Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 15, 1874, Page 4

4 Btates, in which they came = awarms, and did An immonko amount of damago. The late B. D, Walah, formerly Btate Ento- mologist, namos tho red-legged grasalioppors of u;u. Rocley-Mountain district THE MATEFUL GRASSIOPPER, Tho differonce botween (ho two red-legged spaofos {u In the longer winga of the latter, on- ubling them to toko fong fights, And thoto is vet anothor difforence, and ouo that ho thinks will forever proyvont them from crossing tho Mivelssippl, and that is, In regord to their ro- production. When o swarm of these Alpino ragshoppors go out Lo tho low lands nnd Iny their oggy, tho coming brood live on tho looul -herbinge, and, a3 doon ag tholr wings aro grown, leave the locality and disnppenr, golug no one knows whoro, Ifis Iden waa, that this gonerntion of "hoppera woro barron and lald no oggs. Yor thle romeon Lo arpued that they could nevor invade this Blato,~tho " flight, ot most, Loing G660 miles to Contrsl Town, Northeastorn = Sllssouri, Ianmas, and part of Toxas. While tha Colorado potato- bug travoled by easy stagos, ropraducing itsolf on the way, tho hopper in question could not thua r\mmdunn ituolf in tho same mauwor, ‘This grasshoppor has been kuown since 1820, and {n all that timo his forays havo boon llmllet] to neatly tho enmo district, and at intervals,— slways coming from tho wost or northwest, and Qying to tho southenst, arriving lntho ‘months of Angust anid Seplomber, and somotimes Iater, In 1867 they nrrived nt DoBoto, in Nobraska, Aug. 20; at Gondal aud Richland, Nob., Aug. 31 at Algoma, In,, Sepl. 20; at Fort Dodge, In,, Hopt. 80 ; QGreenwaed, Oct, 8: Council Grove, Xau,, opt, 20; Holton, Kan., Bopt. 80; Notda- way Cily, Mo., in Novomber, too Iate for injury, Dbut Inid their eggs. The following senson tho ogps hatehed fu largo numbers, and, as soon o tho wings of the iusccts wero grown, they loft for purts unknown, TUL UNARSHOPPER VISITS havobeon sa follows: Wostorn DMissourl and Kansay, 1820,—boing tho first recorded visit; Minnesota, 1856 ; Utah, 1857 and_1807; dhnme- gotn Rtivor Valloy, Minn, 1804; IKnnsas, Sonth Nobiaskn, West Missourd, and Northenst Texas, 1806; Nebraska, North Kansas, Notthwout Mis- souri, Western lowa, Minnesota, and tho noxth- east aud contral counties of Toxue, 1873, These appear (o vo the bounds of theso peuts. ‘T'ho common red-logred grasshopper is fonnd from Maiuo to Minnesoty, and at tines bus done an immonse nmount of dawmnge, and aro present evory soason ; but, ag thoy cun only mnke short fliglits, thoy must bo distingwisued from thoso of tho Ruck{ Mouutaius, that Lave a flight of woarly 600 milen in caso of o favorablo wind, Iloy go in 1mmense numbers, dropping down aloug tho way, and leaving onough st most points to cat up tho growing crops. Dut thoy do not apread over the entire county, and hero oud thero s farm cseapes them, Lust yoar, in August, I saw, in Nobroska, felds exten Lo the ground, whilo the neighboring folds Lind wholly ar partially eecapad. It would appear that the timo of leaving, the following yoar, is about one month in sdvanco of thelr arrival in tho yenr procoding, Wo thus sea thut theso tuidsof tho Mateful Grasshoppor afilict tho kamo locality two sensons,~—iho sone son in whick tho full-grown insects arrive, and ent most voraciously, and lay their eggy; snd the followjug meason, when tho oggs nre liatched, sud the insect is fully matured for tlight, and in which they also do o vast amount of oumage. Wloy cavnob bLe preveuted from coming, for come’ uxoi will, and that without no~ tico; and tho only thing that can bo done is Lo destroy them after they have come, in order to provent the Iaying of their eggs; or, failing in this, Lo dostroy their oggs, or the young brood, beforo they urc eapuble of doing much dumage. Thoe ¢ggs are Inid jn the gronnd lnte iu tho nearon, aud it is not probnble tat &ny amount of freozing would destroy them : butit is pos- siblo that “deop plowing™ would bury them so deop {hat thoy would not hateh, and in this way thoir numboers could be checked, but not in a very thorough maunner, as the plow-land 18 emull portion of tho wholu district infestod. Ou thoe whole, tho prospoct of muking a suo- cossful hoad against thon: in NOT OF TIE MOST FLATTERING RIND, Farmers who escaped tho pests tho first year may huye them the following ono, s the new brood are constautly on the move in a gouth- castorly direction, moviug 8 to 10 miles B day, clesring up ull groon things as thoy wo,—not at ouo foll swoop, but befure the whole of the grandarmy Lavo peseed or avo raady to take wing. It appears thut tho birds have a good timo among thexe Alpine giarshoppers, ay they do with tho rod-legged kind that commonly iufost our mendows and other farm-crops, In 1861 the commou rod-legged grasshiopper id no smail amount of damago in this State, and uy {his writing the young ‘hoppers nre abundant, and will uo doubt do no incousidoru- blo damuge to the fall wleat that will bo sown during this month sud tho Logiuning of Sop- tember, In every ingtanco that tho Alpine grasshoppor hay been reared outsido of its native humc,ph hns uot 1emained, but loft for parts wnkm snud the returus have Loen frow now colonics Irom the mountain-districts. Unless thero should bo sowe very radical chango in its habits, we of Lllinois may be aswured that 1T WILL NOT BLACI OUB ROTL, and that it will bo coufined, ns before, to certain Timits, that are boundod by ils annual dight, aud which'ls Jargely dependont on the conrs aud foreo of Lhe wind, 1t can reach Westorn Town ouly under tho most favoravle conditions, and its raids may thus be considered in tlat section feyw und for Lotween, In ordor to distinguish betwoon the resident and migratory trives of theso red-legged grass- hoppers, specimons ehould bo kent tu the aoversl Btate Lutomologists that the furmer may know which s which. We muat make o distinction ; for while, to the casual obsorvor, thoro i8 no difference, yot, in thoir habits of locomotion, they ara widoly sop- arated. Aud thou, if Mr. W, was corvect 1n his viens in regard to the impotency of thy breed rawed outside of their native home, wo will havo divested thom of bolf their torrova, Iu this caso they may lenve their mountuin-home only wheu their numbors become too great fo find support for them, On the tap of Gray's Poak, thoussuds of foot abovo tho line of vegotattou, I ‘saw numboers of this grasshopper, appareutly seeking & way out of the mountaivs over the suow-tapped poaks, in order to truvol castward on & viit 1o tho low lunds, whero vegotation way moro sbundant. Those States lying in the grsshoppor-ranga would consult their mterest by employing com- potent_entomologiets to freely investigate this subject. and thus, by a thorough study of the natural mmoxn of tho insoct, to lond the way for checking it ravagor; for thore iv no msect 80 sccure in ite armaor that it is invulnerable 3 there is some #nfo place, some opeuing point, that [s open to atlack, and this must be sought, In the case of the red-legged grasshopper of the Rtocky Mountuin region, wo are warned of ihe valuoof the nstural scionco to the tarmer, And a musoum of injurious insccws and useful ones would be of more value in our Agricultural Colleges than an ari-gallory filled with all the plastor casts of {ho uncient colebrities of Liraok ind Roman history. Tho peopls of the stricken districts NEED NOT FEAK A RETURN pf their enemiocs next yoar; iu the meantime thoy may console thenmnolves with tho fact thut no pattof the couniry i exempt frow sono wide-spread disuster,—Dy floods, by drought, or by pesulenco, In ghort, wo nnst all {wxe our turn at these unforescen and unavoideblo dis- pstors. If the Huteful Grasshoppor canmot renct: Uk, wo Lave tho ncemy-worn: now nnd then, tho chinch-bug, tha ten-linor, nud other minor fmsla of the farm, 1o way nothing of the cureutio, he coddhing-wotli, aud the canker worm in the orchord; tho crown-bores and midge. boetle anmoug tho strawbersi It is e that this nd of mikory {4 no pgrout cangolution, aud yot thero iu o brond fuct that Tollows, that grent progress Lus boen medo in mitigating thoso evilu, ~ Luta sowing of the win- tor-wheat lins chieckied tho ravuges of tho lles- sian fly. Ou the other hand, the chincli-bug hag been circumvontod by early sowiug of spring- wheat aud burley, und’n sunorior prepazation of sho soil. And o of tho others; most of them bave beon chieckod in some way, and wo may not despair of sonio sueeeasful remedy ngainki tho peeasional inroads of tho grasshoppers from the tanons of tho Mocky Dlounluiny, We now know where they como trom, whero thoy lny theireggs, whon thoy hatchi, how they destroy the crops; but we have yet to learn'whore thoy go, altor pasding through theso transformations, THE WEATHER, Symploms of ruin come nud go, but to dis- appoiut the farmer, 'Thero have been nurrow stroaks of 1nin, and aloug thews tho corn is sim. ply magniflcout, whilo in the torvais every- thing sutlars, FHero tho cars of corn are foir, and shorl in leugth, aud tho potatoos and pus- turago aro about rmined, and tho fruit, that wes thin on tho treos, 8 falling o and "ol sizo ; and, on the wholp, Wwe are nearly on u pur with the grunuhux:{mpulnckuu region, Iho ground is ot 10 condition to plow for wintor- wheet, and the patches of buckwbout and tur- nips will bo but.few this seasion. 