Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 22, 1874, Page 9

1o jail for one week withont et “{;:efl::: 3¢ Lho offenso with which he s 10 B expiration of that time be nsbSIEC L | the State's Attorney oo’ the "k”e \ho charge was nnfounded. Ou ex- k “fl.‘h‘sm« diecovered that he was accused jssi0%, B omer collected for subacriptions enbetsliog P ot So far, Mr. Sbaw has pibe I eat deal more than the balaoco due d"’;,fi.‘,, "and bis example will probably smfor B upon the other ewploves of that wre 2 €088 0 oueingthem to work for et h:,m, fhm incar the displeasurs of sach “‘m::mgpgmcntbxk = + ‘comes another sged bridegroom dod O to snnul the marriage between ik :::d a youog womau of bad character, pell 1are'to bim property which he bad con- e qnder the vas supposition that she tober T plintill. in this case ia one il B8 fored mac of Louiasill, over e, Tl was s alavo for ffty ‘years, Mg e iy nd perseverance amassed & by B o bis deciiniog years. Two Eule 02T andant, ono Mattie Henesy, 180 esced violeot love for the old ‘l"ml_ .m;bnrmwed sums of money from him winene B ot time, to $500, aud receiving ;:‘f“uumnng $600 more. Bhe in- il pim. by promises to marry hum, dused W ber in the City of Lonisvills, was induced to. sign & deed con- vkt AR ount of roal estate. Har- SesE 80 ed him, told_bim sbe had all gt 1 - pim, and_plainly rovesled_ the i "‘;hmzecfion. The old man had sense o aehitate suit to et aside the dood, o OB 0 e girl thst she offered to e god lover forthwith. He endeavored i heesse at the JelTorson County Court, ;: the Clerk refased, mpec!iu; ll.‘nua'pu-t'cy, ipisr esperieoce awaited the' party at New A Tho o man was huriodly takea Jgfl'emnrflln. Ind., s license procured, and o e e eflicted. Immediately after the e bride sbused Der groom in uo- terms, sgain sssured him _thnt the wasall she wanted, and, taking pos- el tho bouse ho had fitted up for her, 1pcked hima oot Againbe 18 s euitor; not for B bisd, however, but for bia own redom. The & season is bad for old gentlemen, colored @ otbervise, Who possess property. e ————— . TheSupreme Court of New York is troubled yith 3 singalsr cass of plural matrimony. Itis trblyinvolved. The hero of the'story is one Talter W. Price, anEnglish milhonaira of 55, vho s married three times 2nd bad eight cl_m- g allof whom still live and execrate him. . Pricsmarricd at 19 'in England. A year Jater be absndoned his wife snd came to this couptrf,—8 person suggestively namod Green be- ing allowed o marry Ara. Price on condition of seroming M. Price's debts. Business prosper- ing, Mr. Price married 8 Brooklyn lady, of whom Yeiired in s year or 0. Then be obtained an order from Judge George Baroard setting aside {his escond marriage on the ples that his first ife wes living, and fraudulently inserted in that order s clsuse allowing himself and sec- ¢d wife' to marry again. A week later, ** b merried for the third time, representivg that his first wife was dead, and the diverce from the £ocond gaiced oo th ground of her inAdelity. He tired of bis third wite in & few years, and cauced the second to sus to set aside the decres in her case on the ground that the first wife was dead. Thiadons, the third marriage was dis- posed of as fnvalid. ' He turned traitor once more and showed that his first wife was atill living, aud thus evaded the second. He is thus frea from connubial trouble, inasmuch as his frst wife is, though illegally, the wife of another wmsu. Bat there are legal mfficnities he has now tocontend with, The third victim of his matri- monial fancy has brought suit for damages of £100,000. If she cannot have the Price of her choice, sho will have the price: of her broken bt A What will ‘the youth of posterity do abont it? Tha greatest, if not the most interesting, featurs o the circus will be -but a recollection to his popsitors and & myth to his nursery maid: Tie aléphant, Like the whale, is'dying out. The Iendon Telegraph. has been malking inquiries, w4 driven to one of two taecries: Either the kil gronnd ‘of’ the elephant, described so Eintely by that prince of-voyagers, Sinbad the fxkr,Has been actually discovered, or a vast tachier of eléphants bas recently been car- tedon, which will -1ead to a rapid extinction of 4 pecies. * It is driven to this slterna- suddenly-increased impor— bim of ivory to England. Every pair o tula represents s slaughtered elephaot, and flemis of ivory which has recently resched Lagand must be the mortuary account of many i by the iheri, The daring hunterand avaricious érader Lave driven the elephant far into the interior of {58 Contivent of India, and when the process bua been continued & Iittle longer thers will be Do elephunt left to drive in any direction. The wodderful Islind of Ceylon, with its monumental ‘Tuim of maminoth public ‘works, its grand tem- plas, izt tuks or water reservoirs, and system o irrigasion, st contains elephants enough to #uply the world with billiard-balla for & century focome; g does Burmah, and so do’ the wilds of Mries. Bit there is a limit to the repro- ductive capucity of the elophant, and when be is extioct what will the little boys care for the cir- €24, or the g onies for the billixrd tournament ? The Mesers. Chiambers have written s letter fathe Loudon Atherzum calling - attention 1o :::hathnugufl years ago they furnished 1 Mesmrs. Lippincott, of Philsdelphis, with h@fia_u Etersotype plates of their Encyclopmdis 0det that the work might be simaltaneonsly l‘m!d a0d issued in the United States. = After tme. the- American publishers began to Eile extonive alterations in the articles, i‘:’m{ which the Measrs, Chambers protested @ M. Btatements ‘and opinions were Dioduced which were repudiated by the orig- Proprietors, and yet their name all the while fmered ‘Tpon the title-page. The' Messrs. rio v then point out several of thess alter- % Ove.of them is in the article “ Free " which makes the articlo convey juss the ‘8 measing from the original. o with S w Prosection,” the meaning . of which fpned ‘Inthe article * Victoris L” the ¥ing extract will show why thoe Mesars. Hatery ;{nnhin 2 tion,~*¢ ‘progress fifi:tgg i dements of Ehizaton, sipuchls ™ uumfimfi'fificfif&.fiffl&m :l;x;’z i ter messure of poliucal contantment been Anerbom Bition, i . S e e T Saton, k:%ugh(‘;“’“‘ Britain) ; but a g&mz discon~ 't unequal institutions, snd IWM Pepublicaniam, are plainly apparent. bipy aPlaint of the Mesars. Chambers seems g bfounded one, and i ail the more ag- "85 In thas the original proprietors bave of competent redresa, 7, S e ,;“‘hflmimxn New York has taken fhe o ot 8 Bunday boliday for scavengera.