Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 27, 1874, Page 4

'4 9 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. 1874, TMATEA OF flv“!fl““‘"(l’!;“ (B!'ATIA‘\LI . 812,00 | Sunde Pl g et S 00 | Siek Partaof n yoar at tho sama rato, To pravent dolay and mlatakes, ha sure and give Post. OfMico addross in full, including Btato and County, ‘Temittancormay bamado ithoe by dratt, cxpross, Post~ Oflico ordor, or in regiatered lottors, at our risk, TERMS TO CITY SUNSCRINERS, Dally, dotisored, Sunday excepted, 21 conta por woekc. Dally, deliyored, Bunday included, 30 conts por wook, Addon 'TIE TRINURE COMPANY, Comaes Madison and Deachorn.sta., Chicago, Tl To-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS, RS THEATRE—Madizon streot, betweon DR Gtato, "+ Joanie Doane. RA-OUSE—Clark _stroot, gpnosita s.gfl.fi.;:?mo-s.“ oy SRttt Mghed Duteh 8. ACADEMY OF M ison and Mopros, I ** Joalousy 8 istod atreet, atwosn Mad- ugomont of Mes, ¥o 8, Ohanfraus JIOOLEY'S THEATRE~Raudolph stroat, betweon Clark and LaSallo, ** Divorco,” MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE—Monron sfreat, betwcen Siato and Desrborn. . Erengomontt Narsy Lindon. *¥Artbur's Gicl of thae Porlod,” "SOCIETY MEETINGS. N TODGE, No, 310, A. . and A, Mo O ontior (NS riday’ overiag, "t 13 'cluck, for business of hinportance, All members aro avostod tabopresauts Byamior ' i onv . The Chicags Tiibune, Friday Morning, Novembor 327, 1874, Archbishop Bayley has made another deliv- crance on the Gladstone pamphlet, Thisone whas in o sgrmon preachied yesterday at Jersey City. To judge from the press dispatches, it is something of an improvement in tone upon the letter lately published, but it is not what we should enll a erushing, or ovon a pressing, answer to Gladstone, Vice-President Wilson will probably preside in the Senate during the winter. Ho has acted in this capacity only a few dnys sinco lhiis term of offica began, being advised by his physicians to avoid excitement and hard work. His appearance in the chair of the Senato will thereforo be o bulletin of his restoration to health, ab which, we aro sure, good men of both political parties will re- joice, Wo reprint a description of a recent whip- ping sceno in Delaware which will go far to disgust the most stronuous advocates of this method of punishment for minor offenses, If tho object of whipping is to disgrace tho offender, opportunity must be given to every one to havea full view of tho operation ; and if the effect of such o privilege is o bru- talize the spectators in the manner described in the newspapers, tho system works ten- fold more harm than good. At the present writing the jury in the Washington safe-burglary case has not agreed upon averdiet. The supposed division is ten for ncquittal and two for conviction. If the evidenco beforo the jury is not very different from that before the public, the ten men who are convineced of Harrington's and Nettle- ship's innocence must have listened to per- suasive reasoning not recognized by the law, orelso they are incapnble of counting into double numbers. The rcports of the pro- ceedings in the jury-room correspond well with the farcicnl scenes in tho court-room, where a burlesque of justice was only prevented by the intervention of the presid. ing Judge. The iron manufacturers in Western Penn. sylvania and Northern Ohio have decided to close their mills altogether until there is some improvement in the market. The East- ern manufacturers will still keep some fur- naces in blast, but they also have agreed to reduce production very maierially, Thou- sand of Inborers, in the shops and the mines, will be thrown out of employment by this action, Thoy ought not to be forgotten, in the holidny season, by thoso who have ecither money or clothing to spare, It will be seen that the remedy for the depression of the iron-trade is a bhard one, 'Wo do not see, however, but that it is neccessary. It must, of course, bo effectual in the end. TPeople who may have fondly imagined that the late wedding in Chicago was something grapd will let down their opinions a peg or two on rendilig the reporters’ story of Miss Sharon's wedding, published this morning, Miss Sharon's papa is a Golden Dustuwnn, much wealthior and mora generous than the lamented Boflin, When Missy gol married her papa gave ber n million dollars out- right. She can eat of gold plates ov- ery day of her life, and spin them out of the window when she gets through, if she likes. Sho has another sourco of ex- quisite enjoyment. Tho ‘chandeliors in lier father's house are three times more espensive than the ono in Mr. Honore's house, and there are ever so many of them,—all of which raust be n great comfort to one just begining mmried lifo, to be sure. But the story is too marvelous for repetition. It tells itself well in another column, The best of it is, we sup- pose, that Missy hersclf is as good as gold, The work of purging the Federal offices in the South is being prosecuted vigorously, aud perhaps too hastily, Tho removals of Post- masters in Texas were undonbtedly wiscly made, and in some other instances grent changes for the better Lave been brought about. DBut there scems to be a purposo to clean out the whole Federal establishment, from Golveston to Newbern, without making sure of the descrts of the in- cumbents; and in the process some mistakes are likely to bo committed. This morning, for instanco, it i reported that the removal of Marshal Manly, of Alabama, is decided upon. Marshal Healy is a resident of Chicago. o was in this city some months ago, and nat that time expressod, and gavo evidenco of, the most devoted loyalty ta the Republican party. Yot tho charge ngainst Lim now is lukewarmness to the party, and fear of socinl ostracism, Proper investiga. tion will doubtless show that an enemy has inventad this accusation, Moo great eaution cannot bo exercised in tho removal of the officials nt the South; for to be removed under the present civoumstances is almost to bo disgraced, whns tho elder Cato— once began an address to a hungry people with the aphorism: * It is hard thing, my friends, to spenk to the stomnch, beenuse it hath 1o eava,” Such must have been the ox- periance yestordny of thoe preachers, in and out of the pulpit. There were many people in Chicago and the other great cities who had no thanksgiving, cither beeauso they had not tho menns or tho occasion of giving thanks in the manner to which they have beon nce