Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 2, 1874, Page 10

10 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, AUGUST 2, 1874 — e e e e - THE WOMAN QUESTION. Prof. Goldwin Smith's Opposition to ‘Woman-Suffrage. Women in Business-Life—The Competency of Women for Fighting Purposes. Charitable Works of Women---The Edu- cation of American Women. Mrs. Systemafic Stacy-~Women as Pho- tographers---Hiscellaneous Fem- inine Notes. Prof. Goldwin Smith’s Oppesition to Woman=Suffrage. Tv the Editor of The Clucuga Triinnc: i Eu‘:: The persistence with which Goldwin Smith, 2nd other more or lees able mi(exjs in op- position to womsn-snrage, are teaching tho erude notion iheot, in civilized Taces, existing Luman Governments yest solely upou ‘nm strongth of the fighting clement in the socioty governed, but illustrates what hus beon so ofien remarked of the difficulty with which even clear 1ntellects avoid & nataral tendency u? mlnr}_ym& facts in accordance with the instinctive dosires of the individual. For surely, othorwiee, these \riters would goo that, at present, human Gov- ernmecut rests upon something FAR 3OLE GOMPLIX, a0d, on the whole, far more potent in human af- fairs, than *tho forco of the community resid- g i tho male cox.” This is plain whon we re- flect that the stabi of every Government de- pands upon tho general confidence in tho peace- fuil scquisscence, not only of the * fighting ma- jorty,” but of all governed. X In England and other Europesn nations, {o-day, the nctual foundations of Government are less in tho power of “the fighting clement,” or in any conscious acquicscence of the “majority of tho fighting elemcut,” then in & half-superstitious reverence for the de- scondents of ‘““tho fichting element ™ of past generations, joined to a more of less well- founded dread of the possible resulia of an at- tampt to change the existing eystem. Tor, n_ut forgetting the sucers & Euglish Royalty and its functions, which are so frequent on the lips of tuoso who debght in calling the Queen and Royal femily “mere figure-heads,” tho fact re- wains, that the =verago Xnghshman, notably pot_destitute of common scnse, docs pay, oub of the products of his thrift and indusiry, 8 much larger sum for the support of bis Qucen then any common-ecnse estimato of the value of any sort of * figure-heads™ would warrant. With us, in the United States, our Govern- meet had ite origival foundation in tho wide- spread conviction 1o the. minds of the Colonist: after their struggles with the hlother-Country, that, Lroadly speakiug, the best hopo of a good Government for the futuro populations of the Continent lay in the admission of ALL THE GOVERNED y to an expression by ballot of cloice concerning it, znd in the agrecment of ell to abide by tho decisions of the majority £o expressed. In this conviction there were two elements: Firat, o slight. concession to the fighting-power of the majority a8 1t then stood ; tho other, & belief that, on the whole, the cuoice of & ma- jonty concerning the gencral conditions under which ail must live_is more likely to bo just to the individusal, to be wise in its suggestions for 2l general welfare, and moro favorablo to thosa gradual changes which progrees implies, than anv otiser system yot dovised. 5 This last conviction is to-day tho foundation of whatover stability, peace, or Lope for the ru- re, there i3 in our Republic. It has heen ¢4 of the national life aiGe, and by cho in- L strenpihened with the gr 1y all that bas fed uationsd ateble fact, that, thus e in the histors of Hepublic, the well-being urnd opporiunities ual, uoaided Ly mberited wealith, or the prestige of noole mucesiry, have b greater than in other nationalities. On the other band, this conviction has been checked aod hardeued in its growth by many causos, promi- nent smong which are the insfances of hasty and barmfu! legislation, determined by the ac- tion of ignorant or corrupt legisiatory, chosen by ignorant voiers, in pite of the pratests of tEe more inteliigent porticn, or, as bas sometimes heppened, with their cnmunal connivance or in- disference. _ Zfout thinking persons havo at times echoed Carlyle’s query, **How can we expect twenty- seven millione, mostly fools, to have wirdom to get themsalves wisely govarne But all have not seen that a partial answer t6 the query is in the fact. that, given ycur **twenty-roven mil- lions, mostly fools,’ i h ALL CAN UNITE AND PAETICIPSTE, and which all can be iuduced to patieutly and persistently follow, hes nore likelihcod of sectr- Iuz peace., stability, and progress, with all tiat tLise imply to smid *‘fools,” than auy other open to them. i 1. indecd, anything ia buman experisnce thus far Jed to the eonclusion, that, by settivg apart o family, or class of persons, for the excluzive work of buman Gevernment, we should find them doveloping special wisdom, cepacity, and purity, for their work, we ghould do well to stop our k of the universal ballot, beseech ths Divine powers to give us a King. and on bended Lnees, and with many vives, beg him tocomaand rule us, Bus the truth is, there is notking encouraging that direction. ‘Fhe * Divine right of Kings" rests upon no better foundation n the pact, and bux no better hope ot promse for the future, than the right of any nuwber of millions, :*moatly fools™ though they Le, to govern themeelves, and to try to out- grow their folly by so doing. And the conviction is gaining ground, that, whilo one man may bewiser than & million, tho probabilities are, that any course of action npon Whick & majority of that million would sgree, after a foll cousderation of tho questiou, d: the of the indi would ba BETTER FOR ALL CONCERNED el;uud that determined in any other way yet de- vised. X It is this conviction. more or less perfectly de- veloped in the minds of the citizens of our Re- public, which 13 tho foundation of our Govern- meut, zud whatever ‘' peace &nd eccerity” are enjoyed under it; aiid not o conviction that o voiing mojonily represents a fightiug majority of such physical force that it mucst be oboyed. Gradually, but surely, the common sense of meakied is reaching the conciurion, that there is something moro potent in human affalrs, something more woiihy 6f reverent regard, an better entitled to_obedience, than tho physical force of muscle or needle-guns. Muuy facts all about us illustrate the truth of this ; let ue mention one. In'zll civilized nationx, young men, frowm 16 or 15t0 21 conetituta a lurgo porticn of the fight- ing element or physical forze of the Stale; they are-crerywhere unheeitatingly denied tue ballot, or any voico in public affairs; while men from 60 toextreme old age, enpposed to bo incapnble of military service, are allowed a vote upon pub- lic measures, declare peace or wa, aud, by their yotes, compel voung men, during the four * sears when tho impulses of their individual lifo are strougest, and their gensa of the public needs lcast controlling, to shoulder the 'knapsack and fight in wars, and for measures which they had no voice in deter- mining, and which they aro not asked to ap: prove. 1t i3 prolable that the class of young men from15t0 21 is pumencally larger, and sctually much stronger, thau the class of voting en above 0. How does this comport with the Elatement that electivo Governments rost upon "—‘;{Pb_wlxcx\l force of the voters ? 