desiring n tax of this nature, Itis the most economicnl, the most productive, and the Jenst burdensome tax that could be levied. ——————— Tho Legislatnre of Mississippi assembled yestorday in specinl session, Gov. Aes’ message is very imperfectly reported by the Assacinted Press agent at Jackson, who ap- peara to be violent partisan and utlerly un- trustworthy. No confidence should be placed in his dispatches. . The statement that there ir want of har- mony in the Chicago deleg,, ‘ un to Congress concerning the nppointment of Mr. CocnnaNe to bo Supervising Architect will eause somo surpriso in this city. The Chicago delegation now consists of Mr. Wanp and Mr. FARWELL. Which of them maintains the opposition the lelegraph does not say. Jony B. Rice, Representative in Congress from the Tirst Illinois District, died yester- day. A sketch of his lifo will be found else- where in this paper. Wo have only to say in this place that by tho death of Mr. Rice Chi- £ago loses an esteemed citizen and the coun- Iry an able and incorruptible law-maker, His family and immedinte friends will “have the sympathy of the entire community in their af- fliction.] Groror WAsHINGTON, JOHN ADAMS, BENIA- »ery Frangrrs, Jory Jay, and tho rest of them will be gratified, if they are aware of tho fact, Ly the announcoment that *The man- mgers of the Monmouth Parle Association have resolved to celcbrato the centennial of Amoricon Independence by the offer of a purse of 85,000, for all ages, in races of four- mile hents, and havo sont special notices to all the groat race-korse owners in the coun- try." Patriotic horses will please take notice, Mr. HunrLoor bas been aunthorized by the House Committeo on Railroads and Cenals to report his bill for n narrow-gaugo railrond be- tween the Bast and the West, Tho Fort St. Philip aud tho Hennepin Canal schemes havo been approved, and the James River folly has THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1874, quict and firmor at 6 8-8¢ for shoulders, 0 8-8a for short ribs, nnd 0 5.80 for short clears, IMighwines were quict and stendy, at 07c por gallon, Flourwas dull and wenk, Whont was moro aotivp and S-46 lowor, closing flrm at 87 #-1o coshydnd 88 1do for January, Corn was relatively notive and irregular, closing nt TT@77 1-lefor No, 2, 72 8-f¢ seller Mny, and 06 1-40 for new No, 2. Onts waore moderately nctive and 1-2¢ lower, closing at &ills cash, and 562 84 for Jnnuary. Rye way quiet and firmer, at 05@05 . Barley wog dull and eastor, closing at $1.21 for January, and $1,22 for February. Hogs were moro active and higher, selling at $6.60@7.00 for common to choice. Cattlo wore steady, Sheep ruled wenk aud lower, . The amendment to tho District of Colum- bin bill offerod yestorday by Senator Monroy, been put on one side. Congress will not probably venture to pusg any transportation bill which contemplates the expenditura of large stms of money, and tho mare discus- sion of such bills in not wi The sccession specoh of Dr, Ganycre at tho reinterment of tho Confederate dend in the Silvor Springs Cemetery was noticed at the time of its delivery in our telographic dispatches as amost incendiery and danger- ous uttorance. ‘This morning we print copious oxtracts from it, and invite the atten. tion thareto of all citizens who ave inclined to aupport the Democratic party, It in but one of many indications of the truth, which we| have been nt some pains to onforce in tleso columns Iately, that the fundamental iden of . Domocracy tends to tho subversion of our Institntions. Gov. Ossonxe, of Knnsas, has sent to the editor of Tus "Trimuxe & specinl dispateh in which he sots forth the condition of tho starv. ing people in the western part of the State, and recites thoir wants, 1le estimates that thereara 20,000 dostitute peoplein Knnsas. It is searcely possible forus to enforco by any words at our command the appenls which have al. rendy been made in this behalf; a 1ero statement of the facts ought to be sufleient to elicit u hiearty and gonerous respouso frony Al to whom the words of Gov. OsponNE ave addreased. Such o statement is made in an articlo preliminnyy to the Governor's dispatel, SR e The Ohioago praduce markets were irreg- alar yostevday, with more doing. Mesapork was aetive, aud 10@200 per brl igher, closing stordy at §16.12 1.2 cash, snd §10.456 for Fobruary, Lard was notive, aud 16@200 por 100 tbs highor, closing wenk ud $14.00@16,10 pamh, At RULAR collen Tebrnacy, Mentd wera which proposes to give the people of the Dis- trict the vight of suffrago, will' strike most people, wo venturo to sy, a8 pornicions and dangerous., Thera was some justico in ollowing residents of the District to vots so long as thoy protended fo pay tho expenses of the Municipal Govornment. But if they saddle the General Govermmont with their debts, and mako it rosponsible for futuro expenditures on account of (ho Dis- trict, they ought to be contont wilhout the ballot. 'The plan of having the nation fill tho purse whila the District holds the strings is simple and unique ; but it lng objectionablo fentures, Information has come to us that on tho TRock Island, and sone of tho other railroads of this cily, the delivery of grain dirocly from tho ear is prohibited, except with tho permission of the owners of the clevator or elavators which handlo the grain of the road. This permission, wo understand, is only manted upon payment of a royalty “of some two centsa bushel. If this is true, thero is only ono way in which the practico can Do properly characterized. It is simply Dblackninil,—nothing more norless. The iden is abhorrent to all notions of justice, that a man who lires a car of n rnilroad, and pnys his moucy for it, shall not be permitted to nnload it when it arvives at ity destination without pnying extra for the privilege. It is contrary to Inw nnd justico and morals. It is a system of extortion that is not tho less outrngeous beeause it is potty, .