costomed, The prenchars would tell them, porhaps, that thoy mny slweys pray. So JTHE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 297, 1874, they may, and ng well any otlier timo as onn Thanksgiving Day, * Pray ond fast, pray and fast,” ia a hard saying; who shall heed it? It must bo sald, with all this, that the observanco of 'Thauksglving yesterdny was gonernl and henrty. .Somo of the churohes in ench donomination in this city were open, unjon services being hold in many of them for the nccommodation of two or moro con- gregations, 'Tho sermons, of which we give mauy specimens, nbounded in things now and old, felicitous and thoughtful. But tho most boautiful Thanksgiving, aftor all, was celo- brated about the dinnor-tables. Without ikt fenture of tho day, tho sormons were ompty sounds, signifying nothing. COMMERCIAL INTEGRITY, The action of Judge Willinms, of the Cir- ouit Court, in tho mattor of the Board of Trado and W, N. Sturges, took tho publio by surprise ; nnd, while nobody will soriously question tho integrity of the Court or dis- puto Lig nuthority to grant the tomporary injunction, they do protest ngainst tho stato of $ho law, or such reckless applications of it, which pormits the prerogatives of the Courts to bo abused. Tho Board of Trade of Chicago is a most important corporation, chartered by tho State, Tho mombership is voluntary. The Boardis authorized to proseribo by rules the terms upon which members may be admitted, and upon which they mny be allowed to act as mombers, It is nuthorized to establish regulations for the government and pre- geribe tho rules of doing business on 'Change; and, of necessity, is nuthorized to enforco thoso rules by ponaltics, by sus- pension and by expulsion. Tho rules of tho Bonrd have, so far as tho members aro con- cerned, all the force of statute law, Tho courts of the land have no jurisdiction over tho nctions of the Board, save whero such action contravenes the rules of the Board or violates the chartor of tho corporation. Under tho rulesof the Board Mr. Sturges was charged with certain acts of *‘uncommercial conduct”; and tho question whether he should be expelled therefor was submitted, as required by the rulesof the Board, to the voto by ballot of all the members. Pending this vote, and when the polls were about to close, Judgo Willinms, on the application of Mr. Sturges, issued an injunction prohibiting any further progress of the voto or any action thercon, Here tho matter stands, and Mr, Sturges continues a member of the Bonrd of Trado until the matter is finnlly disposed of by the civil courls, We supposo that if the OCircuit Court should dissolve the temporary injunction and refuse n porma. nent one, the cnso can be appenled to the Supreme Court, whero it may be renclicd a year or two hence. Bo this ns it may, tho Board of Trado is arrested in the attempt to enforce its own rules by the punishment of a member accused of uncommercial conduct, 1t is arrested in the exercise of n right pos. sessed by overy voluntary ‘organization of men, whether incorporated or not. The pow- er to admit or not admit a member, and to enforco order and integrity, and to expel a member for improper conduat, are rights in- soparable from any organization of persons, but aro especinlly essential to an organization of merchants whose purpose is to prevent dishonest denlings nnd enforce loncst set- ilements among its members. The Board of Trede have the same legal authority under their charter to expel a member for miscon- duet that the Common Council have, and the courts might with as much propriety enjoin the Common Council from expelling a mem- ber for bribery nsto enjoin the Board of ‘I'rade from expelling one of its members for commoreinl misconduet. | The publio have an interest in this matler. The people of Oliicago, and of Illinois, and the millions of producers in all the States north and west of us, and who trade with Chicngo, have an inferest in having the trans- actions by the Boardof Trade marked by hon- esty and fidelity, They are not gamblors, nor do thoy wisk to deal with gamblers or have their property put up on the hazard of a bot. This character of business hos been o re- proach to this city for years; it has driven much business from the city. The Board of Trade of Chicago as a body las been accused of conniving at every disroputable system of doing business put in practice here. Tho rascalities of the warchouso system shocked the whole country. It roquired years of unremitting offort on the part of the press to break wup that iniquity. The Board of Trade had the repu- tation of being the real supporters of the abuses of the warchouse system, and suffered accordingly, The time hes now come far action on other abuses, and, if tho Board has not mado up jts mind to dissolve and abandon all effort to enforco legitimato trading, it must not only vindicato its own intogrity by the exclusion of thoso guilty of violating its rules, but must go further, and so amend its rules that such disreputable transactions shall not receive even o technienl recogmition by the Boavd, A movement looking to a changa in the rules has already taken place. Such amendments ought not to be adepted incon- siderately, They should bo well matured, so that, whilo securing fair dealing and honest seitlements, thoy shonld not arbitrarily hamper trade and interfere with just and equitablo rights, Tho discretion and cquit- oblo jurisdiction of tho Arbitration and Ap. peal Commitices should be made liberal, and at tho snmo timo the law marking the dis- tinetion between the renl and the fletitious, tho legitimate and tho gambling transactions, sheaild be so clearly defined that no wman can miitake it. LEGITIMATE VALUE OF PRODUCE. While a rule that will discourage cornors 50 strongly as to provent them is not only de- sirnblo but an absolute necessity, it behooves thoso who would reform our commercial cthics to take heed that their remedy ba not worso than tho disense. A enst-iron rule which would make the New York market, or that in any other city, a standard whereby to measuro the netual value of produco in Chi- engo, would bo absurd, nnd often unjust in its npplication, It is true, as a goneral rule, that' the selling value of an article at liomo is determined by taking the price at which tho surplus can be sold to an outsido consumer, and subtracting from that the cost of transportation. But no one outsido buyer should bo taken astho standard ; nor isit fair to assmo that becauso at ono time two mar- kets differ by the cost of transportation, that, thereforo, that cost should bo tho exact dif- ference Letween thom at all othor times, Supposo, for instance, that an operator hero should default on his contract mado Inst Wednesday to take and pay for whent to-dny at 01 120 por bu, and New York were ve- ferred to astho standard for detormining what the wheat is nctunlly worth in this market. Deducting 80¢, which is tho cost of trans. portation by rall, storage hero, aud linndling, from §1.10, the prico in New York on Wednesdny, we have 800 por bu as the valuo in Ohlongo, Thero is, thus, o difforenco of 11 1-20 por bu botween tho opinions of oper- ntors in Now York and in this city, ng to: tho valuo of whoat at the prosont time ; and this difforonco doos not appenr to bo duo to the oxistonco of a comer or o fonr of, ono. Aro the viows of oporators in tho West to Dbo ignored, oud the valuo hiore declared to bo only 80c, when people hero are paying 91 1-20 for it to earry till spring, whon thoy intend to ship by tha choapor wator ronto? Tako, again, tho fact thnt on Tuosday last onts in this market wero ‘““worth" only 500 por bu to ship to Now York, while lumbermon were buying up all thoy could geb ot BE@55 1-20 to send to tho pine-treo regions, Did New York or Chiongo holders best know what onts wore worth in this city on that day ? - Theso facts prosent ono class of difMoulties that must be met in the attempt to legislato n man out of respousibilities that ho hos himsolf voluntarily inonrred. Thore aro oth- ers which wo_noed not now mention. DBut all must bo provided for, i oqual justico is to bo meted out botween buyer and sellor in cach enso in which ono of them goos back on his contract; nud it does not appear that tho rule offered to thoe Board of Trado on ‘Wednesday last will ingure this without an important amendment, PRACTICAL PROHIBITION. One of the most direct, seusible, and proc- tieal mothods of ** prohibition,” and ono to which we desiro to call tho attontion of the Advancs and all other advocates of prohibi- tiou by coerciva legislation, wag tho meeting of the Reform Olub, which was held on Wednesdny ovening, undor tho suspices of the Women's Temperance Union of this coun- ty. This meoting was composed of men who know by oxperience the misery which drink- ing intlicts upon them and their familics, In tho parlancoe of tho streot, they kmow how it is thomsclves, They aro not men who can serenely moralizo upon temperance and safe- 1y sign pledges because they have no passion for drink and no temptation to use intoxicat- ing liquors, but men who have been in the habit of drinking for years, who have suffered from the habit in body, mind, oand pocket, who have lost social position, undermined their business, and bronght sorrow and distress in- to their fomilies. These mon voluntarily mot togethor and resolved to quit drinking and to aid each other in tho execution of their resolves ; and, in order to carry out their purposes, enrolled themselves into an organ- ization called the Temperance Reform Club of Chicago, with constitution and by-laws carefully drawn, snd with the- following pledgo: We, the enrolled members of the Temperance Re- form ‘Club, do soletnnly promiso bofore God _and ticso witnesses fhnt wo will nover msko, ‘buy, or so a8 boverago any spirituous or molt ligiors, wine, or cldor, and that wa will, In all proper ways, discourago tho manufacture, salo, and use of the sam; ‘This is a species of prohibition which Tmx ‘TrmoNe most heartily and gladly- indorses, nnd it will alwnys stand ready fo help these temperanco-worlkers in their practival efforts to suppress the lignor business. Wherever fifty men, who have been in the hubit of pat- yonizing saloons, join an organization of this kind, it i equivalent to shutting up one rum- hole. Organizations of people ‘who never drink under any circumstances, and miles of pledges signed by people who would not tasto intoxicating liquors if they should liva to be ns old ns Moethusaleh, accomplish no proctienl pwpose, because they do not diminigh saloon patronage. These reform organizations, howeyer, strike o blow at the snloons, because they deprive them of patron- age. All tho laws upon tho statute-books and all the policemen and constables in this city combined eannot creato such consternn- tion in the rum-holes as this banding togother of the victims of thesa places, This means business. This is an attack npon the strong. holds of whisky, inside the ranks, whero every blow tells, Tho saloons of Chicago yesterdny lost the custom of all the members of this club who were good customers on the day beforo, To theso . men who havo struck such o noblo blow, yestorday was in renlity Thanksgiving Day. AMERICAN RAILWAYS, For conspicuous and impertinent unfair- ness, commend us to an English newspa- per. Tho London Stendard furnishes n notable instanee, That journal recently made the sweeping assertion that the greator part of the Ameriean railways are nnsound, The nssertion waa based on the statements pub- lished in the New York Financial and Com- mercial Chronicle, showing that 108 railways were in default in the payment of their ac- crued interest. Mr. J. O, Cotton, an Ameri- ean gentlemon who was in London at the timo the Standard article nppenred, addressed a lotter to that paper, in which he produced statistics to show that the Standard’s brond conclusions wero not warranted by the faets, This communiention tho Standard declined to print, and Mr. Cotton was forced to apply to the Anglo-American Times, o journal whoso circulation is mainly confined to Americans sojourning in Europs, In this way the 100,- 000 renders of the Standard wereleft with the false impressions which that journal had given them, Ar. Cotton’s argument is of value even in this country, since it has been the practics of the past year to generaliza to the disadvan- tage of all American railways, because of the misfortunc that has come upon a portion of them, or the iniquities which have charncter- ized tho manngement of some of them. ‘When wo spenk of 108 railways being in de- fanlt, we ignoro the fact that there over 1,300 railwny corporntions in the United States, operating over 70,000 miles, and that the ma- jority of thoso in arrears arc the railronds commenced or comploted through the unde- veloped portions of tho country, AMany of these wero projected simply and solely for tho purpose