Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 27, 1874, Page 10

LITERATURE. . Tho Problom of Life. ., JOTOPTLASA § ony AlaTTan AND LiFg: Witn SoMx KAANKS UPON ITiL, * CONFERSIONS ' GF BrRAUAS, By LiosEL B, BEAnr, M. . R, B, Fallow of ihe uyal College uf Dhysiciaiin, Physician to King's, ufieun Hostal, 12tno,, pp, 988, Third Edition, Loudon: J, & A, Churehill, ¥ Thilosophers and polomics may controvert tho worloa of the Evolutionists, and, with' dlo- nenoo, loarning, aud ronson, show that they Japond for' muoh of thelr support upon facts bat aro'not adcurato and arguments that lnck ogonoy ; and yot, becauso tho d(upptantn ‘aro nore philosophors snd poloniics, tholr fincst orts go for liltle or nothing, . Bcience must bo mot by Sclence to sooure the overthrow oftho ontablishment of any dogmn or hypothosis that has bosn promulgnted by its disciplos. When an astronomor announces a discovery fn the realm of his study, 1t {4 tho astronomor only who can poaitively deoido whether or not it bo aclually now and basod upon fact, - And do in every de- partrmont of ‘Scionce, It is ouly ho who is ablo to verify or' rofuto a statoment by repont- fng tho obsorvations whiol have " lod ' up to it; who' may pronounce with confidonco that it {8 a puro assumption, an exaggoration, or tho resutt of rigid and exact oxporimont, Tho groat mass of the peoplo must take the nerer- tions of tho eclentlsts upon-trust, Incapable, from & want of solentifio training, to prove or Biaprovo tle conclusions of axports, it is, at the ‘most, possibla to tho public to wateh thom fith ntelligent sutorest, Auy' pretension to ‘sound, or-tenable, or settled opinlons would be vain and foolial, But tho world {s deeply concorned in the groat principlos which grow outof tlia theories thnt havo lately bocomo : popular - with distine guished physiciats, chomists,’ and naturalists, aird havo’ converted eminctit philokophers and divines.’ Whiat Is’ lifo?—whore did it origuiate?, and when does it ond?-—nro questions which | dooply affoct the welfare and happiness of man- kind; and wo watch with' solicitude {lia declsions to which Science seema rapidly and viotoriously tondiug.. Is life a mere miodified- form of® mo- 1oy, the result of - forco acting npun matter ?— and do tho same laws govern organic -and fnor- anic substance ? : Of lato the bulk of argument [ia boon on the side of Materinlism, -tia de fonders of tha old idea of o' God, of :n soul, and of otornity, have, for the most-patt, been cons troversialists and thaologians, who have reasoned monllnl{ to - inclination, and: nok with: the au- thority that comes from positive knowledgo, “The multitude bad-beguw to -think® that Sol- ence was & unit in its oppuaition to religion, and ; that all the bulwarka that supported man's beliot in & Creation-and-a Providence wore destined to | bo swept away by it, ono by ono. ' But thoie has risen up, at'last, a stout and: vigorous champion - of the time-honored faith of our’ fathors,—one whose words and opinions aro backed by the in- veatigations and -revolations'of: years of. honest and fruitful work over tho probloms of - Bcience. | o has no favorite dootrine of his own to up- hold, no-dogmns to assert, no- provhecies to ut-: ter, no prejudices to conserve; but simply the platn story to toll of what Scionca ‘really knows sbout lifo, ita cauise, and.its processes.: And this Btory ho tolls * ag dintinotly as possible, without oxagreration, and with simplicity and trathful- ness; " with no desire to galn proselytes- to -his:| viows, but with the sole tntont that the peopls, who ave 80 ofton-misleaby tine writing and' pow- erful languago, may cloarly understand -the in- torpretation and the bearing of avhat facts Sui- once Lins thus far discovored a8 to tho origin‘of mao, .- . % Dr. Beale has pursned his researches atter truth in.tho humblo-spirit of a little chill. Put- ting asida bins of every sort, hie has held himselt freo to nccept and roport results that seemed in- compatible with the terchings of revenled relig- ion, na ‘well ns' those which wers ' in harmony with thom. - To-use his own words: “Thosa who havo staried fn the sclentifio pligrimago, and havo madoup thelr minds to encounter the. well- Xnown hardahips sud_disappolutmonts, and have de-. termined-to bear.thie poverty of their ifé-long journoy, hiavo .not recoived - the bloweing -of any Church to en-, courage their labors or to lighten their burdens, No aniraciea huvo been perfornied for them, No_shrine s been pointed out whore they may placo their of~+ Torings, aud then return‘home to rest'in peaco, * They must work on a5 long ss -power Tomaiua:to thew to Jork, and yatioutly endura;to the ond. No Church s {uterested in their triuly, or takes any secount of thelr Yirtucs,. And this must be, ince Sclence can nover bow {0 authorily, submit to'the arbitrary dictates® of any oarthly powdr, or tonsent fo bo govorned ‘in her progress by auy fime-honored- rules. - Sclenca asks ouly to ba pormitted to work on, -Sho longs nolther : for honors, or wages, mor power, aud lovks only for “the glory of gojng on and still {o be.", - To the guidance of this meek and.quiet thongh indepondont-mind ‘we feol impalled ‘to traat, - suro .that nothivg will he afirmed that is nof proved, and whet whatover is wanting to the ev dnnm:’ ou any point will Lo unreservedly con- fewped, - 0Y : 3 Dr. Beals divides Lis work into three parts, oneof which hodenominates Dissentient ; anoth= er, Demonstrative; and tho third, Speculative. Tho first parbsis given to a confulation of the physical doctrine of life,—that 'doctrine which ninintaing “that life s but 'a mode of ordinary ‘forco; that there i no _abso~ lute differenco betweon thie' dead and the Jiving states; that the living thing - dif- fors from tho nou-living thing; not in quality, or - exponce, ‘or Lind, Lut’ mercly in degiee. T a frce and foarless, but at the kame {ime kind and’ courteous, manner .he eriticises the nrgu~ mients’ and afirmations of Iluxley, Tyn- dall, Spencer, Dr. Adling, Dr. Bence Jones, and’ others; showing pluinly whera their slates ments are loose, inexact, and misleading; where thelr inferances are wrong und Lheir opinions’ uutenable. It is & sharp and soarching nilysis, * aud culeulaled to surprise by.its results theé nn- scieutific who bave snp{mseu these'great leaders to be unerring and infallible guides. ok In congidering tha' .vast and difiicult, problem of life, Dr. Boala decms it essentialto begm with the study of tho lowast, siniplest living thing,—with thio inquiry into’ whst goes on in tho life of the munad, or microscopie Tunguy, or o single coll of ono of {he tissues ; and #o grad. ually to advance to the dixcussion of more cam- plox chinngoe, ' Thiahaw been his own method of Pprocedure,—ondeavoring, bythe slow, claxe, aud s?tiont worlk of - years over the microscope, fo scovor tho cure, the aotiodi, the nuturés of viial foreo. . But not 8o Liave some of tho most jop- ular and intluentinl eclentists of the day con- ducted * their' investigations, Disregarding tho _nocossity of first . disqovering what forces arc at work in' the plaot and ' the animal, endowing it with life and a_cupacity-for growtl and multiplication, they bave ventured auda- olam:l‘{ upon the boldest assumptions with" Tagus to tho phenomens apperent in ths ‘' complicated organism -of man him- Bolf, the cicature highest''in the mcale of animated creation, The exiatance of vital force is denfed by thom ; physienl and chemical jorces wro declured to be the only powers at work in orgenic as well a8 in ivorganio matter, and’ the Eun is said to be the wource and genorator of all’ foroe ; tho ohnem betweon lifo and'death in af- firmed to be bridged over ;-the human body is prouounced 8 machine, ** all the operations of ‘Which will sooner or Inter be explained upon hyaical principles;" 1t s prophsiad by them * that wo shull arrive at a mechanical equivaleut of consciousnous, justas we have arrived sb'a maochanical equivalent of heat ;" and that, in ‘somo not far distant day in the faturs, tho ohemist in his laboratory “will repro- dice ** il animal aud vegotuble princinles what~ soover;” that he will changs non-llving Into niving®matter; in short, that be will Lo abla to ropeat, at