Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 1, 1874, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBU. TUESDAY, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE, R 1R8T4. RATHB OF SUBACTAPTION [PATATLE IX n\vn‘gm. L8 e t tho sawe rate To pravont delsy and mistakes, bo sure snd give Poat- Ofice nddrens In full, tnoluding Btate and County, Hemiltuncosmay bomadosittior by drafl, expross, Poat Otivo ordor, or tn rexlsierod lottord, atvur riak, TEWME TO CITY BUBSCHIBENS, Datly, delivared, Sunday cxcobtul, 205 conta por wosk. Dally. delivorod, Sunday fncluded, B0 couta por waek, Address I TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Deatborn-sta,, Chioago, Iit. iy, by mall B peekly-. Vartsof a3 i TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. atrest, ERATIOUSK—Olark QRAND OPSRX & Minstres. oppoalte Snerman Touso, Kolly & Leon's *trand Luteh 8. dolph strest, betmess HOOLEY'S T Clark and LaSalle, AGADEMY OF MUSIO—Halntod strast.botween Mad- intan,. B e Taole. Deator AT Tad i Kl Biossad 1aby. ¥ SRR THEATRE—Madison_streat, Letween pflrfif—’nfi.'fia Atate itugngoment of dohn Brougham. “David Copportiold.” S MCOORMICK'S HAL Kinsie, Readiogs by C) TY MEETINGS. o ) i e e e T North Clark strest, eorner of tto Cushiman. G, No. 203, A. 3 frateruliy oor o and work oa tho Kirak Doxeeg: g U ooy N, BIR KNIV ated Conclaro of (R et L R B ins, s D goludke Ffting e Kuights covrloouly in- SHiad, By ordofof e N G <, 100Kt Recordor. .—CILI0AGO ENCAMDMENT, Ko, 10.— Al S Hacampmont. are, requosted it e Johat o mext masting, £1n foa;, far tho sonetdar TGt tho geeation of Ualfor =0 (i, sorte. P ] BUSINESS NOTICES: 70O DESCRIBE THE S Task. who. huws ASTHMA.-IT IS USI B odic hma. e o afreaing paroxsimny know fall well o lde S0 ALTCOD s v fatld o ATard O 1 avew in tho most savero casos, and fro- quent floctod lpt;mmnmll aure. o 5 The Chicans Tribune, Tuesdsy Morning, Docember 1, 1874. Becrotary Bristow promises to do moro sharp work whon he begina to attend to the prosecutors of fraudulent \vnr-clnlm.s. The times just now aro not flush for ¢ claims" of any description. Roderick Random But!_uz s discovered na'mucl, to hissorrow nnd dis- gust. A Mr, Walter Strain, of Buffalo, who has boen “ prospecting” in tho Black Hills re- gion, has returned to Des Moines. Ho roports that nothing but pocket-gold can be found, and it not in paying quentitics, Br. Strain ~would probably take the whole world into his confidence if ho know whero to put his hand on a particulnrly rich sssoriment of nuggets. The County Altorney has made a virtue of necessity and pronounced the Egan archi- tect contract to be illegal. The County Bonrd will probably imitate tho examplo by rescinding the resolutions pnssed at the November meeting. There is renlly no use in gotting o bad namo and stealing nothing sworth the wile. It was announced in the afternoon papers Whsterday that Sunset Cox would address n meeting of striking Jongshoremen in Cooper Tnstitute last night. Tho dispatches this morning do not say whether ho made such pn address or not. If ho did, he went far to establish a considerable roputation ns a dom- Bgogue. Congress will not stand shivering on the ‘bouk next week, but will plonge boldly into the tide of business—and take the ornmp, perhaps. The Civil-Rights bill is second in order on the calendar; the principal ap. propriation bills aro in readiness; and the cmrency question, ss tho reporters say, is ¢ lgoming up.” e Free and independont voters, who have Tately oxercised the inalienable and blessed right of bolting, and who hinve assisted in tho olection of old-line Democrats, will watch with somo interest the movement for the re- fease of Mr. Tweed, now being made in New York, But one month passed since the eclee- tion, aud Tweed’s fricuds move fqr o kabeas rrpua/ Converts to Democratie principles should lose no timo in backsliding into the Republican party, or they may live to own Tweed as their leador. Forney's rovoke of his proposition to sell the Press will oceasion much amusement and good feeling among Republicans, and will doubtless give Mr. Alex. McClure o “state of mizd” whioh we ave reasonably informed ‘ho has not hnd since the last election of Gen. Grant, Tho Republican party doesn't caro to let the Press fall into the enomy's hands, It is a valuablo friend, because it is outspolen, gincere, and intelligent. Money can buy sub- servient organs ; it eannot purchase the char- goter which i3 improssed on & newspaper by honest and able management, X A It is vomarkable that few porsons expeot tho trial of Mr, Gage, which is now in prog- ress et Waukogan, to result in his bnprison. mont. The most that fa generally looked for is o verdict of guilty from the jury. After this, it is thought, will como endless super- sedenses and new trials, until the erime is forgotten and tho criminal is forgiven by the people. The facts do not justify these ex- pectations, B, Gage's offenso is admitted. Only quibblings and technicalities can save him from tho grip of the law; and, though his sentence to imprisonmont would be pain- ful $o the people of Chicngo, nmong whomhe hias Tived in honor for a goneration, it ought atill to be looked for nud desired. Prenident Graut's mossago and Secrotnry Bristow's report, which will bo presented to Congress next weel, will be,if their contents have been correctly forecnst, two of tho most remarkable documents that have been pro- duced by the present Administvation, 'Tho conumon belief is that the President and the Beerstary will strongly urge the naming of o dny forthe resnmptionof speciopayments, and * will suggest that it be not Iator than tho 1st of Jonuary, 1876, The immedinte effeots of such a recommondation npon the mnrkets of this country would ba most favorablo; if it »hould be reccived aud adopted by Congress, there would bo a recovery from tho prosont business depression at small expense and without patuful effo The Ohieago produce mavkets wera gener- ally woal yostordey, Mess