of procuring subsidies, national md loeal. It is manifestly unjust that all or tho greator port of the Ameri- ean railways should bo held accountable for theso swindles, Tho fact is that thorehas Deon no deerensio in the aggregato earnings of American railronds, in spito of the rockless investment of eapital which is as yet unpro- ducfivo. Thonet earnings of tho railronds operated in 1871 wero 141,746,404 ; in 1872, %106,764,878 ; and in 1870, 188,810,602, The net earnings for 1873, it will bo seen, wero nbout one hundred and eighty-four mill- fons, notwithstanding the fact that the panic of tho fall of that year cut down tho carnings at lenst twonty millions, It must also bo talen into considerntion that the panie struclk tho country at the very time when the half- yearly intorest in many of tho railwnys be- cama duo ; and that a portion of them wero obliged to default that wero in a golv- ent condition and subsoquently ablo to meet their obligations, It is also esti- mated that ot least $76,000,000 wore oxponded in permanent improvements, which would undoubtedly have beou sparod had the panfo boen foreseon, In this ense thore would have beon considerably losa dofaulting. As it was, tho net earnings of nll the ronds com. bined, good, bad, and iudifforont, nmounted to n very small fraction less than 8 1.2 per cont on tho nggrogated shoro espital. Cor- talnly thin slowing does not warrant tho brond atatoment that tho mass of tho Ameri- con railwnys nro nnsound. ‘Thore is ronson enough to complain of tho -manner in which many of our railronds have beon consiruocted, and also of tho way in which othiors have beon managed. But thero in this much consolation: Wo have seen the worst of our railrond troubles, Evoryrailroad that is running into an undeveloped country will continue to improve in valuo instend of going backward, Exporienco lns domon- sirated that railway trafile in Amoricn in. oroases ot tho rate of 10 per cent a yenr for soveral yoars aftor tho completion of the road, This is beeauso the railway builds up tho country into which it ponetrates. It hing also ‘boen necossary for American railronds con- stontly to extond their lines into Iateral and tributary soctions in advance of tho actunl domand for railronds, 'This necessity no longer oxists to the same extent, and our rail- way companios will not be cager to anticipate tho wanta of- the people for somo years to como, Tho prospeot, therefore, is sufficiently reassuring to atono in largo part for past dis- aster, WAR-CLAIMS FROM THE SOUTH. Tho Democratic Legislature of Missouri o yenr ngo authorized a Board of Commission- erg to hear evidenco and award judgment for losses and damages sustained by the * peo- plo” of that State during tho War,—that is to ‘sny, tho ex-Robols, Upon the report of theso Commissioners, the Governor issued to the clnimant g certificate that there was duo to him the sum found; but the certificate provides that the samo is not payablo - until aftor the olaim has been presented to the United Statos and the amount allowed and paid to the Stato. Undor this act claims to the amount of £2,000,000 have been cortifled to by the State ; how much more are to come wo do not know. Exactly what theso claimsa aro for, or by whom they arc made, does ' not appear beyond n general statemont that thoy aro for servico in the Stato militia, and losses by the scizure and destruction of property by tho United States. Why these claims bave not been presented to tho United States directly for paymont, or why they were not included in the provious demnnds made by tho State and paid by tho General Government, requires explanation. It would seem thatthoy wereof that character which did not admit of any paymentonany legal ground, The State, therefore, proposed to give them a seeming legal validity by assuming them, and then making o claim for them in the name of tho State, Tho sccounts of the State of Mis- souri for expenditures and other clnims dur- ing tho War wera settled by the Unied States years ngo, and the Stats applied tho money to the payment of its debt. The St. Louis Republican now discovers that there is a plan on foot to have the present Domoeratic Log- islntura pay the cerlificntes at once, and then present tho bill to the Uuited States, This would eut off all future investigation into the character'of the claims, and make the issuc simply one of ademand by the Stato to be refunded for money exponded. This is but the beginning of a like policy all over the. South. Arkousas, Louisinns, Georgin, Alabama, snd all the Southern States, a8 soon a8 they become Democratic, will in like manner come forward with their claims for losses by thoeir citizens for property tnken and destroyed by the United States. The rebellion of the State authorities of Mis- souri at the beginning of the War cost the TUnited States an immense expenditure, prob- ably nat less than $130,000,000. It gave life to tho Robollion in the State, which was kept up until nearly the close of the War, and cost 50 many lives of soldiers from Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan, In fact, excopt in and avound St. Louis, Missouri was as rebell. ious as was Arkausas or Tennessco. It re- quired tho presence-of an army there until the collapse of the Confederacy. It is rather stale nt this day to be setting up these claims for alleged losses, particularly after Congress, years ago, had settled with the Stato forallits expenditures, and the departments at Wash- ington have been opon to henr and allow any honest clnim for personal loss, The Demo- crats of Missouri have mado their demand. Now for Arkansas and Alnbama, —— EFFECT OF HIGH DUTIES, The report of the Commissioner of Cus- toms contains a wail over the loss suffered by the revenua from the smuggling of goods by American tourists returning from abroad, He snys in his report: : It is eatimated tho American tourlsls roturning from Europo during the year ending Jan, 80, 1873, num- berad 30,230, ond each person Lrought on tho ayerage seven trunks flled with dutiable goods, claimed to bo personal haggage, not dutisble, Wo havo thus on_av- erage of 247,810 trunks filled with articles cloimed ss duty fros, ropretenting, on o valuation of $500 for each trunk, tho enormous sum of $198,905,000, It ia well known that much of this baggago fa in reality intended to be put upon the market as morchandiso, and still other portions of it aro brought over for third partios, who have remsined at