Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 31, 1874, Page 4

e THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: TRIDAY, JU TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE, RATES OF SUDSCIRIPTION (PAYAILE DN ADVANGE). (1) | Bunday, . S13:00] Vel :30 ayearat tho samerato, Part To provent delay and mistakes, be sure and give Post Off co address In full, incInding State aud County. Remfttancos may b mado ofther by dratt, oxpress, Post Ofice oudor, or in regiatered loltors. At ourrisk, TENMA TO CITX AURSORINKIA, Taily, dellvored, Bunday oxceplod % conte per weck. Daily, aelivored, Sunday tncluded, 80 conts por wacks Addioss THR TRIBUNE COMPANY, Carner Medlson and Dearborn-sea,, Ubloago, Il TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. AUADRMY OF MUSICs-§Inlsted streot, betwoan Mad- eon and Monroo. Rugagement of John Dilton, **Momo 30 tho West" and ** Markoed." HOOLRY'S THKATRE-Randolnh stroet, betwsen Clark and Lasialo. 'rhio Groat Adeipl Uompany. Mine atrelsy, Faroo, aud Varioty, ! KXPOSITION BUILDING—Lakeshore, foot of Adams stroot. ** Parls by Moonlignt." Atternoon and evening. m——— SQCIETY MEETINGS, O, NO, 83, A, T\ & A, M., Hall 1 Ll coutiunleation this ¥ridsy ovone lflfi [1%] n‘dfl,el&\ l(‘)‘flx?ll”g. 1 By ordar of thoAAON: g N, TUOKER, Sacratary, tcEs. GORNER OT OLART AND DR MepHRaE st and skt fal: wat Bandolpate, warmble tho tv0n o mbaoy Fofunded, end for pasticaifrs, TOS- 2 \Walimt.: Now York, LK Emnufi & CO,, Bankol The Chicage Teibumne, Friday Morning, July 31, 1874. Rochofort {s sending his lottres-missivo broad- oast ovar Franco, and yet thoro are no sigus of an {nternal convulsion. And when it comes it i yery likely to bo simplo nausea, Bead the nllogod interview of a reporter with Alr, Beocher, and detormino which predominatos init: the rhotoric of o callow collogian, or tho religlous fervor of a nowspaper Bohomian fu the fifth-story back. * e Original nonsonse is becoming comspiouous in the newspaper reports in connection with the moandnl, Take this as an osxsmplo: * Last evoning 3ir. Boochor walked among tho trees on Columbia Heights with bis hands behind him, snd hig whitd slouch hat ovor Lis forohead." If tho baso-ball players who are now in En- gland shall succoed in convinclng any respectablo part of tho publiothore that cricketis a sinfuliy stuptd gamo, they will not have been bled and ‘braised in vain; otherwiso, the usofulness of tholr professional careers will bs a matter of controveray. Oliver Johneon-is not coming out of the scan- dnl without o solled racord. Itnow appeurs that lie knew tho gravity of tho offonso which Mr. Tilton charged ogainst Mr, Bescher, and, know- ingit, ho wrote the abusivo letter to Tilton which {s published in the first atatoment. Oliver Johnson is the managing oditor of the Ohristian Union, The Hon, Eugene Hale snys in praigso of the Republican party that it ropoaled the Balary- Grab law and the law which sot on foot the San- ‘born contracts. Ho omits to mention that the party's only claim to popular faver is tho con- donation of raecality for which it furnished an opportunity and pretext. Qhe oxposure of theso francki was in tho fret instanco made by the Op- position, A plot for a novelist is furnished this moming In dlspatch from Madlson, Wia., wWhiok recites tho history of & man who was tho involuntary witnoss of & murder, and plonded guilty to it in order to ave & woman. He was sentonced to prison for life, ond bas already sorved seven yours. Gov. Taylor has now pardonod him, the facta being clearly established, and a petition for i releaso boing slgned bythe Judge and jury ‘who couvitced him. . Actlon is befug taken by tho heads of Depart- ments in Washivgton on the resolutions which Gen. Butler bad peesod in the Inst session of Congress providing that not more than one member of a family sball be employed in the Govornment offices. The intontion is to carry this resolution into operation aa soon a8 possi- klo. Nobody can hope to oxplein in what mone nor it will advance the oflictoncy of.the Adminis- tration; but It Las its merits in the eyos of spoilamen and patrons like Butler, — Ar. Earll availed himself of the section in the now code which allows an indicted man to testify on his own bebalf. Ho made two intoresting potnts that will be romembered against him in tho future, Ono was that he biad twice before been arrestod on s charge of proouring abortion, and tho other that helas been practicing in Chi- cago fifteen years without.a diploma from a and frrogulsr, oloslng woak, at 8107 ensh, ahd $1,04}¢ soller Augnst. Coru was lons active and vory wonl, olosing 4@00 lower, at 00@070 onsh, and 600 sollor August, Onta woro mctivo and a shado firmor, closing ab 52@53340 for old, aud 864¢o sullor August, Ryo was dull and weak at 80c. Darloy was in falr domand, but closed wenk ot $1.07 cnsh or sollor Soptembor. Hogs wore aotlve at $6.50@7.00 for common tochiofeo, Extromo range, $6,00@7.25, Caltle wero aetivo ond flrmor. Sheep waro in Jight demand and | unchanged. If the numbor of witnossos in the Docchor- Tilton caso conlinnes to' multiply, and Mr, Beecher continues to postpone his -statomont 4411 thoy sre all hoard, tho teial will apparontly’ stratch out to’tho orack of doom. Evory day or two somobody pops Wp in some part of thocoun- try whio bas been in tho socrot all tho timo, and who has derived bis information from originml sources, We reckon that a diligent mearoh on 1ho part of tho Committeo would discloso two or threo such In Chicago. It fs doubbful if:tho Dlankot in the hauds of the Committes can bo stratcliod to cover 8o, much territor Now the excitemontis sbout tho postal-cars, and the ruluul. of tho overnmout to pay the rafliond companios falrly for their sorvices. Ono Eastorn company, the Wilmington, bas notitled the Governmont that no cars will bo allowad to Paes ovor its tragk aftor to-dny. But the Goy- eromont docs not scare essily. If the Company putd ita threat into exceution, the road will probably bo soizod and managed by the Post Offico Dopartment. Such Is tho goneral