witl, by skillful manipulation of bis rotorty'and crucibles, the miracls of primordisl creation, 5 2 It is the fallacy, the baselessnoss, the absurdi- ty, of such dogmaa, and upaculations, and proph- wcles, o those, which are just now ‘confusing and misleading men's minds, thet Dr. Boalo At- !omTlB to refute, 'He opposss-to them the Yorelblo argument that Belence has not yet muc- ceaded in_discaveriug. the comvosition” of that transparent, atructureless, elemontary substance which is thio gern of a)l hfe; Solence hnw obierved tho working "of this active principle; but-hiow it earries on ita mysterious and wonder= ful processes, she iv utterly unable to tell, While, . thorefore, dospits iler moat mouts, and subtle, and persistont investigations, Science s still bnled in hor efforts to' explain the firat, glmple, fundamental questions concerning life, the chonlist bas obviduely not advanced o step toward tho production of the living stulf by which collulose is produced, nor is there auy- prospact that he evor'wilt, Tha secience which cannot reveal how a simple monad *fgrows,”- which..is impotont to oxplain how the most olementary nerve-orgau works, is surely indulg- ing in thoe wildest prosumption when it puts forth arbitary theorlos respecting the nature of tho moro abstruse.and coniplex “phenomens uf liviug beings, when it would found a system of philosophy that disposes abkolutely of the pros- ol and the futuro of. the human race, In-tho partion of his work ranged under the head Domoustrative, Dr, Bealo givoa a sununary of whatjs ‘known coucerning tie conatitution aud tho ohauges of liviug matter. In upouking of this vitul privciple, he rejects the term proto- plagsin, whici has by cureloss nse bgon mude to include botn dond and living things, and pro- Rogon fu its guead tho word bjoplasm, which ox« notly oxproses tha idea of living matter, . Who Hue butwoen liviug aud non-lyiug wuatter, ace CHICAGO DAILY 'TRIBUN gording to Dr, Benlo, ia yory eloarly dofinod, P'robally more than four-fiftha” of the matorial which conatitiitos tlie bodies of mnn andanie mals in’the' lullrmuulopm.l coudition ‘ia 11’ n lifolois staté, Tho -living ‘mattor is distributed in'minuto particlon throghont the - entire structurs of-evory living thihg, Theso patticlos ato colorloes and atruotnreless, and sxhibit the samae chathetors in plants ma in'animals, and ‘in the’ aimplost ' as -well- s in the moat complex orgahidin.: *Thoy have the power ot molion, of asgunilation, of growth aud reproduction, Mau of ‘thelr-clitnges muy Yo roferred to physicdl knd chomienl fotcos, but dthera oru ouly be accounted for by the sxistence of a pawer naddition to those, which' muy- bo ‘®rmiocl vital forgo) ! To theno patticlos, these 'specis of bioplasim, the capacity for growth, for multiplicntion, is con- finod. "Thoy'.&lone ‘form * the- vital element ot every organism, v The - interesting damonateations of the condi- tion and ‘sotion ol 'bioplasmn-ura illusthited by o sotien of beautifully-ohgraved and coloréd plates, showing cells; tissiies, abd ‘ membranes, under & mmn!‘vlng nowor runnihg up to 1,800 - - ¢ "Tlie-£hird part of Dr, Denle's disoussion is call- ed- Bpeculative § and yot thors 18'vory little of what is commonly underatood a8 ypeculativo argtiment in‘it.'’ “Thore ara no thooriss and fow suppositions - projocted, but: thore 15 a oalm and sobor’ compnrigon'of the evidences of Buience, and the popular “hypotheses which - clalm’ to bo catablishod: upon ‘these. evidencos, From' tho tentimony of i the faots in conneotion with tho niovement, nutrition, and growveh of living mnt- ter, Dr. Benle cumed to the sonoluslon that it {stho soat of an inharited and lndivklual power; which is utterly distinot from any capadity or ‘property of ordinary matter, This wonderful stulf is the same in'subalance in ‘the ‘germ: of"thio plant or the animal; of the dog ‘or tho man; but differs transcendently In power. That olement of power no'one hns thiy far -baen able-to comprehond or account for. 1t institutes' and- porfedts & sories of changes In the dovelopment of a living belng which sosin'to - be forscon and preparad forin the beghining; but'ne human intelloct onn yot dirosvorthe guiding principls under which it adte, orcan'pradict R Aly: oase, from™ the most caro- ful examination, what course or form of develop- ment it will'take. i, ' +If thoro aro no rosults from the study of life proving the -interfarence of a Supremns Intellis r, Bealo declares thore ave none which Jead to the rejeation:of an Ommsnlnnt Omui- presont, an Quiniacient Foree prosiding over the nnlvorss, The reasons in favor of the idos, that ‘mind governs : matter, -that thero is- o God and & Providenco ruling the world, aro strongthoned by a dispnssionnts appreciation .of the now facts of Sclonce.- Lhe truly scientitle man, who - works- honestly and interprets tho tandency of truths fuiily, will not be.disjnclined to ecept, provisionally at: leagt, tha hypothosis of the'. existonce of & Power-Direciing and Matter-Guiding Omnipotence, - Nevertholess, shoull. the nature of life be, at same futura time, explained without including & Baparaatural In- fluonce, tha earnest.and faithful; thinRer will - ba bouud to accopt tho explanation, und abandon Lis old convictions, .. ‘Three Famous Englishmen, ‘WILKES, 8HERIDAY, FOX : Tie OPPosITION UNDER “Gronot Titk Tian, By W. Fu RAZ, B Y0, pp. 403, New York : D, Appieton & Go, - A book which embracos vigorous sketohos of throe famous monp, like John Wilkes, Richard Trinaloy Sheridnn, and Charlos James Fox, is trily worth baving. Tho suthior fslh avident sympatliy with all threo of his subjects, and yob doos not, in cither case, botray an undue par- tiality. Although in no instance condoning the private vices and 'personal’ shortedmings of tho charaotors B haa to deal witli, e doos nokallow their faults to influence his estimato of. the vig- Jtues, the talonts, and tho publio servicos, which entillo oach of these celebrated men to tho ad- miration and gratitute of their cotintry, G “John Willde is unquoationnbly the' most dif- flpult party of tho {llustrious trio to treat with even-banded justice, 8o amenablo ia ho to con- sure for opon and flagrant proftigacy ;* 8o doubt~ fl fs thie purity of his motive in his long, obsti- nte, and, triumplant contest ‘with the Crotyu, with succossive Ministries, and with Parliamont ; aud 8o cortain is the value of the canso for which he struggled and suffored, and which he, in the end, gloriously vindicated. His admirers wore rdent, and his hators 'no less 80; and, in pro- nounaing upon him, both Lave been guilty of un- reasonablo exaggeratton, By taking a cool sur- vey of liis privato and publio coudut, by bal- Riieinig Taifly Liu merits and dernerlis, and taking | .Intojust account the good that resulted from his stormy, filful, yet successful careor,” Mr. Ras performs tho honorable part of helping to & rigliteotis estimate of o noted character, and wins credit to himgelf 88 an aquitable Listorian, John_Wilkes waw born in. London, Oct, 17, 1727, s father was a wealthy distiller. * After | i studying at o piivate school in Aylenbury, Lo finisaed his education at the Uniyersity of, Leydenn, AL the nge of 22, in submiselon to his father’s wishes, he married a Miss Mead, whe' was ten u‘uruvfiis sonlor and an heiress. Tho match was most unswtable, thers beuig littla compatibilify bebween the partios, dud; nfter & uhion of four vr five yeara, a keparation. ensued ¥ mutual consent. 