Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 25, 1874, Page 4

. cash, snd 918,00 soller the year, THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: ¥FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1874, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE: TON 'ATABLE TN AhVAfl;l'z.r Basly, Ly matl 2,00 | hundar, S - Wackba i R b xili] Parisot nyearat the srnio rato. Py revent dolny and Wistakes, ko W O vonddves it i, taciuding tate and Connts, Ramittances may bo niado eithor Dy dratt, CXDross, Oftice md 1 i rezisterad Josiar, ot e Eisks RATEY OF suRseRt and givo Post b Port CHIME TO CITY RUNRCRIIENA Daily delivored, Sunay arccbled ::al vle\t: :;:: :::: Patlss celivered, Sunduy etudeds & cehts b s Atvons THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Cornor Mudiann i Doaskori-na,, Ubleago, S TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. FALY OF MUSIC—Halated strnat, hetsronn Mad- A O ey f #ho LiGgard Cambina: Mo, ** Mouslotr Alphotea.” RY'S THEATRE--Iandoloh stesat, botweon fll‘l‘rebl‘n}iylASlllm *'Tho Tanglod Chatn." WIGRIR'S TIRATRE—Madison stroet, batwoen nz’-"u‘\’u‘.fiflr‘.}lsxxno. 'Kngagowont of Joreph Jefloraon, “Rip Van Winklo." PRRA-HOUSE-Olark _stroct, oupoelto un?:?nfiflll’luun-o.“ Kolly & Loon's Minstrols. EXPOSITION BUILDING—Lakeshoro, foot of Adams atreot, e SOCIETY {he Typ- ATTENTION, COMPANY At 8 mecting of Pration, boldl af. Na. 4B Drar- e i Aioleory (orumitton wara o A A A7 G Morgam, M. MaDouongl n'flr?-':?"fi"“l'«:nnfxm“.ml A ‘u;;u::“." e fol ¢ aiticars wora, i o T 18t6 of (o Auntgomorss e, Wi, Kannedyy of the Oawagu Mar Tieutonant; B, l(nnun‘!l of tho Ayror: Fridoy Morning, September a5, 1874. A good many pooplo famitinr with tho story of thio Franklin Bauk will rogret to learn that Mr. Driggs, tho Cashier, was discharged from cua- tody yesterdny in Now York. Iy caso isono that ought to bo fnvestigated. Aron Anderson hns the bonoflt of an excol- lent counsel aud nccidoutal circamstenco, and thoy may briug him off wafo from the trial forar- won which o is now undergoing. He s accusod, it will bo romombared, of wetting fire to bis house. ‘Tho evidenco thus far taken ia atrougly {n bis favor. The gontlemen in Eastorn citios who speak 80 confldently of the fimay buildings apd in- cfficiont fira-apparatus of Chicago nro in com- perative ignoranco of the facts. Many of thom, like tho editor of tho New York Nativn, supposo that tho fire of lost July was in tha section of the city dovastated by tho firo of 18713 and no amount of reasoning will couvinco them that Chicago was not rebuilt to burn, Wo are weary of attemyting to remova the prajudices of theso gontlomen by calm aud trazhful statoments. Tuey will learn somo day that thore are serious objections to aftacking tho credit of & ity with- out fist examiving and confirming the roports on which their opinions ara based, Republican meotings were held last night in the Tentl, Bleventh, Twolfth, Thirteonth, and Fourteenth Wards, and soveral cluba swero or- ganized. _The Opposition in these wards hos no time to lose, ond vo strength to spare. Ex-Sen- ator Woodard was welcomod back to the Repub- Jican party by tho Twelfih Ward meoling, and gave dubious testimony to the sincerity of Lis ropentance by kpenking honost worda coucerning tho Kellogg Government in Louisiana, and by proposing Lynan Trambull a8 & 4t man to rop- rosend tho Wost-Bide District in Congress. 1f thedo sentimonts oro indorsed by tho Ropublic- pog, wo shall undorstand that they lave como ‘to Benator Woodard, not that ho has gons to them. Faller and later nccounta of the recent expe- dition to tho Black Hills moderato vory sensibly the roseato descriptions of tho country famighed by Gen. Custor aud Gen. Forsyth. It was passed about as o joko at the army hendyuarters in this city, after tho return of tho expedition, that Col. Frod Graut was prepariug o minority roport, or adissonting opiiou, orsomething of the kind; snd o Washiugton dispateh published thia morning shows thut the assumed joko was * roslly serioua bueiness. Col. Grant wss spocial- 1y instracted, accordiug to tho dispatches, to ob- smerve the geological formation of the country and report upon ita miu‘xml resources. Iis opin- fon is that the gold * discovered ” by tho expedi- tion would bring about £3 at publio salo, and ho holleves that the ore was imported from somo nsany oflico, This is not all. Col. Grant speaks *In disparaging terms of the vegotable products of tho Black Iills rogion. Tho timber, ho says, Is for tho most part spruco aud yollow pine, and the area of tillable land very smull, Ool. Grant }s perbaps not tho most compotont peraon in the zountry to judye of gealogical formations ; but his opinion 18 eutitled to much consideration since it i8 supported by Prof. Witchall, and by tho indepondout tostimauy of a Commission tately dispatehod to the Hlaclk Hills rogion, which fooked in vain for avidovcos of mineral weslth. Tho latest contribution to Boechor-Tilton lit- »rature comes in the ‘formidablo sbape of a lottor Irom Catherine E. Fieocher, which wo print this morning. Miss I oecher searcoly furmshos a rufliclent oxeuso fror obtrading herself upon the public ina matte'e which maidon Indios who have no ovidence to uifer had beat leave alone. Bho was'evidontly possessod with an overmastering desire to broathe forth smomo of tho pent-up fury of the family, =aud doos it with vuo impetuosity of a steam- enpgine, Hror lotter has ono jmportant ad- mission, viz.: that‘tho propriotor of tho Indo- pendent (Mr. Dowen) was tho originator of tho wholo troukle, and this furnishes another renson why Mr, Bowem, i€ he relains tho slightest soll~ " sespoct, shoulzl come forward aud toll what he kaows ; or, if’ he knows nothing, explain why be bas maligned Mr, Beochor in the pust. Tor tho rost, Miss Pieechier’s flrst opistloto the Gothamites slrawa & teanper which would do credit to s mother= Jo-law sigch as Mr. Tilton depicts, Bhioimpalea all shs partios to the scandat sxcept thoso'wearing tho nsme of Boeocher, aud flually weakons her statemont, which is a meroe partisan und family defenae without svidence, by protesting that her brothor cannot get justicein theconrts, 1r Alius Beechor's Lrother canuot be vindieated in tho courts, wo foar that he will never be vindieated; 1s0d B nn;uy protost sgainst carrying the casa therais the last thing that Mr. Hoacher's hest friends would have advised. The Chicago produce marl oro weal yen- terday, aud some of thom dall, Aloss pork wes quiet and 26@i0¢ por brl lower, closing at §22,25 Lard was quiat and essier, at 14%@160 por 1b cash, and 113¢@113{c gollor the yoar. Moate wero quiet aud o lower, at 9@08)(c for shouldors, 18%@ 1830 for short midales, and 12X@12%0 for sweot-plokled hams, Highwines wora qulat and staady at $1,03 por gallon, Lake froights woro duil apd stoudy, ut 8o for whoat to Buffalo, Wiowt was quivt and unchauged, \Wheat was moro activo and 1@2 lowor, closlng at D83do eah, D8!