15, 88 Irof. Smith and othiors tell us, the ad- Papeion to the Lallot of suy considerable num- the Opoou-fighting individuals tends* to weaken ;Jourdations “of Elective Governments by Fioone lerislative power where it caznot bo Lenticd with tha fiB"xling power," we must fecl N Pmsnn: 3‘15‘-%‘,5_".?;;2’0‘“”3“ ia Will Goldwin Srais s 10 the dinfrantht, 30 Lo & movement lo it to inexpericaced young man gy L24 Biviag physical " fightinz qualivies pecgsy 170 the # their espression of thelr el {0 mako It crfainly connot ba elaimeg g corected "7 aad old men aro 8o harmonious fn {est RED oud opinions that Do elaehing ey 0T 1deas since even the superficial student of bt ture would edmit that thiero aro no mity 'S~ wumsn society so utterly at variance in mmn"h.? fecung, and opinion upon social and polines] Queetions, a8 young men of 20 and old men g %0, What explznation of the facis juststated 1. then, possible, except that young men in civile ized communities Dot grow up with a recogni- tion of the fact that their physical strength is a factorin the well-boing of the State than the judgment, espericnce, 2nd thought of older wmen? More to be deprecated than its effect upon the womsn-snifrage movement is the oflest of Gold- win Smiths toacing (trom s declored advocate of Elective Government) upon_the public eenso of the principies upon which Elective Govern- rients rest. s Instead of teaching ths duty of a minority in an Elective Government to “submit to the de- cisions of the majority until legitimate measures 1d change that majority, he gravelv asks. Vould men submit aps not; but what right have they to ask THAT WOMEN Si(OCLD SUBMIT AT PRESENT, oxcept on the ground that o majority favors ox- isting conditions ? The right of tho strongest to deermino the ecnaitionsof gli? Dnt how can itbe ehown that tho mabt of tho strongest should bo eny more respected than the right of the wenk to becoma strong if possible ? JMavy of I'rof. Smith's arguments in hig re- cent artiele, xeprinted from Macmillan’s Maga- zine by the Popular science Monthly, are of such a charaeter that a woman finds it hard to answer them with the patience and dignity one should bring to this dizcussion ; but lis allusion to Joln S t Mill should kave somenotica. Doubtless r. Mill's ndvoescy of woman-guffrage, though zenerous, had something of tho character of vartisan championship. Mr. Mill lacked and bemonned his lack of training in that seientific method of siudy of the plenomena of human lifa ¢hrough which alone it 1s poseible to explain the present relution of the sexes, without find- ing in fbem evidenco of tho conrsest yranpy over woman by man; and bhig treatment of the subject was in harmony with the feclings produced in his naturo by that o dence. But, when Coldwin Smith says, “ Mr. 3Miil is the real father of the whole movement,” tho writer distinctly remembers that, when a young girl of 15, casting ber cves about for her place and work in life, sho found tho doors of Harvard Collego closed to ber, and many ob- 8tacles in her patl, bocause of her sex, sho be- came convinced that there was BOMETHING WRONG IN WOMAN'S POSITION,” though she had never heard of John Stnart Mill.” Silent then from the natural timidity of South, and throngh many later yenrs of busy wifehood and motherhood, now that her con- viction of the truth of her exrlier opinion has been strengthencd by observation, thought, and experience, sho finds in theso facts & betler rea- son for her advocacy of this cause than anylead- ership of Johu Staart Alill could ba. In conclnsion, Goldwin Smith encers at Mr. Aills’ idea of marriage as ** o union of two pli- losophers in the pursuit of truth." It maydo 10 harm to tell him that there are many wotnen, no: ' monstrosities,” but women who would prefer Mills idea of marriage, iucompleta as it may be, to a marriage in which a hustand wonld feel at liberty, or would desire, to threaten a wife who did not vote as tho husband wished. Is anybody sure that women with the former praference would make worke wives and moth- ers? If so, heis freo to choose mufilbnr sOTE. Women in Business-Lifes T the Editor o7 T'he Chicago Triune : S1m: One of the city papers of Tharsday last malkes 2 suggestion in its editorial columns with reference to ladies being omployed in the various City and County ofices, Circuit and County Clerks'’ oftices, City Collector's oftice, eic., pro- vided those can bo found worlhy and competeut. We feel to exprees our thanks for this sugges- tion. e eaunot, however, indoree iho sweep- ing and satiricsl assertions with reference to woman's enterprise and ability generaliv. Wo knovw that they are based upon s misapprehen- sion of the facts, and, although perhaps apply- ing to that small class of young ladies, denomi- nated exclnsive snd aristocratic, “ who toil not, neither do they spin,” and who are a nuisanco to themselves and to society, it must be remem- bered that this claes arc in the minority. That there are thousands of brave, heroic girls in this city, who are COMPETENT, WORTIIY, AND WILLING to work, we know of our own knowledgo. Many of them bhave, by their own exertions, secured for thomselves a thorough, practical education, end are maintainiog themselves and thoso de- pendent upon them honorably and well. They gre refined, cultivated girls, who conduct them- eelves with dignityand self-respect. Many girls, owing 1o tho ourtailing of expenses on the part of large Lusiness-firms, have been discharged, and are now out of employment, unable to tind anything todo. Scarcely a week passes that we do not receive a call from gome girl or woman absolutely begging for work. We bhave found neatly all of them to be thorouglly respectable, competent, and_worthy, aud almost invariably their penmanship excellont. They are girls who yauet support themselves or starve. Thoy tellus that they aro constantly met by the response, ©*WE DO NOT EMPLOY LADIES,” or ““We do not transact business with ladies.” That those who rcfuse tiem employment do so on tha ground of sex, aud not on the gronud of uconepelency. There is still more or less of discussion as to the propriety or otherwise of ladies’ eutering the trades aud professions. Dui the discussion 1s not charucterized by that spirit of doubt or hesi- tancy which formerly marked nay suggestion as to woman’s maintaining herseif by any honora- Llo profesaion, occupetion, or employment. The worid has como to regard the question as ona of fitness, capability, competency, and not oue of Bex. And, from all honorabla and candid per- o8, theeo women of our city who have entered upon businees-life, and attended to that busi- ncss strictly and in detail, have mot with grener- ous encoaragement. Women ia tho trades and profeasions are no longer an experiment, but & recognized reality. " ‘Chey have compelled the ro- gpect of their competitors when the odds were fearfully against them, and with but little if uny aid from their own sex, because women bhave not been long enongl in business_to afford omploy- ment to uny large number. They bave not been judged by the samo standard with men, but by & holier, purer, bettor standard; and we feel that e can sey with just pride that THEY HAVE NOT BEEN FOUND WANTING. True it is that there bave been exceplions, sad and melancholy ones, and we are deeply grieved tiat they exist; but there ace good and bad in both sexes, and in 21l conditions of life. We Lave ever been proud of Chiczgo for her gencrosity toward those wio aro siruggling, buttling, toiling, for faine aud fortune : grateful for the generous recognition she ever accords to truo mesit and sierling ‘worth, whethor that worth be_cnshrived in a masculine or femininoe form. Therefore wo Lave beeu surprised to learn from these girls who depend upon a ealary for their maintonanca, that thoy arc met with the humiliating protext and refusod Emfilwymcut beeause they aro ladics. We heve heard of this pretext so often that we sec no reason to doubt the traih of the statement thatit exists, and, much ngainst our_inclivation, are cowpelled to 2dmit that there docs exist a ciass of individuals meso-spirited enough to cling to this souseless, unjust, and weo bad thought EXPLODLD FREJCDICE 3 a prejudice which insults not ovly our own sex, Dt alo tho bettor clasa of mon, by reflecting npou them go dishonorable a sentiment. Itis an outrage, in view of the brave work which our businese-women bavo accomplisbed in and for Clicago, Oue instance ceme under our personal observation where a business-fimm refused to transact bueiness with a ludy of acknowledged worth and zbility, sod who has been a member of the bustnessa [raternity for more than eight years,—eaying Lhat, whilo they recoguized her integrity aud ability, * It is_not our custom to traneact business with ladies.” Nor, while these gentlemen will not deal with ladies, the ladies proposo to deal with thom as thay deeerve. wo realize the responsibility of our pesition ; we propose to_conform strictly to all honorable rules of business lifo; to deal fairly and squarely; to be prompt and truthful ; to meet our eugagements. Wo propose to meot the business-community on strict business- ground. We aro conscious of certain rights, and they shallnot be infringed. Thore who at- :flmpz to trample upon those rights may find that oy CANNOT DO 80 WITH IMPGNITY. We will tolerate no *‘ways that are dark,” or Ptricks that zro vain.” Wo beliovo that the * Golden Rule™ can be made & prt of our busi- ness-life; and “Do unto others a8 you would that others shonld do unto you" is'the motto cnshrived in our bearty. Weo do ot ask foF chivalry. ‘Wo do not presume upon gonerosity. Wo propose to etand on our merits. We ask bt iwpartial justice. If complaints are to be made, Tet them be based upoun incompete: 1ot upon sex. We are tired of this sickly ssitimentalicy which would f4in bave us believe that s woman's life is 211 poetrs &nd romauce. 