Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 28, 1874, Page 2

BALTIMORE. Its Contracts with Ohicago. Tho Mawner in Which Dusiness Is Done in tho Honumenind City, How Its Ladies Dress-.its Hotels, Newspapers, Ete. The Mutual Gain {o Te Derived from More Intimate Relations Betweon Baltlmore and Chicago. Bpectal Corveapontence of The Chteado Tribune, BavTIMORE, Nov, 20, 1874, Thera is probably no eity of oqusl size on the American Continont of which tho people of Chi- cago and the Northwest aro se ignorant as they ot of Daltimore. We aro familiar with Balti- more oysters and Baltimore piavos, aud some of our greeurs Liave found it tho choapest markot in which to buy coffes, sugar, siraps, and canned fruita; but the maes of qur peoplo know little moro of it. Tue openiog 6f {bn Boltimore & Olto Rail- road soems a fit occasion for A DETTGR ACQUAINTANCE and more Intimate rolations, Ia this event tho Mouumental City ostonds to ua both bands, and Invitss us to **shako;” and, sluco plonsure and profit alike prompt tho cordial acceptanco of the invitation, by all inonna lot us doeo, Somodavs 2701 left Chicago to study Baltimoro and it prospective trado-relations with the great North- west, and now Lasten to roport my impresslons. A gploves at thoe wmap shows DBnltimore'a Joeation ot the head of tho Clessponko Bay, wn nmn of (o sca (bruet fnlund, ua it grasping for tha trade of tho Continent. Ite sito is diverasfied by o groal variety of emi- noncea, Iu tha multipheity of its brick atrue- tures it rosembles Philadelpbia ; but it bas o larger propoition of ornste marblo or fron strootures, which impare to it an air of greator architectitral slogance, and its monuments have made it fatmous. The goneralimpression made, buth by the vity and it8 people, {a that of atabil- ity united with retinoment and good taste. IT CONTRASTS WITIHL CHICAGO in boing a huudrod years older aod about a hun- drod timew o8 modest. It is impossible for mio $0 convoy 1o tho render all thet is uoplied in this contrast; but tho following sre o fow of tho ways in which it expressen iteell ¢ With throe-fourihs of tho population of Cliieago, it has ln its banks, and in the handa of individuals, twico ss much loznablo capital, The bankerate of iutorcst is G per cont; tho streot rate from Gig to 10, —tho witolo avetaging not over 8 per cont, Instead of banl-countors that cost $100 & linaal teot, you aea here such o cosz £10, perbaps not over ¢5. ‘Tho Chicago bank-parlor i fitied up with elegant Biueaels or Asminster earpets, and other furnitore to mateh. The Baltimore bauk- parior hay a baro, common piue floor, and cbalvs, tablo, desl, and goe-fixtuies, that, in somo in- stances, might sell at suction’ for '$60, Qs of tio riciiest wholesnle grocery-houses in Falue ‘more, which docs & yoatly business of 32,600,000, pays o store-rent of $2,600 o year, £1,L00 o yoar far bead-bookkeaper, and other holp in propor- tion. Such a firm in Clbicago would poy four times a8 much for rent, and nearly four times as much for clerle-hire. “Lho coutrust is not 50 great in the furnitnra of private housgs ;s but, in Uaitimore, elegance ex- preasea iwcelf in durable textutes, solid conatruc- tion, and an utter abscuco of llknhy colors, I5 LADIES' DRESES this difference s still Dworo pronounced. In Chicago, the typical street-dress avchitectura is t00 often a gros-grain silk, with & foundation of mnd, thirieen stories of flouncas, cornices of potnt-lace, surmounvted by a gorzeous Alansard yoof, sud trermers of the mokt staonivg culors. Icaunot too kughly commend the good =onso hero displayed by 1he ladien in thelr ptroet and chureb costumes, With plain dresses of dusable testure, neat and trim, and en utter absenco of bright colors, oxcept, pethaps, o timid bow at the' throat, tho Lultimorc ladies, long cele- brated for their beanty apd high broeding, presout w tout ecserablo quite entbralling to tho masculine heart. 1 havo not attonded an opora or & [ull-dtess partg, but ladies who ean thus gensibly dress for church and atreet can bo trusted to micke tbemsolves olarmivg any- +srhero. ¥ unTELs, if Tmay judge from tls one wiere I atop, the opoutrast 1y docidadly in tzyor of Chicago, Wit lew rents, and every fuclity for good Jiving ab cheap rates, L am chargod in Baltinore $4 & day for acevlmodations that abound 1u Chicago at $2.60,—in other words, brst.class micey for third-rate sccommodations, Withins few squares of tho Hhotol-table whero Icanvot obtam the simplo luxury of a raw oyster, 600,000 czrs of tho tiuest bivalves in the worla are dutly packed aud sbipped to ail parts of tho globe. VWhen will botels joarn to furnish their guesta with the chenp luxuries of Lheir respectivo localitics ? THE DAILY PAPERS of tha efty are & fuir reflox of the people {hom- selved. Diznified, eudate, scoramg sennational- ism and oxagueration, thoy luck tho vim, the en- thusiaum, sud the eoterprise, of thoir Chicsgo confiares. ‘I'iey are much too modest in speag- 1og of their ond city, Thoy do not seem toae- wlizo its commercinl adyautages, sud do not cont- prehend the vast wealth which tho grent North- Weut, I‘m tapped Ly the Daltimoro & Ohio Rail- road, [s ready to pour into her coffers, Ouo of the fow leading morchants of Baltimoro who liavo visited Chicapo and studied the sources of ita greatuess, exprosved to mo Lis admiration sud wonder at ihe abiliky and enter- prieo_dikplayed by its Teading journals, and gave it a8 his opinjon that thoy wore nmong the uoss important cauxes of Chicago’s growth and power, 1lo added, za hin dotiberalo couvietion, thet what Baltinoro most uceded was & paper lige Tur Curcaco Tninuxe. 1 entiroly egroed nith . Ia the treatoient of ITR B¥AL ESTATE, Daltimore s pecubiar.” Its slow and uniform ETovth lag led ton vory geucral yatom of leas- b Ld for “* pinety-nine years, rouowablo for« even," &t an sunuwl ground-rent of 6 per cout, on it mariat vatuo at tuo date of tho leaso, For cxataple, o comnon laborer, or machavic, who can command taney euu\\g[\ ta build a bouae, uctead of buviug o lot upon whiclt to ouild, lenscs il 1t tho lot bo worth 1,000, ke pass annually Torever n ground-rantof 00, 1t he builds a bonse that coxts bim 1,000, w6 mouoy hers is ¢ por cent, this makes big house-ront practically ouly §120 & yoar, Thin in, in eflcet, to lonn b for- ovar the valuo of the lot at G por cont. 1f the lot advancos in value ho Lag (hn bonodt of it, since, if ho wishes to sell, ko dispores of hiy Louso at its markot value, and tho ground-lease at Ht8 anhanced prco, Thin oncourapes men of #mall meand to live in their own bouses, A5 & cogrequeneo, thoro sre no tenemant-hanuoy, sc- tual routs tre comparatively unkwown, sud a larger proportion of the peoplo own their houses ‘thau porhaps in auy othor wty In tho worid, This seouros m staid, thrifty population, and, with mild climate, thenp fucl, cheap food, and clicap clothing, glves B.‘\Xumoxe A gieat advautage as o manuinoturing oty From the contrasts already noted * seen that Baltimore and Chicugo Liaye Wewlilps 4 s uu.\" rom & mora intimate ucquatntatice with ea otber, Iuch can supply the other with “he“c‘l: most lacks, Wo mlght fufeet hor with somg of our dgsh, onthusinem, and enterprise, und got, {u refw, moro scniible and economical moday of liviug and doing busmoss. But it, m thia morcenary ugo, tis kind of exchango be uot anfciontly prized, 1t remalne to consder gome of the ways in which osch msay put tangiblo monsy {nlier purgo by catabliehing morsintimate trade-relations, Chicago and tue Northwest have nununllly ovor_ &2U0,000,000 worth of pro- dnea to soil the Eastern Statos, Europe, and Youth Amorica, That Bultimore ¢au bandle a 1argo rroportion of this, will be ovidont when wublook at the facilitlos for traneportution, stor- uge, and_iransuhipment, efforded by the Balti wore & Ohlo Ruilread, and the rolurn cargoes which may ba comtuunded by and through Balti- more, In the way of manufuctures, coffoe, sugar, and importatious fram Europe. But, as my let- tar ju already too loug, I muut defar {ls soction of my investigations o another day, XK. D, ——em fndefible Intk, The Fronch Stawp Oflce hed just purchixsed tho sooret of the componition of an ok sbaos lmol{ {udolible, aud which realsta tho surength ot &l known reagents, Owlog to that disdovery, ool haable g et an end ta tha wwneseid THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, frauda