pork was notive, and 20@280 per brl lower on options, closing at 820,16 cash, and 20.80@20,85 scller Feb- ruary. Lard was modorately notive, and 15@ 200 per 100 tbs lower, olosing at $18.40 cash, and $18.86 sollor February, Moents wore not- ive and easlor, closing at 7o' for shoulders, 9.7-6@100 for short riby, aud 10 1-6@10 1-40 " thore for short cloar. Highwines woro moro nctivo and ensior, nt 970 per gallon, Flour was in light demand at fornor prices. Whent was netive and stomdior, olosing at 92 1-20 soller Decombor, and 08 5-80 for January. Corn was nctive and weak, closing at 77c cash, and 78 1-2asellor the yoor. Oats wero nctive and 1-4@1-20 loweor, closing firm at 53 1-8@083 1-lo onsh or seller the year. Rye was quiet and ateady nt fMe, DBarloy was more active and frmer, closing at $1.28 cash, and §1.25 for January. Hoge were quict, with moderate aales ab $0.00@7.65. Cattlo wero dull b un. changed prices. Bheep were quiot andstendy, Our Boston corrospondont obsorves, in n dispatch published clsowhers, that the civil-service rules which have been extendod to tho Boston Custom-Ifouse do not scom to bo in working ordor., 'Tho oriticism is plensantly 1ando, and tolerably well supported by a statomont of facts, It appemrs ihat Gon, Butlor is still powerful with Collector Simmons, and that roniovals and: appoint- ments are mado in the Custom-fIouso nccording o his wishes, If this shall prove to Do tho cnse, tho Administraiion at Wash- ington will havo to order Mr. Simmons’ ro- moval, Gen. Butler has boen rejected by the Republican parly at large and by the people of his own digtrict. The taint of Butlerism must bo crndiented from Republican Ad- ministration ; aud will be, wo do not doubt, whenever its presenco is made known, The Committee of Engineers appointed by the Citizens' Associntion to examine the en- gines at the Water-Works, and test acourately the amount of reliance to Lo placed upon them in timo of noed, will commonce their worle to-day. Tha caprcity of theso engines to pump water is asubject of too much im- portance to Chicago to be moerely estimated vaguely by intorested porsons. It is no se- crot that tho acournoy of this estimate is doubted by many engincers, It is claimed by many that, if tho engines were forced to the full pumping capacity atiributed to them by the city authorities, they would be unable to moet the demand, and cither fall short of their reputation or be injured. Whilo a sus- picion of this lind prevails, it must be ac- companied by a painful apprehension every timo a firo occurs. It is therofors to be hoped that the experts employed by the Citi- zens' Association will spare no pains to make the test thorough, and avoid no exposurc on account of any ‘‘other brensts that must ache.” Lot us know how much water we can rely upon in cnse of need, and low far, if at all, we have failed to got tho value of our monoy in the pumping-works. BON: LDER AND GRANGER. The New York Nation, which is nothing unless it bo rocklessly abusive or supercil- iously oracular, hes an article on the subject of the railrond companies which have de. faulted in the pnyment of intorest on their bonds, and takes occasion to abuse the peo- plo of the Stato of Illinois therefor. The al- logation is that there are $500,000,000 in- vested in railroads, upon which interest has been defaulted during the past year, and that of this sum $45,000,000 are invested in the railroads of Hllinois ; and it is added that, *“at the lowest conceivable cstimate, these rop- resent at lenst80,000,000 of renl wenlth, for the full enjoyment of which the people of Tlinois at presentpay no considoration what- ever,” ‘Wo have not at this moment & list of the Tllinois railronds which are in default, but they ero largely, if not exclusively, of that class which were built before there was any need of them, built mainly without any cash capital, and whose construction cost in thg way of debt is far in excess of tho real valuo” of the work dono and material furnished. These railronds were largely speculative. They were constructed in districts which in time will furnish business sufficient to pay a reasonable income on the nctunl cash in- vestment. In mnearly all theso railronds was o sort of Crodit-Mobilier arrangemont, a construction company, and a friendly Bonrd of Directors, Ior every dol- lar invested in tho railronds there was a ‘bond or capital stock issued for 8 or $4. It was speculation nll round. The construction companies got whatever they asked for build- ing the road; the Directors paid them in bonds. The bonds were made to pay interest at the rate of 8, 9, or 10 por cent; the bonds were purchased on speculation in Wall streot nnd elsewhere at from 40 to 60 cents on the dollnr. The roads, when completad, had but little business—thero wero noither passengers nor freight offered in quantities sufficiont to pay moro than operating oxpenses, and in some cases not that. The few people resi- dent along the routes who sought to use the roads were offered the opportunity of so do- ing upon giving tho company the grain, and poying something beside in cash for its trans- portation. Nor is this all. The wily speculators who built these railways appealed to the people to aid in the work. Towns, citics, and counties were wheedled into sub- scription to the capital stock, Tho munici- palities of this State voted mno less than $16,000,000 of their own bonds, bearing an averago interest of 9 per cont, to help to build these roads. These bonds were con- verted into cnsh, and in a majority of cases this was the ouly aotual cash capital of the companies building the roads, Al elso wes raised by the sale of bonds to spec- ulators ot nominal rates. The munici- polities which wore entitled to hold 516,000,000 of tho capitnl stoclk of theso ronds hove seen thet whole amount swept away, Road after road thus in part built by them has passed into the hands of the bond- holders, to the extinction of all this stook of the municipalities, ‘We