opinion 1 Washington, That this proceeding would bo an outragoeous inlringemont of right is too plain for argumont, ‘Tho considerationa which mignt hiavo justitied such o course last yoor, when the same quosation aroso, no longer oxist, 'Chen tho domand was sprung upon tho Government sud- donly and poremptorily. Bince that time Qon- gress has had an opportunity to rondjust the compensation of the companies, and ltas failod 10 do so, E An involuntary admlgsion of the tromendous inflnence exerted by the Opposition press is made by tho Washington Republican, which says: “That tne District Tuvestigating Commit~ too did not have tho manliness and courago to oxpross its honeat judgment [as to Bhopherd's innocence] and dety the clamorand denuncistion of tho Opposition pross, is one of tho grontost outrages that has boon perpetrated by a Con- gressional Committea: in a great many yoars." Wa did clamor somo abont Shepherd and tho District Riog ; and thesaddost pact of it allis that overy momber of the United Btates Scnato but six joined in tho mofse, Tho dilomma of the Washington nowspapers i that thoy must cone vict the Senalo of cowardico in ordor to make out Stepherd’s innocenco, and to applaud the Sonato thoy mustdsmn Bhopherd. On which side is tho brond buttored thickest? Presldent Grant goes out in two yoars moro, while many of tho Seoators who voted against Shophbord will be dispensing patronage undor tho now Ad- ministration. 3 ‘WORK FOR THE GRAND JURY. ‘Thero iy & pecial Grand Jury now in eession, convened to indict incondiaries, Wo suggest to tho Btato's Attorney, or, if ho be too busy, to tho membera of the Grand Jury, that they in- vestigato now, whilo tho alfair is hot, and bafora any of tho partios aro called out of town on * businoss,” tho alleged purchase of tho votos of Aldermen and County Commissioners to oloct Egan and Karls architects for tho new Court- Houso. It is the curront topic of the strects that the election of those nrchitects was purchased, the money being paid in advance, and it was due to this cash on dolivery that the Common Council postponed all other mattors, and, whilo Lalf o dozen fires wero raging, devoted an entire meot- ing to the election of Karls aud Egan, Tho story runs that in this case the bribory wae accomplished in tho fashion which prevailed under tho government of **McCauloy’s nino- teon”” A cortain sum, stated in this cnse va-~ rioualy ot $10,000, 816,000, and $26,000, was to bo deposited with o stakeholder, to bo baold by him until Egan and Karls wore elected, and then to bo paid by ihe stakeholder to the por- sons ontitled to the same. In tho colobrated cago whero Ald. Montgomery camo to griof, 92,500 was put up; tho editor of a newspapor in the ring pocketed $600, and the remalning £1,900 was paid out to tho Aldermen on tho Jist. *The truthof that story is & matter of jualclalroec- ord. Inthiscaso the purchaso-money was much Jarger,—tho salo being of two offices supposed to bo worth auywhero from $120,000 to 200,000, Tho oleotion of Filley last night has not yot beon commontod on. Of cours, if tho Grand Jury lavo any dosiro to push thia investi- gation, thoy can find out how much was domanded of tho various architects who wero willing to accept tho offico. It is thoir duty to discover who was the stakeholder, who school of medielne. Clenrly then he is not o dootor, X1 the truth was Jmown ko Is no better than thoress of us. The verdict in the casa will «comento court to-day. i T — A good suggestion hns been made to the Arkansas Constitutional Convention by tho in- troduction of an ordinance for the abolition of » numbor of offices. Though tho faithtul party- men would suffor by a diminution in the num- ber of pluces, the Btato at large wonld gain, The only objection to the proposition ia that it secma 10 be born of malavolence and yalitical feoling. The ofticos which it Is desighod to vecate are filled with mon who wero prominont in the re- cont imbroglio on the Brooks sido. Thus tho" Pulagki Chancery Court, tho Phitlipa Criminal Court, and the four Assaciate Justices of tho Bu. premo Court aroswept out of oxistenco forno ather Teason, apparontly, than beeause they joined in tho judiolal proccedings which gave colaor to DBrooks’ title. Tho Btate will not probably suf- fer by & now disponeation. Tho will of the ‘people acting throngh tho Conventlon {5 sovors paid him, or put up tho monoy, and, finding bim, to discover to whom ho paid or is to pay the monoy thus put into his hands, We do not think the time of the Grand Jury could bo more profitably employed than in probing this corruption to tho bottom. It is the very sorson for an investigation. One-third of the members of the Board of County Commissionors and ono- Lialf the members of the Board of Aldermen aro’ to bo electod this fall. All tho present incum- lionts are candidates for ro-clection, and tho publio have a right to domand that this alleged Iirlbery be investigated, and the guilty mon Lirauded as such bofore tho clection. This wholo thing of robwlding the Court- 1Touso is & monstrous job, It ia the protext for ey raid by the contractors on tho City Troasury. At this vory momont tho floating debt of theclty 1p not ess than £8,000,000, reprosonted by cor- tificates of indobtedness, and those ave offorod for fialo at overy bank in the city, While this etato of things is duo to tho ing- Lility of the people to pay thelr taxos elgn, and thera can Lio na logel objcotion to the changos which 1t may authorize; but it could have boen wished that the Convantion would en- doavor to Intraduce & now era In Arkansas, Tathor than to offeot & desirable varintion of the old, Thoe Obleago produce markets were frregulsr yeaterdsy, and generully very nervous. Moss pork waaquiet and 200 por brl higher, closing at $23.25 | caeli, and $23.55 soller September, Lard ‘was modoratoly active, and 250 per 100 1bs higher, cloaing at $12.00@12.03%¢ cash, and 12.873@ 10,00 eoller Beptomber, Mota wore quict and stronger, closlng at 730 for shawldors, 1034@ 10)o for short xiba, 10X @108¢0 for short clear, sod 