Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 15, 1874, Page 6

re TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE TRAMA OF BUDEORITTION (PAYANLE 1N ADYANOE). ol Ralvatn! Parte of & yesr st the same rate, . o provont dolay and mistakes, e sure and wive Port Ofconddress In full, inoluding State and County, Remitiancos may be made oltisor bydratt, sxpruss, Pont Ofico ordor, or in registered lottors, at mur rlsk. TENMA TO CITY AUDSCRINENIE, Dails, dolivered, Bunday exceptoa 2 conte por week. s, golivered, Bundey fnoluded, &1 conts por wook. Addross THR TRIBUNK COMPANY, Cotner Mndinnn and Uoarborn-ata,, Ukleage, Iil, TO'DAY'S AMUSEMENTS, MOOLEY'S THREATRE~Randolph stront, between ©lark_and LaBallo. ~ Kngageninnt of Tony Pastor's Va- Hoty-Troupo. Aflornoon sud evening, ACADRK] OF MUSIO~Hnlstod atrnot, betwaen Mad- ‘Hellos of tho Kitchon,' WXPOSITION RUTLDING—Takestnre, foot of Adams ot O oo A teroan and syou TWRNTY-THIRD.ST. DASE BALL GROUNDS- Ousmplonaliip gamo botween the Phtladelphias and Ohl- aagos. BUSINESS NOTICES. $10 TO $1,600 INVRSTED IN BTOOKS AND QOLD th, Hond fc rticalars, TUM- A R The Chicagas Tribune, Wednesday Morning, July 16, 1874. NOTICE TO LOSERS. T2 TRIBUNE respectfully requests sll property- ywners in the # Burnt District ¥ to send in, at the sarliost honr possible lo-day, s brief description of the yroparty destsoyod, giving strost and number, RAmB A genoral M ownor, ostimatd foss, snd insurance, somplianco with this request will enablous to give & more complete and accurate statement of the lowos han oouldl be pressntsd in any othor manner, YESTERDAY'S FIRE. A Cheap Penalty for Amazing Folly. Cbloago was almost burned up again last evoning, but did finally cscape. Every cool- hoadod observer of tha conflagration muat bave Zolt that wo hava paid a light penalty for allow- ing our magnificent busincsa-centrs to be sur- rounded with wooden rookories. We have come off oheap. Tho groat, glided martyr, sronnd which the fagots have boen &0 profusely piled, ‘has not yot boen burned to doath, Porhaps this amall calamity will show us how to savo it—per- bapenot, Thore arenow some nixty acres of burned territory botweon tho fagots nnd tho wiotim, 'This gap may be tho moans of asving what is left, If so, lot us thank God. Ths prodestined fato of ervery wooden bulding in & Iarge oity ia to bo bnrned some timo. We lhave now offered up sixty aores of our combustibles ns & sacrifice to the goniua of free inatitutions— mosning thereby the freedom of every man to Xeep a tindor-box nnd au ofl-factory whora it wuits him best. Would that we oould say this 18 tho last of such mad folly. It is not. Chicago still has thousands upon thoussnds of woodon shantlos to feed future fires; snd go dowa thoy will all in good time. Tho utmost we oan do I8 to prevent our stono sud Vriok edifices from going down too. There la votbing like experionce to toach us how to build, and whore to puf our property. There 1s nothing like experience to teil the insurance companies what kind of rigks to take. Thoy ought not to writo a policy on any now wooden ,building in Chicago. They onghitnottoinsuresny old wooden building for more than half itevalue, _They should make theownorsof wuch buildings 4nsure themselvon to tho extent of 50 per cont. They aught to demand Lhe control of the Fire Doportmont and organize it on businesa princi- ples. Bul they are supposed to bo woll-gov- erned financial corporations, and to know what they are about. We hope they do, but wo cen- mot sos tho ovidence of i in the ashes of this conflagration. This fire originated in a diatriot comprotly oo- supled by peraons and families of humble oir- oumstanoes, and who have beon left destitute andhomoless. It swopt the district In which tho Iargor portion of the colored population of the oity was located. It swopt away the homes and furnlture of many hundreds of othor familien ‘who wore dopendent on thoir daily earningu. Al theso familios thus rendored homeloss aud dostitute will feol a groat burden of distress, Wo do not underrate the loss of property; but wo ropeat that to-day thoro will be many hundreds of famillos, homoless and destitute, and who will atand sorely 1n need of the holping band of their more fortunate fellow-citizens, The wisdom of the action of tho Retier and Ald Bocioty, inrefus- ing last winter to surrender their funds and dis- tribute thom among the Communiats,’{a shown in the fact that the fund In thelr hands in now available for the relief of thezo paoplo, and of the othier dostitutes during tho coming winter, Like the firo of 1871, thin owed its magnitude 1o the ready fustof all kinda of weodenbulldings thatlay in thepath of the fire, and in front of astilf southwest breeze. It originatud In s district of narrow atroots, snd whore thoinfiammable build- 1nga wore stored with rags, paper, lard, and the various compounds denominated ofl. In closs,, proximity to all thoge . bulldings were an indefi- nito numbor of barns, cow-housew, carpenter- shopa, and overy dosoription of wooden structura lnto which buman beings aud dumb beasts could beorowded. Fed at the start with the contents of an oil-factory, the fire rushed upon tho fusl spread out before it, defying all humnn effort to arrostit. By the time it roached BStinte street the shoet of flame, driven by the galo, was lrreolstiblo, I8 was nob wntil the firo resched Harrlson alrost, where It met the now built distriot, that it recoived any check ; bot evon hers, o grent was its force snd ko large is breast, thut it oxtended down Btnte street and Wabash avenuo soveral blooks. The Tosintance furnished by briok walis to fire from without, and proveution afforded by like walla to 1ta communication with othors, onabled the Gre- men here to make a greater Improsalon on [k, Xt was ourlous to note that the wingle blook and Sl Poai-Ofilae, witloh ware all bhat exoaped ihie B north o Dlarsicon siteed b 2074, webs sinong THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, JULY 14, 1874, the first to porish Iast night. Graduslly the aweop of the fire was contractod on the flanks, and oventually arroated, Wo paid $800,000,000 in 1871 for