'Fhe boos sio living on tho atoxen of honoy lald up fn tho early iart of tho soason, far there is wot a drop of lmuny outside of the hives, for the want of flow- ors, _But a day may chapgo ell Lus ; the pasture may bocomo ggroon, tho autumup-tlowers open their blossoms, tho earth hocome #of for thy plow, and the furmers ceaso to blumo Pravidence for withliolding tha kindly showor. But we must not bo too sanguine, tor All migus of rain aru Hable to fazl 2u & dry tne, Doy, 23 3 LITERATURE. The Advancoment of Womnns PAPERS AND LETTERS PRESENTED AT THR FIRBT WOMAN'S CONURESS OF THR ASS0UI. ATION FOR 9111 ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN, 2IRLD IN THI: UNION-LEAGUE THEATRE, NEW Yonr, Outonrn, 1873, l’flpurhfl\‘n.: pp. 108, Now York @ Mra, Wilitum Bailard, Book snd Job Irinter, This vimple, unprotonding pamphlot {s one of the most Interesting and significant publioations of tha season, It In tho promiso that is in it, far mora than the sctual porformance, although that ls by vo means triflivg, that deepena the impression of its valuo, Hore are thirty-two papore, and about half &g many lotters, writton by earncst, thoaghtful womon, upon the sub- Jocts most noarly related Lo thelr walfaro, aud 60 to the welfaro of mankind. Five of thoso pa- pera troat tha vital themo of * Enlightonod Motherhood;" four of thom digcuss tlo vexed question of ¢ Cocducation of tho Sexes;" four pload for **Tho Higher Educntion of Womon " tywo talk of {he waya for hodging about tho sang- tity of homo; two denl with.'* Woman's Work in tho Pulpit and Church ;" and atill other two bandlo tho topio of woman's dress; whilo the romainder are dovoled to themea of like conse- quenco to womeon and to mon both. Among tho writors of thoso papora are Prot. Maria Mitohell, Mrs. Antoinette L. Brown-Blackwoll, Dr, Mary 7. Putunm-Jacobi, tho Rey. Colin Burloigh, Julia Ward Iowe, tho Rev, Phwbe A. HHaunaford, Catharine E. Boochor, Elizaboth Caily Stanton, tho Rov. Augusts J, Chapln, and Mrs. Abba G. Woolson. With such grave thomos and auch able writers, it s uunccessnry to sny that thero are many idoay and suggostiona in thia littls ook u‘x;\L ovory womau will bo the wiser for appropri- ating. \V% do not feol lko passing oriticiams upou auy ocussys dn the colleetion. Sowe are fine #pacimons of litorary workmanship, produced h{ women of high cultiro and used to servico with tho pon: but nono of them wero written for E\lrnouun of display. All boar inward tokons of aving Leon inspired by the pure, unselflsh, and nobla motive of exprossing soma thought, utter-. ing some conviction, born of much experieuco and meditation, that ahall help women struggling to improve and elovate thomuelves, in tho Lotter accomphshwent of their aim. The spirit that runs through them all fs most. hopoful, 1t 1 humble, serious, earnest, and inquiring,—tho right impulsa snd aititude of tho aspiring, Doubtloss thero will bo manifoat improvomeont in the avorago papers presonted ot tho onsning * Cougress,” which moetsin our city in October, ‘Tho organization will then have tho confidence of assured success, snd the bouefit of timo to mature its plung sud perfect ite mothods, In tho year that is past, its members will have bad opportunity to oxtend their observation, Lo note woro cleaily the neods of thair sex, and, what 18 most difticult of al), to dovise ways b; which those needs may bo best sapplied. movement that js characterized by so much earnest and resoluto dotermination can but bo progreesivo, nud couduco to tho advantage of thoso concorned. Wo noto with ploasuro that this collectton of womion's papers iy Bent out from a woman'y press. Thero are oceasional typographical or- rors {n Lho text, but tho goneral uppenrance of tho pamphlet it praisoworthy. The one defoct in the work that deserves montion is the lack of anindox, No book of any sort is complete, or rhould be suilered to issue from tho pross, with- out that cusontial adjunct spirituntisme THFE CLOCK STRUCK THREL: BENe A Reviee OF CLOCK STIUCK ONE, ARD 1 Tolr, Tartll Showlug the Harmony Belweon Chrintianity, Scle ence, and Soiritualiam, By BAMULT, WATSoN, 13 e, g 152 Chicugo ¢ Teliglo-Philosophical Pube linting House. Tho author of this work is a Mathodist clergy- man whoso attention was unexpectedly and un- willingly called to tho subjoct of Spiritualism by the sudden appesranco of ita manifeatations in the midst of Lis housclold, in 1855, Pievious to this timo ho had been stropgly prejudiced agulust tho Spiritunl movewont, belioving it to be & ** vilo bumbng," instigated by tho Adverss- 1y of men's xouls, to compasa thoir dostruction, ‘When tho mysterious phicnomena occurred under his very nogo, within the precinets of his own dwelliug, o wus induced to give them o sorious and candid examination, 'f'he result of his perutiny was a conviction of the profesged truths of piritunlism, In 1871 e publisbed a book entitled, **Clock Struck One, and Chrlution Spiritunlist,” which contained n history of his ob- servations of theso-called soirit-dewmonstrations, and of tho reasons for his fmth in their gonuine- ness, Tho book provoked a good deal of hostilo eriticirm, edpecially from tho mimsters of the Mothoduit donowminntio, who were greatly dis- turbed ihat oue of their number should piblicly acknowledgo a belicf in what Orthodox Churcnes geuerally consider a monatrous delusion, In angwer to anextendod soviow of his firut book, Bir. Watson iksued s sccond, named * Cluck Struck Two ;" and Llis, calling out utill snother prominent and adverso criticivm, was followed by the volume now undor notsee. The contents of *Clock Btruck Three” iuciude the reviow of tho first beok of Mir. Wataon, will his reply to Lotk ; an array of the evidenco that Jobn Wesley, Adsm Clark, and Richard Wat«on, belivved in’ the manifestution of spirits after their depurture from the body; aund au arpus ment endeavoring to show the agreoment Lo twoon Chnistinnity, Beience, and Spiritunlism, Mr. Watson is ovidently a mnn of avilitivs, of dovoul 1eligious convictions, and of perfect sin- cerity. Bo loug ng ho conflues himuolf to an sccount of Ilns own Luowledge of tho phenomena of Spiritualism, Lo presorves the roader's trust. Dut, when he attempts o dikeuss’ tho principlos of Beienco and tho declarations of tho Old Testament in o dis- sortation in the support of Spiritualism, ho takes hold of subjects too erudite by far for him, Al reasoning upon Scieuco aud Thoulogy is wasted at tho present day, unless it ba conducted by a[wraouu of thomost profound learning and wido roseorch. Native talent and spiritonl insight are vot suflicient to command respect for opinions upon questions which demana yoars of study efter the strict methods of modern seientific inquiry, The publishers havo presented 3Mr, Watson's beok in an attractive form. The portrait of the author, frontiug the title-page, represents &n ox- ceediug bright, resolute-looking nian, Fdiatorieal Munual. A MANUAL OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN OIS~ TORY, Dy M. L. Insturotes, Formo acher of llistory andl Compoition i the Yuckurd Iusti- tuto, Brooklyn, N, Y. 8vo,, pp, 460, Now Yorkand Cinclunatl :* Wilon, Hinkle & Co. The entiro nepect of this book is propossess- ‘ing. Xt bears on overy foatire the