13/¢@180 for eweet-picklod homs, JFigh- wines woro modorately sotive and 10higher, at 080 por gallon. Lake freights wero more notive and waak, at 230 for corn to Buffalo, Flour waa gl and steady, Whest was In beitor demand until tho.lsst mowent, while tha oty - has its notoy for borrowed money waiting fundd to pay with, the majority In the two olty govorn. aonts aro frantieally ouger to commit the eity to an exponditure which will not closo with less than five milllavs of dollars, Tho first stop in the job wns to oloct threo architocts who aro to diroot this exponditure and certify to the bills of the contractors, and recoivo* 8 per cent 'on tho total exponditure, Those ofifcos were worth money,—tho biggest things of the kind offered for, some time ; and if tho curront utorloa botrue the Aldormen nud the Commissioners demanded and received the prico of their votos, The clir- _oumstunces of (ho cano sharply point towards corrupsion, Tho suxioty to got at the worlk, the indocunt postponoment of all ather busluess, tho zoal displuyed inthe oloction of tho samo mon Iy botts Boards, and tho post biutory of tho Com- mon Council in hke trausactions, justify the Grand Jury (o summoning witnessos forthwitly The namo of ono of these witnessos may bo found in our eity columns, THE 0ITY-HALL FRAUD, Tho Board of County Commissloners havo olected ona of two architeots to superintond tho bullding of the Court-Houso, and fixad the com- poneation at 8 per cont on tho smount ox- pondod, The Common Council have clocted throo srchitects to suporintond the building of tho Qity-Hall, nnd ndopted the ropott of tho Qonfor- enco Commlttoo flxing tho compenention at 4 per cont. A third arobiteot (Tilloy) was olocted by the Common Council Iaat night on the ground that tho eloation of threo would not bo moro filogal than tho elootion of ona, Tho Council is alroady persuaded shat it wilt not bo ablo to carry out tho job. Though the oplnion of City Attornoy Jamicson was not dellvered Inat night, it s boon prepared, and it is undorstood to ‘sustain Tur Tamune's position, and to put s quiotus to tho Egan-Tilloy-Karls schemo for all timo. . Wo havo alrendy- pointed ont thagihe City Chartor hos lodgod all suthority to superintond tho construction of public buildings in the Board of Publio Works, who alono can eatimate therefor, and contract for all matorials and work ; that thero {8 no power to empioy architocts, oxcopt as porsons bired by the Board of Public Works, Jusk as tho englnoors, and survoyors, nnd othor city officora are omployed by timt Board. In that way, and in that way alone, can they be em- ployed on the building ; But oven then thoy can- nos {n any wiso oxorsiso tho authority placed by lnw oxclusively 1 the hands of tho Doard of Publio Works, twho alonecan cortify tothe correct. ness of the conlractors' bills. Nor can the Common Council, nor tho Board of County Commissionors, voto to these archi- tects n compensation contingont npon tho amount oxpended, Tnese mon aro elected by tho County Board s architects to superintend | the orection of the Court-Houso, and thoy thorofors becomo county officora during their torm of omployment, In like manner, when olectod by the Common Council, by ordinanco or otherwiso, they bocomo ity officers. Tha City Chattor, Chap, 2, Seo, 1, Poge 385, says: ‘Tho Munfelpal Govornment of tho city shall consist of n Common Council, composed of the Mayor and two Aldermen from onob ward. Tho ofler ofilcors of thio Corporation shall be as follows: A Olork, Comp- trollor, a Board of Publie Worls, a City Englneer, Toard of Polico [ero follows n long }at], and oa many i ldgo-tenders, firemen, constables, policemon, sealers of woights and measures, fnspectors, moasurors, ‘welgers, gaugers, keepors and assistants of work- liouses, hospitals, and Bridowall, or flouso of Correo- tlon, bellnon, and such other oficers and agents as may Vo pravided Jfor by this act, or - the Common Council nuty from time fo time direct, It will bo seen, thorofore, that tho Common Council may by ordingnco authorize the em- ploymont of ihroo or moro avchiteots, but can~ not givo to thom any power or authority con- forred by il charter on the Bonrd of Publie Works. Thoy can oxorcise no power of supor- intendenoy of public buildings, nor make any contracts for tho city, nor sigg any estimatos upon which money can b drawn from the City Tronsuror. 1o all that portaina to the orection of o public building thoy must bo subdrdinate to sud under tho control of the Board of Public Works. Novertholass, by the charter, thoy bo- como *oficers of tho city.” . The Common Councll 18 prohibited by law from making any compeusation to any oflicor, savo by o etated eslary; it cannot payhim by feos and corumissions. Tho law is imperative. Chinp. 8, Soc. 80, Pago 899, ronda: The salaries of nll clty officors who receive a fixed compensation for thelr services, and whoee salarles are not deflnitely prescribed by the Olty Charter, Including all oficere and employes in the Polico and Fire Dopart- menta of oaid city, shall be established by the Commaon Conncil in the aunual Appropriation bill, or by some ordinatico passed prior o tho pasango of Auch annual Appropristion bill, and the enlarfes or compensation {hus cstublishod sbiall nelther bo inerearcd nor dimin- ishicd by tho 8ad Common Counchl after tho passago of such anoual Appropriation bill during the then current municipal year, and no extra compensation sliull pvor bo allowod Lo any such oflicer ot atnployo fu any depariment of the Cily Government over and above that provided $n manncraforesaid, Horo, thon, is & doublo obstacle. All officers shall have o fixed salary, aud that salary ehall ba preseribed {in the annual appropriation ordi- nance. Now these architects may bo authorized Ly law a8 subordinates of the Board of Public Works, but thelr componsation must bo by o fixed salary, and not by fecs or commisalons. In rospect to the county oficors, the stipala~ tion ia no loas important, Thoy must bo paid by fixed selaries apd not by commissions or feos. ‘Thete