1le retaived the custody of Dis‘infant duuishter, whom he tonderly lov and wizh whon, in aftex yaars, his ralations were of "thu . most’ affectiotiata and confidentinl at+re Freed from {lhie restraints of matri- phinged into_excessive dishipn- with the’ tashiguable Foung men of London for & dislinction, in daods of depray- ity., Ona of his boon-compunions, Sir Francis Dashwood, restored dn ald Cistorcian abbey on bis eatate, aud _iornied s brothérliood of profli;’ gate, Who spent a portion of eacli, yoar in th | cells of the convent, feasting and rigthig in ¢on- tiunoun wind lorribla rovelry.” A vacaucy biving accurred in the moek order, which 'was limited | to twetve, Lord Sandwichi_and John Wilkes wore nominated candidutes, The chaice fall 'on Lord Sandwich 2a thie greater reprobate of the two: In revongs Wilkes played & practical Joko ot the party. * Conflning & Balioon, dressad according 1o the commniou representations of the Lvil' Oune, within"'a chest ,in’ the room wherein the .profane . revelors ‘were fonsting and vtteriug inpious °jests, . he let the animal Joosé av tho moment Lord' Sandwich invoked bLis magter, the Devil, The consteriation was' indéecribublo ; the company belioved that' the Devil in porson had suswered' the summons, Tha baboon, as terrified uh tho most awe-strickon of the pasty, bounded ,ubont_the room, and , by chance leaped upon Liord Sandwich's shoulders, Feariug, for the moment, that his end was como, . tho wicked nobleman recantdd ' hia formor utter- nuces, protesting that'he did not mean what ’ he £aid, praying to" Heaven for mercy ith alt ' {ho ferver “of a-cownrdly sinuer, A'window being opened; the babdon excaped throngh it. The rovolers ‘regovored their a‘&)lrils and resumed theirorgy ; but Lord Sandwichnever forgave Wilkea, to whoin the' trick: ‘was attributed, “for heving caused him 'muoh- & fright; ' The' ndventure ‘was uolsed abroad, and Juat nothing” in repetition ; that , Satan - had ' lv:mull{ appenred * to his worshipers way ganerally Lolioved. 8o strong was the popular feeling that it “was considered prudent to dis- wolvo the Society and sllow the building to fall Into decay,” Buch were the common ‘and un- bluskiug wmusements of English 'gontlemen of wenrlth; education, and fashion'a century ago, In'1787, Wilkes toox his senc in" the House of Commons as momber for the Borough of Ayles- hury, and' in 1761 was re-elected without opposi- tlou, " Ho had already served as High Sherifl of Buckinghamubire, nud, a8 a reward: for ndvo- cating in. Parlianient a bill for the ro-sstabligh- ment of the milit, he was appointed Lieuton- —= toke his gost, They asssmbled about the prison ‘In BL. Georgoe's Flolda whoro ko was' confinod ; a riot onaned; the soldiery - firod ‘upon. tho moby * one man ‘was ' killod " and soveral ‘wounded, The _affalr croatod Immonso ' ox- cltoment, AIl England ‘was In n ferment. ‘Wilkos was nat liberntod, but was a second- timo expolied from the House, throigh the maochina- tlons - of the Uovernmont, Ho wah, howover, ‘re-clactod h{ Mddlesox, upon whichthe Govern. ‘mon¥ instailod n_oandldato of 4ta own fn his ‘place, which was doclarod vacant, - % « Wiikos' torm of imprisoumont, which ind boen mado andurablo’ na* posatblo by the \m'ramluln‘{( 'uttentions 'of doyvutod ‘frionds, oxpired in 1770, An-1771 he was elcoted ‘ouo of'the Shorifts of ‘London and Middlesex, and_in' 1774 was_choson Lord Mayor of: London, and returned to Parline ment s membor for Middlosex. The cruaade ‘agalnst him' having thus! far proved futils, and beng fraught with perdl-to the Govornment, it | was now abandonod, and he waa snffored to take hin seat wiehout ovpositiov, Ha dollvared mnny uble’ and timely ' mpoochios iwhils - lie**wah in * Parlismont, oppoming - tho Amerlcan war, }nlvnemng tho olalma of the ' British [noum, and pleading for the romoval.of the disubilities of COatholics and - Dissentors, -On_ avery npsork\mity he “distingutahed limwell na the frieud of liborty, In- 1700, he- rotwad from Parlinment, and tho remaindar ‘of his life was paksed in the oujoymont ot dignified onse. Ho died {n 1707, atthe ago of 70, - Wilkes ‘excalled * in convorsation, aud was a fnsoinuting compnttion.© Aw Johuson sald ol bim, after au interviow to whioli hs had un- \vllllnEly consonted: “Jaok hns i gront varloty of talk, Jaok is a Achiolar, and Jaclk-ling' the man- g Notwithstanding his intense liatrad of Wilkes, Gaorgo tlo 'Chird wae coustrained to admit: “ He' lind nevor saon 8o wall-bred a Lord Mayor.” - In_summing up the ntilts and the virtues of this axtraordinaty man, Mr. Rao wisely romarke:. “An enlighionos posterity may' " well " refrain from applying & miaroacopo to his motives and s magmifylug- glsayito ns falts, and fittingly ronder to hiw sotual aghiovoments-a tribate of gratitude aud t.inproval.” Thouo achisvemonis socurad to 13n~ gland ingronsod rights for the pross, tho -liborty of raportiug the procosdings of . Parllunteut, tho reatriction. of dangerous usurpations ‘of the Crown, aud freedom of epoooh for the British subjact. ‘It was bocause 't poopls easr in hli o martyr to tho saored oause: of conatitntlonal fiovommant that they faithfully atood by Wilkes luring all the years whon his nitdaclottaly braved he dosjiotio measuros of George the Lhird aud I8 satolliten, e Ve e ! Bheridan was24 years the juntor of Wilkos, yet tho two aab togethor in-the Houre of Com- mons . six ,.yoars, .-Sheridan aud . Wilkam Pitt entored” Parliamont. in ; tho . suwe 1780, Previous ‘to this, . Bhoridun f od o brilliaut ,and. lns‘l.ug .. Tepus tation ad a dramatist, having written, betweon tle yenrs 1775 and 1770, tho four popular pinys, ¢+ 'The Rvals,” ** The Dueuns,” “T'he Holcol for Boandal,"" and ¢ The Critic,"! At the early age of 29, his'ambition in (s arena of exortion wag nsatiafled, and he turned to a new flold whorain , to gatlier. fresh luurels. As with Disraoli, the first attompt of Sheridan at n_Patlismentary spoach was o failure, But he had confidonce, in lus powers,'and soon becamo the noknowledged equal fu_debato, of Pist, Fox, . Canolng, and Burlte. His speoch in favor of tha impeachment of Warron Hastings, which ocoupled throp diys in its delivory, 1a cited a8 ono of ths grandest orslo- rial'offorts since the daya of Demosthenos, Dus- ing the thirly years of his Darljamentary career, Bheridan was one of the most intuentia) leaders of the Opposition, and evor ready to uso his wit and qlorixmma‘m.zhu causo of liborly and justice, s nolitical conduct was throughout unselfish aod donsiatont, . % £ Sharidsu's life wag fall. of_strange and ro. muitio hcidont: Born i Dablin in 1743, kg left Iroland baforg he was 12, nover to reviait it, But_an EnFlmhihqiniug and & lita pe; unger ‘English intlnonogs could not modity,tha traits of & atrongly-marked Celtio tompersiment, lia- potuious, waum-haarted, improvidaut, taianted, aind ath nnq_\j&, his brilliant succesuon aa a wyrizor, an orator, aud a politician, gaived.him applause, adinirors, and. frionds, bub did not sulica (o so- cura Lig old ncfi_o_lrom veglect, from poverty and shame. Ho dioil in 1814, ehortly af 1em-in§ a by i to nd. b Mmany acts of in- disoration, Hisfirt wite, tlia benutiful andnccom- plivhad Miss Lioloy, diedin 1702, A fo tachment had ever subsisted beiweon tho two, Four yours after hor 'doath -Skeridsit marriod: a. dauglitor of. Dr, Ogle, Denn of, Winchdstor, aig torigh alvosdy lie had Bacomg’ sddictad o divsis pation,"aid wad on .the, high raad to ruin, his ;nqntn wife was ds doyotod in hei love as the rat, « .Charles James Fox, bora, in 17551, and. buried ; In 1806, Legan’ and, endad' lifs, Jifo, dating ' the! carepr of Sheridan, buf his service, . U'niJisment. excecded by tou_vears that of Lis brilliatit con temporury.” ‘Ho diod’ with tho_ Larness on, Liay: ing “mado_His" last ‘speoch *in, the Houso bk, throo montlia. baforo his_dacspso. Whan - ha. ontered Pyrliawment, .. & .boy . of, 19, , followy= ug his fathor's: projudicos, he rangad hime ;molt_on Ahie kide of . the' Crown;- but, wix ‘yeurs after, e passed ovor to the aide of the Op-" Position, and was theraafiar ono of its nios} nlle and vigorous leadors. Hig uniform’ adhotenco to the cause of civil and . ‘roligious liberty .won, from bis conntrymen,the title, of .** The Man of thia P’ooplo,”.and desorves fom mankind respoot and honor. Iis patriotism and hisphilanthropy* wore genuine, 'In his"honia aud his foreign policy:ho'opposed, cvery species,of tyrauny, op- piession, and injustico, Ijs great rival in statos-, nianship for many yoars wag, William | Pitt, but | 8 of . the .{wo emipent commoners lio, side by side in Westminater Albey..: . ©ho privatelife of Fox was stained by many viced. It ia sad to relate thatin: his' youth- Lo was oncouraged in all foris of dlssipation by &' dating but ull})fluuip]od fathor.. Tha-habit of . gaming, wlilcl boset Tum theduih most of his Mifo, | was actunlly cultivated by that misguided parent, who,'m the boy's sarly, yenrs, rogularly supplied him'with a certain namber of gold 'plecos evory evening to stake in play. Itis no wonder that, with such “teaching. in'his childhidod, Fox dis- played as ‘groat’precocity in Vicy ag ho dld in_in- tellectual achiovements. 