Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 4, 1874, Page 4

ADULTERATION:- How ' That Interesting. Art Is Fracticed, Views of Prominent Grocers on the Sutbject. They Olaim that' Consumers- Want Cheap Artioles, And” Adillieration Is'the’ Only* Way 1o Furnish* Them. tésults of Dri I M: Male's Aualyses of ‘Teas ' Why 'Old Maids, Have -Parchment- Colored Faces. 9 Manufacture: of IMoney .in tho Comb. Piiré Mustard an- Article Unknown' to the Trade. Currant-Jelly. Adulteration of foad is a very old subjoect, but, 16'long ne mortals must oat, -is ever an Interest~ Iog ono. Thore are times whon the ‘poople’ are soized with o ponic of indigiiation” against deal- srs in drugs ond in grocerios, partioularly tho fatter. When tho head' of o family pays out mouoy for wholetome food, ke expects the full value of, his cash, and is, naturally, chagrined to find that he bas boon shometully desived. Innland like ours, where broadstufis are al- ways plerity, tho tomptation s not in the direc- vion of adultorating” tlour of meal. Tho art {8 most practiced in our importod commoditics, espeainlly tons, coffees, sugars, and spices, Ag these bave becomo sbsolute neceasnrios to every family in America,'the demand is great, and tho wupply pretends to bo'equul’ to that deniand, in qudntity if not in quality. But, onco'in a while, tug popular voico is upraised in complaint, and WOFUL TALES OF DISHONEST MIXTURES are told. Teople begin to think that they are boing subjected to a spocies of elow-poison, and grocers, wholsualo and rotail, are’consigned to repose whero the Fourth of July, In temperature, fu perpotual. Thus, our boys in the army used to'swear at tho beef andeall it, not elegantly but cmplatically, *ealt-horso,” The coffco, thoy dcolared, was nothing moro than split-pen soup, very tliih and muddy at that, As for tea, thoy very eoldom fudulged in that boverage, unless in the hoapitals, and 1t escapod o nick-uamo. To- day, ulthough thora 18 no war, TEOPLE ARE OROWLING HEAVILY ebout the poor trash, in tho shape of groceries, which they very frequently got. bold of, ‘Thoy sy that tho groon-ton is colored on copper- plutes, which maxes it noxt door to a deadly poj- son; that leaves, which hayo been aircady W drawn,” nre redriod, and subjected to s colortug process, which rendors thom biack and dendly; that genuine tean can hardly be obtained at the rotall grocories, and that tho wholesals houscs rre not auy better in the way of supplying a good arliclo than thoey should be, IN THE LINE OF COFTEE, _ everybody knows that chiccory is largoly mixed witl.thut favorite morning boverage, and it is to bo -doubted whethor in- any uity restaurant really pure coffea can be obtained at'all, But "~ tho wvory -nature of the drink, - or, Tathier, of tho borry fram which it is decoctod, makes it impossible to ronder it poisonous, Chiccory is not harniful to human health, and gome epicures usgert that o littlo of tho articlo mixed with the coffco improves tho flavor In the matter of aplit-peas or drisd beauw, thero is not 50 much ecutnsfi. ‘Thoy canuot llavor, ond their presonce can be dotocted by the vorlost tyro who ever graduated at o fifth-rato boardivg- tiouse. Modern art oy, however, managed to Imitate the coftee, even 48 it appours iu tuo boan, -ond & novica could bardly detect tho diflercuce. A poculiar kind of pasto, mixed with ground chiccory, and other ingredients, i8 compounded Ly tho operators, and rau iuto molds eo perfect that, to tha inoxperienced oye, the difforotce bo- tween the uatural and artiticial cofes, fua greon - stato, s nctually undiscoverable, Whothor this peculier discovery of the adultorators has yot fouud its wny to Chicago is & matter thet admits of sowo doubt. i srICEa are now used by all classes of Ameriean soclety, more or less, “Mustard and peppor canuot bo aisponsed with, which, doubtioss, is & reason why * tkeoy ure more alloyed with foreign material than . any othor kind of pungant matter, Mavy of the Ingrediouts used to adultorate ground spicos aro porfeclly innocuous, wbilo gthors, if uwsed in largo quantitios, aro almost murderous in their teudouncios, Modorn science, nided by the mioco- seope, hins done much to check tho evil of adul- teration which in England, jusc bafore our war, eprend to such an extent as to call for TAKLIAMENTARY INTERFERENCE, Not alono did: tho system of cheating sxtend to the luxuries but also to the necessaries of lifo Drugs were so alloyed that the revelations made by tho London ZLancel startled the peopls of Great Britain, and produced a storm throughout ihe igland, A lnw was passed compelling diug- gists 10 sell pure materiuls, under poualty, aud manufugturera of ,ground 'coflee, Kpicos, eto. ‘wero obliged to pluco a Jubel, stating the amoun of nanlterated mixture, in tho cases containing ihoir goods, This hud a very good effect, and :lm u:ixl wan cheokod, although by no meuns orud- catod, : FLOUR AND MILE were algo tampored with to such an extont that “ buiter's bioad " was regarded with abhorrence, aud milk was looked upon as little better than water colored with eome chalky matorial, In s0mo of our own largor citios this business of adultorution was earried to n E:rm oxtont, but, fortunately, the shrewdners of tho sustomers aid much to bufllo the dishouest denlers, who wore publicly branded with thoir crimo, and, in many casen, wore compelled, for Inck of trade, to sus- peud buginess altogether. . Btill, thera can be no doubt that, even at this day, the'paople are pay- ing thoir monoy for stuff which fs noxt door to worthloss, if not sbeolutely harmful, Of courso, thero aro very many houorablo oxcoptions amang ourlarge aud small traders, ‘bul, where there iy so much complaing, thore must be & rad- Jeat causo, — FRANKLIN MACVEAGH. A Trimuxs repotter way dotatled yosterday af- ternoun to sce somo of the loading grocery-men of the city—and others who have made a spocialty of tho subjoct—and put s fow ques- tions Lo them rolalive to the practice of adul- toration, ho firat gontleman intoryiowod wns Mr. Franklin MacVoagh, hoad of tho well-known firm which boars his namo. Mr, MacVeagh was busy In his private office, inspocting ponderous looking bills, whon tho re- porter calied and statod his busine: THE WIHOLEBALENE, Mr. MaoVeagh—Woll, I Lave Leard somo of this complaint, but I guess it can't bo agalnat our largo houses. 1t is to thoir interest to soll tlie beat gooda they can get hold of, Roportor—It {8 protty generally bolloved, how- ovor, that the largo houdes aro not eutlrely blamoless in the mattor, Mr, MacVoagh—I can't see why thoy shionld be accusod. You soe, all tho adultoration is done in the wlls, whera coffeos and spices are ground. We get thom in the hnrriv' h Tho biggost fool n town could discovor & bugus article, if sold that way. TALEH TO COUNTRY-DEALERS, Tieporter—Dut you have ditforout grades of, gootts. You kol ‘{uferlor qualitios to couutry- dealers, who sell thein ovor ut profit? 3l MaoVeagh—Wo sell what lYloy call for, It thoy want first-class goods, they cun_have thom by puying thoe price. Wo prefor to do that kind ol "businoss. 1f thoy want a’cheapsr artlclo, thoy cau huvo it at a smaller price, We are nof rosponsible for what they do aliérwards, J{upurmr—bn you supposo they kcll second- elius stovk b firat-class profit ? 