do not believe thoro is a railrond in Il- 1inois in which half {he cost of construction was derived from cash subscriptions to the cnpital stovk which is 1n doefault, Xt is only the wild-cat ronds which fail to pay interest on thelr bonds, We do not beliove thera is a rond in Illinois whaosa linbilities do not- axcoed twico the ac- tual cost of tho road that is in default for in. torest. Tho roads that aro in default ave those whose mansgoment has been dishonost, or which wora built with the proceods of bonds which were sold for whatever could be got for them, and which were bought as o speoulation, just ns tho enpitalists, of En- glnd dwdng the War bought Confederate bonds, or as somo of tho baukors of New Yorl have bought South Carolina enrpot-bng bonds, Wo havo thoe result: The roads were built too oon, and on an average at thres thnes tholr rotual and propor cost, They wero put in operption beforo thore way any compon- pating businoss for them to do, and thelr cost of construction, ns represented by their outstanding bonds, cslled for an income two or throo times ns great s would havo been nocosary had they bean built in a legiti. mate mauncr, The bonds wers sold mad . bought upon the risk that as they ropresented nu amount so Jargely in oxcess of tho legiti- mato cost of the rond that an inability to get the intorest on the bonds for a long timo en- tored into tho prico paid for them, Thoy woro ronlly fanoy securitios, .whose valno as 8 productive {nvestment was altogother iu tho futuroe, Tho Nution ndmits this faok whon it states that for the 45,000,000 of defaulted bonds therohns boen 110,000,000 of property planted in the State, In other words, that the men who invested 65 cents ns & speoulation hold ‘bonds for 100 conts, upon which thoy are not gotting tholr 8 or 10 por cont intorest. Thera ara many millions of dollars in- vested in lands, in mining companies, in manufnctures, in city real estate, in nows. papory, and in various otherlines of business, which aro unproductive, Tbat is the mis- fortuno of tho persons making the invest. ment. Wo do not understand how the peo- plo of Tllinois ave in pny way to blamae bo- causo the holders of those bouds of unpro- ductive railway compnnies connot got their intercat, It iu nlloged that the legialation of Tlinois is 8o hostilo to railronds that it has produced this tomporary insolvency. This is falso in point of fact. The legislntion of Dlinois has boen at the worst compara- tively hnrmless, and in no instanco can the default of any railrond company be justly attributed to it. Whalover rail- roads in Illinois nre in default owe their impeounious condition to other causes than State legislation. To the extent that they woro speculations and unsubstantiul, thoy shared the collapse which overtook that Lind of property a yonr age. In time, when the population aud business of the various localitios grow up to the sipport of & rail- road, these bonds will improve as an invest~ ment ; but this is a bad year to ondeavor to collect 18, 26, or 85 per cent intorest on the actanl investmont in railroad bonds. Weo do not wish to be understood that, becnuse the bonds represent two or three times the amount of capital invested in them, that the claim of the holder for all the interest logally due him is unjust; we merely say that, when ~ man speeulates in bonds at 60 cents on the dollar, he takes the chances of waiting for principal and intorest just the samo ns if he wero denling in tho paper of any other dobtor in desperate circumstances. The peoplo of Illinois bave paid liborally for their reilwnys. The owners of the land elongside the Illinois Contral Railroad paid for the wholo cost of that rond—perhapy twico its motual cost. So with other rail- roads in the State. Whatever financial troubles these ronds have mot are due to causes beyond the control of the people of tho State, and to the offorts of stock-gam- blers to overrench the public and overrench each other. 'The Nation's effort to hold the peoplo of this State up sa the real doefault- ers in the matter of these railway bonds is not sustained by the truth of the caso, and the nbsenco of fact is not compensated by flippancy. 18 DRINEKING A FELONY ? ‘We print elsewhere a communication from Mz, J, W. Harrison upon the subject of Pro- hibition, not because it containa anything new, but because it enunciates the argument which nine out of ten Prohibitionists make when they avo confronted with the irresistible logic of statistical facts showing thot Pro. hibition does not prohibit—namely: * Drink- ing is & crime; if you license drinking, why not then license all crimes?” Mr. Hurrison acknowledges the fnct that Prohibition does not prohibit, but he has put his question in such shape that it can be answered. The fallaey of Mr. Harrison's proposition ies in tho fact that he puts the consumption of wine, beer, cider, and nl} drinks which in- toxicato if taken intemperately, in the cata- logue of crimes and felonies, classifying in- dulgenca in stimulants with such offenses ag lewdness, prostitution, gambling, burglary. robbery, arson, and murder,—~crimes which aro forbidden and have been punished by all civilized mankind in all ages of the world, and which the criminals themsclves feel, know, and admit to bo crimes, This ns- sumption, however, that the use of any bov- erage which taken to cxcoss produces intoxi- cntion is n sin and criminal offense, lilke tho crimes ho hins enumerated, is simply fauati- cism and begs the whole question, as it has been stated over aond over again in the columns of this peper. Such absurd essumption hns no other effcct than to bring the very eauso ho is seeking to help into contempt by its folly. The conscience of mankind rovolts against and denies nny such assumption. Alcohol taken in sufiiciont quantities produces intoxication. There is no doubt of that; but, when so consumed as not to produce intoxication, by what authori- ty doos Mr. Hurison class such temperate use with