which aro constantly commitied to tho prejudico of tho I'ronsury, and which conslst in resioring to atamped paper, olready used, its original purity, The abnial {oss to tho rovouus on that hiend i calculated at 600,000 fraves lu tho Dopsrtment of the Nemo alono, The em- ploymont of tho Indeliblo fuk ie about to be 1m- voked on all publio ofiicers carged with tha drawing up of acta. 1t will Lo rold with thoe stampn at all the shops, and Ite nao #iit bo ron- :llurn obligatory by au adminfuirative regula- on, FISH-CULTURE. Meeport of the United Stittes Fish Come mission. Washinaton Correspondence q{ the New York Lribune, The United Btatos Fish Commission, st tho conclusion of thoir summor's work, have re- turnad to thls city, and aro now engaged 4n dvawing up their annual roport. Tho following facty wto & summary of (hoir Yoar's lahors: At the hord of the Commission {8 Prof. 8, F. Daird, of the Smithaonian Institnte ; its Secrotary i £ B, Rockwall, of this city, Ac tho Losd of tho naturaliuls of the Commission was Prof, A, 1. Vorril), of Yalo College, whoso priucipal aub- Joct of luveatigation ia the matino {nvertabratos. ATo waos assistod by Prof, 8. I, Smith and four or five students from —tho Bclontitle Bolool of New Ilaven. Wesloyan University of Middlotown, Conn,, was ropiesented by Profe. Rwo nud @ Drown Goodo: 1o tho Inttor was upocinlly intrusted tho iclithy- ological doprriment. Prof, Nyntt, of Boston, Ry sisted by Profa. Saltonstall aud Iathbouo, ropre- sented tho Donton Hociely of Natural Iiistory. L'rom Yalo, hosido tharo already mentioned, canio Piof, D. i, Baton, with two or threo agalstauts; from Cambridge, D, W, B. Farlow; those two gentlamen gavo apecial attention to collectiono ol algw or seawaed, From 1'biladelphis, repro- denting tho Franklin Iustitute, came Dr, Jo- weph_Yeidy, studying micreacoplo formations, and Dr, Hoeury Chapman, Tae party was, thoro- fore, componed of over twenty scionfists, who gave their bost time and thought all the warm months in proseeuting *investigationa with the viow of ngcartamning whether any and what dimi- nutlow i tho nuntbor of food tishes of the coasis and Iaken of tho United States Las taken placa, and, if so, to what causos tho samo ia dno; and, also, whether auy and what protective, Sm- Inubitorv, or precautionary measures sbould bo adopted in tho prenuses.” To carry out this mrogramme ovidently requires s comploto zo- alogical, botanical,fand physfcalsurvey of all tho waters of tho United Statos, Itis duo to theao gentlomen to state that of tho wholo twenty only two rocoive salarios or any pay excopt tholr actual exponsos. ‘The Sacretary and the ariist aro paid by Qov- ornment out of tho approprintion; “all the otliers givo thelr sorviced to tho work of tle Commission, smply repaid by thoir contributions to sclence, and by tho collections of fauns, al- @i, etc., that thoy collect for thoir severs] - suitutions. Tha placo selected for their headquarters tho Pru:mm yoar was tho pleasant httle fishing vil- aco of Noaulk in Connecticut. Situated at tho end of Long Taland Sound, and fooking out on tha Atlantic Quean, midway botiween Now Lou- don and Stonfugton, with o population princi- paly engaged it flahing, ft was well suited to Lo purposos of the Commission. To md them in their labora the Secrotary of tho Navysent tho amall steamer the Islue Light, Capt, Hoardsleo, of the Waghington Navy-Yard,in command, with o picked crow of eight or nino men, The chief watk of tho nteamer was o earry the party to the scono of their daily labors, and to do the heavy work of dredging and trawl- ing. By this old of steam, the amount of work done fu the ucason was nt least quad- rupled, Iucluding the sclentitic gentlomen, their families, thoir assistants, tho orew of the DBiuo Light, and the numarous eclontidts who ‘wero aften visiting them, sbout seventy persons wworo coustautly assembled a: Noank, studyiug fialies, theiwr food, their habits, sud thoir babi- tat, ‘While Investigating ths questions con- corning tho food fGshes of the Atlantic, groat attontion has boon paid to the foo tishies of tho lokes and rivers, Undor tho direc- tion of Prof. Daird, Mr. Livingston Btono hsa been employed on tho Macleod River, 8 brauch of the Suoramento, obtaining saimon eggs, of which s secured some 6,000,000, Tho salmonof the Maclood aro o very vigorous flah, growing vapidly, and largor than our Esstorn salmon, wuigll{ug 20 and 80, rnd occasionully 50, poundu, ‘This npecies is especially adupted to tho warmor waters of the country, and tho eggs thus oblaised have heen distributod in tho heatdwators of the Busquehanna, Potomag, *James, Delaware, ond oven tho Mwsiasippl. They come forwnrd much anrlier than those from tho caldor waters of New Jngland and Canala, the ova belng obtainod in August and Soptomber, and tho younz fisbes, Tully batelied, intrnnted to ihoir future homes in Noyempvor aud Decomber. Of tho 6,000,000 egga obtaincd by Mr, Btove, 1,000,000 wore restored to their native Tiver, thae that sourco of supply might not bo dried up; tlo athor 5,000,000 wero distributed in the Middle and Western States; 750,000 wero sent_to Michigan, and 160,000 to Utah. Half a million swore placed in tho atch- ing-house of M. Aloxander Kent, of Baitimore, (o bo distributed over Maryland and Virgiva, and gnother larga cmount Lo a similar institution ac Bloomsburg, N. J. Besidos thesa saloion gath- ered from Orogon and scallerod $u the warmer waters of the country, Mr. Clarles G. Adkivs, of Bucksporl, Mo, on tho Po- nobscot, hns obtsie a,mu.nub ogRs from that river. Theeo fishea, adapted 10 thic streams of New England snd Nortuera }ew York, are slower in coming to maturity than che Wosteru fish, They aro secured in October and Novem- ber, aud placod in tho water in :ho following February and 3farch. From Malue and Oregon therefore 7,600,000 xalmon egga huzo Leon thin yoar gatherad and distributed in all sho nivors of the lund thet run to the cconn. But_ju addition to this, Prof, Ba'vd has suc- ceeded in abtuining eges of the land-locked sul- mon of Lake Saber, in Maino, This species of aalmon, though now fresh water, is eupposed to havo rup up thitkor from the ocoan, but never to lave returued. ‘They are a amall Heh, wolghing from 9 to 8 puunds, but vory fine eating; 150,- 000 of theso ogpe lave boon sccured and dis- taibuted among the rivera of Now Bugland and Michigau that run into Jukes, The tvo gnnm‘p.nl sources of supply vt shad ova are at Castlcton, N. Y., on the tudson, and 1lolyoke, Mass, on tho Connecticut:. sud At thode two placos some 5,000,000 or 4,000,000 oggs liavo been weeured, Salnion eges are sent ici1o48 {hio coutinent imbeddod iu moss; but shui sre 80 lively, Leiug Letched in fivo or aix days after thoy are impregnated, that they can onfy be distributed as livieg dshes. TLurge cans_are, therefore, made, lolding 10 or 13 pallons of water cach, and in each can aro deponited 5,000 or 30,000 of the little fisken. These 56,000,600 or 6,000,000 shad hisve taan distributed over New Eogland, Now York, Tenusylvaniz, Illinois, snd as'far West as Iowa, The tonthorn Braten have also yoceived thoir qnote, 50.000 baving been for tho first timo de~ posited in two strenmu fn Tozas; so that threo yerrs from this time (it 1equices threo yoars to ring the sbad to full mnlunt_'.? tho ehad will be our oultousl fish, and wil bo caught in every stroam fn the Union. Bomo of theso sbad eggs have beon donosited in the tributarics of tho Missiaslppl 2ud of the great lakes, DLut the satter In au oxpeiiment, the shad bhithorto Liaving alweys found his way to eull water, But small shell-flsb, of the sunia spocics o8 the rhad fecds upou in tho bottom of tho ooean, having boen found io_the dopths of groat lukien, it ban been dotevmined to try {ho experi- ment of both shad aud sslmon for lakos. Dut it {s no sxporiment to etock rivers running to tho sea with tood Oxbes. In 1867 the ova of shnd wora fitst _eartied to tho formor hatching pluces in the hoad wators of tho Councoticut, During tho threo years roquirod for thoir growth, tba Counocticut wes so clupry of fieh that the figheyien of {bo lower part of tho river were wholly abandonad, But In 1870 large rchools bogast to pasa up tho river, aud they have continued to grow in numbers and in wofghe till this year, whon in tho hoight of tho scason shind wore sold on tho epot whero thoy were cauglit oL @8 per 