may not be auy limit m this case 2a to the amount of ealary, but whatever it is it must bo o fixed sum por sunum, aud in no case by feos or commissions. The law of 1872 carrying into offoct the provision of the Coustitution in this respect compola all officers who recoive *com- miseions” on disbursoments, &nd Bhorifts who aro ontitled to * commussions” on sales, to pay all gaid “ commiasions” into the County Treas ury, and probibits thom from rotaining a dollar theroof. Thay can anly receivo the suldry fixed by the Board of County Commissionors. It iy proposed to make theso archilects offi- cors of the county and also officors of thoe city; and to pay thom out of each Treasury o commis-~ slon which will not boe less than £100,000, and moy roach and oxcoed $200,000. The Constitu- tion and the not of the Logislature of 1872, and tho City Charter aliko, prohibltany compensation af olther city or county ofiicors in thut mauner, and imporatively roquire that thoy shell be paid by o ealary fixed by law. There ie no use whip- ping tho devil around the stump in this mattor, Tho contomplated robbory is illogal ln evory form, ‘Tho law is tooplain to bo ovaded, and, 1o mattor how high o prico way have been paid for votos, tho appointmont of (hose architects on the part of the city, excopt nu subordluates to the Board of Tublle Works, {s ilegal ; and when ap- pointed as underlings of the Doard of Public ‘Works, thoy cau ouly recoive such avnusl salary as tho Common Council sball vole and the Mayor shall approvo. The proposition in the Doard of County Commisstoners to give them £10,000 wae indignantly rojeoted. Forhape ay they caunot got the commissions they will now ba glad to accopt that sum, CORNERS, The last Leglsleture of Illinois passed a law to prevent * cornors™ in the grain and provision markets, which law went into effect on the 1st duy of July, Bo effcctunl has this law provon thut wo now have no less then three * cornors™ on the Bonrd of Trade, all at tho same timo—a wholly unprecodeuted oooursence, 'Ihore isa corner in ont#, ono {n corn, and auothor in poris, whilo somo think thut there are cornors in wheat aud lard oleo, Corn sold yesterday, at tho close of businees, at 06 cents for jmmediate dolivery, whilo for delivery to-morrow (8ntur~ day) itsold at only 60 conts. Oats sold at 53 centy Jor lwmodinto dolivory, nnd &t 303¢ conts for Baturday or aftor. Porlkis selling at £23,26@ 28,50 in this market, whilo it 18 quoted at only 832,12)¢ in New York, Wheat s at $1,00@1.10 for fmmedlate delivery, and at 81.06 for delivery on Buturday or Iaters ‘The alleged oormer in LY 31, 1874, lard in probnbly a mlistakoarising from tho faoct tlat tho prico in this market is & fraction higher than in Now York, The officloncy of laws to provent ccrners is sotiously callod in quostion by this spectaclo: ‘Tho only olhor commont that sooms to b called for is that, whilo -the fight botween bulls and boars lants, the farmor gota that much mors for his grain, provided ho ean got it into Ohicago be- foro tho cornor brouks, Which of tho two fao- tone on 'Change tosos money 14 of no moro con- soquenco lo soclaty ab Jargo than tho transfor of gamblors’ chips on a groen cloth, HBOME TRIOKS OF THE TRADE, In order that the Ropublican party may con- tinuo to “aave the country,” tho first requisite fa that Ropublican politicians shall receive, sort, Aud count the votes ; the sccond, that dis. trit apportionments bo mado to facllitate tho oloction of Ropublicans to Congress and Legis- Intures; thio third, that, inallcontested elections, tho seat be given to tho Republican, Theso threo aro ntandards of Ropublican falth and practico. Thoy have, indeod, bocome hallowed by long uso, and not a fow mon who would scorn to steal a chickon from a nelghbor have bocomo ncoustomed to soo that nolghbor's voto stolon, with thauksglving to God that thereby the coun- try was savod from groab porll, Tuo dovelop- monts in Arkavsns, the memorios of Philadol- phia, and tho whole list of eleotion frauds which liavo inlalo yenrs become both numerous and notorlous, show what the modern politiclan un- deratands, by * guarding tho pyrity of tho ballot- box,” ‘The sccond roquisite, viz.: Tunt district appor- tionments bo made to facilitato the olection of Republicaus, unhappily neods as little itlustra- tion as the firat. The gorrymander was invonted, indged, whon this cenlury was young, but it novor cumo into perfoct uso until the necessity of saving the country was forced upon the olect. In thelr bands it bas worked wondora, Wit- nesa tho Lrand-uow gorrymander of Indiana, made by & Ropublican Legislature, itself the product of a gorrymander New Duatricts and old Representa- tives; Democrats in ttalic. @ov. Vorx, 1873 Rep. " e naj. 896 s, . T, Coburn ... 8. Hunter . Qusion, 10, Packard 11, Tyner , 12, Shnke, Baylor.. 13, Wi 4 Nino districts Ropublican, PR Four districts Democratic , 14,000 Democratic majority in whol 1,010 Also, tho now Cougrossional apportionment by o Ropublican Legislature of Penusylvania : A -Gov, Vorx, 1872, New Districts and old Representa~ Jep. Dom, fwes; Denwcraty in tulic, miaf, % g 2, O'Neill. 8, Randall :. Kelley.. 23, 21, Moore, 95, Taylor, 28, Richmond, MeJu 27, Ourtia, Beofield.. .. Ninoteen districts Ropnblionn iac Light wstricts Domocratio. .. it The Indinoa apportionment spoaks for ftuolf. Tha Peansylvenin apportionment ia pyrhapa bost iliusteatod by taking, for example, the Eleventh and Twelfth Distriots, concerning which we quote ¢ Thesears composed of the following counties, and the figurca ure tuken fron: tho last voto for Govornor ¢ glves & Democratlo majority, and yet tho districts have Deen go arrangedss to make one Republican and tho othier Democratic, To do this tho Countica of Carbon, Columbia, Afonroo, Montour, and Pike, and » fringo of Domocrntic towns in Luzerne, including the Domo- cralio half of the Olty of Scranton, oro all mosssd in ano heavily Dewocratio distriet, The romaiuder of Luzerno County is expected to ben Republicnn district, The Seventh and Teuth Districts of Ponnsyl- vania aro coustructed in like manner. The Counties of Bucks, Montgomory, Northampton, and Lobigh are onch and sll Domocratic. 