- On iy W:g of the week, therefors, the garbage gy ment hous2s sccumilates and festers. 'Y night, in summer, poison enough has ‘El:_nqrm within 48 hours o sicken & tuyogy. $0b0rhood ‘and nentralize the sami- )v.,(:,"’ of the best constitnted and most et fi?wth Board in the world. ‘It is only Rogres o PA8t faw wooks that the subject has hm}&nm . The Sanitary Polics have Qi h"smulhnafmol’unrih Ward ten- iy m’:fl .0f the grest metropolia, and o g brought o light ‘scenes which lgy X0 the readsr 3¢ detailed carefally. g here the sink-pipe had bosen discon- gy ke sewer, snd the flooring was rot- tay g "hile garbago and sewsge sdded to o j;!um. sixteen double-beds would be itgom (0 8B apariment giving barely breath- sy é:x- one. - Men and women were packed bay, o by the acore 1m rooms 8x10 faet, lying My, breathing the exhalations from ths ol tuess dens were - cloared of their ocoupants by the Henlth authorities, and the proprietors arrested and punished. It ssoms rather inconsistent to oxpect the virtue of clsan- Lineas, which rankn next to godliness in the indi~ Vldm._l. when it is 80 palpably absent in .the cor- roration, which allows garbage to fester ou the firat day of the week. . 3 5 THE LIFE OF 'DAVID STRAUSS. ~ DAVID FRIEDRICH STBAUSS. Vou Eow Zxiirm, Bonn, 1874 ; = . Btrauss was ono of the representative men of onr tine, It has ‘been sald of him that he is the Lauther of the vineteenth century, and that there are many reasons why this age may be named by the future historians of theology afier Strauss, a5 the sixteenth century was after the grest Re- former. Certain {$ is, that there is, at the pres- ent day, & movement in progress in the religious world ss significant a» the Beformation was in the sixtesnth contury. Certain it is, too, that leaders.of that movement, if not the moet prom- inent, is David Friedrich Btrauss, It is given to some men to live, in the briof epace of fifty or sixty yoars, the life of many generations, It was given to Strauss so to live. All Earope, Strauss thought, is destined to go through the stages of thought through which he passed between youth aud age. a7 Few unless on theological subjects have been more extensively resd duriog fhe lsst forty yoars than Strauss. Spite of this fact, however, Strauss bad fow friends, Many read his books; few cared for the man. He was dreaded by thousands ; loved by very few. He stood molitary all his life, saying just whathe thought, caring little whether his views were accepted or rejocted ; whether -he was popuiar orunpopular. Always bold, always trus to bis convictions, he never hesitated to express the conclusions his inveatigations had led him to, in order to spars the feclings of the publis, or to allow the consciences of the non-thinking to rest andsleep. He found mno favor among sny class of peopls, because he choss to stand defiantly alone all his life. He found no favor with the ‘Orthodox, because ho attacked their most cher- ished beliefa. Re found mors with the Liberals, because they were not willing to recede as far from Christianity sa he had done. Living m & period of trasition, be was the * evil conscience " of thousands, who, less earnest, but not less faithl ess, moved over the path at & snail's pace. He pulled the veil from -the eyes of many a soi-disant Christian, and held up to him the mirror that showed him to bs & covert disbeliever in Christianity. In his own way, Stranss was a grest prascher. He did not, especially during the 1ast years of his life, pro- tend to be a Chnstian at all; but be insisted that there wers thousands who professed to be Christians who believed in Christ as littla as he did. ‘Thess did not thank him for the news he conveyed to them. (lasion i3 often cherished mo1s than truth, and there are those who find it convenient to live ths life of the non-Christian, and still lay to their souls the sweet unction that they are walking in the footstops of Jesus of Nazareth. A writer in the Contemporary Review for July bss remarked that Strauss has been the most popular man in Europe, for the seame resson as the conscienco is the least amiable angd estesmed of all the human facalties, becsuse “He bas spoken when men would willingly have kept gilence; divided what successive schools have 1abored to unite ; ripped up every compromise ; probed remorselessly avery wound ; exlubited all the nakedness and deformity -of the Christian spirit during a period of decsy.® Nor wasit only the Orthodox and Liberals in religion that wers the enemies of Strauss. Governments could mot patronize him, or put him onany position of emolument or honor, - becsuse the people were opposed to him. Conservatives shnoned kim, because of his religious views; Radicals, because of his political. Hence the irritableness, soreness, and explosions of dis- pleasure to be found in his latest works. Life had soured’ his disposition, and it was not al- ways possible for him to hide his disappoint- ment. ¢ . - Strauss was & Bwabian by birth. He was born Jan. 27, 1808, at Ludwigsbarg. 'His father was a small merchant of the place, naverre- marksble for. his business-talent, and fonder of the cultivation of his mind than careful of the good-will of his customers. Horacs, Virgil, and Ovid, he found more congenial than his country-patronaj and he was always readyto neglect the Iatter.for the former, with whom he ‘was able to hold converse in their own tongne; snd, when he did not neglect his businesa for his favorite posts, he did for his pet baes and plants. Mysticism had always 2 charm for bim, and books on mysticism wero his constant com- panions. His temperament was irritable. With his son he had httle in common. Not so Strauss’ mother,—s womaa of the most practical good sense,—plain, simple, gentle, stern when neces- sary, and far removed from the mysticism and attachment to dogms which characterized her husband. Straues always said that he owed much ‘more to her tban to his father. From her he in- herited his finely-proportioned head, iis chiseled features and expansive brow, his humor and love of the simple and beautifal in Nature. The father’s