home, The valuo of the goods estimated in ench trunle is largely oxaggerated, as many of thom do not contain’ one-fifth of the goods alleged ; but the total quantity which thus escapes payment of the enormous tariff- tax is undoubtzdly vory grent,—perhaps half tho sum stated by the Commissioner, Ho pro- poses a3 o remedy o sort of cast-iron oath to bo taken by each passenger and alegnl lim- itation of thé amount of goods for personal use that any ono porson can bring in freo, The real romedy is to bo sought in a redue- tion of tho duties, By levying taxes of from 50 to 100 per cent on imported goods, tho Government causes and encournges smuggling, with all tho ovils that follow in its train, promotes tho practice of adultoration, inflicts a double loss on the publio revenues, and lowers the standard of publio morals, Smuggling, which is the historical, inevita. ble, and acknowledged result of high tariffs, i carried on in many ways., Morchandiso is passed as private proporty destined for the owner’s porsonal use, When it combines gront valno with little buls, ss in the caso of diamonds, Inces, ote., it is wecreted on tho porson, COustom-houso offlcers aro bribed with part of tho profits or part of the gaods, Smuggling is carried on by moans of vessels of light draft, which run into unfroquented inlets and dischargo their cargocs by night, It is earried on, agein, by shipping goods to Onnndn, and thon atealthily whisking thom seross the imoginary line which soparates New England from the Dominion, In order to pay less duty, manufacturers adultorato their produats, entor them as in. ferior goods, and then sell thom ns superior. ‘Chero was a notablo instanco lately, when silic fabrics, with a single thread of cotton running through the border, were ontered ns mixed silk and cotton at s groatly inferior duty to that which they would bave paid ns ! sill, Most of tho adultorations aro worso than this, Damnged articles nre syatomatic- ally palmed off upon the peoplo 2s genuine goods,—thanks to the tariff{ Tho revenuo suffors n doublo loss in this way, In tho first plnco, it i necessary to maintain nlong our boundary-line, by Innd ond gen, for thousands of miles, any numbor of oustom-houses, with staffs of appraisors, manngers, polics, dotootives, spies, nnd n flect of rovonuo ontters on tha occan and Inkes. Bince wo offer a high preminm on bronking the line guarded, wo must spond Invisbly to provent people's nccopting onr of- for, In thoseoond placo, tho rovenues suf- fer boecauso a high tax is lovied on a multitude of the necossarics and wants of life, which yiold less rovonuo than conld be de- rived from a fow luxuries domand- ed ond roquired by vamity, foshion, and appetite, Tho tax-pnying power is wondorfully elnstio, Englind npprecintes this, Blio has stendily reducéd tho number, of taxablo artioles of rent uso and nocessity, and the amount of tax lovied on ench, but maintains at high rates tho duty on spirits, tobaceo, and tho like, and finds o surplus on hor bands, year aftor yoar. Starting from tho position 'we ocoupy to.dsy, with high dutics on some thousands of articles, she to-dny collects most of her revenuo from low dutios on less than & dozon useful articles and from two highly-taxed luxurics. It is woll to remember that she has become the grontest manufacturing power in the world since slie adopted this policy. Public morality is seriously injured by tho practico of high imposts. Self-interest dic- tates, strongly, disregard of the law. A man doea not see much wrong or sin in buying clothes for himself or his wifo at half tho American high-tariff prices. So ho makes his purchases in Canndn or in Europe, and smugglos thom in. o is usually quite proud. of lis chenp bargning, and his wifo tolls of it oponly, This is demoralizing, not only ba- eauso thoy have once broken ono perticular Iaw, but beeauso thoy are mora apt thereaftor to break other laws that may interfers with thoir wishes or interests, LITTLE PAY AND BIG THEFTS. A bauk-cashior in the East was detected a fow dnys ngo in cmbezzlement. He had stolen some $20,000 in ten years. When oharged with tho crimo, he confessed his guilt, Ho lnd taken the moncy, so ho said, from sheer necessity. His salary of $800 was far too small to support himself, his wife, and his two childron, Ho had not been wild or oxtravagant. Wino and women had nothing to do with his downfall. Two children and ono wife had. . He had nof, like most thioves of long standing, lived to steal, but had stolen to live. When these facta becamo known thero was loud outery,—partly against him snd partly against the men who had put his salary so low that hunger and cold had driven him to hig sin, Wo havo taken this case es a typ- ical ono. Thero are, unfortunately, many of them to choose from. It is worth while to inquire, in the light of such facts, what the rool duties of employer and employed aro. Does starvation condone sin? Is it truo that necessity not only knows no law, but ought to Imow nono? ‘While we fail to find any justification for the defaulting cashier who is himself re- spousiblo for the poverty his imprudent mar- ringe brought upon him, and who tries to shirk, by hurting another, the inevitable con. sequences of his own acts, some excuss can Lo found for him, Tho capacity of mankind to resist temptation seoms to be merely relative.: Given, grent temptation and great opportunity, and it is only men rave as din~ monds who can resist. Tho brutal phrase that ““every man has his prica” is too often justified by experience. Every man is tempt- ed, but few men have the opporiunity to commit o grent sin. When the two clements unite, there is danger. It is the extreme of poor policy, then, to give poor pay to men in responsibla positions who have the chancé to steal if thoy wish, A scanty stipend adds temptation to opportunity, Is it strange that they fall? Is it strange that the ordinary, average kind of man, who knows that his ser- vices are grossly, shamefully underpaid, and that as a result of this injustice his wifo and children are in dire want, should lelp himself from hizs niggardly employer's vaults? Ho wrecks his own lifo and tho lives of thuse dear to him, but detection is not thought of when Want knocks at the door. Not only of such men, but of all workers, it may be said that poor pay is poor policy, Ordinarily, a hireling gives only the smallest possible quantity of muscla and mind to the task sot before him, Give him a fow cents