0 JTANY POUNDS FOU A DOLLARL, r, MucVengh—"hat deponds on thelr con- grsnca; but Lthink suchu plan wonld bo dans aouu for thom, Hurejsbow I look at the and soll them in that’ matter; - In'tho West; tho :ayatem in-to sell so mny ,?uuudn tur a dollar, We do 10t BRy Bugar nA'nitzh & poitld; or ¢6/fos’ 8o -much “a' pottiil, but :v6 eny so mauy: pounds for. 81, or Ior #10,,0r for nuy- amount that, may be noces- sary, Voiywoll, . Tho. ratail minn will begin by | rolling, say, four ‘pounds of ¢offdo fdr ‘§1. Tho covsttntor will, porhiphy 11y {0 oconomize,"and winy ‘ask fonr 8 it ‘powrida’ “at~ the sAme - & Joss, and must adulterato, Ho must mix. with ' chiecory, or aplit pens,, or, somo othor stufl of that kind, 80 a3 lo give " the customer'chenp ‘cof- feo,"utid, nt tha sano time, eave himsole,' BUIPLY AND DEMAND, © Reporter~Then you think that tho supply of bonn flap groceries is regulatod by the domand Jor thom ? e 5 i * Mr. MacVongh~Tii hoat cavds, um}\lunummlfly. Thno man who selléva” getrntio ‘urticlo ot r'high price makes'Jnst n much v8 the man- 'who sells abnd articlo at e lower figure.: In the first place, firet-class customers oiil not liave inforior goods. They ean detect the spurious n\:{)ply i mediatoly, ‘Ilie man who'cally for good coffen, or for good tea, expects. to pay. for it If the rolniler. gota coffee nt 20 cents o round, bo ox- Jeets to.make 5 conts npon It, and’if he expenda 26 conts for & pound, he-must huve tho eame mArgin, 8o you #oo this Lueinoss of adulteration |- is vory ofton as miten tho fanit of .the consumer ns of tho vender, TEA. * Roportor~-Does tho same rule apply es re- gardu tons ? . . o f Mr. MaoVeazlhi—Yos, but It is iarder to adul torate toas, 'fl:ey‘cumu hoto direcv from Chit or Japan, -The wholosalo places con.‘(l,pol. think of ndulteration; . if thoy wero wo: inclived, ' for thoy eonld not Liopo to make auything by t. Heporter—1hen, you think tiiat tho milis snd tho retnil men aro ciiotly responsiblo? b Mr. MacVesgli—If thord Is any responsibility, in'tho mattor, I thinlkso, Now, tho surcst way to' get good totlao ia to bu{u groon, and bun it ot nome, uging your own Jaid-mill. In any eapo it should not b roasted niore . than threo weoks beforo being used, Inlways have myown oot~ feo burued and ground “at*home. That is the proper way to do it. BPICES, R Reportor--What is your expericneo relativo to tho adultoration of spices ? Mr. MacVeagh—Whale spices cannot be adul- terated. Ground sploes can be, vory ensily. As in all other olasses of-goods, thoro ire differant grades of quality in spices, which fs woll known to the trade, * They uso, in aduiterating ground spices, sume of tho-utrangest things, Aftor the \{"-r somo firms engaged in tho mauufacture of epper bought up all tho **hard-tack” that was eft,'and put it into the mills, with inferior pep- per, ndding ‘cayenno whenover the absonce of pungency was too conspicuous. They usod. it for mustard, too, with moro success. Black field poas aro veory frequently ground up with poppor, You may havo conio'soross samo_ light-complox {oned peppor 1n some of our restaurants, That's thoatust, 1 guess. It will nover givo anybody the dyspepsin, e mustard is’a chip off tho same blook. G Reporter—So the blame in these cases, too, rests with the mills ? % Mr, ‘MacVongu—Yes. If peopla would buy their mpico whole, they'd find o ditforont stato of things; but they will not pay the price, and then comJflnin because thoy cannot ‘get first-claes gaods at a low figure, e J DR. B, M, EALE, The subject of ten and ity many impuritics led o reporier to tho oflicd of Dr. E/ M. Ilale, No, 66 'I'wenty-second strect. Dr, Halo has already created some stir amoug ten denlors by his pointed’ waruings to ‘thé poople, and has for many years dovoted his'time to the study of the subjoct. Tho convorsation theb océurred 'was about as follows: : Reporter—You Lave epont much timo In atudy= ing up tho subject of adulterated tea? REABON FOR THE INVESTIOATION, Dr. W.—Yeca. What first induced moto Investi. gato thoquatter was this : X cousuwme a great denl of ten, and have doue o for years. 1 found my- solf suffériug at ono’ timo ‘from cortain symnp- toms for which I could not account, and thought finally that tho composition of tue tea I was using might Do responsible for sach a condition, On oxamination, I discovered ny fears well- founded. 'The‘tea contained “cortuin substances which ‘opers ted powerfully on the nervous sys- tom. Binco'thon Lhavo been at uo small pains to wurn my pationts and, tho public st luige ngainst cortin qualitios of tew, JOW TO DOCTOR. T.—What are the priucipal mothods of doc- toring ton ? - A Dr. II.—Thorg are soveral, Iore is one from Tortgiuo's “ Chiiieuo,” pugo 2137, 9 Canton pujoys tho unenviabiv at xloty.of manufac turing what aro commonly eatiod” #lie teas,” or *lio capors.” Thexo are mado out of tea~diist mized SWith otiser rubbish, and whicl §8 taken up and held together Ty n glatinons substanco cousisting of rice und water, Thin showers of this substuuco are thrown over the Iuyors of dust, and an each littio” globule of the fuid «comes In contact with it a certalu vumber of particles aduore, and In_course of, timo rro mado’ into little round balls reagmbling tho * capel of comiorce, R.—Iow do Lhioy obtain (he gecen color? Dr. 1IL.—he coloiiug is i du by a mixture of prussiate of irou and twimetic, wiich combing under the influgnce of Leat, R.—1s thig neceesarily poisonous ? Dr, 1.—Noj;. theso mgiedionis aro harmlees enongth., Bub' I huve oxumined souio speoimons iu wlueh I found BCIEELE'S GREEN, A3 which in tho atscnito of coppor. This in'this col- oring matter which thoy put_into green wall pa- pary aud which produces s0 muny. disnsters 1 way, Do you romember & case of ‘poisoning two ycars ngo. on Stato street? A woman ye- tumned from her worlk _to lior home, ana partook of somo ten, Bl was feized with' vomiting and other symptoms. I examined tho tea, and found it atrongly imprognuted with this arsenitc of copper, fll.]——ls tho coloring done in China or in this country ? Dr H.—I will refor you onico more to Fortune, Mo uayns B One day an English gentleman {n Shanghal, belng in conversation with s ome Chiueso from tho groen-teu ked them what reaton they had for dyelug the_ tes, and whotner it would not b botter .without undergoing {his process, Thoy acknowledged that tea was wiuch better when prepared without hsving any - such ingredionts mixed with it, but ns forelgners seeits. e to prefer having o anixture of Vressian bluo end gypsum with their ten, to make i6 look uniform and retty, and'ns these Ingredicnts wero chap enongh, the Chiness lud uo ubjectivus ta supply them, ca- poclully us such tes alyuys fetcled a Ligher price, WIIERE THE POISONING I8 DONE. R.—Is_tho aisuite of ‘copper propuration n Obineso dovicoalso, Dr, H.—No. 'This doctoring’ is done in Lon- don and Now York. Tho so-called ton donlers kunow wotbing about tho ingredieuts or munu- facturer of tea. They buy of Now York aud London deulers who e regular ten-adulterators who have reduced the doctoring of tea toa goipuce, Now observe: 1 have Loro threo spocimens of tea I huppeued to purchaso to-day on the Soutls Side. < HERE 18 ONE OUEEN TEA A which cost GU cents u ponnd. | I have Infused it with” bolling water. Do you' olitervo auything peculiar about it? i R.—I see & thick green soum on the edge of the ul_ll». R Dr, H,—Vory well. This scum Iplace undor tho mioroscopo, Look st it sud {ell mo what yousge, 1t,—TQe scum nppoars, under tho' mioroscaps prico, Thé retail-denler cannot nfford tosellat | THE : : Ry=—And would drinking tow-thus - adulteratod prodico the samo offuot 7 Dr. IL—I nttribute’tliat- peouliar parchment- 1iko comploxion of -cénfirmad old monlds: to this vory habit' of "drinkibg: tes " adultdrated wich black-load, 2 ANOTIIER TEST, ' R—Whint {8 this spocimen: hero, marked 00 conts? g > D H.~It is on Oolong ten, which I pur- chaded ontho' South smg. Tagto [t 5 liko it ? Reminds doesn't it? Very I will put s undér the mioroscope, What ‘dous it look ltke? Blm—q\ dull, light-brown, opaquo, leathery sub- anco. Dr, M—Thnt {8 not & ton-leaf 'af all.” Itia nothing but an ordliary willow-leaf.’ I donot be- liove ‘tuero la a single' -(iomlluo ton~lont in'tho; wholo cupiul,—nov ona, " If thoro Is o singlo Tont' of the'trug ‘plant hero, it is the refuse of sohio hotel, Do tho'hotels ol thelr rolisb ton-loaves- (liomi ' I'know thoy do in”New York aud Lion- on, 3 R.~—T do not know about tlint; thelr con- solonces must bo uncasy it they do. -7 ENazIBit BlEaREAST TiAS, G i 70 cont ton s an Iuglish broak- : You olkorye this leafs fu"le tho gen- uine ton-leaf; and thia samplé is o vory fatr toa bod for tho thoney. Tho Englisli-bronkfast ten. a'tlio Jorist adiltorated ju “the “murket, for tho rentbn that Eviglish ° paople ‘do ' not : drink " any othur kind, Thdy will not allow it 1o be tampor- ed witl, uud for this Teuson'1t'is” comprravively - pure. MR Foy R.—Which do'you coneidor the more whole-. somo toa - 5 Dr.'IL.—Black ton, for thedo roasons : Tirat, It {a less ndultorsted thatf groon; secondly, to bring out : tho rull flavor and ‘full “alintontary * property of black:ten, it roquires more Btoeping than'gishy. At a dortnin tomporature 'théine, the detive prin- ciple of tas and " coflos, " is'volatile, ‘and ‘oscanes, Ilenico, tho ton betonies loss pdtent in its offacts. upon * tho 'nerves by long iufusion. If*you boil - bfixck tea & certain amount ‘of- it is‘lost, ‘whereas in drinking preon tew’ you'take in ail tho thoine, or nearly ally iuto your cironlation, TIHEINE." R.—Aud theino is » nerve-stimulant ? Dr; I—A man who drinks' such ‘a ‘stimulaut can do moro ‘work.-than & min who does not; ‘but the reaction comes, and briugs with'it a cor- tuln nervous doprossion. R.=~As with aleohol ? Dr. H.—As with aleohol'; but with this dlfTor- ence, thore aro no known eases of organio lasion an the resultof tea-drinking, while with aloobol wo'liave many euch—softony ng of the braln, ‘dis- cases of tho liver, oto. . " R.—Then you recommend bolling greon tea as woll as'black ? £z Dr., 1L.—Cerlainly, if peopla aro to drink'green tea lot thom . boil 1t first, " They will not dd so, : however, bocanso thoy say theit (o boil ton is” to destroy its tasto. - Fhors is, howover, ANOTLMER STRONG’ AIWTUMENT . in favor of purae tea, which has’ escaped the ob- servation of moat poople. In (lhitn, after the’ liquid tea 1s consuraed, thonativ.ss cat the loaves with sugar or salt.” The ten-lom’ -unliko those that aro substituted for it, coutains ‘fn' propor~ tion flve times ns much nutriment as ‘eabbngo. So that'by throwing mway ton-lenves poopleab- rolutely throw away thoir food. . TEA-LEAVES, R.—What is left fu’the'tea-lenves that can nourish tho systbm ? . 4 Dr. H. - 8tarch in largo quantities is left, It would bo just a8 rationsl to take fresis boef, pour a littlo boiling water over it, steop it for five or ten minutes, drivk the Lroth, und then throw away the beof, us to throw away the toa-leaves, The toa-lenf is o blessing, Besidea the theine and tamiin, it contoins gluton which. forms ono- fourth of the wood of the leal. Tho tea-lear is a8 nourishing ns the bean; whose virtuws as food aro so mitch moro gencrally recognized. Hove is s comparative table: Tea leaves. Beans, Wator..c.ooee. 5 14 Starcl, gum, efe, o7 8 Glitten, v to2s a Fab.,. E 2 Taniic acid, 15 - usk or wo 20 1 Ash, & - 10 100 Looked at in that light we ought to hrve good . ten for meat us well a8 drlul, - ‘Ihe poor ought to bo told how nourishing tho tod-lonf is. I’ addition to'these statomonts, D) handed to tho reporter'‘tha followi many lotters received by him relating Jurlous ofTccts of poor tea on the heart: Dear Docton : Your communication to tho' dafly papors respecting tho adulleration of teacaméto hnud 3 day or two aliice, and was 8o complotely in nccord anco with my own experisuce and observations that I will stato a case an polnt. 3 Mre, D,y aladly ubout 35 years of ago, bus becn a great sufforer with palpitation of the leart fof soveral Youes, nt times measiirably bettor, b often’no_severs s to pive ber greatalarm, Ropoited examinstions by differaut compotout phywictans have fafled to dixcover | reliablo eigua of organic disturbance. . Abont ten | months ago rho, beeawe proguant, and the troubls fentfully oxagrerated, 8bo could rost, but littleday wr’ ight, oxcopt under medicinos, ~Undor odyico, 8o, Ioft ‘off the uso of all mixed and Japan tea, and took’ only tho bast black, Ina fow duys sho was botter and hus hoen viell np to the predent timo, 'he mast murked case I huve seen, but I have met many less remarkabln, T, L, Hatou, M, D, BlinNEArors, Minn,, Juno 28, 1874, e MR, PARDEE. : A roportor interviowed Mr., Luculs {J. Pardes, successor to Sianton & Co., on tho subjoct of adulterated grocories. ; It.—You do not keep adultorated groceries, ot courso? Mr, Pardee—No, sir; we ondoavor to sell tho very best wo cau, and lead the peoplo to & botter appreciation of good groceries. MUSTARD, R.—What itema are subjectod tothe ormelest mediention ? Mr. P.—Your pardon & momont—herat is a box of Colman’s pure mustnrd. ‘Tused to suppose it was purity itself, Last winter Pariamont' passed sn act requiring that the ingrodlents of all articlos of consumption bo’ printed with the” packnge, You will find on tho'baok ‘of ‘this milstard tho following candid atatoment: ¢ . This fs & mixture of puro mustard with farins and other coudiments, R.—Is thore no pure mustard then?: Mr. P.—No, #ir, I beliove not. As'a mattor of fact, howover, pure mustard, such as I taated tn Californis, is unpalatable,” R.-—What staples do you consider most liable to ndulteration? - Mr. P.—Whisky, wino, tea, coffae, and splces. TEA AND COEFEE. R.—What {s tea odultorated with ? Mr. P.~Thore aro too many waysof doctoring ton to toll in a day. R.—And coffac ? 3 Mr, P,—Ground coilee, &8 it comes from the mill, is adultoratéd with rico, beans, “paons, chiccory, and other such natters. B.—\{'ha i8 rosponsible for this "atate of affaite ? . o ¥ P.—The mills, I suppono. ) Tow do you mauage to keqp yours.puro ? —By “grinding our own coffes and N Bpices . : : 1,—Do you roast your own coffes 2. ; My, P.—Cortainly, sud keep our own hands at work upon it. Wo'buy all grados, BrICES, ; R.—What aro spices adultorated with ? Mr, DIt in Eurd to eay,—pulverized wood maons to form a good ingredientof black popper of & chean description, }lk{: numoaaiu of biight greou jowels, vory green, ndoed, Dr. H,—~Thit color londs me to suspoct that wo Linve & speoimon of tho arsenito of coppor coloring. I now removo tho scum, aud inits | plnce will place & lont of .tho 60-contten, ro- | nurklug to i'au in tho first placo thag the genu- Ine tan-leaf hins no Lnirs on’ tho aurfavo; it is porfoctly suooth, Now what do you'sea ? 3 It (fooking through the b)‘nucglflur)—:\ brown Joaf with & number of short, straight, heir-like 1rogments on the glass, Lr, H~Then sou would conclude that this is not a gendiuo ton-loaf ? R.—Cortaiuly, If your definition, s I suppose, I gorrect. : r, IL.—This, Ishould think, is A WILLOW LEAF. 3 The leaves of tho willow,” plum, currant, and zousieborry ava all ukod ‘to adultoruto toa, Now vols at tho Jeaf sigaln, nuc'toll mo what you soe ? R.—It is covérod witl brisht irrogular spots, . , Dr, 1. ~Indleating “boyoud a doubt the pros- enco of matulllo coloring, ¢ R —1Ts this injurious? Dr, H.—Drutsiato of iron s formod of ' fron and hydrocynnio acid, When the tea fu taken iuto the stomnach, ‘the iron comblnes with the taunin, und the prussie axid s set freo 'from combiuytion, Itis thonin tho gystem,’and hay & vory injurious effoct upon thoe. norves, espe- cially the peryes of tho hourt, 1t wad thw deadly offdet whish first induced mo to examing “ten auatytically.’ COLORING DLAOK TEAS, ‘ R.—This is o groen {oa; how ‘aro binok teas . ca%;'u l[f—Wflh {ron filings and black load. R.