1t will do very well for scutimental lovers to talk about and moonstruck poets to write about, but the world bins never yet produced & woman who could sub- sist on poctry and romanco alonz. ‘They are not. 50 cthereal but that, ko vther mortals, they re- quire bread and butter. DBread 204 butzer must Te earned, and, the only honorabld way to esrn it is towerk. We want no moro teli'about “ We will not transact Lusi: i : You refase employment, 835 that it is because of itcompetency, aud then we shall kuow how to meat you. We have written this article on behalf of that class who deperd upon salaries fortheir support, and are without capital other than health and education. And we hope TiE TRIBUNE wiil adil its influenco toward opeuing the City aad County ofices ta women, and iving thom posi- tious ay bookkeepera, copyists, etc. A, ¢ Manliness and Cowardice.”? To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: & » Sm: A brave man does not ferociously strike his defeated adversary.” As “X,” in your last Sunday's issue, complains about being maltreated, it is pertnent to ask the question: Does *“X" (or any other of my opponente, protesting against the ** unmanli- ness ” of striking at them) mean o cm_:fuss bersolf “defeated” by uttering that wail of complaint ? If she does, let hor state 80 frankly, and ““Manliness "-will st once ceaso to strike at Ler. If, however, sho moans to continuo the fight, T am botind to inform her that ** Manli- ness ".requires tho. CONTINUED AFPLICATION OF HAID BLOWS sgainst the fighting enemy, as 1t is the part of the tcoward " only to ceaso striking whilo lus positious are being assailed. The differenco between the brave man and the coward is just this: That the brave man strikes as hard as over Iib cani as long o8 the battle is in progross, whilo tho_ ekulking coward advancos from his position in the rear and comménces to strike st the enemyafter tho latter has been laid low by the blows of the brave man. In regard to the other wail of complaint abont ihe “ awrul one-gidedness of ihe epecific func- tions of womanhood,” I declare my eutiro inno- cenco a8 to its origin or existence. That ** ono- sided " affair is simply & patentfact,and Lam doing nothing beyond stating what appear to me to by the legitimuto cousequences of that fact. If women actually dosire to get rid of the fact itself, I would adviso them to appeal for whatever chaogo thoy muy be yesarning for to the power that creatod it, ~ If their petitition should influ- ence the All-Pervading: and Omnipotent Cause of All Things 1o exevcise 1lis pleasuro by * - ducingsen to bear Lalf tho children,” I have 1o objéction to ‘the now double-sided arrauge- men, and. 23 8oon 88 it is in aperation, I will gladly acknowledgo its conscquences, which un- doubtedly would fuvolvo A SEEIOUS CHANGE in the present relations of male aad female, and which, it is to be boped, would also somewhat diversily the nwful onc-sidedness of tho male * sphere” pow prevailing. By ull means let tho petition bo circulated. 1am Teady to sign it. As to the capacity of woman for war, I can only repeat, ** thut after thoy Lave done so [vix.: proved their equalability by deede], they will have uo further need to plead and coax for their rights, as tke latter will bo firmly founded on the bed-rock of their own power.” Dut tho obvious improbability of woman ever being able to cope with men in warliko activity forces tho fomale-rights party to embraco tho hove of “eternal peaco and a ecttlement of dis- utss by arbitration.,” In my opinion, ‘it i8 impoksibla that arbitration will ever super- sede the employment of force. For the -reason that there are, and always will be, a hultitude of ‘questions in whick the two parties 10 the dispute Lve an equally #ood, fair, and reasonable claim, “while, from thenajure of tho case, only one of the parties can oblain possession of the matter of disputo. : NO COURT OF ARBITRATION can settle such questions. Yor inslanco : ‘Sup- pose twoshipwreckod individuals seize the seuio picee of plank, and {vercck‘e at once that that plank can support only one of them, which one of the twois cutitled to the use of the plank which will save his life, while tho oiler ono uust perish? Al who belicve that “ The time will come when s fighting-man will not \be Leard of,"- aro invited—uay, challenged—to ** arbitrate” that question whiich, so far, bas never been answercd. “Irying to solvo it, thoy will perbaps begin to perceive * why 118y so much strese on fightiug power.” **X” turns to the Germans for demonstration of ber suppoeition that the difference in physical strength between tho sexes is ouly tho result of “ dainty cducation. She says, * The German women show no inferiority in power iuthe strug- gle for bread and butter.” Tlat information 13 new {o me, und is the more astonisuiug ns, be- ing descondod from tho very class she ** turns to for demonstration,” I ought {o know something of their status. 1 do know that among thera 1 have never heard the claim made that womsu is equal to man in luboring capacity. 1 supposo the rea son of it 13, that those popuiations who are practically trying the abilities of the femalo hove learnod by the trial that sho is NOT EQUAL IN FOWER TQ_THE MALE, It isa well-known fact, sbundantly vroven by statistics, thet amongst those very populationy the healthy boy of 15 yearspossesses tho average strength and working capacity of the full-grown aud_thoronghly-bealthy womag ; while—and I would draw the attention of all those who are doubting that the pro- paration of the female for bLer specific func- tions absorbs the uatural strength, so the fact— thero is bLardly a porceptible dierence in strength betwecu the bo];;n and girls of those populations previous to the age of 9 to 10 yeurs. f thero exigted any fighting capacity amongst the Gorman women, I venture to say that the Prussian Governmenl, which keeps the sharpest lookous for anything 1n that line, would long ago bave utilized that power. So far as Judge Nott's opinion is coucerned, I inclino to the be- Jief that, if that gentlemun ever had carried a knapsack, n pair of blankets, shelter-tent, havor- sack with three days’ rations, cautecn filled with water, gun aud 100 rounds of ammuuition (lead- en bullets, mind yo. not peppermint-drops), for & distanco of 30 miles or so, under the bLot rays of tho midsummer sun,—as I did during the late “nnpleasantness” about the Afrivan,—he would probably begin to think that it iequires consid- erable strength to do that “litile” work of “'maarching " uccessary to get at the chance of #ghooting sud being shot.” 1 know that 50 per ceat of males of this highly-civilized age are not powerdul enough to answer thie requiroments of civilized warfare, But 1 grant not _only that “women will fight to defead their children,” buteven that, for that purpose, they will fght against odds which would induce the greatest hero to_to tiink dis- cretion the botter part of valor. In faci, when the protection of hor offspring Toquires it, tho Liealthy femalo, not only of Lumaniund, but of the ligher enimals, will recklessly faco ths greatest dangers and sacrifice 21l considerntions of sclfishness (however rational thoy wouid appear if, at such times, she wore able to con- sider). Dut, instead of considoring this as o proof of * fighting power,” 1 cousider it aa ono of the traits of superiority of the female in THE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS Nature hag fitted her for. No manwould bo able to perform those eacrifices whioh tho healthy female performs for the beuefit of her offspring, &nd withoat the' performance of which clildren could not be reared. 