¢e for tho month, and B33go for Octo- ber. Corn was moderntoly nctive, and 2lgo lowor, ‘closlng Atrong ab 81@81% o sollor tho montl, and 79}¢o for Ootobor. Oats wore ac~ tivo and 2@4c lower, closlng flrmor at 500 cnaly and 490 for Octobor, Ryowns quiet sud onslor st 00@lc. Barley was quiet and 2@3 lowor, nt ¥1.02 for Soplomber, and 96}¢e for October, Hoys wore 10@20c lower. .Balos at 36.257.40. Cuttlo mifdd shoop wers quiot and: unchanged. fho recommoudation of the Exccutivo Com- mittos of tho National Doard of Underwritors, that no furthor risks bo takon In Chicago by companles connectod with the Doard, was the absorbing thomo of conversation in businoss cirglos yostorday. TrneTninuxg hnd the ploasuro, such aa it was, of boing the firat nowspaper in tho country to publish tho nows; and we have tokon painy to gather mud lay boforo our ronders this morning oxprosslons of public opin- fon,—not only In thls city, but In Philudolphis, Now York, Boston, Hartford, and Springfold,— concorning tho rosclution of the Buard. Any poreon who consults our columns will learn what offoct the action of the Board fmmodi- ately produced iu the minds of morchants, inauranco agonts, monoy-londers, and eapitaliuts gonorally in Chicago, sud also tho feoling in view of it in the priucipal money-markots of tho Uuilea States. A fullor and moro acourate opitomo of publio opinion on any important local matter was perhaps nover before attompted by » nowspapor. e Bome of the developments made i)y our raport. ors aud corraspondonts azo worthy of briof re- enpitalation. In the firat placo, it is evident that tho businoss mon of Chicago are not alsrmod or discourngod. Thoy hava full confidonco iu tholr ability to sccure lJines of good inswrauce whouover thoy bhave the mnced. Anothor point is the strongly-oxprossed disap- proval of the Board's action by many agonts In Chicago. 'They beliove that tho Ex~ ccutive Commitreo’s sdvico fa promatutro and in- Jjudivious ;. and specially rewark that it is, nfter all, meroly advice, and may bo adopted or uot, oy individual companies mny dotormine. Prob~ ably not more than hslf the Bourd companics will leave tho eity. Wo mnotice furthor, thint nobedy in Chicago whoso opinion i8 worth baving doubts that all tho companios will roturn bero in a few yesry 3 and bo glad to got back, The IHurtford companics will be: forced to do so by ronson of tho largo intorosts of tholr stockholders n tho lifo comypauios, whoso loans fin Chicago would bo at onco imperiled by the lack of relisble firo insuranco. Thoro is one moro consideration, which needs to be men- tionod rathor than urgod. It is that tho with- drawal in tho first " instauce i8 the work of New York wholcsale morchauts, who kopo lu this way |' torecover o part of tho jobbing trade which has latoly coutered in Chicago. When this attompt has fuiled, and iho New York morchauts aro sutistled of ita failure, as thoy wail be in a few months, thoro will be no organ- ized opposition in tho Last to the return of sl tho Board compauies, In the wmeuantime the Stato aud municipal guthoritios will tave taken smple mensures for the protection of the city ; and the loss of the companies will havo boeu shown to be our everlasting gain. CHICAGD AND THE UNDERWRITERB. The ustion of tiie Nutiousl Board of Under- ‘writors, cruel and unjustifiablo as it s, is nover- theloss a fact which hes to bo met. Tho prap- orty of all kinds 1 Chieago—buildings, machine- ry, morchandise, and houschold goods—ia in- wurad for possibly £300,000,000. . Tha Chicnga undorwriters ropresent some sovonty compnnies, of which fifty aro members of the National Board. ‘Tho actiou of the National Doard is, of course, marely advisory, avd its mombera are at liborty to follow tho udvico or mot. It is immaterial, Bowavyor, whotlier theso companios actually with- draw in whole or iu part, whatever damage and iujnry tho Notional Board could do to the credit and intorosts of Chicago bus been done, and we must face the consoquences, Clieago has & City Govornment that is not alivo to iho importanee of prompt action in im- portant mattors. Tho fire of July 14 cronted s panto among stockholdors of jusurance vompa- uies which might have boon allayed by wrompt action u tha pact of the City Government, but the Fire-Limits ordinance was uot mado effcctive uuntil the middloe of Sepiomber. In the mean-~ timo, the National Bozrd, acting under the in- upiration of panic-siricken stockholders, had de- mandod, as a condition of their countinuing to do busineas in Chieago, the following action : 1, That the fire-lwlts should be made coextensivo with ths ehty, 2, That a now Building law, like that of New York, should be sdopted. 3, The reorganization of the Fire Dopartmont, 4. Au fucreaso in tho aizo of tho wator-maius in sove oral districs, &, Authoritativo investigation of the causes of all fives, 6. Tho romoval of lumbor-yards and hnzardous ‘Dbutldiugs trom the sonthiestern part of tho city, Tleso demands include roforms that must bo adopted whothor insurance compauics ga out or atayin. The flre-limits have been oxtended, and tho clty is layiug now and larger wotor-mainy, In this laut particular, oitizens and proporty-ovwn- ers in {ho businous part of tho city aro Inying at their own cost large mains to bo used oxclusivoly for firo purposes. To enact the proposed Build- iug law roquires action by tho State Legislature, which alono Is authorized In this or any othos Stuto to pass such & law, Tho reorgamzation of the Pire Department unfortunatoly raquires a ohaugs in the prosont State laws, and the ennct- meut of othars~—both boyond the jurisdiction of the City Govornmang. ‘Tho removal of tho lum- Dor-yards from the river dooks is wbout as prac- tieablo as to requiro the removal