stamp of truo morit. The tynography is oxcellent, tho binding substantial, and tho maps with which it is goner- ously supplied aro admirably execated, ‘I'loso oxtornals first inviloand eatfsfy Lho eyo, nnd ‘proparo the way for a favorable consideration of tho literary contents of tho volume. Miss Thalbeimer has formerly published s “ Manual of Ancient istory," which has ro- colved bigh commendation from orllics of the presd and from experiencod oducators. Tho presont work supplowonts the first, aud ropents its excellencies, Tho period which it covors ox- tonds from tho breaking up of the Roman Do- minion jn the Weet, in 470, to tho proclamation of tho Bpanish Republic ju 1874, " Tho proper groupmg of the vust crowd of cvents embrueed 1 tho aivil history of Lurope during theno four- teen conturies, and the cumblnln;{llwlu togolher in an casy und continuous nurrative, compressod within thoe limits of a studenl's mauual, is s tusk of no _insignificant proportions, It 18 much more difieult than that with which tho author bod to copa in her provious woik, and yot the wequel proves that it s quite withun the scope of her powaors. Mies Lhallicimer dividos her subjoot into fiva differont poriods, or books, ‘Ilie first includos tho durk nyoy, A, D, 470-1006 ; tho wocond, tho widdlo agen, A, D, 1096-1492 ; the third, ditcov- ¢erios in Americn, and riso of Stateu-systom in Europo, 1492-1648 ; the fourth, tho yoars bo- Lvuen the pancs of Wentphalin und the boglnuing of Novolutions in Iurope, 1618-1789 ; and the i, from the Froneh Revolution to the rise of the German Empiro, 1789-1871, Undor theso Loadu tho chiaf iucidents which form the frawe- work ot Burnposn history aro clearly, connectod- Iy, ond rapidly delinontod, Tho wuthor's stylo 1 vigorons, digmiled, and _congise, while Lor comprchenkion uf the relntiouship nnd relativo Importance of evonts is vivid and communding. With a juet souse of the roquisitos of & mane usl, the ook I8 provided with a ful} indox, cone taindng lists of Kings, Quoona (in their own right), l-.ml)emru, and Yopos, tanged under thelr own dominious ; a catalogue of Lintorioal works recommonded for mors extonsivo vanding roview-questions at the ond of encli period, nmi rocupituletions following esch subjoct; and with vwelve mzDs, noplufi from Spitner's M- m_ln-\ Atlas, F3 —_— Perfodicals Kecelvod, The Dritish Quarterly tor July (Leonard Saott Publishing Cempany, Kew York) Liaa astinles an THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, AUGUST 18,1874 ° tollowa: *The Dopihs of the Boay" “David Tredorick @transs;" “Lovd TRllonborough's Indian Adminiatration " * Bolonco, Phiosophy, sud Rollgion " “'The Primoval Archrolopy of Rome ;" * Far Rusvin ;" ¢ The'Tory Adminintra- tion and its Whig Advisors " “ Fingor-Itings." ‘Lhio Weatminaler Review for July (the Tioon- ard Heott Publishing Company, Now York) has tho following coutonts: **Dutlor's Analogy; It Btrongth snd Wenknosss" * Emlqrnllon 3 ““Quotho and Mill: A Contrnst;"” *The Ad- miralty and tho Navy:” ¥ Mr, Lowos und Motas plvsica ™ &itho Emanoimtion of Women " t‘{;finl\lnrgla 'l" " ’ll'l Nutioualization of tho - ablished Church. tlarper's Magazine for Soptomber (Ilarper & Dros,, Now \’or?(). hos boon furnfuhod us by I, . Blewart & Co., cornor of State and Madison Blroets, Ils principal articlos aro as follown: *On Nogro Kohools," illustrated by Porto Oray- on; *Tho Bilent Mojority;" ' ‘Uhe Bouth Sen Islands ;" * Rape of tho Gamp ;" * Obgorvatorios in tho United Sintes"—IL 1 **William Mnkopeace Thacketay ;" *In tho Abbess’ Datlor;" * ''ne Now South,” by Edwin Do Lson: “Uho Rhing Irom the Odonwald ;" “/Lhe Arl of Perfumory ;" and “Ducts,” 'here are sovers'Ipooms and wany illustrations, Old and New for Boptomber (Roborts Bros,, Boston), bins * Our Hkating Club "—IX., “8yl- vostor Unrdner 3" “'lhie Way We Live Now" (contiutod), by Anttiony Trollapo ; *' Have \Wean mfiu\ultlnu #" ' 'Pho Emperor Liberius," by Prof. Huldekoper ; **'I'ho Avcent of Amporsand Moun- tain ;" “ David Friedrich Straugs ;" * Nicolotta and Aucassin " (concluded), translated by Kdward E. Unlo; and** Party Troason sud Civie Duvy," by T'lieodore Bacon. American Naturalist for® August (Poabody Acndomy of Belence, Sulem, Mass, ). Medical Investiyator for August (Chicago), American Lookseliors' Guide for August (Americun Nows Company, New York), = A{r;mcmy.wbuapu list (J. Bubin & Hons, Now ork), Day of Rest for Augnst (Aloxander Strahian, Londun; Wilmor & IRogers Nows Cumpauy, Now Yorlt), American Bee Journal for August (Chicngo and Cedar Rapids, In.). ZBankers' Magazine for August (I. 8, Homans, Now York), American Builder for August (Now York). Chll/afcc of Aasonry for August (Bailoy & Drown, cafo). Amw'l’cfln Ilomes for August (Hoory L, Shep- ard & Co., Boston and Chicago), Awmerican_Law Regisler for Auguat (D. B. Cantield & Co., Philadelphia), American Hislorwcal ecord for August (John B. Pottor & Co., Philadelphis). The Lute John Carter Drown’s Li- brory. Mr, John R. Bortlott, of Providence, who 18 bimeelf well known aaan sccomplisbod biblio~ geaphier, has coulributed to tho Provideuco Jowrnal n full and iuterosting account of tho lnto Johu C, Brown's fewmous ibrary, Ar. Brown Legan his collestion nearly Lalf a contury ago, when travoling iu Turopo, whero ho mudo the nequaintance of the late Honry Perkiun, whoso maguificent libiary was gold by auction last yeur, snd whoso eathusissm doubiless wtimu- inted tho interost Iu Dbibliography Mr. Brown had already manifested, sud” which continued unabuted inrough bis long aud buky life. TFrom that time, no great sule, especlally of booka rolating to Amenica, hng ot curred without coutributing to his treasures, Desides i own correapondonta in London aud Puuls, tho booksollers of vearly every Luropean city wera in communicatton with bim, wo that no deairablo work camo into the marlkot without Lis knowledpo, ‘I'ha livrary of the late Emperor Maximillau, 80ld by anction in Leipzig, particu~ larly ricls in Spauish titeratuyo, and that of M, Hobolewski, o loarned Russian of Moscow, sold Tnst sumer, furnished many trousuros for hiy collection. The latler hnd been for half o con- tury one of tho most diligent collectors in Lu- rope, and Lis library wes very rich ju eurly voy- ages aud, travels, many of which bad rola- twn to (ho discovery snd soiilemont of the Spanish and Portuguese poascssions in America. Thus, being evor on the slert, and wilh the wnid of jntelieetusl correspondonty abroad, Mr. Brown was cuabled, during the Lluflou of halr ncentury, to form » hbracy of ooka rnlnlm?m Ametica, printed beforo the year 1800, nsis belisved, unsurpassod in tho world, In 1865, Mr. Brown bogan the printing of & cotntoguo of Lis library, which was com- wletod in 1871, making four 1mporial ociavo vol- umen, ‘The titles are miravged in chrounological order, aud are closained ay followa: From 1493 to 1600 + 803 eparate titles, Trom 1600 Lo 1700, 1) Heparats titlos, T'rom 1700 to 1800, 4,173 separute titles, Additicns sinco the cutas & logue wus priuted sbout, €00 soparats titlea, Muking altogetlor, 35 separate works ortitles, This great und loterestiug colloction_ remnins iu tho possession of AMr, Brown's fawmily, and it i8 thol: interest to carry it forward in accordanco with t}:e sawe liberal policy which e solongugo adopted in rolation to it, Tha hbrary includes the most comn\ln(a known collect’on of 'tho **Jesuit Relations,” the lottors und jonrnnls of tho Jesuit missionurios in North Awericy, from 1683 to 1038, ombracing forty- oight volumes ; books 1clating to tho eottlomont and history of New Englaud, searcely sn impor- tant work being wantingi books relating lo Spauish snd Yoriuguese Americn, Greenland and the North Polar rogion, aud the regions of North aad Soush Amorica. Literary Notcs. Apain it is rumored that Gon, Dutlor haa Lought the Atlantic Monthly. rl Russell is about to publish a volume *f Recollections and Suggestions of Pub- lie Lise, 1813-1874." —* Primoval Lifo in 8witzorland,” by Dr, Os- wald Ilcor, will bo translated and published soon in Londau, = S —Col. I W, Higginson's ** Child's Mistory of the United States " is noarly veady for publica- tion by Leo & Shopard. —A Freuchinan nuwed Edward Les Childe has publihed & new biography of the Confoderute chieftain, ontitled * Lo Geuera! lios, 8u Vie ot Sos