1f man had to rear *‘one- balf the children,” I am eatistied that & very small peroentage of bis ** one-half of the chil- dren ” wonld ever attain maturity., Theroe is soe truth in tho romark of “X.,” that **‘fhe German women show no 1uferiority in the struggle for_bread and butter.” In the middle and lower classos they are, indeed, gen- erally able to support themsclves. Lut they are not by any means able to cqual man in **carn- ing " capacity. For it mugt be taken into con- sidoration that mau, if bo wants to supply bLis natural wants, must earn enough to snpport bimeelf and a female, the bothersome company of whom, being a necessity to his happy exist- ence, he wants to Lave about him; while the working woman only needs to carn sufiicient to £upport her own golf. This 18 an item worthy of consideration to &ll thoso reformers who cry 8o Iustily about the terrible injustice of unequal pay to the male and female, However, compo- tition regrulates pay in proportion to the amount and quality of work furnishod. Joux H. Becken. Charitavle Worlks of Women. - Xrom Chambers' Journal.. . - Whatever may bo the difference of opinion re- specting *‘women's rights,” and the * learned professions " which they may follow, there can be no doubt that single women wich time at their disposal, and with a fancy for doing some practi- cal good, may advantageously employ themselves iv various ways for tho prevention and azsnage- ment of human suffering. There, we think, tley have & proper fleld of duty. We remember seeing, with much satisfaction, tho de- votedness of the Sisters of Charity in the great hospital at Lyons. Bome were acting a3 nurses of the sick, some as dis- peunsers of drugs, gome 28 CoOLE, fome 28 housa- servants ; all according to their respective tastes and capacities. Everything was gone sbont quiotly. There was no parade of fashionable drees. The guiding priceiple was seemingly & meck sense of duty, and {he duty was done. 1t is not in our province to mako remarks on dorominational characteristics, Inquiryinto the aseociation of women on & roligious basis, bo it Roman Catholic or Protestaint, is not our role. We let all do as they like. Thst good may be dong by united effort, is @nquestionsblo ; buf tleere is no reason why much mey not be effecte by individuals, as taste or fancy suggests. The worid is broad enmongh for all. What cases woe have tnown of danghters eacrificing voutlh and its gay prospects to succor- ing and cheering aged mothers plunged in mfl'crsity, of sisters toiling and weariny thom- sclves out to Lelp brothers languishing and frienaless! Thero is traly much good in the world unoatentatiously performed by women, which the world never hoars about., It would ba but a narrow policy to inquire into motives, or altempt to squato everthing off according to somo sectarian canon. When tho sick are at- tended to, the abject raized, waifs recovered, the aged and friendlces soothed, let us be thankful, and ask no questions. i A Latterly, thero hns been stir iv the direction now iudicated. \hile mauy English women bave, to all appearsnce, been thinking of lofly aud fantastic coiifures, and_copiously buncling dresses, or wasting oxistence 'on visionary en- sationalism, o good number bhave ovidently seitled down = to wor charity sud morcy; each selesting some spe- cial objects of solicitude. It cannot but be known that Maria S. Ryo and Miss Lowin cdoptod & plan for assisting governedses to emi- grato. Sinco commencing operations twelve years 830, they bave found Lonorablo occupa- tions in tlie colonies for about 170 governesscs, who might otherwise have been pining out their lives in the home count Encouraged in her good work, Miss Ryo widened her sphere of operation, and eev about gatheriny houseless sgutter clildren,” and taking taem in baiches to Cauads, where she had a Home prepared for them. The Ipmjr:ct. wag omineutly succass- ful. ‘Tho. children, after passivg thcough a courso of instruction and disciplive, nro eagerly sought for as ‘“helps” In respect- able' families, and & number of them aro adopted. Wo learn from s littla book, entitlod Facta, non Verta (Deeds, not Words), which de- seribes tho bonevolent efforts of this and several other ladies, Lhat Miss Lye *has crossed the At- luntic no fewer than fiftéen times, and has sue- ceedod in finding rospectablo homes aud occupa- tion for 1,200 girls.” But this is not all; she has mado thrée voyages to Australia and New Zea- land, aud thero proenred situstious for 1,500 female servants. “Speaking of ber success in providing homes for poor children in Caunads, a nowspaper of that colony suy ** Miss Rye's schems goes Lo the ruot of thesocial misory that adlices the poarest class in Britain, It takes away its lost and orphan children beforo they grow up iuto an ignorant, idle, and victous, and therefore dangorous, class of society. It trans- plants them hore, where they find homos, and are cared for and trained up into uselul aud in- dustrions babits, bocoming part aud parcel of our own people.” “ho noxt instanco of what can boe done by women ia that of Annie Macpherson, whose philanthropic efforts, prior to 1866, wero chiotly expended among the agricultural laborers of Cambridgeshire, Then wa hear of her being Lusy in instructing the poorer classof children in ono of tho meanest parts of London, where hundreds of Jittlo creatures pick up a scanty subsistenco by making match-buxes; eome of them not more than 4 years of age, toiling to support thriftless mothers, or besotted drunk- cn fathers, From less to more, Mis3 Macpher- son resolved on carrying out o project similar to that of 3Miss Rye. Her operations, howover, were chiefly conlined to the emigration of orphan boys, **stract Arabs.” In Muy, 1870, ehe tock & hundred of these poor children to Canada, where they were absorbed in the families of respec:able farmors and tradesmen, Rcturn- ing to England, she crossed the Atlantic a second time ; on this ocension taking a band of young girls und young widows, whom sho had been in- vited to bring out. After making arrangements for receiving. fresh batehes of poor children, sho usain_returned to England, and bas since been ‘occupiod carrying of a soyies of detachmente, To quote from the work alresdy referred to; ** Miss Annio Macpberson hes crossed the Atlsntic ten times, taking withi ker no fewer than 1,500 of the wild street Arabs of the east end of the metropo- fis. These sho hus not only placed in respectablo families in Canada, but hag established an agen- cy there, of nupaid co-operators, who wateh that the boys are wcll taken curo of, and, in caso they lose their situations by any scciden- tal causo of their own or their emplogers’, im- mediately find them other occupation. 1t will thus be seon that as mavy as 3,000 children have been taken from the gutters and back slums of TLondon, and placed in comfortable and respect- ablo hozaes is the new couctry.’ All houor to these women! The ouly fear we have is, that their céfforts to relieve parents of their' obliga- tions may help to encourage improvidence, and, as yegards tho dissolute, increase the attractions of London as @ Draw. This was lately pointed out by us in reference to numorous public charj- ties in London and elsewhero. * Chantable ef- forts, whether by iddividnals or societies, aro ouly commenablo when they do wot tend to create the miseries which they aro designed to pssuage. 'Lhat seemsto bo the ouly =afe and proper test for genoral guidance. Next, we havo the soil-sacrifice of Mary Mer- ryweather, who ‘dovotes herself toinstructing and morally elevating the girls at alarge factory at Halsted. Sho gets up a freo evening school, reads, teaches, and with mildness tries to re- clzim the disorderly. The girls weroe difficult to deal with, but the udult women sers worse, for, like tho men, they frequented thepublic-houses, and wasted their timo and money. Itwasan up- hull job to counteract theso depravities, but she did it. ““Anottier attraction ngninss which Miss Herryweather biad perticularly Lo work wore the penny dauces, which were, of course, accom- ‘panied wich immoderate drinking and low songs, and wera generally got up in public-hanses. 