thls polioy, and yostordny's bill, with its attendant array of human suftering, destitution, and porhaps In somo cagea doath, is now to bo added. Somo yoars ago & woak Common Councll and a woak Mayor consontod that all the woodon tenoments in tho Sonth Division shionld be hauled through tho stroots and roplauted south of Harrison srroot, Theso buildings wore pnoked so closoly that a dozon were ofton placod upon o single lob; they woro thus admira- Lly disposed as Lindiing-wood to foed any firo that might take that path, Thoso houses wera {n tho way of yostorday's fire, and, wero it not for tho diatross and loss occasioned to the tonants, their destruction would bo welcomed as o pricoless blessing. ‘Wo hopo that honoeforth no man wilt justity or tolernto tho eroction of a frame building for any purposo within the lmits of the Olty of Chbicago. It is aruelty to tho very class in whose bohalf this kind of bulldings fa olaimed na 8 ben- ofit. Tho avoraga life of & framo building may Le almost oxactly computed, and its dostruction by fire is Inovitable. That we oscaped a goneral conflagration even moro oxtensive than that of 1871 was dus to the fact that north of Harrlson atroot tho supply of framo buildings failed. Had tho rabuilt distriot contained altornnte houses of wood, as in 1871, it would have gone ae farns that, THE WAGES QUESTION, Gon. Trancls A, Walker, Iate Suporlntendent of the Census, delivored an nddress ot Amborst Collage Commencomont on the Wages question, in which ho sought to overturn the hitherto-os- tablished moxim that {ho rate of wages is tho «quotient obtained by dividing the whole amonnt of ciroulating oapital (somotimon called wagos- fund) by the whole number of Iaborers employ- od or sevking omployment. Gen. Walker's ate tack upon this theory is ingenious, and he in- troduces somo faots that have escaped the atton- tion of provious economists, but whether hohas done mora than to change the form of the prop- osition, without altering its nature, may be sori- onsly doubtod. The question what is a fair rate of wagos probably interests more poople than svy other ons thing in tho univerae, Alr. Wallker doos full justice to tho subjoct when he says it is o quea- tion of happiness or misery to uncounted mill- ions of our race. Byurely auy man will doservo well, not moroly of Lis own gonoration, but of the remotest postority, who sball discover a “binonual theorem” applicable to lsbor and capital, and capable of awarding to each its oquitablo portion of tho jolut product, “his, Ar. Walkor doos mot claim to have done. For, after atincking, and as ke bolieves over- tlrowing, the old cquation sauctioned by ali the English oconomists, from Adam Bmith to Cairnes and Fawcolt, he meroly points out the advan- tagos of greator froedom and higher oducation to the Izborer as a moans to the advancement of Lis wagos. 'This a all very well, but it doos not Tielp ua to necortain what is o fair rate of wages. It'does not wubstituto anything in the place of the wage-fund theory of the cconomists. AMr. Walker firsb quotes the theory to Le de- molished, in tho words of Prof. Fawcatt : *That the circulating capital of a couniry is ite wage- fund. Hence, it wo doaire to calculato the nvor- age money wagos raceived by each lnborer, wo have simply to divide tho amount of this capital by the number of the laboring population. Itis ovident, therefore, that the average money wagou caunot bo increasod, unless oither tho ciroulating capital in augmonted or the numbor of the laboriug population diminished." Or, ns another writer puts it: * Thero I nouscin arguing agnivst one of the four funda- mental xules of arithmetic. Tho question of wagey is & question of division.” The error in this theory, Mr. Wallker contends, consists in confounding tho laborer's mere aubgistonce while tho product is belng fashioned for tho markot witls the wages he ia ontitled to receivo over and abovo his subsistence, Of course, the laborer requires to ba fed aud clothed whilo tho joint operation of lsbor and capltal i going on, aud bofore the joint product iu sold; and in most casea it iv nocossary that thig sbould bs furnishod by tho omployer. Whether the employor furnithes it outof hin own resources, or borrows it from a bank, or gets itwtho way of eredit from tho grocor and tho morchant, iy immntorial, It is o portion of tho ciroulating capital of the country, nnd may properly bo called wagos-fund, since from it must bo dorived that past of the labores's com- ponsation which {s consumed ns bo goes slong. The ather part, viz, that which is over and Rbove bls poceasary wubsistonce, Mr. Walker shows is roally advencod by the laboror himself to tho capitalist, to bo repaid out of tho ealo of the product. ‘Chis i the case with farm-hands who ave peid after harvest, with oosl-miners who ure pald onco a month, with munufacturing hands who are paid once » woult, eto. In all these cagen, tho laboror ndvunces Lis wagos for a longor or shorter period to tho mau- ufacturor, and takos his pay whe the whoel, the coal, tho goods ure sold. This, Mr., Walker thinks, constitutes a virtual parinorahip botwoen Iabor and oapital, and entitles the former to ba conoidered in the light of a partner. ‘Walving the quostion of partuership, or od- mitting that Mr. Walkoria oorrect ax to that, what have we guined? How far have wa gone in the way of upuetting tho old theory ? Iu b sny tholeus truo thattho iate of wages la de- terminod Dy tho ratio existing between tho olr- culating cxpilal of the country and (ho number of laborers? 