—Aro theso injurions, too? Dr. 1,1 snonld not lika to take very much ‘bliok lead mysolf. The mon in the plumbugo mings suffor from ramnrlcable piiusdigentos, atl tho plin gradpally thickons until in " color und wubatauee it resemnbles parchment. R,—What does your white popper costin the kornsl 2 Mr, P.—TIt is worth 43 conts gold, noarly ‘50 conts curroncy: 'Then, in' grinding you must muke, allowanco for uhrlnka%n_ aud loss, and then you will tind it nearer 70 than, 60 conts for shoot cost'and latior, Rt.—And wliat is tho ground poppor gold for ? M. 1t.-=You "can -buy it anywhere frum ‘80 conts upwards, - ' R.—And blacl pepper? ., . Mr. I',—Costs ‘in" the. kornol 24 conts. You ean buy it ground for10 aents. v R.—And peoplo expoct to got Anegoods at this rato? - . 7 _Mr. P.—They,do.. They como to us and asic our prico for an articlo—ground Java, coffoo, or peppor. We foll ther aur prices, and they in- medintely” oxelaiin that thoy can gt tho kama for loss money. What can we say? Wa meroly tolt thoi wo cannot gell for loss, audif thoy pre- for, Impuro.goods thoy must_go olsewhero, -\Wo should lose our bost oustomors if wo xold aych trash_aa'is sold for grouiid cofloe, tes, ground splees, or poppor. i LOW-PRICED TEAS, " R.—DBut how do they scil tea at sych low rates where? ol & ‘-fl;&r. P.—Tho Houctiong or Tnglish broakfast ten.iu & strong; heavy tea.” It "will theroforo stand a greit doal of nuxing. There id imported from’ China s quality of toa possossing a franlt, Propossossig appearance, but not single props oty of ton. 1t sells for abou 20 coups & pound, Dy mixing thw n equal parts will e ton which ¥ells for &1 o pound, tho grocor finda himmolf with two pounds of tea worth §1.20." o can soll at 00 cents a pound without loss, and s profit will bo Jargo then, TEA-TASTERS, R.—TMow do you toll good teas? | Mr, P.—1It nny tako a man eijtht years to he s goodl Lea-tustor, 11o can tell by the duvor of tos what chop it Is, whore it oamo- from, who lins | ond'ivord'wonld rufn him' forover | We ro ros) po_fh:dl Ity in what vensol {4 came, and what its- ‘valuo ia, I.—Ars thors any auoh men‘in Ohloago? NMr, P.~Thore ‘may ‘bo: holf-a-dozon good jndrns of tea in tho oity, T am'not one of thom, 1t Is-o busines in itself,’and 'a 'thorough tone tastor aan vommand in'Now' York & salary from 806,000 a year upward, s T.—How do you managa? MriP,—I loave It to'a broker in- New York, Ha would'not dars to imposo on mo, Our cus- tomera would soon diséover an Im; ion{llonblnd he busl- noed, BAKING-TOWDER, R.—In‘tho matter of bking powdor, thore is mucladuilteration ? -Mr. P.—Yod, Daking-powdor is mads from goda aud’oronm of tartar: © Tho Intter s expon- give: ' Hoticd the powder is expanded by adding potato-flour to ingredsd fta' size, , It I8 not ko goad for bakiig, bt quits harmless,’ R.—Bte why potato-flour ? : Mr, P.~Bdonnso ‘1t is" lightbr and : cheapor, nand i3 madofor the voiy purjioss of ‘adultorating baktng-powder, . R.—=Floasant.. Any other adnltorationa? PRESERVES, E20, - Nr. P.—In tho mhtter bf pressiyes,' canned- fraits, and vegotablds, yoi will flud wator exton- sivolyusod to add'to Walght: - For Instanod, take" » cau‘of tomatood putup b‘{ ono’ “firm, " squéoze #nd paut away thyliquitl, and thoh weigh tiid pulp thatromadns.” Do the satib withtho éaiiéd tomas toos of 'andther. flrmi!'and "You ' will gat’'Uiffor- ont resnlung wolght. Water is'preify clidufy. ALS. : 80! R,-Avd what olso? Mr. P.—Evoh Castile soap Is adulterated, 1L.—Of what {8 tho pure "Cistils sdap coms' P .OF oltv oft anpostal 1, P.—Of ollve oil espocially. - Tt Instippost to dorivo its hame from &m' intriot in wh mu‘:g .olive Is grown. It is largely imituted in London aud Now, York: i Z By what? ; 3Ir; P.—By flotitions olive “oll.” Very little genuino olive oil, comparatively, is sold In' Chis cago, &, —O¢ whatlatho “lio'oll” mado, thor Mr. P.—Lard" supplies a_great "zlnalo‘“o?! it When purtfied, olanfiod, and flavored mith a lit: «tle of ‘the genuihio oll, it looka well, but ia taste-| less, dorstan Br. P.—Sugar and water, with enongh honoy tofuvor 1, 1o gonocally sold: Tadeod, it [s vory. hard to gob vurd honoy in'this part'of tho coun< bry: . R.~Is - .. mokEy, y ‘do?noy 18 cotinidorably maltroated, I'un- tho combany protection to purohasérs ? Ar, P.—Yankoo lngonnity has taketi'a jump ahead of the- honey-comb,” ‘Chioy: Lave ‘& ma- chico bywhich they slico off the hend of'the colls, - The comb is then placod uponi’ revolving' tablo, spun‘round very rapldly, snd contrifugal force throws tho honoy from its’ coll, and; at' the #omo timo, leaves. the cell intack. Tho waxen {ramo can be used thon’ with" sugar and'wator, and Jook like tho best of honoy in the world. R.—And sells a8 such? Mr. P.—Not ouly to rotall customers, but to | dealera who aro docolvod by its appesrance. 2 OURRANT JELLY, 1t.—How {8 ourrant jelly mado—of gelatine ? Mr, 1".— Bpplen whon decayed bocomo Inyalia- blo. Tho Houth Water streot merchant solla them chicap. They are bollad- with coarde sugar, snd roduced to a jelly. This, if not atron, euongh, 18 stiffonod with sulut(nn, flavored with' ourmnl.?mcc. colored, and sold a8 currant jelly. R.—Pieaso stop before you destroy my faith in mankind and groceri¢s, Do tho denlers adul- torate ogga—don's tell me; I'm afraid to hear the trath—and bagon ? M. 3. W. BTEARNS, ; of Btearus & Co., Nos, 9 to 13 Stata street, was also apokon. to, but said that ho was not ablo to givo any doflvite information relativo to' tho art of gdulterating, He knew, so far ns his flnn was concerned, that nothing but first-clasa stock -aver'wont out from thare. . MR, A, M. BLACKALT, No. 49 South Clerk tredt, was noxt intorro- %utnd. ond stated, in substance, what Mr. Mac- wagh lad alcondy epoken,’ The adulterations pragticed were ghiefly dus tothe class of custom- oret who wanted chenp stuff; and they woro go norally aupl:’uud by tho mills, which, therefore, ousiblo for any choating that might ho do.uo. He, hawevor, Liad heard nothiog about the) mattor, unloss the ordinary gossip which hnd alvrays existod, and whioh always would exist, no ma itor how Lonostly trado might be conducted. PUNGR O ADULTERATION. Inopt adulteration Our tradesmen now oxult; ‘Thoy’d kil the English Nation, Both infant and adult, In trado what lota of telekery ) In ale bow lttlo malt | Tho coffee's full of ‘chiccory, The beor 1s full of salt. For babies plump enid fl-m,- ‘Turns out upon a clrsory Tuspootion to be—starct, Maizons and Oswego .. . ... At starch withiout the bluo ; But where tho deuce will he go, Who darca such thinigs to do? Whnt though o man hos led s st Of trodars of renown? Even o Moscow medalist Tho aualyst runs down, And O Liow ead to utter , The statoment Punch s soem, Thiat ovon best fresh butter 1 mado from buttorine? Tho'truthtuil grocer nion cst— Alas| his frauds sre grosa; Neltier {s vintor Liongst Nor browor, Inter nos, 1t you would woar gray locks on 1iains that with ago wau't fall, Grow your own Alieop and oxen, Audbrew your own good ale, —_——— AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, JULY 4, 1874, Z Iait {o thid Iind, star-bannered, frod, TW humortal homo ot Liberty, - Where patriot sons snd pattiol sires Bask Ln {he.light,of Froodom'a frea ) Tmmortal day! When sages sato In conclave, council, Ligh debatog Inaudlence of & watting world, .