violent temperament sud iron will were transmitted %o the son ; also, his love of art and esthetic culture, of music, poetry, sud the drama. _.Strauss gave early evidence of. good poetical talents, and there is no doubt that, had he cuiti- vated the Muses, he would have left a permanent name as a poet. David was tbe third child of his parents, . The two elder children—one a boy, the other » girl—had died before he was born. After him two other children wére born,—one of whom died in infancy, the other in 1863. = The fature writer was exccedingly delicata when = child, and his lack of robust health excluded him from the manlier sports of boys of his age. From the very first he gave evidence of s poetic temperament, great receptive powers, soiidity of attainment, and remarkable industry. In the full of 1821, when 14 years oid. young Strauss was gent to Blaubouren,-to begin his gtodies in the Preparatory Evangelical Semina- ryat that place. Here he remained for four years,—ths time allotted for the course there. Among his teachers at Blaubeuren wera Profs, Kern'and Bsur, who afterwards followed him to the University of Tuebingen, which he entered in 1825. The four years spent at the Preparatory Seminary st Blsubeuren wrought a grest change in the boy. He entersd it a shy, timid, homesick Iad. He left it, s young map, commanding the regard of all who know him for his earnestness a8 & worker, the independence of his judgment, and the originality of his mind, At Toebingen he dovoted -two years to philosophy and history, and three to thenlogy. ‘At this timo Schebling was his favorite in philos- ophy, and the RBomantists his favorites in poetry. The Romsnotist school of poetry had done much to intensify his faith in all things Christian ; for. at this time, doubt had not yet troublod the conscience of ‘the future champion of Heterodoxy. .Eant he forsook for Jacobi,— the philosophy of the head for the philosophy of the heart. * In 1830 Strauss had eompleted his thaological studies, and carried off two prizes,—one as a preacher, sud the other as s catechist. He was immediately appointed vicar to a preacher i the countty, not far distant from his father's bouse. Hs was consequently a frequent visitor &% -~ his father's home. His thoughts op religion had already begun to sssume an unorthodox form, at which his father _did not hesitate to express his regret. It was dif~ ferent with bis motlr. Sho had always sym- pathized with him, as she did to the end - The young clergymsn wWas moch beloved by his country congregation. In his sermons he dwalt exclusively on the ne- -cessity of practicalreligion. and avoided specula- fion and criticism. He did not remain in his first position long. In 1831 he went to Maul- ‘bronn to tesch Latin, . history, and Hebrew. 'There he staid about-nine months, when he re- -psired to Berlin to hear Scaleiarmacher. and Hogel. Hegol- died shortly after Btrauss hsd “ootae to Berlin, aud ‘befors ne’ had heard more Sanoneof hislecturea. Schleiermacher he heard frequently. It was.bere that the thought first came to him to write the Life of Christ. He hsd sccepted a position in the Uni- versity 'of Tuebingen, but gave it up after three sessions, in ordar to devote himself to his work, The first volums appearsd in 1835, From the day of its appearance, Strauss’ position in history was determined. His standpoint when bis first Life ‘of Christ sppesred was that of Hegel's philosophy, and he had not entirely re- Jocted the Christian religion, sincs he still main-’ tained the doctrines of the Incarnation and ths Atonement. Buperior as a plece of didactio and critical writing to anything which German litera- ture had yot produoed; embodying all the difficulties which destructive criticism bad hith- erto prevented ; captivatingly clear and sur- prisingly sacute, the book, oa ita appearanco, prodnced & panic in the religlons world. *The heart spoke forth its terror at the ides of losing its most macred hope, the object of its deepest trust,—an historio Savior.” The yesr 1835, in which the book was pub- lished, was & religiona 1848, It madeno con- wverts ; but it sent many back to Lutheran Ortho- doxy; many others forward into Pasitivism, Pantheism, and Materialism.. The Tacbingen scholars had been discussing what kind -of his- tory the Gospels were. Strauss boldly asked: + Are thoy history at all %" The Gospel-history, 1o claimed, bad its origin in the Jewish expecta- tion of s Messiah. -The prophecies were to ba fulfilled in him. Hence the Gospel miracles. Hencs the miracalous life of Christ. An ides, not an individual, was the root and foundation of Christisnity. . [ The publication of his book, of which new editions were rapidly called -for, mecessitated Strauss’ removal from Tuebingen. He accepted position na preceptor in the Lyceum of his na- tive town. Buthis new occupation could not ploase him long. Feeling himself s master in philosophical eriticism, he’ could mnot be satisfied to confine himself, week after week, to the instruction of & few scholars in the eloments of learning. Besides, Living in Lud- wigsburg, he could not avoid his father, who would willinglv have reeigned the honor of being the parent of the author of the Leben Jesu. Strauss sccordingly left his mative place and went to Stattgart, with the intention of devoting himself exclusively to literary labors. New editions of his work being called for, he took occasion of the demand to add to and perfect it. For a time he undertook to defend the position he had assumed in his work, and even to act upon the aggressive : but, growing tired of the disputa, he-wrote to his friend Zeller that, when the third edition of his book had come from the press, he would have pothing further to do with theology. And, indeed, for & numbor of years after this, he confined his attention to subjects which had scarcely any theological significance. What bis: views wers sbout 1840 may be gathered from his Fuedliche Blaetler and other smaller warks. He maintained that tho hope of reward in another world was not, and should ot be, to & man, & resson for doing good; that reason could not affora ua a ground for belief in Chris:, even if our accounts of Him were his- torically more ceriain than they are; that the be- lief in redemption by suffering is not cqusonant with our ideas of morality; that neither the supernataral birth of Christ nor BHis Divine nature could be reconcilsd with our ways of thinking ; and that the worship of Geniua was the only one which the modera man could tol- erate, Ho still, however, clung to a modified belief in Christ; and maintained that, inssmuch 28 men would never be without religion, inso- much they would never bs without Christ; that the lesa we hold o opinions and to dogmas, the more will we hold to Christ as the highest ex- ponent _of religion,- a8 Him without whose presenco in our minds no perfect piety i pos- sible. 