'L'lio ‘matinors of Fox were _distinguisliod by great frankness and, amiability, aud by an alinost irrosistible fassina- tion, -— . LIKE RE. ‘What would happen, do you supposs, 3Tt malguoiietts atoud say t6 Tho § “'Lte pride of ‘roses I hate (o, ued 3 Why don't you keop near the ground Uke me,” What sliouid say to.the phlox s £ foruy ani Solor ate orLbOL S o Heasa your Muker, youve it Procluoty {n all respects Hke me, . Wlnti » grape shauld say to a pesr..; %t Why are you faunting about up tisre? Boware of swiuging alous and free; You qughi to cling to a treills I Whataf s rivesshould may.toasills . 141¢ you weren't-too Iazy yowd turn, & il Study my method, and try to, be s A vuling, ToariDi river ko e, What if 5 swan should say fo a crow **Yon belang {0 the rice of go-and-sa; 1t u deadly sin for you (0, be free,—. Your oaly liope i tu’ perviiig mi ‘What i¢ » goose ahould teach & wren] Oran oagle tiy'to follow alien | - . .- ‘What {f tha monkoys shonld all agres “Thst there ought td be unlforwity | Whst 1f & man should sy n another * Differ with me and you'ra not hly brother § I huvo the truth as the oracles tell ; .80 with me or you'll go to bell1” | M, F. Butls w serivner's fur July, Politicnl Feollngin a French -Village., . M, 8nicoy Lias just writton, observes the Jall ant-Colonel of' Buck's ‘Itegiment ‘of “Militla, Wilkes violently opposed the'Minjstey of Lord" Bute, and, to secure an_effective” inétrument to, extand - hin influouce, he 'founded the Norfh Briton,—a - periodieal which quickly beoame populsr with the peopls, und ‘s powerful an- tngonist to the Government, * The forty-fifth uumber of the-North Drilon wo exnsporsted the Ministry that' Wilkew, was arrosted under & gen- ' eral warrant, his honse senrohed, his papers geized, aud himself committed to.the Toner, I'hie. arrout. was . iliogal, und Wilkkes waa dis- churged (rom custody, whilathe public, incensed at the infringement of tho libertios of & British subjeot, exalted him intos bero, and heaped éxecrm ons upon the mortifiod offiors of the rown, e . - Lut the punishment or prosecution of Wilkea didl not ktop hiers, . Lhe King deposed him from his command of the mlitis sud & copy of the obnoxious . No. 45, was ordoered to. be publicly burned, .Amoug the papers weized in his honse wan an obscene poem parodying Pape's groatest work, and eutitiod. * Iasay on Woman,” This was made the prétoxt for expelling him {rom the Houso of Commons, aud the Court of the King's Beuch ufterward pronounced the mentence of outluwry upon him, He had alvendy retired to the Contient, wud, on lenring. the docroe of the Court, eatublished his residonce in Italy, Returning to London 1 1768, he obtaimed a raversul ofithe sentenco of outluwry on a puraly. tochnical point, aud was returnod to Parliament by tho County of Middlesex, 'Then, appearing Lofora the Cours of tho King's iench, he ro- coived the sentence of Imprisonmant for twenty- twamonths, of u fina of £1,000, and of finding seourity for good hobavlor for seven yosrs after the tormn of 1mprisonment was oudod, On the opunipg.of - Parlisment tho annllcn doterminpd to eftoct the roleaso of Wilkos, that Lo might Mall Gazelte, an amusing artiole-on the manner in whioh intornocine war is-carried on. in the provinges.. It l|‘11pnm that the Town of - Mont- richard is divided in oppiulon, balf the fnhabi- tants boing cloricals and the ather hinlf Republ oane. The Oleridals got np an institute to attraoct the people, &o thie Republicans immediately ran up b theatra on the opposite wide of the strest and announced the opening. of this place of amusomont by sound of drum. To odunteract the intluence of tho:stratagem the Olorical party proclaimed & ° grand . dwmplay - of fire- works ' for the ovening on which the theatre wag:to open its doors, and thers wau ovary chanco of an empty house. ‘Lhie. Republi- cans, nothing -dismaysd, noxt purchosed . the fiold In which the Clericats bad mnde prepara- tious for tholr pyrotochinic exhibition, and pro. ceoded to demolish the, frames, etc, .This lod to a personal. encounter botweon the npsnued periies, in which both tho. gondarmes and the priest took part., - ‘Noxt oame .an action brought by tha lopublicans, Wwho obtained a yerdiot: againat all the ringloadors, with the exception.of |' the . priost, who..was .evidontly sholtored by his cloth, Both parties now claim tho victory; the Hopublicans beeanse they obtalned several cop- dganmations, aud the Olorioals baonusa the priess, who fought 1 the forofront of the spriminage, Was acquitte Famlly, Rotation, in 0ifice, A romarkable fnstanco of family rotation In, oftice oxisty in the pelootion of (Qonsul: to Fal. : moyth, England.. -Prosidont -Washinjgton . ap- | pointed as our fiyat Qunsular . roprosontative at that plag 8, M[r. . Tox, who held the otlice. many yoars,” 1o was succeedqd by his son, . who . xe- contly. gave: up, the , position, v.mu? Jthis wook Howard Fox, his son, liag boeia’ nomjuated to sucooed bus fathor. % % fior, | thin_bicliloride .of _methylin (] T sttt SPARKS OF SCIENCE. CODRA-TOIRON AND YEAST, i b An anglyali of, the dendly polson of, the.cobra shows that it Is .composed,of exnotly the samo conatituonts ns common beer-yosst, The Intter is uspd in the manufactura of hread, but tho' forinér in Ao virulent “in Its nature “that, even whan taken ' from - tho enale, and preserved for sorhe time, and aftorwatd {njociod under thig skin of anfmile, it is 1mmodintely fatal, . AEsminrics, : . According.to both Britiuh and American ta- tstics ‘ eoncorning tho. comparativo safoly of aumsthetios, chiloroform i eight times'as dan- gorous As othior,, twlce gs dangoraus s & mixtuto of chloraform_aud .moro daugerons 0 . The reportof the Loudou Chloroform Committes, pppoiutod to Invoutigate the pubject, staton tliat,with every éara’ fir & ) 5t~ L ditution of 9 vapor, th nsenuibility tha, shlorafor, ho'; state. iy Kxfiyl}mun in & fow momenta Into one of immliient eath. % i v, MAY-OARES. . Hay-oakes, composod of Ly and straw, vory fiviely cut, woll mixed with - crushed onts or ryo, and molsioped ifh' &’ golution of rspesood or (negogt oil-oaks, and thei yyoll worked and form- ed jnto, tablots, uader, yireqnnr_e. hava boop for e Lime smployed, in* France ns & convenient Wl poxtabla food for Jiorsep. \ .. EMBALMING . Digcussing the subjoct of embalming, n Lon- don’ Joutnl, predpta Somo statemonts from whicli i gppenrs,ihnt tha application of nodt to bodies fllod with bitumen was iha cssential part of tho Egyptian mummirying pracoss. All the substa fouid ' within mummies are of o Teainqus nalife; bub ‘$hcso futroquced jnto the Rront cavitios of a body, glgug. withy exterual lotions of wine, would ovidently not sudlce to ombalm it. Tho musculor tissua of many, if not all, mumyitiod fs {mprogintod With rasinoys mut- tor, Most mummios. aca alio binokoned and burned, - and ju somo tho tisanos buve been Dutrnied to nshos. Tho innior bindages nfg fone ornlly in'a state ronombliig tindor.