1y degrees, however, sho contri to induce tue women to feave them.” Wo have uos space to good deeds of this bLo- nevolently disposed woman. Let it suf- fico to say, she “has _superintended the education and traming, as well as the direc~ tion, of 323 nurses, cuch i Ler wayas eficient s first-class Sister of Charity.” Aparc from which fact, “the nursing of several first-class Tospitals is under Ler management, a8 well s the poorer and wnost equalid districts of Loudon.’ Now comes practical benevolence of a differ- oot kind. Itis the devotion of Johanna Chandler to the poor persons afllicted with paralysis and epilepsy. She beran by sttending to the case of & carpantor, helplessly stricken with paralvsis, whose wifo was dviug of cousumption, and both in o stato of poverty. Thera was u blessing on ber efforts. From one thing to another, Miss Chzndler *‘established and orgavized a Convales- ceut’:l-llospi!a.l, now doing an inmense amount of sood.” B Our next heroino, Elizaketh Gilbort,ia of a Giflerent category. Born in the lap of luxury, she wag, at 4 yearsof age, prosirated withscarlot fover, from which she recovered only with the totul loss of sight. Under this heavy afliction, ehe was not daunted. With acute intelligence, she pursued her education, and became skilled in music, 08 well as in_the French. German, and Itulian languagos. Her own iufirmity led her to trke n deop interest in the condition of the blind. Suo organized a staff to look after them, estab- Lshed = depot in London to find them work, con- ducted plaus for their education, and now, throngh Ler various agencies, “ nearly 1,000 blind peoplo bave in great part placed in thoir hands the means of supplsing themselves by thoir own labor with the paocessaries of life.” One of tho specialtics of lier benevolent efforts has been to provide work for poor bliud persons in their own homes throughout tho couuntry. The opera- tions of the society she has established extends over twenty counties in England. That estima- ble lady wiil bave her reward, ‘We almost datly rend of death-rate. In gomo towna it is much higher than in others. Bad drainage, 1mpars air, delicient house accommo- dation, cold, and wretchedness, aro predominant causes of_a bigh desth-rate. In almost all such cases, the mortality is principally among chil- dren. Adverso circumstances in largo towns kill them off rapidly. In some of the close and meauner suburbs of Loudon, through want of warmilh aond attention, ouly ome child in five reaches 5 years of age. A ehocking account of tho population this! It is the more distressiug from a considera- tion of the fact, that every benevolent attempt to succor the poor tends to aggravato their dis- eolutences and improvidence, by tcachicg them to rely on extrancouns aesistance.- Foundling hospitals, for example, were - well meant, but they created tho evil thoy were appointed to avert. Much tho same thing, we fear, must bo said of what the French call the créche, a word ignifsing the crib or manger. Thero are va- riops.croches in Poris. They are places where women may leave their infants ta be attended to during the day, whilo they go out to some om- ployment. It is a cheap and handy way for mothers gotting rid of the trouble of taking caro of their children. Only itisa bad and unpatu- ral way, and society muet be proncunced to be in_an unwholcsoma state when expedicnts of this kind are resotted .fo. How far they should be encouraged, i3 a perplexing qnestion. The creche, nswo gather from tho work already quoted from, has gained a_footing in London.” Throtigh the well-meant exertions of 3rs. Hilton, & Quakeress lady, an establish- ment of this description has been sot on foot the pooreat part of Ratcliff, and gives accommo- dation to more thua a hundred infants. Will it pot in eome gort have iniechiovous conse- quences ? Ihat ia a question to be answered. . Mary Carpeuter oders a brilliant instence of feminine and well-considered benevolence. Be- ginning with the establishment of s reformatory school at Bristol, foriv years ago, she may bo £aid to bave consecrated her lifo to the work of social- melioration. Her labora are, perhapa, best known in connection with female edu- cauon in. India, She Las visited that dis- taot part of the Empiro three..or four times, and stimulated measures for insiruct- narcste ail the ing native women, 88 a means for raising the mental culture of the whole population. Deeply imbedded prejudices wero to be over- come, but her tasi, though difliculs, has to a cortain extent been successful. Reformatory and indussrial schools for boys and gifls, a work- ingman's club, reading-rooms, aro numbered in Miss Carpenter’s miscellancous undertakings. 1t would need a book to describe her pilgrimages, ber lubors, aud all tho practical good she has aimed at. Lngland Las reasou to be proud of Mary Carpeoter. How to recinim the intemperato in the dens of Westminster, wag the self-imposed mission of Adeline Cooper. ller scbemes to wean men from drink, her trouble in getting up o temper- ance club, her lsbors amopg & hum- ble oclass of costermongers, her insti- tution of & penny-bank, her eoxertions in establishing a model lodging-housa, all testify to her plifantbropy. Miss Cooper is now Mrs. Harrison, aud deserves thanks for her many and useful exertions. 3 The list of wowmen actively employed on phil- anthropic schemes might be indefinitely extend- od. Wecan only glance at the labors of Aiss Sarah Robinson, who has done immenso good umong the wives and families of soldiers—of Miss Weston, who bas been oqually energetic as regards sailors on their arrival from abroad, and croating pmong them bLabits of temperance—of Alrs. Wightmun, whose sphere of usefulness in the way_of reclamation Las been at Shrews- bury and its neighborhood—of Mrs. 3Mere- dith, whose efforts have been exeried on femalo ticket-of-lenyo convicts, and sup- plying them with honest occupation—of Miss Mary Whately (daughter of the late Archbishop Whately), who baviug gone to Cairo for the beuefit of ber health, there occupied Lersclf in instructing and Christisuizing poor Mohamme- den children—of Miriam Harris, a Jewish lady, who Las endenvored to improve the poor chil- dren of the Hebrew community—of Miss Oe- tavis Hill, who had addressed hersolf to the work of reforming the dwellings of the poor— and of a henevolent ** quiet-looking little Scotch- wotnav,” whose name bLas not _transpired, but who signalizes herself by waiting at au early hour in the morning at the door of the metro- politan_ prisous, in order to speak to femalo prisoners on their liberation, and induce them to withdraw from the evil associates who are in attendance, Brave littlo womun! May Buccess crown thy moritorious eforts | After what wo bave said, need any one insist onthe “Rights of Women?" In the lauguaze of o popular * Hymn,” theso rights aro: “Iho right the wanderer to reclaim, And win tho lost {rom paths of ehame * The right to comfort xud to bless ‘The widow and tho fatherl Are theso thy rights 2—then use them Wb, Tiue Loly inilucuce none cau tell ; 1f these are thine—wby ask for more ? “Thou hast enough to answer for ! Anrerican’ Women’s Educations From the New York Tumes. It cannot have escaped the attention of the thoughtful reader that them is a wide difference between Lnglish and American dizcussion of Sexin Education. In England, as iu America, women's dissatisfaction with their position in tho socizl economy undoubtedly lies at the bot- tom of the wholo disturbance. Dut the En- glish Conservatives do not £0 much dread o new and more trying curriculum for women as they do the intreduction of ‘‘the American system.” Dr. Maudsley, in his debato-provoking paper in tho Forlnightly, doed not level Lis argument at any theory of cducation for women put forward Ly English Reformers. It is tho essay of an American pessimist—Dr. Edward H. Clarke, of Doston—that furnishes tho text for Dr. Maudsloy's gloomy _ sermon, ruthor, than any ~ Enghsh