'Lho products of labor aro thom- solves & part of the clroulating capital of tho oountry, They conntitute a factor—a oon- stantiy-inoreasing one—in (Lo equation we aro cousidoring between capital und lebor—betwoon wage-fund and wages; and thelr fondoncy must bo to inoreauo tho rate of wages unless the number of loborers increasos pard passt, Ho, oven if we concede that tho laborer ad- yances o part of his wagon to tho oapitallut snd talon lils pay nafter tho walo of the praduot 10 offectod, the mathomatical formuls, as stated by Prot. Fawcott, remnius to all mtents and pur- puses true, An argumont may bo draws from Mr., Wnlker's discovery (for wo think it may fairly be oallod & discovery), to bo addrossed to tha consolonce of the omployer, but o onanot woa how {t basany otber bonring on the wiagos quostton, The employer would probably say tuat tt he should allow jutercst fo the luborer for tho wageu edvanced by the Iatler fo tho for- mer, that is alt that oquity vequires, Mr. Walkar's uddross is novortholoss an inter- osting confribution o ecouomis solance, Ia b sdduosd uag formulated nome fruths (e oncapod the uotico of provious Invostiga- tors—truthia that have lnin so clogo to the oyo that thoy were mot discorned. Tho wago-fund thoory will horeaftor not bo complote withont tho- sddition which Mr. Walker has mnde to it, but in our ylow thls addition dons not shmnlke the thoory itsolf, Tho theory, wo grant, Is o hard- Lourtod ono~most thoorles are—the theory of gravitation is especinlly g0 to » man carning an lionest living on the top of & Indder It tho round broaks onyhich he s standing ; but the quostion 1n whethor it 18 & true thoory, not whether {t i bard or soft, A THIRD-TERNM NEWBPAPER, Anew Ropublican Thivd-Torm newspaper in Now York City has boen “in tho wind" for some monthe, According to a lettor in the Cin- cinnati Znquirer, tho Third-Termors intonded to buy the Express and convert it intoa moming papor, but by injudtclous blabbing it oame to the ears of the Eupress thot they had s * cor- nox " on the political situation by controlling tho only paper baving the Assoclaled Presa fran- chize which could bo had for love or monoy, “Tholr notlons of the valuo of the Eipress wora 80 much improved by tho discovery that thoy naked a higher prico than tho futonding pur- obnsora wers willing topay., Tho writor nlso suys that tho Third-Termors triod to buy tho Now York Tribune, but failed, Tho Now York Tmes in docldedly nol for n third totm; conse- quently somoling must bo dono for an organ in tho metropolis. Tho fact that an at- tompt was made somo months ago, by a knot of politiciaus hended by Congressman Dllntt, of Now York, to establish a now Administration papor in that city, s woll known. The oatonsi- ble purpose of thie now papor was to punish the Now York 2%mes for occaslonal Ligh-stepping misdemosnora, DBut it is bardly possible that this conld be tho actual raison d'efreof an en- terpriso roquiring no much capital. Tho estab- Hshmont of such a nowspaner could fn no ovent injure tho Times, oven if we supposo that capi- talists would squandor largo sums of monoy for foolish purposes of revengs, Thero must bo somegreason othor than this for tho contem- plated now paper. Whother Third Term bo the roul renson or not, must bo loft to conjeturo. JUDGE POLAND AND MATTHEW Lyow. It is somowhat remarkable that the Stato of Vermont alould have furnished tlio author of the act practically roviving tho Sedition law of 1798, whon one of tho brightest pnges in the history of that Stato Is that which contains the record of the heroio nuffoiing and bravory of one of Judge Poland’s predecessors undor porsacu- tions justituted in puraunnce of the Jaw, Among the first acts of the Federal party afior the olec- tion of John Adams waa the patsage of what a0 koown as the Alien and Sodition laws, Tho Sedition Iaw boars date July 14, 1708, exactly soventy-six years boforo the date of Poland'alaw, It eunctod that any person who should writo, print, uttor, or publish, or cause to ba writion, printed, ultored, or publiched, or assist In writing, prioting, uttering, or publishing, falso, scandalons, and malicions words agalost the Govornment of tho United States, or oither IHousa of Congross, or the Progidont of tho United States, with in- tent to dofame or to bring cithor of them into contempt or disrepute, or to excite agninst them tho hatred of the good people of the United States, or to stir up sedition In the country, ecte., should bo punished by a fine not exceoding £2,000, and bo imprisoned not moro than two years, This wea the law by which the majority in Congross at that time sought to provent criti- ciem of the proceodings of Congreus and of tho Administration by tho press of that day. Awmong the reprenentatives in Cougross abthat time from Vermont was Matthow Lyon, an ac- tivo, enorgolic Domocrat. He was of Irish bisth, and on his arrival in Uns country, long anterior {0 tha Revolution, bad been sold for his passage- money. s had, hiowover, keen clected by tho poople of his district to.the Logialatura fora numbor of yoars; had Leld Jadivinl ofice, aud bad been twico elocted to Cougress, Ho was momber of Congrees whon thiy law paesed, Just befors tho date of the law the Vermont Jowrnal, sn Adminisuation paper, con- tained an gesault upon Lyon, which way copled into the papera of Philadelphia, When Congress was thero in session, Lyon re- sponded in a letter to tho editor of tho Vermont Journal, who publishiod tho #ame on tho 31st of July, or twenty-ruvondayn attor the date of tho Iaw, The wholo thing was & trap sot to catch bim, Onthe 3d of October, 1793, two montha after the pubtication of tho lotter, the Grand Jury of the United Sates Circult Court, held at Butlang, found an indictmont agaiust Lyon. Thore wors thres countn, tho firot and principal of which wan upon tho following extract frowm hia lettor. As to {ho Executive, when I zhall soo the offorts of fhst power beut on tha promotion of the comfort, tho hapyiuess, and the sccommodation of tha people, thot Exccutive shall havo iny zealous end uniformn support, But whenevor I rhall,un the part of the Execulive, 500 evary coushderstion of public wellara swrllowed up in & continusl grasp for power, Ju kn unboundud thirst for ridienloua pomp, fooliah adula- tlon, or acifiuh avarice; vrhon Ishall Lobold men of xeul merit daily turned out of ofiice for uo other cause but fndepiondency of spirlt; when I oball oo men of firmuesy, morit, yoarn, ubliities, und exporieuce, dis- exrded, In their applications for oilico, for fear thoy ‘poaseqt thzt lndepondonce, aud men of Ineruness pra- fexvod, for tho esa0 with which they can take up wnd ailvocate opinions, the consoquonves of which thoy Xnow but Uttla of ; when 