- Tho con- clusion from thowo ovitlencos is, that, by moans ofubient, : tha body.. bueama fmprognated.. with ceraonogo, dorivad from bo decompoxition, of thoe bituman anl biindagos with whiioh it Was pre- viouily odvored, i & : T BATARNONIAC, A AL, Martinemi has ¢omminicated to the Socloto do ‘thefapontiquo & aorios,of cuses which oxhibit the vilue of sul-nmmoning in, acuto rheumatism, Tii Boma onads, & olra Was Tope n otbers, o deor 0 and tomporature rosulted, Dr. 8, {o Za, Fraiico Medicalo, that gnao gave daily aoscs ‘of ,from * Ha carriod” the quantity por 4°to 10 grammes,' dtom to 15 grammos, in. dividod. doses, for the roliof of norvous headaghe. He used tha drug both extornnlly.and intornaily in gout, as woll as iu acuto rhonmatisn, findiig it to diminish both pain end fover. Some English ph ans have used it successfully in uervbus ail It mny be dissolved in dny of the wators of: tho phisrmacopawia, % ' EXTRRIMENTS OX 1L} Tho, oxperiments for, doterminivg the effect, of tompgratuie on the, oreamiug of milk, whicl have been. carried. on thvough . soveral manths, are rocorded in-a report by Schubort, The sep- atation of falty mattor from the mlk was found ta'bo moat,rapld at 40, deg., and, yot more rapid a} 74 deg. than 8t 57 deg. It was more, complota at 40 deg. in .oightoen hours than it wes at 57 deg. after thirty hours, After twonty-four hours, at 40 dog., ouly 0,206 per cont of the_ fatly mhj- tor romained in the milk.". ‘While the diminution contited u‘)‘t'n thirty and thirty-six hours, it was #o slight a8 to hava vo practical impor- tanco, - Tests of Behwartz's mothod of immers- Jdng milk in_decp vessola, in ice-water, .showed that it gave the ' largest yiold of biittor, ‘aud ‘sléo that swoot cream “nfforded more ‘butter than sour. -Treatod by this 'method; milk never sours, and can bo preaorved ‘soveral days without injury. - It 'will also boor {transportation: to'a considerabla distanco boforo warming onongh. £6 oliange.: * Chaese mado from it is also'much bator, aud: less liablo to spoil in keoping ;- aud,- sivce butter made from- awoit, ‘cream- containa léss. milk-sugar. and casoin, it is consgquently Ioes liabla, to becomo raucid. s TAL EXTLORATIO! ,About; d of torritory fiavo al- ready been topographad by tho party coustituting Liout. Wheeler's. Territorial . Burvey. Lho re- sults of the exploration for tho years 1871, 1872, apd, 1878 are sbortly to bo published in seven Inrgn.quarto. volymos... Thoy.will contain much valuable, Jnformation-regarding , the, geplogy of tho country, its mining fadllities, and the proba- bilition of ita, miccessful irrigation. In tho line of natural history, thiq collections have boen vory extonalve, embracing at least 1,200 akins of birds, and many ‘hundred tlshos, reptiles, insccts, &c. ‘Clio botamcal, collection is #aid fo be the finost, end Inrgest evor gathored by a Governmont ex- pedition, 2 i NIGRT-RQIL FOR FUZL. , .. By, recent experiments in. Birmingham,. En- gland, night-soil and sewerage,have bacn con- verted into 8 fucl of superior quality and cheapor rate thah coal. Tho matter is rondored inodor- ous by echomieal treatmont,.” It is then. mized with a emall quantity of goal:gas tar, and com-, pressed into solid blocks of .any aizo to sult tho customer. In this condition it issard gulf com= pact, and gives forth moroly a faint odor of coal- .gas tar, "By oxperiment. it was shown thyt . thig fue], i8 botter than engine-siack for :heating stoam-boilors, ' Tt.is anid ‘to_lonve. yory, littlo ash, aud this ash oan be again: convertdd into uel, which is ovon gyperior to the original.* [n consumption it glves oif but s small quantity,of smolko, Little muzz\_flunry_ is neoded for the con- version, aud any kind of night-soil éan be used, whilo the fuel can bo offéred 'at sbout, half the price of ougine-alack. A saperior quality. for housohold-purposos cant;be mado at a8 choap & rate, Bhould this {nvontion prove. practical, 1t will gottle,the question how profitabiy to utilize our night-goil, 5o . LIONTNING-STROKES. ., At & recent meeting of tha Academy of.Sclences of.Vieuns, Dr, Bone gavo the -xesult of thirty- throe years' observation - of the phenomonn of lightning:strokes. . . Ho, polyted , out . th lightning often stiikes low, objoots when high aues.are in.the jmmediate .vicinity, Ho consid- ors that constancy of course inthunder-olouds, and ropeatod discharges ot particutgr pointy, may, be explained by tho suporioz attractions of subtorranenn mazegs of motal, . Gouoral exporis auge showy that thore is losa danger from light- nipg in.a crowded town. or village than in the opon country, Fuller, in bis * Ohuroh-Hitory,” asyorts that thero hingjnot exited & great abhoy. 1u.England which, has not, been Injured, or. do= atroyed by lightuing. _Iu all pasea. 1t 1h tlie tow- er, the spiro, or the domo, that bas been etruck by the, bolt, 7 54 . DIVEARE, FROM MILK., .. -Banitary investigations in England havo lsd to the discpyery that a large proportion of the ty- pboid in English oities jasown, by milkmen, Dr, Dutegon, | fuspeotar. of Loeds, bag Iately portant facts to thoue alroady boaring on the subject. Toward tho close of 1874 fever appeated in igolated places in Lioeds, and In distrjcts. whero tho sanilary gonditions ore uuexceptionphlo, As.a molution of the puzzling olroumsatance, it was found that.a cor- tain milk-dealor,. who got his milk froma distant farm-lonse, supplied avery family-in’ whioh - tho fever was prosont, On vislting the-farm-houso, ®ix pareons were found suftering. with the dis: oago, lying in & room adjoining that iu which the milk-canw were'kojit,-and unrsod by. the - woman who managod the dairy. A dairyman in.GHas-. gow, huving fovar In his houso, supplied saventy- three families, in - five . different streets, llld‘in those familios sixty-three cases of fever ac- ourrod, g . y . . A veries of oxperiments, conducted by German aud Freuch physiologist, domonstrated. that tho itk from 8 ow wuiering - from tuberoular dise oase muy transmit the disenso to the systomsiof ppraone--drinking. it, . Commenting . on thoue resonrchies, an Buglish joarnal remarks: * I this faotq are not overstated, the conclufons to be hug, ke precius. of universul:usa-in all nations and olimes, e uainral food of 4] nourialhiug form iu whi nibivs, {nstend of el strengthiening the putlpat in convumpijon, may be the' very means of propagating tiut too<prevalent disease, An Immediute practical reault of thews invostigatious Wil by, pot auly to strengthon the huuds of authorities i thelr vuiouvor to secure to the publio unuduiterated . tuilk, it to diruet more particularly thulr sticution to the, sources from which yilk iu ifublg to be contam. mafed, The general lnw (hat n]?lll:l (0 mgunfactures, | that the value of the produet is fnimensoly affooted Ly (e cura uved 1 1l Hiads Of 1he procuss, 1t ApPors te equally lp[:lh'uhli to the maunincture wud manugas weut of thy unbmal-product, muilk, 1 1t cau bs tho- vairce . of strengtly, oF discaye,ra, woany of ijfs ar 1&“‘1!,—“ vw‘muugt. Aun: the Bk ine \mllllho.‘mil‘tn- “Alor Lo, wea, A 0.4he, Jauyh ke fu. ot AN e e A e -lfi‘nfln,wm o ‘every eanvutial of propor fuod, pure wator, sl Pmli 5 afr, must bo continnod; while the product must bo g i ntil it renches the e e tasaanary o fees Eroln all [sapuritios, of from contact thorawith, . BOUTILAMERCAN EROLIS,. %) Trof, Jamos.Orton,. of Vassar, College, who apont somo month in'an.exploration o the Val- ley of the Amnzons, fiye or nix years ago, - onumorates ppwarda.of forty .epeclos of edible fruits which ; lig, found growing in this wonder- fully-fortlle rogion, . This la to bo taken as an index, nat a8 the limit, of the differont kinda of fruit-boaring planta whioh sbound in tho forests of Tropicpl South Amerloa, Whon solonce and qommerco nball haye opened up; this prolific country, It {s probable many valunble. vegetablo produgts will bo addd to tlm.num’?ar and variety alroady kuown, “The frfits "of 'North Amevica belbng. oh(ufl( to tho order Rosacea: (or Ross family); while; in the Bouthern Continont, tha groator number are found in thie order Myriacew ?ur Myrtlo family), . , The pine-apple (Ananassa sativa) is n native of tho sandy eampas of the northweatarn' portion ot 'South -Amerfcn, - In itd wild state the fruit growa to _tha size of au ordinary apple, and has tho true flavor, but not mich pulp,' It is ounlti- yated in almost overy village along the Amnzons, The finost pines:are grown I the region of Para, Orangos aboind the-whols length of the river, but those have probably been introdnead, It 14 uot decinlvely known where this fruit originnated, but it is Bupposed to have been firat brogght fram tho Xast’ Indics. Tho orango- treos blowsom on' the Amazons the whole yoar round, aud yield doliclous fruit. Bour orangos, Jomons, Timed, and Bweot Iemons, nre aparingl grown. In Southern Brazil the-lemon has be- coma #0 thoroughly nuturnlized that the cattlo smell of it, from cowing In uuch constant con- taet with the shirubs in their pastures. . Hovoral apecies of the custard-apple (Anona) grow - wild on'-tho Amnzon, :-The Anona squamosa, in -tho noighborhood of Sanloren, rivals-the famous ohirimoyn of Yeru, and s ono of tho most delicious fimits of the Tropics. It fs about a# large ny an orangoe, and itk sealy tiud, fucrusted. with nugar on the outside, in- clogon o rioh, cuntard-like palp, Auothor speoied, having’ ' smooth, pear-colorad- skin, grows nt Dandaon. The jabuticaba (Zugeia cauliflora) la one of the agresable frulia- of the Myrtle family, and & natlve of Brazil, .Good wine, sirup, oto., are :-made from it. : Sevoral - specias of the guava il’ams'um,wgeunn‘uf the Myr- tlo mmfiy) aro fndigonous to the Amazons. . 