2 5 i Strauss frequently felt his isolation from all men, and therefore hailed with delight his ap- pointment to & Professorship in the University of Zurich by the Liberal Government. His pleasure, however, was of short daration ; for the people rebelled against the action of the Gov- ernmeot, and the Ministers themselves had tore~ sign in consequence. For a time. after thus, Strauss felt himself an ontesst in a world which had po place for him. In this way he had to make atonement for his early success. To the pain caused him at this period by bis conscious- neas of “moral uselessnoss,” was added that produced by the death of his mother. Twoyears Iater, m 1841, his father died. He nmow removed to Stattgart, whers he lived, simplo and retired, in & small house furnished by himself to his own taste,—his sole recreation being s walk, a visitto the thestrs, or. thd intercourso of his friends. The results of his labors during tbis period was his Glanbens Lehre, the first volume of which ap- peared in 1840, the second in 1841, After this, although he wrote a little, it was withont any zest. - He even remarked to a friend that to write he must be provoked to it by anger. Shortly after the sppearance of the-last- named book, Strauss met Agnese Schebert, an actress of great beauty aud talent. He was married to hor at Heilbronn, in 1842, in the presecce of » few friends. This marriage was not a happy one. While a bachelor, Straues conld find no congenial occupation outside. Now he had no pesce at home. Hia wife and himself had contracted a marriage not madein heaven; and, afier five yoars of endeavor to get along together, they separated, and Strauss again became s wanderer, remaining in Do one place longer than a fow years. All his happiness was centered in his two children, whom his wife bad left him,—a boy and a girl. In 1864, after Strauss had been silent on theological queations for s quarter of a century, he published » revised edition of his book, for the German people. ‘In this book he is an out- snd-ont Rationalist and Deist,—his position very mach altered from what it had been in 1835, and even in 1840. Finding little companionship among bis con- temporariea, he reverted back into the past for sympathy, and studied with unbounded pleasure the lives of his great precursors,—Julian ; Rei- maurus, -author of the * Wolfenbattel Frag- ments; ™ Ulrich von Hautten, and Voltaire. These were the companions of his socisl banish- ment. These occupied him a$ intervals for a long series of years. 3 RBadical as Htrauss was in religion, in politics he was an extrems congervative. Of ubiversal sufirage he was & constant snd consistent oppo- nent. When be was sent to the Parliament of Frankfurt,in 1848, he was always arrayed ogainst the people, and on the side of the clergy and the nobility. For the masses he had the most thorough contempt. He remarked, on one oc- casion, that his blood curdled at the thought of pover passing over-to demsgogues and the masses. Strauss had little respect for the men around him. He felt that they believed as little 1 Christianity as did he; and accused them of being hypocrites before the world and befors themselves, clinging to a name when they had ‘given up the substance.’ 4 Among the few friendsof whose acquaintance, in his later years, Btrauss felt proud, was the celebrated German novelist, Berthold Auerbach, With Strauss’ Iast book, * The Old Faith. and the New,” the readers of TaE TRIBUNE are =l- resdy acquainted. It was & sad confession, but it was a true one. As he wrote to a friend when sending bim & copy of the book : I have made the confession which God commanded me to make. Xhave presched my sermon from the first to the laat. When I die, no one will be able to say that I owed anything to my sge or to my people. What I had I have communicated to ‘you. What remains, this book will tell you. I have no care sbout its fate. Ihave done whatT bad to do, and I have done it as well as I knew how. Happen now what will, I shall pacify my- gelf with the conviction that it waa necessary it ghould happen.” And thus calmly he informed ‘the educated world of to-dsy that they were not Christians, and had o religion except inasmuch a6 they had feeling ; that the soul was mortal and the grave its goal ; and that to the poets and momcisns man must turn for comfort in the day of trouble. Hin last book produced & senss- tion second only to that produced by his first, But Strauss consoled himself that he was bora to do better, and that his dsys must end as they bad begun,—in strife. Among the last thinga he said was, that the time would come when peo- ple would accept his' * Old Faith aod the New,” 28 thoy had his Lifo of Jesus. He, however, did not expect to see that day. From -October, 1673, he -ssvk rapidly. He soon recognized that his end was not far dis-- tant, and manifested great anxiety to show him- self true to thé convictions of his life, even to theend. His trouble was general prostration. Hespent his lass birthdsv, the 37th.of January, pleasantly in the compsoy of his son. Feb. 7, towards evening, bis condition grew saddenly worse, and, next morning at 6 o'clock, he breathed his last in the arms of his gon. He had given orders that he should be buried in the simplest manner, in & cofin made of the wood of the fir-tree. His foneral took place on the 10th of Februiry. No bells were rung. No clergymen participated in the cere- mony. His son, a goodly number of friends, soveral officers of the garrison, sud & deputation of - students from the Btuttgart Polytechnio School, participated in tho strange funcral ser- vices. The coffin was covered with laureis. A few.friends spoke of the merits of the deceased, and all that was left of Strauss was committed to the earth. He had lived through ‘many ‘nhases of religious conviction. - He died withont sny whatever, but, strange to say, with the fall conviction that he had only reached s littlo sooner than his contemporaries the ultimate réligious views of the Europeéan educated man in the future, — FRANCE. DEMOORACY AND MONARCHY IN FRANCE. FuOM Tux INGEPTION OF THX GREAT. REVOLUTION “30 TE OyEsTHROW OF THE S5cop Exrizr. By CraRLES KEXDALL ADANS, Professor of History io the Univeraity of Michigan. 