more a day aud you hire lis brains and good-will as well ss his whole strength, An employer who pays o litlle more than his fellows can always have his pick of the Isbor-market, For opc-anda quarter times the usunl pay, he can got twico the usual work out of bis men. High wages and high profits are not opposed, but coin- cident, forces.. It is emphatically true thatit pays the employer to pay the employe well, THE AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA, The ourrent jssuo of the American Oyalo~ podia by tho Applotous, of New York, is a literary worle in which we may ail take pride, ‘Tlho present indications aro that, when finished, it will bo the moat usoful work of tho kind ox- tant. It may not succeod in replacing the oldor and moro olaborato cyclopodiaa In groat libraries of roferance, but it will cortainly displace all jts predoceasors in practical use. Tho smount of Iabor oxpendaed upon this now edition is fully 28 gront a8 that devoted to tho first {ssue. In fact, it ia rathor & uow work than a now odition. All the matter that appoarod in tho first edition which is nsed in the presont has boon carefully rawritton, with tho latest information ndded to tho subjoot tronted, Many new titles have been introducod, Many of thoold once have beon dropped. Tho present work, in a word, ia built upon tho model of tho flrat under tho super- vision of tuo orlginal editors, Messra, Oharlea A, Dans and Georgo Riploy, with tho sesiatanco of & regular staff of assoclato editors and rovisors, and thie co-oporation of special contributors from all parts of tho couutry, The system of excision and rovision has boon vory thorough, Thoso titles which only roquire tho dofinitiona to bo found In tho dictionaries, or tho description con- tained in the ordinary gazotteor, have boon elim- inatod altogether. Tho process of rowriting is al- osat necosrarily a process of condeusation, except whore new information is contributed. The reault ia that the padding of tho onginal articles has boen taken out, aud the new treatmout pro- gonts tho subjoct-mattor in tho moat compact and coucise form attainable by eerious applica- tion and intelligent revision. Iiach volume con- toins about 800 pages, or Bomothing like fifty pages more than thoe original volumes, and the typogrsphy is vustly suporior, a8 well in tho ar- rangoinont of tho mattor as iu tho printing. Il lustrations, canaistiug of cuts, maps, and charts, have been added, which contributo not only to tho ombellislment of tho book, but hkowise to the olucidntion of the subjoots which are trontod. Tho gotusl cost of tho ltorary and artisthe labor expondod the worl caynot bo muoh loss than 95,000 por volume in addition to the cost of the papor sud mochanloal work, Tho lottors scom to run nbout ovenly with those of tho first editlon, 80 tat tho number of =olumes will probably not bo incrensed. Wo foarn thpt tho work haa beon prosecuted beyond the lotier AL already, though thul v‘olumnl bavo nat yet boon lsewad up to tuls point, The orlginal work, entitled *The Now Amorl- can Cgolopodin,” was compilod in 1803, moro than ton years ago. Within this decado mew hlatory hins boon mado to an extont, porhiaps, that no otbor docade cau show, Tha Amorican War of the Rebollion hag Loen closed, and with it tho groatost ovonts of our couatry and thne Liave boen worked out, A now and powerful Empiro has beon erectod fn Europo, Tho clar- sctor and rolative positions of the Buropoan na- tlona havo undorgono radical changes, Tpo movomont in sclonco has beon still moro decided, Thoro is acarrely a singlo phaso of it whioh has vot boen materlally modified by tbo resoarches of tonyoars. In nstronomy, chemistry, physl- ology, geology, mioroacopy, and tho antlquitios, our stock of information has boon enlargod boyond ovorything that preceded this po- rlod. In enjoying tho advantago of this now light, tho present odition of the Cyclopedia is vractically a now work. Ita editors have renche od out to sll gources which could supply them with tho latest developmouts In sclenco, mechan- {es, invention, bistory, and geography. In thoir own words, they have aimed * to furnish a con- densod oxhibition of the prosent stato of human knowledgo on tho most important subjocts of inquiry." Thoy baya not souglt to discuss queationain coptrovorsy, nor to contribute the- ories; it has beon thoir purpose to engago tho co-oporation of all thoso whoso sludios have mado thom authoritative in the matters of which they write, Thoy have mado sure of tho ace curacy of thelr artfoles by consultation with practical mon wha are not writera; and tho ox- perionce and libotality of thoso ‘engaged In tho proparation of tho work will unquestionably mako it as complete ay any Dictionary of Knowl~ odgo ever published, with obvious advantages ovor all of earlier issuo, on Hithorto tho Protestant denominations have sufforod severely from tho lapso of clorgymon into infidolitica and indiecretions, and some~ timea Into positivo acts of eonsual criminality, whilo the Roman Catholice hava enjoyed ime munity from such scandals, oithor becauso tho clergymen of that donomivation were freo from the tomptations which afilict Protestant clergy- men, or bocouse their superiors prudently covered thom up and kept them from coming into public notoriely. Of Ilate, however, scandals havo cropped out on the surface of tho Roman Cathioho Church, both of a theologieal and social nature. Two apostates have turnod up withina week. Tho Rev. Francis Jacque- met, of Ballimore, offlcinting at St. Poter's Church In that city, has nbandoned that communion and publicly coonectod him- solf with tho Presbyterion donomination, The Rov. Father Gerdemaon, of Philadelphis, ab- sconded, taking with him a young woman whoin Lo subsequently morried, and also cousidarable sums of monoy, which his parishioners had in- trusted to his safe-keoping. A fow days ago the Rev. Father McNally was arrestod at . Fort Cov~ ington, Now York, for a defalcation mndo in Bel- fust, Ireland, nino’ yeara ago, The defulcation was of & sum of money amounting to 3,900, monta addressed to “ His Excolloncy the Liou tonaut-Governor,” which misnomer appears to oxort & noothing Influonco upon the smbition of tho statesman lu question, It fs probable that ho supposcs Lord Dufforin to possoss such s superflulty of titlos that ho can afford tospara ono or two to lns aubordinatos, “This hypothesia 15 moro oharitablo than the other, that the torm *Mis IHonor" has