Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 10, 1874, Page 4

" @18,80 for February, Moats wero quiot and wines woro in fair domand and stendy ot 970 bor gallon, Drossed hogs were quict aud work, closing at $7.60@8.00 por 100 b, Flour was dull and unchanged. Whont was more active aud firmor, closing dull at 8% cnsh, and 80 3o scllor January. Corn was dull and 1-2c lower, closing nt 7t 840 for old, G0 1o for now, and 72 8.4 for seller May. Onts woro quiot aud 1-4@1-%0 lower, closing nt 54 d-te, Ryo was qulet and 1.2 higher, closing nt 1t 1-20, Barloy was dull and un- changed, closing nt $1.25 cash, nnd $1.26 for Jununry. Iogs wero dull and 15e lower, Light sales ot $i5.60@7.20, Cattle woro rather moro nctivo and stendior, Bheop wore in good demand aud firm, 187 RATES OF IIHMCIH'TH“N (PAY|AII'.I TN ADVANCE) Datly, by mnil..,..812.00 | £anday. Pt S0 Weokiy Parts of a yoar at {ho samo rato, "o provont delay and mintakes, bo muro and glve Past- Oftico addrana in full, Inoluding Stato and Coun temittancosmay bomadoolthior by deaft, oxpross, Poat- Onicoordor, or in roglsterod lottors, at onr risk, TERME TO CITY RUNACTIRERD, Datly, delivored, Sunday excaptod, 273 conts por week. Dally, dolivorod, Bundy inctuded, 30 conts por wook, Address TIE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Cornor Madison and Deatborneats,, Ohloago, i, RRA-TIOUSE. GRAND OPK! ou atreat, fiecman Houso, Kol utoh 8.1 apposite & Mintroter *Grand HOOLIY'R TUEATIRE—Randoiph strest, botwsen Clark and Lasallo, *'Boliool," 'VICKER'S THEATRE—Madison atroot, hotween PRt o Yngagoment of Johu Droughinut, **Tho Lottory of Life," UADEMY OF MUSIC—ITnlsted stenot, hotwoon Mad- sfi;niwume.v oot ot hramne dorees Bads roakatt," FARWRLT, TIALT.~Madison strcot, batwoen Olark and o by lrot A seccond emnncipation proclamation has been issuod by the negroes of Momphis, They propose hereafter to support for oflice uo man who iy not identifled with the peoplo of tho soil. T'heir languagoe, with all ita sol- emn enrnostuess, does not esenpo being highly ludicrons. Iut it is suficiontly plain not to bho mistaken by thoso who have “ghorn” the negroes of their pocuniary accumulations, ovon to the pennios nccumu. lated by our youth and littlo fledglings,” liowovorunusual it may bo to call pickaninnics “littlo fledglings,” and savings-bank accounts “pecuniary aceumulations.,” The empot- baggers will know, too, what is meant by the resolution of tho negroes **to shake off theso unwarrantable fears ihat have proyed ns a bugaboo on the minds of our simplo people,” Iasallo strests. Lecturo by t, Harta, Suboot, **Thia Progross of Amorican 1lumior,' r GIURCH TALL-Olark afreot, comor w".'.’{.Tn'L‘?,f,’.”" Scort by 1o Apalia Sinetoal Ordbs SOCIETY MEETINGS. CIT, OF PRINORS OF JRRUSA: P AR A Hguiclock, firaitalion d farmoit 7 ordor of Jalia Ozl e G INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS, PAQR—City, Huburban, and Country Real B Ronk St oot Wantx, To Routs, Board- and Lodging, Fiuancial, oto., ota. EeVii LAGIimuiomots, Thentturo, Now Bub. 5 iip Notices, e oticos, Pro e it ST S o The Chisags Teibune, Thuraday Morning, December 10, 1874, Hexny C. Porren, ector of Grace Chureh, Now York City, wan elocted Bishop of Town Inst night. 'There was no excitoment iu tho Convention. Wo ave not informoed that thero was auy rending of old pamphlets or discus- sion of physical peculiaritics. On the second ballot, an eclection wns ronched. The Bishop-clect s, of course, n Low-Ohurch- man, Towa Episcopnlinns would invite 10 ono of Ritunlistio bearings to succeed Bishop Ler. Dr. Porrer is a brother of Err- eravir Norr Porrer, the Prosidont of Union Colloge, and of Oranksox N, Porren, Ropre- sentative from New York City in the present Congress, Ie isason of IlonaTio Porren, Bishop of Now York, and nephow of the lnte AroxzoPorrer, D, D.. LL, D,, who wns conse- crated Bishop of Pennsylvanin in 1845 and died in 1805, Al scientific men, and all others who are sufliciently informed to respect seiontific pur- suits, will bo rejoiced at the mnews that the transit of Vonus hns been succossfully ob- served at sovernl stations. Fortunately the preparations for this grent event wereso com- pleto that failure was searcely possiblo, Kararava is coming to visit Chicago to-dny. Lot overybody mnko up & good faco for the nceasfon, Wo are not expected to admire Kings, to be suro ; but Karaxaua isonly o very little one. Desides, ho has other claims opon us as being a product of missionary {abor, and & power in tho Sunday-school, NATIONAL OR BTATE BOVEREIONTY, The St. Louis Z%mes, one of the organs of Demoeratic orthodoxy, s alermed nt the heresy preached by I'mm Trinuse, that the United States doos not owo its origin or its Constitution to tho States ns scparato, inde- A romantio land-suit, which will not prob- pendent, and sovereign communities, Tur Tomuss holds that doetrine, as well as its conscquonces, and that spite of thoarguments of tho St TLouis shoot to tho contrary. Democrats havo a wonderful genius for Leing illogical, and the Z%mes s no exception {o tho rule, It insists that our position on this question is wrong, for the reason that *“tho States wero sovereign nationalities before our presont Government was formed,” The Zimes’ main grounds for thislast nro: 1. That Grent Britain, by the treaty of penco in 1783, recognized them “governlly end sepnrately s ¢ free, sovereign, and independ- ent.'" 2, Becauso tho articles of confedern- tion woro signed “by tho States.” 