1o mako & Ropublican distriot (tho Soventh), tho Ropublican towns in Bucks aro joined to Mont- gomery, and ovorwhelm its Domooratio majority ; the Demoeratio towns in Bucks holp to swoll a Donocratic majority in the Tonth District. The firab’ five aistriots aro crontod of Philndelphia, aufl it will bo obsorved with what magnanimity Snm Randnll (Democarat, so-called) {4 provided ™ for by his Republican ownors, Taking tho wholo vote of Penusylvaula in October, 1872, as the Tepublicans counted it (and the count was a fraud), 817,853 Domocratle votera are pormittod to cloet soven Democratic Roprosentutives and 8Ssm Randall; while 858,387 Nepublican votors eloct ninctocn Roprosontatives and own Sam Randall. . Now, if, after providing such districts as abovo doscribad, tho poople should have the hoartloss- ness and bad faith to elact a man of the Opposi- tion in any distrlct not assignod to'the Opposition (theroby ondangeriug the preservation of tho country), what thing is enslor than to * contest the olection,” and apposl to all the sacred proco- donts which bave accumulated sinco Dawes was first Chinirman of tho Committoo on klootions in Cougress? And hero an aot of Congross comoes in play to the groat holp of tho party in powor, A moro Clork is, by*that act, mado the solo judge of tho qualifications of mombors of tho House, pending tlie orgunization of tlie House, aud his roll of mombers, undor the snal- ary aot, has alroady bocomo n pag-roll for all whose names aro upon it. A contest of elootion may, in the opinion of tho Olerk, oxclude the contested momber from this roll, thougl the cortainty of his olootion bo nover so apparont, Sinco auy dofoated candidato may contest the elastion, aud wsinco the praotice of tho Houue hns been to encourage Republicans, ospecially, todoso; and slnco the mere uotico of such contest may, in the opinion of the Ulerl, oxcludo au Opposition membor-aloot from taking partin tho organization of tho Iouso; it will bo seon that, whatevor shall be tha popu- lar cholco of Qougressmon this year, the organ- izatlon of tho next Congross largely depends upon o creaturo of the presont Congress, who 18 not only » Tepablican, but who holds, Jike tho ront, that tho Domoacrats would do the same thing it thoy hind, the powor. DPerhaps thoy would ; but it would take some timo to educato thom to so grent proficionoy. Tobert Toombs sud Alexander H, Btephons Lisve published a oard atating that their quarrel Lias boen sedtled, This s geaclous nows aud & swoot boon to tho Bouthorn publlc, which bas folt bound to road tho columus of print each honped upon tha othor, Tho Aght has boon like Don Quizoto's battls with tho windmill, savo that onch contostant hns chlofly rosomblod tho Intter, THE PROGRESS OF FREE TRADE. Mr, Murat Halstond enlightoned tho Cobdon Club, a} the Inttor's annunl dinner on the 11th inst., by & specch an things n gonoral 'in tho United Btates, Ifo sald, in rogard to freo trado, thnt this country was not distinctly committed to proteotion, A fow solfish jutorests had com- binod and had for the prosent carried tho day. Bnlt bad a fow votes, copper a fow, lumbor n fow, iron a fow, and 6o on. They swappod sup- port, and 80 taxod tho many for tho bonefit of tho fow. The feelivg agninst tho systom sua- tained by such Jobbery grow stronger overy day. o rogardod the sontimont of Cincinnati—'* the largoat of the contral citios of tho country”~—ns & vory good indox to that of tho country. Now thero wore not in all Cincinoati, to his knowl- odgo, halt-a-dozon porsons who beliovod in pro- toction, Tho troublo was that Ponnsylva- nla was so rich that sho thought sho ought to bo helped.by poorer Btateal Bho lind & pronounced policy of protection; and political partios.aceoptod it for tho eoke of her support, But tho free-traders hoped to convert TPonnsylvania., Now England was already con- vorted, Tho loavon was lenvenirig tho wholo lump. Tho questions arising from the War had forced this principle of froo exchangoe into the background for the timo, but It was now assort~ ing itdelf again. o had grent hopoea for tha future. . Mr. Halstoad {8 undoubtedly justified in think- ing that freo trado is geining ground in this country, although ho may ovorestimate the rate of galn. Tho high-tarifl eystem was sprung upon the country in 1861, under tho plea of patriotic nocosslty. Tho pooplo, thinking that thoy wero to bo taxed by the land thoy loved, consonted to bo tsxed by tho monopolists. Binco then, ‘s combination of blosted industrios have bindered revenuo-roform. Yot the tarift bag already been somowhab reducod. Tho good work will goon, Tho demonatrations of Col. Grosvenor and othors that tho high rates of freight of which tho farmers complain aro tho direos causo of tho increascd costof rails and rolling-stock under a high tariff have converted tons of thousands of Wostern votorsto freo trade. Tho porcoptiblo stimulus that the fem- porary suspenslon of the tariff gave to the ro- building of Chicago has boen of solid missionary service. Tho crash of tho fooble industrion fos- tered by the tariff at a timo when less-protected ‘branches of trado stood out the storm sturdily bas shown mauy how unnatural and unbeslthy istho growth cauyed by tholawsof tho land com-~ pared with that caused by the lnws of Naturo, ¥reo trndo is probably stronger now thamat any time since the Morrill tariff began ita baneful work. 4 FRENOH REPUBLICS, It in plain that the Fronch peoplo aro not eat- isfied with their presont Governmont. It iy chroule with thom to bo dissatisfiod with their political situntion. Ever since their Great Rev- olution thoy havo mado it o principlo to under- valuoe what thoy have, and piue for what they Thavo not and cannot bave. 