| It ought to be denounced and resisted by overy consigneo of grain in Chicago upon whom it is practiced, No old conirnct bo- tweon the railrond companies and elovators can bo quoted in justification, Thero is no justification for it. It is an outrage which the peoplo should not tolerate A momont. THE RESULT OF HONEST MONEY. The issttes and principles involved in the finaneinl questions of the day are illustrated Dy the difference between trade, commerce, and prosperity, os shown in the Dominion of Canadn and in the Pacific States of the Union on the ono hend, and in the other States of the Union on the other. From the beginning, Californig, Oregon, and Novada havo rejectod tho prper money of the Government as the staudard of values. They bave sternly adherod to constitutional money, snd ‘nover permitted tho false standed to bo recognized, Even at the first, when grequbacks wero at par, and were everywhers clso nccepted without question, Californin refuscd to receive them except a8 o' commodity, and the wikdom of this policy has been shown overy day since then. Whon greenbacks declined, it madeno difference in Californin ; there, business was done on tho real-money basis, and it mado no difference how high or how low the paper money might get, it in no wiso disturbed the business of California. When a man there sold property for n thousand dollars, he sold it fora thousand dollars real money ; and when a man contracted & debt for n thousand dollars, ho promised gnd expeeted to pay & like sum in gold, The standard of values re- manined unchanged ; there was no declining one way to-dny rod another way to-morrow, The dollar was always a dollar,—no more, and no less. Thero was no gambling or specula- tion in the value of the money, There was no bulling the market to make gold high, or bearing it to make gold low, Gold never changed. So many ounces represented so many dollars,—no more or less one dny than ou the other. Greenbacks wero never recog- nized ag monoy, aud were nover accepted ex- cept at their market valuo in gold, When greenbacks wore worth G0 cents in gold, they wera accepted as equal in valua to GO cents, and no more. That system hag prevailed in the Pacific States from the beginning to this time. The results nro obvious. A year ago, when the panic passed over the United States as o destructive blast, destroy- ing wealth, swoeping away the accumnulations of years, nnd leaving in its train an unprece- dented annihilation of credit, induslry, and production, the Pacific States wore untouched, Phey had not dabbled in the unclenn things. They had not ereeted n paper standmd ns varinble as the wind, The panie found them buying and selling and keeping accounts in dollars, and not with fluctuating and uncer- tain and irredeomnblo paper. They did busi- ness in money, and not with protested prom- ises, 'They dealt with property at its value in money, and mnot fletitious values founded upon lofs as to tho value of greenbacks at a futuro dny. Lhey lied no marging invested in tho chances of the rise and fall of paper ; they denlt exclu- sively with real volues in real monoy. 'There was no collapse there, because there was no speeulation or gumbling in the money invest- od, Thero was no shrinkage of values be- cnuse of the shrinkage of onoy., 'The money of Californin remnined unchanged, aud the property represunting like inonoy Jmew no shrinkage, While the banls of tho rest of the country olosed their doors, and oven tho savings bauks refused, for want even of deprecinted paper, to pny their dopositors, tho banks of California were undisturbed, paying oll demends in coin. The yenr hns gone by, and s hundred thougand mechanies of Pennsylvania have beon turned away from tho closed mines, mills, and workshops, and while all aver the conntry labor has been employed ab half wages or helf time, the Industries of Chlifornin have boen undisturbed, and the snvings Lanks of that State havo ou deposit §03,000,000,—n swin equal to thecapitalintho Nntional Banks of New York City, and ex- cooding that of all tho Nationnl Bauks in Philndelphia, Baltimore, Now Orlonus, Oin- cinnati, St. Lonis, Chicago, and Pittsburg combined. 'Whilo tho Nationa! Bauks of San Francisco have a eapital of two willions aud o half, the commereinl Lanks, organized un- dev the Stete law and doing buuness on n gold basis, hove n capitel of 48,000,000, I'hero hag been no panle, no disturbance, no prostration § thero has Leen continned isi- urease of production, of genoral wealth, of commercial prouperity, wud sl booaves Calie fornin haa mavor dona busdneva nn o san standard, sud has proservod ns tho bnsis of all er trado tho money employed by the civ- ilized world, What is truo of Oalifornin Is equally truo of Novada and Orcgon, which have in like mannor retained tho coin stand- ard of values, Lot nny ono comparo thoso results with that producod by tho twelve yenrs' substitu- tion of a fictitious standard of values in placo of n real ono, Hero aro tho dobior class vehomently proteating ngninst any improve. ment in tho emrrency. They say that when thoy contracted this debt, or bought this property, money was worth &6, €0, or 05 conts on tho dollnr; now that money is worth 88 conts,—nn ineronso of their dobt of from 20 to 80 conts on the dollar; to maka that monoy warlh par will be to add 25 to 45 per cont to the nmount or their debis, Americnn states- men are proclaiming that the only just remedy is to provent that eurrency ronching par, and to put it back to GO cents on the dollar, thue making money ‘chonp and plenty,” In Culifornin, money is abundant. Capital in any quantity is to be found thoro, becauso an fuvestmont in Culifornia