offenses which are recognized by the universal conscience and universal law as fol- onies? Beoanse some men drink to excess, and do themselves and others harm, he would ‘prohibit all men from using any lind of bev- orage containing spirits! He might as well attempt to prohibit mon from eating because some men are gluttons and epicureans, and bring upon themselves all Linds of diseases, or from tnlking, because some men use languago for purposes of profanity or ob- acenity, Ono step furthor, Who shall be the judge whother the temperate use of spirits or the prudent use of mild stimulants is o crimo, to bo prohibited by law, and punished by the criminol conrts as an offenso against socioty ? Aro tho opinions and wishes of the sixty millions of the German race in Europe and Ameriea who drink boer as n family dvink, just as Ar, Harrison drinks his ten rud coffs, and have been doing so for centuries, to be wholly ignored and disregarded? Aro the opinions of tho forty millions of French, the twenty-oight millions of Italinns, tho twenty millions of Spanimds and Portuguese, in Turope, who use wine for a family dvink, and tho twenty-five mill. jons of tho sumo races to ba wholly disregarded ¥ Ave tha opinious of twenty-five millions of Englishmen, who drink boor nud wine, of no account ? Shall the sentiments of at least thirty millions of Amerieans, who use stimulants of one kind or another in moderation, hnve no weight in this motter ? All these masses and races of men disbelievo that the use of stimulants in moderntion is ginful or their offects poison- ous ; thoy deny that it is either a wrong ora orinie to consume them temperately, ‘or that it in intempernnco to drink thamn without in- toxication. But o hendful of poreons, who ave wiser and puror then all the rest of manlkind, stigmatizo ns ** polson " every form of stim. wlating bevorago, and every man as a orlmi. nel and o sinner who wses thom tomperatoly and moderatoly, It My, Herison or any othor of tho Pro. Iibitionists fanoy themselvos commieaioned to reform habita of life, why do they not ex- tond thefy spheso of operatlona? Why lmit in Awmerica, | thelr missionary labor to stimulating bover- oges? Tobacco, when used o excoss, pro- duces o traln of disonsies ns dire na those brought on by whisky. It shottors tho norves quicker than whisky., So with opinm, hasheesh, and nll kinds of stimulating or stupefying drugs, 'Why not, thon, stigma- tizo tho use of tobacco ns o crimo, and clussify thoso who use it tomperatoly ns folons? Why not mnko n crusade against tho tyranny of fashion? Fashion rales with absolute sway, and its viotims aro as numer- ous a4 tho lenves in tho forest. It encour~ nges vanity, decoit, pride, nnd lying, and somotimes leads to crime, It suporinduces usoless, sllly, and extravagant expenditure. It drives women to prostitution and it beg- gnrs mon. It ruins tho peace of families. It fills tho minds of youth with tho mosb silly, vicious, and pernicious principles. It leads to waste, poverty, and ruin, It hns sent thousauds to nutimely graves. If the health-oficors in their reports should nas- sign the renl cnuses of death, such ns thin shoes, low.necked drosses, cor- gots, tight lacing, cosmetics, oto,, tho list would be an nppalling one. Why not therefore include fashion in tho catalogue of crimos? Tn gonclusion: If all men who uso stimu- Inting bevernges in moderation are felons, if tho uso of wines, beer, and othor liquors is & sin and orime, will Mr, Harrison mako nn ex- coption in tho cnse of Jesus Christ, Noab, Abrabam, David, Bolomon, Paul, Timothy, Socrates, Plato, Luther, Melancthon, Calvin, Milton, Washington, and others, holy and pure men, who used spirituous liquors, or will ho olassify all these as folons who com- mitted sin and crime und should have boen prohibited by a Maine law or punished by & Massachusetts Constabulary? The intemper- ate advocates of Prohibition by brute force run their cause into the ground. YESTERDAY IN FRANCE, The French Assembly ot yestorday, but its formal opening was reserved for to-dny. Its political features have becn slightly changed. Both the Ropublicans and Bonapartists have gnined in strongth. The latter have a larger proportion of members now than at any timo since Scdan. On the other hand, the qunrrel between Princo Pierro Bonaparte on tho one hand, and tho Empress Eugenie and the Prince Imperinl on the other, smothered for go many years, bas broken out openly. Anothor scion of the prolific Bonaparte race hins dofeated Prince Pierroin Corsice, thanks to the open indorsement of his claims by the oxiles of Chisclhurst. The defeated candi- dnto has issued a characteristic proclama- tion which makes reconcilintion almost impossible, His assertion that he represents the magical “Napoleonic idea” amounts to snying that the wife and son of Napoleon IIT. do not. It is doubtful - whether increased strongth in the Assembly can compensate tho Bonaparte faotion for this division in their ranks, The Monarchists, who have lost what the Imperialists have won, still hold the balance of power in tho Assembly. They cnn, therefore, roject almost any law, al- though they may not be able to pass any. Tho veto, however, {8 no mean farce.' To- day, then, the old theatre at Versailles will fill up with screamers and spectators, the former on the floor, the Intter in the boxes. The Deputies will take their seats on tho Right, the Right Contre, the Left Centre, and the ZLeft, ostentatiously shunning each other, and acting in an absurdly childish, potty way, under the impression that their two shibboleths * Zonneur” and *gloire” demand it, They will glance across the nar- row aisles with a look somewhat chilling for the man two feet off, and absolutely freezing for the man twenty feet distant. When these stock preliminaries have been gone through with, the message of Marshal- Presidont Machlalion will probably be read. For the last fow weeks, overy Paris news- papor hns kept ono or two prophets busily predicting