of the shipping from Now York harbor, Theao lumbor-yards, of thomsolves, aro not particularly hszardous. Thore is no caso on record of & firo originating inthem, Provision for thoir protection in case of flre bas boou mado aud will bo rapidly por- {fected, by steam-pumps on tho tug-boats of the river and on tho nelghboring docks. Thera ia no law rud no logal nuthority that can compol the romaoval of six to olght miles of lumbor- yards within sixty days, fa roquirod by the Na= tional Board of Underwritors, The first thing to be dono is to enlarge the wator-malos in the businoss portion of the city. We strongly suspoot that our water-pipes aro avon now aa large o those of Now York, Phila- dalphls, Baltimore, Clncinoatl, or 8t, Louis, but wo have found that thoy are luadequate—that thoy are too soon sucked dry ioalarge firo, Thia I8 & polnt In olty ongineoring which soems to havo been overlooked by our publio authorl- tioa, and tho doflcionoy must be romedled it it taken tho shirt oft our baoks, The cost of B-lnch maing in $1.80 por front foot of tho proporty ou ench side of the atreot. Proporty- ownors, by paylng %160 par front foot into the DBoard of Publio Works; ean have an 8duch maln 1ald along: tho atroot, and provided with all tho weoded firo-plugs. Tho additional chargs for inpuranco on proporty fronting on stroots with 3 or 4-Inch supply pipo Is 5O eonts on tho §100. Horoaftor that chargo will proba- bly bo doubled. Tho prosout oxira cost of In- suranco for tho want of the 8-inch main is ss follows : On a houso with contenta worth Ona lotre with contonts worll 5,000, 00, ‘This la the *oxtra” charge which property- ownors are now paying in cortaln localitics, for tho want of Iargor pipes, whon tho total cost of putting down tho 8-inch main {s but £37.60 for onch lot of 25 foot front, Theao peoplo sre pay- Ing many times as much snnually for extra in- surance s would pay for laying the largor pipo, Another extrs ohargo of 1 per cont is made for the absenco of iron shuttors on cortain large- slzod buildings, Thouo shuttors cost but 816 ondh, whilo tho extra insurance for the want of them will avorage 25 cach snnunlly. Bo, teo, with woodon Mausurds ; buildings with woodon Mansards pay 1 per cont oxtra inaurance on building and contonts, whon they could bo chunged into non-combustible material for less thian tho cost of two monthw' fusuranco. The next thing to be done is to reorganize the Tire Dopartment, and this must noeds b done probably ovor tho heads of tho Fire Commis~ sfonors, Tho - oxtromo mullshness of this Board will bo overcome, if at all, by an act of tho Legialaturo abolishing them altogether. Whother the Fire Dopartmont is really inefii« clont or not, it {8 suficiont that the country at largo thinks so; and wo ' canaot wake head sgainat s sontimont so porvading and so dooply rooted, 'Tho prosent Chiof of the Fire Dopnrt- mout ought to pay enough reapeot to that sonti- ment to resign, and the Bosrd of Commissioners ought to pay cnough respect to it to appoint Gon, Bhalor (if his servicos can ba seoured) in his place. But if pig-headod obstinacy continues to rulo tho day, wo must make an issuo of it in . thecoming election for mombors of the Legislaturs, avd send s dole- gation to Springficld to bowl them all out. Wo fanoy that, boforo tho ides of Novem~ bor, tho people will oo tho danger to their broadaad butter with asuficiout clearness to tako s livoly interest in politica, and that thoy will make sn issuo on tho Firo Departmont rathor than on the woes of Gov. Kellogg, of Louisians. The noxt thing to be attonded to is & Building Inw. This is a vory simple matior, and as thero aro very fow porsons pow desiriug to build there will bo litlo resistance to such a law, The im- portance of it cannot Lo ovorestimated. Tho most effcotunl responso that can bo made to tho foul blow of tho National Board of Under- swritors will bo this prompt and offcctusl sotion by tlio paoplo in themselves providing all the needod aud all the possible protoction gainst fira, Theso things done (and the pecunfary cost will bo comparatively littlo when compared with the oxtra insurance now paid), tho credit of Chioago will not only bo restored, but placed higher than it over has been, and the bost insurance of the country will como hore, scoking business at rates far bolow anything that Chicago has ox- porfonced in tho past thico yoars. MR, BOHURZ'S SPEECIH LABT NIGHT, Mr. Schurz's addroas on natioual affairs, do- livered at St. Louls last night, was ontirely worthy of tbe candid, logical, snd oloquent stateaman. We givo a very full roport of that portiou of it relating to tho Louisaua troubles, Alr. Behurz's viows on financial and other mat- tors of publie policy having already beon freoly presented to the public. Ilis utterancos aro likoly to commond thomselves to fair-mind- ed men of all politica, Hoe ponotrates the confusion of thoe Southern condition, put- tivg aside tho politiecsl prejudicos | and orrora that have misled men of cvory faction. While commending tho action of the Adminie- tration in londing its aid to the prompt suppres- wion of the Louisiana rovalt, ho goos brek to the origin of the insurrcction, which he finds in tho couspiracy to *‘croate a State Govornment” by the Fodoral powers, This was tho original crime which farnfsned the examplo and provocation for thioso that followed it. It was the viclous out- growth of thesystematic use by Fedoral offico- liolders in tho Bouth of the power their oflices gave themn toshapeStateafisira in the interests of their party. Tlus high uuurpnzlbu was virtually sanctioned by tho neglect of Gongressto roprove it and sot it mside. On tho other hand, Mr, Schurz doos not supprees the respousibiity of tho Southern pooplo for their own tronbles by thoir failure to put dowa tho Ku-Klux outrages that bavs broken out from timo to time, aud punish tho lawlcss rafiians that bhave infested different seotions. But tho danger now is somo- thing worso than Ku-Klox Jawlossness or popu- lar auarchy. Itis what 3fr. S8churz aptly calls Ythe anarchy of powor — lawlessnesy of nuthority,” He mnow Insists, on the ono band, that Congress shall undo the wrong dono to the Louisiaua poople under tho Fedoral sanction ; aud, on tha otber, that the White Mon's Leagues in tho South shall be diebanded, as well as all cligues nnd combinations basad