© . . “Iio'glorious Stirs and Btripes unfarlod Gavo Libérty—unrivalod power— New.uatal morn—new trium; Wbilo raptured milllons, s, they bow, Beo Glory's sunbeams twine her bow | b torm, our; licke, deop-acarred with' battle iright alio wnvella her peerless forn “Darts quonchless rays of living.light] Diseolves the ubados of tyrant ulgut, Fliuga wide tha portals of a day Of ampire ne'er fo pase away!, O while the Orfent, once auprome,— Tiefulgent, biazing, bright her beam, Flushig swoet radiance from hier esie,— Bous atar by star grow palo and dis; ‘Whilo tho groat Grecian stars go down, And Roman suns obliviana drown . Dane, Buxow, Norman, Europe’s boast, Gono, perishad, {holr emorlals losl, No-lustro dim, right-beacouing htar, Bhlnivg from resims, from lands, aft, Fur Ylong th Atlkntica thuudoring wavo, Where deeda of Glory crown the brave, Tathe great Wostorn Goldon Sca, Bywell now loud sanga of Lilerty !, . .. Hara Truth and Honor bisrid thiels fiame Td crown the deathless patriol’s numo, Affoction's tear, in ravoreuca shed, Embalina Uie unforgotten dend, .. . ud of the brive, Lhy monntain-atrenn Grow brlght with Irredom’s Lallowed beams, Tonce, alivecrawned, with geitle pvay Drivex hatreds, dlacords, far sway, No featriofdal, rulsious sirife Wasten now the mEln precious lifo, I solomn Iague, the nation fru THeucuforth our pride be Indust Tho Norgh, the South, ths East, the Weat, With kindrod pollcles by bicsts | Our statesmen vle with patriot pride CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JULY 4, 1574 ~ITALY. The Tour from: Nice to_Tricsto- . Sights Between Milan and Venice, Bresoin and Lake @Garda--=The Bat- tle-Field of Solforino, Verona-and tho Gront Roman Ampbithentze ©~Tho Dridgo of Aveolo~ Padun, Venloe-=-The Grand Canal-«-Lott Byron -~-Gondolas: and Gondoliers " =St Mark's, Special Corvedpondencsof The Chicdgo Tribtine, 2 . VanicE, Juno 1, 1814, Atheriedn toutists tisually cutor Ttaly through Nice, in TFrance, and often Jeave it via Tricsto, in Austria, The ficst Italinn city soen {8 tho flout- isliing commofelal” senport of Genos, on iho" Moditorraisan, and tho fastlsvonorablo Vouicd, on'tho Adrlatic. This ia'thg enfree and sortie of Italy T solootod,—ponotrating s far south as tho Bay of Naples; thence northward, vis Tomo and Flotoncs; in’'Contral Ttaly, to Bolognh, In' thé Po Valloy ; thionts akoundthe south slde of that valloy, vix'-Moddits," Parma, and Alos- sandris, up to Turin, near ALt Cénibs ¢ tlibuce down tho Vallay, ou'thd north" slde thoraof,. via Vorcllls; Novars, Milan, Birgamo, Brosoln, Lake Gardn, Verons, -and | Padiia, to Vqnice ;. thence by stesmor across ibo’ Adriatio to Tricsto. In’golng south from Genos; the traveler pasaeh throngh tho'ndw naval station of Sodtria, 8008 tho Loating Tower at Piea, the large soa- port of Leghorn, tL tno picture:gellory st Siena,— all botor, ng Ronie, A stoppage’ot aday b ench of thaée places is sufiiciont to .. ‘Do ruEA” By adopting tho route T have named from Bo- logna to Vonico, ‘ond enjoys the’ advantage of Beolng almmost, the whole' magrilficent Valloy of the "Po, aud all tho cities thoroin worth special obsorvation, All the way round, for a‘distanco of 500 milds, the cucompassing chain of moun< tains, rising lilie a giant wall, -will bo on the loft haud of tho travolor, and never,out of sight, but romaid in'full viow, at & varying distanco of b to 16 milos ; but occaslonally.a spur . will protrads into the plnin, nearly to tho railrond-track., On the right-hand side sproads out n-vaet plain bighly_ cultivated.' wouderfully productive, and dotted ovar with citios and villages, ' from which ris¢ groat church-domes, ‘and’ ¢all ‘steoples, aud bell-towors, sowo of . {ho latter resching up into tho hLenvens. 300 to 400 feot. At evory few miles tho train crogeos some slranm of river glugwing from ‘the wmounttin ncross the plain into THE GREAT OENTRAL CONDUIT, tho To, wlich convoys gl their contributions dovin tho middla of ,the valioy, and Azl them, throngh many months, into the Adilati As tho teain filos along tho plnin, new viows of tho mountain-chain’ nra_continnally proxonting thomsolves to the aye, Sinow-crests appoaratid distppenr m quick succession. Gienk 10308, or gashes in‘the vide of the gianite-will, como into view and raprdly pass out; or tho valley.of a river muy be traced fora minute ey twodéep into tho rocky chuin. ‘Lhon will coms high coniesl peuks, of o bold hedld profeeting into_the plain, within a short distanes of the lino of the *track, .On.tho shoulder of rhis promoutory witl bo perebed a little old city, 509 or.1,000 taet above tho_plaiu, oucirelad by’ n brick wall, huilt in thotima of tho Crusindcs, Tho wides of tho Wil 46 toiracéd trom' hottom to'top, and cov- ored with virics, olive and orangn tracs; and ‘tha apaces, betwean ‘ara. dovated to patches of veg-' atablos or shiips of whent. HOME YIEWB OF, will exlifbic'maxdes of Ll their nidos, whilo the na ealen, glintoing in fho suv, rour theid heads high sbove thow; and bol . tho stoep s ‘a_and . dotted’ Withh favm-hoieos, ‘On some’ parts’of tho rén 0110 '¢an #eo thred or' four ratgos of moitain risfut highor and higher, ong bobind tho otbe: Iy last leltor, guvo o cursory shetch af .th cities avoynil the valloy, Trom Dalozup to Mlilan. It only remains to noties” thone™ met Milan” and’ Venice to "coniplate” the' ci throngl o' chintming country. Most of th Jagzes on the way are full of silk-works. Iivory’ family, nlmos}, ** winds silk” from tho cogooni. Silk js tho'chiof praduct of this part of ths Po conntry, . Borgamo, at.tho foot.of the wmonuu- teiny, containg 40,000 {nhabitents, aud is notod for its fino sconery, puv 1k busingss ; also, for tho good flshiug wi tho n_olfillb_miu Inko, Igao. brings the'travelor to i BRFSCIA, . a flouriahing clty of 45.000 inhalifants, aelobrat- od in tho muddie ages oqually for the tremgtis of its fortiticationnand tho oxcellonga of tho arms and woapons of war manufactured. Thero ara some iron furnaces in the adjapout Alpine valloys, and manufacturo of arms is still carried on oxton-' sively in this city, butsilk-spluning aud weaving is tho chiof industry. . The ,city suflered fonr- fully from the Ironch invasion in 1512, when it .was pillaged and burnt, and most of the” iuliobitants_slwughterod. The Tren bozgted that they bad murdorad 46,000 peup! Thoy.were led by tho **gontle Duc de Nomouis, and the celebrated Bayard, tho * Chovalier saus pour at gans roprocho," It was 200 yaars bofors Breacia recovercd from thia vieit of the conrtly XKnight .nud the' gontlo Duke. Indeod, it has Lirdly couvalesced yet. . £ mAa ort alstanco boyond Broscis, the charm-- 5 ; Au hour's ran o make the land the Nutions' Ciulile, Loug liero may Art, true Batence, refyn; !,wm.'lun{ Law, man's right mointain g . : Buowledys, prowd Lusning, dccpeulug grom,— Dry up tho straama of Luwan wou; ITrito fueplrution man hero, fd From Froedom, nolnce of munkind ; The Union, watehword, sovereigu, grand, Ity oriflamunae e'er fead, comamand In geandenr, glory, unkurparsed, IPlicunon, cuptres, kingdoins, 1) ontlagt,— Phrifling aagl deathleon patriot, roul, Whils greatening centuries aaséari yoll,— Tima's mightiest monumant of power, Yamerapping uplindors,—liero to tower, * Whils Virtuo, Wisdum, fouud In ouo, Liumortalizo u Waehington! . Rev, Pror, W, 8. Braxonann, Conqricut for 5 From the New Atbang Standurl,, Mikko Utz wnd bis bot{or L, from tho Drench seftlament, holow tho, city,. came up op hoyye= back this morning, to transact some, business. Tho.goursn of businoss didn’t run snxooth,. frgm some capsp, and Mr. U, congluded to take botn tho Lorsoy, ,und leuve, his wife to walk Lomo, Whey he lind got about ono yyuare, sho discoy erad.tho tricl ; down Spring uteoot -ufter -hi with incrediple spoed, Ho whippod and slaghg byt the borso. yuder the sldo-gaddle was not a good leader, aud ho couldn’t forey thom boyond B tmll . Aftor eunutng abot thres squures, - tho Hloat-footed wifa qyortook th trjcky Jusband, aud gaught her horug by the rofn., 8ho hold on h & tomacity that waa wondorfy), LIl sho was ged _from. Lowpr Firsh to Lqwor Socond utroet. " Tloro tho man lost his grip on the hite! iug-ytrap, and lpft the woman madtor of tho il uation, At otio bound sho soatod horsolf in.the sadulo, and roda off tpward homa vyith hor hiy- Uiaud, Just o (hongh, nofbin o",} ot tho. ususl oxder of thingy yad lm!puuui. ., 