Campagoen,” —Jeun Ingelow hns completed s new navel, which will be publishod serislly iu tho Weekly Graphie. of Now York, and kubsequeuntly in Look-form by Rovorts Birotliors, % —Mr. IL Ii, Bancroft, of San Francisco, Las collected o largo uuwmber of volumes relating to the Pacitlc coust, from which ho intendsto com= pilo 2 cyclopedia. v, Iidward King's now book on #Tho Grent South," which first appenred in Seribner's Monti- Iy, will bo published by subseription in book- form. —Goorge Eliot has beon engaged for several mouths on » now novel, with tha scone luid in ngland. It will probubly not be completed il next year. —A lifo of Madame Tasraud, the foundress of the celebruted wax-work show in Loudon, sud who but recently died, is 1 preparation by Mr, . Duvey. —1he Athencum suys that, if tho Iater vol- umes of tho Count do Variw' new book upon tho Rtebellion ara ns good as the flrst, it witl bo Py 1ar the bost bistory of tho Civil War yeb writ- on, —The Academy announces that shortly it will bo cuubled, by tho courlesy of Mr. IL Dright, o publish gome lotlory of Burny that, o far as it hua beon able to nscortuin, lLave uot before beon published, ~1Tho Rov. Charles Ringstoy's Intest literary olfart wau to edit Miss Kingeloy’s ** South by West ; or, Wintor {u the Mocky Mountalus and Spring in_Blaxico,” This book, written in a sigplo and natural style, covers frosh ground with the fieshnons of a young lady’s pen. —Ionry ol & Co, have in lu-uun a volumo of modern * Socioty Vorses,” which will commiso the best pooms of Iredorlck Lockor, Austin Dobson, C. 5. Calverly, Landor, Hwinburne, Yoigh 11unt, Traod, Thuckoruy, aud other poets aud wits who linve given such versos a distinel place in the literature of our time. Mr. Locker was married lsst mouth to s daughter of Sir Curtts Lawpson, the celobrated London fur- merchant, : —P'rof. Whitney, of Yale Collogs, Lias exam- inod & passuge of 1,000 nounds from each of ten standard English writers, u order Lo ascorfuin the relutive froquency of sounds in tha lun- gusge, Io tinds that'tne sound of “r™ s tho wmow: frequent, ocoirring T4t times in 10,000 sounda; “n’ follows with 670, nud *£" with 692, ‘Tho short sound of 1" is the most com- on vowel sound, having 690 ocourreuces, ‘I'ho lonst common vowal wound ie thint of short *o," oight timoy in 10,000; tho lonst common conno- usut sound, that of *rh,” two Lunes t 10,000, In sll, ho fmlmld 0,271 cousonaut sauuds wud 729 vowol sounda, a.'i'l'hnwnouunomul valuo of John Dright has rocontly Lind & notable liustration In Lugland, Sowetimo kiuco Mr, Naswau Molosworth wroto a history of modern and contomporary Lugland, and, althaugh tho work was prepared with groat oaro, it foll Bimost 2ead ou tlie warket, and ouly 200 copios woro sold, But fn +his Inst groat spoech at Manolioster, Mr, Bright spoke of tha book In @ casunl way, and within the next fort- night tho whole that ramniued of the first 1,000 wan bought up, The publishors thon iksuod an edition of 1,600, which was also bought up. Thav thon brought out a chespor wedition—18 ahil lingu—whicl as disapposred. And they aro now bringlax ot anollex Lo mest Lhs seady da- saaud, ' £ SPARKS OF SCIENCE. TRATIOAL: PLANTS, * The vogolablokingdom is the Dionza muaci- pula, or Venus' p-trap, It Ia found in bub singlo, limitod lieality fu all tho broad earth, viz.t In the low,sandy savannals in the viclnity of Wilmington, N. G, It1s not vory fmposing affalr,—flourishbig spoolmons attaining a holght not oxceodlng Gur 8 inchos, T'ho flower fs of no capeeial intorosl boing emall and borno in o thin clustor on ¢ wonder seapo,—that Iy, & stom wpringlug directy from the root. Tha leavos aro the strango fonture of tho plont. Iach ono of theso is tippid with an appondage sbapnd liko tho opon. covors of a book with the covora rounded and the edgos fringed with stiff bristls or spives, In this appondago lioa the wondir of tho Dionma. Touch auy part of it with tho lightost, swiftost stroke, and liko s flasa tho two halves of tho trap will spring togothor and interlace their bristled edges in o louacious chisp, 'The writer saw the experi- mont tried ropeslodly on gomo vigorous pinnts ‘which are tho pride of tho conservatory of Dr, Aea Groy, in Conbridge, and the dolight of their ownor's heart, It roquired extromo colerity of movement ou tho part of tho oxperlmontor to avold baving tho bit of atick with which ho touch tho surfato of tho trap caught in its quick cluich, Lot on msect alight on this trap, and its doom Is purely sealod. 'U'ho nctlon of this trap {8 so nstantanocous and unoxpected that, El ovory caso, slmost without oxception, the insoct in caught and wseourely hold. Btruggle e it muy, it Is inclosod within tho walls of a_living tomb, ‘whioh will novor opan wutil Its body i lhcrn‘lycnnuumnd. Tinmadintely upon olosing on o palpitating victim, the sides of tho trap, whicl are sl first concave, begin to flation ani Emnu in upon tho caged creature, until tho) ave stiangled or oruvhed it, Then » mucilagi- nous fluidia discharged from the porea of the trap, whicl, onveloping tho insect, act upon it Iiko gastrio juico, dwsulving and redneing it to acondition fit for nusimilation, In thisstato tho fuscct is wbsorbod by tho leaf, and tho phenom- enon s demoustrated of s vegetable fattening upon animal food, mmy loaves soom to bo gorged witha single meal, romalning inactive thereafter, and gmlunllyd'lug away, Othors, with moro voracious appelites and strongor di- Rentave powers, will eapiure a socond, and” oven a third 1ugect, und leave only a tiny lunch of ro- fueo to tell of their ghonlish feasts. Whon tho traps closo upon nothing,—that is, whon thoy thomsclvesare tho vietime of a choat, and spring together from tho irritation purpossly produced by ® skillful oxporimenter,—thoy do not usually open under twonty-four howis, Probably it requires that lougth of time for them torecover from their suiprise aud disap- pointinent, aud from tho exhaustion of their intonse effort, DBut, when they shut upon sn inseet, thoir dvois_continue locked for a week, duriog which period the process of digestion aud abeorption is boing performed. Mr. Darwin hes Leen for some time enguged in w sorics of Dioniea, with the wost intoresting results, as wo miay know fiom his remarkably minute and pationt methods of obuervation. Ilo has proved that tho flud secreted by tho glands in the two lobea of tho trapis almost precisely similar in composition and in actlon to tho gastrio juico seeroted in tho human stomscn. The process of digestion ig oxactly the same, the albuminons counstiluonts of the bodics of animals baing dis- solved i bath cases, ‘Lo Diowwa will consumo bits of meat laid in its traps, as well as inecots, By a prick with a sharp lancot at a cortain point, Mr. Darwin hes succeeded tn paralyzing ono-half of tho leaf-trap no that it remained wottonlosy urdor thertimulus to which tho other responded, Tius wo discover how oxquisitely secusitive is tho nervous organization of this strange littlo plant. Mr. Canby, who visited Wilmington, six or seven Yoard ago, for the pur- Jlase of atudying the bubits of the Dionwms, ros ntes that ha intheted a fatal dyspepsia upou vne of his subjocts by feeding it with choese. Un- dor Mr, Darwin's treatmont, anothor unh:fll! victin was mndo to sulfer from paraplogin. Dr. Burton-Sanderson, who has also bLoon utudying the Dionien, stated, at the last mocting of the Britieh Ausoclation for the Advaucement of Beienco, that tho ¥ame cloctrical curtantys aro do- veloped upoun the closlng of the Dionma-trap 24 in tho contraction of a muscle. Tho Drosora, or Sundow,—n gonua of plants helouging to the same family as the Dronwa (the Droserncew),—~manifosts kindrod flosh-eating Insuincts. 