Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 30, 1874, Page 4

1874, BATES OF KUBACRITTION (PAYANLE IN Ah!l’fl!)‘ Dsiiz, by mall, Toi-Weekiys DPartwof & Cffice addrans in full, Inoluding 5tate and Gaunty, Remittancesmay bomads sithor by draft, expe Olico ordar, or In regintered lotters, at aur risk, TERMA 70 CITY RUDSCRINERS, Dafly, deltvercd, Sunday excented, 25 conts por wesk. Dally, dellvered, Bunday Included, 84 eonis por wook. Address THE TRIBUNE UOMPARY, Corner Madtson and Dearboruesiu,, Chicago, Iil, TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS, GRAND OPRRA-ITOUSE-Clatk atrest, ,-.nm:l!la Soorman Houss, Kelly & Leon's Minstrels, Dutch 8, botwaen OLEV'S THEATRE_itandolph ate O b D araran el ACADEMY OF MUSIC—alsted stront,hetween Mad- : £ T onlo. e+ On e Pinc Uy Enetpgnont ot L T Torles U Dadgor. ™ MVICKKR'S THEATR Peathiorn and Stata, fngage BPavid Copparaoid.” MGUORMICK'S YIALL—North Clark strest, aornor of wiadla R Oy Uil bien: "SOCIETY MEETINGS. ol on [adiean_siraet, holween e aoba Bros ey NV IDREW'S SOCIETY.~A manting dnyi svening at 7 "“"'.i‘v'n‘.f-r':.'fimflim"' Houso for ine stullation of ofilers . ot n;‘DHN SIS ART, Sceratars. The Chirags Tribune, Monday Moramg, Novembsr 30, 1874, It wasn't much of an earthquakae they had in Essex Cotmty, Massachuseits, last week, Renlly nothing in comparison with the one which shook uwy that neigborhood the fivst Tuesday in Nowmber. If the peopb of Caunda want a pnnic of thoir own, the will assist towards it by pass- ing the bill, & bo brought up at the next sea. gion of the Dominjon Parlinment, for tho constructia of a railway from the Red River to the Pacfle Coast. This scheme s tho rock nliead of Janada. The Government is pledg- ed to aidits prosecution, yet the supreme foolishues of prassing it at this time is gon- orally reognized. Acceding to Sunday 3er- cury, 1ot very good nuthority, an application will B mnde to Congress this winter for the incoporation of o Laud and Emigration Company, with extraordinary powers and privieges. I is almost o matter of indiffer- encewhether such an application is made or not, No politienl party ever existed in this cowtry which would dare commit itself to the barefaced swindlo which the Mercury degribes. ———— An abstract of the Rev. A. E. Kittredge's aswer to the leciure of Carl Schurz on “Edwation” is published {his morning. If be is correctly reported, Mr. Kittredge be- lievesthat * education ennnot regenerato so- siety,for tho moral disenso is in the heart, aud em bo eradicated only by the implanting of nor and holy desires.” 'Lhis proposition wouldbe more satisfactory if it were clonr whatdlr. Kittredge menns by *education” and * regeneration,” e would not, prob- ably earo to aflirm that the heart cannot bo inyroved sufiiciently to purify socioty Ly sdication of a liberal and comprohensive kid Old Catholics will take heart on reading tle lecture of Father Morini, s Catholic jriest, delivered in this city yesterday— F, indeed, any.considernblo number of Old fatholies over hear of Father Morini, or sce iis lecturs, Tho subject was Savonarola. The lecturernwarded Lim a placeon “the glo- rious roll of Catholic snints and martyrs,” and consigned his persecutor, Popo Alexander VL, to infamy with much glibness of tongue ond vigor of expression. Now there can be no dispute about Savoneroln's beiug the first Old Catholic of hisnge. Itshould be somo satisfaction for the persons chiefly concerned 1o know that-they will be martyrs sbout the year 2400, Observers of the confliet between the Catholio Church and vavious eivil powers will tnke special interest in the news from Brazil this morning. The sympathizers with the oontumacious Bishops of Para and Pernam- buco do not contemplate an insurrection, but a correction by summary process of tho trrors of the Masons, In Brazil, indeed, there is no peaco between tho Masons and the Church; and, s the anathema of the Popa has availed so much there, and compar- atively nothing in other countries, it may be that for a Brazilian it is no sin to murder an enemy of the Clhurch, Tha Emperor, how- ever, mainteins his right to judge of the civil obligations of his subjects, The lovelettors published in yesterdny's TRIBUNE fre more amusing oven than thoso which came out during the Bprague-Craig breach-of-promise trinl. Tho judgment, of condid persons on them will bo that M, Freeman Allen showed his good sense for g moment when ho feared he would be run over if he came to the city, He was run over without coming to tho city. Inasmuch s Mr. Allen paid 40 for tho privilego of sipping the dewdrop from Miss Parson’s lip, and sinco he did not actunlly sip the dow- drop at all, he was cortainly chented. If ho had sippoa it lo noy extent, Miss Pavsons, rerhaps, would kave had the worst of the bargain, The proposal of r, W, W. Stuygos to pay bis ereditora in full will restoro Lim to the FAVOX of many members of tho Bomrd of Trade. Hig offonse, ps viewed from tho lofty moral standpoint of the sealpors, consisted in keeping thom out of {heir dues by shwp practico, and not at all in getting up a cornor and squeezing the shorls, If the new ar- rangement is fithfully carriod out, the pro- ceedings agninst My, Sturges will probably Yo dropped, and he will Do in a position to uako good his losses befors the winter is wer. He has monoged this rather unpleas. wt affair delicately, and, it now seems, suc. segstully, But ho strained a point on Satur- ley afternoon when he dwelt upon the hon- rabloness of his sottlemont, which was ovi- lently mado with tho grentest reluctance ng iho only wmeans of oscaping from ‘a Pperilous tituation, Tho Chioago produca narkets were rather voro active on Saturday in cash lots, with a lownward tendency in severnl departments, Aless pork was active, nnd closed at 80@850 sor brl lower, at $20.26@20.30 cash, and 21,10 seller Fobruary, Lard was in fair de. nand, and 7 1-2@100 por 100 1bs lower, clos. ugat $18,05 cash, aud 314,00 seller Feb- mary, Ments were active nnd 1-8o por 100 b bigher, oloaing at 70 for shoulders, 10c for short ribs, and 10 1-8@10 1-4o for short clear, Highwines wore less uctive and stondy, ot @7 1.20 por