on the sutagon- {um of races. ITe warng the nogroes to take in- dividual politieal action, ranging themsolves ac- cording to porsonal profcrencos or judgment with either party, o that thoy niny command re« epect and protection from bath. Finally, ho forosoes i tho passago of tho Clvil-Rights biil the utter aunihilation of the public-school sys- tem now sustained by the whites at tho South and bollevos that this would be the grentest blow, that could bo aimed at the progress of the negro race, it i8 @ rare ocenrrouce In our political lifo that auch osruest, thoughtrul, ana- Iytlo, impartial, aud unpartisan troatmont of ox- i#ting public eveuta s prosanted as Mr, Behuvz's address gives ug, Tho upivit which has prompted it should hinve & hoslthtul effect upon political sontimant, and tho statesman who atteved it s desorving of tho gratitude of poople overywhore, e et HOBPITAL OR COURT-ROUSE P Our County Commisaioners are eithor a vory irnorant or a very culpablo set of mon, Every man of thom s, or ought to bo, aware of the fack that & pow hospital I8 an lmmediato anil prossing necessity, Tho courso of ' the Commlae sloner In regard to this hospltal has from the first boon simply disgracoful to themuolves and ta tho community they misrepresont, More than two years ago thoy began tho immonso teak of wolecling & hospital lot,~n transaction which ought to oconpy & man scouatomed to conduct. iog hils own concorns upon business principles porhups ono weok, Tho mo-called *Matthewa lot" wag at Isst purchesed, Lut an fodignant -community ropudiuted s transaotion so palpa. Lly dlsbonoat aud outragoous. Recently tho Baldwin lot Lies boon purchased, ond the result. g “ateal ” is aald to bo only €10,000, although 'many pooplo belisvo that it was much greator, /At alf eventy, poveral of the Cummissloners oxly oucnped prosecntion by virtua of what tho Grand Jury called porjury. During all thistwo yoara of puttoring, tho condition and inadoquacy of tho okl hospital, and the diro neod of & new ono, hns been con. stantly urged upon the Commissionors, Thoy havo bean informod of the erowdod condition of the prosent wards; of the unavoldable filthi- nosg and viloness of the old bullding, in epite of tho best offorls of compotont oficiala ; of the imposnlbllity of secnring oven desont vontiln- tion j and of tho insufiiciont air-space allotted to ench patlout, aud of the danger of hud- dling patlonts togother under such clr- oumstances. Borcovor, thoy have boen moro than onco assured that poople wore dying on account of thess thiugs. It v probubly within the bounds of truth to say that “nt loast twonly necdless doaths bave ocourred In Cook County Hospital during the paet tiwo yoars ; and for theso needless doaths the Commission. ors aro respousible. - What i tho obstaclo in the way of bullding a choap, commodious hoapital ? 1t is not for want of & place to put it§ the land ia bouglt and paid for, and {8 now lylog idle and useless, It is not beeauuo we are tuo poor to bulld a houpilnl A community is rich enough to build one on the ‘ pavilion” plan, without foollng it, and ca- pecially 4 city as largo as ours, with such dig~ graceful accommodations for its sick poor as wo now bave. It ia not because the Commissionory fear the disapproval of tholr conatituents ; they koow that they do uot représent a community of barbariang § thoy know that every lunane man sud woman in Chicsgo and Cook County would Liail with delight a movemont which would rescue tho sick poor from breathiug the death-laden rir of tho old hospital, Is it not truo that visions of a mow Court- Houeo, and largoe contracts, aud the conscquent opportunitios for jobbery, have so obscured the vision of tho * statesmon " who logislato for th county that thoy cannot sce tho hospital at all? Unluss we groatly misunderstand the temper of tho community, the Commissioners will not do wisoly, to sny the leaut, if they plungo us into any Court-House schemo at all. Nobody is nctually dying for a Court-Honso; but men, women, and now-born infauts are dying because wo linve no decont hospitsl. The buildiug of o' Court-House mesns haavy taxation, in addition to tho oppreseive taxen wo are now paying ; but o lospital can be bwilt and sct in oporation for & sum 80 small that no tax-payer will feol it. The building of » Court-House means that un- told sums of the- peoplo’s money will bo stolon, aud that futnro Grand Jurios will have occaston to investigato perjury: but the total outlay for tho hospital will bo so small, and the conscquent temptation so slight, that *thore is no monoy in it* for seurvy politicians. This is the most ovi- dont and plausible reason why Cool County still suilers tho disgrace of her prosont hospital, and why she js throntoned from time to time with a $5,000,000 Conrt-House. _ THE TABIFF AND THE FARMERS, The 6,000,000 Americans over 10 years of age ongaged in farming are taxed an averago of sbout 47 per cent on all they buy, aud vory heavily on what they scll, for-the encouragement of the industries which give cmployment to 2,700,000 othor Amerioans, The farmer pays thia averago porcentago on bis tools, his fencing, bis houso- Liold utensils, Lis clothing,—on sbaut ovorything, in fact, that he buys. Hoasolls the product of his farm at the Livorpool price, less tho cost of trapsportation., That cout fs incroasod in a thousand ways by tho taxes ou iron and eteel and by tho other dutics which swoll the cost of railways and of their management, Ilo istaxed, - therofore, on what ho buys aud what ho sells. Tho farming army, 6,000,000 strong, is systematically Dled for the benofit of tho omployers of 2,700,000 pairs of hands. Tho argument in bebalf of thia monatrous wrong is tho speclous plea of a home market. It is said that protection to manufactures at- tracts oporatives to this country, and that those operatives, who would, abraad, live ouly par- tially on American-grown grain, live wholly on it horo; that there is, thereforo, an increased demand for it, and that in this way protection miore than compensates the farmars for the taxes it lays upon thom, ‘Chis is oquivalent to snying that the grain which it would cost the farmer 81 to produce under froo trade, and which pow costs him S1.47, tan now bo sold for enough more to cover thls incrensed cost, and to give him o larger profit than he could elear 1f tho cost of his