schemo of aducation for women, This is inado appasent in a calmor discussion than either Dr. Alsudsley or Mrs. Elizabeth Garuote Auderson, AL D., ap- pears capable of, printed in the June number of Tlackwood's Maguziac. \ In thus vaper it urged that Engiish gris are not allowed to begin their Iugher gdzcation until the age at which Ameri- can girls Leve completed it. Nobody proposes to effect any change 1 this particulr. = Again, no- Lody proposes to mtroduce into England any #uch identical co-education of the soxes ag that now under consideration in_America. In other words, the discussion is all in the air, and what is to bo done in England is morely to set up tie ssmo goal, and ullow youog men sud youug woman 1o reach it, eacli in their own way, and without the stimulus of deily rivalry. We may add that some of the American advocates of & Digher education of women disproves of o strict- Iy co-educational rivalry of tho sexes. ‘What, then, is the vital diorenco between the English and Amerivan ‘- sysioms,” as upheld by the respective expounders? In Amencs it 18 inxisted that young woxmen shall have tho same chances in the cuiltgiate race that yousg men have; thut soung women who pass tho requisite examtuations rhall have tho eame rights in the colleges that aro now afforded % Foung men. Generally, it is proposed that the education of tho gexes shall bo identical. This thsory is not advanced 1n England. Neat, iv 18 admitted that American girls outstrip their brothers in the carlier part of tho educational race. Therefore, they wouid earlier entor college ; they would be wrestling with some of the hardest prablems of science and philosophy while yet at au immature age. This practice tho Eughsh reformers ex- plicitly condemn. Whilo the whole quextion, as debated by Dr. Muaudsley and Mrs. Elizaboth Gamnett Anderson, il. D., seems prematurely raised in England, ic is a vital question in our own conntry. It ought to be noticed that Dr. Clarke’s objec- tions to bigher forms of education for women do not, Hke Dr. Maudsley’s, lia altogether 1o the domain of physiological diferences of the sexes, The Englieh opponents of a system that shall involve any approach to a co-education of the sexes argie that physiological differences for- bid any auch commuuity of interests. But the Amenican authority to which we haye reforrad brings in objections based upon purely national habits and characteristics, Diet, tor example, is cited as a consulerable drawback. Dr. Glarks complaius that the American girl ives in **a zone of perpetusl pie and doughnut.” She takes ittle exervise ; and, where she is absorbed in ambitious pursuits, she violates the laws of health; debarred from the rough, open-air sporta of her bratfrors, she scoks relaxation, if at all, in punsuits which are not restorative of bodily or wental power, and, in short, she wastes and wastes by innumerable channels nn- known to Amencan young men. Obviously, these orrors, if they do exist, may be corrected. Characteristics chargeablo to a cortain moda of Iife must be gotten rid of by radical changes in that modo of life. It i3 not necessnry here to discuss the abstract question of a higher education for women. Ad- 1witting for the argument’s sake that the alleged physical disabulities are the product of conturies of a false etvle of living, it seems needful that theso impediments should be romoved. Prof. Husley, in his extinguishor of Miss Jex-Blake, seems to havoe touched the root of the whole matter. Ilo says that ‘‘a fair ehare of healihy work, dirccted toward a definite objeot, combined with an equally fair share of healthy play, during the years of adoiescence,” is the rurest cure fur that overstimulation of tlie omotions which just now constitutes the chief element of woman's woakness, If this be true in England, how much 1more must it be in America. - Bat this cure can searcely bo secured 1w a training-school where young micn ‘and \Wwomen ‘me¢t On common ground and under a common disciptine. For tho present, at least, voung women must work out their plans for highier education throngh institutions expressly desigued for them. In America, there I8 thus much of eex in education. Aud in tho light of such a state of facts wo can see how absurd wonld bo tho application of a yonng man to be admiited into an institution like Vassar College, for example. When women —not ‘s fow women—are ready to cater college mentally. Of course, presering. my meals, taking caro of the milk, making beds; dusting, Leeping the homso in order, lookiog after the children, atd seciug to the hirds, plans, and aquarinm, has to be’gone through with daily; then ther is the general superinteadence of the whole place, our wardrobes to ece to, and the fawily mending, which is no small taek, g8 we are obliged to use economy, but I do the samo things, in the samo way, day in and day out, week in and week out, month after month and year after year, until the wheels of my domestic . machiuery roil on just like clock-work, even if I am not' at the helm. Now that I am down hero for a little time for my heslth, thero's nobody at home but the little Irish girl I havo all the time. My husband can't afTord to Lire 3 housekeoper, and, in reality,there's no need of it,—the work 18 doing itsalf. I bave given it such an impetus, you see, and the system was so perfect. I'am glad to hava it given a fair {rial. +Thoy toll me here that system is my hobby. I have o theory in regard toit, to be sare. In my opinion the millennium will como whon a groat end univorsal systom 1 ostablishad, which every one shall follow voluntaril then order wilt ¢omo out of confusion, and everyibing will move a8 if to slow music,—the music of the spheres, you know,—tlat's what it means. Children should be tanght in schools, the firat thing, to be systematic. There will be no sick- nesy, and even death will bo warded off by hav- ing & timo for everything, doiag eversthing in time, and keoping the whole thing in such per- fect working order that it will bo simply an im- possibility for anything to appen ont of tho es- tablished couree. Some public benefactor must, of conrse, work this reform. I bave it all ar- ranged in my own mind, and, 2s soon as I am thoroughly rested, shall set about putting it in practice. Mesnwhile, you can be thinking abont it. You have schooled yourself to thinking cor- ractly, I know by the looks of vour oyes, and porhaps some time, when you have a favorable opportuity, you will divilge my plans to tho public. If T'could only get the right people in- terested in it, it would be a ruccess at once; but I am so confined here, But whenever it is in operation it will be 2 great thing for myrindy of weary women.” = Vo call her Mra. Systematic Stacy.” eaid tho attendant as we went out. *‘8She had uever a caro in her lifo until her marrizgo toa risieg man put her at tho head of his elegant establisli- ment. She naturally was ambiuous to ba o model housckeoper and a good wifo, and as her husband continually impressed upon her mind the neccssity of their practeing all possible cconomy, she fetl into the way of most New Eu- gland women, of retrenching in tho matter of maid-servants’ wages. Her husband was par- ticulur and esacting in Lis maunish thoughtless- ness and disregard of women's peculiar physical weakuesses, requiring ber to supesintend the whole establishunent, out-doors 2ud in, With the niont perfect care and taste during his daily ab- wences ot his oflice in the city ; expectivg ta ind Lis dinuer nicely coolied an.dhaudsomely served, house-wife am{ children in vorfect order for company. of which they enfertained & great deal, and domanding that shio should koep glong with ler reading and hor music.” Doiug all this with the help of one Irish girl, no wonder what ber busy brain, sought so continually for some mothod of lightening her cares and Inbors, thut reason tottered upon its throno aud she becamo absolutely insane! Tsaw her death in. the Republican, ashort time after, and on my next visic to tho asylum learned from the attendant that she bad begged w0 piteonsly to go Lome, whera sho could watch tho working of ** ber eystem” and give it ler personal superintendence, that ier husband, re- gardiess of