gallon, Flour was in botlor du. mand nnd firm, Whont wne moderately act. ive and enslor, closiug at H2¢ seller tho month, and 940 nsked for Jonnary. Corn was native and weal, closing at 790 eash, 73 1-4o ollor the year, and 676 for new No. 2, Onts wero *athor moro nctive and firm, closing nt 73 1-80 eash or soller the year, Ryo was quiet and stronger at 4@ 1-20, Barloy was dull aud weak, closing nb $1.21 eash, aud $1,21 1.2 for Decomber, Hogs were notive, and good to choivo ndvanced 10@16c; salos ab 26.00@ 7.80. Cattlo wers dwl and cnsy. Shieap were in limited demand, and wera unchanged in prico, Eri s e "Tho Suprems Court of tho United States bns recontly dosided that tho Indians who maintnin the tribal rolation, aud who oceupy resorvations assignod to them by tho Unitod States, are renlly only tenauts of the property, the foo romaining in the United States a3 the ownor of the property. We have no doubt that tho Court hus nt last reached the correot nd practical solution of the long vexed ques- tion of tho relations of theso tribus to the nation. Thoir indopendent sovoreignty has been ono of thoss indistinct theorios that has proved costly and mischiovoua; it isgomething like tho Domocratio thoory of Stato sovereign. ty. 'The most direct offoct of this docision will be tho enoulment of a scoro or more of xas- cally and fraudulent contracts with tho Ta. dinng for entting timbor on their reservations, ‘Thia wholo business of donling with the In. dinus has always beon marked with more o less frand, and especinlly these timber con- tracts, Horenflor, if tho privilege of cutting away thoss forests is granted to nuy one, il must bo done by the Unitod States direct, and uot through the irresponsible Indian Agoncies, No ono will rogret tho calamity that bns ovortalcen these specnlators, The New York Ilirald recontly mado a compnrison of the municipal debt of its city with that of Pais, whiel, if analyzed, will scarcely bring comfort to the hearts of the Now York tax-pnyers. The debt of New York is, in round numbers, $140,000,000, or about $150 per capitn. 'The debt of Paris, including a recent lonn asked for, is $412,. 000,000, or about $206 por capita. But there aro special circumstances to ncconut for the grenter burden of the Paris dobt, A very Inrgo proportion of its indebtedness wus the result of o disastrous war, in which the eapi- tal of France not only had to contribute its proportion of the oxpenses, but also bore great losses of its own at the hands of the Communists,. The debt of Pars in 1870, beforo tho war and after Iauss. mann had completed his gigantio system of improvements, was only 142 por capita. For this, howover, the people of Paris had the most beautiful cily in tho world,—tho most maguificent publie buildings, the best of streots, and bridges, and parks, and o most perfect system of sewerage. But what hias Now York forits debt of $150 per capita? Central Prrk, and nolhing but Central Park, ‘The streets aro still in o lamentable condi. tion, nnd the other public improvements are in so backward a condition that asmuch more monoy will have to bo expended, at the rata poid in the past, beforo the peopla of New York will get ns much for their money as the peoplo of Paris havenow, THE SUPREME COURT, The Supreme Court of this State is 50 over- londed with business that it is manifest some relief must bo furnished or the delays will bo B0 great as to amount to & substantial deninl of justice, At tho last term of that Court, held at Ot- tawa, there were over iz kundred cases upon tho docket. It is safo to say that ot lepst one- third of these cses ought never to have been taken there; and, even for the cases properly there, the records were more than twice aa vo- Iuminous as they should have heen, Butasmall {raction of the easos upon the docket weore ar- gued orally, whils it is perfectly well under. stood that in any caso of importanco en oral argument is of tho grontest assistance to the Court, The Reports of the decisions are two or threo yecrs behind, and it seems almost impossible to bring them up. The volumes aro unnecessarily numerous, and contain a vast number of decisions of no conceivablo use to the public or to the profession. Tho decision of causes is long deferred and post- poned,—so long in some instances that the case itself is noarly or quite forgotten by Court, counsel, and litigants. The applica- tions for rehearing are multiplying at an alarming rate, aud the considerntion of theso potitions involves the consumption of g great deal of the time of the Court. The tribunal is poripatetio in its claracter; it holds its sessions in threo different por- tions of the Stato; the records ars car- ried about from one portion of the State to nnother, for {he convenionce of Judges to whom the decisions of particn- Inrenses aro assigned. Whilo the Court js nominally composed of seven J udges, cnuses aro renlly decided by but one or two. Oral arguments ara 50 infrequent that the whole Bench rarcly bocome familinr with eny one case, and whon causes nre orally argued the decision ig g0 long deferred that it Lins faded out of the recollection of the Court, and in most instances might as well naver have been made. A grent number of cnuses are carried to that Court for tho dishonest purposa of delay merely, and, ns the practicenow stands, there is no way of proventing it. The judg- ment appenled from draws but 6 per cont in- tevest, aud nu appenl, which postpones the dny of payment from one to two yoars, is o money making operation, n most officient method of seeuring an extension, nd is in the nnturo of s forced loan at 6 per cont interest. 