8, Be- cnuso tho Northwestern territory was ceded’ by Virginin to the Governmont in its eapacity asan independent State, and Congress, by ordinaneo, recognized that territory 1s o freo gift from the Stato of Vivginin in n sovereign capacity ns nn independent State, 4. Bo- oaven our preseut Constitution was formed by delegates from the different States, and that three of.them refusod to miify the Constitution for nearly three years. In ably bo fruitful of anything but expenso and annoyance, is now on trinl nt Pittsburg, It involves the titlo to ninoty ncres of lnnd in the heart of the city. Tho claimants will probably compromise for enough to buy them a corner lot in a cemetery and a Scotch granito monument. It is estimnted that there aro 28,000 mon out of employment in Pittsburg, and yot tho iron-worlers who aro on strilte do not real- ize their insnnity. Peoplo with so much idle time on their hands ought to make an intelli- gent study of the labor market. A fow hours' close application to the facts might bo of more benefit to them than a slight increaso of wages, A nolle pros. has been enteved in tho safe- burglary case, and it bas been given out that tho Attorney-Goneral will not prosecuto it farther. Thero are good regsons for drop- Pping tho presont indictments, since tho Grund Jm'ywlfichrotumo(lthcmhnsbonuprouo\mcad illegal; but wo shall wait with somo curiosity to hear what docent rensons tho Attorney- Genernl can give for lotting the rogues go en- | answer to tho firsb point, it is tively free. sufliciont fo observe that Greab Brit. m———— ain @id mot in the trenly of 1783 Elegant specimens of Southern rhotoric way be found in the noto of one Wazsu to the Mayor of New Orleons, Wazsn's object is to provoke a challongo from the Mayor, So ho says that the Mayor is “a desperate intriguante,” and that lo hns ““achieved the questionablo prominence which flaunts and glories in its own dishonor and turpitude.” That will do, wo should thinl, But what glory can Warsa find in fighting with so odious o person? e —— Bpeaker Brare hns felt ealled upon todeny an injurious report civenlated by o Washing- ton correspondent to the effect that the Speaker ind publicly expressed his dissent from the Presidont’s views on the currency question, Tho correspondent reprosented Mr. Branve a9 saylng that he Dolonged to what the aristocrats nnd effeto despots would call the mob, which Lo called the people. Any one who knows Spenker Brarsz does not. need to be assured thet he is incapable of giving utteranco to such nonsonse, e ——— The President's annual message, which iy the most important document of the kind issuedin the notlon, ismuch shorter than the Treasury report or Moyor CorLvin's mes. sage. And now come the Board of Railway and Warchouso Commissioners swith eight columns more. Tz Frmuxe bus not that much space for such a purpose, and, if it had, not one reader in n hundred would look through the report. Instend, thereforo, of printing it in full, wo give a concise opit- omo of its contents, Commont on the re- vort is roserved. e ———— Gov. Averprnr Asms is pursuing o rash and extramely hozardous policy in the watter of the negro war at Vicksburg, Ho scems, by ell accounts, tobo responsiblo for the blood that has beon shed thus far, aud for oll the complieations that may yet rrise. Therawero uo new developments Yosterdny beyond a proclamation from Gov. Astes directing tho rioters to disporse, nnd ealling the Legis- Inturo together in oxtra session, Tho Gov- cornor has already learned, it neoms, that fow evila avo moro terriblo to enduro than thoso of mob-law, recopnizo tho States s “severally nnd sepurately " independent, nor do tho words ““severnlly and soparately” occur in that in- strument ot oil. His Britannio Majosty ree- ogmized the States united, or ‘¢ United States,” ns ig the phraso in the trenty, as sov- croign and independent., With the severnl States, the Statey independent or disunited, Great Britain nover had anything to do after the Declurationof Independence,—the instru- ment éontaining which declaration rocognizey the peoplo of the Colonies mrrayed ngainst Great Britain a3 ono peoplo, inasmuclt rs it snys: “When in the course of human evonts it becomes necessary for oxe rrorLy to dissolve tho politicel bands which have connected them with another,” We would like our Democratic friends to inform us who wera the *“one people” and tho other people here roferred to i ot the people of all the Colonies constituting a nation and the peoplo of Great Britain. In roply to the second renson of tho Z¥mes, it is suflicient to remind it thet not the States, but represenin. tives on the part and behalf of the Stotes,— that is, of tho peoplo of the States or of tho whole country,—signed tho articles of confed- eration, So long as all the peopla of tho country wera represented, it matters little whother thoy wero represented by States, or by counties, or by districts, The third ronson we disposo of with the remark, that not as an independent State, but asa cor- poration with tho power of owning and dis- posing of land, did Virginin malo the cession reforred to by the Zimes. 'Theve is not o word about an **indopendent State” in the deed, nud evon granting that Congress did necopt the land decded to the United States DLy Virginin a8 a freo gift from that State ** in her sovercign enpneity,” wo might inquiro what right hed Congress to aceept it then any moro than it has now, and whether it haa authority under any ciroum- stances to acknowledgo the * independont eapacity " of Virginia? Tho fourth reason of tho Z%mes wo distisy with tho observation that tho threo States roferred to that refused for nearly threo yenrn to ratify the Constitu. tion wero not, and did nob pretend to be, in- dopendent aud sovercign during thoso threo years, and that although they, representing their people, might have refused to ratify the Coustitution ay produced ab fivst, had no right in consequenco fo withdraw from the “ United Statos,” but only to roquest that tho Constitation bo reconsidered and amended to suit what thoy considered best for their own interesta, ‘Wo thus rofute the Demooratio doetrine by Democratie tnotien; but thero is n more offac- tive wuy of demolishing their arguments, Tho L%mes, liko all Demiocrats, procecds on tho assumption that nations aro made, Now uantions, no moro than poots, aro made. Lhey nro born, They grow, Thoy are orgenic bolugs, The question whatlior a given people cunstiluio or do not constitute n nation, is & question simply of historical faot,and cannot bo answored by showingthatT'ow, Djok,aud Harry sald so andt ko, and wroto this thing and that thing about that pooplo fifty or cighty yenva ago, "oy, Dicls, or Harryof aighty yearsngo was a8 likely to be mistaken as to whothor the pooplo of tho Usited Btates aro o people as 1Most of the dispatohes reupeeting the negro war at Vicksbuwrg como from what may faitly bo denominated