'Tho, alfajt was \vltunuun‘r.lhv‘-ml‘n n tumbor of asqlitgd speotas tors ; and tho foat of fho . i Sheiag, - U TaaE o€l ""‘““‘i a3 howrtily S . LALE GARDA A . comes suddenly into viow, which is the largost Inke in Italy, boingBmiles wide at thosputh oud,, which i€ skirted by the railrosd, and 40° milos Joug, extonding up among the Tyrol Alps. It has boen sounded to the dopth of 2,000 Teet" aud **no bottom.” Its uppor portion is "sar- rounded by igh, precipitous mountains ; while around the lower end i§ an nndulatiog plain, on which the olive and leuon ere much cultivatad. It bounds in_fish of tho trout, piko, ,and oel. spocies, or rather did untll the introduction’ of trolling, whioh is rapidly exterminating them, The outlet of tho lake is the River.Mincio, b tho, Fortrass of Peschiors, which, provious to 186G, wnas tho bopndary betwoen Venetis and the, anbnrdy'turrltom Poachiora’ is, ona af. the four {amous fortresyos called the * Quad- rilateral,"—tho others” being Verous, Mantua, and Leguano, Toforo tho train renches Pes- ahjuird it passon through tho north end of the #cono of ) 81 e -, TOE GREAT NATTLE OF AOLFERINO, . which'oxtouds’ from'the railroad-slation at De- venzuno, on the lako Garda, 12 miles southward, throygl the Villagos of Solforino, Cavuaua, and Caligliond, ' Bolfetino, porchied on a high hill overlogking (ho plain, was the contre of 'the Austrian position. It can bo sepn from .the 1nilroad-statign, Vietor Emnnuel occupied, with 80,000 " Ltalian’ troops, tho first 8 miloa of the lino Bouth of ‘the 'lake ; and’ Louis Napoleon, witly 110,000, Frepcki, oxtonded the line 9 or 10 .mhiled favthor sbuth, Tho Apstrians, comuinnded by:thelr young Eumparor, faced thon with 150,000 trodps'and 400 piocos of ertillery. The mur- dorons _combat hegan ut § a. m. of June 21, 1809, At laat, about 4 p. m., by a su- prome_offort, thofiv‘ruyxcll carriod tho heights of Bolferino, cut the Austrinn army in‘two, wid " captored 7,000 prisonors snd 80 guiw, ‘Pho Austriang thon retreatod bohind tho Adige Itiver, under , ghelter, of tho gun of the grgat Tortrogs of Vorqua,where the Frouch worq afraid to attack them;: snd Loply Napoloon hurriedly TONN OSitulilA BOVEKAL ‘GIHOF FomaFkable “otin- | ¢monts of_the period .of tha. Cioanra,—snch s gnteln, archey, nlia coluans, which T ' Lave not . tio fo, dedetibo, ‘Tub pletlirs-gaflory, contaius ‘mitly wolla df ‘cdiisidarablo inerit, but it.doas uUb Fank 14 thio firkt olags, 'Aftor luuv_ln§ Yorona o ‘fow’ milos, tho trath - 5 tho teeno of Napoloou's hard- pasyos clodb ‘won vicloky at A 1k DRIbOE ar Atcot, It was hora Jioran 8o natcow s ckdnpe from lodtng his Jito, ; Deoming. . thie Puisnession of thio bridg indiagousablo, . lis put hinmolf-at | -tbohoad of his thrico-ropulnod - trodps, selzang satandard, utvanced throngl o lompost of shot, and plauted lbon the middle of the bridge ; bt tho five tiero boonmo #o violon that Abe grapudiora fallered in tho'chargo, .aud, soiz. fue the Gaubrut In thoir arme, carriofl ‘him_ back st a cloud of smioko, the dand and the dywmyg, Tho Auntriaug instantly rashod over the bridge . aud pualiod the fugitives into tho miarsh, Napo- leon minong othory, who was. fubmorgsé to his chin in tho mud and wator.. . The gronadicrs por- cetving that.thoy hind lost their loador, tho ety 1o through tielr ranks, * Forward and sava tho Genorall”, Rewrning.to.the chargo,.thay drovo bnok the Auntriana, and finding, YTootlt Cor- poral " wearly drovifed, axtrioatod hitn from' hin . perilons nituation, with explusions of lauglter, among tho groona of, tho dying. A subsequent chargo over tho bridge awept the: Anstrians awny, and wonit, . . Lhirty ilos boyond the Arcols bridgs is tho anclent city of PADUA, ‘. It is the oldoat, pethapn, in .the Valley of tha Po, and thio one, Aljounding’in the most tradi- tionls of mirnclbs, propagated from ago ito aka, ‘I'ho odifico most poonllar 1a' the Mualaipal Pal- -Rbe,:n great building, standing entircly on opon arched, A vast Yoof towerd hbove “ita walls, whioh is gnad to bo **tho Inrgost raof unstipplort- - od by, pillare m the world,"~that is, . bofora tho invention of - iron girdors for. their support, Thiis one.ab Pacdua Is ovor 100 foot span botwoon the walls, .and .000' foct long, and risos to the helght, porhiane, of 140 Pdot from the floor, The intorlor . of :the vat hall is glogmy, and the whole {8 olosely covered with strange, myatical Bnhnhlga. Thore are doveral great libraries in adun ; ond of them' Lins 160,000 volumos, and udveral mannscrints of tho fitth contury. Nomo of tlta ohuroheés have benn atnudln{: 1,000 to 1,200 yourd, and ara ‘‘foatfuily " old-looking, Giot- to's Chapol coulning soma picturas - of conslds erablo celebrity, Thare is enough m this old city woll worthy of obsorvation for a couplo of days' eight-séeing: 2 5 A1f an hour's run brings ohe to the long causoway across the lagooit uniting Vonica with tho main land, It is nearly 8 milos long, cons sisting of 222 Jow stone archoy, rosting on 20,000 piled, driven deep into the mudtdy boltom of tho lako. It as bullt by the Aunstrinus, and cost 81,250,000 .in this - choap-labor country. As Venico bad over beon poorly and scantily fur- nishiod with frash wator, this bridge wap utilized to convoy n eupply from the neizhborlng Alps into tho city, which now, with a number of arto- alan wolls, gives it abundauce, and ndds greatly to the comforts and cloanlinesn of life, As soon a8 wa ronch the head of the causoway, RENOWNED.VENI floats, ss it word, into wight. 'Towers, domms, pinnscles, nnd masts lnom aboye the white.wally aud rod roofs, which emorge from the sea. Soon o nre at tho station facing. the Grand - Canal and aro quickly transforred, With * traps” an “luggage,"” to the couvayanos of o _gon- dola.—~a Joug, black, canal-sbaped ‘boat, with s danopy over the middia to shel- tor the passenger from eun or rain. | hmitit, and great bank routo’’ fchean o bed in” Ono rower takes his position on the degk, near tho stern,—another near the high-arched, atdol- clad prow,—both standlug avcct, facig for- | waid'; and away we glide down TIE GRAND CUANAT, accompanied by & flcot of goudolas, and pacsing houres of othors nt overy turm of tho ‘' raging catiawl.”. This water-highway winds throngh tho heart of tiro eity, in tho form of ths latter, §, fyr a length of 3 miles, Lo the hoad of the har- bor, in front of .8t. 3ark, the wiuged lions, and the Pajncs of thio Dogex. It is just. about tho width and depth of thie Chicaro River botween Medison ntroct bridge and tae Lighthouse. It is, closely buile on both sides with tall, stately, minsstve Hbrucknras, montly of matblo, them'have benntifal pillared fronte, palaces havo haudromor exteriors than sny build- ngs i’ tle Gaidon City; and, from tho stril- ing similarity of nrchifeebural sppearaticn, ono would b Ied to boliove that the Chicaga arciiticts copied their fineat hlogks ffom theno old palacos - of tho Vouotian movchant-privicss,, fearcd coti- turies ago. Tho Giavd Canal was the aticot of the anotent. nobility, (I stovracy, rich mer- 3 of Venico, As ono floats along, the gendolier, as hia swinge his long onr cnrelessly, in parrotsstyle cills “out tho names of oach ‘ol palaco or gand maneion, onch with' ity spécinl romance or 'history, Many of thio3o atntely drncliros aro aceupiod ns hotels or boarding-houned,—tlieir spacious marblo balls and froscood chninbor bolng et up, by ihabby woadon partitions, and pervaded by rin dapect of tawily finery and moldy eplondor. "Abont aqui- distunt botwoen the oxiromities of tho Girund Ceninl, the’ gondoliciy faka copocial pains to puint out'thd palacs i which o T.OKD HERON vesided for n Jong timo, and-give one a skotch ot lun “career’ in' Vonico, described in a dinlect which will dofy uny Ifalian, or any one olsn