wares had boen one-third less. It is a proven maxim of political econory that tho prices of the exported partion af anything produced by & couutry {u quantitios boyond its own noeds fixes tho homo price, For, if wheat could bo sold in Liverpool at 10 cents profit and in Now York at only 5, it would Lo bought up for oxport and shipped sbrond until the increased quantity there diminished the profit and the di- minishod quantity here incrossed tho profit. Tho ‘process would go on until the two wero equal, It is for this reason that tho farmer solls his grain at any pint in America at the Livor- pool price, Jeas ths cost of trousport. Ho must alwaye do so, untd tho population of thie coun- try consumes all ity agricultural products,—n stato of things which vory probably will never exist, and certaluly will not for many gon- crations, No matter how many deluded forolgnors, lured by flotitions wages that are high in mouoy and low in pur- chneing power, como here, ¢ their demand cannot scriouslyaffact the price of grain while exportation fxesthat prico, At prosent, tho ox- port price (aud m{ml‘nm tho lomo prico) is law, becausio the cout is high, The apperent paradox ia eastly oxplained, England exhausts tho surplus of the European grain fiolds batora sho draws upon Americy, because that surplus is oNorod to hor st lower rates thau ours ean bo, whon its cost hus been 8o swollen by taxation, Tho Amarican farmor could undersoll his Rus- slan rival in tho Liverpool market, and feed all tho millions of tho British Islos, it ho wore not bampored with thin weight of taxation, If wo had froo trado, he could produce his graln one- third chosper, ard could then wava ol that large part of tho costof transportation which repre- gonts the juterost on thie oxtra millions of dol- Jars which proteotlon baa . forcod the rail- way Dbuilders to spend. Tho {armer now pays, on an average, two busliels of whoat to carry & third bushel from kis farm to Liverpool, Under freo trado, ho would eave o cortain portion of tho two, and could offor this portion and the thira bushel togethar for about 483¢ por cent less than Lo must now demand for tho one bushel alona | The aumming up of the matter {a this s tho' tarlet alightly enlarges the bomo market, porhaps, aud dostroys & very great pary of the forolgn market; freo trado would open the market of tho world to tho farmer, aud would not diminish tho homs mar- kot to any appreclable oxtent, Tha farniors of the United States Lava the facts boforo them, Will 6,000,000 of them bo Touges taxed fta' (he bonells of & few huiidred mill-ownors ? Thoy cannot freo themsaolven by pnesing fron-trado rerolutions, Thoy must sond mou to Congrens who will pass froo-trada laws, Lot thom wateh thotr Ropresontatives, Let thom domand their bost offorta for tho overthrow of tho tariff monopoly. If tha farmers of the country would but opvora the tarfT-steal of mill- lons with a titho of tho vigor they showsd fn oppoeing (Lo back-pay stenl of thousands, the grent abuso would ‘suon Lo as dead sa tho little ouo. EQUAL RIGHTS IN INDIANA, ‘Whon Elbridge Gorry, aftor being twice de- Toated, becamo Governor of Massachusotia in 1810, ho plauncd, or at least sanclioned, a law Tor carving the Biato into acute-nugled distriots, the majorily of which could be depended upon toreturn Democratio leglwlators. Oue of the moana used to opposo tho measnre was tho pub- lication and ciroulation of & skotch of the long- drawu, distorted dlatriets of Lnetorn Massachu- gotte, A copy of it was posted on the wall of n Nawburyport nawspapor offics, A casual visttor added hoed aud claws to tt, aud sald to the editar : ‘*8Beo this salamandor.” Tho latter, filled with sudden inopiration, roplied: **1'd call it & Gerry- maudor,"—and Elbridge Gorry was damued to ovelasting fomo, When ho died, two yesrs later, a8 Viee-Prosident of tho United Btates, ho knew thet gerrymandering was already & common word, and that tho practico it denoted waa rapidly bocowming common, Tho efforte of himsoll and bis descenvants to shake off tho odim of the invention, though they resulied ju converting tho latoer editors of Webster's Dictionary into the boliof that Lie was innocoat (zide the Dictionary), were of no avall with tho publiec. Buch a safo mothod of stealing tho votes of & hiolpless minority was sure to bo practiced. It wasalready namod and tho .namo atuck, All partios gorry- mandored whenever they got into power. It s only very recently that public morality hus renchiod such a high pitch that protests against thio practice bave had any woight, Lven uow it would be hard to find any politiciau sublciently sinless to cast tho first etono at tho lden.. In Indiaua, the killing of votos in thin way hng realized Do Quinoy’s idea of murder as a fing art, Qur symputhy for the Demoerats who grosu under it now muat ba somowhiat mitigated by tha recollection of thelr similar deeds when m power in that Btato. Nevortholess, tho facts of wrong.are sppalling. It is no wonder that thoy.havo bocome an issue of the campniyn, and that Gov. Hendricks secks to put his party in power sgain by reciting tho ovils of the Ropnb- liean apportionment, aud by promising justice from a Democratic Logislature, In the elcction of 1872, tho Democratic mujority for Governor wae1,019, Tho Ropublican majority in tho total voto for Congressmon waa 626. 'Theae 620 mon elected moven Congrossmen! Tho 183,690 Democratic votors choso three Congress- men by au aggregato majority of 18,230." The 164,222 Ropublicans roturned ten Congressmen by an aggrogate majority of 18,856, Thus cach of tho threo represented 54,633 votors, and each of thio ton roprosouted 16,432, Evory ballot cast,| for Republican eandidate countoractod throo- aud-s-third cast against him. Thisfs bad enough, but worso romaine., Morton, for obyvious roa- BODS, 18 'much moro anxious that tho Indlans Ro- publicaus should bave & majority of the Legisla~ ture thau of tha Congrossional dolegation. The main enorgies of the framers of tho Apportious thont bill wore thereforespont upon the legisla- tive districts. Tho Republican majority of 626 ia reprosented in the presout Logislature by twolve Bonntors and twenty-gix members of the Houso! A correspondent gave, in our issuo of yosterday, somo dotaila of the way i which thisgrot wrong is done. Ho pays: Tho Democratie Countics of Floyd and Clarke, with