is a snfoone, A dollnr invested remains a dollar to tho end ; it ia in no danger of being reduced by an nct of Cougress, or rendered valucless by the failio of n gambling stock bauk or a spocu- Intive railrond company. Shall the condition of affaira thnt has pre- vailed in Californin be made general through- out the country, or shall wo make our wrotehed, fluctuating paper moncy perpot- unl? Shall we go on s wo havo dono, until capital will refuse invostmentanot secured by coin collaterals, and the presentation of a greonbnels will bo met with a vefusnl to sell? Thore are other uses for monoy than to pay taxes, 'Phero nro other uses for money thon to pny dobte with. Monoy is wanted to earry on production, to give employment to labor, and to purchnso raw matorials, When theso suspend, there will be but little uso for taxes, and debts will passawsy with the annihila~ tion of tho credit system. 'Tho money the country needs is not deprecintcd papor; that hins lost the confidence of eapital, What we want is honest nccounting and honest pry- ment, and these ean only be had by the sub- stitution of honest money for the prosent pn- per, and of renl dollars for tho countorfeits. FRANK SPEECH ABOUT FRANKING, 1t scems that the franking abuso las only been scotched, not killed. 1t apparently has ag many lives ns o generation of cais or claim against the Trepsury. Wo are sorry to sco.that Mr. G. F. Hoan is one of the threo ndvoeates for tho restoration of tha frand. His motives are unquestionably good, but his position ss third fiddler to tho precious duo of MayNarp and KeLrey is un~ worthy of tho man, I ja n most amazing argumont that is made for the right of franking. 'Tho deficiency in tho Post-Offico rovonues bas increased dwing the year since franking was abolished. Therefore, cry Ker. 1Ev and MaxyNarp, {ho abolition of franking ig the couso of the incrensed deficiency. In other words, the Post-Ofice Department, by censing to carry mail-matter freo, hins lost money! This wondrous paradox must bo left to Kerrey to explain. It is sheer, utter non- sonse. 'I'ho Departinent has saved the es- pense of enrrying tons of unpeid matter, and Ting lost the receipts from that matter. As those receipts wero nil, it lias lost nothing. Its saving, then, is so much clear gain, Itis evident that Boxady Pmor hod too much renson for his caustio charneterization of tho apostle of pig-iron as a lunatic. The causes of the increased deficiency in the Post-Offiea rovenues are clonrly stafed in Mr. Jzwens's report. 'They are tho extension of necessary apil-routes through the unsettled portions of the country, whero the expondituro of a dollar yiclds n roturn of only 5 or 10 cents; tho extortionate charges of common cmriers ; the wastefulness of subordinates; the lavish subsidizing of stenmship lines, which get $1 to §6 for cmrying & letter that pays the Government n few cents; and the great enlargement of the lotter-delivery sys- tem in all our cities. Some of theso causes of deficit ere insepnrable from tho peculiar geographical conditions of the coun- try. Others can bo removed, and doubtless will be. The Postmnster-General has already shown an earnest zeul for reform and ccon- omy. The way to lelp. him cconomizo is not to make him earry tons of matter free, Messrs, Keruey and Maysanp, after shriek- ing n while over the doflcit, and proposing to cura it by increasing the expenses and dimin- ishing tha receipts of the Department, opened cry ou nnew iden, Quoth Krtrey: “ This is tho people’s privilego; I domend it for them ; thoy must have the publio documents they wish.,” MaxNanp cchoed the iden, In theso fow words both men managed to prove thomselves arrant domngoguoes, At presont, it will cost a constituent just ¢ conts to write to his Represontative and got & copy of auy public dooument ho wishes. If he does not caro enough for it to pay this ridionlously small sun, ha ean got along very well withont it. Tronking is uot tho privilege of the peo- ple, but the perquisita of the Representative. It allows the Intter to send copics of o speech which ho hias spouted to empty benches on a Saturday, and Das nfterwards studded with bracketed “laughter,” “applause,” ‘¢ pro- longed cheors,” ‘“tremondous cheoring,” “ gries of *Go on,'” ete., broadeast over hig district. Shiftloss conslituents uso them to light tho fire, and thyifty constituents sell them to the tinman by the pound. ‘The per- quisite further allows the Congressman to be cheaply gonerous by swamping tho libraries of, his distvict with ponderous “pub. doe's,” printed and delivered without costing him o cent,—and npever read, The frivolous youth who froguent tho libravies pre- fer light liferaturo to the roport of 'Porutrys, Consul ab "Verra del Fuego, on the Patagonian tarif. 'The peuurious lnw.-maker can also frank his week's wash homo and ju- closo n fronk to prepay its roturn, When an election is at hand ho enn seoure two or threo thousand of his signatures at Washington to hio usied in distributing pavty-pamphhlets at tho cost of the nation, Nay, he ean oven eell his autographs for use as postage-stamps, and has been known to doso, There isn legend of o Oongressman who franked kin liorses and carriage to Washington, It is not wholly impossible that the stovy hns tenth in it Thisfs the real nature of that « privilego of tho people,” about whioh ez ruy and MayNavo prate, Tho first of thoso men is n demagogue, and tho second is like unto him, Krrraey hos been threntening to Jonvo the Republiean pasty, but has sne. aeeded in searing nobody, Nobody sobbed, “iweet WinLiay, stay.” In fnct, the poople who took any notice whntevor of Krruev's Dbluster expressed o eheorful rondiness 1o seo himgo. Ho wishes tho Ropublican yarty to ruin the conntry by taxing the many Jor the bonofit of tho few, autt by forcing v orthiless shinplasters by the Dbillion npon the peunle, Tho Repubticnn oreod 14 & low tarl and hard monay, 1f thia dlaogrees with My, Kxrrvy, 1 n had Watbar obavt ha third oty forthy DBorrun is ready fo join, , Maxnanp han out- lived bis usefulneus, Ilo lags superfluons on the slnga, displaying a fine faculty for get. ting on tho wrong sido of overy question. 