'Wo havo named but n portion of tho avila which the Bench, tho Bar, and the public are compelled to enduro, aud the question ab once avises, 'What is the renl source of theso difficultics; what remedies, if any, ean bo found? In his opon letter Judge MeAllister attributed very much of tho difiiculty to tho faot that thero were large numbers of men practicing law “whom the Almighty nover intonded for lawyers,” This is doubtless true. But thore is no way of getting rid of those falling within his doserip. tion who are now engagod in the practico, and no way of preventing the future accos. sion of such men to the ranks of the pro- fession, save very much greater rig- or in the cxaminetion of applicants, and o much closer serutiny ag to their 0apR- bilities, than is now cxorcised, Evon theso incompotent men will succeed in pessing the roquired oxnmination; and it is altogother probable that men quite unfitted to practice Inw will continue to bo Lo, despite all that tho Bupromo Court or the Goneral Assembly of tho State of Illinois might do or cause to bo dono to preventit, In view of the faot that, of the 162 cnsos reported and decided in the lnst volume of the Illinoig Reports, eighty-nino wore reversed ang sixty-threo aftivmed, Is it not possibla that thoro are THE CHICAGO DAjLY TRIBUNE: MONDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1874, Moroover, nmong these sixty-three cnsos nf- firmed, twenty-ono involve no now queR- tions whatover, and presont either nuch points ns have boen ropentedly ruled in other cndes, or invelve maro questions of faot. It in cortnlnly very dosirablo to olovate the standnrd of tho profession, but it will bo universally found to bo tho case that, so for as ability s concornad, the Bench and the Bar are nover very widely soparated, and, un- less n ghorter cut onn bo found than the weeding out of incompetent lawyers, any prospects of immedinto relief may ag well be ahandoned. Nor will tho centralization of tho Court at any ono place, at Springileld or elsewhere, furnish tho doesired reliof. Un- doubtedly such a contralization is most de- sirable, but it will not reduco the number of cauges, tho voluminousness of the records, tho nppeals brought for delay merely, the number of tho Reports, nor tho dulay in bringing them out., For these evils other romedies must bo found, It is bolisved that they can ba found, and we shall hove- aftor indicats n plan which will ronch tho emergeney, ) THE PENNSYLVANIA REIGN OF TERROR, Our issuo of yesterdny contnined n startling rocord of outlawry in the anthracite coal ro. gions of Pennsylvania, growing out of the atrocions and fiendish depredntions of a se- crot society, banded togother for purposes of violence, arson, and murder, and known ns the Molly Maguires, The organization re. somblos that of the * Molly Maguires” for. merly in Ircland, who worked in sceret to murdor landlords, bailifs, agents, attorneys, Tudges, jurors, and all other parties who were obnoxious to them, The Penusylvania Molly Magnires have thus far killed and burned ith impunity. They have sticeessfully de- siod the law, beenuso the authoritios have vir. tunlly made no attempt to suppress their out. rages, They have held their Church in sov- oreign contempt, nlthough tha Church is supposed {o have more influence over its commiuniennts than the eivil authorities, They have scouted at the ‘warnings of tho Archbishop of the State, and threatoned with violence tho local priests who have remonstrated with and rebuked them, They recognize no authority, and ravege, plunder, and burn, with oven mors freedom than the snvages of the Western frontier, or the Ku- Klux of the South. Tho result is that a con- dition of annrchy provails in tho coal regions of Pennsylvania, and peaceful, respectable, industrious people are nt the merey of these villains, who are less merciful than thoThugs of Indin. Conl operators and superintend- ents have been murdered; corpses of thoir victims nra dnily tnken from the rivers, One faction of thesa desperadocs have mur- dered twenty persons in a week, Min- ing towns have been fired by them to furnish apportunities for riot and plunder, Telograph-operators have besn drivon from their officos and threatened with death it they transmitted any account of their depreda- tious nnd erimes, Well-to.do citizens of that region have suddonly disnppeared. Farmers, miners, and school-tenchors have beon at. tacked nud killed upon the xonds and in their homes. No ona is spared. Old mon, feoble women, aud lito children are among their victims, When they cennot find victims among innocent poople, they murder ench other. Thoso men who belong to the Molly Maguires are Irish colliers who nre ont of work, As thore are now 80,000 col- liers unemployed, ond it is probable that this nwuber will bo lergely in- crenged by tho stoppage of the iron and conl business, it is moro than probable that the ranks of tho Mollie Maguires will be reinforced, partly with men suffering from destitution and partly with thoso desporadoes who are ready at any time for deeds of vio. lonco and blood. The organization will thus grow 50 powerful {hat it will compel all the unenployed to come into its ranks or uso them as tools to coarry out its bloody pur- posos. A stato of anarchy now exists in that vegion worse than anything ever known in the history of thig country. What will it be when winter faivly 'sets in, when business is entiroly stopped and thousands move of workingmen aro out of work and ‘Whges, who will naturally drift into this organiza- tion, and, rendered desperato by their clr- cumstances, will bo ready for any villainy tho Molly Maguiros may assign them to do? A fenrful responsibility rests upon the Gov- ornor of the State of Pennsylvanin, Tho apathy of the authorities hins alrendy resulted in the murders of scores of innocent, peace- ful people, ang the desporadoos are growing bolder and bolder ns they find that no ono interferes with them., Such n state of things is not only horrible to reflect upon, but it is o disgraco to the State which fails to protect its people. It is no longer a labor question, no longer a matter to bo sottled be. tween tho employers and tho employed. Itisa matter to bo sottled betweon the Stato and gang of desperadoos and outlaws setting the laws of the Stato at ‘defiance. It is a reboll- ion organized by n mob of cutthronts ageinst the peace and security of sociely, and it is the duty of the State authorities to crush this reballion, if they have to kill every man engaged in it, not only to guarantec immedi- ata protoction, but the future security of this extensive region, ARISTOCRACY V8, PLUTOCRAOY. Our fundninental law, the Constitution