what MacMahon will say. On some things they all substantinlly agree. It is cortain that tho message will treat the Septennote as a fixed fact, something not to bo meddled with in any way by the Assembly or anything elso. In this, MncMahon shows himself wise. The one thing which France needs is certainty. This policy may give her that for nonrly six yenrs to come,—unless, indecd, tho Marsbal dies before ho has served out his full soven yems. It isalmost certnin, again, that tho message will recommend the formation of a Second Chember, which shall have a ma- jority of its membors appointed by the Ex- coutive, and the definition of tho powers and duties of tho President. The fate of tho first half of this suggestion is doubtful, The As- sembly is now supreme, save for the single faot that MacMalon, backed by the whole army, donies its right to put him. out of power beforo 1880, If the Socond Chamber is formed on the plan bitherto advocated by the President, it will have the power, in conjunction with the Executive, to dissolve tho Assombly at any time, The latter, therefore, in passing the roquired law, would put itself in a position to sympnthize keenly with Damocles, It will probably shun this semi-suicide. An- ather point thet will be mentioned in the message is the question of frecing tho forty Departments which aro still ruled by martial law, If the Assombly should do this, the seat of Government would probably bo re- moved to Pavis, It is needless to point out to any one who has read French histoxy tho possible consequences of the removal. To- day in France is big with fato THE BUPREME QOURT, Tt is agreed on all hands that tho Supreme Court is overburdened with work, How can thelr Inbors bo lightened? 'This onn bo accomplished in two ways: First, By redue- ing the number of caxes taken to that Court ; oand, Second, By maling the records of causes taken thero less voluminous, But it will bo asked, How can the number of cruses taken to tho Supremo Court be reduced? It seoms to us that there is no particular diffoulty in {hewsy. This enn bo done by making appenls much more expensive than thoy now ave. A great number of cnses aro appealed for the mero purposes of delay. No costs oo taxed in that Court boyond the actunl fees of the officors of the Court, and the fact that a judg- mont can be so casily and ohenply talen thers is an outstanding invitation to ovory judg- mont debtor who would like at nlow rate of interost to oxtond tho timo of payment for the period of from ono to two yews to do this by toking an oppeal to the Supreme Court, Supposo that & judgment for §5,000 has been rondersd upon a promissory note. The rocord In such a cago would not cost over $10, The printing would not cost to exceod $10 more; the Olerk's fees for filing record and abatract 310 ; and tho services of an ate torney in such a caso would not be required. The appeal would work o dolny of olghtecn months | the judgment would deaw interoat at DECEMBER 1, 1474. the rata of @ per cont, and, by this manouver, tho debtor would sava in interost 4 per cont por yenr. This anving in intorest would amount on the judgment of H,000 to at lonst 250 ovor and nbove all axponsos of an ap- ponl, It {5 not at all aurprising that under such clroumstancos tho judgment dabtor will force an oxtonsion by apponling the judgment. Moreover, nppeals aro so chenp thit nlargo number of them aro taken as mero exporl- ments, Wheore the experiment costs so little, and may succeed, mnny ltigants will foel disposed to make it who would not dream of doing fo did n failure vntail upon them any substantial exponse, And thus it is that in the courso of tho yenr scores and hundreds of caupes find their way to the Supremo Court which would never reach theres woro any sorious penalties offixed to failure. Tho Legislaturo should, for all appeals to the Su- prome Court, provide n liboral bill of costs to be paid by the losing party., This bill should include not only the nctual court expenses, but attornoys’ fees as well, to bo tsxed up by the successful party against the losor. Thero is no justico in compelling the successful party to pay all tho exponges of putting himsolf right: A cortain sum should bo fixed as costs for tho preparation of the printed argument ; on od- ditional sum for an oral argument, when ono is made; o fixed sum for all motions made in the cause during its pendency in the Su- preme Court, The Court ilsclf should be clothed with the power to allow edditional costs ns counsel feos whenever in their judg- ment the magnitudo of the ¢case and the labor involved would justify it. To reach the case of vesatious appeals and such as aro taken for purposes of delay meroly, the Supreme Court should also be authorized to inflict as a ponalty upon tho party taking such appenl 10 per cont upon the judgment ap- pealed from, in nddition to the interest on the judgmont. The Supreme Court of the United States has this power, exercises it free- 1y, and with the most satisfactory results. The effact of such a systom as horo pointed out would be felt at once. The Supremo Court would immedintely be relieved from the con- sideration of n vnst nunber of cnses utterly without morit, the size of the docket would at onco shrink to something like its proper proportions, and couses appenlod would, in the majority of instances at least, be 50 ap- pealed with & genuine purpose of submitting to that Court somothing like a genuine sub- stantinl question for their consideration. This Stato stands almost alone, so far as fee bills aro concerned. As a mattor of common fair- ness and justico, our present system, of com- pelling the injured party to pay nll his own expenses for asserting his rights, ought to be changed. It caunot be urged that this sys- tem would practically deprive the ‘¢ poor man” of his right to an appenl As the law mnow stauds, the poor man oannot verfect an appeal from a judgment ngainst him without giving satisfactory seourity for the payment of the