1 skall coe the sscred nate of rellglon emplnyed &s 4 Etuta engine 1o make mun- Xind Bate und porsseuts aueh otior, T xbiall not be thets humyle ndvocuto. ‘I'he ucond oount charged him with procuring the publication of & *““lotter from nn Amerjcan diplomatio ehsracter to a mombar of Congross," tho letter having beon written by Joel Barlow to Abraham Baldsvin, then o membor of Congresa, The count waa based on (ko tollowing paragreph In that letter s The misunderatanding botween the two Governmonts (Unfted fitates und Trcuce) Las Lucomo oxtromely slanniog § confdence fa complotely dostioyed ; mis- trust, Joslousy, suct e disposttion (o o wrang iteibue Lion of tothves aro 4o sppurent, R to roquire the ut~ smost ceution in ovory word sud welion that xre to coxau from your Lzeoutlva—I meau, §f your ebjoct fato avold hostiitles, Ixd this trath been undorsioud with you before tho rocall of Mouroe, befora tho comna fug sud cocond coming of Pinbuey, hud it guided tho pena that weote the bullylug speoch of your Presiduul aud atugld suwor of your Heaate, ot tha opoulg of Cougrosn tn Novembor lit, I uhould probably have bud o occadlon to address you tulu lultor; but when wo found lim_ borrowing tho laiguago of Rdmuud Thurkoe, aud tolllug the world that tithough he should wucceod In treating with the French, thero wae uo du- poudenco to bo placad enany of their engagumenty,that thoir religlon sud morality were ubau eud, that they Nad turned plestes znd plundovors, soid b would ba necusshry to Ls ypecpolually armed sgatnst theni, $hiough you areat peace, we wouderud flio anamwor of Voth touses bad 1ot boon an ordor o send him tou mud-houo, 1nstond of this, tha fenate have echovd 4l apeuch with wmoru gorvitity theu over Goorge (o Ahird experienced from ultler Mouca uf Parlisment, Thoso, In the lengusga of the indiotmont, wore pronounced “sourriloun, scandslous, ma. llolous, and dofematory,” In oxplanstlon of curtaln wordw in tho lsttor of Berlovw, it uhould be atated thut ab that time the Prosident delivy ered whiad 18 now known a8 tha Mesasge orally 46 Quasgrass, and U wus okllud m ' Bpesols” | and onoh Houno mado an snswor theroto, nfler tho manner in England, Tho tral followed on Oct. 8, in hot haale, aftor tho Indictment. . Tho Ion. Willlam Pattor- non, of the Unitod Btatos Supromo Court, and Bamuel Hitehicook, Distriot Judgo, both cousple- ' woun Federallsts, conntituted the Court, and the Diutrict Attornoy and Marshal wero also Fodor~ alists, Tho Jury, ss may be oxpeotad, woro in no way frioudly to the acoused. Lyon proved tha bis letter was writton and mailed June 20, fourteen dayn boforo tho pansage of the law, Ifo dentod that Lo had nnythiug to do with tho publication of Darlow's latler, Judga Patterson ovorrulod all dofonses, and flercely denouncod him fiom tho Bonoh. Ho was oonvicted, and gontonced to fonr months' imprisonment nnd to pay o fino of $100, Tho {mprisonment was to bo fu tho county jail. The Marshal, instend of committing him to e jall in Ruiland, enrried him to Vergouncs, in the north ond of tho Btato, and thero confined him uudor clrowmatancos of oxtromo rigor. Ho was denfod tho uso of fire, until in midwintor his old noigh- bors sont him & stove. Tora lony time e was denied tho use of pon, ink, and paper, nor was any poyson allowed Lo visit or convorso with hitm, Hin friends offered §100,000 bail if the Marshal would allow him to ocoupy & comfortable room m the Marshal's Lhouso, und it was rofused, His torm of fmprluonment cxpired Fob, 0, 1799, at 8 s, 1. In the moantime s covstituonts bad re- olected Nim to Cougress. At the olection in Soptembor Doforo bis trinl bo recolved 8,482 votea to 4,008 divided smong soveral opponents, ond Incked 26 votos of an oleotion. At the mcc- ond trial, after his indictont, ho bud 600 ma- Jority over all. ‘I'ho Xedoralists had mado proparations to have him roarrestod as #oon ns ho was dis- obiargod from jail, but the moment she Marshal opened tho prison doors and jnformed bim he was froo, ho shouted: I am on my way to Philadelpbio,” snd left tho prison. Cougress boing then in session, Le waa oxompt from ar- resb, In the meantime, tho country had boon busy with bis caso, Other porsons, cspooially pub- lishors of nowapoapers, had beon arrested, in- dicled, and convicted, and the peoplo wore every- whore filled with indignation against the abuso of liberty and tho rentriction upon froo specch. Lyon's journoy from his prison to Philadelphia was o triumphal moreh, That was not the day of raliroads, nud tho journey for the most part was on horsoback or In wagon. As ho passed through New England the people of each lown turned out to groot him, and accompanied him to the next town, Thoro was a graud rocoption offored him at Bonnington. On the 20th of Fob- ruary lie took his seat in Congross, and BMr. R. G. Oarper, a Foderallat, at onco offored a reso- lution for hiu oxpuision, Tho ground was that ho had beon convioted ‘a8 & malicious and sedi- Lious porson,” who hiad been guilty of *“public libola agatust the President, with intont to bring thae Government of tho Unitod Statea into con- tempt.” The vote on the resolution was, yeas, 49; uays, 45, Two-thirds not voting in the afitmo- tive, itfailled. Lyon nerved anothor torm in Con- greas Aftor rotinng from Congross e traveled over the country, honored and wolcomed evory- whare, Finally, Lo sottled in Kontucky, and servod eix years in Congrent a8 o mombor from that Btate. In 183, Congress, by spocial act, diractod thit "ha n and costs exnctod of him undor the Sedition law should be refunded to Lis hoiva, The Sedition Jawwas vigorously prosecuted for 2 faw years, but eo udious aud jufamous bad it hecome that oven tho Fadoralists repealed it. For thirty yoara Lhe natno of Jlatthow Lyon, of Yaermont, waa ingoparably connectod with the great popular atruggle for freo criticiam of the eels and procesdings of Congress and the Execu- tive, and his porsonal suilerings wero rogarded as haviog boon ondured for popular tiberty, 1If it bo true that Judge Poland waa not aware of Lho offect of the law recently pasaed to soud editors and publishers in all parta of the country to Washington