of the United States, contains this Pprovision : ‘‘No patont of nobility shall bo granted by the United States. . . . No Stato shall grant any patent of nobility.” Tho object of this provision was to prevent, not only an aristoeracy, but g plutocracy. A good share of tho framors of the Constitution were rich wmen, but nonc of them had the colossal for- tunea which dazzlo this Inttor-day ngo. They saw that England was controlled by the titled grandecs whose robber ancestors had portioned out the soil between them, and they wished to guard ageinst any such subju. gation of the many to tho few in Amerien. If titles wore forbidden, thoy thought that central figures around which fortunes might cluster would bo wanting, | But industrial improvoment Lies become so gigantio that the life of ono man is long enough in these days of speculation to permit the acoumulation of an amount of wealth which thrao genorations could not have amassed a century ago. Ono of tho details in tho story of the Sharon wed. ding is o coso in point; In 180¢ Mr, Sharon lost his entive fortuno, In the decade sinco thon ho has made many millions, A Novada railvond, for whioh he nover pald a cent, s now yielding bim $12,000 a dny, Ho owns thousands of feet of unmined gold. It js mined and milled and cofnod for him., Mig houso ia n palace, His wealth isuntold, Ho ig obout to slt in tho United Statos Bonato from 1876 to 1881,—thanks to hLis money, o {a o man of great ability, cortainly, in tho way of absorbing tho varnlngs of somo men veting 08 Judzos whom the Al wighty nover intouded for thoh position? othors, But ho 1might bo all this and muok more, and i ho had not money ho would never bo Bonator from Nevada, ‘Lhat gold Stato. with its handtul of populetion, will have ouly mon of gold ns its Sonntors, Stewars, and Jones, and Sharon aro n trio of platocrats, Would thoir influenco bo moro opposed {o ropublican institutions if Sharon wora Dulko of Comstoek (he is called King of tho Comstook Ledgo now), Earl of Truckee, Viseount Reno, or Baron Gold-hill 7—or if Jones wore Duke of Eldorado, Marquis of Winnomucea, Earl of White Pine, Lnron Washoo, or Lord Bullion ?-tor if Stownt wero Duke of Novadn, Marquis of Ophir, Lord Cnrson, Enl of Paliranogat, or Baron Stowart of Orovillo? Tho lnat phrase wonld distinguish Stownrt of Oreville from Stowart of CGarlios, in the British Peorage. Tho Amoriean title sounds quite ns well as the English one. And, in view of the overween. ing influonco of theso absorbants of wenlth, the title might bo but a fitting ornament, If casto is to be puroly a question of onsh, why not call our nabobs Dukes ns well as ‘“Sonators”? It has boen said that only a rich mon could git in the Seuato, Whilo there are many’ notable excoptions to this sweeping slatement, it is vapidly becoming the rule, . Unless publio attention 4 called to this point, the Senate will come to resembla the aristocratic Houso of Lords far too closely. When Jim Nye wns asked why he did not seok for re-clection ng Senator from Nevada, he snid ¢ “Why, the man who wants the sont has a gold-mine,” So Nyo went ont and tho man with a gold-mine eame in, He hps been o good Senator, but his mine, not his mind, first made him one, The American people have shown, sinco the formation of the Governmont, a keen horror of mny form of aristocracy. Public facling killed the * Order of the Cincinnati,” established soon after the War of Independ- ence. Even Washington's membership could not swve it The samo fool. ing wns displayed when Gon. Sherman suggested the expedienoy of keeping up the army organizations forever by adumit- ting tho cldest sons of membors, No, snid the public, let the Society perish with the men who formed it. Ita mission will bo ended then, Lot tho lnst dozon, the last fonr mombers, finally the Inst member, meet on the anniversary, drink to the wmem- orios of the dend,~and die. We will havo no hereditary succession, no priviloged cless, no men enjoying honors because their for-off ancestors deserved well of their country, It iswell that this fecling should flourish. The Republio thrives best on an oven soil. But it is not well that an aristocracy of weelth shonld be fastened upon the country, Tho less money has to do with eloctions and politics the botter, ‘Tho less re- speot the mere ownership of money commands, tho better, Itisfur better for the country that wealth should bo distributed rather than concentrated. There would bo fower gigantic undertakingy, but tho greatest happiness of the greatest number would be better assured, "The remedy for the power of a plutocracy is not very plain, It is probably to be sought, first, in the higher edueation of the masses, and thon in the interdiction of grants of pub- lie proporty to privata corporations, and in a rigid legislative control of the corporations, after their formation. Most of the colossal fortunes of to.dny have been based on sub- sidies grantod in aid of privato enterprises, and have been swollen by the skillfully-selfish control of mammoth corporations, founded, nominally to enrich tho stockholders, and really to allow Directors A and B to rival Midas and Creosus. Inordinate wenlth bay too much power. Have wo rojected tho au. thority of an aristocracy ouly to bow to the power of a plutocracy ? — THE DOG GR THE TAILP Thero ars o few gentlemen scattered about through the Northwest who ave still discuss- ing this perplexing cconomic problem : Dogs the dog wag the tail, or the tail wag tho dog ? Among these Mr, S, M. Smith, in this State, and o gentleman of the historie name of Jawes Buchanan, in Indiana, still cling to the belief that the tail wags the dog. Mr, Bu- chanan has called o Convention in Indianapo- lis to-day to indowse this view of tho enso H and Mr. Smith wants o Convontion to meat for the same purpose at Springfield Jan, 19 next, r. Smith in the Secrotary of the State Formers’ Associnlion, which was originally an organization for the discussion of questions of special import to tho agricultural commu- nity, But Mr. Smith, with gubernatorinl aspiretions deeply impressed upon his soul, chnnged the functions of this associntion into that of a