12mo,, pp.6ik. Now Yorx: Heary Holt & Co, For nearly a century past France has presented amazing and melancholy spectacle to the civilized world. The scenea in & kaleidoscope shifts with scarcely more celerity and unexpact- odness than have the forms of Government in her political arena. A Monarchy, s Democraoy, sa Ochlocracy, & Republic, a Despotism, an Em- perorship, have repeatedly followed each other with s swiftness and eompletaness that have obliterated, in every instance, nearly every trace of the vanquished and receding power. In the eighty-0dd years since the outbreak of the Great Revolation, the nation has been ruled by fifteen distinct administrations. The spirit of revotn- tion hias possessed the people, ind, s if insane or intoxicated, they bave overturned with reck- less fury, one after another of the diverse sys- tems of Goveroment that they have success- ively instituted. To tear down, to destroy, the existing power, whatever it may be, has been their passion. aod they have indulged it without control or calculation. . This. chronic discontent, this incessant rest- lessneen and thirst for chaoge, have composed a social problem which has hitherto bafiled solu- tion. What are the elements in the Freach charactar that oppose themselves 8o resolutely to order and stability? What train of causes has, in the course of conturies, created this teverish, fickle condition of mind, that vents itself in perpotual revolt against authority and law? Thess questions have bean the subject of searching study, and light has been thrown upon many of their features; but no writer within our scquaintance bas succeeded in rendering all their points 8o luminous as the one wnose book is now before us. ¥ - The Englishman, the German, the Frenchman, are equally unfitted by national prejudices for a broad and impartial review of the career of France during the last bundred years, A deep and abiding santagonism disqualifies the first two for & right understanding of the facts in the case ; while the distorted vision, which makes 1t impossible to guide his political destiny aright, effectnrlly dicables the last. Clearly, in point of nationality, the American has the advantage in an attempt to resolve the onigma which mod- ern French history presents. And, of American writers, we know of noune better adapted for the work, by temperament, intellect, and scholacship, than Prof, Adams. He -has herstofors shown his capacity in & couple of papers dealing with certain phases of the po- litical gitustion in France, which were published in the North American Reriew. Competent critica read them with the conviction that the author was one who, from & commanding posi- tion, surveyed the scenes and the figures in the tarbulent panorama of France. The essays in the present volume, distinct and yet coheriog in s compact narrative, and covering the entire period since the Ravolution of 1739, confirm the belief that, in Prof. Adams, France has found s moat sble interpreter. Calm and judicial in judgment, acute in analysis, comprehensive in percaption, and abounding in knowlege, he de- tects the recklessness and the errors in her char- actar and conduct, and, following them back- ward to their origin, reveals causes and conse- quences in an stmosphere of mmgular trans- parency. The opening ehapter of the book, on *‘The Philosophers of the Revolution,” contains the whole explaoation of the mystery of France, Did it atana by itself, it wonld furnish s eatis- factory transiation of the most obscure and pazzling passages iu her recont political career. The ignorance of the masseaand the Atheism 6f the upper classes aro the two prime evils that have led to the degeneraoy, the anarchy, and the final downfall. of the country. From the reign of Charles VIL,in 14f1, to the accession of Louis XIV., in 1643, the internal condition of Frauce was one of perpetual warfare between the aristocracy and the Bovereign. Richelien succeeded in crushing the nobles, and centering the governing power in the King ; and thence- forth there were but two orders in the nation,— the Royal, the titled, tho clerical, on the one hand, and the common people, on the other ; the rich, the courtly, the elegant, over against the poor, the illiterate, and the vulgar ; and the gulf between the two gaping wider every day. The yeomanry wers, in the age of Louis XIV.and Louis XV,, in reality extinct, and the burden of supporting the privileged classos in their idle- nees and lurury rested directly upon the lower classes. bowing them down {0 the dust. Whed Louis XVI. came to his inheritance, the peas- sntry were starving on a miserable diet of bread and gruel. The cruel wrongs of the eighteenth century had reduced them to the deptbs of pov- erty and despair, and they were ready, like fam- ished wolves,—or worss, like famished aud fren- zied men,—to turn upon their oppressors and rend them. While the great mass of the French people were thus being enslaved and embruted, the higher orders were becoming emasculated and corrupt throngh s system of philosophy which was founded by Helvetius and carried to its calmination by Roussesn. Beginning . with the anthor first mentioned, and continuing with Condlllac, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques, we have a series of writers whose influence on the morals and the fate of their countrymen eannot be overestimated. To the methods of reasoning which, by the power of genins, they rendered universaily popular, may be ascribed the unbe- lieving, mocking, flippant, and sensual charaoter of the French mind. The doctrines of Helvetius tzught that man is but & superior animal, owing to his advantage over the wild beasts to phyeical circumstances, deriving his pleasures from the sensibilities. and finding bis highest virtues in the gratification of ‘his sppetites and passions.. As on his surround- ings depend all all that he is or can have, it fol- lows, that, if