'To this principle of dissatisfaotion, and $o no othor, thoy have been truo, in thelr political life, for tho lsst threo- quartors of a contury, They establish Govern~ monts only to overthrow thom. Tho fact thst o govarument—Ropublican, Monarchical, or Im- perial—makes a mistako, 18 roason sufficient why it should be abolished. The IFronch mothod of roform fis aonihilation of that which noeds reform, and a beginning de novo. Thoy mover think, like the Englinh, to improve what thoy have, by resort- ing to tho forms of law. As Mr. J. O, Morrison #ays, in the last oumber of tho Forinighlly Re- view, tho French mothod of roform in polities Is the rovolutionary mothod; that is, the method of despotism as distinguished from the mothod of liborty. But thisisnot theonly point in which Frenchmon doviato from tho right path. They differ from the English, not only in their mothod of political reform, but in tho manuer in which thoy approach political questions, Such prob~ loms thoy troat nlwaysabsolutely, They are al- waysmora or loss utopianin their political views. Frenchmen do not draw thoir conclusions from oxperionco, Thoir constitutions aro olabo- rated in the «closot. They partake of the natnro of articles of faith, with this exception, that thoy do mnot protend to bo rovealed to msn by tho Bupremo Boing, Frenchmon are Orleanists, Bourbon- ists, Bonapartists, Republicans, or Communists, a8, in past times, men wore Oalvinists, Catholics, Puritans, or Methodists, The odium theologicum i8 transferred to the flela of politics, They have no truo notion of compromise. Evory Fronch partisan boliaves himself infallible, His own vicwa are complotoly right. His opponents aro complotaly wrong. Tho ono cuunot be en- grafted on the other. Henco, destruction of the COovernment is tho only possible means of ouring oxisting political ovils, Itisnsif the only way to oura a sick man were to kill him. In political miattors Fronchmen as a rule/do not reason ; thoy dream. Thoro is moro of tho poot than of the statosman in thelr syatoms. Trom what wo heve just said it would seom that Franco is in o poor way to obtain & Govera- ment of any kind, A Monarchy or an Empire shio will not have. A Republle sho cannot have. “This faot $fr, Morison, in tho articlo roforrad to, g0 domonstrates that it cannot bo gainseid, In the way of tho establishment of a Fronch Re- publio thore aro threo classos of impedimonts, Thore are political impediments, moral impedi- monts, and socinl impodiments, The political impedimout s that among thoso who dosire & Ropublio in France thoro, is hopeloss division. 4'o Radicals of Parls do not agroo with the Rad- feals of tho large towns. Republicans suoh ag M, Thiera oan novor Aagroo periwauocntly with euch mou as Rochofort sud thoso who domand o distribution of tho na- tional woalth awmong all alike. Thoro are Ropublican eapltalists and Ropublican workmon ; und thero i¥uo hopo to discovor any policy fo reconoile thom with oneanother aslong as the Iattor look upon tho formor as ‘8o many xob- bers fattenod on the spoliation of tho poor,™ A Ropublic in France would have fmmonse diffionl- tlos to encountor, 1t would bo attacked by fires from tho frout and from tho resr, from the Cougervative ranks of tho country, aud from tho Boclalistio aud Communistlo ag well. Amobg thomorsl impedimonts to & Republio in Frauce {a tho tomperamont of the pooplo. A Topubllcan poople should be n cool and sober poople, Thoey should be ablo to discuss and to compromlse, Tho French are neither sobor nor cool. They can ueither discuss nor eftoot a com- promisoin politics. They oan talk thormuslves, but wlll not liston to any othor porson talk, Audthis Is the case with them eupaolslly in political af+ talre, Anothior tralb in Franoh oharaotor Iy tuolr willingnoss to submit to tyrannloal, and thoir impationce under liboral, rule, Da Tooqueville romarked that tho ondenvars to paoity tho Fronch poople froquantly resulted in exasporating thom. But tho greatest dimeulty of all ln tho way of pormanently catablishing & Ropublio in Franco 18 tho breach botwoon cmployors and employed. Mr. Morison, who iaa stadled thifa subject pro- foundly, says it i no oxaggeration to sssert that tho mogt provalent montiment botwoon om- ployer nnd employed, in Franco, is one of down- right hatrod. Tho worst of it {s, that the labor- ers 4o not saok or desire a poacoful solutlon of tho issuo botwebn themsolves and thewr om- ployora. The workmen honor their employers with' tho doesignation of ‘*‘oxocutloners." Mutual massaore i their most nsunl way of gottling all difforonces, M. Vermosch, in a pamphlet, Les Incendiafres, published in Lon- don, oxprosses tho fecling of the laborers for tho rest of tho. community pretty acouratoly whor Lie says that tho proletariato and the bour- geolslo aro in a stato of Inovitablo civil war, and that one or the othor must perish in tho struge glo. It is notroasonabloto suppose.that Fraugo can change her ekin o a vory sbort time; and thus it happens that thoro is no immedlato prospact of her succesafully eatablishing & Ro- public. Bat, whils she cannot establish a Ropublio, noighor can sho maiutain & Monarchy, oxcepr, indoed, it bo an alwnost irreaponsible one, To the nitro-glycorino character of Fronchmen an iron Governmoat must be opposed, or anarchy will bo the reault, OUR BLACK REPUBLICS, The ateady coucontration of tho Southern no- groos.continues. On the Atlantio, Bouth Caro~ linaand Florida attract thom. In tho South- weat, Misslesippl, Louisians, Arkansas, and Toxas are their goals, Tho census of 1870 shows tho rolative white and black population of certain Statos, a8 follows ¢ White, 21 Alabam “Tox: + Qreat changen have oceurrod ginco this consug waa takon, ‘Thouttor failuro of ‘efforts to form political coalitions betwaen the tworaces, and the gradual ohangoe of tho two partica from Ropub- lican and Democratio into black and white, have gven an impotus to the intoresting process ef sogregation that is now going on. Tho Afobilo Register says: *Binco 1870 the condition of the races has changed materfally. Tho white popu- lation has beon incroasing rapidly, and the black population has been docressing moro rapidly. The exodus of nogroes last yoar to Miseissippi, Louisiana, Arkaneas, and Toxas, was not exag- gorated