political machine for bis dwn and his confederates’ political uses about o yonr ago at the Bloomington mecling, Sinco thon his vaulting ambition has lenped still higher and further, No pent-up Utica now contracts Lis powers. Ho evidently has the Presidency in his eye, for ho writos to a My, Sw inett, of Tows, that he desires his noxt Convention to * inaugurate mensures for tho perfecting of o ¢ National Independent party,’ as well as porfecting such a party in all tho States of the Northwgst.” Jr. Smith has no more regard for past experionco than he has for the rules of grammar, If he had, he would have known that ho bas entered upon n fool's mission, and that the Into clections effectunlly smashed, os political machines, the * Inde- pondents,” or the ** Grangers,” or the “Anti- Monopolists,” or whatever the proposed now party may eall itself, Inone word, the so- cnlled Farmers' party wos playing tail to the Democratio dog, aud the rosult demonstrated that the dog wagged tho tail, not that tho tail wagged the dog. It hos been the esporience of many right- thinking men who huve come together for some practical roform that the played-out bummers and dead-bents hanging on at the skivts of oxisting parties would attach them- solves to tho new movemont, and drag it into the mire, This oxperienco was ropeated in the enso of the honest farmers who went into the Grange movement, Nothing was further from tho purpose of most of thom than to serva as o lover to lift the Democratio party into power, But this is just what thoy did, under the pernicious guidance of men who bed lost their standing in the ozisting politi- cal partios. In Town, where the * Indepond- onts” made a straight-out fight under tho catch-title of ‘ Auti-Monopoly,"” they were defented by 40,000 majority, notwithstanding the support of the Demoecrats, In Illinois and Indiana, whore they encountered both the Republican and the Demoorntic parties, thoy merely succeeded in g0~ ouring ihae success of tho Intter. But in both cases they dug their own grave and chanted thelr own Feguiem, Tho rosult of tho recent eleotions hns convinced the Domo- crats that thoy ave in tho majority in this country under tholr own banner, Tho Ro. publicans still clin tho privilege of doubting it; but tho Democrats nvewo sanguine that thoy will run n “last-Qitch” eandidato for Prosident, will not Grecloylze, nor enter into compromises or combinations with the Qrangers or anybody olse, With this Pros artmume dsflnitoly fxed, they are nob going tosncrifioo their ndvantnges of organization by tomporialug with avy side-show which Mr. 5. 3L Smith may organize in this Btate, or Mr. James Buchanan may gol up in Indinna, Thero {5 no chnnco for the Smiths or the Buchanans, and it is simply n question how many voters thoy can induoa to make a tom- porary gnovifice of their right of suflrage by throwing their Lnllots nway on them, The two partics befora the poople from now until after the Prosidentinl clection aro the Ropublican and Democratio partios, As thoy are entirely adoqunte to absorb and rep- reaent on one side or tho other all the politi- cal issties of tho day, thero {8 no necossity, use, or excuso for n third party, and it is simply absurd ond Drepostorous to atlompt any such organization, Every divergonco from oue party must necensarily bo to tho ad- vantage of the other, sinca snecess lies be- twoen tho two, Rvery Republican Granger, therefore, who joins Mr, S th's insano move- ment in this Siate practically gaes over to tho Demacratic party, This was sufliciently apparont before the election; it was mnde absolutely certain by the eclection, If the Grangers or any other closs of men have real political grievauces, they must choose belweon tho Republicen party and Demo- crat party to right them, If they have any practical reform to worlk out, they must de- cide for themsolves which of tho two parties in tho moro likely to nccomplish it. As for Smith in this State, and certuin prototypes in other States, wa can well uuderstand why they should insist that tho tail wngs the dog, since they are a part of the tail and can never hope to be of the body. But wo cannot con- ceive that any lnrge number of people in the West will sustain the fallncy after the lato ex- perionce. r———— THE TREASURY RAIDERS, The Sanborns, Jaynes, and other parasitey of tho Trensury Deparlment, which were swept awny by the repealing acts of the Inst session of Congross, will be in Washington in force this winter, demanding to be roinstated, All the Republican members of Congress who took an active partin exposing and denounc- ing tho rascality of the special jobbers had to oncounter their opposition at the fall cleotion. They made o direot effort to defont Mr. Fos. tor, of Ohio, who was, however, sustained by his constituents. Theso men, under the championship of Builer, propose to appenl to the Republicans in Congress to renew these contracts whereby these men ean levy black- mail upon the commercial community aund plunder the Trensury of its revenuos, The specinl ground they will tako is that tho vevenuos from the twif in’78.M were lesa than those of the provious Yyenr, and this falling off they will declare to be due to smuggling, This is very weak. The roy- ouue from customs last year was over $163,- 000,000, which wns in oxcess of the needs of any honest and economical administration of the Government. The smuggling done in the United States is comparatively veory light when compared with the immense frontier, It hos always existed along the Canada bor- der, smuggling being quito ensy into Ver. niont, New York, and perhaps into Michigan. The other form of smuggling js that by pas- sengers from Europe who purchase largely of laces, and perhaps dinmonds, This form of smuggling exists all the world over, and, if it is more excossive in the United States than elsowhere, it is because wo refuse to learn by experionce that tho most eortain Pprovontive of smuggling is to tako awny the inducoment thorcfor. Alow rate of tax on lace would brenk up smuggling, because then the lace could bo purchased here at such & small advance on the European prices that it would not com- pensate