they do not favor his desires, it should be hus effort to change them, regardlees of any idea of sacredness that may investthem. ‘This was the very Gospel of Atbeism and Rev- olution, sna France embraced it **with a kind of fury.” After Helvetius, Condillac promulgated » system of metaphysica inculeating that all ideas are the products of sensation ; hence, that morality consists in obedience to- tho demands and suggestions that arise from contact with ob- jectaaboutus. v - One effect of thess theories was to stimulate 9 a study of Nature as the source of everything,— a3 the only power whose laws were to be respect- ed,—and the result of this research, to which ber worshipers devoted their industry and iatel- ligencs, was the discovery of more new truths than the French nation had contributed to Beience in all her previous history. But another result was to create 2 body of pure and profess- ed Atheists. To loosen every bond of religion and morality, there was but needed the consum- mating influence of Voltaire and Roussenu. By the ridicule which the former poured upon the very name of religion, it was brought into utter and open contempt, and the last vestigea of rev- erence were destroyed. Roussean completed the demoralization by declaring that society bas no right to interpose laws npon the individual, who ebould enjoy unrestricted liberty to follow his own impulsps, and to confront any civie or social institation that offers to regulate or oppose hia wayward notions. Thess sentiments, adopted by the whole nation with enthusiasm, dealta final blow at the existence of all Government, and transformed every citizen into aninflammable and irrepressible revolutionist. In this light, is it suy longer a wonder that the spirit of lawlessness and confusion has been rife in France since 1t first broke loose from restraint in the lsst days of Louis XVL.? Owning no al- legiance to Divine or humsn suthority, and claiming the right to change their Government with every change of opivion, tbe people bave converted freedom into despotism, and mistaken liberty for the groseest license. Their philoso- phers had fully imbued them with the ides that they were, by right, sovereign rulers; but had completely undermined every idea of duty, of self-rostraint, and cf respect for law and order. The masses were sunk in ignoratce, snd the higner orders in unparalleled immorality; and neither class were fit to rule themselves or the other. Whichever faction gained the ascenden- cy in the ever-recurring revolutions inaugurated sn absolate tyranny. All prated of * Liverty, Equality, and Fraternity ;" and, in the firat mo- ment of attaining power, violated the most sa- crod rights of individuals and nations. Consider the different cdministrations which have pre- vailed in France from the copstitution of the National Assembly to the establishment of the present Republic, and it will be seen that one form of despotism Las foliowed another without interruption, except by intervals of the direst snarchy. In the second chapter of his treatiss, Prof. Adama shows how the doctrines of the philoso- phers of the Revolution took form in actual political lifs, and molded the subsequent character of French bistory. He follows the current of events from the point where the frightened and helpless King summoned a meet- ing of the States-General, to tbe period when, ten years later, French society, wearied and dis- gusted with its fapatic and fruitloss efforts to govern itself, was waitiog for i1t8 master. In the review of tbe frightful affairs which fill up this awful decade, it is made clearly manifest that the germs of this terrible harvest of revolution were sown by the pernicious writers—and those of their school—wlose teachings bave been deacribed above. The essey on the ““Rise of Napoleonism,” which follows next, and is reprinted from the North American Review, is most®sovere in its con- demoation of the Emperor. Not s principle of morality, not & spark of generous feeling, is as- signed to Napoleon. A mighty genius, & tower- ing ambition, and an unscrupulous will, are the elements which, in Prof. Adams’ opinion, made up the imposing character snd secured the brilliant career of Bonaparte. To the admirers of this captivating figure in tho foreground of modern history, Prof. Adams stands in the atti- tude of an iconoclast. He shivers with his irre- sistible logic an idol which it has been pleas- ant for the imagination to deify. The' benefits which the Emperor achieved for his country are ot left ont of the reckoning in summing up the deeds he accomplished, but the evils he wrought for France, and for all Europe, fearfully out- weigh the good in the balance. He had one of the grandest opportunities ever offered s0a ruler to strengthen, and enrich, and elevats a nation; and he used it to glurify himself, to eatisfy his personal ambttion. When at last e was ban- ished from his country, he left ber at the feet of ber allied enemies, har resources exhausted, her life-blood drained. . The remaining ahapters of the work treat respectively The Ruatoration, The Ministry of Guizot, The Revolation of 1848, From the Sec- ond Republic to the Second Empirs, Universal Suffrage Under the Second Empire, and the De- olive and Fall. Attogether, the volume pre- sents one of the mast profound and acceptsble expositions of the modern history of France which has yet been published. A word of acknowledgment isw due the pub- lishers, who have printed the book in large, fair type, which is s laxury tothe eyes. g e e Grand Encampment of Knights Templar. ‘The nineteenth triennial Conclave of the Grand En- campment of Enights Templar of the United Btates will bs held Dec. 1, 1874, at Now Orleans. ‘The Ilincis Central Ralroad Company offer special inducements s regards rate, tima, distance, and ao- commodations, which are far superiorto any other line, ‘The rate will be $25 for the round trip from Chicago to New Orleans, Tickets good, golng, from Nox. 20 :]nllll Dec. 2, and good, re! g, until Dec, 31 in- usive. “Distancs 175 miles shorter, and time twelve hours quicker, than any other ling from Chicago, and the only lins running slesping-cars through from Chicago to New Orleans without change; also gaod eating- houses and convenient hours for meals, Train leaving Chicago every morning (except Sun- day) at 8:15, has through