City to bo tried for alleged libols, ve shell look to hit to take enorgotio stops at tho beginning of tha noxt sossion Lo have it re- poeled. ‘WEITE V8. BLACE, Vihen Benntor Morton, in 1805, inveighed pag- slonately againut giving the nogroes the sulirage, lio predictod that the gift, if 1made, woald inevit- ably result in o war of racos, lle and hig party Liava hoen doing their bost’ to prove the truth of the prophecy. By londing LFedoral bayenets to rid Lhe negroes in carrying out the central max- im of their Donnybrook-Fair Govornmeuts: ' Wherover you sos & whits hond, hitit"; by putting baso creatires of the Duroll stamp on the Bench of tho Unitod States Courty turough- out tha South; by considering party loyalty as an ull-suliiciont gxeuye for divhonosty; and by put- ting into Btato aund Natioual ofticen unworthy mon, without regard to the trifling fact that they wore not electod, but with most truokling regard to tho fact that they were acoopiable to blnok and abhorrent to white,~—~by all these monna they huve forced tha very collision be- twoen tho races which thoy bavo protendod to doploro. Tho whito population—tho galled jade of tho last decade—has wincod patiently for mauy years, Now it proposes to Iick, Boerotary tsoward onlled the strugglo to freo the bluck from hig chalna the irrepresaible conflict. dov, Me- Luery applien the samo title to (o atruggla to fras Lho Bouthern whifs, It ia‘pitiable that race ahonld bo pitted againat race, but it is Insvitablo, Tho oxth-bound longuea of the blaocks must be mot by leaguon of whitea, tnch leoguos aro now boing formed through- out Touigiens, Wo hiave before uw tho constitn- tion and plntform of tho * Crescent City Whito Languo of Now Orloans.” Itis, we prosume, a type of tho rost. The plattorm g, in the maln, geod. It containy nothing whatever to subslan- tinte the ery of ¢ Ku-Klux Klen " which supor- loyal nnd sub-sonsible organs huvo raised. The Patform reciten tho dosolation of Louislana; pletures the dichonenty of hor rulors aud the dogradation of her judivlary § and doolares thut the whites are * inno way reaponsible for the intolerablo avile of mivgovernmont under which tho Btato in porishing.” Tho lnst sasertion is not borno out by facls, The whites aro partly vosponeible, Thoy have uot done sll they could ~—Dbut thelr ghortcominge ubould not be punish- ed wilh anarhy. 'Tho Orescont City Whito Lexgno proponcs us its object * tho malutenance of vur horeditary clyllization and Christianity menaced by & stupid Africonization,” It de- claron that it ond organizations likoe it are the “Inovitable result of tha formidable, oath- bound, xnd bindly-obudlout Jeaguo of the blacks, which, undor the command of the ot cunniug snd unacrupulous negroes of tho Btute, muy at any momunt plunge us fulo & war of racos," Tha platform assorts that the negroow Jook for- werd bu a dey whon evory white man shell be tazad oub of Loulnisns. * Whild we deolara fi bs owr puiposs dud Aied dubormalsailen ned be Interforo In any manner with tho legal righta of the colored race, or of any othor rage, we ara doterninod to maintain ourown logalrights by all the meann thiat may become necesnary for that purposo, and to prosorve thom at all hazardn." This manifesto nas excited much interost throughout the province that was onco tho Btato of Louisinun. 'Fho most suthoritative ut- toranco in belnlf of tho colored pooplo bas boen tho reply of the Now Orloans Louimanian, s wookly ownad, odited, and rend by tho nogroos. This counscls modoration ¢ says, what is doubt losy truo, that the Whito Lengue contains domss gogues ng woll 08 carnost and honest men; and doclaros thnt tho blacks will maintain their rights to the last. It bolloves that the nogleot of educatod Southernors to vote has been tho cause of muols of the ovil. They have stayed away from the polls and sufferod tho rabble to chooss whom they would. This absontcolsm bira been caused, howevor, not so mitch by nog- lect as by tho cortainty that voting would do no good, fnasmuch as fraud would luovitsbly olect the Ethiopian oandiuates, it ballots failed to do 8o, There is ono hope for Louislana, but it does not como from the White Lenguo. In fact, the Leagueisan obatacle toits accomplishment. This fall, a new Legislature ia to bo choson. If honost whitos and blacks can but unito and so- curo tho eloction of an honost Logislaturo, im« poachmont would soon rid the Stato of Usurper Kellogg and his crow, and Louisians would bo rodeowed, This demands union, not soparation, of tha two races. Neithor can offect it alone. THE ENGLISH CENSUS OF 1871. The number of British subjoots in all parts of tho world is, according the last official consus, 934,762,693 This vast number embraces all va- riction of the human family from the Anglo- Saxon to the Kuquimaux, The English posses- slons covor on aggrogato arca of 7,769,449 8quare miles, or snaugh to make forty Statos of tho alzo of Frauce. It has in Europe a suporil- oiul oxtent of 131,730 squaro wilos; in Amorica, of 8,486,004 in Afrioa, of 236,860; in Asis, of 064,085 sud {n Ocoanles, of 2,900,722, Grent Britain sud Ircland have & population of 81,845,879, hosides which tho Empire has in Lurope a population of 176,218, The English colonfoa in Amorioa havo & population of 8,789, 660; in Coutral Awmerics, of 1,063,886, In South America it hes a population of loss than 200,000 British India has & population of 191,- 307,070, distributed among 487,061 villagos. Brit- ish India has fiftoon oltios with about 100,000 in- habitants, In Australis, England bas 2,000,000 subjects, 1t appears from the returns of the census that the population of tho United Kingdom has doubled in sovenly years, Tho increnss Las not boen tho same in all parts, It has overywhere keph paco with the increaso of the supply of Ia- bor. InEngland, whore the demand for lsbor Las been groatest, the population has almost troblod. In Scotland it has doubled. In Ireland it fs statiopary, In 1801 the population of Iro- land wos 5,216,381, According to the Isat consns it is 5,412,877. The incresso of tho populstion from 1821 to 1831 was 15 por cont; from 1831 to 1841, 18 por cont; from 1841 to 1861 8 por cont; from 1851 to 1861, 18 por cont; and from 1861 to 1871, 14 per cont. Tha caugo of tho decline in the rate from 1841 to 1851 was tho cholera and the potato-rot. ‘The omigration from Great Britain batween 1861 and 1870 waa 1,674,504, Some of tho matriage statistics given In the «census roport are not o little strange. In En- gland and Wales,betwoon 1861 and 1871,the num- ber of malos marricd at tho agoof 15 was 35,- 200, and the numbor of feranlos 164,098. Whon tho consus was takon thoro woreof ¢hese 12 widowors and 112 widows. Thore wero more wmarriages at tho age of 20 than at any other age. 