by tho public pross. Not loss than 10,000 loft tho Btato Ly tho railronds. All of those, with & fow oxceptions, wero 'males, Hardly o fomals or a child could bo seon upon tho trains, It is ronsomsblo to conclude that & large number moved westward by tho country roads.” Tho Now Orleans Timeas ssys that tho census of 1870 undorestimated the whites of Touisiaoa by 80,000, but that the megro volo is mow tho stronger, for, “since 1870, at least five white men have moved aut of thia State far every nogro that has 8o romoved,” Wo might give ex- tracta of tho same tenor from many other South- orn newspapors, If this tondency continuos— sud it is highly probable that it will—wa shail havo some black Ropublica at tho Bouth. Tho fact that the Consorvatives have mow gained control of Texns and Arkansas, and that the whites now largoly outoumber tho hlscks in thoso Statos, will probably put a stop to sny fur ther black immigration. But South Carolina ond Florida in tho Easst and Mississippi and Louisiaus in the West may becomo black Repnb- lics, ruled ot homo and represented in Washington almost oxclusively by black men. While there aro cortain grave objections to such o eottlement of tho - problem that is now vexing theSouth, thero are alsocertain great advantages in it. It would simplify poli- tics, remove tho daugor of riot, and re-establich self-governmont at the South, by taking awayall protext for Fodoral interforonce. Moroover, the two races, if esch wore loft to itsolf, would speedily soparato into partics founded on priu- ciple and not on color. It is doubtful whother they over will, if they continue to oppose each other in tho samo Btate. This would be a great step gained. But there are somo remoto and contingent dangors about the soparation into white and black States which prevent an abao- luto indorsement of the projoct. THE BEIZURE OF THE TRENT. In the fall of 1861, every man in America know what the Trent was. Now tho namo will probably suggest nothing to the majority of readers. Yot the saizure of the Trent—the vos- gol which was carrying the Confodorate envoys, Mason and Blidoll, to Europe-+came very mnear reaulting in the destruction of our blockade and the possible triumph of the South, The publi- cation of the Count do Paris' book on our Civil War has rovived this, among othor bitg of his- tory, His judgment on the Trent affair is val- uablo, bacausa circumstances made him impar- tisl. e was In tho service of the Union at the titme, but he Liad spout yoara in houored exilo in England, His ties to Doth countries were strong, His book gives a grapuio sketch of tho soizure. Alason and Blidell had run tho blockade at Obarleston and roached Havans, whore they were roceived with many tokous of honor. Capt. Willkes, of tho United Stotes corvetto Ban Jaolnto, “a& sallor known by his discoverics in the An- tarctiosoas, voryloarnod, but of a solitary and in- dependont disposition,” was thon in Havana, He waa an ardent studont of maritimo law. Ho con- sulted his bools und convinced himself that ho bad the right to tako tho Comminsioners ' from & neutral deck, Hig vossol lay In wait in tho chan- nel of the Bahamas, On Nov. 8 1801, tho Britieh mail stesmer Tront camo in sight. Tho San Jacinto was clearod foraction. An unshottod gon was firéd, Tho Trent kept on. A eholl burat betoro her bows and sho camo to. A boat~ ful of marines, undor the command of Lieut. Fairfaz, boarded hor. Tho Oaptain was notined that tho Bau Jacinto meant to exeroléo tho right of aearch, Tho passongers mado rlotous domon- strations, but reinforcemonts ronchod Falrfax and order was reatorod. The two Commission- ors were faken with some slight forco from thoir cabips. Whilo this unpleasant duty was belng performed, Fairfax was struok by Miss 8ldell, Aftor throe hours’ doton- tion, tho Tront went on, Tho selzuro was known in Awerlos Nov, 10 ; In England, just two weoks lator, Both countrios went mad,—Amories with 'jny, Qroat Dritaln with wrath. Our unreflecting: populace grooted Wilkos with acolalm, The Secratary of the Navy so far forgot himself au to congratulate kim, Tho Oount de Parly points el e out that tho acelam was not unanimous, thoagh {t soomod g0, Ina Domocrasy, the voices of the thoughttul aro usunlly drowned at first, but thoy eagort themualvon nfter tho firat franzy s over, It was 80 in Amotles, Tho best minds of tho country wroto and taught that Witkos had boon wrong. Tho Iatter made a lengthy roport of tho arrast of tho eovoye, in which bo justifiod bia courso by roforenco to the authorities in marie timo and intoruationsl law, ® flo aisplayed,” snya tho Count do Patls, “‘undoubtod ekill 18 8 Jurisconsult.” Our Clovernmont sont & wose eago to London thiat Wilkes Lnd noted without orders, and'that it was ready to discuss the lo- pality of tho sefzuro. This pacifio dispatoh vas kept socrot by the English Miniatry, Lord Pue ‘morston, the then Promior, wasimbued with the batred of the North which was #o provaleat smong tho English upper olassss. Tho Crown Inwyora made, for form'a Bake, & partisl inquiry into tho' action of Wilkos, and pros nounced it tllegal. Thereupon tha Governmers acted aa though it wore alroady at war. Tho e« vortation of gunpowder was forbiddon. An srmy was embarked for Canada. Tho advanco- guard marchod on board tha transports with thelr bands piaying **I am off for Charlea- ton." The Confedoraten wore osuliant. They folt suro of England's support, But thelr hopes were in vam, Tho tact of Lord Lyons at Washington, and of Oharlos Francla Adsme ot London, sllaged the storm. The timo required to tranemit messages gave timo, too, for passion to eubaide. M. Adams aftorwarda told tho Count do Paris that, it the transatinntio cablo bad then oxisted, war ‘would bave been inevitablo, ‘Tho Count thinks that Mr, Adams desorvos the “eternal grati- tude" of America for his condugt in that trying Himo. Finolly, tho onvoya wore given up, and the principlo that no right of search in rogard tonoutral vessols exiated—a principlo that wity bo all-important for us if wo ever got again