Rebel kources, Thoy noed analysis by Northern readers, When it ia snid, for instance, that a party of whites engnged in burying n comradoe wero nttacked by o bend of forocious and sanguinery nogroes; that volloys wero exchanged ; that the negroes lost twenty or thirty killed, and tho whites had one wounded,—when the dispatches rend like this, intelligont persons will undorstand that they are for the most part les, Tho Chieogo produce markots prosented * fow new features yesterdny, Mosy pork was . sotive and wenk, but olosed flrmer at $19,50 cash, -and $19,95@20,00 soller Fobruery, Lard waa activo and ensler, closing steady at B12,821.2@12.85 per 100 1ba eash, and #18,20 snaler, 'at 6 1-20 for shoulders, 1.2 for shiort ziby, and 0 8.4o for short clonrs, High. ' THE CHICAGQ DAILY TRIBUNI THURSDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1874 tho Tom, Dick, or Hnery of to-dny. question Loforo ws is not whother any of theso gontlomen 1eas of opinion that wo nro anntion and the Btates not sovorally sov- oreign, but whether wo are n nation and havo licon n nation pinco tho dnto of thoe Declarn ton of Indepondonco, spito of tho fact that Joues, or Brown, or Smith was of tho opinion iifty yonrs ago thnt wo woro not. Wo might show that many of tho nblest men of this nntion held that tho States ara not soveral- ly indopendent; butof what valuo would such tosthmony be if, ns a Dlistoric- al fact, they wero soverully indepond- ent? Wo might go ns far back ns 1782, and shiow that tho Logislaturo of Now York domanded that thore should be n mate- rinl change mado in the articles of confedor- ation, for tho renson that thoy hiad proved in- adequato to scouro the peace and socurity of the “ nation,"—not of the “individunl States” in thoir “soveroign eapacity.” But we core littlo to do this. Tho uiterances of States sud tho utterances of ablo mon nt this enrly pe- riod of our history simply offset one another, ~mutually destroy ono another, 'Ihe nation oxisted indopendently of its membors or divis- ionn, and theso latter had not yot, it may be, becomo fully consclous of its existonco, The untion, perhnps, was not consclous of itself. Extremo youth in tho enso both of nationa nnd of individuals is the timo in which thoy know what they are, and scarcely that they axe. Tho whole question Detweon oursclves and the Democrats is simply this: Wero the peoplo of the United Statesalwnys one people —ono in origin, lnngunge, customs, manners, and laws ; one in objects, aims, and effortu? If they woro, they wero always ono nation ; aud that they were is a historionl fact, which, if documents, or contracts, or mencontradict, s0 much the worse for tho documents and contracts, for the mon and their uttorances. If the peoplo of the United States wero, a8 claimed, o people, ono in origin, in languago, oustoms, mnaners, laws, in offorts, aims, and tendene cics, thon they were an orgnnio peoplo 3 nnd overy organio peoplo fixed in the soil, andin. dependent of every other peoplo, constituto a nation. Tho States nover existed except as States nnited, They nover wero soverally in. dependent. Thoy alwnys ncted together. No foreign power ever recognized them ng separate, No forefgn power over made a trenty with thom ns indopondont. They never had any foreign relations ns sovereign nationnlities. Thoy havo always been sov- ereign in their union, not in their isolation. They were not sovereign under Grent Britain, ‘This no one will deny. They did not become soverally sovoreign by soparation from Great Britain; for {hey did not separato soverally but as o unit,—ns ono people, one nation, Trom the beginning they have been United, not Confederatod, Btates,—the proper nnmo for an nllinnco of States severally sovereign, I the confederation failed, as it most sig. nolly did, it fniled heenuso it did not rocog- nizo fully enough thoe real nature of tho Peo- ple who framed its articles,—thatthey wero o nation nud not an allianco of indopondent and sovereign States, If he States were ever sovereign, thoy are sovereign still; nnd, as sovercign, havo tho right to socedo from the Union when they will. True, tho St. Louis Z'mes denies that this follows from tho promisas it admits; but that only proves its Democratio obtuseness, It grants tho promises of o syllogism, but will not allow tho conclusion that inovitably fol- lows from them! We would like to ask our Democratio contemporaries n fow questions which may help to clear up their idens ns to whether wo are s nation or ot Did tho soverolgn States in con. vention become a new and single soveroign State? If they did, did they lose their own sovercignty? And if they lost it, whero did it go to? To the new sovereignty? How could it? But if it Aid go thero, did not their sovereignty perish at that nioment, and they with their sovereignty ? And then, what became of the contract when the partics to it died and left no govereign snceessors ? Or if tho independ.- out soveroign States ceded their sovereignty, to what power did they eedo it ? How could they codo it to something not yet in exist- enco? Did they cedo it to the United Statos ? But tho United States did not exist to oedo it to, nccording to our Democratlo friends, Or dlid they cede it to nothing at all ; auddo they hold it still govereign and supreme ? Wo pause for n reply to theso queries, e — THE OURRENCY QUESTION IN CONGRESS. The currency debato began in Congross on Mr, Kerroy's bill to authorize the issue of a bond exchangeablo for groenbnoks, and benr- ing 8.65 per cent intorost, 'This Lill, as it stands, provides for & bond payable, principal nnd interest, in currency, It is equivalent, thorefore, to the greenbacks in value, and stands outsido and wholly disconnocted from any schemo cithor to advance tho cwrency to par or to resume specio payments in any form. It in mo wiso meots tho great evil that tho currenoyis doprecinted, If this bill provided for tho final payment of tho principal and interest of tho bond in gold, it would Dave tho effect, pos- sibly, of arresting tho fuotuations in the valuo of the currency, 'The " 6 per cont bonds of the Government are nt about pav in gold, A 8,65 per cent bond, ra- deemuable by the Government hereaftor in