judgment appenled from and costs in the ovent his appeal is mot orosecuted with effect. His bond sould undoubtedly be given o8 oassily under one system as tha other. Morcover, it is not, and shonld not be, the polioy of the law to encourage litigation; and that the present system does encournge appeals to the Supreme Court is indisputable. Place the party nnxious to appenl in such a position that he is compelled to face the payment of & liberal sum of money in addi- tion to the judgment appealed from in the event of failure, and he will hesitate long before teking that course. Vexatious, harnssing, and experimental sppeals would, under such a state of things, bo to a great extent prevented, while legiti- mato and proper ones would be in no degree discouraged, Moreover, the Inwyer whom, in the lan- guage of Judge MeAllister, ‘‘God Almighty never intended for a lawyer,” would find his occupntion in the Supreme Court gone; and the Judge whom the Almighty never intend- ed for & Judge would find his popularity waning under the burdens which his judg- monts had laid upon those so unfortunate as to succeed in his Court. A BCHEME A Democratio paper in Syracuse, N. Y., has recently reproduced the old Pendlotonian schemo of paying tho national debt in twenty- cight years, prineipal and interest. It is to soizo oud confiseate the bonds deposited by the soveral Nntionnl Banks to secure their circulation, and issue to the banks in lieu of their own notes $850,000,000 of greenbacks. Theso bonds thus forcibly taken from tho banks are to be held as a *sinking fund,” the intercst on which is to bo invested in other bonds annually, and thus year after year from tho intorest on this sinking fund other bonds are to be retired until the whol prinoipal is paid off. . The absurdity of this or any other short- cut plan to pay the debt has been shown over and over again, but it may not be untimely to comment on it auow. It starts out with the theory that the United States pay $21,- 000,000 intorost to the bauks on the $850,- 000,000 of bonds deposited with the Treasury. This is computing tho interest at 6 per cent, when in fact about two-thirds of those bonds bear only 5 per cent interest, The oxsct figures are $239,000,000 of b per cents and 146,000,000 of 6 per cents, making $885,000,- 000 of bonds doposiled by tho banks, But if the Democratio editor means that only as 'many bonds shall bo confiscated s will equal he bauk civenlation, then $850, 000,000 would be the sum, and the interest on which (two- {hirds drawing & per cent and one-third 6 por cont) would o §2,250,000 loss than he states, or only $18,750,000, The Treesury now roceives from the Na- tionpl Banks n tax of 7,260,000 annually, and the banks pay to the States, citics, and other municipalities, about $7,000,000 more of local taxes. But deducting only the na. tional tax, we find that the banks receive on $950,000,000 $18,760,000 interost, and pay ‘Dack in taxes $7,260,000, leaving an excess of interest over taxos of $11,500,000, The an- nual interest, therofors, with which the pro- posed sinking fund will bogin will be $11,500,000 instead of $21,000,000, and the difference will prolong the payment of the debt much beyond twenty-eight years,—in fact to fifty yenvs. But this Democratio confiseator proposes to tako the bonds at par for greenbacks, wherens the 5 per cent bonds are worth in tho opon market 10 per cent promium over greonbocks, and the 6 per cont bonds are worth 18 to 20 per cont premium, This promium, it s proposed, the Government shall ateal, a8 o first step in this Demooratic sinking-fund sohemo, The scheme, of course, ineludes tho Incrense of groonbnoks from £862,000,000 to §782,000,000, It malies no provision, whatever, for supporting the value of this vast volumo of {rredsomable currenoy, ‘Tho redemption of this papor fs atlll to ba lett o tho gold-brokers of New Yosk to fix its value and purchasing power every dsy. I: s not contomplated to redcem it in any mannor, or to reduce its doprecintion, or so- oure any stability whatover to it. ‘What the offect of doubling the amount of the national frredeomablo papor will have upon ity valuo cannot bo forotold or esti- mated. Undor an often-repented pledge to return to spocie paymonts at the enrlicst pos- sibloe date, the national eurrency lins gradu- ally advanced to a value of 88 to 90 conts on the dollar. It s hard work keoping it ob that figure, To doublo the amount in oirou- Intion, and thus fix the poliey of permanent irredeemability, would have tho inunedinte offoct of dopreciating it most undoubtedly. Assuming that the fall would bo only to 80 conts on the dollar, wo have the following instantancous shrinkngo : 10 conts on $730,000,000 @reenb 10 cunts on $:60,000,000 depos! 10 centa o d bonk, 10 cent ‘mortgagos, notes, aud fnvostmeuts Total ahrink: and crodite seserren 18,000,000 This {s on the assumption that tho valuo of theso notos in coin would not fall below 80 cents ; every cont inits docline below that figure would equal an additionnl loss of §85,~ 800,000 in tho nggrogate, Such an act nsis proposed, estimating the decline nt only 10 cents on the dollar, would aunihilate 8348, 000,000 of the proporty of the people, and thot sum alone wonld equal the whole in- crensed issue of the greonbacks. Wo have no idea, however, that when the Govornment should declare its policy to postpone specie paymonts indefinitely, oruntil the public debt was paid, that the greenbacks would continue to bo worth 80 cents, Thoy would fall far below that sum, and the reign of fictitions values and of wild speculations would bo re- sumed onco more, It is one of the curses of a depreciated currency that even its nom- inal value in gold does mnot mensure its value in the hands of the public. Nomi- nally a greenback is worth 90 conts on the dollar, but its purchasing value in ordinary transnctions is murch less, There is a large margin against the greenback to cover an- ticipated fluctuations, and it can only