the physician’s warving that s shock in her weak state might prove fetal, thinkiog to oure her of harping uben a topic of Whioh ho was heartily tired, took her homo without warning nud led her’ abruptly through dining-room, Kitchen. pantry, and dairy. whero an_inexper- ienced Irizh girl had reigned supreme for three months. Poar thing! whe had_ left tho whole house in such perfect order. and overy day_dur- ing the long tweivo weeks had imagined so vividly what was guing on noder bor regime, that when the actual state of aTairs dawned nupon her znd she realized, a3 kbe seemed to do for o moment, that her beloved system was o myth, sha became atoncon raving maniac, and lived onlyla fow houra. P, Women as Photographerss From the New York Tribune, Photography is an art requiring deft skill, del- icate manipulation, and an artistic eye ; these qualtfications render ita professiod peculiarly fitted for women to follow, and accordingly thora are fonnd great nnmbers throughout the coun- try occupying positions as “ posers,” ¢ rotonch- ers,” ¢ colorists," ctc., while in most photograph galleriea ladies are employed in tho reception- room, Up to 1870, however, there oxisted no organ- ized place of instruction where women could thoroughly learn this art in ailits branches ; and those whose attention was directed to it asa meaus of gaining a livelihood were obliged to en- “tor galleries ana there bo taght posing, retouche ing, coloring, and mounting,—the cbief branches for which they are employed. Ia the fall of 1871, this desideratum was established by the Trus- tees of Cooper Institate, who, recognizing the eminent fitness of women for an art so closely akin to drawing inits resulis, and which re- quires about the samo qualifications, decided to 214 a Photographic Dopartment to their school. This department, when organized, was placed under the chargo of Prof. Carl Hecker, who, as- sisted by a lady teachor, still superintends its working. 1t is divided into three distinct classes. In tho first of these, the chemical or operating class aro taught the uso and preparation of ail chemicals employed in_photography, and the branches of posing, printing, toning, and moant- ing. Inthesccond division, the retouching of negatives and positives is taught ; and in the third, the culoring of photographs. Photo- crayon may also by learned in tho Institate by any who desire to do Ho. Women have not hithcréo been engaged to fill positions io gallarics as operators or printers, photographers considoring the opsrating-room “no_place for 8 woman.” Ono gave it as bis opinion that no women could stand ijts heat end tho fumes of the chemicals, *She would wilt in no time,” Lo obsarved. The women are likely to concede this point, sinco few of them, young or old, strong- minded or weak-minded, ere willing to Lave their hands_continually stalned with pitrate of silver, a stain which can only be removed by tho use of eyanide of potassium, a highly poisonons chemical, dangerous to tho lifs_and exeeedingly injnrious to tho general health of operators. Indeed, Lea and otuer photographers have earn- estly striven to effect its removal from tho list of photograpbic chemicals, but without suceeas, as no other substance has been discovered that can fully supply the important place it occupies, especially in regard to ferrotypes. Notwith- etanding its dangerons propertiés, the cyanide is likely to remain & pnotognq‘mc fixture; owing to1ts peculiar reaction with nitrato of silver, operators are compelled to ueo it as o cleansing agent, or their hands would scon rival those of our sablo brethren. Putting asided the health question, women swould 5oon find the item of dress an expensivo one in the operaling room, 28 the young ladics of Cooper Institato learued by dire experienco. A man will button himself up in a wrapper, and caro very littlo about his outward appearance; but no lady weuld like to go round in dresses or wrappers which look as if they had received the contents of half a dozea bottles of various col~ ored inks. Hence it scems very unlikely that women will ever care to compete with men in this branch of the business. ~As, howover, a mistress who thoroughly nnderstunds kitchen cconomy is far moro hkcfvy to bo well served by her domestics than one to whom tho low- at the ago of 18 or 20, after nndergoing o tram- ing that has given them a sonund miud in a sound body, it will be timo to discusa the next ques- tion—if they ask it. ¢ Systematic Stacy P==-A Sad for Notablo Mrs, Story, with a Moral Elousekecpers. " From the Sprirgficld (Uass.) Revublican, She came to me, a3 I stood i one of the long halls in tho insane asylnm, where I had been sdmitted to sco an unfortunate friend,—a delicate, fragile little creatars, who intercsted me at onco by her lady-liko manners and the sweet, gentle voics 1n which she asked, softly, but somowbat abruptly, ** Are you systematic 2 In reply to my anawer that it wonld hardly be poesible for her to find a person who was less 80, 8ho 8aid, sadly, *I fearad as mnch ; it is vary singular Low fow people I find who can appre- ciate the beauty of perfect method. Now it is copstitutional for me to be syetematic, and therefore it is expadient for me to perform my horsehold duties by a system. If I attempt to disregard the stated rules and reasons which I have lain down for myself, the house- hold machinery becomes disarranged, zud confusion in the consequence, Now I wash Monday, iron Tueeday, cburn Wedneaday, sweep Thursday, serub Fri- day, and bake Satardsy. - Dy doiag in this wy, I manago to perform my inevitable household duties with comparativa "esss, phyaically and er rcgion =nd pertaining to it is an unknown mystery,—who is lefs in s stato of complcto helplessners when its inhabitants depart,—so it is vory neccssary for Iadles intending to_start pallorios of their own, to be well acquainted with the practical working of the operatiug room, and thusd guard aqainss weate, bo =bloto trace any mishaps that nay arise from careless opérating to their prop- or source, and in any sudden_emergeucies tako chargo of it themselves. In tho braach of printing aod toning—for tkey may be considered 23 one—the hinderances in the way of women’s employment are much lessened, thongh not en- ti(e!{ obviated ; it i8 pleasant, clean work, but printera are obliged to be constantly on their feet, and es this aloue would heavily tax a woman's etrength and endurance, young men generslly occapy this position in galleries. Posing presents a more inviting aspect, rs- quiring, as it does, a quick eye, good taste, and & senes of what is graceful and becoming, for posers must be abla to place sitters in attitudes in which they will show to the beat advantage, and sco that all the accessories of tho picture aro in perfect harmony with the subject. The ability to do this is 1n many instances intuitively posecased by women, and the tims may coms when thig branch will pass eutirely info their hands. At preseat the proprietors of most gal- leries take charge of it tLemselves, and many have achieved enviable reputations by pectliar succees in this respect. The ezlary of a toler- eble poser is about 215 per week, firit-class ones receiving as high as §30. The mounting of prints is an_operation quickly learned .a§ Te- quiring but little skill, consequently the remu- meration is mot large. Girls of 15 and 18 are fraquontly employed in : i 5 gelleries for thip gy, The art of retouching calls i Knowledgo of l1sht and shade, | &npo? 2its ing this oan, with pracios, learn it Jn 4 GO ES tivoly short time. L5 is one of thy: coBPi- branches of photosraphy, good negyis” toucliers easily obtaining sileries of Sl 7C, T* thoso doing it, howescr, are obiipeg ek thoir ores fixed intently on the ok pllt3 them, and 8 good engraver made the gt; i i that retonching was worss than hig oo cRelE sighit; but opinions differ on tha syeci o0 8 thero aro many who have not found 1 o " jurious to their eyes; doubtless Persona} perience would be tho best guide if s s tF tor. _Coloring -als0 pasa excoedingly o 2t this branch is, 18 it 8honld be, almaat enge Iy i the baods of the wex for whose gretrars e the great, manufaciarers of dress Footy out suc! ewildoring narterly