100, Streams in Soutlern Masachuieotia bava boen rostocked with alo- wives, 8o thot 100 tovs of fluh-food aro now token from utroamn thnt six yeara ago wero withont & ieh; aud tho gupply of thin fish fu tho atreamn hag rostockod thie mouths of ths rivern and the shores with larger and more nutritious tlal, attructad thither by the plouteousuess of thelr favorite bait, It is an interenting fact, daveloped by theasin- Yestigations, that tho flsh, whun toa young to tako caro of fteelf, In best oarad for by inan, but that when inatinet {s ance tully daveloped, na- turo in nottor than mau, Tho Impreguation of the ogg {8 much bettor mocwted by artlielal moanii than when loft to the flshes thomselvea ; hut, wheu batotiwd, natuse takies botter care than mat, A fow youra ngo tho youug fish was carafully coopod up, fattaned, and in- trusted “to himeelt ouly when fully started i hite. Tho consoquenco wan that whan onca left freo in his nativo waters ho boosme the prey of his nuinorous enewios, against which ho brd uo inslinchive resourocy. hut When tho young of any lish, first lonsennd ‘from the yoliebuy, fluds ituelf alona In its native waters, it “at onco uinka to the bottow, where its color rondory ji undlslllxgldnhnhlfl from tho tand by which itis surrounded, _ A# it Rrows up it learnn solf-pro- secvatlon by flight, ao that tha proportion of sur- yivors {s found to bo larger under the let-slone prinaiple theu under wuu's most caveful twition, ARKANSAS. Tho Question as fo tho New Consti- tution of That State, Was the Action of the Legislature “Without Authority and Wholly Irrogular” ¢ Letter from Judgo Jameson in Reply to iho Views of Judge Poland. T'o the Editor of The Chicago Tridune: Bin: Ihave not no far kept pacs with evonts s8¢0 be familiar with the grounds of contro- versy between the factious mow troubling Ar- kausas, aud, through hor, tho Nation; but I will aseumo tho followlng oxtraot from your {ssuo of Friday last to contain ono of tho most aubstantial of thoso grounds, aud will ask your fudulgenco for a fow comments upon it. It {1 from » disnateh of & correspondont at Bt. Louis, in which ho cites tho rumors thero cur- tant i ralation to Smnith aud Gailand ; and he ndds to (hem the followlng: Judgo Poland arsorts ihat, xithongh boih Baxter snd Brooks buve wsappeared from the polifical arena, yot {lio queation now ‘at jneue 1x: Wuich of thiem 'Was elocted Governor in 18727 The new Conalitution, Judgo Polaud saya, waa concefvea aud adopted in & very irregalar nanner, The old_ Constitution provid- 20 Tor amaendmonts oy, and_proscriad. tho mothod for their udoption, No ower wan dolegated to tho Qenoral Assemibly of thie Sfuto to submit the questlon fo the pooplo whather op not they wonld Liokd u Qon- stitutlonal Convention, Thus ii appesra thnt tho wotion of tho Arkansss Leglalaturo in the promircu was without suthonity and wholly irregular. A puraliel ¢nso totufs Mr, Poland Ands in tho calebrated Dorr Ttabelifon in Rhoido Island a quarter of a ceninry ao, “Tho Hopos and ambition of Swnith rest upon tha fils Rullty of this Conslllution, I undoratand from the tenor of this dispatch that the thoory attributed to Judga Poland rop- resenta thio viaw of the Ropublicans; and thal tho oppouito theory, that tho Convention in yucation was n yalid bady, repreacuts that of the Domocrats! eidersble bportanca. 1t 1s, indeod, far more important that it sbould bo rightly decided than that aither party should succood in holding the Govornment of Arkanass, In trutl, it would ba botter for the country that the Republican and Democratio partiea both should bo wiped out of oxlstonce than that any material question re- Iating to tha powera of Constitutional Couyon- tions should bo docided wrongly. By & somo- what careful study of this question, I am con- vincod that the theory sunounced by your corro- spondent s that of Judge Poland and of the Ho- publican Elfl)" is wrong, and would load lo the inoat fatel resulta, Tho first polut is, whotber s Legislature has porwor to call a Couvontion to amend the Consti- ntion, when the powertodo so hne uot been specifically givon to 1t by that instrument, but when the power hins beon givon to 1t to propose specifio amoudments to tho Constitution, to be votod upon by the paoplo; which last wes, in all respecta, the case with the Constltution of Ar- kangos exioting at tho time (8 lagt Canvantiou was called. The Listory of this power of mafing srocific amendmonts to Constitutions, at the suggostiouof our Lugialatares, shows very cloarly that it was 1tondar to bo exercised only when fow aud alight amendwents were desired, and nover whers a goneral rovislon of Coustitations was in- tonded, Itisa fact thatno attempt to rovise sn ontlro Constitution by tho action of the Legha- Iaturs submitting amoodments to the peopls, was over mado until the late casoa of Michigan and Now York; aud that both of thoss sttempts were failurca,—tho peoplo of Michigau rofecting the whole, and those of New York a large part, of tho amendmeuts proposed by their respeets ive Logislatures. This, to me, iz not a matter of surprise, winco, slthough, in both casos, the new Coustitutions wero sover- olly framed, ih the ficat instanco by a Legisla- twve “ Cominissfon,” mado up of the best wean of both partics. They wero submitted to the rovis- jon of the Logislaturs itsell, mads up—~uniess better constituted than tho avorage of our Leg~ islaiures—of the worat mon of hoth parties. Whon suomitted by the Legislatures to tho peo- plo to bo pnssed upon finally, the chances were that thoy had beon deprived by the Leglalature of somp ol their wmost valuable provisions, or haod bad injectod into thom others thal wore dis~ taataful to tho pooplo, as pattisan or uujust, What could " mot be done in Now York and Michigan, with tho neslatanco of the abla and pitriotic mon constituting tho Commis- sions, wo could hardly oxpeet to bo dane iu other States which should adhera strictly to thoir Con~ sutnilons, and ’ttempt to do tha wark of fully revising thoao instrumente, not by & Commission chosou from thae Btato at large, but by a Commit- toa of mombers of the Logislature, genarally ig- nnmutz of constitutional luw, aud slwaye devoted %o party. Judgo Poland ia sald to have declared that the action of the Arkansal Logislaturo in calling a Convention to revise the Constitution, under the cleenmstancen stated, was wholly Irregular,” Dy this I supposo he meant that it was so far unprecedonted that the rulo ho contends tor ia subatantislly without exception. Ou tho con- travy, there aro numerous and waighty excop- tions; 80 much eo that I think it estublished, in tha public Iaw of tho Umtod States, that it 14 always in the power of a Logisla- ture {o call a Convention, whenever it may doom it neccessary or expedient to do 8o, with & view either to amend or remodol tho Con- atitution, Tho only excoption would bp, whers tho existiog Cousiitution should, in oxpress torms, hava prohibited tho oxercieo of sucha power, 1f 8o unwise a prohibition were to be in- sertod {n » Constitution, it seems vory clear that no Legislature orgauized under it could call a Conveution without boivg guity of anact of royolution. Let us vow Jook at tho precedents touching this point, 'Thero have bocn at loast twouty-nix cages, iocluding that ol Arkanwss, in which Logislativo Bodies bavo catled Conventionk, whore the Constitutions then in forco contained no provision suthorizing such action, Thege cuges extonded sll tho way from 1789 to 1872, ‘The Conventions wero thoso of Georgin, Jan. 7, 1789, May 7, 1780, and 1838 ; South Caroling, 1780'; Now ' Humpahiro, 13913 Now York, 1801, 1821, and 18163 Councotiout 1810 ; Maséachusetts 853 Rhoda 1820 “and Tuland, 1824, 1884, 1641, and 1812, hield under the Churter Government; Virginia, 1829, 1850, and 1864; North Carolma, 1835; Pennsylvanin, 1837 ; Now' Jerscy, 1844; Miwsouri, 1885, 1861, and 1865; snd Indisnu, 1850, Iu rogardto tho last Couvention, it shonldbo obgerved that, althougn thoro was contained in tho Indiaun Conatituiion of 1816 pover to the Logislaturo to calln Con-~ voutlon avery twalfth yesr thorealtor,—that ig, in 1824, 1840, 1853, ote.,~tho power was uot pur~ gued, but & Convention was callod fudapendont- ly of'it, by an act uppsoved Jan, 18, 1850, which mot ou the 5d af Juno fullowing. 