1lis ndvoenoy of tho Civil-Rights foolishness hias almost destroyed the Itepublican party in 'lonncksce. Ilis Congrossionnl earcor fortunatoly onds next March. When ono of tho two hns beon taken, it ina pity that the other has boen loft, Congress must benr with Kenuey two yonrs moro, Mr, Ganrrenp's dofenso of tho abolition of franking was too weak, It was only hnif- bonrted. Ho pleaded for anothor yent's trinl of the roform, ns if it had partially failed. It 1ina not falled, Whe attempt to roviva frank- ing iy merely n faintly-disguised scheme for splary-grabbing, Tho snlary-grab, konior, Inid a heavy cross on many Congressmen by putting an * ox” bofora their whilom titles, and the salary-geab, junior, if porsisted in, will do the same thing for many more. Tho Tepresontatives who are going homo to stay, March 5, 1875, cannot afford to hurt their dAminnged roputations any moro; and those who aro coming hack to Washington a year from now ecannot be too careful. A good many of them aro on trinl. They had better Ieop their fingers out of the Treasury, Tho poople do not wish the franking abuso re- stored, and thoy will mark the men who vote for the repenl of the reform wrung from Congress n yesr ngo, A PAPER-MONEY STATE, The State of Arkansas, just at this timo, is an illustration of the inevitable consequences of an issue of paper monoy without any pro- visionfor its pnyment. The Kertey school of inflationists insist that, so long ns greenbacks ara backed by the *faith and resources of the notion,” and are recoivable for taxes, thero onn bo no use for bottor money. The State of Arknnsns has alarge funded debt, upon which interest mnlures every six months ; and tho State has, in addition, outstanding State sorip, ovidence of Stato indebtedness, which is *“brsed upon the faith and resources” of the State, aud is receivable for taxes, This erip now amounts to a wum equal fo threo yems' rovenuo of the State. Of course, all taxes aro pid in serip ; no money is over re- coived into the Treasury ; all salaries are paid in gerip ; overything the Stato needshas to be peid for in serip, There being throo times ns much serip out as tho annual State tax, the demand for serip folls far Dbelow tho supply, and serip is not only deprocinted, but is getting lower overy day. Tho nominnl oxpenses of the Stnte are theroby in- crensed, Mon will not furnish the State with supplics and tako pny at par im serip. I serip bo worth 40 cents, they allow for a fur- ther deprecintion, sud chargo the State 81.20 in serip for what could readily be had for 40 conts cash, In this way the issuo of sevip is increasing with fearful rapidity. It now re- quires threo pounds of paper scrip to answer the purposo which one pound accomplished at first. In the meantimo, the State, having no other rovenuo than serip, hias no funds with which to pay interost on the bonds, and thereforo no interest is paid, and the Stato is pracisely in the financinl condition in which the whole country will be placed should tho inflation programme bo carried out and tho country flooded with an additional issue of paper money ““based on tha faith and re- sonrces of the conntry,” and receivable for all taxes. Already matters hiave reached that stage when the publicexigencies demand that tho prosent outstanding serip shell bo post- poned and a mnew issue of preferred scrip shiall bo issued, which in lime will Lo also postponed to make room for a new issuo of preferred serip. It is to this condition that any system of inflation adopted by Congress will bring the whole country. CARL SCRURZ. A Washington dispatch purports to givo Senator Scrtunz's views on the subjoct of the Missouri Senatorship, and credits him with soying that he would. not accept n regular Domocratic nomination if it were tendored to him, Ho is reported as follows: oW ean any man With common feuse expect me, wilh my prinelples, to support the Democratic party ? Can Idogiich s thing with my record,—sacrifico my whole carcer for tho sako of a scat ju tho Scuate 7 Whether or not r. Scaunz actually made this yemark to tho reporter, we havo good reason to beliove that it is o fair exprossion of is sentiments toward the Democratic party. ‘We know that ho has not onoe jot of sympn- thy—not ono idea in common—with the Bourbon Demacracy of Missouri, In fact, hiis position during ihe lnto campnign is suf ficient attest of this, if there wero no other, Ho noted with the Independents aud Repub- licans as opposed to the Democrals, It was woll underatood that, if the Republieans and Indopendents had beon successful, ho would have been their candidate for the United States Senate; and weo sincorely rogret, as may the ontire Ropublican party, that tho combinatlon to this end did not succeod. Thero i8 not & word nor an nct in Mr. Scrunz'scareor thatenn bo construed intosym- pathy with the Democratio party, as faithfully represented by the Bourbons of Missouri. Te differs from them on all tho fundamental principles of onr Government. Thoy believe in- *Stato Soveroignty " ; ho does nat, They beliovo in tho right of secession ; hie denies it. Ihey are but a lot of poorly-reconstructed Rebels; ho is an original Abolitionist. They are naturally and by inheritance * down on the nigger”; ho hns been the colorod man's stondfast fiend always, 'Chey rre roactionists ho is progressive. The two poles e not more opposite than Senurz aud the De- moeracy. And unless indoed, as ho says, ho wera prepaved to sacvifloe his whole eareer for tho sake of a sent in the Scuate, he could not cousant to bo their candidate, It is not Tikely, 60 ontirely opposite are they, that the Missouri Bourbous will dream of making him their candidate. 