a voting population of 10,778, huve one Sonator; while Jefferaon County, Republican, with 5,405 voten, Laa a Seuntor. Boono and Clinton, Domueratic, with 10,117 votes, hove s Senator; and Randolph, Nepublican, and to onablo tho comprny to so distribute the rtks that o great firo will not impair it. A com- pany with this nmount of eapital, administerad Dby eoutfons and eliclent oflicom, would bo ono of thio most profltable smvestments fn tho coun- try, aud would commund o large business ab . homo and abroad, Of coursa suy ingurance company lLas tho right to closo out its buslucss and move away, If g0 disposed ; but tho action of the Now York Comunltteo grows out of the influences' brought to boar by somo companios which wanted to got out of Ohicago, and had not the upunk to go ont alono, but must noods talo as wany othors a8 possible to keop thom in countenanco. Under such circumsatances a9 theno, tho poople of Chi~ ongo must help themrelves. Thoy prescrved tholr eredit when tholr oity was laid in ashes and all buninoss was prostrate, They presorved tholr crodit through tboe tinancial panle, and now, that the city fs restored and business s built up again on stronger foundations tuan evor, thoy can prosorve it again, P ] SOUTHERN BEGREGATION. Nearly all the recont writers on tho Bouth have noticed iho voluntary separation of the races that is gradually, but constantly, going on. It shows itsolf not only in tho sholesalo omi- gration of the nogroes to Bouth Carolina, Flor- ida, and tho westorn Southern States, but in tho ostablishment of small black or whito communi- ties in tho States in which both races cling tothe #oil. Of courso every city or town in which the whites form & great majorlty of the population has & sprinkling of colorod hackmen, porters, barbers, servants, ete,, just as tho towns In South Caroliva and clsowhora which tho blacks contral contnin & number af whites, the rem- nanta of tho old proprictors, who stay bocause they cannot go away, Nevor- tholess, tho minority fu both casos Ia enid, wna gonoral rulo, to grow proportionally smallor, year after year. Mr. Edward King, in Lia tweltth article an **Tho Great South,” pub- lllied in the Octover pumber’ of Scribuer, Bays of tha Westorn Tonnosses nogroos : * Thoy show there, us, indoed, almost overyswhoro 1 the Mis- slesippt Valloy, o toudency to get into communi- ties by thomuelvos, and seom to have no desire to foreo their way into {he company of the whito man.” Mr., King quotes the opinion of “maoy acuto observers” that the future homo of the negro {8 in tho rich bottom lands which lie weat of the Miwsiswippl. It is, porhaps, tho most fertilo soil in the conutry. Douglss Jer- rold’s quaint saying : **Tickle it with a hoe snd it 1sughs with & havvest,” wes nover ‘botter ex- emylified. The nogroes on it live in idle caso. A fow hours' work gives theo sustenance of o wook, The wbite mnu ecannot live in this paradise of tho slothful. Missma kitls him. Curiously enough, this miasma’ {8 » groat re- spactor of porsous. * Color and provious con- dition of servitude ” are s talivman againat it. The Southern black thrives whore hia Northern- Dorn brothier and the white dio. Tho victory of tho whites in Arkausas and Texas chiecked the tide of wogtward omigration for a time, but it ls 0ld tobo settiug back ogain now. Paliticians strive to keop tho negroes in tho middle Blates of tho South, but the soil, exhausted by long years of cotton-growing, rofuses thom support, and thoy leave. I thia process goes on much longor, it may settlo tho Southern problem bloodlessly and thoroughly. Economio laws will offect that for which tho lawa of Congress bave beon dsvised in vain. ' After many oudeavors to find the most right- oous church congregation in tho world, the carnest seoker for truth will feot compelled to award the palm to that of the Eightoenth Streob Church, of New York Oity. It is a quostion whothor, in apy other gathering of Chris- tlans of its size, B0 fow conld be found whose relatives wera uiisrly freo from the provalliug curso of intemparance, with & vota of 5,014, has o Senstor. Tho Damocratic County of Bartholomew, with 4,744 votes, ias no Rop~ resentativo; while Varmilion, Republican, with 2,445 Yotes, 18 glven one. This is & wondrons showing for a party that, according to Senator Conkling, must live until ita mission of giving equal rights to =llis no-~ complished, In Louisiaua, it stiffes Opposition votes with bayonets. In Indiana, it stifies them with gorrymandoring Iaws, And thon it pratesof “God and morality.” HOME INSURANCE, Tho action of the Excoutive Committes of tho | National Bodrd of Underwritors in secking to in- fuonce as many insurance companics o8 possible to withdraw from this city, by refusing to renew oxisting policies or writa now ones, should con- vince the peoplo af Chicsgo of the necesuity of doing somothing for themuclves. The time and circnmstances aro now opporiune for the estab- lishment of & great homo company upon n gafe foundation, For such a company there is smplo room, inasmuch as there is ab presont & doilcloncy of insurance ,oap- ital in tho country, Tho losses of that capital eausod by the Obicago fire of 1871 and the Boaton fire of tho following yoar ‘have not beon fully restored, hardly enough in fact to produce a henlthy competition, Tho market, therofors, sitl not bo overstocked by tho establishment of such a company here. There I8 in fact no good renson ‘why it shonld not do o large business thiroughout the country generally,’ Itia equally certain that the business will be profitable, Tor thirty or forty yoars, Chioago lss boen one of ilio pest patrons of insurance in this country. During all this time, the conditions of sevnrity woro tho mamo, snd mno Iarge Gres oceurred. until 1871, The insurance com- panios reaped & rich harvest and made large dividonds. 