gold, would havo tho offect of holding the greenback nt tho market value of such n bond, Greenbacks are now worth 88 conts on the dollar; a 5 por cont gold bond is worth 100 conts. A 8,65 per cout gold Lond would be worth about the samo ns groen. baclw, ¢ As such o bond could’ bo exchango. able for' greenbacks at any time, its value would fix {lint of the groonbacks, and thus possibly provent the fluctuntions which aro forever taking placo, If, howoever, tho bond Do u cwrrency bond, it will stand upon the sana footing as tho curreney ; it can hiavo no matkot or eireulation oxeopt at home, and will rise and fall with every fluctuntion of the cwrrency ftaclf, ‘The bill, therefore, is utterly uscless for any purpose whatever, « + Wonotico that My, Fanwery doos not glve hin approval te the plan of specio resumption proposed Dby the Boeretary of tho Tronsury and rocommended by tho President. . Irig plan 8 freo banking, with o rotivoment of from a million to u million nud half of greonbacks monthly, Tho great dofect in this i4 that it hins no permonenay, Unlosg the bank nota circulation inereasod propor. tlonatoly, thero would Lo *a contraction of currenoy"” againat which thoro would be ngen. eral protest, Aloreover, it has been tried al. ready. In 1800, such a plan was put in opera. tion, and §144,000,000 of greenbiacks wora yo. tived ; Congress then, by law, stopped the ro. tiremont of tho curvenoy, anda Inter Congross snuotioned and logalizad tho reissue of wuore than bolf tho amount rotired in 18007, & it will bo agaln,. The noxt Congross would arvest the rotiromaont of the natlonal carrency, and wa a yenr heneo would ha precisely whero Wo now ave, with the additionnl disaster of dolny. No schemo which has nob tho ulti. mate objoct of n resumption of mpecto pay- ments con in any way mitigate the prevent ovil, or linva tho offoct of restoring tho nation- ol credit, THE MISSOURI BANDITTI Tho Stato of Missomri is rapidly scouring a most unenvinblo reputation as an enconrager of banditti and a sholterer of murders, Enrly in 1873, the Hot Bprings, Atk, stago was waylnid and all tho ocoupants wero robbed, the robbors subsequently making their os. anpo into Migsouri, whero thoy hiave sucaess. {fully evaded arrest. On tho 2ist of July, 1873, n gang of highwaymen placed an ob- sirnotion upon tho track of the Chiengo, Roclk Tsland & Paciflo Railrond, near Adair, Town. Asthe train appronched, thoy shot the engincer from their ombush, and {ho tmin way ditched. The highwaymen thon delibernloly robbed tho cxpross-car and the possongers, and mnde their escapo into Southweatorn Missouri, and they have novor sinco beon moleatad, Last Fobruary, o train on the Iron Mountnin Railrond was robbed nt Gad's Hill, Mo., while hialting at that station, by n gang of highwaymen, who relioved the passengors of all their valuablos, and then made their escapo into Southwestern Mis souri, secking rofugo in s district which has long been infosted with a geng of notorious highwaymen and murderors, who havo held theiy whole neighborhood fn terror for years, nud have nover beon molosted by the law. Tt was this gavg, it will bo remem. bered, which killed Capt. Lous Luzy, of this city. Now comes the intelligenco of atill an- other train.robbery, this timo on the Kausas Pacifio Railrond, nesr Muncie. - A gang of masked robbers, heavily nrmed, stopped the train by piling rails on tho track, As in tho Adair oase, on attempt was mado to Lill the ongincer, but fortunately ho cscaped. After {ho train lind como to n stop, the robbors wont throngh tho express-car and secured 10,000, with which they mado their esenpo, tho Inst news from thom boing that they wera on their way to Missouri, After such g quick: succossion of robberics ag these, all contering about the samo lo- cality, it may bo nccepted as vory conclusive that Missouri s the homo of an organized gang of banditti, whore they are sure of shelter, From the fact that nono of these gangs have ever been punished, and that the Stato authoritics Lave never taken any steps to arrest them or to aid others in arresting them, it may also Db nceepted that tho Stato nuthoritien do not intend to punish them or to interfere with their operations. Al- though tho exact locality of their rendez- vous is well kmown, and was penctrated by tho brave but unfortunate Cnpt. Lory, and although the highwaymen are porsonally Lnown throughont the entiro Stato, not the first ntep bas ever been taken to nrrest them, notwithstanding the fact that all of them aro Linblo to punishment for many local crimes in addition to these heavy trnin-robberies, In fact, immediatoly after the Gad's Hill rob- bery, when the authorities of Towa swero making sirenuous efforts to capturo theso robbers, the Democratic Legislaturo of Mis- souri indireetly placed every obstacle it could in the way of justice. Tuasmuch, therefore, s these outrages have Dbeen allowed to go on for threo years without protest, and as the State of Missouri probably will continue to give shelter and countenanco to theso gangsof banditti, n respousibility rasts upon the companies of railroads running through Iowa, Kausns, and Misgouri, and in the Southwest generally, to adopt measures which will protect their passengens from rob. bery and violence. If the train-men hed been mymed, any omo of the out- rages wo lhavo onumernted could have beon stopped. Thero is an aver age of at lenst ten men to every train, and theso robberies have been mado by only five or six men at tho most. If tho rnilroad em- ployes were armed, they conld rally enough of armed pssongors about them to success- fully zosist any attempt nt robbory, Somo such precaution ik duoe to the traveling pub- lie. They take risks enough of explosions, collisions, broken bridges, and other railroad mishaps, without boing obliged to incur tho ndditionel risk of being robbed and mur. deved. INCREABING TAXATION, One of the more gluring instances of un. blnshing impudence in the way of legislativo schemes of robbery i contained in n propo- sition by TLroxanp Myers, & membor of Congress from Philadelphin, to increnso the tnx on the consumers of manufactured oot- tons, wools, iron and steel, motals, paper, in. dia