'he number of mnlos marriod at that ago wau 554,124, and of fomalos 669,917, To theso numbers must be added 8,678 mon and 5,196 swomen married o second time ab tho ngo of 20, Eightoon old bacholora and two old maids engaged in matrimony at the ago of 75; besides 857 widowers and 45 widows. There wero nlso T old bacholors and 2 old maids married in England at the age of 80, and 120 widowers end 9 widows, Thoro wore 77 cagsos in which the woman was 40 years oldor than her husband, aud 36 cases in whioh the dif- ference reachied 60 yoars. Tho cases in which womon havo married mou very much older than thomselvos aro more numoerous. Thus 2,036 womon had married mon 40 yoars older than thomselves ; 658, G0 yoars older, and 88, 70 yoars older. Four-fifths of all tho marriages wers con- tracted Lotweon the ages of 20 and 80. The av- erage ago for males wus 25, aud for fomalos 24, To every hundrod Eunglish martied womoen between tho ages of 16 and 65 thoro aro born an- nuaily 23 children. In 1871, there were con- trncted 180,112 marrlagos, T'on yoara bofore, tho number was 103,700 On April 2, 1871, thero wora 8,672,011 couplos living togothor, and 376~ 516 casos in which thoy lived apart, 65,164 of those boing husbands ongeged in the army or oavy. The sverage duration of married life was 25 yoars, In 1871 thoro was no porson living in England who lind boen marvied earlier than 1802. Of tho 74,608 marrizgos contracted in that yoar, all but one was dissolved by tho death of one or both parties. Thore wore 283 cases whoro married life had lastod aixty yoars, and 0,757 in which it Lad lnated ffty. In 1801 thore woro in England 158 parsons fo tho aquaere wllo; in 1871, 890, In tho duys of Elizabeth thero wero only 83, There woro in the Uniled Xingdom 81,159 blind pooplo. There was cne bliud porson to overy 1,105 of the population, and 1,968 persons blind from birth, Tho numbor of idiols was 29,462, and ofingano 09,667. It took in 1871 about 840,000,000 to support the paupers of England, The lzst English consus {s the moat elaborate and minute ever takon in any country, ] The Chicago produce markets woro more {rreg- ulgr then usual yosterdsy. Mews pork was modorately active and woals, but olozed 35@300 por brl higher, at $10.76 cncl, and $19.02%@ 10,06 sellor August, Lard was lusctive and vominally unchanged st $11.07)(@11.40 eash, and §11.40@11.45 seller August. Mloats wore in good domand aud strongor at 7o for shouldars, 93go for short xibs, 9570 for short oloar, aud 11@ 11340 for mwoot-ploklod bams, Highwines wore quiot and Srmor, at 0o per gallon. Lake trolghta woro dull and unchanged, at 8ife for ourn to Buffalo, TFlour waa qulet sud un- olanged. Wloat wan leas solive, aud olosed 1340 lower, at @L145¢ oash, 9100 sellor August, and 31.19)¢ for No. 3 Minnosota, Corn wae sotivo snd umobsnged, olosing wosk at 81l ensh, aud 6lo wollor Auguot. Oats wore active and }@1u higher, closing at 483{@é00 oauh, 46x¢o seller ihe month, aud 8430 soller August, Rys wad In Qemand ab 000, with none offered. Buldy was sdslve sud omiles, Slualngsd @180 mollor Boptembor. On Haturdsy evening last thore was in store in this city, 1,808,204 bu wheat; 3,007,094 bu corn; 140,008 bu oate; 6,403 buryo ; and 4,704 bu barloy. Hogs wero quiot and avoraged 100 lowor, Prlcon were irrog- ular, with solos at §5.60@6.40, Ositlo were quict and steady, Bhoop in domand af ad- vanced pricos, salos making at $3.50@5.02%¢ for common fo choice. ————y CONCERNING MILEAGE AND SALARITS, Taasa Crry, Tows, July 13, 1874, To the Zilitor of The Cicago Tribunas 8im: Oan you publish the miloage of the prosent Congreas; or, it not, can you fuform us in Iows whire wa can got the daslred information 7 Waalto want some fuformation fn rogard to the amount of ndvancad pay drawn by the prosont Con- gress, as the peoplo do not underatand this question of advancod pay, Truly yours, Jomx Greaonu, . ANSWER, ."The Congrossional salary act of 1860 provided for the aunual pay of membera at (he rate of £5,000 ench, milonge to be paid extra, Undor this aot tho miloage of Iowa mombors (aix) in the Houss of tho Forty-second Congross, 1871~ '73, was 28 followa s Hiles, Amount, Aylelt T, Cotte: 98 $1,1T40 illiom @, Don; ,100 20, deorga W, cQrary. 1091 BT Jnckion Orr, 102 1,430.40 Frank W, Paimy 450,00 Madlson "W, Walden 142440 These miloage aeconnts aggrogato $7,162, and tho salary account of members, at tho rate of $£5,000 per year, would have boen, for these six Tows mombors, two yoars, §00,000, & total of 867,163, pay and miloage. But, bofore sattling at this rato, under the taw of 1806, tho Forty- socond Congross passed tho salary sot of March, 1873, Incressing the salary to 7,500 and “nocessary travellng oxpouses.” 'This aob bolng retronctive (back-pay), the eix Towa mewmbors booame entitled to a sum of $90,000 in gross, in liou of the 807,162 old pay and milesge, Cortain of them refunded; others did not; the total of tho grab was over $1,000,000; the in- Qividual Towa membor's share avaragod $3,800. The samo Congreys that dovised tho salary aot of March, 1878, provided in another act (nod sloco repenled) for the monthly pay of mom- bors, oven in advance of their electiongor of their taking thoir seats, Each memborof the now (Forty-third) Congress, therofore, recaived tho sum of 85,025 as advance psy before the wosaion bogan, last Docomber, and ench drew, in addition, for *“necossary traveling expenses " in going to Washington. The Tows membors ro- colvad advance payand traveling expenses ns follows: Traveling Advancs ‘espoaen, pay to Dee. Aglett B, Cotton, 5,625 Willism G, Donnan, 6,025 Jobn A, Kasson, 5,626 Willism Loughridge 5,025 Goaigs W. McGrary, 5,628 Jamos W, NeDill 5,028 Jackson Orr, 5,035 Menry O, Prat 5.635 James Wilion, .. 