on frontesl sound upon his oar. ————— Bocond only to tho ingenious practico of robe bing onoselfl web that of advertising amazing rowards to any person who would approhend tho robbor. Thora was & grim sort of honesty in the aot, bealdes o blind, Untll tho epidomic of gole-rabbory mado the maeana of diverting atton. tion from onosolf stalo and ridiculons, it had a run of success, Recontly s countryman em- ployed it with » viow to decelving the public and big partnor. He was an Israelito, of Bowling Groen, Ky., in whom thoro was apparently no guile, But, his etoro having besu brokeu inta oud robbed of $4,000, it bocamo necossary to securg tho robber. Togethor with his partner, Lo ontered into s bond to pay 81,600 for the orrest of tho robbor. Tho Constablo of the distriet, with a friend, tack him 8t his word, and s fow lours lator domanded tho rownrd, at tho somo mb arrest: fug the livoral Istaclite: O courso ho rofused to pay them for thia setive search for the guilty party. They baye consoquontly commencad eut galost him to rocover the money on tho bondg Tho sult will have nll tho intorost of & criminal oaee, a8 the oflicers will by required to prove tha thett upon him. 1t is not always ploasant to ba ufken 8t one's word in littlo mattera of thig kind, Had othor paid oficora of tho Inw boon o8 ready to jump at rowards as thoro of Bowling Greon, thoro would bave boon mora suita of this kind ponding than tho world ‘supponos. —_— Tue aged and respectable proverh which de- clarea that what ia easlly won {a a8 oosily lost, re- coived an nnexpocted Llustration in the Town of Waverly, Tows, & fow days ago, It was a matri~ monial loss which followed a matrivonial von~ turo of an unusual description. The lovor was & lawyer who bad, by reason of a Tong sojourn in this world, fallon wto tho soro aud yellow loaf, and, being named- Billings, cousistontly fell jn love with o littlo gisl, "Who, nithowgh at school, Lind'nut yot masterod tho rudimonts of orthogra- phy, and wis hopelesaly innocent in matters of syatax. - The parents of tho child objecting ta tho marringe, en elopomont was planned and succossfully oxecuted. There wors rumors of & Mra. Billings still in existenco, butit was usually supposed that, with his profound knowlodgs of crimtunl procedure, Mr. Billivgs would find that 1ady no bar fo his happiness. Tho parents Intorfered, but the wedding had oceurred, aud nothing was to bo dono about it. Mrys, Dillinge was subsequently fortunato enougl to call upon bor parontg, when having donned Ler pinaforo at usualshe learned that Mlr. Bilings wasabadman, In hall an hour yhe had writton & highly-affee. tionato lottor to Mr, B., declining to roturn to {ho protection of & Dad Man, Of conrse it in not to bo suppoaed that such o person has attraes tiona for a achool-girl. But bad as Lo may be, Lo bos learned and will respeot one truth which applics to him, and commonces thls parargraph, — e A Japenose lady has invented a means of rec oncillation between quarrelsomo partnors which should not bo conflued in practice to thst distant part of the world. Having quarroled with hoy busbond, she decided upon dying. Not content bequoathed by a falhior to bis son and deposited with Father MoNally to be mansged by him ug- til tho son cama of age, when it wes to bo paid over to bim, pringipal and interest. When the Bon came of age, ho asked for a ren- dering of bhis account from McNally's sttorney, only to finud that tho priest had fled to America with tho money. He im- mediately followed, and for nine years hns been soarching for tho defaultor, Lis search boing ro- worded last Sunday. Fatber Schneider, a priest ot Troves, who had beon expelled from his pul- plt for various offonacs, was recently arrested inthe pulpit bythe polics for attempting to proach, Tho arrest croated & row in the church, but, nfter considerable fighting, the police suc- ceeded in carrying away tho recusant priest. With tho oxploits of Fathor Forhan, of Bridge- port, in this county, and with his peculiar mothodof holding faira and disposing of tho re- ceipts, tho public is already familiar, Itis Ldt o fow days ago that o priest in Coving- ton, Ky., eloped with his housekeeper and a handeomo porcentage of the money bolonglug to tho flock which had been intrusted tv him, We'do not cite theso cases for the purposo of singling out the Catholia Charch as a target of abuse, but se showing that no denomination is freo from the demotalizing tondencios of faith- less shophords. It is only a little surprising tiat such thioge sbould Lo allowed to happen or shonld oceur at all in a Ohurch whose machinery 1a 80 porfact, whose discipline {8 80 severo, whosa {oflucnco over ita pervants is so powerful, It only proves that clorgymen are mortal, that even tho direct doscendants of Bt. Petor may err, and that no poculiar sanctity invests those men that rondera them absolutoly fros from tho tempta- tion bofore which other mortals yield and fall. — e A tew wecks ago & Southern darkey invented a volocipede upon the principlo of perpetual ma- tion, Whilo riding on it to a Btato Fair it threw him ovorboard, killed him, and continued ita way south, and is now either disturbing the lobatera af the Bouth Pacific or gashing through the huts of Patagonian aborigines, Tho last claimant for mechanioal Lonors is & man named Eolly. He hag discovored a motor power which will give him o pressure of 7,000 pounds to the square inoh, Ae stoam prossure rarely oxcends 200 pounds, Mr. Kelly has made o discovery worth noticing, Ha declares that with two gal- lons of wator ho csnruna train of cars from Philndelphia to Californin and back, which would bo quite o seaving it wator wero exponsive 1in either ocity, He haa givon private soances (dark onos, of conras) with his new motor, and oxcited no littlo won- der, as may bo supposed, But Mr, Kelly's state-~ meng of what ho has dono must bo taken witk s grain of allowanco, Afr. K. played the flute for many yenrs in o California thoatre, and the habit of blawing may atill bo stroug upon him, It his motor is half as powerful as Lo says it is, his musical instrument could Lo mado usoful in placo of tho great Boston fog-korn, whose molo- dious voico it would ronder quite inaudible st a comparatively low pressure. bl e N Henry Ward Beooher has been addressing his congrogation upon tho subjoct of nowspaper re- ports of gacmons. Ho complaing that an ex- collont addross is frequently cut down to sult tho emergoncies ‘of