rubbor, gless, leather, and a variety of other materials, It is propossd as & mensura ‘‘to give omployment to labor” by inerensing the tax ton per cent on every article of neces- sity that has tobo purchased with the pro. ceeds of labor., Two yenrs ago, under the lond of Mr. Keirry, of Philadelphia, the mojority of both partios jin Congress, partly by design and partly through ignoranco, re. pealed the tax on ton and coffco. Tea and coffes not boing products of this country, the repeal of tho duty had no other effect than to raise tho pricont tho place of production ; aud the large rovenuo proviously derived by tha Government has sinco thon boen paid to the foreign producers and to foreign Govern- ments in export tnxes, Congress had provious- ly reduced the duties ounenrly all classes of monufactured goods 10 per cent, otill leaving the duty wnprocedonted in ony civilized pation. The repenl of the 1ax on colffoo and ten had another objeet, and that was to produce such deficienoy in the revenue ns would compel Congress to restore this 10 por eent tax on manufactures, The practical difforence as a sonree of revenue bo- tween a tax on ton aud coffes, and n tax on cotton and woolen goods and other lines of commoditics mado nt home, is readily illus- trated, Thuy, a tox on ten and coffee, nona being produced in this country, is all vovenue, ond goes dircotly to tho Tronsury, whilo a tax on cofton and woolen goods, ivon, lenther, ote,, applies as well to tho domestio produc. tions s to the imported articles, aud, ss the homo manufncturo greatly exceeds tho im- ports, tho lavger portion of tho tax paid by the praple does not go to the L'rensury nt all, Assuming that tho imports and domestio pro. duction of the following clnsses of goods to bo correat, we have tho results statod ; Articles, Anu't of tax, ‘Toa ut 15 conta per pond , ... +$ 56,000,000 Coftte, ut 8 cenin par DouRd v 000 Imported woule an + 10,000,000 Imported cottons 0,600,000 TDomoatlo waolena 1,000,000) Domeatla colton 45,000,000 TOAl 8% 0 10reunenssersnssasanssrsas o §357,000,000 Of this tax, that on tea, coffeo, and im- ported woolens and cottons, less the oozt of collootion, nnd mmounting to 72,000,000, wag pald into the National Tronsury, while the remaindor, amounting to $105,000,000, though paid by tho consumers, formed no par of tho publie revenuo, but was absorbed ng bounties by tho * protacted” manufac- turors. 'Tho tax on ten and coffoo was purely revenuo, every dollar of it going intothoTreas- wy; whilo the tax on woolon and cotton goods was a sort of partnorahip-arrangement, undor which tho Government roceived $00,- 000,000 out of the §225,000,000 poid by tho people, In ropenling tho tax on ten and coffec, 12,000,000 of rovenue (tho amount colloctod in 1872) wns lost to the Trensury without chenponing thoso goods to the peo- plo. But Lind the tax on cotton nud woolenn boon reduced 20 por oout, tho tax on tho peo- plo wonld Livo been reduced $40,000,000, and tho loss of revenuo wonld have been only $12,000,000, Tho ropenl of the tnx on ton and coffeo was & rapenl of rovenue, and was 60 intonded. Tho reduction of 10 por cont of thoe taxes on all manufactured goods was but o nominnl reduction of rovenue, but a largo reduetion of tax on the people. Tho Sceretary of tho L'rensury, after point- ing out the folly of repenling tho tnx on ten and coffec, whon its offect was not to redice the cost of those articles to tho consunior, but to ndd to its cost in foreign ports, urges the rostoration of that tax, which ho estimates will yleld from 310,000,000 to $12,000,000, Mr, Mrens and Mr, Kernry meot this sonsibl suggestion of the Sacrotary by proposing to restoro the 10 per cent dutics ou all the nec- essarics of life, which, if done, will produce probably 810,000,000 move revenue, at a cost of §70,000,000 to 80,000,000 tax oxtorted from tho people, as it will enhanco tho price of all the articlesinvolved by 10to 15 percont, Thp country has enongh of taxation, espo- cinlly of thot portnership kind whoro the ‘Cronsury receives one-fourth orless of the tax pnid by the people, and specinl interests the other three-fourths, Noris there any neces- sity for cither an increnso of taxation or rove- nue. The remedy for any deficiency in the sinking fund is a roduction of oxpend- itures, a reduction - of expenses in all tho departments of the Government, and the prompt cutting off of evory manner of abuse in the civil servico, mont, high or low, should be tolerated in making any expenditura not proviously nu. thorized by lnw, and overy case of that kind—and they are so numeroms as to call for, on an average, five or six millions of dollars aunually under the fraudulent titlo of deficiency—should be followed by the in. This Gov-~ stant dismissal of the offonder. ernment is not instituted, nor are taxes levied, for the moro benefit and profit of tho men in offico. Every dollar of tax collected is adep- rivation of so much of somo man's meaus of living or Dbusiness, and Congress has no right, by rash expenditures or wanton taxa- tion, to thus consume the substance of the peoplo. . rr— GEN, BKALBE’B?};IBD REPORT, Gen, Smazzn hos mede his third report to tho Fira Commissioners, and has fairly bo- wildered that good, ensy-going organization with tho amount of work he hes cut out for Tho first two reports were of extraordinary dimensions, and beforo the Bomrd could fairly digest their propositions tho third comes so heavily freighted that the Bonrd indespair made no attempt to net upon it or consider it, but took it under a sort of in. definito advisement, and went home in sorrow- ful wonderment what the next report would contain, Unless they change their former conservative modo of sction, Gen. Smavnen s cut out enough work to last the members them to perform, of the Board the rest of their natural lives, The new report recommends tho organization of tho Fire Department into n brigade, to be composed of six battalion, under a chicf of brigade, chiefs of brttalions, nnd compnny commanders, all the officers being gra dedin military stylo. Tiio roport also contemplates an Iucendiory and Combustible Bureau; a Building Buresu; a Telegraph Bureau ; and Bureau of Repairs and Supplios, which