'Tho various epecics of Drosers are common,—two of thom—tho Rotundifolia_and the Longifolia—growing iuthe wet, boggy plncea on the” Blichigan Southorn Railrond, at Pino Station, a ohott ride from Chicago. Thous plants nre 80 Insignificcut in size and aspact, no oyos bnt thoso of a botuniut would evor notice thom, sud 00 one would drenin of asoribing to thom any peculiar propartics. As in the Dionma, tho leaves aro tho contro of inteieat, the fowors Doing very tiny and commonplaco. ‘The loaves of tha Rofundifolia nvo orbicular, sud tho Iargost rbout tho size of o lady’s little-finger-najl; the louves of tho Jongifolia are spotulnto- oblong nnd of similar dimensions, Tho leaven of the Diosers ara covered with glond-benring bristlos, from whoso tips exnde drops of viscous Huid that glisten fn tho sun like dow: houce the mame, Sundew. Thiu viscid {lnid ia the trap of the Sundow, Whatover inscch bruslies againet it is plued fast, aud, the more tho nolucky croaturo squirms, {ho mora hopoloss in hin condition. Tho bristles, responding to the ivritation of Lis slrupgles, slowly and relent- lesuly bend down aronnd him until thoy envelop him with the fluid pouring from thoir pointas tho leaf. Smelrsmlnnlly closes around him, and his lifo is ouded. The “'"“Emm“ of digeation and npsorption is then earried on, which we have desiceriboed in the easoof the Dionmn., Mry. Mary Tront baa detailed, in the Natural- isl, some curious obsorvations which sho bag mado with regard to the Surden. Bhe fastened Yiving fliea within haif an fuch of tho leaves of tha Droscra filiformis. In forty minutes the loaves bad bent percoptibly toward them. In two hours thoy had reached tho flies, and entan- gled tho poor things in their sticky fuids. The llies wore then recucd, nud rémoved throo- fourths of au inch farther away; but tho leaves, though still bending toward ihem, had not the power to reach them. Dend flios fastened near tho lcaves exortad no inflnonce upon them, but Dbits of raw ment wora completely aurrounded in two lhowms snd concealed from sight. Living flies pluced on th leaves were entolded in littlo more than an hour aud hud becoma motioniess, Bits of mugnesia, chalk, and pobbles, were put noar or on thelenven; bul the lattor nover moved & hair during tho cxperimont, which lnstod twen- ty-four hours, Is thero not something very like anmal inatinct oxhibited in all this ? Tt is sup- posed that theso flosh-eating plants require sni- mal food for their subsistenco, ns Lhose whiol Lave beon cultivated in consorvatorios secluded from jusacts have declined and died. MORSE-TIAIR BNAKES, Trom time immomorinl, the superatition hns pravailed among the ignorant and thoughitiess, ihat, if o horgo-knir bo immersed in wator, it will, in process of time, turn into a enake. ‘Whonover Dr, Dastlan succoeds in demonstrat- iug that living organisms can bs produced from inorganic matter, then wo may look to soo horse- Liirs dovelop tho iutornal viecora and the exter- nal fentures which constitute the machinery of the worm or tho replile; cortainly not wooner. A dry hair placed in water absorbs the moisture, and, from the unequal oxpansion of the oxterior and interior layari, will become oontracted. Qut of thus simiplo “fact grow the absurd idea that Liorau-hairs can be truusformed into sualos. "Tho roal hair-worm or hair-snake, wiich may bo by the foolish wistakon for the horse-hair in tho adyanced slago of oxintonce, is & parasitio worm itfesting varions apecies ot insects, Ono species of Insocts (Gordius aquaticns) i tho eapooial Ym of the grassboppors, Leidy writes of s *Tho numbor of Gordii in cach insect varios fiom ono Lo fivo; their longth from thyee inchos to & fout (1) they occupy a position in the visooral eavity, whero they lia coiled among the viscers, und ofton extond frow tho end of the abdomen forward through the thorax even into the head ; thoir bulk and welgnt sro fre- (Y‘mmly groater than all the soft parts, including tho muscles, of thoir living thluuuu. Novoitholows, with thia relatively immonso muss of purasites, tho fuseots jump about almost s frooly as thouo not infested, 'I'io wormm are mill-white in color, aud undividod at the ox- tronilty. Tho fomulea aro distonded with ova, but I huve nover ovkorved thom extraded. Whon tho bodles of graeshoppers containing these eu- tozon ave broken sud lsid upon moiat earth, the worma gradually croep out aud pasa bolow its sucface.” Bowo npeoles of Gordil infest the aplder. Upon leaving the egg, tho worm, which lu liko a tadpole, short and swc-like, ending in a tail, woila ila uay into tho body of an inssct, and there lives on tho fatty substance of jta'L 1t undorgooa Its motamorphosls into tha adu worm within the insoot ; after whiok It makes {ly gly tln ‘:umn pool ?I' lwnlnr, Ifiher«ol: livea and cgots its spooies, laying oultions of egyu cou- neotod togother in long mfifln." L uorg, The op {8 valuable for other purposss be- eldos browing, In Bweden, a cosrse kind of cloth, whiok ls stroug, white, and durable, I8 manutachured from tae fibys of the stams, Thess aro #o tough thal they have to bo gathered in autumn, and stoopod in wator aoring tho whols wintor. Tha fibre {s thon soparated, dried in an oven, and wovon like flax. ‘I'he young shoots of the liop aro an cxcollont substituto for asparagus, and oro 80 usod in England by tho country~ poople. Pliny, who wnu the firot to mentlon tho ‘lou, statos that it was oultivated 1n tho gardous of ltomo, and, whon botled es a pot-liorb, Was highly estoomod. ho pinut iy a nativa of Europs and of somo varts of Asla, and poselbly of Norlh Amorlen, Its i cultivation was introduc- ed into England from Flandors in tho timo of lenry VIII, For somo tumo after [t waa omployed {w browing, the yeopls wera pra- Judicod agaiust it, and_tinally thoy prosonted a potition to V'arlinmont for 1is disuso, roprosont- ing it s “n wickad weod, that would spoil ‘hfi tanto of the drink nnd oudanger the poople.’ Now 50,000 ncres aro devoted to its enlture in England, The ofl of hops is sodative and noreotic, and tho bittor principlo fu touie, Itis the combination of theso two quaiitios which makes it moro valuablo than any other bitter in thio manufaoturo of beer, COSTA BICAN EXTLORATION. An important exploration in Costa Rics, undor tho suporintendenco of Prof. William DL Gabb, hos now been in progress for a yoar or moro. Ita spocial objeot 8 to Investigato au ontirely unde- veloped region of Southeastorn Costa Rica, in- Labitod only by savages, yot known to contain nioh mineral troasurcs, which were worked by tho Bpaulards in tho oarly days of tho conquost. The exponsa of the exploration 18 borne con- jolutly by the Costa Rican Govornmentaud by tho coniraotora for tho Costa Rica Raitroad, Al- though the party has included only four bosides Prof. Gabb, it ling alroady scoumulatod & groat doal of important juformation in reforonce to the cconomioal, sclentillo, aud political history of tho rogion explored, Prof. Gabb has found tho natives loss savago than was anticipat- e, and ine 80 won thair confldenco ay o pro- vuil upon the Chiof to accompany him in 8 visit to Ban Juso, Enough Lins slready boen deter- mived in rogard to tho geological strusiure of thao country to sustain tho beliof in tho wealth of its minoral dopomts, 'Tho greatest intorest, howover, atlaches to the discovery of two previ- ously-unknown voleanoos in tho main cordillera, Just northwest of Pico Blanco, Their hewtht is not less than 7,000 feet. Tho colloctions in nat- ural history ato of unusual magnitude, and aro espocially rich in mammels, birds, roptiles, and insocts, ~ Of flsh but fow spocies liavo boon ob- {ninod, Tuo othuology and philology of tho coulmflm also recowving partionlar attention from tho party. Materials illnstrating the man- ners and customs of tho peoplo aro gathered in Inrgo quantitios, Prolistorio graves aro fro- quently met with, and, in addition to theso, Prot. Gabb as fonnd trces of au snclont buried city of which no mevtivn is mado in history, ‘o collections of tho Fm._v aro sont to the Na- tional Museum at Washiugton, whoto they form & connpicuous foature in tho Central Amorican series. MIOBOSCOPICAL EXAMINATIONS OF ATMOSPHERE, Nr. Cunuingham, of Caloutta, has published & Iaborious work containing tho results of his own oxtoudod microscopis examinations of tho at~ moaphare of that city, Ho states thatno con- poction can bo traced batween the number of spores, vegotable-colls, bacterin, oto,, in tho ot~ mosphere, and tho occurrénce of diarchea, dya- eutory, cholora, aguo, and denguc. o finds tust distiuct Infusorial auimaleulos, theiy gorma or ova, are slmost entiroly absont from atmos- phoriodust. Distinctbacteria can scarcoly over bo detocted, but fino molecules of uucertain nature aro almost always provort. Bactoria aro fre- quently found fu the air derived from sowers. Sporog and other vogstablo-colls, the wajority of which aro living, aro constautly presont