5,628 The salary act of Maroli, 1878, was ropealed in January, 1874, but mnmbers drew and retained tholr pay under that act toJan, 23, 1874, and hava sinco boen pald at the old rate of $5,000 per annum, The scsslon of Coogress, beginning in Decembor, ended Juno 22, 1874—n little less than seven months. Tor attendsnce at thim aegsion the avorage momber haa boen paidas follows : Taid {n adyance to December, 1873 Paid from Doo, 1, 1873, to Ja tho kalary act of 1870 .v.. covers veee 1,028 Pald from Jan, 23, 1874, 1o June 23, undsr the revised act of 1800.. 8,570 10,220 Total to end of first session To this sum should be added whatover was drawn for nocossary traveling oxpenses in going to Washington. Tho mombers paid thelr own way home, but for this onco only. Tor the prosent the salary goos on at the rate of $5,000, payable monthly, and the miloage system comes in use again next wintor, Qur correspondent will find jn the Qon- gressional Record for March 20,1878, s full offictel atatoment of the mileage account and traveling oxpenses of membora from which we Liave quoted. HBEA-SHORR CORBESPONDERCI. Thero is » way of advertising discoverad, or rathor improved upon, by the New York Express orits correspondent 2t Long Branch, which can- not but recommend itself to the artistic tasto of the publio. Hencoforth advortising will be ons of tho fino arts, We rocollect roading some time 2go the notice of a Spanish sosp-vendor's denth, The notico was written by the widow of tho de- ceagod. Bhe {nformed the public that hor dear senor had doparted this lifo affer s short but very painful illncss, with groat. faith in Qod and the Lope of the resurreo- tion, bewailed by his childron and lament- ed by his disconsolate widow, who would con- tinuo to carry on hor late husband's business and supply the public with soap aud candles at No. 42 Calle Bo-and-so, Madrid. The Erpress corrospondent faan adept in this kind of litera- turo. Hoe writes from Long Branch. At Long Branch ia tue X—— Hoowo. Tho X— Houso ia not hankerod after by tourists. Rooms are not engaged In the X—— Houto a month, or two, or thres, in advance, Tho X— House in fact might just as well be in tho moon orin the tail of tho comot as at Long DBranch, ea far e fame is concorned. How to let the world know that the X—— House oxiats, and exists 2t Long Branch, that is a problem. Why write from Long Branoh that thero was a fire in the X— Houss! Tha houss in which thore was a fire must oxist, That's as plaln aa the nose on » man's face ; &lnco, 1f the X—— Mouso did not oxist, thera could beno firain it. Honoe the corrospondent of the Express writes thal there was afiro inthe X—— House, Having done which, and as thero wea no firo at all thero, he adds thats ** young man at the X— Houss caught fire, that 18, thot his cont-tallydid." Hers the corrospondent might Lave remarked that aaid cont-tails wore exquisitely finished, having been manufactured by Fsototum Bartor, the Ling of merchant clothiers, in his Imporial tailoring ostablishment on the Bowery. But, as tho fame of the X—— Houso wos not established, our correspondent continues that thore was an oxhibition of billiarda thero, in which A, B, snd @ participatod—the name of the makers of the billized tables is not given—and that after tho oxbibition wes over the conteating partion ad- journed to & drug-storo—Y.’s—as badly in neoed of advertising aw the X—— 1louse, there to alake thoir thirst with the coolest soda in the world, for which, of caurdo, Y.'s {8 famous, Mr. D,, the vetoran porformer, was at the Z— Houso; his powders, and oroamns, and soaps werae all institutionsat the Branch, and whatever female beuuty was thera to be soon was dus to the fact that Dr, D, lived, moved, and had in- vented powdors, oreams, and soaps for the manu- facturo of lovolinesu, Blr, F. was thoro, and was ko a woman in his taste for perfumery, He could not ba without s box of Dontauzy; snd all themen and women from Malae to Callfornia used Dosteury to an astonisbing sxtent, Ar, B\, lke wyary other houss-owner—wa préaunia My, P, wag 8 buusownan~ind add b & s o “ Bhavoall's “ Perdltion Powders,"—proparations wlhioh wore for tho atable what Killall's prepara~ tous nre for the famlly, The Onoe-Hundred-nnde Firat Toxan Roglmont was to mesn witls the Bloods alls duslng tholr atay at Long Branch, and Cape May was mad in conkequence, It struck & Now Yor)tm‘-‘ vory eirongly thatT.'s styilsh bints, 80 fashioniable on Broadway, were not more worn ab the nen-shoro, BUlll thoeo who did wear the T, hat wero rocognizod at onco as gontlemen, Tho Express haa an enterprialng correspondent at the mea-sboro, It is well for thio X— Houne and T.'s hats that it hoa, Aftor the letter bofore us appearod in tho Ezpres, what » tush thora mned bave been for M.ty Dats, the X—— Houss, that druge storo, and that coolost soda in the world; what & domand for Dontsuzy and Perdition Pawdsrs{ ‘Wo expoct to read in the Ezpress shortly thay Geon. Grant {s st Long Branoh; that holooks oxe coodingly well ina flne summor sult made by tho fashiouable tallor, Mr. G., smoking » 25 cont oigar purohaned at Mr, K.'s real Cuban es- tablishmont, and driving s magnificont toam,with & oarringe, the manufactura of Mr. K., the greate eat earrfage-maker in tho universo, the harnost living boon presented to himby Mr. Sadler, the nonpareil manufavturer, doing buslness at No. G601 Picklo atroot ; and that an immonse crowd of gontlemon wearing the T. hat, and of ladics benntifled by Mr. D.'s croams, psstos, and pers fumos, aro gazing et him, —————— Postmastor MoArthur, with commendable promptness, bas takon the Honore Building, cor~ ner of Dearborn and Adama streots, for the new Poat-Ofics. This is an excollont location, being convoniont to businoss and diractly facing the new Post-Oflice building now In course of come atruotion. ————— ‘This ago {& nothing if not intornational. Exe positions, ball-matches, arbitrations, and boat races,—all