aro to have charge of all detnils coming under their respective heads, Leaving out the other two reports, here i worle enough to keep the Bonrd busy for awhile. Thero is ono point, however, in the third report which is worthy of careful and immediote attention, all the more so as it does not involve any expense, and that is tho organization of the Department upon the mili- tary plan, the concontration of responsibility insomo compotent head, and tho enforce. ment of military drill and discipline, It is this feature which has mnde tho Toreign five brigades so eficient, and it is tho only way in which our firemen can be made to perform their best services; the only way in which the ofticers of the Department can work in- telligently and skillfully and havae perfect commnnd of their men. Such an organizn- tion would put every man in his placo with a spocial work to do, and would intercst him in doing that work, ss ho would bo persounlly responsiblo, and would toko pride in doing it well. Without alluding to the other pro- visions contemplated in the roport, which can be hind when tho proper timo comes, here isono atlenst which can bo acted upon af oneo and without expense. Tho other pro- visions involva moro or loss of expense, and enn bo acted upon after caroful consideration and an iuvestigation of fingnces, with the view of secing whether they are practicable and possible, THE COURT-ROOMS OF COOK COUNTY, Wae do not donbt that Judge Fuxs's chargo to tho Grand Jury, on the subject of the quarters provided for our loonl courls, was the cxpression of an enmest conviction on Lis part that theso quarters areof n obaraotor to endangor tho health of tho Judges, Jjuries, court officials, nttorneys, witnosses, and in- terested speetators, and impedo tho ends of justice, The numbor of people who ars compolled to attend daily tho cight courts held in this city is by no means insignifionnt, Judge Tnen eslimates it ns high as 1,000, and, counting the changes from day to day, thero ave several {housand who are roquired to put in nan appearance during overy torm. ‘The Judges, oftlcials, and nttornoys mny bo enld to bo in constant attond. anco, If, theroforo, the present quarters ara foul and nwholesomo, - or in dunger of falling, o8 Judgo Tnes evidontly belioves, tho complaint ghould commaoud n hearing from tha people, - Wo enn readily concoivo, too, that the cause of justico may bo in danger .when o Jury enn bo forced ton Dasty conelusion in order to escapo tho offon. sivo ntmosphere of its confinement, And we aro inclined to believe that the court racords aronot safo in a building o hnstily con- structed ag the prosent City-ITall, and thero- foro in constont dnnger from five, Wo stmt out, thereforo, with the admission that it would bo largely in tho interest of tho entiro community to havo other nud bottor quar- tora pravided for our Ofrcuit and Superior Judges; Dut wo (o not think that any goueral indletment will hold ngatust tho ety for the prosent condition of things., The City Govornment, oftor the firo, provided tha bost quavtors it posalbly eould in so short n timo, and offored No officer of the Govern- the nccommodation fo tho courts, Tirst, it gave thom the ocoupancy of the High-Sehool, and next offered thom & portion of the tem. porary Oity.fall, All thia time, the County Bonrd hns mado no offort to provido for the conrts, though thoy are county justitutions, Now, if tho proxont eourt-rooms nro undo- sirablo,~ns thera fn no doubt thoy nre,—tho proper procedura i4 for the County Bonrd to provido others that ghall ho in keoping with the porsonal welfare and public use- fultioss of theso Lribunaly, The United States Governmont foung suitablo quar- ters for the United States Courts when thoy wero burned out, Let the County Govermnent proceed to do tha #ameo for ity courts, An advertisoment for proposals for & suitablo building, or yo much of n building a8 mny bo adequate for the courly, will find suitablo responses, and wo do not donbt that the necessary qunrters can bo socured at g moderato rental, if an offort i made to that oud without favoritism or jobbing. Another cousideration in favor of this notion is to bo found in the fnot that tho location of tho courts in comfortable quarters would put a stop, for somo timo to como, to the clumor for Court-Flouso building, Tho city officinly, who cortainly ocoupy the bost quarters in tho present City-Hall, seom to o sntisfled where they are. Tho Recorder's office hins o location to which no- body is inclined to objeot, and the connty hns 0 permanent Luilding for the county offices, courty and jail. A proper location of tho Circuit and Superior Courts, which would satisfy the Judges and answer the public do- mands, would flually dispose of tho wholo Court-House question until the {ax-payers of Chiengo aud Cook County shall bo better pre- pared to undertake the erection of o build- ing on the Court-House square, OLD BANKS, Whenover gold becomes part of our cireu- Inting medium, the gold banks provided for by our present laws will doubtless start into Speration throughout the country, instead of boing confined, as they now are, to the Pacific Slope. Tho act of July 12, 1870, pro- vides for the issue of any amount of National Bank notes redecmabla on demand in gold, provided tho corporation asking for them hing deposited in the Trensury a $100 gold-bear- ing bond of tho United States for overy $80 of notes. The only rostriction on tho amount issued is contnined in tho clause that 1o single nssociation formed under this law shall have a civeulation of moro than $1,000,000. This does not limit the total issno at all. Theso gold banks must Ireop A resorve of 25 per cent of their cireuln. tion in gold or silver coin of this country, and must recciva at par tho notes of each other, Tho provisions of the National Banking law apply, in the main, to them, but its refer- ences to ““lawful money " aro to be construed, whore they are concerned, as meaning silver and gold. The repoal of the Legal-Tendar nct, and of the kindred seetion of the National Bnuking Inw, would result in the transaction of busi. Dess on o specio basis, and a consequont do- mand for gold notes, Banks would be