sleeping-cars to Now Orleans. Time, Chicigo to New Orlesns, 47 hours and 45 min- utes, ‘For farther information inquire at ticket office Il linods Central Rallroad, 121 Bandolph strest. g sl o ek Insurance. Our resders doubtless remember an artfcle which appesred in pur issue of the 1]th inst., rolative to the Traders’ Insurance Compsny of this clty, and the very gratifying showing that Company makes. We are glad %o nay that the progress of this excellent home institu- tion for November is fully as gratifsing as that of any preceding period. Other tnstitutions may lay clstmto Iarger calibre, but they do ot carry any more solid shot than the Traders!, no matler whero they may hadl from. Their $500,000 in United States registored bonds, with a large surplns over and above all Labili- tiea of every kind, make their policies 35 good indem- nity 3 any one needs to hold, be he rich or poor. Of- fics 25 and 37 Chamber of Commerce, LaSalle street, Messrs. Bishop & Barnes. Tt is reported by good autharity that Messrs, Bishop & Barnes, the old relabla fur manufsctarers, corner State and Monroe streets, have mado In the past few weeks the largest fur sales ever made in this city, We ‘suppose this is owing to the immense sales of their new French fitting Seal and Mink Saoques. Their sloci »f Sable, Seal, 3lin*, Ermine, Lynx, Marten, aud chil- dren’s furs are tiis largest in the West. Ther muiea Bspecialty of making over, altering, and repiovng furs of all kinds, Ladies should give them acall when looking for goods in thelr line. fhalntatusinl S . No Nonsense. Thers is 0 much of promise sud so little of per- formance among men generally that confidence is therefore recognized as s plant of but slow growth. There are soma things, however, so sbundant in per— formance s« tosdmit of neither doubt or question. About such things there is no nonsemse, and chief ‘among these is the grand concert of the Public Library of Kentucky, which comes off Nov. 30. Indeed thers canbe no nonsense sbout this, Gov, Bramletie an- nounces it certainly for the day nsmed. For full in- formation spply to J. B. Watts & Co., Room 47 Metro- olitan Block, corner Handolph and LaSalls streets, Chicago, Iil. : Ruth’s. Tha watar of Baltimore is of excellent’ quality, but rather thin and expensive when brought hers by ex- preas in oyster-cans, As youare well supplied with Water, and want oysters, go 10 Ruth’s, 165 Dearborn street, and got a can of his celebrated “Square Brand,” oraquert or more of those splendid solid meats. Tife Js the piace £o buy if you want the warth of your monsy, ** Qur Stove Store.” Russell, No. 144 Madison street, i salling new and second-hand stoves at greatly reduced prices, If you want a stove, don't buy befors visiting his establish- ent. Old stoves taken in oxchange. Open evenings. It Is Not Strange that they are having sucha rush ot Stein's Dollar Store, As the goods sold there for one dollar cannot be purchased elsswhere for three dollars, and everything that pertatns to useful aa wall as arosmantal articles 'CHE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1874—SIXTEEN PAGES. can be found there for Christmas presents, that cer- tainly ia the place to look for them. Remember noth- ing bigher in price than §L. 106 East Madison, near Clark, Come early and svoid the rush. The Knabe Pianos. Mearrs, William Knabe & Co.: GexTLEuEN: Itaffords me great plsssurs to in- form you thatIhave chosen ona of your Comcert Grands for myimpending tour through the States during the sesson of 187415, Aly expectations as to the superior qualities of your instruments were, in consequence of thelr world-wide reputation, naturally very high, but allow me to re- mark that they were even surpassed by thereality. I have carefully tested all the prominent manufactures in Americs, and have found in your warerooms the plano which gives me satisfaction in every point, and. which will sustain ms most eficiently in the savers task befors me, ‘Thanking you most heartily for the liberal kindness which prompted you to place the instrument of my cholce at my dispoial, I remain yours traly, Trxeas CARRING SATRIT, Julius Bauer & Co., corner Stateand Monroo streets, are general agents for the Enabe pianoa. —_——————— Cloaks and Velvets. Wehave just opened twenty pieces of Lyons cloak velvets, splendid value, from $3 to $6 per yard below market prics. We have sn elegant velvet at $12, same 2250l last se2s0n at §18. Wearo making s specielty of velvet polonsise- and cloaks, and are manufactur- ing besver and cloth closks in elegant styles at very low prices, Cloaks of all kinds made to order. A splendid fur beaver jacket for $10, and imitation seal cloak at 312, Hotchkin, ralmer & Co., Noa, 137 and 139 State strest. — - An Excellent Institution. The Bryant & Stratton College is probably the best ‘patronized institution in the city, outxide of the public schools, Ithasalarge corpa of teschers, anda wids range of studies, There are classes mowin book- Xeeping, commerclal law, business arithmetic, writing, reading, spelling, grammar, algebrs, geometry, trig- onometry, tachygraphy, architectural drawing, mechanical drawing, and German. —_— ‘Washburne Recalled from Prance, but Gatzert, “ The Popular Taflor,” of 183 South Clark atreet, will still yemain in Chicago, and continue to make to measure beautiful pantaloons from $3 to $12, stylish suits from $25 to $40, and nobby overcoats from $20to $35, Bample garments always politely shown, and satisfaction gusranteed in ‘all cigoa, - —_———— TImportant Notice. To persons intending to invest in Chicago and sub- urbs, Wiliam A. Butters & Co. hereby give notics that a list of property worth over s million doliars has this day been piaced in thelr hands, which must be #old without pegard to past valuations. This sale will take place Monday, Jan. 11, 1875, Description cata- Iogues will will be furnished in due season, Furniture Trade. From the dajly shipments by C. C. Holton & Co, 269 and 271 Stats street, one would conclude that peo- ple will have farniture if times are hard, This house 18 maintained chiefly by wholesals trade, and are re- tatling much lower than other houres, aa they are sc- customed to amall profits, and deal strictly for cash. Now Then for More Bargains. We have bought another bankrupt stock of ladies” ‘boots and shoes, and ws promise auy one buying of