oxcopt & Vonetion, ‘to linderstind s word of whit they are ‘maying, *thd way, I ‘bavo noticed “that, all vor Italy, Tialinns of ‘every rank and 8 _lay B-ron, Thoy #ny ho was e cold, foguy, Piritanical Isla Ly m. to By his own wders, who ecould: uat” appraciate bis glowing gouius, ‘but was adontad by tho ehiliton of Huauy Ifaly, who could. ITis 'worki dre trauslatod inta [inlinn, aud univorsally read, and, noxt to tho composi- tions of the'** divino Dante," are most admired of the ‘productions of the “ Italian poots.” His busts and pictures aro oftoh mot In Italy. Thora i8 not only earcnem, but truth, in tlivobservation, of the Ithlians in roghrd to the Euglish Inck of apprecintion of their graat but disowned poot. Parallol with the coast, and n feir milcs dis- tant, strotclien for 80 nflos n ‘strip of lapd, which commences south ‘of the miviiths of tho Po, and ‘ends north ‘of Venice. Tt was formod by the sediment and #and washed ‘down from the Alps by the Po and the Adigo in the courso of ages, * Beliind this matnral sea-wall, which is coverad:with_vogotable-gardons and dwellinga, lios Vénice,-which was Liuilt on a cluster of SEVENTY-TWO LITTLR MUD-DANKS, The whole city {s supported ‘on piler driven deep into this doposit, ' About tho middlo of the fitth centiiry, & 'fow thousand fugitives from massa- cre, fleelng’ from the jusano wrath of the mon- ater Altily, aettled on thoso islets in tho lapoon, like a flock of frightened sca-birds, and tliro bogan to vebuild their hahitations, ind follow fiuh[ng and navigation for a livolihood, Buch was whie beginning of Venica, which, next to Home, fills the largest space in Italian his- tory. ‘Venice, for the' flrnt three or four contu- ries, grew slowly. In 697 Anabesto, the first Dogas, or Duks, was olecte nd Manin, the last of a line of sevonty-two, resigned his ollico when the Freuch capturad:the city in 1707, —belng just 1,100 yoars apart. * Whata mighty history Venice has made within that period. Vhat ofher city iu the ‘world betweon A. D, 700 and 1800 hns equaled or surpasscd her in art, commerce, archi- tecture, handicraft, or murtial deeds ? The foundation of the greathoss of Vonico . WAS LAY DURING THE CRUSADES, " Dbatwoen A, D, 1097 and_1271, Which, under tha shrewd policy.of tho, Vouotian merchnnts and Senato, wera turned to the aggrandizomont of the city. Tha Venetinns made their port tho outfltting place for d Iargo part of the millions of Orusnders and pilgiims to the Moly Land, and they furnished tho shipping to bear tham thithor and back,—#o many of them as lived to roturn. Thoso foolish Crusades thus built up the prospority of Venice, and made hor the ' Quocn.of the Adrintio,” fllling her coffors with untold woalth, drawu from every part of Ilurope. Tho immento impatus then givon wrs not _lost for sovoral subsequont conturios, *The trade of tho' Orient continued to flow Into Turope throngh the Venetian gateway until the six- teenth coutury; whon it began ‘to’ tako other {aum, und pags away from Voulco, nover to re- urn. Vanice rerchod hor IIGHEST MINNACLE OF WEAUTH AND TOWER about A, D, 1620, Then wai the onlmination of her wonderful careor. Bho was then the focus and ‘unex| mnwdly'mndo peace at Villa-franca, 11, by ‘tho torms of which Austela surren- dyyred !’.nmh_nnb' anit retained tho. Pravince .of Yeuica. Whon Lopiy bogan the campaign he duvelayod o objoct Lu bo **iha liborution of Ttaly from tho yokd' of Austyis, fion} tho Alpa to'the Adriatlo " "but ho stopped short at'the “ elbows of tha Minvia,” us the New Yorlk Times oalled it ta the intouse (isguyt of Count Cavour, who ha Indueed bim to uudertako the campaigu. Louls Hopkenad ™ botora' the ** Quudrilateral,” thougl his unclo took ‘all its fortressos sixty yoirs bofore, ‘I'he most uoted objaot; to ke seen in o VERONA i which cantaing 60,000 inhabntants, ja the groat Tomnn Am{lmhqulrn‘ or Coliroun, bullt abont; A, 1), 81, Thejutorior is unoarlv porfeot; the outer cirquit was conslderably. dawnged by an onrueke i I8 iFho grstot dfamator of this Awphitheatro {s 511, sud tho leasor 404 faot; Tho holghit of nhat rematos of the wall oxcaods 100 foop. It i caloulatod . that it could goat 80,000 upootators of gladiators. fighting lions and cach othor, 161w built of Veronp marble, and is opo of tho begt-prosorved Romen ruins to_ba woen'{n Iialy, Doaides tho Amphithostre, Vo- of the' commorce betwoen Etrope and Awma, Her population was " nearly -260,000. Ifer sunual exports wero valued at &100,000,- 000,—an enormous sum in "those 'days, Her clear ' anoual profité woro ostimnfed at 840,000,000, ° Blio' sent fo son ° 800" ships, manned by 8,000 salors, and 8,000 small oraft, bandled by 17,000 men’ Her nayy was much the Iargost of any nation in'the world; The Ropub- 1lo poswossod numerous colanies in _the Gracian Beay,.including Candin, Cyprus, aud Rhodes, to- gethor with tho antiro Dalmatian Ooast, ou tho opposite eide of the Adriatle, Atone time' she successfully residtad, single-handed, an'alifance of all tho othor Italian States; from Genoa ta Napléw, alded by Hungary.' Blio ‘oxtended hor | Inland yossogsions to Naveuna and Bologna ou the sowth, and noarly to Milaw on the wost, In theso days 8ho ocoupled ' tho samé relative b,ltlon!j_,opaulu,um: the. Turks, It was tho Tralalget of fhint,copéges; and, : front; the blow which Venlce that dny fufllstod'sh thd'Mabomete {in 8t 8o, thoy._noyor, aftoryards rocoverod. %J:\;nnndgtfl:‘n'.r:::k no;xlrnrv ulu:\ ro}mnlndly tgu - 0 B0) 8 ofton_as 0] aild bl oty thd Vonatlard obbablad s dostroyed {5, But slip m‘:.lduu_llnlng in proge pority” and strongih,” The' discovery of new ocoan-routos to tho Indies and Ohlas trannterrod her rioh overland commerco to tho Portuguese, Dl)!hm;:qqd British, and hor woallh_ aud power gradually ™ SR AUDSINED, ANT) PASBED, AWAY, and sho'doascd tb'occuby a prominont position Hor coloninl ruuunu- hot, one after tho othe or, nnd, in the Itahan Pouinaula, sho was driven back botweon the anglo formed botweon tha 'Alpp,; the. Muitio, aud the- Po.. Tho {_Jug_u-md thio Sonnto oppiondil Siplts of thibFrben Rovolution, Wd{dfusofl 0°fofin art alliahco with Trance, lrritatod thoroat, Donaparts invaded and captured Vohice, 'toposed the Doge, aud supprossed the Benato, and, by the poaco of Campo Tormio,- Vonice ceased to bo a nation, and wae cedod to Awstrin as a provinco, and, Wil a; fliort’ ibtoriitismdn’ during tjppu\uon‘u rolgn a8 Emporor, {t romaiiod I 'thy ‘labds’'or the Auatrizus unti} 1806, wheir the Prussians do- livorod {t from their yoks, and gava'it to Italy, whore 1t naturally belonged and anxlonsly dosired to bo attached. Vouleo maintained Ler indepond: ‘|ofigo from.tho fall of the Roman ~Empira unt{ i fi: , Bf this- Frénch-* Raptibitle,- ¢ “and fillod'tho world witk tho establislime period of 1,345, ya her power and glory, No ity oxoits’ mo strong a apoll over the impgination as Vonlco, It is s i, FULL OF DRANATIU INTEREST, | and’podts have noler fallod to fdd a fund’ of plot, inddent, .anil charabtét-there, Its uniqg situation and amphiblous nature, itd conquost and commoren, ita'dark conisplracios and darkor judiolnl murders, liftite history out of the pro- Baio commonplace of othor nations, and make it a melodvamn and a tragady. As ong writor res marks, * Sliyloék still dorkons” tho' Rinito with bis frown; the lordly Othollo yet stalks .acrost the pinzza of 8t.Marxs ; and every veil that flut. ters in tho breozo shrouds tho roguish oyes of & Jossten," Evorything is droamliko, and unlike anything evor acon boforo, 'The palaces rising, from the wators, scom liko things of fairy-land. ‘Thord ia'no nolie, no ddnger, no' duat, no bustle of busluoss, no horsea o carriages, THE QONDOLA taken the placo of hioysed, liorse-railroads, dum- mios, carts, trucks, landaus, and buggies, on