tho risk of smuggling, Mr. Butler, in behalf of his clionts, will make an appeal to tho Republican party to restore theso Pparasites to their position as licensed black. mailers and farmers of the revenue. The Republican party in Congress hos possibly Leard all the appenls from Mr. Butler that it cen afford. It has done for Mr. Butler all that ho can docently ask, It recoguized and carried him with Juyne, Simmons, Sanborn, oud oll the others of his peculiar associates, for years. Last smnmer, o Republican Con. gress got rid of tho scaudal of Butler's friends, nnd the people of Massachusetts then disposed of Butler himself, The Re- publicon party in Congress will not disturb them in the solitude to which they have been consigned, — THE SUBSIDI RAILWAYS OF JLLINOIS, Lnst spring some of the Illinois municipali- ties that had subscribed to the capital stocl of the Gilmon, Clinton & Springfield Rail- road in this State filed a bill before tha Cir. cuit Court of McLean County, alleging that tho Board of Dircctors of that Compnuy had misapplied the funds and credit of the Com- pony, had issued bonds and capital stock without consideration, and was about to give o perpetunl lense of the whola property to the Peunsylvauin Company. Upon filing the bill, Judge Tipton granted an injunetion, aud appoiuted o Roceiver of tho road, by whom it has been maneged ever sinco, 'The old managewont tried by various means and by suits in tho United ‘States Courts to oust tho Recciver, and have the property returned to its formor management, but all such of- forts failed. The case has now been decided by Judgo Tipton on its merits as disclosed by the bill and auswers, aud, whila acquitting tho Directors personally of auny fraud, heo holds that tho manngement has been ex- tromely loose. This road is 111 miles long, and built for tho most part upon tho broad praivie. The towns and counties voted thejr bonds to the amount, wo think, of somo $596,000, receiving an oqual amount of copital stock, It scoms that outside of this 1ounicipal subseription there wag little or xo money ever paid in, Thoe Dircotors made & contract with the # Morgan Construction Compnny" {o build the rond, and paid to that Company $1,400,- 000 of enpital stock, and 2,000,000 first- mortgago bonds,—in all $8,400,000; also, the municipal bonds$600,000, making $4,000,000, They confessed & dobt due to the samo Com. pony of §457,000, nd hind just votod sccond- mortgago bonds to the amount of $1,000,000, when the injunction was served. Fovo was a total payment of 5,467,000 for building 111 anilos of - railway, or over $64,000 per mile, The Directors, ns we stated, wore about to lense the rond when their proceedings were interrupted by the injunction, Had the lease been oxecutod, it will be rendily seén that the capital stock held by the municipalitics would havo been virvtually extinguished. Tho Court has directed that there bo o survey of tho nc- tual cost of tho road, that thero be nstatoment of acconnt betwoon the Company and the Con. struotion Company, with a viow of setting asido all payments of bonds or stack to that Construction Comnpany over and abova what it was honestly entitled to, Tho same Judge, in tho earlier procoedings, laid down the rulo that Direotors of railroad companios wers not, absolute in thefr powors; that thoy veore hut trustaes to manag tho ostato of atackholders, and could no more abuso their trust or wasto and squander the proporty of the stookhold- ord than could any trusteo, or exeeutor, or other porson charged with a fiducisry duty. "Lho onse of tho Gilman, Clinton & Springficld Railrond is but one of savaral other rosds in like oirmlmnmncua‘ in whiel the municipali- tios of this Btato aro Inrgely intercsted. A OASE OF CONVERSION, If there be In all thiy world an entity or institution needing convorsion to good prin- ciplos and good morals, it jsp morning jour. nal of this city, onco the organ of the Dem- ocratio party and of the Rehollion, at present & “What-js-it 2" but claiming to ba xopro- sontative of fudopoudent journnlism! Tae ‘TrinuxE Los already mndoysome beadway in bringing about a roformation in the princi. ples, if not in the morals, of this nondeuoript sheot, We lnd, in n recent issuo of Turp ‘TrinuNe, mado cortain remarks on the char. actor and naturo of our Government, Thege remarks woro not to the taste of the whilom organ, of what is now called by it a putria rominisconce.” We wore charged with clnin- ing that tho United Stntes is a nation,— anation in an unqualified sense,—as much o nation as France, Germany, or Great Britain. * No," answeroed tho nondeseript, “we aro not auntion; wo are both anation and a confedera- cy.” * o sny that wo are not both nation ind a confodoracy is prognant with great ovil, It is lenning towards contralizntion,” Wo re- pliod that the principle that wo were, in any sente, o] confederacy, juslified secession on condition broken of the compnet or contract on which the confederacy was based. Where. upon tho morning * What-s-it 7" makes ouswer in substanco na follows: **You fal. sify; I never anid wo wero o confedoracy in oauy sense. We are not a confederacy at all, Wa aro a nation, pure and simplo, I always auid we wero a nation. Don't Tknow that, if I woro to maintain that this country is a con- federacy in any gense whatever, I should bo muintaining the right of secession on condi. tion broken? Inaver said we wore n con- federacy.” Itis instructivo to quote the pre- ciso words of tho short but decisive controversy. Soys tho TYmes, Nov, 24: “ The Z'imes,no more satisfied with tho half-told truth of tho socessionists than with tho half-told truth of the contralist, rejects the conclusions of both ; and, bringing out the wholo truth, affirms tho true theory of the Constitution to Lo, that wo are both o nation and a confed- cracy of Statos; in some things we are na- tional and not State or foderntive ; in all others wo aro State or federative, and not national.” Bays Tne Tripuye in reply, Nov. 2G: ““Both claims are in the wrong accord- ing to tho Times; for it informs us the United States is both nation and a confed- oracy. Wo take issue with it just