in at- moapheric dust. ‘I'no nmount of epores aud vogotablo-colls appoars tu be indopendent of wind and moisture, winle that of inorganio aud amorplious particles directly depends upon theso conditious of tho atmusphere. ‘Phe dust ogamined by Mr, Cunuingham was collectod by aupecial woroscopo, instesd of bolng scraped from Lorizontal quieacent surfacos as by Ehzen- berg's mothod. EARTHQUAKES 1IN NEW ENGLAND. It {a atatod in counsction with AMr. Brigham's catalogue of Now-Eugland earthquakes that, during the Jast throe centurios, thoro has bocu an averago of two earthquakes avnually fn this portion of our country. The msximum vumber oceurs in February and November, sud the mini- mam in April aud Soptomber. Of the toial pamber recorded, 168 took plics in the antumn and wintor months, and 80 in the months of spring and sumimor, ANOVEL BATTLE, An Exciting Scene in San Francisco— Fight Between @ Bull-Dog and = Xloree, ‘'he Bau Francisco Chronicle of the 1st inat. hoa tho following: ** Yeaterday aftarncou about Go'clock a fine bay Lorse, attached to s light wagon, was beiug driven alony Kearnoy streot by twwo mon. Whon near Sutter street a small Lnghsh bull-dog, weighing 18 or 20 poundy, made aepring from the sidowalk and tried to catch the horso uiy tho uose. Missing him, tho dog fell uuder the hordo’s foet, sud in an iwstant caught him by the right foro leg, just above the kuoe, whero o Lokl on with “the gip of dosttn ‘I'ho hordo rearod aud plunged and stsmped. The mon in tho wagon, haoviug all they could do to control the suimal in that crowded thoroughtaro, dared not attempt to get outto fight tho dog off. Finally, with o violent stump and a sudden_dropping 0 Ius_ knoos, tho Lorso whouk tho vicious brate off his log, but inan in- stant Lo was caught again in thecliost. Fastoning i tooth tn tho touga, thick bide, the dog huug on liko a leech. The poor horse, uuable to shnke bim off, bolted acrosy a low pilo of lumber at the coruor of Sutter aud Kearny sirects, whore he was caught by a dozen won outof the luree crawd whick hiad assembled, Home one at thig point raised the cry that the dog was mad. That wits uough w_koap tho crowd back und fusure fair piny, Not o wsoul would go wuoar, and the lhome was sovoral mivutes lets ta fight it out slono. Aguin aud ngain did ho shake off tuo temacivus littla ammal, kicking aud striking at bim with all bis flerco slyength, but in vaiu. e would not de- sist. Oncen & winlo 8 oot would bit the dog and send hita reeling in tho duwt, but quicker than lightuimg bio would pather bimsolf up, and agnin faston his visolike fangs in the horss's flosl, ¢ Got & club Lero I shouted soms oo in tho crowd, * Unfaston that horse's check-rein, aud Le'll éoon flx_hum with Liy teoth,’ whoutod anothor mun. ‘Keep away from lim; don't touch him ; don't you see he's mad?' was sgain yolied out, aud tho crowd stood back. Ouce tho oy sprang, sud, claspivg tho Lorso’s left foro- leg, just os & youug bear would climb a pole, ~ fastened " his tooth in and held on, The korse snorted with pain, and _plunged wildly sbout; he reared, kickod, foll on his knoes, aud stamped, but stil thode sharp, white tooth woroe burfed in bis tosh, and the com, sharp_oyo gleamed with tenucity and viclous bato. Finally, somo oue got s loog club and beat tho dog vigorously over the head. Ho would not let go. ~ Then another man got a club aud came to the horse's relief. A florco whack fell on tho dog's nose, and tuon (ho teoth loosencd, aud the fiorco little brute foll under tho borso's heols, Again he mado a spring, but this time something struck him full in tho face. It way an tron-bound Loop, and it oame with tho forco of & trip-hammer. Deaten sonsoloss, with tho wind knacked complotely out of him and a loiz broken, the dog went rolling iuto a pile of rubblsl, whore his owner picked him up and cacriod hum away in his arma, “Tho poor horsa wes completely uustrung, The sweat poured off him ju streums, and he shook aud trombled o that ho could soarcely stand. s owner got some ruwm and bathod tho unial's_logs, which wero badly cut snd lreor- atod, and alter & fow mowmonts he got sulliciontly quiot to be driven home, ‘I'lio liorse iaa valusblo ono, but, unloss thero ig dangor of Lydrophobia, Ly injurtos ave nos likely to provo sorious. 1'lio novel speetaclo lustod fully ton minutes, and wag witnossed by as many as 500 peoplo, T'ho dog is ownod by a man in the employ of the ges com- any. 1o Is & rogular Eoglish bull, aud Is enid bo ouo of the best figlizors on this const, Ho I terribly vicious, and is usually kept closcly rmuzzlod, but on this occaslon ho did not have Lia muzzle on, —_—— A Patriotic Feats A trl-golor flag on tho summit of Motz Cathe- dral, whicn has boon a coustant oyesura ta the Germaus, has just boon remaoved, s rewnrd of 100 thlors baving buon offored for the foat, which way nttended with considorable danger, as, aftor the top of the Gothio tower wus reached, two ballg had to Lo sealed Lo reach the tugstsif, A man named Domange, & houso-painter at Motz, Iatoly mado thio attempt, aud broughy down the obnuxious emblom of Fronoh rule,” o bad pro- Yidod himself with two planks for acalling the bally, and oo uurmoulmnmhe firat ho ataggored, and evorybody oxpeated hiw to fall, but tio roo ocoverod “himndolf, roached tho (lagataft, lowored tho Proneh trlcn_\ur, and substituled s Gorman flag of bluok, whito, and red. Provloualy seven Uermans had tried to acaomplish the taat, but e loab tiair hives, and ths otler Ave failsd. FAMILIAR TALK. MONTALITY IN GREAT DRITAIN AND IRELAND. I'ha raturns for Lho firat quartor of the yesr 1874, {n Groat Britan, show n rate of mortality bolow tho avorage, In England, according to tho exhibit for the quarter, tho snuual deatb-rato would Lo 28.4 por 1,000 porvons, in Beotland 24 por 1,000, and {n Iroland only 10.5 por;1,000, This low rato for Iroland will oconslon gonoral surpyise, 88 wo nro apt to nssacinto poverty and aqualor with discaso and doath, Dut tho Irlsh roturns show alko uucommon longovity. Thero fs mon- ton of ono doath in Beotiand at the sgo of 100 yoare, whilo tho Ivish Roglster notou tho death of nixtoon centenarinng, one of whom was aged 100, ono 107, ono 109, and_anothor 111, ‘Tho Toglutor of Kilshanuig, Mallow, potes the doath of s woman aged 103, and adds: “ Up to throo doys befors Lier denth shn waa ablo to l»;'nlu about sndattond to the business of farm- 0tH0, Whether owing in part to emigration, or wholl: tolongovily, tho faot existe that thore'f & m ol lnrgor proportion of deaths of woxageuarians rogutored in Iroland thau in Bugland, "The ra- tio was only 26,2 ;per cont of tho whole numbor of denths rogistorad duriog tho quattor in Enpland; whilo in Iroland i'was noless tlian 80,6 por cont, The Eungheh Register nacribes tho unusualiy-low death-rato to the increased oftioioncy of admtniatrativo ssnitary monauros, but the Irish Register-Gauoral can but attribule it to the mildnoys of the sonson, Yoor Patrick haa not materlally fmproved jo his habits of liv- ing, _Among the local reports sent to tho Irish Registor aro _wsadly-siguificant wintomouts ke theso: “In wy opinion, noarly balt tho sickness horo (Emly, Tipporary) i8 duo to overcrowdwg in tho dump, fiitby cabins of the poor, wharo it 8 not alallan uncommon thing to sos four or five humen befnga, two pigs, & goat, a cow, and o scora of fowls, with porkiaps a donkey, living in common in one room." 0, 2 District, Nowry : * Soveral cnson of typhue-fover have occurred, all of thom in bouses untit for human habitation, badiy voutitated, and kept in a githy coudition. In other patts of tho town, wlore cleanliness was obsorved, Tovor of this kind wWas absont.” In Ireland, 787 deaths ocourred from fover, and 700 deaths from scarlot-fover ; also, 14] deaths from smali-pox, 180 of which were in Ulster, ‘L'he benoflt of vaccination, and rovac. cination was abundanlly sbown by modifiod discuso and trifling mortality. A case of small- pox in an infant was cited, where six children who bad been vacciated wero lving in the samo room, and not ono of thom took the 0880, GOEDUCATION OF THE BEXES, Tho advocatos of the cosducation of the sexes may find oncouragoment lu tho history of au in- atitution at Alfred, N, Y,, in which the syatom s beon in suceossful practice for thirty-soven yoars. The school bogan in & humble way, in & amall upper room, with 86 pupils. It lacked en~ dowmént, and for years wont through with tho trying oxperionce of all indigent instituttons. But, by good managemont, it gradually increased 1ts nuaibors and resourcoy until it now Las on it aunual cataloguo an nvorage of 460 studouts, Up to the prosout timo it hns bad about 7,000 matrionlates, made up of a nearly equal numbor of young men aud young wotnon. ‘The averago of tho former has boon 20, that of tho Iatter 133 aud the nverage timo of attendatice bas beoo, for botl, about two yoars., Yrom thio records of the school, which have Leea carefully kept from the beginning, it is ascortained that tho average schoitship of tho Indios ins boon 2 por cont batrer than thogo of the goutiemon. I'io courso of aundy has boen that usually puraucd iu acadewios and collegos, In the lower branches both sexes hLavo boon oqually roprosonted ; but in the higher studics, aud especially in the claseics, tho goutlemon have prodominated, as the course was olective, “flio doatli-rate amung tho malo studonts Las baon 10.6 of 1 per cout, ‘while that of the fomalo atudonts has boen 7.8,—boing 2.8 per cout in favor of tho latter, ’i‘lms, il oducation has had anyniluonco upon tho lioalth of oither, 1t bas, in this case, boen more beneticial to the women thun to the men. Iuovery reapoct the advautuges of tho school have beoa “equally shared by the two soxes, 'Lhioy havo joiued in the samo recita- tious under tho eamo toachors, aud beeu marked according to tho same staudards. Ag for tho moral effoct of tio association of tho soxes in this inatitntion, tho report is in tho Iughest degreo sntisfuctory, = No cuse of boziug hins over ocourred in the collogo, and uo socret nociety bas ever oxisted inin. 'L'he circumstan- cos surrounding the school are exceptional, »s it is 6 wilos from a glass of boor,—no liconso for solling liquor haviug been granted in tho town whoro It (}l situatod, for thirty years. Tho ab- senve of slcololio stimulants hus perbaps lind an inflaenco in wouning the young men from the use of tobacco, for it is said that the filthy weod does not detile the precinots of tho collogo, or of tho town even. 'I'ie marriages of Alfrod studonts, consequont upon thuir associntion” togetbar in studen' 1fo, are less than 4 por cent of the wholo Buwer. ‘When wo consider the huudrods of youngmoen and womon who have beon brought togathier in this collogo, and thoir sverago age as givon above, this last record is rather oxiraordinary. It slows that, when boys and girls aro hard at work ovor their books, they are not inclined to sentiment or flirtation ; and aleo, that, whenable, by coutiuual coutact in thoe schuol-room s wot 08 in outside lifo, to ostimate ench other ata corroct valuoe, thoy aro losw liablo to the follies sud vagarios of tho teador passivn. TUE POSTAL OARD, From statistica turowshod by the journal of the Frauklin Iustitute, Philadolphia, it seoms that, in all the countries of Europe in which tho postal card has boon introducod, its use has boon dooidodly advantagoous, Its ciroulation has nowhoro diminished tho numbor of lottora mailed, but, on tho contrary, has tended to in- croaso comnmunication by the old forms, and to onhanco the postat rovenue, The postal card waa introduced 1nto England io 1870, at the price of Laif-peuny (1 cont), lottor-postago boing 1penny, 'I'he average citculation of tho eard in naw 1,600,000 por weok, Abovo 70,000,u00 woro mailed in 1871, and in 1872 tho numbor was still grostor, Lho’ lottora mailed in 1870 wore 863,- 000,000, and in 1871 815,000,000,—nn incroase of 52,000,000, noswithstanding the oxtonsive uso of the eard, In Gormany, the uso of the postal card began practically i July, 1870,—tho price bolng tha somo ey for lettor-postago, ono groschon (214 conts), July 1, 1874, this prico waa reduced to balf o groachen (1} cents), lottor-postage ro- msining unchaugod, Tho letters mailod 1n 1870 wore 205,000,000 ; 1w 1871, 240,000,060, 1n Bwitzorlsud, the postal card system was in- treducod Oct, 1, 1870,—tha orice beiog b con- timon (Leont). In 1871, 1,718,710 cards wero wailed, wiilo tho lottora’ eafriod Incroaod from 20,478,844 in 1870 to 25,503,851 in 1871, Bolgium adopted postal cards July 1, 1871, at a rice of 6 centimes, Correspondence by letier 188 muanwhile ateadily incroased. In Donmark, tho sflntam was introduced Apnl 1, 1871,—tho general card COBLIN 4 skilliugs §2,4 conts), and _ the istrict card 2 gkillings (1.2 ‘conts), In Hweden, tha prico of the postal card, flvat fixad at 12 ora (8i¢ cents), hus beon reducod to 10 ore (2.8 conta). Norway has usod tho postal card since Jan, I, 1873, with tho usual satlufuclmly resulty, Its Drico svad at firat that of ordinary lottor-postaga, O wkillings (2.9 conts), but has since boen ro- duced to 2 ekillings, Russia adopted postal caids Jan, 1, 1873, ot the prico of E Lopecks (1 cent) for tho district eard. Austria s tho crodit of firat establishing the s{utem,—thfl idoa ovigivating with Dr, Emanuel Hermann, Professor in tho Vienua Military Acadomy, It way introduced in Octobor, 1809, and tho Hirat your the circulation amounted to 8,000,000, In Qoermany, Holland, Belgium, and Bwitzorland, in addition to the single postal oard, doublo cards ars issuod, for tho convon- ionce of sonding a propaid card for answor. Bpaln, Italy, Grooce, and Yortugal, are about to issuo postal cards; but Turkev has not vot ?nunad ita uloopy eyas to tho bouofits of tho syu- om. DALZAG, The life of Honora do Dalzac, the equally fer- thlo and fitful Fronch novelist, i crowded with amazing and bewildoring incideuts. Tu the early period of hia caroer ho dwelt in & garrot, in pov- orty and obuourity, Coutidont of his gonius, aud Dent upon success, ho toiled incossautly and pa- tiontly over Lin books, donying himsclf tho slighitort Indulgence, aud dovoting overy enorgy tothe perfocting of hiw work, Ho spared no pains to ronder his uovels acourate and completo i avery partioular. Io vieiied ovory mpot ho wishied to deserlbo, and studied local poonlisritios of lauguago, costumo, aud manueis, until Le wase ablo skillfully ta repraduce them. Liut, wheu fame and prollmrltv bud onco boen cons quored, he oliangod hils Lubits totally, and, as ifto 1uako up for fornsor abstemiousness, plungod ta reckless aud_unboundad extravuguuco and dis- sipation, o never rolazel in hia loyalty to is genius, sud, although bis intervuls of lsbor were liregulur snd mfroquont, whon ko did sot about tha struotnre of & now uovel, he was the sawe pationt, honeut workiuan to tha last, Ilig prodiglous poners of eniurance aud (acllity of ~enyasition saabled hiia 1o turow o & aovel in s wondorfully-brief perlod; but, after he nd on ronown, and with 1t command of the pubs lishors and ‘tho public, and bad tnsted the do. lighta of dinalpation, it was & most dinioult mattor toinduce it to throw aside hi dloand luzurioua ploanuroa aud roaumo the work of his wriling. Once wot abuut it, iowevor, he'sgaln became tha assiduous, abatemious tollor, pasing noithor for reut nor rolaxation until bi task was dono. Wao, oopy from Mr. Colling an secount of his elngular hnul ta of composition ¢ Tho houso~door ws d t ‘body, exco| chunged toa loons whits robo, of the sort which i worn by the Dominican monks, T singular writing.tlroas wan fastened round the walst by & chain of Vouotian gold, to which hung lttls pliors and sclsaora of Ito same procious motal, White Turkish 1 nrs, and rod Moroceo slippers, embroldersd with gold, covered b legs and feet, On tho day when he wat down (o hils deslt, the ]IFM of hioaven was shut ouf ond ho worked by tho light of candlos fn super silver scouces, Even loiters wore mot allawod o reach They wore ail thrown, a8 thoy came,, fnto s Japon vass, and mot opened, no matter how Important {hey might be, til s work was over, Ho azono 10 bogin wrliing at'2in tho moruing; continued, wilh extraordinary rapidity, HIL0; then' fook Dis warm bath, and stoppen i 16, thinking, for an hour or more, At 8 o'clock hi ser- yant Lrouglit him a cup of coffee, Beforo 9 his pubs= Jinhor waa ndmitied, to carry away what ho had done, From 011l noon Lie wrote on again, always at the top of lis apeed. At noon s broakfasted on egge, willi & Klase of water and a_socond cup of coffes, From 1 to G o'clock hio roturned to work, ' At @ ho dined