a; E: sna‘}“flud%‘qnimg Unta, 3 IR f delieay tho chemical ciass tho fol ceeded n paiiog prizes: i pog, 10 Brooklyn: Miss Clara Stodpeg, & + Miss Ewmeline M. Kirklapg- 1% Ivn; Miss Auns MeBrige, Philadelphia; g Annia 1. Slarkey, Now York; ite Ty ot Pride, New York; Mrs, Bl . York. Y lakesly Wellscs, Nog All these certifiontos ware of the Prof. Hecker relusing to give nzwnzfl: ende, class onea in the plotographio departmees leging a3 his reason that 1o socond pe aclh t workers wero wanted 1n that profession, | gead ty-threa ladies wern admitted in this g e the 502500 Of 157374, but soven did nop e n25 it, and ono diod. Ouly ono rotonches . Emma Clow, was awarded a certifesta ' 203 was owing, in a measure, to tho fack oy (o0 who were suzht this branch no sooney Joeoss something about it than thoy lafe. e el to,soui: for situations. be class recoived great credit nce 1 Which Hhoir. WOr wraa perl‘fuur:::g! i photographic department of ‘Caoper Institary bida fair to bocome ono of tho largest in th o Schiool, as may be judged from the facs thas out of the 201 pupils admitied therein during ths past term goventy-one entered this depariment, whilo eight ate alreads regirtered an the Bty for noxc full, at which timo,donbiloss, many e, er:\;vxl& also m;ke appé:c]mm % 3 showinz how widely kaown an: garded is this school, 1t may be mangun"e:lumr; a phiotographer in Colorado wrote last spring ty the Becrotary, stating thut ho would fike to en. gage n membor of the. ehemical class to coma out there, and to 3 good worker would pay the salary of 315 a weck. Owing to the great dis. tence and hosvy traveling expenscd, haweyar, his offer was 1ok accepted. i cellancous Items, Generally Speaking—Women. —Mrs. Bedell, ot Einore, advortises that hers after hor husband must ** cut his own feed oz starve.” She won't pay his debts. —A crew from Vassar is suggested for thenex regatta. How all tho bouts would hug Vassar; . —Somebody advartises a prepsration for keep- ing a lady's band freo from chaps. A report that Lo has no mouoy would do the same thipg, . —A Kansas gir] wouidu’t be married without & yollow nbbon around her waist, aud a boy rods 8 milea t0 get it while tho guests waited. —The strongest proponsivy in woman'a natarg, gays & cynical writer, i3 o desire to know what iy going on ; and the noxt to manage the job. —A Drooklyn girl has just rejected a suitor becausa his arm wusn't long enongl to go roand her. Shesaysif she's goiug to haye s loyerat all sho meaus to have a good fit. —Why do women talk lass iu February thanin ony other month ? DBecause it is the shortesi montl in the year. —Don't be stubborn unless you are sure can afford it. Rigit in the midst of the panic, an Iowaman chose to b porversely obstie nate.” 1lia dauglhier wanted a $90 silk dross, and e wouldn't gt it, and he lost 260 by tha opers- tion. Sho took cold poison, and the faneral ex- penses were $150. —A woman's modesty is like her color—ex- ceedingly becoming if it s not put on, —Amoug the graduates st the State Normal School in Sslem, Massachasetts, the other day, was ono young lady, standing st the head of tho ciass, who bLas carned money to pay ber ex- penses during the fwo years by running a sew- ing-macbine. —'*Areyou s burglar, sir? If so, do not come in, 2s L am all alone,” £aid & Somem AMausachusetts, servant-gicl, when & man tho other day. —A Portland man had s suit of clothes thirly six yoars old worn at each of his four weddings, And it is not yet worn out. —A marriago took place in this city yesierday, which, on aceount of certain eircumstances “ the case,” should not_go nonoticed. Tho bridee froom, we understaud, is 26, the bride about 50. "The present happy msn is Ler fifth husband, No. 4 was buried betwween one and two monthsago; Cumberland (Md.) News. —Flirlation i3 described a8 atlention withond e in Malenturg County, K., 47 —A man in Mublen ‘oun ., 47 years o3, 3 Tiving with his sisth mie o tared tiwo wives and ono child in six wesks. —Simple, without being smckishly sentimental, was the form of a marriage service in & town _in Towa the other day. Tais was tha way of itz % Join your right hauds. Do you want ons another ? * (Thoy both unswer, * Yes.") * Well, then, hate one unother. - You'ro man and wife.” —Smart Woman—* Dootor, what do yon think of women for doctors?” Doctor—'Taey sre jnvaluable, madam, to our profession. We de- Tive two-thirds of oar income from them.” —# Young in years but sn old eloper.” is 8 portion of the "dezcription of & runaway wifa which was loft at au Indianapolis station-house, —* Haven't I & right to be saacy, if I please? asked o young lady of an old. bachelor, * Yes, if you pleaso, but not if you digplease,” was the sudwer. —Cluldran 25 mado to walk in the right psth in Detrott. Fourwcea women attended a dog- g,’{hfi in that city, she other day, with their bae les. ; —A Kectucky man, while drunk, ordorod his wife to take a hammer aad a nail and knock hiz teoth out. With that meokness ‘of spirit and obedience which characterizes Ler ser, thab loving wife obsyed tho orders of har lord. When he got gobor his swearing didn's county btccmlma Lo mumbled so it could not be unders stood. —A writer on women eays, * It were better for women if 1070 wers logs to har;" zud then be weut kowe and lus wife kept him awake half ths night jawing. ¥ —A Delaware girl puts on great airs becausd she has beeu the canse of five suicides among the young men in ber neighborhiood. 7 Aftor years of study, an Ohio man basdis covered how to make his womonkind useful. Ha recently hitchod his wife and stopdaughter i ?hsxmmx.pmw and plow 335 acres of corn with e, —The young ladies of Boorte, In., ars chargsd with meandering through the stroets plsyfully Kicking over dry-goods boxes and punching 038 anotber’s hata off with their parasols. " —In order to keep a bired girl in Colorado it i nocessary to provido a horse and baggy for ber to attend grange mestings with, and a piaoo for recreation. < —The aathorities of tho Working Women's College in London, bave determined to openthsé institution in October next for the joins educk tion of men and women, —usa Harriot Upton Lias baqueathed $1,0010 the City of Salem, Mass,, tho interost to ba'de voted to the poor every Thanksgiving Day. —Jones eays that why he isn's marri because that when ke wooed sho wonlda't. —Satin and silis jewelry (?) i3 the very latest It is of Palais Royal origin, of course, and o remarkably protty. The earrings arc in the cage, star, and double-bar shape, and the brke, leta wide bands gaadily ornamented. - —The Washington (hronicie 13 responsible fot the statement that a young widow on K street who hes $10,000 in ber own right, refused offers of marriagoe from discharjied clerks @ one day and two nights, _ —Devout mother to young lady, who fs bartt ing up lotters: ** What aro you doiug thers, o1 dear? Areyou burning incense?” Youwsg lady—* OL, no, ma; I am only burning nonsense. —A far-sighted fellow ot Lrinol, _Enalgfi wrote to his flanceo: *'I wish, my darling, you would not write me such long lei % 1f you were to bring an_action for, bresch promise against me, tho lawyers would copy correspondence between us and charge W; pence for every folio of seventy-two words. 'l;‘ fiwrtrzr the lefters, tho moro wo eave from wyers.” —A woman in Louisville, Toon., recedtlf noezed o folso tooth out, while fecdiog b chickens, and one of them picked it up, Whtre* upon the woman caught the chicken, ‘““’pfi the crop, and, having taien ont tho tooth, sa% it up agaio. Tho chicken lives to crow over adventure. . 74 bablf —The latest novelty in car-rings i-lFmi % the singular pair which wero sported by 5 ing Parizan bells ata recent wedding. lm‘ ezch ear hung a emall gold gridiron, on W ] w2s Inid a heart formed of garnets, the ides be convoyed, 8358 & gushing correspondent, inyg that of a bleeding heart upon the fiesy of love! T —A young lady stopping in Brattloboro, Yo for = few dsys sent a friend of bers to y!gl{: to get & pair of shoes. Bhe fold her frieBéc) get number fives, but her friend being anxiou$ secure & good fit for her, ordered the swreke@;: to change the mark ona pair of sevens. did 80, and the lady saild they fitted better any abo had had in & long time: {