the commercinl povy that our laws have driven from the seas—was firmly ostablished. —————— NOTES AND OPINION. The Colorado Democrats have nominated T. M. Patterson for Delogate in Congress. Tho Tepublicans will probably be divided betwoon the MoCook and anti-McCook factions, Delo- gato Ohafloo aud the Donver News boing of the lntcor. —Jnmes W. Simpson, of Carrolton, Groonn County, is the Prohibition candidato for Biate Troasuror of Ilinols, vico Little, docensed. —Sam Randall (Domocrat, 8o called) is worth his price to his Republican owners, his prico nok boing vory high, Just now ho enables all tha sorvilo Bepublican salary-grab nowspapors to moy: Bumuel J, Randall, rocontly renominated for Cone gross by Ponnsylyonla Domozrats, took back-pay and Dousted of it. Tho “Ponnsylvania Demoorats ” above named roside in Philadelphis, and aro a dlan of meu of whom the Marrisburg Patriof, spoaking for Ponnsylvauin's Domocrats, says : Mcdlullin sad Lis infamous gang nre ayain at thele old tricks of troachery to tho Damocrats party in Fhile adelphiin, . . . They nre tho coarso aud brutd bhirelinge of William B, Mann, and belong to the Dome ocratic party only to botray it . . . Tho only iafoty of the Domocratic party 13 in uttorly repudiating sy knowledgo of theso scoundrals, who usurp leadaraliie g‘l&u party morely to losd it to destruction and dis= Algo, tho Ropublican ownership of tho Dem cratic machine in Philadelphia is worth all it costs, since it costa next to nothing. Just no#r it cnablos every highly-sensitive Ropublican nowspaper to Bay : 1n tho Nist o2 Democratio legislative nominations in ‘Philadolphia, about fifteen are set down in tho dirocto= Ty us aloou-kcepers. This is about Lulf tho whola number nominated, —Congressmen (Ropubliean and Opposition alike) aro ravely nominated for re-elootion, this yoar, without poril to the party that doesit. Tha poople do not forgeb that, whilo tho salary~ grabbers found no difficulty in malking the law rotrouctive, tho salary-reducors could not be in- duced to disgorgo their ill-gotten gains, Whethex in Texas or in Ohio, in Georgin or Minnesota, whorever a Congressman's voico is hoard in the land, the pooplo domand a personal explanation sbout the grab, and then—they think they will voto for & now man, It ia just as *“hot” for Democratio Congressmen in Goorgia or Wexns, ng for Ropublican Congressmen in the free Northwest, ~—TFlorida has one colorod and ono white Con= grossman, Theroisnow being developeda purposs among the colorod troops fo name both Con- gressmen this year, and the Jacksonvillo New South, & Repulican paper, says : If tho course thus indicated and commended pres vaily, tho resnlt will cortainly be that, by the direct instigution of tha official and personal” organs of Gov, Stearus, tho raco queation, with al its dixastrous cou soquences, will bo sprusg upon tho peoplo of thu State ; and, socondly, all possiblo hopo of electing & ‘Republican’ Congressmun from olther Qistrict will be destroyed. Then, when ‘‘the race quostion, with all its disastrous consequoncos,” hus boen Bprung up- on tho people of Florids by a Ropublican Ex- ocutive, how all tho sorvile papers hero in the North will bolabor the Democratic party about it. At presont theso servilo papers are busy lashing the Democratic party with articles on the Whito League of Louisiapa. Thoe Now Ore loans Z'imes, speaking of the local altuation, 6038 : “T'ho White-Loaguers positively rofuus to fight under tho old Democratie bannor, and fho true-grie Demon crata roturn the compilmont, This might b {ntore eating if it wero not suicidal. When all the Conderves tivo cloments in the Stato are required to make an election oven approximately sure, it is the verics fiacy muginable 30 brauch off on iaconsequential featien, nud thus _codavger wholesome results, We llél;u 1iad too much of thisslready, Lot it bo reformed atomnco. —1t is too thin—this attempt of sundry Poat- Office organs toropudiate ex-Congressman Haw- Yins as & Republican, on account of his recent spoocks at Paris, Weat Tennesseo, advoeating tho ropudistion of all national and Btate dobte, Tsanc R, Hawking was olected as & Republican to throo succcesive Congrosses. His soundnosd was thus indorsed by two ro-elactions—and can 1o more bo questioned than that of Browulow and Maynard. At P'aris this repudiation epeach of this triplo-dyed Republican 'was prowptly mob by the Democrat, Col, Bykes, Tho simplo fasc i#, thia ropudiation rtunuuou iglooming up in ro- gard to tho Nutional as woll as Stato debt, ard from tho same causos, Rtadical oYpmuleun and corruption Luve gosdad the paoplo to tho varga of deaperation. Lhoy have raisod s storm that they ara_poworloss to allay, In Tounessoo to~ day tho Domoacracy is wrostling with this logacy of Radicol oxtravagance, Bo will it soon be in the nation at Inrge. In elther case thd Domoo~ nwdy full heir to estates wasted by tho Prodigals, and thorough frugality, ratrenchment, and aven~ handed justice batweon dobtors and eroditors, cun nlond solyo tho problem,—.Nashville (Tenn.) pon, ‘—-'l‘ho following partioulars of the legislation of Congross duriug the lata session were onnnt- evated by Mr. Gortleld in the Houso of Con- gross Last yoar, This yu:; Dotlefeitey,. Wo always havo such reportod reduotions dur- Ing tho yoar when Congressmon aco to bo oleoi- od. ‘Tho only drawbnol s, that st the next ues- glon ‘they pass & doficloncy bill moro than swallowiug them up, This dodgo of tho prosent Qongross fu tho somblance of sunnnm{ is, thore. foro, au old oue,—Quincy (1lt.) Herald, —Members of Congress who hiawk publiooffices through tholr districts to be kuooked off to tho men who biave the greatest capacity for cau uuu-puldng. have had tuolr day, That *sye- tom” in our politics must bo wiped out, Uhe poaple have issucd thelr ediot against it, and the Iuut who attampry to defy their authority bad battor uover boon born.—; DBlads. CHICRGD EX INISTS, Kawass Cn‘-v. Ma..‘Jul (v§'hu ?:l:.fi)n u‘:lt urelon party arriVedsHore at 41 fi‘flmxfi, and )E:u’ via (s Haunlbal & B Josuph lne for Clucago,