1t fa trua thet, in threg or four of thoso Con- ventions,—as in tht of Virginia, 1820; of Peun- sylvenie, 1887 ; of New York, 18i0; and of Masmachiusplts, 1853, —tho same objuciion atated by Judge Poland was raised aud discussed, ‘I'he objoction, howover, was commonly utgod by » minority, whose parsy or othor interests inclined them to look with disfavor upon any change of the existing Coustitution. In & large proportion of these caxsos, the eamo objecliun was nado ay in the Arkaneps casa : that there existed Conatl- tutions) proviatons for effecting amondments to the organiclaw in o moro summary mapuer, by & voto of the pcoplo upun propoitious mado by the Genoral Assembly, ‘Fhcre having beon pro- vided, it was said, & mode ih which amendmonts to tho Coputifution might bo offected, it wne o violation of logal annlugy to Infor & power to do substautislly the same thing in_another \ay, not authorized ospeoially by the Constisution,— tho woll-ostablished ruia bolng, it wus ssid, that expressio unius est exclusio allerius, Dat, to thip roasoning, two suswors may bomade: Firs(—1bat the rovision of tho whole, or of a large part, of & Conatitution ls putstautiolly a difforent thiug from tho proposal of whight and not numorons smondnionts to it ; and that thore Iv no violation of logel analogy whou the Con- stitution provides for duhax{ ono thiug in n ocor- tain way, to infer from that watrument o pawer to do a different thiug in a- difforent way, al- though not specitlcally authorized by the Con. etitution, espeoirlly if’ the powor inforred bo in harmony with tho splrly of our institutions, aad {n canforimity with tho genetal practico of thoxo Btaten in susllar cases, Secondly—1t hay been denied by izood legal nu. thority—snd, as I think, not ‘without sound reason—that tho magim above clted, Erpressio unlus, ote,, is spplicable to thu conwtrugtion of fundamental lavs, Darto ve, Hiwrod, 4 Bolden's R., 458 (403), per Willavd, J, Seo ulso Broowm'y Jeyat Maxims, pp. biY, Bii; nivo, Jwmeson's Constitutional'Contentlon, Boo, 21D, §90-107, It sy bo stated, furthior, upon this potnt, that, In nearly all of the twenty-six cases sbovo meu- tlonod, Including that of Arkansas, the Constitu- tfons framod by the Couvonilons thus called wors olther adopted by a vote of ihs paople, or, wlisn not submitted to the people, ware Tallfed ‘Tlso point at issue 18 one of con- | by their acquioscenca n them, notsithetanding thio niodo fu whiok the Conveutlons wora called, Auothor point upon whish I wieh to touch s, that Judgo Poland finds in the colebrated Dorr rebelhion, a quastor of o contury_awo, o parallel 0380 to this 1 Arkansas, Itls diflionlt to con. ceive that 80 onnnent a Judgo should hiava o far forgolten the facts n the Rhodo Island caws, which me fully and cloarly forth in tho case of Luther va, Martiy, voported in 7 [lowerd's U. 8, I, pagoe 1, ay to make such an & sertion, That caso, in short, was one fu which auchi of the maly cltizens of Rhodo Tefand, of 21 veara of ago and upwards, 88, by the thon oxisting chartor of the Blate, nd wo right to vote, concolving themgelves to be s mojority at all tha male citi- zaos i tho S of tunt spo, called a Conven- tion without any logal authority whatevor, which framed and submitted to tho wholo peo- nloof Rhodo Tataud, lmlui: wales, 31 yonrs of age, o new Conatitnkion, )t was adopted by a minjority of ail the poople to shom it was sub- uitted, fneluding » mejority, aa was cloimed, of the logal voters; and an ‘attompt wus 1ads by forco “to catoblieh & Btato Qovernmont under it with Thomns W. Dorr as Govein- or, Tho Ohatter Gavarnment resisted, ealled upon Dresident ‘Cyfer for sssisfanco, and, astia’nneo baing nromised, o so-callod robellion subsided. Finally tho whole question was carricd to tha Bupreme Court of the United Hiates, by appenl from the Cirenit Court of 1thode Taiand, and the Court desidad that such o modo of amonding:a State Constitutfon, by tho nction of peisond wiho wers not voters, was fllogol, T'rom thiu recital it in ovident thnt Judgo Poland no longor recolloctod, if Lo ever kuow, tbo facts of the Rthodo Island easo, whon Lo prouonnced tt paralisl to that in Arkanasns, I lavo predicted fatal yesults to follow tho oatablishmont of tho theory of Judyo Poland. Dy thnt I mean tuat tho construotion glvon by him to the Arkaugas Consiltution, ir applied to that and othor Constitutions contaling the #omo provision, of which thore are many in the United States, would provent thom from making any amendment whatover to thely Constitutlons, oxcept by tho ack of their Lepislaturea sube mitting propositions to tho people. In nearl: overy one of these provisions, it is n-q\llm]y, that an amendment sball becomo valid only attor it shall havo been acted upon favorably by two wuccemsive Legislatures, and then ba adopted by a vote of the peoplo~— & process which could nover bo con- summated in' Joss than two years, and might extond to four or fl7o yosrs, unlosa apecial sokslons, or speciz! electlons, or botl, wora bold. Thus, a8 na Couvention could be called uutil the Conatitution should huve beeu nmanded, it would follow that, in important eri- 88, ay of teboeilion or foreign war, tho peoplo of nuch Statos would bo utterly poworiesy to make such conatitutional changes, within tho {ima re- quired, a8 woro nccossary to save thom from groat Joss or utter rmu. By a Convention, on tho other hand, suel changes could bo brought about in » fow wesks, Joux A, JauEsox. Cureado, Nov. 24, 1874, PROF., SEYMOUR'S CASLE. Letter of Willinm \Welsh, Eeq., to Eishop Stovers, Xrom the Phisadelyhia Teleqravh, William Welsh hao addressed a lotior to Bisho; Btevens on the Soymour caso, of which the fol- lowing are the most imporiant passagos: 1 hiavo roceived aud earcfully examined tle Rev. Dr, Boymour's pamphlet entltied * Tho Issus of Fact.” X quoto fromm ik thesa atatements that Buhop Coze oblaincd his {vhen o vznin tls Seminary as o nistor of (ho same in the spring of 1874, for at that visitation, tho moment the fact of Fathier Giufton's Jactures was moutioued, 1 stated to Iim, n ferma 100 strong and cloar to pormit tho Dossibility of mistake, that those leiters were delivercd witlaut my kuowledge or conseit, and tiaf, 127 hiad known of {hem in tinie, I shomld’ cortaluly biavo proibited {lem.” Dishop’ Cose, in Lis letter (o ime, uted Oct, 21, 1874, enid 1 ** \When I expressol my eurprzzo to Dr. Ssymou' that & volunfest Profoseor bud boens futradineed by iim witin the walln of o Sowi- a1y, b defeuded Limeeif on the genoral ground that *thie'porson was a preabyter of tho Church.'» 1 Liavo Uio dolllerutcly-wrilton statonients of two Profassors of the Goeral Theologiczl Beminesy, made over thelr own elguntures, and duted Kew York, Nor, 2,874, Ouo of thom bad given & full and mingte de- acription of Prof, Beymour's eonduct in relation to Mr. Grufoous visih, aud T male the foliowing exisacts from uis letter in my possessio i1 do remember that Dishop Coxs, on that occasion, denying 'the propriety of admitting any clergyman wittiont due authorization_to inscrict ho students, sdd, Wiy even 1 a Bop of Wi Chureh would deem that I aliould bo violating the proprics tles of the caso If 1 should meet and Snatruct Etu- dents 10 the G.aninary without such dup anthor- {zatlon,’ or words to’ that wffest:” ogain, VI took ocession, shortly aftor receiving tho inforination, to 88y 10 thio Rav, Goorgs F, Sevmour, D. D., acting Dtan of the Seminary, tut I'lud been informed thiat Mr, Grattou had g0 Visiled'and Instracted the studenta “Ho then ropiied by malutatning hia right and his uUrpose, when oscasions Were given, to edinlt auy or- datned and rocoguized clevgyiman who might wish to visit (e students, end whots tho*stidentu might wisk tosee % 1o nleo auld thnt thoy ehould bave fra ac. cers in the Seminary bullding without regard to the theological pnsition or viows of tho clsrgymen in uestion.” * From tho whole fotior of the conversa- tlon i wa opparent that the acting Doan had kuown of Iir, Grafion’s preserce at the Seruinury and of his sisiting tha ptudcits, and ho expressly stated thnt Xir, Grafton, whilo hore, lind calied ut his Louso m tue Seminary bulldivg, cud that 1o bad seen bl pnd cone vorced wth lfin thicro,” Tyof. Soymour's wsortion, If Lo can verify it, that hie did not give his wanction, or even Lis silent atsout, to tho_inetruction given by 1o oy, dr, Grafion, whi place him, fn my judgment, i a far worss position thun A Lo 'lud sonctionsd (£ Men raroiy, u {n Prof, Soyniour’s cake, atlenpt 0 Justify thomselves for what they neitlior dfd nor eilowed to be done. Aftor Trof, Seymour fosenod thit s noted foader o a movonient st ahionld bo termod relrograding Churchmanship Tind lectitred to atidents i tio Seminnry ou two ovou- ings, on zubjocts that did not appertsin to Lis own chajr, sud Qid belong to other Prafessors, it was his dutyto muko diligent Inquiry futo the full scops of *the loctures and fustructions, and to Lriug tho studunta beforo ho Kaculty £6r roproat or cxpuision, guarding tho Sominary against s 1epatition of this qross abuso of privilegu, Aud of wronj; to thie other Profuisors, who ara slons suthorizod {0 tecture on pomo of the imyortant subjects treated of Ly Alr, Grafion, Incalt wasadded to this fujury, for ane of the Profossora tried i vom 1o Induce Prof, Beymour to realiza tha fnjustico done Lo his depatument, ‘Tise Profesior propared a cautionary lecture for the Sentor claes, auowiug tho wrong don to the lustitution and tha students vy onconruging and listenlng to voluue teer locturces, capocindly Wikes, s {n thin cate, {be tenchor bolda’ extravagant views of fmpurtant oo trines and uwges uot sanctioned by this Church, The Profeshor preparad bia address with caro, submitting it o nnotlicr Yrofeseor, snd It waa read {n the House of Doputles ut my requent, pi 1t wili be scon thut 1'rof, Soymour never inquired futo the partienlaru of 3ir. Grattoms techiugs witi sfter iy * confirmation was defeated.” Yot he wade s pusiive denful of a fact known to Bishon Coxo, Trom f0tes tuken by ome or miore of his studonts. Prof, Hoguour naw confesacs, atter reading tho notes taken by othier students, that Bz, Graftou did teach Just wlit Uishop Cozo wszerted, but ho fuiled 10 state that Mr, Grufton reported tho eara of n wonun pured of l0ck)aw by recefving tho Holy Rucharst, George enry Miins, a 1.resLylor of the Dioceso of Tituole, thus Gweais: %1 was fiivited by tho sald 3, 1, 31, “Torbert (o nicet it his roum (ko Hov. O, C, Grafion, of Boaton, who was temporardly 1 (ho City of Now York, ou bis way to or from Doston; ot 1_aceoptod tha fuvitation, and met, hesidea tho Rov, Mr. Grafton, thros or four of ny fullow-stue deulo, whiom T Luow as tho intimate frigmls of Mr. Lorbert. Theavening wai passed iu ploasant general canversation, L, SOWardA ita close, a suggestion wio made, elther by'myself ar by ung of tho students §Eobont, that, If Mr. Oiafton's wtay n New York wea Prolongud over ono Wghr, wo might bo atlowed b0 meot bin rgain the noxt evening, sud that o wonkl 1611 118 Somu iDg of the work cartiod on by swessing thiat an event Luowa 0 every tadeut fu the Sewinary wak unknown o {he man frhowy busineay it ¥aa Lo Kuow it, abows 3 fow condftion, tuth of iutelligence and morals. Tho lov. Mr, Gratton doss not sesn to congider puch an oath tproper, for by this wrolo ta me under data of Nov. i, aud sent s copy of the letter for publication in tho oxt 18500 of the' Churchman: T fiave tuken my osth that Dy, Buymonr did uot give e access to tho students, or now snything about wy bwviug uny contoranca witl ken,” 25y foolfniga wero ever tharoughly kind townrds tho Rov, Dr. Sngmotr, but duty to the Grnoral Theologia- «i Semizary and thia Chus b whoald HEL us abova tho restraining infiuouce of symputhy, On hiearly shut Prof, 8 ymour, or Ws Iriend, wns induging or llowing Semiuutiang ond rocent gradu- atea tu teatily under oath, with o view to tiie pubiice. tlon of a paniphilet, sud Lotleviug thut 1t would Joad toa Dublie gextidal ant eventasto fa tho foreibio sepuration of krof,Soymotz from the Scminnry, 1 wade tho follow- iug usrangemaut with the Jlov, Dy, onghtou: Prof. Heyinour aud o1 or niors Jutelilgent Lay 1rionds, to be ueletod by Dy, Honghton, wezo to moot e ot hfe vest tlouco on Wediierdsy evenlig, tha dth of Novembor, (0 cxamfue tho teslinuiny fu my posacssion, with tha viow of Uriuglug ouall tha faety bouring on hr, Graftow's vialt ta tho Remliiary, About 8 quarter of au hor beforo the time appointed, T recefyed a note from tho Ry, Dr. Houghton, steluy that Dy, Soymour decliued th interylow, You will thila 80, my dear Blakiop, (it T {ried hard 10 provent this DKW exposure ot {ha result of mal- aduinfetration {0 the Sewminary, 1€ £ coulil have a conforence with - Dishop Coxe, tho exposure would be more ihorough, bub I have uvt had iy eommunlea- tion with Lim sihiea T iefk New York, aud 1 do not kuow whero b now e, Tt s duo to hins, however, fo stato thut bia Jaw susd, from th first, * tiiut o liad naotting to explain, uOMLIng 10 corroborate ; ho bud very un- wiilingly given o aimelo uud beiof Satemout of ‘wht o bodeved 10 Lo tho fact, uud L doubied Bot every sttempt. to refute it would briog out much mors thun ought fo Lo kuown,” I have addresecd Dhis letter to Yo as my diocessil, 10 the expootution thxt you will vonfer with wonio of' your follow.Biwhops, snd, if pos- aille, {nduce Dr, Seniour (0 resign Liu Frofesparship, Yours, vouy siucercly, Wintias Weeam, s SRR oy —1Tt has been docidod that the Grand Trnk Company sre to build their now paesouger uto- tiou in Montreal at Bovaventuro stvoot, and their frefght depot st Polut 8t. Charlea, Thin noougsltntoa the building of a tunuel nnder tho Luching Canol, at Wsllington stzeet, ko ad to whorton the distanco, ‘Culy tho oity will proba- bly do, at & cast of. £120,000, baside glving tho Compnny considerablo Isud, Tho Qompany pro- poae wpending nasely 1,000,000 fu tho imprave~ nionts Lo thab eity. OVEMBER 28, 1874--TWELVE PA STATE EDUCATION. Hoerbert Spencer's Fosition on State Education. President Ellot's Report on a Ka- tional University, Are They Right or Wrong ? BIonIaAN Univenerry, Nov, 23, 1874, To the Editor of T Chicano Tribune: Sin: Laet July, Presldent Eliot, of Harvard, mado s reporton a Nationa! Univeraity, This report wan made to the Natfonn! Edueation As- soclation, then holding its maoting at Eimira, N. Y. Wo confess to somowhat of s nurpriso at cortain positiona therelu taken, in roforenco to State cducation. Woare thoronghly consiuced that somo of the opinions which Dr, Ellot saw fit {o exprees aro wnsound, and 10 dircet opposi- ;Inn to Amotican thought on this important aub« oot ) But, beforo raloring fucther to this report, wo dosire to oxamine first Spancer'a ponition on this Yory guestion, SPENCER'S POSITION O STATE TDUCATION. Herbort Spencer, in Bocinl Statics, takes tho vere advanced ground that tuo State hea no it hito aducate. e arrives at thia conclusion in o manner probably very entistaciory to him. solf, though wo doubt whother it will be oqually satlafactory to the people, ile ways, ** Inasmuch as tho taking awny, by Govornmaont, of moro of & naw's propoerty than is noedful for maintaining his rights, is an in- fringoment of his rights, snd thereforo n re- vergal of the Governmont’s function toward him; and fnanmuch an the talingaway of hin property to ctluesto his own or othor neople's ehildren, is uot needful for the maintaining of his rights,— the taking sway of his property for much & pur- poso is wrong,” and thoreforo the State has no right to educate, Nosw, to Mr. Horbert Sponcor's eensitively- philosophical mind. this may ba very floe nnd very conclustve, But, with a1l dofercnce to liim, we donbt whotlior tho American paoplo. who hinve 20 long reaped the penofits of the Publie- Behool system, will bs ready to surrender their preconceived opiniong, fall into Jine, and ohey s dictum in rospoct to thia queation of whather {ho State phould educato or not. Mr. Spencor may bo right, and the American peapla too {utensely practical to bo influenced, by & mero tecunical “right” and *wrong.” They may not Lave roached as yet that high moral elevation fram which the English phitosa- pher and economist takes in hin view of Nature and of Govornment. TFor our part, we hope they have not reachsd It nnd may naver reach it. Wohavano desiro to look over into that promised Jand whero his flno.npun theorioa and so-called logiea} doductions aa to the nature and sighta of Govornmout, ghall have a practical ap- plication. We prizo “oo highly life, liberty, and tho pursnit of happiness, ta throw oursclven iato the nrms of au irnorant rabble, under ihe protection of a chaolis State, Tor wo sre in- clined to beliove that TUE AMEMGAN PROPLE ANE DIGIT, and he wroug, and that hin ideas of ihe nature of_Government are radically dofoctivo, Wo diffar