'The home companies, as well as the foralyn, wero bandsomely remunoratod for thelr uveatments, and thelr stocks stoud high in the market, Thia buslueps was crippled by the con- tingoncies of 1871 and 1572 in this city angt yos_- ton, It was an unforeseon aud oxceptional omer- genoy, which i just ay likely to ocour in any othor ity us in Chicago or Doaton, and which muy never oceur again, In fact, tho #afoguards which lave alrondy been provided, and othora which are yet to bo mnde, are oa comploto guar- antoos as oan be furnishod Rgainat the reonrrenco of a similar disaster hore, Not only ja thore Toom for suoh a company, owlng to tho deflelt in {nsurance capital aud the cortainty of profit, a8 anown by tha history of tho past, whon tho opportunities for profit wore losa than they aro now, but the local conditions ara also favorablo, Tho peopla are ready forit, The prominent businoss mon of tho cley will subsoribo promptly and lnrgely to ite stock, and the requisite capital to 1wsure tho safety of its oporations can ba ralsod without diffleulty, It {4 only neceasary firak to assure tho peaplo that jta administration will bo in the banda of caroful, capable, aud lLonest men,' Hoo- ond, {15 ocspital sbould Lo &t lemat 1,000,000, Tho troubls with our loeal ine auranco compsnios boforo the fira of 1871 waa tunt their oapital was too small, In thid caso It shonld be 1aske snough to mishl any eitisigency, Tho purity of tho congrogation was forcibly domonstrated ot » tomperance moeting held o tho cunrch & fow ovenings mnce, Aftor many & rambling addrous upon the subjoect by ladies in- tareated in the salvation of inebriatos, tho Chair- minis, Indiava and Tiinois, Utah nnd Colorado, aro yet to bo hoard from. Tho first shiupment is for lowa, Wiscounin, Minnesota, and Michlgan, and will shortly be mado. Tho oxporimonis made {n MoCloud River this sonnon liavo boen vory successful. - Tho eggs wore dopositod 1n an inclosure surrounded by & closo, picket-fonce to provent tho escapo of the young flsh; and horo thoy have hatchied into adtive lifo and are bo- having thomuolves with the utmost propriety. Thoy use all sorts of offorts to oscapo from thoir prison, and the older onos mako attempts to broalk jail and jump the boundaries which would be highlyoreditable to Incarcorated profosstonals, The success of the underisking scoms nssured, and it ia morely a queation of how long beforeall the running waters of the comniry slall bo atocked with this proliflo and dolicious fish, Bal- mon will bo as plontiful as strswberrios, chiespet, and more subutautial, Y ‘Tho Republicans of England are not s very numeroun nor a very influcntial party. The leadoruhip of Odgoer and Bradisugh hna not boon succossful, Doth of thoss demagoguos have boon candldates for Parliamontin districts whero tho worlingmoen wore in the majority, Lut nollher wag eloctod. It was intended to firo the Dritish heart on tho question of . Par- liament sssuming the debts of the Princo of Walos, but the Quoon hns doxterously avoldod that {swuo by maling & poraonal arrangomont for tho paymeus of thoso dobte, snd thoreforo no application will bo made to Parlisment, Tho Driuce bina apparently boon the viotim of sharp- oré, An examination of the list of his unpald obligations showed that somo of them wors ox- tortions, and iho aggrogate bas been 8o rodncod that it now atands, it i wnid, at about £600,000. One of hin croditors was his brother, tho Duke of Edinburg, whoso claim bas beon scaled by tho logal oxmmunors. Tho Quecn has sgreed to puy this debt in thros aunusl iustall- monts of £200,000 onch, naod tho" first payment has alroady beon mado. As Hor Maj- osty has novor boon vory liberal with hor monoy, it 14 copjectured thnt this srrangomont wae tho result of careful consideration on thio part of tho Miniatry. Mr, Gladstoio, whon i ofice, por- sonally favored tho application to Parlismont, but the Cabinet nover ngreod mponit., Whilo the matlar was peudiug, Mr. Disracli came futo vower. It is supposed that he advisod tha Queen to pay tho debts, rather than risk an ap- poul to Parliamont. Tho Quoen is rich ; sho bas nevor beon prodignl. Bhe ks saved largely of her income. Ono of hor first cares was to pay the debts of hor fator, and now, out of hor own savings, sho pays the debts of lior son and suc- cessor. Tho debt is s largo ono, abont £9,000,~ 000, which tbe young man has managed to spend in addition to Lis mcomo. The annual allow- anco (rom tho Tressury to the Prince of Wales is £40,000, and to his wilo £10,000. Exclusiva of the approprintions for tho Queou's house- hold, the nnnuities to the saveral members of the Royal family amouut to aboat £125,000. e Lrince of Wules has, however, s much larger incomo from othor sourccs. The act of tho Queen ie calculated to incroaso Lior popularity, aud doprives Bradiaugh and Odger of somo of thair sheot-iron thauder. —_—— ‘Wo aro apt to boast of the sizo of our city. messurad by miles, Our square mileage compnres mookly with the vast arca of tho metropolitan Qigtrict called London, which fa 160 square miles. And you tho city proper is conflned to a spaco lardly o milo square, This s tho wonltluest spot of ground in the world, Its annusl rev- enue is £2,500,000. Its municipal goverument ls tho richiest, oldest, and most ronowued, in the world, Tho kead of tho municipal govornment i, as everybody knows, the Lord Mayor, snd the legislative body the Corporation. Thele vowers, being mainly traditionsl, arevague but vast, and thoir capacity for entortaining publio vigitors enarmous. The trfling enter- tatomont given tbo Sleh of Porsin cost £10,800, which, for ono moal snd * fixings,” was o pretty decent smount. The Lord Mayor's salary is £9,642, a sum odd enough m amount aud about oqual to half his exponses, This great potontate is elocted aunually by the Corporation, taking his year of splendor in rotation, and theroforo without the ald of cauncus or bank so- count, Itistheintontion of tho prosont Gove arnment to oxtend tho city by taking in tho wholo vast metropolitan dintrict, givo it a write ten constitution, with tho Lord Mayor at ita bend, and rologato tho elective power to the masses, Horetofors London hns hind highly ro- speotable Lord Mayors. The exporience of this onlightoned country wonld plead hard with the Governmont to *lot well alono.” If our munio. ipal system wero introduced into London, old man, a lady, called mpon all who hnd among their relatives any one sho snffered from the curso of drink to ariso aud ask for prayers. Thore were some 400 ladies prosont, but not ono ot thom could recall a singlo rolation thus afficted. Such & froodom from tho fond was wholly unexpected, and tho Olsir waa compolicd {o load & forlorn hopo by aunouncing that sho did not share the . gonoral immunity, Upon this showing who could deny tho gonoral excollonce of that body? Rolying upon