lightly, only allowing himself oo g! of wine, From 7io 8 ho rocolved his publishes uin, and at € o'clock ho weut to bed, “This lifo ko led while he wag writing lifs book, for two months togother, with- out futormission, It effect on hus Lealth wau such, thst, when ho appeared once moro_amoug hin felonds, lio looked, i tho popular phrase, llke bis own ghost. Cuanca wequaintances would hordly know him lvuln. ‘41 tofl sixteon Liours ont of the twenty-four,’ safd o, fovor tho elaboration of my unhanpy ll’la iand I Am never miisfied mysolf who all is doue, 0 00¥= erd ko proofa of 1is imanuscripta, sud the rovinos of hin proofs, with curroctions and altorations, snount= ing sometluios to one-third of the origlnal matter, 1o was the terror of printers,” SUAESPEANE IN GPANIST, Tuore Is now, for tho firat timo, & prospoot that Spaniards witl have iho opportunity of bocom- ing acquainted with Bhakepeara's works' thraugh tho modium of thoir own tougua. It ia not & littlo surpriging that a poople whose drams, noxt to that of England, is the noblest among modorn natfons, shoutd bavo boon contont to walt until this lato day for & familiar koowlodge of the writings of England's iucomparablo poot, Near- Iy seventy yoars ago, a version of * Hamlet," by Sonor Moratin, was given to tho 8panish publie; and recontl! two tragodios—'* Macleth" and !*llomeo and Juliet,” 1if wo mistako not—huvo beon trauslated by the Marquos do dos Mior- manos, Both theso trauslators made use of proso as tho ‘vehiclo for couvoying Shakspoare's thoughts to Spavish readers. " Although Mora- tin's * Hamlet ™ is cousiderod a tolerably-goad tranalation, delloate sliados of meauing wero often obeoured or loat, as {n the linoy: H Oh that this too, too solld flesh would malt, Thaw, aud redolvo ftuclf into s auw, which wore rendored, *Ob, if thia excossive mass of flosh would soften aud liquity itsolf in & detugo of tears,”” s Au odition of Shakspenre, howavor, i8 now un- der way, which, if complated, will givo 8paniarda u faithiul counception of tho original. It fs tho work of Souor Jaime Clark, and is highly credit- ablo to tho writer's skill aud to his comtmund of both English and Castilisn idioms. Tho four volumes nlready Iseuod coatain * Othello,” ‘Much Ado About Nothing,” *Thoe Merchaut of Venico,” ** Measuro for Measuro,” " T'wolrth qum." * Romoo aud Juliet,” and **As You Like Ie." Bewor Olark bas followed tho toxt of Bhaxspears quito literally, and yebsacrificed little of the origlual forco and beauty. Mo has also #uccceded In hoppily preserving the vavious forws of vorsification found in Shakspearo, TREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS, Thoro aro now upward of fifty Soviatios for the Presontion of Cruolty to Animals in tho Unitod Btatea aud tho Provinces. Ar. Bergh established the first about soven yoara ngo; and, scon aftor, tbo Pounsyl vania Boclety was set on foot. Fifteen new Bacieties woro founded last year; aud, from tuo onorgy manifested by all the various organiza- tious, there is hopa that, in timo, the wrongs anid the wants of tho dumb animals in our land will rocoive just attontion, The sixth roport of tho Pennaylvanis Socioty shows that It juvestigatod 8,634 cases of oruolty in 1878,—an exhibit that iudicates groat activity on thopart of tho Hocioty and great iuhumanity on tho pait of tho com- munity, Wo loarn from the report that tho avorago loss by denth on cattlo-traina arnving in Phuladolphia i8 2,003 per mouth, On ono train which orrived at Pittsburg from Clicago, lnss April, there woro 1,600 doad animals, all of whioh wero nlive whou thoy started. ‘Chis was, how- over, an exceptional cnso; but thero is unde- ninbly o nocessity for tho Congrossional mak “To provent cruoity to avimals in trousit in tho TUnitod Btatea.,” THE SEA SERPENT OI 1818. "One finbdrod wud Twenty Feot Long, Larger tham w'i 0, SLaps 011 the Back Five to Six FoeviApari,mnt Xicad Lilke o Scal, Aloaton Correspondence of the Pittsburg Gazette, Bowe importunt ovents of time may be roscuod from sinlaug into oblivion, which induces e to vresout for tho presont goueration a sceno of which I was & witness in my youtb, nud which in aa frosh in my memory a8 if 1t had tr pired only yestorday. ‘Although the larsor number of “otbior wilneases wero of 1.a- turer years, and have izasuad off from tho scones of lifo, yob bavo couvorsed with them sinco the event on the snbe jeet, amoug whom weroe saveral mombory of tho Nociety of Friends, who subsequontly tworo proachiors and leading membors of the Lynn So- ciety, and who related tho atory ng I sowpressut it. ‘Lam oware that tho massos of that, and of the present day, havo no feith that such an an- maul was Boon ; this, probably, was moro tho fear of being hoaxed and thoir prido being woundod than from fear of auy ovil boing the resui, On Aug. 21, 1818, “soveral porsous of Baston stopped at Lynn on their roturn from an excur- slou of pleasura from Nahant, and stated that whila crosaing tho beach, achools of fisl, perei and hardbends, woro throww upon tho Lench, lort high and dry by tho roceding waves, and nt a short distanco a largo aulnel “was playing in the water, and had driven those flsh ou tho shore, It being twilight, they cameon to Lyon. Thia nows soon sprond, Xarose av 8 u'clock a. m, on tho 22d, and procoeded to Ted Rtnck, o short, rocky promontory running into deop wator; thero woro about 100 persons on this same errand, Wo waited pationtly until about 5:90 a. w,, when ono porson eaid : ** Loolt at the Nahant end, throo-quartors of a mila; whnt ia that whicl looks like long plauks, bobling up and down, ghowing an uuorquat surfaco? Tho sorpont!” ‘The whole erowd rushed as it U command, clambering over foncos, gulliss, an through loug grass, untll they roached tho plain bench, When half-way across we came up to bim, right about face. We ran parallol with b until ho reached withia 80to 100 foct of Red Rocl, whon & boy threw a atone towards him, Ho sunk bmmediutoly, and I saw tha wake Lo lofl whon helf-way across Bwumpcott Bay or Liarbor, which was tho last I saw of him. 1o moved in s steady, rapid, stately manner, &8 if unmindful of any spectators, botw aen ug and a clear sunsline unobstructed i»y eloud or mist, tho &oa calm, from 100 to 150 foat frowm us; Iy longeh apparontly 100 to 110 faot; of iho dinmotor of & large barrol ; of & glistoningr brown or durk color. 'I'no hiead up, Just inclimng to o perpondicular, from 8to 4'foot from he ava; more flat and Llunt than a lorse's hoad, 1o wmovad as (ast ga wo could rapldly run, On tho 224 thousands come down from Ron. ton, of whom thoro way the United Status Mar- shal, Princo, who gave & long dotailed, corroct, and interostivg account. He saw hii on tho oautorn ond of Nubaut, at timos betwesn 12w, aud 3 p. m. Lo was a lignly-rospectalle, in- fluontixl man, Alon were apnointed to oilice in thoua duya, not wo much for palitical profussions as for thefr integrity, capacity, aud eftivicncy, I visited tho Essox Iustitute to soarch for thg files of tho Boston Ynynm of that day, an:l fuund two, with the roport of Capt, Rich, wlm(,m. noar onough to strike & bharpoon on him, which glnnced off, and ho aunk into tha deop, Anothor day Mr, T, Hodgking, s seafaring man, whose desoription s little vnryln]: from my onn, Bays bo won ‘120 feot lunm, larger than s lm-mll tho humpe ou the buck 6 to & fedf apart, houd like a sonl. Ifls motion was up atd down, more liko a caterpillar than hkon #uskoor ne!,mdnlnuq which gave the apptarauco of protuberanoes,” fieus poruons saw him on tha 20th of August, at or near Capa Amy, 80 to 40 wilos belaw Nalant Beach, Isaw it an tho wmorning of the 22d, Bo thore is but littte diy- oropancy tn the scconnta. Idoubt whoibiar yny ono hiad a botter chanco of seeing him, whon tha ciraumutauces aud time wo occupied are tukan in viow, than we had, Al the aceounts of Lls being seon one year provious, and tho aono sue. coeding, in the oconn and on tho coust, genorully gavo this ssmo desoriution of Bim, with but litils verintion, and that wuy Lo from what wus the position aud distauce of” the obsarvor, lglt or cloudy, or deoeption by the glare of tho hator, or from the judgmout or Imagination of tha bos holders, Thls nay bo act down as a re!iabla favt,—an uucominon «ea animal of large Lague alous Was Gn our eoast 1o M4id him, British-Amorican