with bim when he savs that educa-~ ton {8 not necoesnary to tho citizen for the main- tenance of Lis riphte. We ara sufficioutly con- sarvative to beliove that oducation ia necosssry £0 o community in order that thov may be able to undorstaud fully whs! thoir real ricatea-o, and thua be prepared to maintain them. Tor we confasa that we do not sao haw the fact is to bo avoided, that it is firdt necessary to know what your real rights aro in order to maintain them, and that tho teachinga of hirtory show you mast cloarly what snfoguarde must ho thrown aronnd them for their propor: maintanance and protec- tlon. That it i4 nst_sate, or proper, to loave tho %noaflon of detormining what are tho rights of cltizons, with tho Government dz fure, is shown by the history of all nations, and tho very nature of Govornment fiaeif. St mnst Lo loft With the citizenn s8 tho Qoveinmant de facto, ‘Tho ignorsncaof the negro, of tha Amarican Indian, of the Inite during tho 1idelo Ages, and of many of the Orientsl peoples, ehow canclu- slvoly that the ignorance of s pooplo not ouly invites, but make nocessnry, the most abject slavery imaginable, This is eudured to tho point of desperation, and Lhen comces ravolution, and heir laae utato is genorally worso than their firgt, Like 8partacus aud tha gladiators, thoy * take arms anaivst & ses of trouble, sud, by opposing, ond " themnelvos, Mr, Spencor lias only to lookaoroes tha English Channel to discover with what admirablo aeffect an iguarant, priesi-ridden, and superstitions peo« plo enjoy their righth when thoy are allowed to oxerciss them, sud how ascon thoir ability ta maintain them pacses away. If that fa not enough, let him seudy thae history of 8pain dur- {og the lasc 200 yeara, 8poacer's argumen! CARBIED TO 118 FULL, LOAICAL CONCLUSION, prevonta the crection of poor-houscs and hom ©f refupe, the adoption af wanitary regulations, and the paving of publio atresta, If enforced in practics, i, would have pravonted thoe digzing of the Erio Canal, and the building tho Paclic 0 1s it too much to say that wo doubtif the ‘people aro propared to admic tho valdity of tho nrgument 7 *1Wo hold,” saya Macaulay, * that whoover has tho right to hany hea tho right to eduocate,” and go bold the great majority of the peoplo of tlue country, And tha public schoals and Stete inutitutiona of learning will probably continue to oxist, social atatics to the cunrary notwith- stouding | : As #oop 88 the quostion, whether oducation Is neceasary to the citizon for tho malntenance of his rights, ia settled, tho otbar question, of whothier the State shauld educate uusht also to bo considered ns seitled. Micligan University, now o leading (nstitution in the country, Las, in its sncecesful career, demonstrutod the fact Lhot the Stato can educata, aud sucecsnfully. How far this education should bo carried, is another question, It of courso remainn with the people to datermine whothor education by doy- siument slisll atap with the Publio Schools, or bo earried forweed by Stato and Nutionnl inatitu- tions, if they sball'thiok that tha safety of the citizen and the wtorosty of good government are proportionately mcreased by an advauce in edu- eation, It {s their duty to soe that the necessury opportunitios forsuch an educatlion ave within tho reach of ail. IRENIDENT ELIOT'S REFOTT denls wilh tho question, and we wish to rofer to it, convinced as we aroc thatit le itconsistent and upsound, If ba had merely taken tho posi- tion that a National Univeusity, fo be conducted uuder supervsion of Govornment, wan fuprace ticable, wo should have sgroed with him, = Lot that bo Toft with the State Govoramouts. Dut fin was not ealisfied with this, and be goes on to phow that tho Govormment should not oducate, Docnuge it {8 cantrary to the natoro of Goveiu ment, or, as ho expressod il, cont o the “goneoption of Govorument,” and ‘because » Govornmont in not the guardian of tho Na- tion's mo1als, aud doon uot necessarily rapresout tho best virtus of tho Republic, and is not re- #y:ousible for tho National charactor;" aund, fars ther, becauno the *“arguments tending to pore sundo us that Gavernmout should dirnct any pars of sconlar education " apply ** with much greator fosce to the conduct by Gaverument of the religions cdueation of tho puople.” 1fthis Is tyue, why doos it uot apply with equal foreo to the conducy by Govornmont of Publig Holiools and Academies ? Yet, m this very report, lie goss out of Lis way to support them, and onlogize Mossachusoetts, “Ile nays: ¥ Lot us oling faet to tho gonuire Amarican wothod—the old Alnsanchusotid method—in the matter of public ineteuction. Tho essontinl fontures.of that systom aro: local taxou for universnl ole~ meutary odueation, valed by tho citizena thom- rotves ; looal Electiva Boards tospend iho money raised by taxation and coutrol 1he sehools ; and, for the bigher grades of fnstruction, permaneut endowments adinimetored by Licorporated bodios of Truatees.” Now, we submit that ho (s inconsistant in all this, The peiuciplo involved in Publio-Sebool oducation 18 tise same that {8 fuvolyod fn Btate ouueation, Moroover, Prosidont Ellot is very much mis- talion whon ho saye that tho arguments in favoy of accular oducation by Guyoinment apply with wmueh groater furco to feligions education by Gavernmoent, In tho one casp, Uovernment takos churge of o man's conuciouce, and, in tho othor, it auea not ; und wo subnut whether this in not a groat differenco, making null as onco the argutnont {u favor of religiouy edueation by the Stute, And, besdes, it 18 not uecevsuy for o nan o becomo sollgious In ordor to be & good citizon, knowlog fully tho natira of Lls own rlghts, and bow (o maintein thew, Give hlina liberal sducation, aud take away eutiroly tho Bitile and rvealed religion, and. thon, 1fke Plato and Arintot'o, lio can still renson out for bitmooll a high marality, and, llke Socratas, comprehomd sthiut makes the good cltizon as well as tho good man. David lume wan no worse A oltizon becauss ho doubted end dis- bohovad, and it may ba questioned whether Tobesplorre, *that eentimental mur- derer, who, 76 a fudge, was too consetentious to hang o crlminal, but suficlently unacrupuloun to dentroy n King,” was any hettor citizen for hav- ing beon ednoated undor tho supervivjon of the Bishop of Arras; while Catherino do Medicls could not posnibly have bosn more unprinelpled, ciuol, and licontious, hind shio boon completely wgnorant of all {ho teachings of Cnihollcistu. And, ir it s objeotod that aducation does nob necessatilv mako n&'nml citizon, auy moie then roligion dooes, wa do not denv tt.Por we olaim that this is all I'omli:]n to the nubjact,—tho su- premo aim of education, conducted by & Free Government, balng to furnish the pooplo with thio means of PINDING OUT TAEIR TAUR R1GKTS, and how to maintain them. But Drepidont Lllor would hava us beliava that 1 {8 not sefo lo leavo this to Governmont, and elten the condition of tha peaple of China, whoso educstion is under thosupervislonof Gov- ernment, To onr mind, 10 moro absurd argu- ment conld bo ndduced agamat educarion in this country than the ono roferred to. 