the jand, 1 askod n gondolior, who spoke = little Engligh, if o had ever scon & horso, o re- plicd, Novor in Venico' cxeept in’ the butobors” at ilal Many of those gondollors are tall, splone [d spodimions, straight us & pino-treo, and who might act an models for statues of . Mars or ‘Aps ollo, As thoy handle tholr oars stauding erect, witli & long, graceful, swingiog, motion, of tha boay, thoy look.the very pootry of motion, I novor tired watghing thoin. By tho light of tha mobi, a8’ they ghded noisolossly into obsourity anil fadad awny in“the- distance, thoir attitudes sud'motions produced an effect indesoribably beantiful and weird-like. e . . The. focua of interest In Vexlco is the Le hiaped ¢ TUDLIC, 8QUARE OF 8T. AfADK, whire standn the aiiciont palace -of " the Doges, the lower story of which i8 constructed of marble aroles.and columos, and the _n&per oues of porcelain brick, placed in the walls in dismonde shinped yquares ; aud the more anclent Cathae dal of St, Mark, {n front of which aro the throa tall cedar flagstnfls, insorted in bronzé pedos« tals, erected - threo conturies ago, and. from which once proudly floated the three gonfalons of ailk and gold, omblematical of tho thrce dos minions of the l'luEuth,-Venlco, Oypross, and Morea, Clogo to the water’s adge zre two greab Fr'ulite pillars,—ono surmounted by a wingéd ion, axd the other by the patron-snint of the 'i'. Arouud three fronts of the In‘rigor aquarn, and oneof theother, stand splendid commerclaj palaces, with arcaded sidowalks, and fillod with & hundred shops and cafes, tholr ontire frontuga boing nol lcss than 2,000 foot. Thousands of pigeons, which ara sscrod , birds, .and fed nt - public, exponse, ~flulter: aud . chattor about this aquate, and ovar and around the build tns thoroor. On maoulight nightiy suoh ag those diiring my visit, the military band plays ix the graud plaza in. front of . Bt.. Mark's, and thousands of citzons and strangers fill thasquars, listemng to the mueic, while thoy sip theéir winef and coffeo, ‘or ent, tholr jced and eaka. around the othoriugle of thosquare, other thoue gands wateh tho soreinding floots of ,fiondnhl glide by, decoratod and illumivated wit] oy colored Chinese lantorns,—thag yoyagera singing aud pluylug opera-airs, whilo the boams of the 1w00n eAnt & pnte, Floaming light ovor tho sesno, snd the gae-jols u? the Iampy on shoro roflood spurkling aud poarl-like rays upon the water. Nowhora olso in tho world, than. in Venias, san sueh & untural phonomons be witnessed. I kuow not how to describe 3 BT, MARK'S,— hsthiidgreatost of Italiun churchos;rankinguext Poter's of Rome and tho Milan, Cather auty and costliness, but exceading botk Ly xome centuries, It ressmbles ne othor apon carth, but appess to Lo a miigling of rovoial siview of architocturo—Byzahiing Saracenic. Gotlie, and Italian. Thers isa ro dundange.and goutusion of . pillars and oolumns of rocauigy nd clispols, of mossics aud gildiogs Tivo great domos sumount, tho edifico,—ohe it thomiddlo, and oue on, cich side, according te ‘) tlie four poiuts of tho compass,—whioh, to the oyo, givos rows of threo domoes, from whatever polnt the observer stands, ‘I'hoy are covered iusido with eccleninstical ploturas, painted on ¢ ‘eanopy of golden mosuie, On tho facdde or fron{ of tho ohurch, over tho four entrances; arc doop, rreved recesses, or niches, 25 or 35 faet i widtk fnd height; on the golden faco of each -it o mosnio picture, reprosentiug respoctivoly the Dotcenit from tho Croks, tho. Descont dut¢ Ilndes, the Tosirrection, and tho Asconsion, The interior is orowded with paintings. The whole structure, it sooms to me, waa intonded tq reprosdnt not only the Chriktiun faith and its modes of worship, but Heaven itsolf a3 imag. iniod by tho buildets 800 or 900 years ago. -The ohuich is supposed to contain the nshes of . 8i. Mark (he Evangelist, Iu the vear 828 the Doge Tiad the proctous rolics removed from Alexan. dria, in Lgypt, or, in plainer'English, atélon from thore, When revefved in Venico, it became noo« ehaary toeradt a groat church for théir. regep- tion, which was immodiatoly commenced; aud ro« sulted in thie production of *Ban Marco,” Tha arshiteots were undoubtedly Greoks from Con stantniople, aud the artists must =t.least hava studiod in tho snmo school of art, Taken all toe gethor, it Ia o most romarkable structure., In attompting to doscribe Vanice, thers in auch a wildornoss of subjects claiming attention that ono becomes bewildored whicte' to. begin or leave off, what to toll about or what to omjt, . A volume might be filled desoribiug churches, pla= tures, paluces, and poculiaritios, and soveral volumen would not contain a record of its pash Instory and glorious actions, VESIOE 18 NOT ACTUALLY DEAD, as anciont Rore s, 1t has no ruins to exhibit, albett tho whole ¢ity seoms in o rainous condie tion, Venico may be liienod; in its presont es- tate, to ‘su old man ‘who was once & daring, stalwart athlote, aud who still rotaing the outline and micn of Liy former magnificent manhood ; but bu feoble, step and sonitlo lovks show the gront ravages which time Lias wrought. % % e : The annexation to Italy has greatly benefited Vouico; it has relipved the inhubitants from & condition closely borderlng on slow starvation. T'roo trado with tho .wholo Pommnsula huy re~ yived tho, flshory business by offering an ene larged market, .and with it the ebip-bwlding trade. The markot for its cunning aud curlous ‘manufactures in colored and ornamental glass- waro hins nlso boen onldrged, and 5,000 opore atives tind employment In these establishments, which bave beon' reinforcod by Dritwh capital, Tho mannfactures of antigue furnltire and oarvad wood also find i incrossing. matiet. ‘'wico or tbrico as many sifangers vislt Venlco now a8 when undor ‘the despotio yoko, of Austria, and thioy, stay muoh longer and #nond thelr nionoy. ‘more froply than formoarly. The liftle passages called atrésts, betweon tha cnuals, dre kept clean and froo of . beggars and thioyes; “tho lotels have greatly fmprovod, thotigh the fleds dre still numerows and active ; and the polico-systom is_oxcollent, aud defonda tho straugor agalnst imposition, Throo linos of steaniors ply betweon itu harbor and foreign and Itdlian ports. Oue of thew, touching at_Alox- andny, in Egypt, steams through tho Sucz Canal to the Indies; aud it is connectad with Italy sod othur European countries by rail. Still, tho population s stationary at 112,000 souls; buk thay dre eolf-supporting, and comfortably fed aod olad. . But overy part of the city wenis a MOLDERING, NEGLECTED, UNKEPAIRED ASPECT. A docaymng appoaranco- attackes to evorylhh“;, All the housos look as 1¢ they were bullt"at the ssme {imo, aiid that timo sovoral centurles off. Tha structures that aro ot of marblo aro cov- ored'with white stucco, but tho white of hath murble and stuceo liag an pgod and dismal lool. Liverybody oominikeratos Venice, an wishos hor ronewed proupority. Bho lag no looger one Yions rivals plottiyg her ln({ury or downfall. Via- itors wish Lior formor grandeur could be rostored, gommorelal and naval {mportanco and rank that Great Britatn now doos among the nations, sid |+ cln':;‘d Lior hiend aqually bigh and haughty, ' Sho wagod A PIERCE WARFANE WITIL THE TURKS for throo venturies; and rolm'mouly davtroyed tholr fleots, In 1571 tho 'Vonatian ‘floot” woio wainly instrumental in gafning the great nayul but overy ‘otio recognizes in Venive the embodi- mont of ‘an unrivaled bolle of othor days, who Lias long murvived hor entraucing charms, bug who, in despito of the ravages of time, misfore tuno, aud sorrow, is still wondrous boautitul in looks and lnaulnutln“ inmind and mauner, Even iu lior decay, sho Lill holds the scoplro :ay the 4 Quoon of tho Adzintig,” 3 M.