it, tho Chair fmrther ecalled upon all the ladics who would work for Jesus, not in the tompernuce causa only but on genoral prin- ciples, Six hands out of 80O were raised, inti- mating that o vast mojority of that righteous meeting doclined to participate in zuy labor of tha description mentionod. Such aresult of two hours’ incessant rhetorio shocked the Chair im- mensoly, aud, ohserving an innocont roporter in the audienco, she peremptorily ordered him to bt up his note-hook and not record tho num- bor of ladics in the Eighteonth Street Mothodist Ohurel *who would work for Jesus.” But the oauso of truth provalled, sud tho publie is now loft to draw its own conclusions whother thero was any necessity tor work on tho part of thoss who had no rolatives tormented by alcoholio propensitios. o — A fow weeks ago & young man of prepossess- ing appearanco and udventurous spirit made his way from Europe to Chicago, supposing that in this cosmopoliton city ho would find » good field for the display of Lis falonts. Ho spoko Gormen, Fronch, Bpanish, and Bwedish with oquasl fluency, but found that Chicago had scon too many adventurers to bo readily entrapped into affording o livelihood to ono 8o young aud com- paratively inoxperionced. Horsturned tothoLast aud dinappesrod for o season. BSimultaneously with his subsidence a charmiug Spanish lady be- dizened with wur-paint and bodooked with Alagka jewelry took up her residence in o fashiouabls Brooklyn boarding-house, and =1l the gentlemen fall inlove with her, At the end of tha firat wook sho requosted bor Iandlndy {0 await her ox- pooted romittances, which the musplcions dame upkindly rafused to do, A tragedy nearly oc- curred among the gontlomen bosrders for. the honor of paying her board until the srrval of tho remitlances aforosaid. Tho lomor was finally confarred on & conllding hidslgo, whose hoart was lost. The aecond wook's oxpenses woro defrayod by & German, and tho third dobt would probably hizve boon fastenod on tho rop- resgntativo of TFrance, whon 2 friond of tho lantlady appeared with an obnoxious nowspaper. ‘The friond pointod to & paragraph hesdoed, “Ile or 8he,” warning the publio ageinst an advontarer in the guise of & Spanish Don or tho Countoss Kruth, The landiady, with the utmest | suavity, stroked tha powdored ohin of the fair Spaniard, aud found it bristling with a kuightly growth, ‘Tho cavaliors whose money had main- tafued this audaclous beat for s fortnight had business oat of town for & day or two, and en oxprossmnn found s Job, Brooklyn poopla saem to be rathor unsueplolous of ovll, as & genoral thing, S S——— McCloud River, Californfs, is » grest de- pouitary of sslmon eggs, end from that spot hundreds of thousands of the ova of thiuin- teresting lleh ara to bo soattered through the autivs couutry, fncluding the Now Lugland, the Atlantlo, aud Northwestern Stutes, From thir teon . Biutos vlone oidurd have boon yes cred for BEGUN ogge, white Vi Dluchor's grim romark, *t What a city to sack,” would bocoms & prophecy advancing to spesdy fulfillmont. It the attention of the grasshopper could only be diverted in yoars to come from tho wav- ing corn and tho adolescont cabbago {o a cortain Qistrict in Californis, where tho potato-bug, Palmer warm, and other grisvous insects wonld rendezvous, the chance of getting pure ground coffee from the grocory would be greatly in- cressed. Torin tho district namod there is & parcol of land used for tho sole purposs of rain- ing that bane of tho honsekoeper,~chiccory. This yoar 80 moros of the weod wero planted, yiolding 1,280 fons of the root. Iwmagino tho nutber of pounds of coffoa which this would malke unpalatable ; enumerate the unhappy fam- ilies into whose systoms this disegrocable stuff will be introducod. Thore are eomo deluded porsons who, through the elastic conscionces of their grocors, have become habituated to chic- cory, and despise coffoe pure end simple. The fact that such an smount of the weed finds o roady market only refleots upon tho honesty of the grocer. The temperance people of Maine, who kava ‘boen badly scared of late by tho report that the Loglslatura of 1873, by a blunder, ropealed tho essential provisions of tho law in tuat Btate sgainst drinking-houses and tippling-shops, are plucking up courage again from tho sssurances of the Lowiston Journal, whick is owned by Gov. Dingloy, that no such blunder was com- mitted. It claima that the Legislature of 1872 amendod Bection 22 of Ohaptor 27 of tho statutes —the gection prohibiting tho sale of certain dquorn—by addivg ' wine and cider” to the lst, In 1878 Lthe Logislature gnnsnfl 20 act repoaling | :he saction of tho actol 1872 which inserted ihess words, 'The Journal clalms that the whole act of 1872 was not ropealed, but that only tho tliree words “wine and cider” were stricken out, wheroupon the tomperance peaplo have taken courage again. The pointin ques- tiou, however, notwithustanding the ansurance ot the Govarnor's orgen, will inali probsbility go 1o the oourts for sottlemont, He is in 8t. Louis, i# 8ir Rogor Charles Doughty Tiochborne, Bart., aud further efforta to unoarth Mm should coaso at once. o was soon six weoks 1o by an sttorney, snd the statoment of bis presonce in the city ia accopted for Gospsl. Tho Liwyor admits that Arthur Orton, the claiment, vas a fraua, but holda that, s no proof of the roal Sir Roger's death has Loen soen, tho real Hir Rogor fa not dead. ‘Thierofore ho i living, and, if living, must necessarily bo in 8t Lonis, The lue of ressoning may not be olear to the general reader, but it I8 oxplained by tho attor- noy. It living, Bir Ragor is desirous of romain. ing unknown, for some roason, and no ity In the world offers smch guarantees agninst dlscovery a8 the wyatoriously dull and lifuluss town on the river, Btrangera seldom arrlve tlers, and the danger of deteotion is reduced to & minimum, S et The Patis corraapondont of the Boston Safur- day Evening Gawtle wrltos that 10,000 voluns toors jolued the Frouoch army last year, vopre- senting tho upper snd middle classes of France, Of this nuymbor, 5,500 aro searcoly able to road sud write, 8,000 bavo only the most elemontary education, and 1,000 have ouly the mere eles montary education required of nom-commise l{lox:ud t‘;mcom. Hm:::w (m::xn a5 theoe go to ahow that Badan v not only tacsial faot tn Yrosh uaen, L :