formed, under tho act we have quoted, to meet this domand, ‘When the greenbncks were retirad o suf- ficiently funded to make the part outstanding equal to gold, it would b necessery tochange the act of July 12, 1870, or clse the General Banking law in such o way s to mnke the bercentage of notes issucd to all the banks oqual, Tor, if this were not done, the banks organized under the general law would got 90 per cent of their bonds roturned in the shapo of notes, while thoso formed under this upplemental nct would get only 80 per cent, Asall tho bills would be rodeemable in specie, this distinction would bo unjust, Tho best way to produce equality would probably bo to simply repenl the rostriction of tho geueral law on the amount of curreney issued, Thoy could all, then, be organized undor that law. Sineo they would all bo gold banks, it would boperfectly safo to lot anybody who could de- posit gold-bearing bonds start such g corpora. tion, Freo banking on n gold basis wonld work in this way: If the country was in noed of uora currency to effect its exchangos, it would pay capitalists to start banks to supply the need, and they would therofora do 50, If too much eurrency wero issued, it would depreci- ate at fivst only a fraction of n cont. 'Then it would be presented for redemption, ro- deomed, and kept in the bank-vaults until it wag ngain in demand, Thus the clasticity of the currency would bo secured, Weo pub- lished, during the heat of tho fight for freo banking at the lnst session of Congress, au editorinl argument for it which was read in tho Senato by tho ablest op- ponent of tho measurs, and declared by lim nb that timo, to bo the bost possible pre- sontntion of tho cnso, Tho editorial was written upon the assumption that banking would be made free boforo tho greenbacks reached par, Its conclusions apply, however, whother the Governmont currency is at par or bolow it. Wo roproduce thoso portions of it which refer to the overwhelming proof fur. nished by tho English precedents ; Tho greentiaoks correapond to the Bank of England noted aud to Natfonal Bauk notes to thoso of fha Engllel country banlie, Our readers will ind fn tho Orst volumo of Tookw's “Ilistory of Pricea” coplous oxtracts from the testfmouy of Engiiah country ankers on tho working of tho myotem thore under A Rusponsion of spocle-paynients, 'Thi testhnony slows that tho nowunt of currency they would keop aflont ruived rogularly with tho season of tho year. Durivg the apring snd fall trado thoy dfscannted frely, but, Hoon ufter, thelr notea wero presonted for rodemption (.en 1u Bank of England notes) until the aurplus ispuo was #gain etored awoy fu thelr vaults, When the Bank of Eugland contracled its fasues, thotrs increasad ; when it Inoronscd ita iwaues, thefrs contracted, TIn ofhier Words, th eurrency fawued by Lanks which could fegally clreulato any mmount whatover contracted and expanded in proclao proportion to tha needs of tho country, It was thoroughty olastie, If such a currency was thoroughly olastio ‘when redeemed in paper, it would cortainly bo equally 8o when redeomed in gold, It is ovident from theso facts that Presidout Grant's and Secrotary Buisrow's advocaoy of free banking on & gold busis is wiso aud statesmanlike, e ——— Evon tho lenst oharltable ean readily undor- stand the anguisl onused by the Bercnen sean- dultotho Rov, T, Di Wirr Taraaar, whoso generous heart must have bled as tho bLotriblo dotails wore mado publio, Do what ho would, Mz, Taryace could nover creato n sonsation which could rival that. No mattor what his **eecontriclty,” bis numo was not ay widely kuown, and, woro he oven to fall like Luctren, bo could uot fall like Bruousn, o prudontly rosolved Lo strugglo for the socond place, aud walted thl tho publio mind wus once ntoro quiot, 40 that his littlo gust of wind would not bo lost in tho hur. vlcauo which procedod it, ‘Thon ho ** went for " tho stago and all tho men and women cone uootod with it, assailing tho virtue of tho womon espocinlly with a cournge and determinntion at once torror-nspiring and novol, And now, finding thnt ho has miscaloulated the offeot of his nssaults, ho ronews publio intorest by snnounclug that ko 14 the recipiont of dally throsts upon bis lite, Bub tho bullet hisw no tere rors for TAtaracz, Ho fonrs not the arrow by dny - nor tho poatilonce that flisth by night. And he #nya 80 buldly, ITecourts the printedwoodon dage ger of tho stago-nusausin ns ho proclaims tho une cbnatity of tho player's wifo and sistor, Mr, TALMAGE I8 In no dangor, Tho professlon ho age pordes haa learned a doadlior rovongo than knife or paragraplh, It ignoros him, and ho roars with pain the loudor, 1t i to no purposo, how ovor, Brooklyn's pantomimo will novor swakt tho intorest of Brookiyn's lato molodeama, bothe Joats novor mo conreo, or tho jostor mover 8¢ snxious, —_— Tons than a year ago the godloss of 8t, Loult wriggled in terror at thoe denunciations of tha Rov. E. P, Hamtoxp. The papers waro full of it. HAxatoND onrried tho Gospol to the brothels, and roveled in convorsion aud sonsatlon, \Whep Lo went, chaos camo agnin in 8t. Louls, o hiny sinco broken out fa Burlington, In,, Oalesburg, 111, and other places. Tho editors pnd olorgy da not altogethor ko ITarstoND, apparontly, They scoff at him, and fnsinunto that ho is an immors Pordon. They ank him why ho loft Providonea, R. I, 4o hurriedly ono night whon n gontlomen in tho audience ncoused Lim of passing his nighty Whore ho should not, Ono Galesburg oditor eays that hig patent * convertod prize-fightey " Tocoives %308 day and oxponses for doclatming the story of hiy convorsion, and ealls upon tl:at conscletico-ntriokon sufforar to * show tho recird of hls battles fn Rew's Life, tho iip- per, Wim_e.y‘ Spirity or somo othor god- less and * nnrogonerate organ of {ho P. 1. A Dutlingon oditor announcos that Txnxoxp converts wholo towns nt 8300 & woels and expenses, whilo ovon brothor clorgyman of Galosburg nrlsea in big pulplt and threatons to !