pur- cliaso commodities at its minimum, To be- gin, then, this scheme of paying the dobt out of ita own interest, we must destroy from $850,000,000 to $500,000,000 of value of the oxisting property in the hands of the people, and that, we submit, is n heavy asot of confiseation. That sum left with the people, to be used by them inre, production and in their ordinary business, ean bo rapidly inereased, and its sccumula- tions added to tha general wealth, It would be n high-handed crime against houesty, thrift, and industry to wantonly destroy this vast amount of property, tho result of the labor and savings of mnny years of toil aud gelf-doninl, We nced not further discuss this patent Democratio plan of paying the debt. Like all other such schemes, it is founded on confiseation or repudiation inone form or an- other, aud is wholly out of question in a country where the rights of property are as saored as thoso of personal liberty. +$ 713,000,000 5,000,000 70,000,000 160,000,000 f values of MR, BEECHER’S POLICY, We think that Mr. Baccher's friends must Lo chagrined at tho recent cvidences of ad intention on his part to postpone the trial of the issue botween himself and Mr. Tilton as long s possible, There have been two nota- Dble instances of this purpose within a weelt, —the first in the civil suit pending against Mr. Boecher for adultery with Mrs, Tilton, and the second in the criminal suit against Mr. Tilton on his indictment for libel. Mr. Beecher's civil snit is confided to Shearman, a lawyer well vorsed in the secrets of the law’s delay, and thoroughly adept in all the practices of the Bar that are known as “gharp,” He was for some yenrs the attorney of the notorious Jim Figk and his more wily partoer, Jny Gould. He had oconsion to ac- quire in their service all the arts and devices known to the law-practico, and his past caraer proves him to be capablo of using them in the most profusemanner. Mr, Tilton brought suit for damages against Mr, Boocher for the seduc- tionof his wife. Mr. Shearman's first response in behalf of Beocher was that Tilton should file & “bill of particulars” ! The proposition was both cruel and ridiculous,—cruel to ask & man wounded to the vory heart to anato- mize his own case, and ridiculousin assuming such an injury as Tilton charges upon Beech- or con bo counted up at so many dollars for every heart-nche, 50 many more for every pang of thie disgrace put upon him, so many also for the bresking-up of his home, ete., ete. The Court was not slow to recognize the sbsurdity of the demand,and properly denied the motion, Theroupon Mr. Beechor's counsel took an appeal! If any evidence were needed that this motion was made in the first placa to gain time, the appeal hns furnished it. A few days aftor, Judge Morris, Mr. Tilton’s counsel, sorved s notice on the Distriot-Attorney that he would make a motion to have the Court fix a dny for the trial of Mr, Tilton on the chargo of libel, Alr. Winslow, tho Distriot- Attorney, was o member of Mr. Beecher's self-nppointed ** whitowashing” committee, It wos ho who proovred Mr, Tilton's indict- ment, and he now appeared in court to re- sist the motion for having a dny fixed for the triol. Mr. Tliton's counsel distinetly stated that, a8 the progress of tho civil suit had been impeded by the ‘‘appeal,” he wanted the coriminal suit fixed for trinl at as early a date as possible in order to bring the issue be- fore a judicinl tribunal, To this, District-At- torney Winslow made answer that he had always belioved Mr, Beechor to be innocent, and that ho would nof consent to have the date fixed st prosont,—thus presonting the unusunt spectncle of a law officor of the peo- plo openly espousing onewf the parties to o controversy involving oriminality on either side, and rosisting the application of a mnn under indiotment for nu early trinl, Mr, Boecher aud Mr, ‘lilton ocoupy the oxtromo opposites in their lino of proseou- tion and defense, AMr, Tilton desires that either or both suits bo brought to trial im- mediately. Mr, Boecher desirea that cither or both bo posiponed as long as possible. It js immaterial to Mr. Tilton whether the issue comes up in the civil suit againat Mr. Beecher or in the criminnl suit against him- self. Dr, Becoher appears not to waut the issue to como up in any form. As between theso two lines of policy, Mr., Tilton's must command, and Mr, Beecher's forfoit, the confidence of the publio. The jsauo botweon them is clenrly dofined, It has avvested tho nttention of the wholo world, All mpnkind was nppalled at tho vevelations of Mr, Til- ton, and atartled at Mr, Boecher's defenso, Some mon ranged themsolvos upon one side, and others upon the other side, with flerce partisanehip ; but tho great mass of people docided to await tho vosult of o trlal beforo a cowt of lnw, This was, from the bogin. ning, tho only falr and certain way of mniv- ing at the truth, Mr, Boochor necessarily puts himeel! under ndditional susplolon when he takes advantage of every quibblo to dofer this trinl, Buoh & couiwe in ouly worthy of the lowost order of criminal practice, AN ENQGLISH VIEW OF *‘ THE REACTION.” Tho London Keonomist, which may be con- sidored o disinterested spectntor, in disouss- ing the recont politient renction in the Unit- od Btatos, looks for little improvément in tho condition of the Sonth to grow out of the ohiango of doctors, It thinks that the Ropub- lienus havo failed beeauso they were too dom- ocratio, and says : “Tho conditions of oivil liberty do not renlly oxist ns yot in tho South, and hardly ean exist for n genoration to come. It needed to be governed for a long torm of yenrs with tho sort of sciontific impartinlity with which our Govornmont of Indin rules over the conflict- ing races to bo found within its dominions ; and then, at the ond of such a torm of years, there might be room for n cautious and gradunl development of the democratio policy of tho Northorn States in the Southern.” ‘This position of the Economist is