us the best bargains they ever had. Seo prices of dress goods elsewhers in this paper, and compare with that you are aying other houses. New York Store, Nos. 284 snd 285 West Madison street, To Permanent Boarders. Metropolitan Hotel, corner of State and Washington stroets. . A few permanent boarders for the winter will find superior sccommodations at exceptionally low prices. Day bosrd reduced to §§ per week, Transient rates reduced to $.50 per day. J. H. Davey & Co. We remind our lady resders sgein of this dry goods house, st 224 and 226 West Madison street, knowing that purchasers there will be pleased with the orices of the bankrupt stocks they are now disposing of, ‘Wedding and Holiday Presents. An endless variety of new goods now opening at Abram French & Co’s, Nos. 101 and 103 Wabash avenue, imported expressly for wedding and holiday aifts, ‘Watchesand Diamonds at Great Bargains, Present buyers cannot well afford to forget the fact that Wendell & Hyman, wholessla and retall jewelers, 235 Wabash avente, sre going out of retall altogeth- er,—that they are selling thess goods at positive bar- gains. To Have Your Houses Heated camfortatly and thoroughly, it is only necessaryto buy an “ Anti-Clinker ” or * Barstow “ furnace, Easily mansged and economical, they are always reliabla. Bangs Bros., State snd Van Baren streets. FIRE INSURANCE. "~ NIAGARE FI Tostrance G s s, 140000000 Tnvested 1n U. S, Bonds, over $700,000.00 Losses Paid, over $4,000,000.00 23 YEARS' PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE. The “NIAGARA” IN- SURANCE COMPANY is not liable for any Pol- icy or Renewal issued after 1st January, 1874, by the “UNDERWRIT- ERS’ AGENCY,” so call- ed, THE CONTRACT OF THE UNDERWRITERS’ AGENCY OF NEW YORE HAVING EX- PIRED BY LIMITA- TION 31st DECEMBER, 1873. BEVERIDGE & HARRIS, Managers Western Department, 116 & 118 LaSalle-st., CHICAGO.- SAVINGS BANK. —— Pianos for Rent. Fine new 7T-octave rosewood planos. Rent momey educted if purchased. Prices, $300 to $700; war- ranted five years, Bsed’s Temple of Music, No. 92 Van Buren street, — Dendan. “You will not regrata trialof the tooth-powder “ Den- dan.” 1t gives a pearly whiteness; deliciously-flxvored and we warrant it to contain no injurious iogredient Gale & Blocki, 85 South Clark street. —_— Salvator Beer. Barrel No. 693 of Salvator beer, from the first Culro- backer stock-export beer brewery, will be tapped to- ‘morrow by Kirchoff, Nos, 122, 124, and 126 South Clark street, Bottled Mineral Waters for Families by Brck & Rayner, makers of the “ Mars Cologue.” Pl vttt el e S et CATARRH CURE. ~ TOWNE'S UNIVERSAL Catarrh CURE:. Read the following Testimonials from a dozen bottles given away: Mr. J. Y. TOWNE: Sir: Having be o troubled with Catarrh for 7 years, and tried vanous remedies without effect, 1 have st last found a cure in yoar UNIVERSAL CATARRH REME- DY. I found relief in using it the firat time. Iam usin the second battio and am almost entirely cured. _ I woul strongly recommend it toall troubled the same way. Any one to consalt me about it beforo uy ag It may do 0. MRS, R. H. GARDNER. 54 Bast Sixteenth-st. CHICAGN, Nov, 11, 1874, AMR. TOWKE: Your Universal Catarrh Guro gave me dochled saNer: w mach 30 I can safely sa T bave ascaped my gl Tal Sfac” el s sometrice L onid mat say ve years. e tral AL i °JGSEPH J. oHALLER. AMR. TO' DEARSID: The battle of Catarrh Curs you sent me I have taken, aud fiad It has belped momors then xay othar Temedy L evertried, and recommend ¢ toany oge troubl ith that compialnt. MRS 7. K, CORTIS. 1150 Tudiaoa-av. Crreaco, Nov. 7, 1874, MR. J. W. TOWNE: The Catarrh Remedy sou seat ms has given moro rellof than all othor remedies [ ever tried. 1bave not been troubled with headachs arising from It, aud fool & great deal better than 1 Eave for sor. eral months, aad. Tecommend it to all troubled with h. . A. L. CR CrIcaGo, Nov. 12, 1834, MR. J. W. TOWNE: My dacghter bas taken many remedies for Catarrh without any relief. ~ She bas taken eme boud of youe UNIVEKSAL CATARNH CULE aaa dedly better, o cure her. oHan A . D. OURTIS, 730 State-st. For Sale by all Whlesale and Retail Druggists. DISSOLUTION NOTICE. DISSOLUTION. THE FIRM OF FAIRBANK, PECK & CO. Is this day dissolved by matus! censent. 2 N. K. FAIRBAKK, Chicago, Nov. 16, 1534 JOHEN L. PEOK. The business will be continasd by . N. K. FAIRRBARK, . W. H. BURNFT, JOSEPH BRARS, Under the firm nsms of K. FAIRBANK & C0. STOVE POLISH. GEM STOVE POLISH. The Agency of the GEM BSTOVE POLISH has been transforred to Messrs. O, 8. HUTCHINS & CO., 65 end 67 South Wa- ter-st., Chicago. Merchants’, Farmers' & Hechanics' SAVINGS BANK, 15 Clarkst, <3Siopass Wet i 002, 014 Conrt Homse THE BUSINESS OF THIS COR« PORATION is confined exclusive- 1y to the receipt and care of Save ings Decposits and ¥Funds for In< vestment. No commercial or gen« eral banking business transacted. SUMS AS SMALLAS ONE DOL~ LAR received from any persony and a bank book furnished. MARRIED WOMEN and minox children may deposit money s¢ that no one else can draw it. INTEREST at the rate of G pex cent per annum, is paid on sums o1 One Dollar or more. THOSE DESIRING TO INVEST their savings upon real estate se- curity at a higher rate of interest than can be safely paid on Savings Deposits, should call at this Bank and examine its INVESTMENT CERTIFICATILS. ° SYDNEY MYERS, Mranagce. IS White Dinner Sets, For 12 persons, BEST QUALITY, $14-.00. Guld Band China Tea Sefs $10.00. ALS0, AN DMMENSE STOCE OF Decorated Dinner Sets, Fine Fancy Goods, (Clocks and Bronzes, Xec., &c., &c. OVINGTON BROS. & OVINGTON, 122 State-st TRENCH CATHOLLC FAIR The French Catholi Falr, now batug held Cbuch - corner Halsted angd Weat Conzrese continued one weck longor,. The ladics in chargo bave ‘made most strenuons eJorts to e the Yair faliy ‘worthy of tho patronage of the {rlends of the Church aud the public at large; therefore, they sarnestly v-flnzn that all woald contripate to their utmost abili-¥ ia siding thtn to maks this truly benevolent project & completa succoss, During the Jatter part of the past wesk several contribu- tions ‘received which will add much totbazt= alr. The Re ther Cote has been induced to extend the time of h: the Falr, 80 a8 1o insure it suocesn. A Grand Plavo, from Reed's Temple ar Masc, bas bean ganercualy taraiahod grals for the eocaslon. at the will te ot k.