'fho common guave{ Psidium. pyriforim) resombles a mnall pomiograiiate. - It is usod for-making Jelly. or proverves, . A dwart. spocios. of° Paidinm. ma truit about tho size of & goosobarry, whish 1a much prized on account- of its deliclous flavor, rosombling a trawberry. . Py The largast fruit in Brazil fa produced, by the bread-tren (Arlolcarpus incisa), which hias beon introduced from tho Eust Indies. It is.somo- times, aocording-to Prof. Orton, 3 feos in dinms- ter. But littlo use is yet_mado of" it by tlie na- tives, The common moada of preparing it is by balting, whou. the inner part presents n white or yellowish pulpy..substance,, in texture. like tho crumb of & wheaten lonf,; 1t hag little tadte, but is highly, nutritious, Lhe Avooado pear (Perseq gratissimn) grows onall-the Amazong, It has the xhiapannd size of an ordinary. paar; is brown outalde, with.a soft. graen or vellowish puip, of o dolicate flayor, and dissolving-ltke . butter.on the tougna. It-{s borne Ly a. slender treo, attaining I).l\{a height of 80 to. 70 feat,. and having o dome- tike. top. .. L | . 2y Pho puuhew-xml: (Anacordium, Occidentale) and the mango (Mangifera Indica), mombers of tho sawe family .are to..be; found on the Ama- zoud, as tho nuts form a plensant article of food, an Jtheir floshy stoms, regembling a-poar in appear- iance, Lave an agreeable.and 1ofreshing. acidity, ‘The-maugo is.totho Tropics what the peachis to temperate olimates, It is kidney-shaped, sntooth, jofvarinble.pizo, and sweet and luscions tlavor, {Lko tree on;which it grows rtacs to o hoight of 180 to 40 feol; and 18 cavored with a foliage so dense a4 to bo, impevstrablo to .the rays of the ;sun, Tbis & nativo of the Enst Indles, . The banana, or plantain (Musa Paradisaica), {is tho moxt important, attiole of, diet -found on tho Amazons.. Thp.wild banana grows .on the low. shores.of tho rivor, but tho fruit of the eul-, tivated varieties ouly is.hold .in oatoom. , Tho Sapodilla plum (Achras mpa(nfl‘ grows to tho size -of an ogg, and hae a: yollowish-brown oxterior, 1t is not common on- tha. river,; Tha. atar-applo (Achras carnilo) resemblos the. former, but is- about na.largo.as.sn: erango, with a yellowish extorior and,hght-blue lutorior.. Its tasto i very aweet. The jabuti (Pisidium albidum) is an.ex~ .coliant deusert-fruit,. It is.. soaled,. about two iuches n diamator, and iucloses a richiy-flavored pulp.: The emall tres which yields it Is not onl- tiyatod,:, but_grows wild . on, tho . Middle Amazo It is unknown on coast. Tho - cumn (Hancornia. fmbesccns) is not ynlike the. Sokel poar, but it I rind, which oxudes a.guinmy milk, and a doli- clous.pulp, It is ono of the dogbanos. (Apo- cynacea:), which ara for the moat part possessed * of poisonous qualitios. The poms is an uncnltl- vatod stono fiwt, like n cherry, but oblong, and . borne on one of the loftiost tracain tho forost of the Middle Amazons, : The Genipa Braziliensis ig 8 fruiv coton with sugar, .Thé treo belougs to tho cinchoun fauuly, and grows in tho Lower Amazons, It is o cousin of the coffee-plant, Tho cupu-assu s an elliptical fruit, of & dingy, ecarthy color, with a thin, woody sholl, and a jnicy pul of ploasant fuvor.. It Is usod for ices, sirups, au Jeljios.,, It graws on a loyw tree, along the Lower Amazous, ~The roman ' (Vassiflora elata) is a fruiv of one of the passion-flowors, of the siza of & pear, and found on tho Brazilinn Awmnzons, —_— NOT LOST. Belng rooted like treos.in ono place, Our brain-follsgo toss'd . g Liko tho tho leavos of tho troes that nre canglib Ty the four winds of heaven, some thouglik lows out of tho world luto bpaco, And scoms loat, We frot, thio mind labors, heart blooda § ¢ Wa baliovo and we feat,— _ . We belleve and we Lops, 1 & Lo, Ora Truth §.or.wo doubh til wa ie, Purblindly xamining creeds ‘With & snoer! To Tifa wo apply an inch-rulo, And to its Dostower; . @ . Tach o self an infalibls pricat, Juch struts to thetop of the feast,.. ‘Auyd says to hfa brotler, **Thou fool) Godown lower," But, all'n iko tracs from our place, 11ld, fwbadied, omuoss'd, Qur toad luaves re raked up for mold, And som that woro sun-ripsand gold, Blown out of tho world {nto space, Are ot loat, : —Mary Drotherton- in Hacmdlan, : Lnke Witicneca, Thig {s the most sipgular and intoresting Inke in tho’ world, ‘Bituated on the creat of “the Andes, it is the:highest largo body of fresh water § and sa concurront traditions point to v a8 tho'spot whero Muuco Capac, tho first Incs, appeared and woko tha aboriginal tribes from thicir long slcop.of barbarism and . ipnorauce, it i tho historla contro -of Sonth America, Hum- boldt ealled it the thontra of the earliont Amerl- can olvilization.,, On an fsland within it are tho imposing ruius of the temple of the sun, and alt around ‘it~ Aro' monumonts which® atteat the skill ' and “maguificence . of * the ' Inoas. ‘There are aleo, a8 at Tiahuanaco and Silustanl, the remnineg of burial towers and' palages, whioh antedate the ctusedos, gud aro thorefora pro-in- carjal, . Lake ‘Titicaca {a about tho siza of our Ontarlo, ‘whallow on the'west and north, !decp toward the east and outh, - Tho castern or Bo- livian shora, being ‘backed by the lofty raugo of Boratn, 18 very high aund prooipitons, ~ Tha Jake naver froszes over, although the tomperature of Puno s often 18 deg. at suuriso. T'wo little alenmora of 100 tons each do & trifling bueiness, Hteam i gonerated by llama dung, the only fuet :& the conntry ; for there are no trees within 150 len, 'T'hie tesmors notually cost thelr weighit insilver ; for thoir transportation (in plecos) from the comst. cook as .much as tho originnl pilce.: A nleambont company has just -asked from Doltvin the oxolusive privilgge ‘of navigat. ing Titieaca and the Rio' Dosaguadero to Lugd Pumpx, with & guarauty of 0 por.cent cost on the, capital and & share in all new mines discovored, Prot, ‘Orton, tha latost travelerin that:rogion, calls ‘attention to the. fact thet Lake Titicaca is notko high. as usually given 1 geographical worlia - by about" 100 feet, 1ts' true altitude’rs 19,408 feet, and in'the dry' souson it 4 feat less, This fact hax been rovealed by the conncoutive lgvelings made in building the Arequipa' Rallway Em finisbed, which renchios from the Puoifie to wke Titiquos.—Soient{fic American, 2 . (3111 o (A correspondant”says: * Dugseldorf 18 still reprexented by spme of the .mowt colebrated ar- tlst living, - Ludwig. Kuaug; the. great. genre painter, ives bero ; -Jiunus, who is to ‘paluting srhat Dickons is to Htorature,. It is wald 'of him. that kot Laving'many advance oydors dufing the. war of 1870, e gccutpiod much of his time in frescolng the.dining.room of Lia bouso, A pi ture doaler coming in ovo day, saw the painilngs,: Baid v, * Would you woll thesa piotures if gome ouw wore to.gjve you 20,000 thilers for :them 7' * No,' enid Kunus, Jokingly, ' I caunot soll them under 60,000 thi . *YAgroed ; I will-take yhom b that prical’ oried the deafor,, Bure enough the ngxt day. mon cama-.and. .curefully, remove Tho first might be called & doubla fruit, | the: ms & havd . fanutics, they risk -Lealth, and life. by 'tors, he finds it tha pajutings, sud JKukup kat}i0,000. it wrk of i P k0,000 ¢ for Pyamigr. s -] e FAMILIAR TALK. * MARSITAY, NONELIZU'S LOVE-LETTERS, The racont anlo 6f a oollection of love-lattera addrossod to Marabial Richishion, the fimous gnl- Iant of tho olghtoonth coutury, has aMorded Paria & palatablo dish of seandal, The doscend- ants of many a nobls houo aro eiluging with mortifiention dt tha botragal of the shame of some fomalo anosstor whowo soorot was confided to one or more,of thése uufortunate missiyes, and now i published to the woild, It i said that at loast a acoro of tho beautlful snd titlod - womon who figuted conspionoualy ot the Court of Lonls XV, ars Liero discovered fa {lio list of Richoliew's victims, Tho lettors’ of thoso. noblo