aro intornational, The Internations Mothodist camp-mesting, howaver, seoms to be tha Iatest thing in this lino, aud from the resultq anticipated will probably be important fn the history of Mothodism in this country, The toe nacity with which the Church olings to the tradle tlon of an omotional pionic, during whioh time the narvous aystem is doranged by the cramping and privations of a protracted ocoupation of tonts, to bo roused Into violent and abnormal naotivity through the influence of the rostram, hina long boon & subject of untriendly comment. Many of the modern thinkers of the denominae tlon aro opposing the practice. The prosont oo= oasion, howover, diffors from the ordinsry wood- worehip funsmuch aa the individual boneflt in suvordinato to tho question of Church polioy. The objoot i to bring about a fusion of the dife forent Wosloyan denominations npon s footing of general equality. Tho trysting place 8t Round Lake will bo & rendezvous for 10,000 persons, oxclusive of more ourions visitors, and tho difforent branchos of faith will be brought togothor wvravious to their absorption into the Metnodisd Eplscapsl Ghurch. Thie ecclesiaatloal confod= oration is not unlike the rocent unifleation of QGermany., Tho latter has succeeded in torrifye ing Europe into apparont peaso snd actual exe chiement. It is not improbable that othor de~ nominations will follow tho example of tha Mothodists, though what posaible objeot is to ba obtained by it, save n cessation of pulpit hoatille tios, is not very cloarly manifest, Pceunisrily considerad, tho Rouud Lake International Mothe odist Camp-Meoting will probably bs s greap success, and the Churoh peustoners of the Troy Conforence will bo tho benoficluries. —_—— ‘The Contennial Commissjonors, having boex baulked in their raid upon the National T'reasus ry, have gone to work In a rational manner te eroot their Exposition building oo & leus expens sivo plan by private subacription. They bave appointed Gon. H. 8. Lansing, formerly meme Dbor of the Organizing Committeo for the Weat, sa Auditor of the Doard of Finance. The Phila~ dolphia Press thus notices the appolntments “Tit Centonnial Toasd of ¥inases, at ther sty on Aonday, elacted Gen, 1, §, Lanying Auditor, cluima and bills against’ the Uoard, bofore paymenty will hereaftor bo examined by bim, and all accounts, hofare sottiomont, must be audited by that ontlema Qen, Lausing s Leon In the employ of the I during the pust year, ongaged priucipally {n the wor! mma of organiziug Centennful Commitioes {n the Htater, and §t fs oxpoctod that good resulta 1nwnifestod during tho present yosr, Hels well knowy in business cireles, and was for’ a long timoe & Dani Kxemiuor, The Lourd of Finance Lave no systemac tized their affairs that thore can bo no posstble delay oo 1u the prosoention of thir great work, which has b commenced with such great energy. Gon. Lansing is 80 well and favorably known that it Is bardly nacesaary for us to say thatne otler appointment could be more satistsotory in thoe West. His dutics es organizing agent in the West will now dovolve npon ex-Gov. Willlam Biglor, The thrilling ballad of nautioal misadventare, ontitled *The Cruise of the Nanoy Bell,” has beon reahized, sccording to the Denver Nuws, juo the Ban Juan distriot. The narrator of the balind sots forth that be is & cook anda Oaptaln bold, aud tho crew of tho Nancy brig, snd & Losun tight, sud a midshipmite, and the orew of tho Captalu's gig, all of which iahighly sensae tfonal, xud explnined ouly atter the manner of tho Nows, The atory goos thata party of six mon atartod out on & 400-mile tramo, but, aftor day or 8o, felt hungry, Bo exhousted did they become that one of them deliborately died and furnishedfood fortheothers: that second gave in just In time to keep thio lardor supplied {thnt the third, fourth; sud fitth wore similarly disposed of, until tho survivor represented, in sort of corporato capacity, his five friends, 1f the chops and stoaks of the departed five woro aa tough 88 this narrative, we are bound to oxpress our surprisa that the surviver ls a survivor. We rocommand tho atory o tha Alliance editorial oxoursion parsy, sud suggest to such of the exoursionisis as are young sud tender the danger to which thoy are expoalng thomaelves, —_——— When & man recelvos s lotter sssuring him In the losst ambiguous torms that his presonoa in & community {6 really injurious, oughs he to be pavage? Tako the onse of Maf, Callioun, editor of thie Columbus (Ga.) Enguirer, Binos blaarrival in that blossed Biate, M}, Oalboun has boon the reciplent of e many polite notos ao & hand- £ome sctor or & iraveling Princo of tha blood. Theus lotters were uot uniformly fattering. Some of them wore plensantly snggontiva of tar apd foathors; othors hintod at rapid transit in s northerly direotion; others oontained insulting stlusions to his wife and family. Judging from thelr opistles that the average oltizena of Columbus were lacking in certsin moral qualitis, Msj. Oalhoun procsods to reply in & peppery artiole on Southern chivalry, of whioh he writes in terma of ssvere akeptlcism. As s mattor of faot, the chivalry whivh takes form in insulting lottors is soarcely somparable with the heroic spirit of the by-gone sgeim which that word was eolned. Philadolphis has gone {nto the moral business of brigandage, Tha newapapers are Adisousning = cage of kiduapping by brigands with & visw to tho rensomlug of the atolen ohildren. The wpocial case in point relates to the seizure ot s obild whose paront, on the sudden lmpulve of the moment, sucounibed to parontal fustinot and rausomed bis offepriug at onco. The World suggosta thot in such osses & parent should re- membar that no harm would coour to the child, since todolt harm would be todiminish the chinaces of rausom snd inorosss those of dutaos A roliglous paper, the Wilness, eomes forward with & suggestion to punlsh th brigands withs the oat-o-nme-talle, The wg- gostion is & strange ons eoming from i wourosj bub the experlences of the English Government have tanght that the stripen of the oab are mare efMusoluns n stisk sases Aaan Saosd of he penitautiary unliosse