thero, The United States is a nation, . . . in o sonse & confederacy. On the supposi- tion that wa are, in any scnse, a confoderacy, tho door is left open for nullification or socession on the ground that the terms of tho compnct on which the confederacy was based have beon disrogarded. -The right of 8secossion, on condition broken, is insopara. ble from & confederacy.” And the Z'imes, Nov. 2T: “To recite even s smnll part of the ovorwhelming mass of evidenco which our history has pro- duced, showing that we are a nation, and not in any sonso a confederacy of nations, would require n volume.” A confederacy of nations is procisely the same ns a confederacy of States, siuco a confedoracy can be formed only by the contrret sovercign parties, and State and nation, when sovereign bodies, mean precisoly the same thing. Now lere is a gonuine caso of conversion. The quondam organ of the ¢ puirid reminis- cence " is made & proselyte to good Republic- an principles, and loans as much towards contralization g8 do we. We could only wish that it might persevero twenty-four hours in these good principles. If it belioves in thom, why does it not, instead of wastiug its energy to no purpose, turn aboutandadvoeato thom ? ‘The ndherents of the * putrid reminisconce * still road its columus, and it cortainly ean do 1o better than endeavor to clevate them to at least the moral level which it has renched itaolf. RAILWAY REFOIM IN ENGLAND, An important ehange in railrond pussengor- travel in England hns been insugurated which the mengre cablo dispatches did not render intelligible. Hitherto, upon all Brit- ish railronds provision was made for threa classes of travel. The rato varied from 4 cents Lo 6 cents per milo for first class ; from 8 cents to 4 cents for second class ; and aver- aged 2 cents per mile for third clnss, Orig- inally, the third-class carringes, which were provided pursuant to aot of Parliament, wero run separatoly, in slow trains, the law re. quiring each company to run a third-class troin the ontire longth of the road, each wny, daily. These were desiguated Parliamentary {rains, and the receipts there. {from were exempt from taxation, Tho speed was to be not less than 12 miles an hour, which rate waa scldom excoeded, whereas tho express frains attnined an averago speed of 40 to 50 miles an hour, including stoppages. Eventually the Midland Railway Company began running third-class carriages in con. junotion with the rogular trains. Tho otlier companies wera obliged to adopt the same policy. Tho Midland has now led off with still gronter reform, It has abolished second- class carriages, and determined to furnish tho first-class accommodations at second-class ratos. Tho xates charged by this Company ave, therefore, 8 cents per milo for fust class aud 2 cents for the other class, Fhis radical proposition was approved by the shareholders at n meoting held ontho 17th inst., but, in deference to the wishes of rival companies, 8 conferonce was agrood upon to consider tho. dotoils of the proposed chango, On the day following, nt o meeting of tho Direotors of fivo Jonding railways, it was resolved to con. tinue the runming of threo classes of car- ringes. It is diffioult for an American to compre. hend the full signifieanco of the proposed chango, In England saciety is divided into three classos—tho upper, middle, and lowor, The proposition to mix the upper and middle olasses wna thorofore recoived with much in. dignntion. Distriot meetings of the share- bolders of the Midland Railway wore held, at which the insolenco of secoud-clss passen- gevs was indioated, and this startling conun. drum propounded: “If the proposal were carried out, low could lndies then travel evon fivat-class without an ogcort 7" The entire Llame was thrown upon Mr, Allport, the General Manngor of tho Midland, ung, at the Mancheater moeting, Lis progrossive views wero aocounted for by the fact that ' M, Allport hns boen to Amer. ien, and kere {8 tho upshot of it,"” It may bo woll to remtmk that this samo Compnnylins introducod Pullman slosping and drawing-room ears, which ave yun in all its oxpresa trniug, Wo this improvomont the aobolition of the nonda-!t seo- ond-olass oamlogos & lmgoly attrlb. utablo, wish to arsocinte with the middle clngg, thy cnn socure private emrriages or state-rooms o I the “upper class” do mt the Pullman irping, As tho Midland oper. ates 1,024 miles of rond, sliould tho roforn prove desirablo tho conformity of the cou. peting companies will ouly be a question it time. In any ovent, tho exporiment will le watched with intorost, GAME IN GREAT BRITAIN. Tiio subject of gamo s lmays baon ane o groat fmportance in England ang Scotland, aul tho recont report of tho Parliamentsry Commie teo on Gamo Laws may naturally be Iooked to fir somo interesting facts, This oxpectation ia rose ized in the dotails and estimates contained in cra report, which place tho wild animals of Grat Dritutp in & new light, as miniaters to the waitg of tho poor, and contributors to the woslth of the country. Theso faots wore olicited by a vay caroful oxamination of vatious classes of peojla Gannacted with the rotail distribution of gamop- sama-keopors, furriers, and tho ropressuiating of various fndustries into which tho four-footid aulmals anter in ono way or anothor. ‘Tho most valuable animal running wild amory tho turnip.fiolds aud moadows {8 tho rabbt, whom the Comunittao han coudemnod to dend 28 common vermin, This vordict appoars to la based upon ite roproductive fertility and genon! uscfulnoes. Tho firat clalm tho littlo rablt makes i bis oxcellonco and chenpness an m article of food. Hig flesh in proforrad to butcls er'a moat, not only by poor peoplo, but as a chango of diet by the moro fortunato, A pair o rabbits weighing 4 pounds would cost 2 shulling), and would thus bo obtained for apout half tin cost of butchor's ment. The popularity of thn suimal for the dinner-table mny be assume from the circumstunce that it brings a highe prico on Fridays and Baturdays, whon tho pox Peopls are paid thoir weok'y wagos. Tho flesh of the English rabbit is mora dolicats aud palo~ tablo tian it of tho Amorican varioty, and