'Fho porition of the Isyo couplries tanok mora dircetly antip- adal, the one to the other. than tho futarests of thelr two Governmonia in reavect to edncation. Tha Governmont of China {a n despotic mon- archy, and the Emporor possesres uulimited power. The intorcrla of his Covernment do uot connlet in il hickest cducation of the noo- plo. Edueation is thoratore restiictad, and car- tiod on in thn interest of the Emperor. Sech ls tho eago in oll tho despotisms stratehing across Awla, from the Fuxloo to tho Pacific. Asa consonuaenoo of thiy ignorance, tho lifo, rights, and proporty aof tho subjecty nro continually nac~ rificed to tho ecaprice of the rnlor. But, in thin country, the care 18 different. In all Govornmonts liko ours, their Intorosta nre sorved by tho hivhest and bost_editenljon of tha poople, and one frea from all rostrictions of Govornment by the pooplo hes failed in the pant, and if+it shall fall in tho futurs, it will fail be- ¢nso tho poaple srers nos preparod by ednention for its proper adminlatration, Tho rapubllen of Spain and Fragco bavo alrsady maintainod them- relvea longer than wo dared to expoct ; and the enuns of onr fears was tho ignorance and supor- stition of their peoples, That Belf-Government ia the best form of Govornment, as well as the one naturally fol- lowing from tho fact thatall mon arn creatod freo aud equal, to onr mind ndmits of not a sin- rlo donht. ‘That such o Government must de- pond for {ts maintenance npan the higheet in- tollipenco of tho mnasesn, f8 oqualiv clear from the naturo of things and the tenchinra of hintnrv. Edward Everatt, in an ad-lreas before the Tit- erary Snoietics of Amborst Oolloge, in 1895, said : +* Tha degren of foren raquired to hold o popila~ tion in eubjectisn, othor thingo belng equal, Is in dircet ratio o its fotolliecnes and ukill ; ftu acqualntanco with the arts of lifo ; ita vonao cf the worth of existenco,” And that far. sighted and clsar-hoaded oronomist of France, Da’ Tacquos ville, in his ¢ Domocracy in Amorica,” Rave that ¢ It cannot bo doubted ihat, in the Unit~d Statar, tho inatruction of tho panpls powerfully cm‘:tlgib\’ma to tho supporiof » Demoaoratic Re- public,” Theno are some of the facts which irvesistibly load to tho conclusion that the Biato S)OULD GUARD THE EDUCATION of its neople. © Wo c1unot think that Spencor, or ovap Prosident Eliot, is right. Educstion is tho corner-atono of free institutions, rod nwpon it only can thov stand. Tho storms of rovoiution MRy Kwoop azainet ir. but it will not fall, Its foundations wero Inid i the principlo of “Intol. ligenco, which means tho principlo of equality : au equality of intorents, an equalitv of rights, At waronco the proud bosst of England's haughtv sonn that the sun novor sof upon thelr poswes- #ions, and thelr drum-beat encircled the world. Trondor still ahould be the boast of “Enelani's nons™ that thev founded hero, in e Now World, a Republio bxgad upon lntullffencu and equality, whosa influenca bad diffased itselt through all the nations of the earth. The princinle of intel- ligenco {8 superior to the principlo of forca ; it survives the ‘*wreck of matter and crash of worlds,” Lt not, thon, the Amotican systom of education be nbandoned. _Rathor lot it over bo chorished and fostored. Let it bo kep free from all secta and cresdo. U'ne lue oannot bo_drawn too sharply between Churel and State. Lot the State diffuro intelligence, and intollizence will prosorvo the Oburch, Of Christianity Corlyle eaya, "It {8 & hoight to which the hinman apacics woro fated to attain, and from wbhich, havieg anca attained it, thoy can nover ratrograd, B e it REPRESENTATION OF MINORITIES. Lounany, I, Nov. 26, 1874, T the Editor of The Chicago Tribune : Bm; In your very timoly article of Nov. 24, on “Minority Ropresentation,” I think you con- cedod moro than was necessary to the opponents of the systom in your figures on tho Fourteonth Distriot. Ton admit that, in this caso, there wera two Demoeratic mombers chosen under the “Minority Plan” whors thros Republicans would Love boon elected under the *O)d Plan;” while the reverse is tho cass. Io the Tourtoonth, as in sovontoen other distriota in the State, wo owo the only Iopublican Tepresonta- tiva wa have to the systom of * Cumulative Voting.” Lot ua lack at tho official returns for Assemblymen: Thora wera throe tiokets in the fleld, ench with two candidates : the Domooratie Republican, avd Indepondents, or Grangora. TFor, though Herrington and Frodonbagen wore nominated by differont Conventions,—the one to draw the German vote, and the other the rail- voad interost,—yeb they wore recognizod by alf partios an dividing the snme class of votes bo- tweou them. And the returns show that the voto of tho distriot stands as follows, viz.: Voles, Two Democratic candidates, eumulated, ..lg.g\gx Twa ltesmbfll!nn candidates, enmudates A ‘Cwo Iudependent caudidates, oumulatod, 4,165 Total., . cerbeiesearesr 20,812 Under tho old systom, each party would bave nominated threo candldates, and the above vote, divided Dy throe, shows the voto that would Bave been caat for each of tho candidates, no deduction belog made for scratehing, viz.: Wt er, Domoeratic candidates, cach, Mepullican caudidatos, sich. Indepeadont candidutes, eack, Total sereann vesnane s TS and wo should have e instead of fico Deno- cratio Roprosentalivea from thin * TRovublican ' district. 'U'hus your second column should read 51 Repoblicsun sud 103 Democratn aud Indo- pontlents—Upposition—as tha resuls of our re- cunt election {f conductod under tho former law, Btrango things bappened i tho old days, &8 well s in theso now tinjes, and it will not do ta bns. tily attribute uncexpoctod results to tho * Minori- ty" systemn in puctt a whirlwind as that of Nov. ¥, 1874 'fhore is . @ cheposition among some of the legislatora cloct to load our roverses on o tho * Cumulative Voting," and ‘moveu aro alroady mada towards yeouriug i ** re~ peal™ of tho to them obnoxinus soctions of the Constitution; but the szuum is altogether tao new to fully show whut its tino effoct on cur oleetions will bo. In the elaciions of 1874 but o portion of the clactors uuders.ood 18 worsing, aud 100 maoy othoer olements enteved into that of 1874 to hnvo the rerulls & eatisfactory tost of * Universlty Ropresentstion,” Only thus nmeh s cstablisted by tho oloctions thus far, vis, : that it will jutreduce many now foatures juto our political canvassos which its authuis 100y or may not bave anticipate, Lot tho uystom staud until we have thoronghly teeted 1t, aud not bastily condemn a principio frem whlch its suthors hoped so much. —_— An Awkwird Mistalce, Lrom the Adrian (i) Press. Tho following vory singuler vcoutrences tools vlaco at Flint und Mount dorrts suuuitaucously on s recont date, tho truth of which is woll vouched for: U'wo porsons, ons & wiate mon, tho othior & negra, died at points distant from their homes ; the bodies were forwarded to thew fricnds, and tho coflius in the ecowwe of their tranait oao abonrd the same traip, whones thoy wero delivered ab tho respective atatlons. The funeraly at each placo weroin waiting § tho col- otod poopls recaivod tho body of thoir falfen vrothor, and the mournors sadly followad it to tha chureh, whera thoy listencd to o patboiie dircourso, When the wpeakor had concluded L geron, (ho oofiln waa oponed, and, horror of liorvmal tho eable Afriean was found to be blonchod out perfectly whito. The ahort erlep balr bhad given phca fo tho loug mngm lookrs of the Anglo-Baxon, the features werg Buropean sud tho geneial rembjnuce waw that of o full-blooded whito mun. ‘Che con- staination, horsor, and suporahition of the diu- treavod mournors sud fricnds of the dopartod colored man wera boundioss, a8 thoy pased with awmazed countennncos upou the faco of tho dead, 8, suddeuly and unuceonntably motamorplion ivto that of & white man, That was at IFliut. As soon &b ronson could ansort fts sway, ib be- ident (Lt thore must ho a misiake same- d thut the vight e Ld Aoehivw ot off at the wrong atation, and tho COTpES Wasn tme modiately hoxed up again aud oarriod bask to tho depot, wnora 1t way ascertained that it the time of tho delivory of the eofiln to tho oolored wnouruers there wois two cofiing on bosrd, and tho vorpres had merely beon exchauged, Ab Mouut Motrin a seone wau enaoting similar to that doaeribed a Fliut; at thocloso of tha soryices tho mournors gazed wlh agonized foaturon wpon tho borrible svecinclo bafora thom, In the cof- 1lu lay, not the form of tho toved friend whoso funoral worvices Lind thus far boon porfarmod, but that of & stalware nogrol Tho fegliags of tho nfiloted relntlons auvd frionds can bo botter nungived than described, Mattors, Lowover, suon bocamo undoiutood, and a tolographia dis. patch vag received from the maunging oilicor of tho Flint & Poro Marquetto Railway oxplaining thioge. Tho corpaos woro exchanged, end rape saronilativos of both nationalitios Sanlly had e satlufaccion of receiving thelr own dend for ju- tormout, 'Lho apparout foa; ful diseolorscion of tho whito, and the unaccountablo bloaching-out of the colored mou, was ow uu longor ¢ mystos ry, and tho friends were relioved o? 91y Kuper- stitious anxloty thnd micht have sttenled the eroumatance. Tho baggngo-man, whory yeong bLlundor in Lthe delivery oceasioned the dilllulty, was promptly discuargzol. TiE ELECTIONS ARD THE KLGRO. A Colorcd Man’s Opinion of the Causes B the Roesulty of the Bofeut of the Republican Partys 3Ir. Georgo T, Downlog has written to & nows- poper tocently ostablished in Riohmond, Va., fa iho Jutorest of tha colored paople, a lubtar which is of especin) Intorest