'hat would, indecd, be too severo & punishment for Mr. Scaunz's blun- der in outting nwey from the Republican party,—an insult whicl ought not to be put upon him. When Oann Scnunz first come fo this country he was already & Ropublioan. Ho hind given up lus native land, the assoolations of bis youth, tho things that he must have 1ield most denr, ny n sacrifice to his Republie. an nature, o found horo o natural aflinily with the movement for the salvation of the Union and the liboration of tho slaves, He was identified with the organization of tha Republican party, tho diroct and legitimato sucoessor of the old Party of Liberty, e contonded nlong with the ofhers ageinst frightful odds to achieve its success, He en- tored thoe army and fought for tho presorva- tion of the Union. o could not ntvike hands with the Rebelsho thon opposed, Thodiffer- ences ho has had with tho lendera of the pary in Waghiugton were rathor personal thon fuu- damontal ; thoy wera questions of polioy more than prineiple. W have uo donbt now that My, Sunanz is secrotly porsunded that ho would have been of gronter sorvico to his uountry if he had fought the jobbors and cor- e tandsta within tho Tennhlioan party fn. stead of going outside of it ; but thera in no reason why ho should bo ealled before o pub- 1o confassional to ncknowledge this, Wo are alko persunded that when the issues agein shapo thomaclves—ns thoy nust at the noxt Prosidential clection—botwoon Republieans and Democrats, between Biate Soveroignly and National Sovorcignty, between Progres- sion and Bourbonism, Mr, Sonunz will bo found just whore lio always stood when thoto insues wero clomly deflned, WRITTEN INSTRUOTIONS. Very general complnint is mado of the prac- tica provailing in our State courts of requir- ing the Judge presiding at o jury trinl to pnss upon written instructions presented to him by coumsol, nud to give, rofuse, or modify them 08 ho maysea fit. 'Uho evila of this systom havo been very clearly pointed ont by Judge MeAvztster, and he demands, nsn curo, the return to the old system of charg- ing the jury, or, as it is termed in England, the * summing up of the enuse ” by the pra. siding Judge. Thoe tendency of legislation in this State lns Loon to withdraw from the Court any comments upon tho ovidence, and to confin his instruetions simply to the lnw of tho case. By nn nct approved Jnm. 27, 1874, nnd in force July 1, 1874, it was pro- vided that *the Cowrt in charging the jury shall only instruct ns to the Inw of the crso,” thus leaving tho jury entirely freo to reach such conclusions ns to tho facts as they saw fit, without aid or iuterferemca from the Court. But tho practice of which Judgo MoAuris- TER particulnarly complains, of tho Court boing called upon to give a sories of ingen- jously contrived and frequontly contradictory instructions preparcd by the counsol, does 10k rosult necessarily from the statuto as it now stands, but has grown up from tho lazi- noss of Judges unwilling or unable them- selves to writo such instructions for the jury a3 tho caso demands, Sec. 53, Chap. 110, Hunp's Btatutes, provides that * IHereafter 10 Judgo shall instruct tha Potit Jury in any caso, civil or eriminal, unless such instructions aro reduced to writing.” This scction does not roquire the Judge to giva merely such instructions 88 nro presented to him by counsel. Ho mny, aud indeed o should, himself prepnva instructions covering his own view of tho entiro easc, so that the Iaw can bo presented fo the jury in something liko a harmonious and covsistent form. It ia true {hatthe following section (f4) provides that, **When instructions are asked which the Judgoe cannot give, ho ehall, on the margin thereof, write the word ‘re. fused,’ and such as ho approves he shall write on tho margin thereof the word ‘given.'” Under any system of practice, even that to which Judgo MoArrisTERdesires us to return, connsel had tho right to ask the Court to instruet the jury wpon certain points according to counsel’s views of the law. If, in a series of instructions propaved by tho Court, the points covered by tho counsels requests to instruct wero substantially given, the refusal of the pavticular instruction in the language employed by counsel would not Vs ervor. The Supremeo Courthas repentedly held that the refusal to give a particaler in. struction is not exror, provided the substance of the instruction wns embodied in one given. And benee, oven under onr statutes ns they now stand, any Judge desirous of giving to the jury su intelligont and coherent view of the law of tho whole caso can do so, and should do so. Tho difficulty is that but very fow Judges will attempt to do this ; and so thoronghly esfablished has the practico become of the counsel writing all the instructions, that the Judge sits in lhelpless inauition waiting for the presentation to him of series of ingon- iously-contrived legal conundrums, prepared, in many instances, for the express purpose of mistonding the jury and tripping tho Court, Through this series of conflicting riddles tho Court is compelled to grope and guess his way, and when the result is finally renched the jury oro left in a condition of the most perplexing muddle. So complotely have the Courts voluntarily abdicated their proper end logitimate fune- tions that in some districts in the State they do not oven read tho instructions to the jury, but they are turned over to the counsel for tho respoctive parties and by them read. To call the series of legal propositions the ¢ in- structions of the Court™ is the broadest pos- siblo farce, Wrilten by eonnsel, they might as wall bo. read by counsel. The Court is supposed to lave looked them over, and aftixed to themn his imprimatur, bub they give at best only mero glimpses of the law of the cnse, and thoso glimpses are from one side, Nothing like nn intelligent view of tho entiro ease can possibly be given under this most vicious system. Butitis obvious that the difi- culty docs not rost in the fact that these in- structions are writlen. It comes from the fack {hat the Judges do not themselves write them, but are contont to take merely such ns comnsel seo At to fur. nish them. Tho old method to which Judgo MoArvisteR rofors is open to ono very sorions objection, and no IJawyer lans over practiced undor that system who hasnot experienced it. When tho time comes to make. up a Dbill of oxcoptions under an oral ehargo to tho jury, troubles begin, A cave. less, a projudiced, or nn obstinate Judgo then has it iu his power to substantially deprive tho party taking an appeal of all benefits of his exceptions, The charge not being in swriting, the Court wilt refuse, having discov- ered his eror, to giva it precisely as deliv- cred. 'The only remedy is by mandamus, What the charge upon tho particular point really was, or fho exact langungo in which it weas couchod, it s frequently impossible and almost nlways difflenlt to show. And then, sneh n Judgo as wo have deseribod lias it in his powor to violate ovory rule of law in his chnrgo, thus inflieting the most serious injns. tico, and, by refusing to sot forth his charge corvectly in the bill of exceplions, deprive {ho injured pavty of any relict whatevar, As helpless and discouraging ag is the np. pearance of a Judgo waiting for the counsol to furnish him with the instructions, tho speatncloof & willful and dishonest Judgo re- fusing to put into tho bill of excoptions the charge which ho hag actually dalivered to the jury is o much moro sorfous one. Morcover, it 36 mattor of sorions donbt whother orat charges to jurors by the Jndges of our State Courts would not lond to neriows confusion, Tnstructions thus given would in many coses bo carelessly fromed and clumsily con- steucted, and tho tendency to exvor from mero “glopping over” would bo very much greater than if the Judge wore compelled to raduce his chargo to writing. The proper practice now prevails in the United Statos Courts, By o rccent act of Congross, any Judgo of that Cowrt may bo requested to reduco his charge to the jury to writing, and thus lio is compolled to koop & sulloiently clogo watch of the cawso during itw progress to be ublo to understand it, and to wiite in. taligantly converning It ot its olowo, Tio fs ot compelled to pass upon and deliver to the Jury o series of conflicting and minleading ivatruotions, The jury reccive an intolli- gont, comprehensive, and coherent statement of the Inw of the ontiro case ag applied to tho facts beforo them; there Js no difficulty in determining what the chargo In faek was, innsmuch a8 it 98 in writing; and counsel have all tho rights which they can possibly roqquiro for the protection of tho rights and interests of their clients to raquest tho Court to chargo or instruct ihe jury nccording to their viows of the law upon certnin points, aud preserving heir oxcoptions to tho refusal of the Court so to charge. ‘I'ho system of instructions s now pursued should bo sbolished, and Judgesshould bo re- quired to chargo the jury in writing, the Judges to write the charge themselves, 'Thin would not, ns n mntter of course, interfova with the privilego of counsel tomake such re. quests to charge as thoy saw fit ; but theso requenta should be in writing, and the form of indorsing upon such requosts the words “rofused” or “given” might Lo well dis- ponsed with, as o reference to the written chinrge of the Court would show whether they had beon substantinlly given or not. Tho practico of writing their own instructions to the jury will not be nt all injurious to our Cironit Jndges. It dovolves upon them n duty which rightfully belongs to thom, and the performanco of which they ought not longor to be pormitted to ovade or avoid, Upon the Court should bo rested the respon- #ibility and tho solo rosponsibility of putting into shape the Iaw upon which the jury ara expected to act, and tho pragtico of doing this, if it accomplishes nothing more, will cortainly improve tho standard of judicinl literary performances. Acenracy of thought, of lmowledge, nnd expression mny thus bo gained, which, under tho present shift- less method of relying upon the Inwyor not only for idens, but for tho langungo in which to clothe thom, our Cireunit Judges mny nover Dbo expected to reach. Thero will also bo cor- tain to follow from such a rule much im- provement in tho statemont of the law. Judges will commit fower crvors when the m- structions which they give are prepared by themselves than when they ere prepared by oounsel and plnced beforo them in a disjoint- ed and fragmentary shape. Jurors will act, and bo preprred to nct, much moro intelli- gently than they now do, and the general in. torests of the publie will bo promoted by the chiango. THE DISTRICT OF COLUNEBIA DEBT, ‘We jufer that Senator Cowxuive proposes o summnry disposition of all the bonds of the District of Columbig, and the municipal dobts of Washington and Georgotown, by tho Government assumption of the obligations which they rapresent. Tho telegraphio synop- sis of the bill he has reeently introduced into tho Senato proposes an issue of United States +4 per cent bonds, in an amount not to exceed £18,000,000, which shall be exchanged dollor for dollar within a year,—wo do not think it would require moro than s fortnight,—for the bonds and stocks of the District of Co- Inmbia and the old debis