damos aro 'as . notablo for . bud ppolling a8 . for ardor iu . . expronsion, ‘Lho Irincosse do Bournouville, the Duchgs: do_Goutant, Duchasso do. Mortmoronoy. ooy Duicliesso de Modoun, committed their «passion to flnpqr Wit ofluu.l iudilferauce to propriety nua orthiography, Dt wheit was ah enamorad mnun aver known tocriticiuo the grammar of his' fn- amorata? It1sthe beauty of her, form, the charm of hor fiico, ths, protty abandow of her maunot that o is absorbed {n admiving, The abaones of wit and shental tralulng pussos wne noticed, One of thosn fair and frall beunties writoa to th -condquering Dike , that **sho prefags liis lova to thoe hopes and joys of Para- dise ;" anothor murmurd, in onvy of Lls wifo * Tlow happy is alio whb imay love you withoub 8in " and n third, with o stiay grain of wikdom, remarks s *'Bliort follios are Liost; lob us end outs now, befors wo hecoms disagreoablo to onch other.” If ‘thdra bo noy w lesson in virtue offered by this oxposure of human weal noss aud orror, thoro. certainly {8 one in pru- denco, 'The man who ancourages illicit love can nover bo trusted with o womau’s porilous soeret 3 and sho who puts In his'haiid thoe written avowal of her guilty passion way naver thereaftor rosh safe that it will not, ot some futurd montent, | avon long.aftor alie has molderad to dust, appoar ay fatal ovidenco ngaiust hor, . TRUDION, TIE ARTIST. ., . Another morsel of gosaip which Parls is juat now rolling with rolish under the tongua hns grown oat of tha exbibition of the piotures of the artist Prudlion,, whioh'has boot opéned for tho bonellt of his doughter. Among the piotures 18 a portrattof * ALady;" and uhus s the Fronchy romance connected with it: Prudhon and hia wife did not find thomsolves afMuitios ; honee quar- rels and & soparation, History is silent with ro- gard to the rosonrcas of Madame Prudbon 1n her divided stato, but the Monsieur found consola- tion in the companionship’ of a Mademoisella B—, wlio for. years gavo him the ministrationa of & faithful and eclf-sacrificing anurie. 'Sho shared pationtly, boroically, * for ‘better’ and Tor. worse, hia lifo,, Lis poverty, bis capriced, until hor youth aud bamity had flad,, Word canio oue morning . thut Madawe Yrudhion wag dend; Monsieur throw down Dis bruslies withi a hoarfy “0hank God 1 Aud will yon marfy sgain. now that you nro froe?" tromblingly inquired Madomoisalte B—, * Tlenven forbid!” ropliad the. artist, vigorously restming his brushes by wn{ of amphnais, ) PR fademoolie {urned quistly away, and ihio noks dny was found dead from suieldo. Hha"coyld’ live and seryo the mai whom she loved, in pover- ty, privation, and contumoly, xo loug sy the hopo ' that e would do her justice 'when tho tite camo uphiald horflioart;but, whon that hope was crushod, tliera wan nothing Ioft poor Madarmoinslla but déath, Her poitrait gurvives to tell the ry of her misplaced trust and the artist’s ingrati- tuda, 3 ¢ A PIILANTIEROTIC DRY-GOODS-IAN. Bat thero are-good things to be recorded even ot ungodly Puris, And hers-is ono which pro- sents an example worthy of Chicago's imitations Tho proprigtor of ono the Parisian dry-goods ahops has oponod a large lecture and read- ing room In conncotion with his establishmont for tho benefit of his clarks. Hero they in leisuro hours,access to books and new the uso of writing matorialy, and 1 variony fordign languages,—all provided freo of charge.” The rooms form an attractive resoit, ospocially for suchiamoug the huneflciaries ns Liavono frionds in-thoe ity ; ‘wlitlo thé moval and intellectual advantupes aecrmug from the phi- lanthtopy are boyond estimate, , + THE BELLE PAUL. | W o A:new one-not plny, which hns just been pra- ducod nt the Theatre Francals, is based npon an incldent in the ‘romauticlife of one Bulle Paul, who lived in the time of Franeis I 8lo was & nalivo of Toulouse, and wag rongwned throoghout France for Ler :marvelous beauty. Evon the- King- onco journeyed to the city of her reasidonco expressly to . 8co her who was lovely ad Venus; .yet chaste ‘ag Dians; All this homago naturally sunoyed the peace of her groen-syod husbaud, and the cur- mudgcon actually ‘threatened to mbut the poor lady up,—to forbid her appéarance in public at all," But the public would not snbmit to this privation of what it gonildered its legitimate right,—tho opportunity of ‘frequontly viewing the oxquisito Dollo Paul. Besuty, it properly ronsoned, whother in a sunset, in a cloudlot, ina roso, & picture, or a sweot wompnn's face, wng mnda to bo looked at with reverent damiration, nud 1o ono man should. bealloived & mouopoly of tho priviloge. Bo the Parllnment “of Tou- louse actunily . passod 2’ decree’ ' that the Beilg Paul should walk in the' atraets at least twico & waak, and tiot bo 1oo thickly veiled, or shawled | On this eubjocs (ko now pluy I8 fauudad, and tho toxt, In keoping with tho tmotive, Is wiitten in some of tho prettiost vorses in the Fronih languago, = BUNDAT I¥ FRANCE. 4 As a hint of tho' Fronchman's ides of the ugas of the firet day of the wook, we copy from o loug list of the popular amusementa adver- " tised n tho Frouch papers to take placo’'on Whit Suuday, ‘the following: At Nauterro, Sui- day: Coronation of the Réairo (the most desorving villago-malden) « in tHo churoh, with tho nssletance - -of " the commitnal band;' theatrical - entertalnmonts, gamos, illu- minations; ‘grand ball. Argenteull, Sunduy: Concort and games ; salvoes of artillory on both banks of. the Soino. " Gonisse, Sunday ;- Mualeal mags, race on stilts, concert, dramatio revrosen- {ntlous, Blooting for -prizes, ball, Heorea, Sun- day:* finll.‘ llumination; * gatias. -+ The - publio admittod’ gratis to -the china-manufactory, Yersnillag, gu’ndny :+ Display of ‘the grand fount- ain, lowers {n the parle ., DIROIFLES‘OF RUSKIN. . A company of Oxford students, ardent dis- ciplos of Ruskin, have. adopted his theory thab tho .musoular - force which-ie “now wasted in crickoting, boating, and othor athletic aports pop- ulsr With young Englishinon; shoiitd * bo, ex- ponddd in useful labor. It is the argumant of tho groat Utoplan, that ¢ {a nobler to dig aditeh, mand a road, till & widow's gardou-plat, or ‘pile up a'stono-wall, than win & race on’the Thames, oretand at the hend of tho ‘' Eloven.” In ao- cordarico with this fing-sounding tlicory, a band of young undergraduatos . luve boen employing thoir.gpure time-aud muacloin digging at Hinch- oy, a placa nour tho University, muking ** & now roud which leads nowlhigre,and over which nothing will ever. paus,” The oritical and ‘irroveront publio daclara that their, work thus fur is & fearful boloh, rasembling: a partioulacly-bad and uqflmnhm.‘ raflroad-cutting ; thut they have roadotad the rondway mugh, niuddier aud mors’ impassable than it was bofore ; and that no ona will bo benofited, and no one grateful for thewr, dirty job .when it is over. . lhe Engliuh papors disonss the matter atv langth, and question it .English gentleman are direotiug their energios in tho riglt clauoel when they paiform work whigh Iaborera need torthe sakeof the puy; when thaey contract thoir chests over the upm{n, instend of expanding them with exeicise At tho of enticing hor into matfimony., Thoman wha Dins shown binsoll capablo of a chivaltous and faithml dovotion “to~a “wifofiftoon yoars hig sontor haw n olaim to the houor, if not tha lov of - any ‘wonian, -nd ‘dvery ganorous-hoatth, womnn would rejolce If, in his-old age, Lo wers blessed with the companioubhip of o lmly worthy . of Liw rank, his henrt, and his namo, The Countoss of Cheatortiold is the widow of thio eatimablo nobleman who, was taion ill, with this Princo of. Walok, at the house of: Lord’:Lon- doshorough, at Bearborough, some pighteen or twonty months'ago, Sha in about ‘40 vesrs o ago, n Iady of considorabla boauty, admirabla tact, and good taste; nnd omfiioutly fitted to pro« side ovor s groat establishmont with becoming grace and dignity, : Digruoll still rotaing hls residonco at ITnghen- dor- Manor, ‘Buckingliamshire: ; It Is .on of tho mout besutltul'and uristocratio pinconin England, and, although i has passod Into'tho hauds of ono of his lato wile's hoite, ho continues to ront it, and koop it b exquislte order. Ho s suid to ba