from the fact that i cou~ tains the visws of aloudig colorod man a8 to tho rocent political chaugos'n this councry, I¢ 13 23 follows ¢ To the Edltar of the Rickmand Recters W 08 4 olasy aro peculinrly itucted, Weare a mis norlty, Wa aro ywor uud uneducated; wo aro not, Lowaever, vold of il iutel.igency and means. As a cone sequence of our dogendente, wa aro subjects of Ut rago. Lut, wilh tho politleal powors wes can wield ; with those wa cen dopend on fn an fesue favolving 3 priveiplo ; with facliftien at our dosrs to becainp waslthy aud educated ; with othora dividad futo putiios on vurioua fssucs to ua subordiite (1ot tha: we muat bo clannish on tha ground of ncce, f wo will meo faco f0face 55 an Opprevied mibostty slionld, and bo williug toatd whoever wili do wout i securing our rights, aating our baltols g0 that oy way e moat otectively %'he_whi'e Soulborner is no mors hoallle to tha eolorad Southoruer than is the Northuwyuor, In fact 18 former feels closer 10 you, Thoro ia wprs blecd relation. Plantatjon and diler Intimacies Lave been closer and_ birs fasliug, Wi tho e your nuighlors, prova sourseil’ entftisd to roapest, dem: it, 404 1t il Do’ socorded. ta- you, A for pusiih aud houors, time will set fhem right. Old arpers aud fuvidious divcriminating linea Wil fade aut, Wi you slisll havo your Whes sud sour Mahonsa—se fou A, our color will bo » sutordinate couslderstivt, 1 xm tenpied to rofer to tho Lato elestion, I beliove thit under God nll thiugs will work togethcr for gaod, Of canrao [ racoguisn the uecossity of Liman lustru~ menta fifes, Tue faudamental principlen or ruler efecting tho izt of tha cltizen, the colored mun i ), Are Betfied, It s tho universxl praotieal reeqgnition of tnanme we linvo to strngglo for, e Iho recent dufeat of thuRepublican party 13 to be aceounted for fu & manuer that tako frum it Lea sting, ntlaast us far a8 tho colorod men iy concernad, {howa who voted nre intelligent reading pecaons, thay Xuow that the fues and cries put forih i the' cau- aas shoutd b lald, properly, no morasd the door af the Rapublican thad st tho dbor of ony other party: that indtviduals of vsch party supposted tho so-calied objectiunable policies,—~1 refer to back pay, Credit Mubiifot, expausion, contracifon, aud thie ke, Mom- Lers of Uotiy parties aro recorded as favaring eash of thesa projocta, It is true an attempt kas Locn made 0 muuch of what was called an undue iuterfor- cuce with Htates. But whatever wrong way bo ro~ forred to iu Ui direclion s chargeabis upon incl vidualx rathier than npon the Republican p.aty. It i 1ot upon tie policy cf tho party that any such objece t{on muay lay.” It fa constitutional and juitto protect tho civil righis of & citizon. “Tug priucipal canso of tho unexpected defeat in tha late eloction was this, Tho poor, the labunny class, tle mass, who bave been idle, wlio have een Loping for sowathing, who have uuder dissppointment been desporate, obtudned the impression thut Cougress canid rellove them and did not, Ido not think it could, Tuis {mprossion waa uzsd Ly the *oute” 1! wis, ium; Judguient, unfostinate that Congreus dabilod'ln the Inatéor. It will hiave to bs regulated maioly ontside of Congross. o must arrive ag a natural baro as soun a9 practicable, Our present fnanclal dimcultl liava (o bo éndured somo day, Theyaro th of tho war aud attending cirumstances, ‘The J: uccess must not bs regarded 83 denuncis- tory of the Itepublican ,party for dafsnding the colored man s & cillzon, Mussachuseits did nok eloct & Democratia Governce for any auch purposo. The Democratic pasty had {0 sonie oxteut tiie ald of the colored voie; it will dealre to retuln thoss who woted with 8 and win more, It will not be politio to zepel ; it will not outrago, 1t will bave the contral of thauoxt Eloura of Represontatives, but will have in mind thot thers i s Presidontinl csnvass befors it, Bliould it beed tie Dourbon spirit exhiliting iteoll in the Sousl, it would arouso in the land » piolitical hur- ricans that would make, comparatively, the gushing winde of tho antlaleyery eworm o it but gentls zephyrs, 1t has not the Inferest to outrago us that Lme pelled (¢ when slavery was king. GEo. T. DowaDia, x Nawzosz, R. §, Nov. 17, 1k PLEASANT ITEMS. The **honor” of a student at Bonn was gatis. flod the othor dlz srhen a part of his amplo car foll noder tho blade. of & young American he liad chsllanged. ~—A vigorous ude of tho ssat-board saved an Indfana family from tho faugs of an hitherto uue koown witd anims! that wanted to ride in the #amo wagan with thom, —The mont Unpopular offictal in Canads s Shorifr who advertised that a bauging would texe Isce at 13 o'clock, and dissppointad the crowd Ky Legiuning tha choking at 8, —An oxcursion party from Toxas, every maa ‘of whom carrias soaled orders to bring baok sn omigrant or perish, 18 now scouring the couatry botweon Louisville and Atlanta, —The janttor of an Indiavapolis medical col~ lege was decply affooted on recoguizing his brothor-in-law on the digaccting-table, His griet wap the moro poiguant from the fzot that ke had h}msul'f carriod thostolon corpso up threa dights of gtairs, —Tha wife of = certain notorioun sjiowman of Naw Yorlr, who was once a poor gir), now woars, g aro told, wix dumond ringa oo one Leud, A woman of purao taste nover fills bor fugors with rings. Sho is content for the world to kuoir thab obe has the moans for suoh vwgar dizplay, but not the tasto, 3 —The Binghamton (N. ¥.) Tines prinis a capy of an onigiual lettor of Prerdent Lincoln, pow In the posagusion of tho Ifon. Houry Aygatt, of Oxford, to whom it wae given by tho contldontial clerl of tho Socrotary of War, noon after it svay written, L ronds ss followa : Exrourive Mansion, Wasnuxaron, Nov. 11, 1861, Ths flon, Secraiury af War : ? 3t 81 ‘Jorsonally wis Trcoh T, Freer, ot New Jeraey, to Le appolnted s Colouel fox ‘a eclotod Toghmont, aud this regardles of whetlier ha can tell 1l oxact’ aliade of Juliue Casar's Lair, Yours, truly, 4. LyeoLy, —Dritieh cant and rospectability are alwaya montioned in Britiab buncombo as much sbove the roughnoss and drunkeuness of Americzn politictaus, This dohghtful theory must hove rrouiced a graat shook nmidat the guntry of {ho ‘Dominion lust Thureday vight. No 1oss & per- ronage than the Minlsler of Justics of tha Da- wiion was che principal and Loro of s disginee- I} drunken row in a lower town saloon a% QOctawa. This wortby was accompanjed by a M. Frochutts, a membor of Parhament, Tho lund- lord receivod & cut ou thosids of the hoad with » bottle, and was resoned with great troubla by tho eltizens, who wera called into the place by the criea of “Murder! Tolp!” Al thus be- canse the drunken Minlster refused to puy tha bil.—New York Commercial Adverhiser, —Tho aprronching publication of the memoira of I'tince Tallesreud was anvonuced the other day, but it appears that tho reading publis Is not (0 bo gratified with a right of themn for twenty- two yems yot to come, vwing toa x:bmpncum\du with hio Iale Majesty Xupolanu I This astute soveroigy, deslring some eight years ngo to know what thedo momoirs contained, raguestesd that » portion of the mavusoript should ta sous to bhm for perusal. This wa accordingly douv, and tho Emgoeror discoverod thup the memoiss were jn flagraut disaccord with tho Momorial of 8t, Nolena, a fact which was exceedingly nnuoys iug to him. o wont, taerefors, for thy Baron Charles do Talleyrand, g)andson of the Difueo, and roguested him to interioro Witk the Vileucuy fannly, who wara Prince Talleyvand's lieiry, iu order to obtaln a further dolay in thi publication. It wau theiefor accided upon thut, iu weeordances witl tho wishes of the Emporor tho momoirs shou!d uot appear Ll stter aucthot l)w\ pougment of thirty yoara, Ab this took placs n 1600, \wo have of couran twenty-two wmave yeart to wait hofoio wa can gob & elimpse Of thess in terouting rovelatlons. It woa in rosurn for thi coucension o tho patt of tbe Valencay faauly that Nupoleon 111, caused tho titlo of Dukie dt Moutmoreney to ba rovived to fuvor of tho koo oud won of that Lhouss,—Fhiladelphia Press A LOVE-SONG. Tifa ta mever brightor Than whon Love & Love In the Eae Bpseud for Joyous years 14 grows ever twester 2 Bill a3 Luvo accondi— i ‘Wuilo our heurts bo1r, O may Love swosd’ Buine ou us, my tricuds, Lifo s never sadder, Than wheu Lovo de Down in the West, 1ic Bk Lrow eauphy ke s * o