*oxporo hik trickorios and uttoy shemolessne i3," Look ont for an oarthquake, Tt two sha-bears gulped down a scoro or two of unwashed areliing for uncomplimontary allusions to tho bald head of o minor prophot, what kind of a grasshoppor do thesa unssuctifiod Journalista hono to ofeapo from noxt summer? Moanwhilo, badn't 3} {Axt- MoXD bettor got back to his loss Tastidious con- Brogations in St. Louls? ———— Boroxtox hins returned to lifo i the porson of tho Genoral of tho Army, Whila hovoral ands of Sioux were hunting on the Houth sido of the Bouth Platte, a crowd of Utes docouded upion thom and earried awny 265 pooles. The Fioux, or such of thom as had ponies romalning, e:arted in pursuit, but returned unsuccessfal, Failing to recover by forco, the Stoux apponled to tha law to rostoro their property. MMaj. DubLry forwarded tho Sioux claims from Fort elliorson to Qon, Onp, commanding tho Dopartment of tho Dlatte, with o recommondation that tha Utag bo ordered to roturn thelr booty ; Gen. Oup for- wardod tho recommendation to Gen. Buzmipay with an indorsoment ; Gon, Suenmay sent it on without a word to Gaon. Sienyay, who in his turn forwarded it to tho Secrotary of War, but roversed tho recommendation of tho officor below. 1o is not quite suro mbout {ho Justico of making the Utes give back tho poniea, In his opinion, it they Lnd not robbed tho Bioux tho Sioux would hiave robbed thowm, snd, if ace counts between the two nations wero balanced, it would be difficult to say which displayed the gronter aptitudo for knavery. Being n cuse of pot aud kettlo, ho ndvises loaving 1t alone. —_—_—— Life in Arknnena is not uneventfal, no matter what somo folks sny, Hora aro tho doigs of a singlo dny in and around Little Rock: Tuoxag Daxtnoxp shot twico and killed Davip Sawrie g causo, domestio tronble; JamEs SzweLy, mer- chant, shot bis partner, IIanny Wisenats, und killed him § cause, a peraonal difffeulty ; s stage- driver named Wirsox blow his brains out 5 onuso, domestio troublo; Ep Brnatae, farmer, shot and kitled Lzaten, a saloon-keeper ; canse, whisky ; & son-in-law of tho Hon, Semut Spavu- LER, of Barbor County, was slot; causy and murderer not stated, the affair being probably unworthy of more than mera montion made by tho bappy undortaker. All theso ocenrroncos in ono dsy polut to thue specdy ostablishment iy Arkansas of ' Peaco on earth, and good will to. ward men," the anthem to that offect being sung to what Antexos WARD calts “Tho sweet noto of tho rovolver, and tho pleasant shriek of the vietim," which are daily heard in the land, —_—— The gallivanting GERDEMANY, priest and proge olyto, hims decided to becomo n Philidolphia Tawyor, aud lias given ovidenco of the Tiecessary ncuteness for that profassional eminenco, ILig Bishop asked bim for tho doeds to coitain real ostato worth 812,000. GERDEMANN tho'ght thn demand madost, but decliued to surrender thom. Ho arguod that, 08 ho was about to start in & now profession in which lucro played o conspicuons part, it would ba just ns woll to have some ta atart with, With a wife, 812,000, aod his adver« tising all dono for him In advanco, GENDEAMANY lacks nothing but that inconsiderabls itom-—a good oharactor. —_— OBITUARY. Tho telegraph brings intelligenco this morns ing of tho death of EznA Countrr, founder ol Cornoll Colloge, and one of the most liboral and public-spirited®men in Americn. Mr, ConNELE was born in Wostcnestor County, Now York, Jan. 11, 1807, and was consoquently almost (8 years o3 ago. Hig oarly lifo was that of most pionoers! childron—a strugglo for buro existence, intensic fied and prolonged by all tho disadvautages ol solitudo and tho necoseitios of incessaut bodily labor. Ho Lind fow opportunitios for book: lonrning, which qoprivation, however, was o & source of mitch sorrow to him st tho timo. Ho inclined rather to out-of-door employment and boad n matorial gonius, if ¢ho phraso may bo applied to s mind bent upon o study o) natural foroos, Ho cared only for bnnl;u a8 1 menns of information in respect to _llm principles of mechanics, aud even for this kind of knowl odgo he was moro largely indebied to observa. tion and experimont. It lms been said that Lo was a natural mechanio, having an antitude in tho uso of tools and ma obinory, with wonderful resources of invention and combination, o was smong the first to renlizo tha Importanco of tho magnotio tolagraph discovory, and tho =lch fleld for lnbor aud eapi- tal which its genoral introduction waa certain to afford, 1To embarkad in tho now entorprieo with his wholo hoart and mind, abandoning all other pursuita in ordor to givo bis undivided attontion to tolography. Tho roturna from his invest- monta wora speody ond Iargo, and, they being prudently applied in purchases of roul ectato, Ir. ComrneLy soon becaino oue of the woalthiost mon in tho United Statos. When ho had arrived at this atage of life, the waut of llboral instruction on Lis own part, and perhiaps o laudablo dosire to hand dawn Lis name in lettors of gold to posterity, turned his atton. tion to the oauso of education, Ite ondorod a public kbrary in Ithaca, N, Y., whoro ho hnd proviously taken up a roaldence ; and thon con- coived thoides of founding in the samo place sn fustitution of learning which should he nat only n eollego, s our so-onllod universitios thon woro, or an acadomy, s many of tho protendod ocollogos wore, but a gene ufuo exponout of tho vory highes| seholaxship fn tho land. Mr, Connxrr's plana woro pothaps too ambitious. He usod to say, In tho early days of Cornoll Univorsity, that ho would bave an jnstitution In which suybody could lonrn anything; and his porsistenco fn this fdew subjectod him to some gendla and somo {ll-natured ridicule. Dut ho per- sistod all tho samo, and tho rosul} is suffotontly maguificent and glorions to keop his momory greon nmong mauy generae tions, Wo linvo uot now the space or tho tima to toll what Cornell Univorsity 1s, or what it promisos tobe. It is enough to eny that ft {y ono of the most complotoly equippod and ondowod schools in tho United Btutes; and thin vortalnly I8 no mesn praiso of an ontorprige which hud tho dimlvantage of starting 160 years behind liarvard and Yalo, It shonld Lo romombarod, too, in estis muting Mr, ConNeLr's lifo-work, that tho found. ing of the Univorsity at Cornoll gave an immo. diato snd vory strong stlmulus to Yale and n:urvnrd, and o tho cousa of education gomy erally, i ! ;