of Washington and Goorgetown, Whether it is intended that the United States Government shall hold tho bonds of tho District which {t thug redeems agninst tho people of tho District or not, is mnot clear. But it is imma- terinl, since it will amount to tho snmo thing intho end. IF these District bonds are re- toined, they will never bo paid. The District is now virtually bankrupt, For the TUnited States Govérnment to fund and poy off this debt, is simply to add this smount of money to the National indebtedness, release the peo- plo of the District, and securo the bondhold- ers payment that would otherwiso be exceed- ingly doubtful. From a recont statement of the Commissioners appointed by the Presi- dent to investigate the affairs of tho District, wo make up the following statomont of their finances : Ol debt of Georgetown, 0ld dobt of Wrahinuton Bonded District deb New 4,65 bonds lssu Tioard of Audit cortificatos’ Unadjusted claime Total....uoseens. 21,630,703 This seoms to bo a fair statomont of the ontiro indebteduess, From this might possi- bly bo deducted tho following items in arriv- ing abwhat the Government would assnme: Casli on linnd Dec, 1. Asncts (neluding u Unad)usted claims (ono-half o 3,147,787 Totaleuroresnssansinsnasnione This would leave for the Government to Assamne Total indobtednes: +,831,510, 703 Taes estimated de 3,053,002 §17,602,101 Mr. Coxgrixag, therefore, in fixing $18,000,- 000 ag the limit of the Government issue for thig purpose, seems o have meade a closo esti- mate in round nuwbers for wiping out all the obligntions of the District, old and now, bond- ed and unbonded, adjusted and unadjusted, Togal and illegal, This Governmont assump- tion of the District indebtedness, ibwill be re- membored, is in addition to tho annual appro- printions mado by Congress to the District Government, of which thoro wero nearly three and a half millions given for the current ear. ¢ Wo presume that My, Congring’s Dill is based upon the opinion of the Judiciary Com- mitteo of tho Iouse, given ladt summer, to the effect that the United States avo linble for thoso debts, since they wers contrnoted through thoir dolegated roprosentatives. But the Houso bill of last summor contemplated that only an equitable proportion of these debts should bo ngsumed by the Gen- eral Government, while we cannot help thinking that, undor Mr. Cowvxuixa’s pro- poted bill, tho ontiro amount of indebtodness wonld be assamed, A favorpblo eslimate of the project hiolds that the Government wonld only lmve topay abont $200,000 a yenr in- torest, this being the differonco botween the 4 per oont on the $18,000,000 and tho amount of interest the Government would Lo ontitled to from tho debts taken in ex- changa, But suppose tho Government shonld recoive neither interest nor prineipnl of theas Distriet debts? Tho supposition is not an unrensonable one, considoring tho present Dbankrupt condition of the Distvict, If tho United Siates Government'is to un- dortako to keop the Clty of Washington and Distriot of Columbia in order, make all theiv {mprovemonts and pay all their debts, thoe soonor the publio knows it the better. If this {a true, the Govermment might have snved many millions of dollava by accepting the situation somo yenrs ngo, bofore the gigontio systom of improvoments wns innu. gurated undor ““Boss” Bureuenp and his ring of swindlors, The saving would have BLoon mnde in two ways: (1) By soll. ing Clovernmont bonds at pay, whilo tho ‘District bondy, owing to their wnoertain so. ourity, hiave boen sold at o lawgo discount ; aud (2) by o eloser suporvision of the publio fmprovements, reby preventing tho extor. tions practiood nndor tho Washington Board of Publio Worka, It Is impossille,of conrao, to estimnto with any definitenoss o amount of money that would have boen saved lo the Governmont in this way, but oul of the 18, 000,000 it is now proponed to assume, and the approprintions mude heretoforo, it is likely that tho samo improvemonts could have beox made at from $8,000,000 to $10,000,000 Joss: ‘Tho interests of economy now suggest on of two things: 1, If tho Govorument if liablo for all fmprovements in tho District, lef tho Governmont mako them dirctly throtgh its own ngonts, and pay for them in ensh o1 ils own bonds, for tho future, As to the dubis alvendy incwrred, lot the Governmont nssumo only a fair apportionment, nnd take up District bonds nt tho rate the holders paid fothem, 2, If mot this, thon lot tho ques. tion seriously bo considered whether it will not be more profitablo to romove the Capital to some city in tho West—8t, Louis ntill seoms to banker after it—which can under. tako to do itsown munieipalimprovements and payits ownmunicipal debts. Wo shouldsay,al n guens, that $18,000,000 wounld pay the oxe pensesof the yomoval. We o notcaroto ga over the nrgiments for snd ngainst theromoval of the Capital,but wewitl say this : Thocountry cannot afford o repotition of eithor the ox travaganco or tho disgrace of these Washing. ton improvoments, and the old system mus$ Vo abandoned altogothor. Not only this, but tho General Government must nssume but o fair proportion, if any, of the Distriot debt, and exchango bonds worth par only at a rate that shall be equnl to the amount actually paid_for District Louds, The exchango of Vonds, afier the menner proposed, we can ouly regard as n sweeping assumption af the ontire indebtedness, against which tho whola country will protest, e rr—eer— Gen, Smarze hos renched his fourth ra port. Thoe suggestions which ho has mada hitherto, if adopted, would doublo the ox. penses of the Firo Department of the city, and now comes the following : A firo-nlarm telograph for clty as atduld Grmbricas o o o 2, A distribution of afrnal boxes from ono fo lureg blocks apurt, connected with tho central ofler, sad diuposed nipon tho Jiues, Ro it no two contiuoud boxed ar Lo of auy thred boxes, oo upou tho g reut, 2. Independont alarm cirenits, connecting the sone trai oftieo with tho hendquarters of tho Lattalionr, come 1y quartors, and police statious, having quick-icting gong fuatrumonts. 