dg. nervas tho higth estoom in whioh it hos been held, Tho Committes eatimato that 27,000,000 rabubits are annually brod in Groa: Britain and Iroinud, which ara oquivalont to 24,000 tous of nnimay food, representing at a Jow ontimata £1,350,000, In addition to ths valuo of thio rabbi, as food, bis skio is an articlo of morchandise, The aver- ago valuo of a rabbit-skin is 8 Penco, which would amount to £225,000 for tho number above atatod, sod would incrense tho valuo of the Lnglish rabbit-crop to tho estomshing sum of £1,576,000, Tho haro Is & scarcer animal than the rabbit, and more oxpensive. It isan orticle of luxury eontirely out of reach of the poor maan, The an- nual crop of hars is estimated ot 2,000,000, The brown haro 14 the moro valuablo, boing worth 8 sbilliugs, whilo bia_ skin sells for 4 ponco. The avorago prico of the hare is about 2 ehil. lings 6 penco. Thus tho haro would represent some £275,000. About 10,000,000 rabbit-skins are sunually exported, bringing in oxchango soma £89,000. Tho silvor-gray rabbit-skin is sent to Russis, thoro dressod and roturned to England under another name, In Lugland tho polts aro made inlo muffs, boas, and such things of o choap degcription, the down combed from thom being used principally forstuling bed-ticks, Tho proparation of tho skins for various uses givos omployment t0 8,000 psoplo, mou, women, and children, who earn in tho aggrogate somothing liko £140,000 during tho gesson. Bome of tho fur is mixod with ordivary wool in tho manufno- turs of bats, the exportation of which to tho United States and Tranco, in epito of tho 35 por cont ad valorem duty imposed by our Govern- ment and 10 per cent by the French, realized in 1872 not less than £042,802, As an offsot againet the commercial valuo of theso mischiovous animals {a tho injury they in- Alict upon tho agriculturalist, It is this which has induced the Committee to declaro WAr upon them by designating them vermin, By oxclud- ing thom from tho protection of tho Gamo lawe, the farmor who suffers by thoir depredations ia permitted to make what componuatory protit he cau out of their boaies, Thero is littlo danger of their becoming extinet, for it requires but yoar or two of unmolested happincss to peoples cowman with rabbits innumerablo, The festhered game iz wmore carelully pro- tooted. No altorations aro recommended in tis Iaws rogurding partridgos and plicassus, rud thoso precious birds avo still as sacred to thn land-owner as the ibis of Egypt, the vulturo of Hindostan, or the wren of the Emorald Isl2. Tho game quadrupeds of Eugland are o demo- cratic fnstitution; tho feathored gamo & parri- clan luxury, The formor aro a gource of profit, and a rolief to the poor; the latter morely an object of cruel, if healthy, amusemont to tha woalthy, —_—— The discovery fust mado by the New I pross of the efforts mado all round the met; olis to steal away fts business, inducea ol ZEvening Post to call tho city “Rip Voo Winkie in Commerco.” In a sbharp arliclo the Pocl voints out the lethargic policy which hag poz- mitted the demands of the day to outgrow tho Landling facilities of the city, Becure in tho boliof that no power could divert tho stream from its natural outlet, Now York hiay clung to her puny floating elovators, and mado no effort, to abolish tho tedlous and oxponaive systom of travafors which add unnecessary tribute to the extortious lovied upon both shipper and recoiver, and aggravato both by delay. It dovs not hesitato to point out tho strugglo for supremaoy by tho external linos of railroad, nor to decluro thut ¢ Now York is bohind tho ago, is a growing ob- struction to commerce, and must wake from {ta sleop soon or bid its natural supremacy & long farewell.” Other journalu tnke a mora confident viewof the situation, Thoy look for reliof, not without & cettain nervous impationce, to the promised double-track freight-line which Van- dorbilt is plansivg, aud which leaves nothing for tha city to do but provide the proper facili- tios for transfor of froight to ocean-going shipa. Among the confident believers in tho mavifeat deatiny of thue Metropolls to control the Western grain-trade is the Journal of Com- merce, but the consolation it gives containg two words of history and one of warning, which are worth caroful attention. It has been tho prac- tice with tho railroad combination to chargo not only lighterago and towage upon small lots of grain, but, if an elevator wore ongagod to dis- chiarge & load, an oxéra threo-quarters of o cent, to bo puid by the consignce. Resistance to this oxtortion involvod tho receiver in troublo turough delays and other annoyauces, which mado the payment of blackmail proferablo to the consoquonces of rofueal. Last winter, shippors and receivors found au opportunity, which thoy mado uso of. The linos of tho opposition were arowded boyond any possibility of handhng grain, Evory alding, turu-out, and depot was full; tho rond was jammed, and delays wora iuavitable, Roccivors = could nub be compelled to roceive any graln but tho exaot lot gont them, and to aeloct puch ears as thoy demandod from tho RON- oral masa was simply impossiblo, The ralronds, aftor much doliboration, proposed & plan of ro- lief by masming different grades of grain ow rapldly as possible, and distributing tho amount duo to each shipper, Tho Produce Lxchanga ndopted the plan, domanding & coucession o_( tho oxtra chargo for delivery, but mada o condition a5 totho olovator-bonus exactod of tho consigneo, Tho Journal of Comumerco poluta out tho prose poct of asinnlar jam this seasow, snd plainly adviacs shippers to tako advantage of pravulling circumstances to inalst upon fuir troatmeut by the oarriers, — The ity of Cluoinnatl hos s population, por baps, of 800,000 pevsons qf all sges and soxcs, Iu nor annual oxhibit of productions and mann- facture fu & vory large item of beer, of which total, it 18 stated, 1,000,000 gallons were sold for domeatio cousumption, Assuming tho wale adulls of that city at 60,000, this allowauco 18 6qual to 160 galions & yoar far eaol, or, oxelud- ing Bundays, Lolf & gallon & day, In addition ‘." Lty theconaumptivn of bative wino asd iuposie