ovidontly ‘based upon the assumption that the negro Taco is not yot eapnble of self-government ox fitted for the rightsnnd privileges of freedom. This viow of the onso, however, is only partly correct, It may bo that the negroes arc not yet qualificd to exerciso tho prerogatives of {freemen ; and however trus it moy boin the abstract that they aro entitled to all the civil rights, it Is questionnblo whether, as o mattor of polioy or of practic, civil righta in such datails as impingo upon gocinl rolations can bo cutablished nt presont. It cannot bo com- pluined, however, that the Government has been too liberal or lenient in its dealings with tho blacks, The fault which the Hconomist finds appertains to the rolationn of tho Government with the whites, There hns been, and is now, a Rebel clement in the South which has found shelter in the ranks of its sympathizars, the Bourbon Domocracy. There hag boen, and is now, a carpet-bag element in the South charncter- ized by corruption and greed. These two clements have not been governed soverely onough, Tho Government hos been too Ionient and conservative with both, In the recent elections, the Republican party freed itself from the obstacles which stood in ita way. It clenred itself of corruptionists and fanntics, and swept them out by using the Democratic party for its broom. Two years from now it will bo free not only to remedy the condition of the Southern States, but to govern the whole country justly and well. THE HISTORY OF THE VATICAN BTRUG- GQLE, Archbishop Manning has taken another step forward in the Ultramontane contro. versy. 1o lins produced the whip of coercion and flourishes it from his pulpit. The Catho- lics of his diocese must now acknowledge the dogma of Infallibility upon penalty of excom- munication. We read the following cabls dispatch with some surprise mixed with ns- tonishment at the temerity of the command: LoNDON, Nov, 80--5:30 8, m.—A clraular lotter from Archbishop Manniug was resdin sll the Oatholfs churches of this dlocesa yestordsy, declarlug that all persons who do not sccept tho dogins of Papal Iatalle Dllity cease to bo Catholics, This, taken in conjunction with the re~ moval of the British ropresentative at the Vaticen to Lisbon, which is a sufficiont com- ment upon the temporal wenkness of *the immemorial throne,” shows that the struggle now raging in Prussia may yet break out in gsome form in England. As the issues in Prussin are, abstractly st lenst, the issues the world over, it is important that the render should have &n intelligent view of the origin of the controversy and tha real points atissue between the Ultramontanes and the German Government. Wo therofore present the historical points as briefly as possible, reserv- ing & discussion of the issues until another ooeasion, Trom the peace of Wostphalin, in 1649, after the terrible Thirty Years' War, until the last meeting of the Vaticon Council, the Ro- man Catholics in Prussia were as freo as any othor scot. They had great influence ot Court, drow lorger revenues from the Gov- ernment than the Protestants in proportion to their numbors, and their Bishops wero Princes with princely rovenues. In 1850, tho Constitution of Prnssia gave to all the (hurches completo independence in their own affairs and the unrestricted enjoyment of their rovenues, Under cover of this article, tho Jesuits commenced an aggressive props- gondism in the schools, convents, charities, and churches, and sought to uso the *Cez- tro” party in Parlinment as an sgency to offect their purposes. In other words, Prus. sin had given the Roman ‘hierarchy w oppor- tunity to establish itsolf as an organic power sithin the State, just as our own Government 3id in the onso of the slave oligarchy. The Ultramontanes took advantage of it, ond raisod the issuo which compelled Prussia to protoct its own sovereignty. The battle of Sadows, in 1806, was tho first decisive blow at tho politienl oneronch- ments of the Papacy, It drova Austrin from Gormany and Italy, and placed Prot. estant Prussia at tho Lead of tho }{nr?!x Gormnn Bund, The Prussicn Catholics in the German-Italian War fought against the Ultramontane powers, and wera o8 loyal a8 the Protestants to their Govornment ; but the Ultramontanes grow alarmed as thoy saw that there was a prospect of o great Garmen Empire undor a Protestant hoad, and the Jes- uits sot to work sowingthe seods of (.l.(ssen- tion moro busily than ever by nttqmptmg. to arouso an enmity in South Germany against North Germany, and by creating divisions in tho Dund itsclf, In 1869 tho Vatican Coun- cil was hold aud ratified tho dogma of Infalli- bility and the Syllabus, which made the Pope absoluto over the Bishops and priests, and at once brought him in collision with po- litical socicty ns the infalliblo exeoutor of tho authority conforred upon him by the Syllabus. Prussi, bowever, did not interfere with the | Qouncll, did not restrain her Bishops from attending, and took no steps to defend heve golf from the intrigues of the Ultramontanes. In 187071, Franco was conquered, and Louis Napoleon, the proteator of Papal tempovzl power, was on oxile, Romo bocowo the Capital of united Italy, and Germany bucn‘mu a freo Parliamentery Empiro undor the King of Prussin, In February, 1871, o deputa- tion from tho Pope waited upon the .Em. peror and besought him to disposscss Victor Emanuel of his Capital. Ho refused to mako war upon Italy, ond then tho Tltrn montane war commenced upon him. 'Tho Josnits immedintely entered into & conspiracy ogainst the Stats, ood the clergy de- nounced the Emplro to hostile {o the Churoh, and sought to incite sedition and violence, Tho first noto of warning cama from Oatholic Bavaria, and vesultod in the pasange of throe goneral laws, Thesa werd the act of Deo, 10, 1871, which mado ite penal offenso for clergymen to {nalta rlota by harangues agalnst the Government; the ol of July 4, 1879, baniching the Jesults #ron the Tmpire, for whioh Prassla hind the preo