4, Indepindent cireults for steiling tho tower bells witlh o slower movement than thosa strikiug the goud in company quartere, 4. Indopendent linca counecting the lookouts with the conteal offic and with each other, with Morss koy andumall bell instrumonts in cacl lookout, 5. A lal, or ialking elrcuit connecling tha heade quuariors of tho firo brigado with thoto of tho bate ulions. 6. A Monse koy and instrument in each company auarlors for trausmitting siguals, ecednnty machinery, atteries, ote,, ot the contral offico for worlilng tho lines, ‘This would involvean outlny, itis satimnted, of £100,000, aud wowld theu require 10,000 to $20,000 per year to keep it running. What docs Gen. Smaren think we nre mmdo of? Does ho faney Chicngo has Sranow's bonanza {o draw wupon, and that the tax-pavers of the city are Souza pE CABRALS, whoso wives and daughters blazo with digmonds like headlights of locomotives ? At the rato tho General js going with his rece ommondations, Chicago would nred tha wonlth of Boston, New York, and Philadols phia combined to carry out his plans; and, when cnrried out, thoy would only provida for extinguishing fires, not proventing them. This point bns not yet ocourred to the Gen. eral in his auriferous proclamotions, and yel it should bo the starting-point in tho reform 1o is trying to work out, Chief-Justico DaLr (not the elongated and {m- prossionablo manager) hss given his docision upon the Bunday-smusomont Tquestion whioh agitated Now York eo long., Tho opinion wat given in the caso of Avorru AUENDORFEIN on an applieation for injunction to restrain tha Police Commissioners from intorforing with por formances at his thoatra Sunday evening. Judgo Davy declares adversoly to tho theatricsl mavagor and tho ungodly world at lurge. Tho act under which tho Potico Commissioners pro- cooded, ho held entircly conatitutional. It had Dbeon argued that in the majority of Christian countrios public thoatrical porformancos wora permitted on Sunday ; but in such conntrios nll manuer of sorvile work was oqually per- mitted. In all States of the Union, bowever, a8 woll a8 in tho country from which our institations were derived, no suclk practica oxisted, By long-established usnge, moreover, in this country and in Great Britain, the thostroa Tad been closed npon Sundays, and this custom was 80 univoreally observed thnt until ono or tva theatrieal managors violated it, n fev years ago, atatutory onactment wns deomed uuDvcessaiy. Tho objection that thoe law wae unconstitutional, - becauso its subject was not exprossed in tho titla & An net to preserve public peaca and ozder on tho firat day of the wool, commonly calted Sun- day," did not hold. Bub docs it uot strike the reador thsé what would upsot tho peasa and orderof onodny would as effcctually subvort .that of the day proceding or following ? —_——————— "Tho Unlon Leaguo of Phitadolphia ir an or- gauizntion composod of the leading Repuslicena of that city, and nuwbors aver 1,600 membera. Duriug the War it was voted for tho c:zel[onl tono which pervaded 1t and the good 1t ¢id dur- ing o vory cventful poriod of our Listory, Withe in tho past few years it has lost much of ita politicul chiaractor, but ns o goeinl organizatlon it appears to bo in a flourishing condition. Ita receipts for tho pant yoor amountcd to 130,255, Tho Loague, bowover, seomod fo o divided somawhat upon tho question ol rotniniug its political and patriotic naoola- tionn, Tho mora recently admittod mom:bors, who hed mot been idontified with ita War bhistory, desired to make a ohunge. o result wns that, ab tho sunual election of oflicors, tho supportors of tho “*mombess' " ticket passed a rosolution deolaring thetr inton« tion to olect oficors froo from auy political Lias, and upan this platform olccted thelr Prosklont by an insignificant majority, Tho Progidont olcoted was Mr. Jonx P. Venner; the Vico-Pros- {dents, J. GouaNauax Fr, who was Prosidont from 1805 to 1868 ; E. C. Kxiamr, Avorrn B, Bountz, aud Cuantes I, Ssurm, Tho list of DI- roctors includes many of the best known buui- noss and professionsl men of tho Quakor City, oy Thoro can bo no doubt that the Baratoga com= bination would give n groat donl to bo assurod of the truth of au itom whieh cropt into our column of railrond nows, to the effoot that tho Baltimore & Ohlo Rrilroad had joired tho combination. Thoro aro railroad men who would eat hoattior mesls and aloop moroe oalmly if suoch a consuine muntlon conld bo mado, Unfortunately for theia, tho itom was incorract, and should uot have ap peared in Tux Trwone, Thore Is no fouuda« tion for 1t, and ic is not likoly to be truo, The Balthnoro & Obio Railroad has too good & thing by romaiuing outside to risk its roputatton by being found in such company. It bolds thiv good thing only as long ay it romaine indepoud. ont, and (Lo interosts of tho1ond and Chicago aro too closoly identifiod to pormit of It praving traitar, oven it it o desired. Thore in no dan- gor, howovor. All tho ennurds that tho ring may wob flying will not budge thelr rival an Inch. Thus 1a what tho ofiicors of the road asy, and Chiengo is content to beliove thom. —— Phora hag boon & “liitlo onploavantness™ 1a Kausas, When the Distriet Court mot at Fort Hueott, two logal goutlemen were on timo, cagol 1o roprosont tho blind goddess, Judges S7Ew suz and BswpEN woro bofl prosent, nnd awsitel tha sigual, Whon tho Sherift mude his appeas auon thoy both atsrted for the olair, Tho diy tanoa wan ghort, bnt BrewAnT waslosing prowet i | i