an ocoasion. Ho says: ** Thero is & piece cut out of the middle, thon o pleco at tho top, and & good pleco at tho bottom, aud it ia 8o cut up that nobody knowa much about tho printed akotch~noither the mau who roported it nor the man who preached it,” Con- sidoring tho smount of spaco lately afforded Mr, Boaohor for his statomonts and things, this com- plaint soema o little out of tasto. It is not loss admirablo from the circumstanco that the ro- porter who has dovoted most columns to & suce cinot bistory of Mr, Becoher's enyings, doings, and writings, during tho part fow yoars, was tho offiolal roporter of Plymouth Churoh and Houry ‘Ward Beooher, towit: Thoodore Tilton, It is supposable that if Mr. Boooher had possessed tho shears and propared his formor friond's last statomont, ko would have yielded to tho tempta- with morely relinquisbiug this dreary world, she epdeavored to do 1t at tho greatesc possible sacri- fico. Bhe bit ouv her tongue, and awaited donth, Fortuvately for all parties, death did not arrive as soon as hor husvaud., She wag therofore saved. And now' Nakamura has a model wifo. When he complaina of tue tough. nees of bLis astoak, she can merely look at bim, Turniog s oyes in another diraction, ho can make tho most satirical commonts upon fominive ecomomy; can wondor why womon nover do learn how to keep down the grocor's bill, to save & portion of thoir husbaud's galary ; can aggure hor that a littlo varlety of delicacies [for broakfasy is something that any woman of senso could flud ; can grumblo at tho milliner's bill, sud grow! about tho coal being all out, with- out recoiving & word of remonstrance. Ho can toll hior why tho baby crica without boing chal- longed to remedy tho evil, aud can genorslly on- joy himselt without danger of s squall. Why should Japan moenopolize such & boon ? It cost Count Porwinhoft just 700,000 to ox- pose the cruolty of the Russian Consul at San Trancisco in refusiug to relieve anothor Russian noble’s hungor, and thus driving him to suicide. The Count, hoaring of tho tragedy, exnosed tha Copenl [n the papers. Not long ago ho was oficially notified that bis case had been befora tho Ruseiun Parlismont, and that nugust body waa disposed to be lenient with him in considera- tion' of -his good intentions. If, theroforo, he would divulge the names of hia fallow-conapiras tora in tho publication of tho article, his punishe mont would bo reduced to a twenty-yoar term in Biberin and tho forfoituro of his ostato, and would ho kindly come hombo snd roceivo his ro. ward. To this chillivg propusition Count Per winhoff roplied that the climate of Biberla would not compare with that of Californis, and he would profer to stay whero he was if it made no difforence to tho Russian Parlisment. Wha would not basic in the patornal mildness of such & Government ? k& r O S the Edit "ho Ohleago Trituna: A ie G o aoy expressod fn am edltorls in your vafuablo paper as to tho sentiments of tha Oatholio peoplo of this country upon political and othor questions, I decm it well o saya word: Upon overy political {ssue that hos thus far arsen in the history of the Iopublto wo find Catholics arrayed upon both eldes; and, a3 history is_provea to ropoat ituclt, wo mny oxpoct’ to seo this fact reposted, In overy caso, however, whera Catliolies are discriminatod apaiuat, and thelr rights of persou and proporty vio- Iatod,—as (s the case i Germany sud Italy at present —auch Catholfcs will havo tho flummy and Buppo! of Catholles everyiwhere, ba thoy Engllsh”or Amorican, Qiricaao, Nov, 24, X Whiloit ia truo that Catholics havo always boon found arrayed on both sides of political quostious in this country, it is aléo and equally truo that more than ninetcon ot evory twenty havo for the pnst yoars voted the Democratic tickot, and supported that party, no matter what 1t advocated, or what position it sssumed on any isaue, Thoy hovo baoa, aud ara now, the backe bone of {hat party in almost every Northorn Btate, and in overy arge oity or town. —_— ‘WoonnvL, IlL, Nov. To _the Fditor of The Clicugo ;IHOM:II:IL Nov: 8,18, Bt ; In your lust WEEGLY TRINUNE you state that the Independents of this Stato eloctod” but ous Cous pressian, 1f you mado this siatoment through ig uoranco wo willsob youtipht by statiug that we ciceicd tlrco—Campbell, Bagby, aud Andorson, Pleuss do us Sustico, Respectfully, ofo,, _Joun O, Wipnxy, Beeretary Oxford Club, The only candldate for Congress who run as the nomineo of the Indopendont party, and was oleoted, was Anderaon in the Ninetcentn Dis- trict, Moasrs, Campboll and Bagby wore support- od by tho Democrats nnd eleoted by Domocratio votes, In tho Ninoteenth District thero wore throa candidatos, and, though Andorson beat Judgo Marshall, the Democratic nominos, he will vote in Congress on all questious pracizely a8 Marshail wonld, Mr. Bagby is o Republican, and Mr. Camplell will probably bo found to bo nearor Goorge Francis ‘.r‘mlu than any othor man in Coupgress or out of it, okt NS Tho bost-laid plans of mon and mice gang aft agloo, g, ‘for inetanco, thoss of August Vorier, of Now York.- This gentloman was a strong advocate of cromation, and, desiring to tlon to aut & ploco out of the middle, then out of tho top, wud a good pioce from the bottom, —_—— According to tho Quoboo Gazells, the Liouten- ant-Govornor of the DProvince I8 making a wountebank of bimeelf in clamoring for a titlo which bolongs ‘to his suporlor, the Govornor-~ Qonoral, Tho Coloninl Oflco hig dirocted thab tho titlo ** Excollonoy " sliall be reserved for tho Qovernor-Gonoral oxolusively, whilo the Licu- teuant-CGiovernora of tho Provincos of the Cange~ dian Fedoration should bo known by tho titlo * Your Honor,” Tho attention of the public has boon called to this abaard wattorby publie docu~ givo Bolonce a further opportunity for invoatie gating tho claima of this thoory, detormined to give bls body to be burned. He made every proparation for suiclde, loaded & rovolver, and ovon wont g0 far as to write a lotter to all whom it might concern, directing them to burn his body, inasmuch 88 ho had committed sulolde to ond a life that had nothing more Interesting for him, This was vory creditable foresight, and dosorved a bottor fate, When ho resched the Qrand Central Dopot, and lookod round for an sudience, hio was molzed with an epiloptle fit and carriod to an hospital, where n& suicidal designs wero klml\{ fruetrated. Wha will dony thie L'rovidonce that abapes our ends rongh 7