desitous of purchnsing tho eatate; and,-sliould he mnrey again, and acqtilro- an hoir, to hls fllustrious name and nmple propertics, that desire will'be much 'ineroased, . DEOQLLETE TOILETTES, A tady, writing from London & description of the great mocial avonts that have ocourred ro- Lently in the circlon of the arlatocracy, colls.at- tontion {5 tho excossively docolleto ‘tollotten worn by Euglish women at dinnors, parties, and alt full-dress (1) ocenslons, At one,of tho fonsts givon in honor of the Czar, ahe enya: ! They all hnd low-neck dresisos,—siich low necks thab I declare to you, when thoy wora sented, thoir onds nppeared to bo the only patt ‘of. thoir -pore #on that worodressed.” At tho drawing-rooma of the Quoen, ovory lady in attondnneo, whethior she Lo old or young, fat or Iean, - ugly or lovely, must appoar in .a costuma that ‘rovenls without resorve hor mneok: and shoulders: 8o rigorus {8 the rule tlint, 1ast yoar, * B Indy who presented horsolf fu n squaro-nockod dtoua woa turned bk by tho Court-Charbora luiv. Tho dieplay vens not. eufilciontly. complota to sntisfy Court etiquotte, And yet, of all wowon on the faca of tho'onrth, the English womon one Joy tho highest repuitation for prudory—or por- bans wo should suy, propiaty. ., . ! Jut, the Luglish womon nro not peoulisr thow habit of woering dacolloto toilettes, Thair Fronch sldtors pruatice tho anme cuiitom, and carry it Lo still gronter oxcess. It Is.snid of. tha Princoss Mettornich, that onco bwving .o coatly drova made, _the. pattern proved scaot, and te niiterial . could not Do matehod o Turopo. Thore wns 'n dilommig- The middiato hosltatiagly suggested, * 1f. Al®imo lo Triucess: could:-only go- without sloovos,”. * Withoutsloov as? . Cortainly; they, aro of - no cohsequonco,, vas tho roply. * Accordingly, tho Trinteds apoon o at o ball ths noxt ovenlng in her ologant no « costuma, with gold bands moot- ing ou tho snouldor in dinmond clagps, 48 apoto- gics for tho alwout sleavos. Unliko' tho bosuti- tul Pauline Zonaparte, Madmno Rocaunier, and ottior dating Hollns wio nssumoil tho Grook' coge tunto fif tho days of *Ia Liborte ” in France, the Princoss - Mettornlol' is_thin and- augular, and ennnot stone by.personal chorms for what' hoe costume oy lack indisplay, .. . |, At one of tho gratd ball3 lately given'in Parls, .80 odd 1itti sonsation uwod its oriigin to.ona of those sama doovlleto tollottes. Tho'entranca to the suppor-room was through a narrow passago, on either sido of which was siationod; o file of Livauiod worvants. Asalady, distingaished fortho Jongth of lior train aud tho lowness of, hor core Buge, was traversing tha passngo,'onoof the men bent forward to gaze upon the wuusuaily bosutitul nook and shouldors o frooly. mwullmf, ab the same time malking somo soqually, freo commont upon. tha . oxpopure, , ‘e irate hus- band hurided ott after p policeman, and,’ brings ing one in, roquosted that hoshould arsost tiva otfendor,:- But tho policoman, on hoaring .tha caso, imeroly slirugged his. shoulders with a laugh, and declared thero was no Law forbidding & nigu, 46, udiirc o protty woman's 'bust when 'sho gave bim tho opportuuity, ' The gentleman’ thon mads a ldw unto buwolf; nud knocked the. waiter flat. .. Ho-was thoroupon Limself ,acrastod snd marcliod off o tho station, whore ho Wi confined. all night,.aud fined fur agganlt aud bilttory noxt morafog. Quety : Whou a man- impudontly ghzes ‘ab 8 woman's Enr‘un ;huuldum, ‘which of “tito bwo morits ropro- ation pre N | MY SLAN, - Thia swest obild which intn olimbed w - Vlits aunbar-Liuired, four-summerod littlo maid, ‘With Tier unconacloha beiiity troibloth: e, - Wikly ot low rattle maketli mo aftild,. Al Aurting | when yon elipg aud nostlo 5o . You bufi me, thouya you do ot aca ma cry, Nor hoar tho'woaraiews with which I sigh For the dear babe I killod so long ago, 1 trewmblv at'tho touch of your caresas You'stab me with' your dove-oyed, funceent - O'cruel knfves of whetted worldliness, That Iaid mine own cbifd-hoartcilnoss {) doatt * _ Beside whose grava Ipaca for everinote,: = Like Duvolation on a sh{pwrecked shore] Therd fa no HEflo elfld within mo sioi, . ‘To slug back to the dalsies, to loap o ‘When June winds kiss me, whou un nn’;x‘b-bem Lauglis into blosso: r 8 butteroup Filtora the’sunshine, or's violat . - . - Gladdens in o glid daw,., Alas | alaal ... ;Lhe Bt of tho primiota I ho grae Tliivu for gorton, and, If my olieeks arg wwaty It Is not witn the blitheucss of the ohiid, Bt with the lieavy S0rrowa of 80ra yeara, O moautug ife; with Life {rrocondllod { © bekurd-looklng thought? O pain1 O toars} For,us there ia uot any ailver sound . b aga Of rhythunfe wouders springiug from tho ground, W’Rt f"ukl galned ? Tus‘ e aoklsh Tors at makos nien mummles, wolgh ; Ot it wii wns. mlr‘n:;ulu\:s Botaray o 707 frala ud sucers the Leart down with tho mc A Tise nkept]o's pooring, aulytic waga, - -6 DB 1 That dry. the tomlar Julcos of this brosat, . And put the'thunders of thy Lord to tadt 80 that no marvel must be, dud 0o praiso, o hor any God excont necduity. A , earthiy duyw; that I bave served ao t /0, urid husked O, batoand fenoerinhy. Take back your.doubtful wisdom, sud Tonow ALy early foolish Lcopluzgss of thlo duncoy. ., 1 - e Whioxo stmple fustinets gucssed tho heave o —Riclard" Redlf tn Harior's Majoed A Ten=Yenr O1d Colored - Roy Who ‘Wants to KIII Ont Kl unycb. Anpup rom tho Forsyth (Ga) Adoertuaer, out--& month sinoe, & nogro boy, iiving on the farm of M. Fontor Shi, uoar Colnpareh, in Monroo County, numed Albert Buttle, on. iy knoe, W restod aud brought to Foruyth, chargad with aae soult with inteut to murder, 1o i apid to bo 10 or 12'years of ago, Ho took up two nopro chil- drau (boys), rgod rospoctively 4 and 6 ":’:nw, mf\d whippod tiem goveroly, It is said tflm in this his' motlior assisted’ him, holditig thd ohildren while he whi&)pnd thom. The oldest one of the boys succaeded in nscn(t)lng, and ran off, This young scotndre! thon attompted .to drown the other child in a oreel, but was provented, But tho culmiuation of his villufny was reachod Just b0 woeks ‘sinco in ‘an attempt to murder outvight a small negro givt, 8 yoars of ago, tha child of Potor Myriok. 'I'he mothor of tha ohild was aick, and allowed bher to go to Mr. Taylor's house to amuse hersclf laying with the children there, At hoon'whon sho - startod to 0 honis to dinuery she wont, by the housa where Albart lived, thinkigig perhaps 'sha would fiud her mother there, * Albert offered t6 go homo with her and sanigh her in getting over fouces and rough placed, Bha asanntad, ahd thoy started off tos. gother, Whoi they-lud procoedsd only's short dintanoe ho picked up a_rock, and, atriking the child on the fioad, brulsdd it cousideradly.. He &l40 took u knife’ and ‘mado sevore wounda oo Rer lioad. After ho®ad dono thys ko draggod. her toa doep ‘ravine aud throw hor lntn,fi, a dimance ‘of about fifteen foot. Although bloeding and braiwed, sno still had strougth enough to attompt to crawl out, when hio seized a large pitie limb, ahd, striking her on the lioad, knoclked hor back, 1Mo then foft hor for dondy sud wont oft, In a short time aftor a man famed Willls acoidoutally found bor l.vm%iu tho ditch, our and whon, haviug, for the most part, the Lrail and cousumptive frames that hulp:)glto treadin, dally for houvs in the slush and, mire., Undu'x;- tho treatment L6 which prosy sonke subjoots the matter, . the . aghievemunt, of . the Univoisity students does ' put on a slightiy-ridioulous aspect, B 3 DIBRATLY, Tt {a reporteds of more,gay aud afry in mauner, ‘mora suave aud | ipmrkiiug I conversation, and more fine snd Jautity in attivo, than during the present Lon. don ueason. . At 67, with the cares of atate ou bis shoulders, hie Is a8 much the mun of sacioty and of fashion ay when; i bis yonth, 'ss the au- Disraell ‘that bo was nevor | apparently’ dend, Ouln‘; to the liouso of fior parents he told thom of it, and her fathor imme- diutoly enrried Ler homo, ~ Althugh oshausted, hfir lobs of bloud eud stunned by’ tho blows, alie " regained - connclousness aud told her fatlior lel. Albert had out at:d bent hor aud tried to kill or, - 7 * 3 On account ‘of the youth of this desporado, nothing has been doua toward punlnllh‘l’g him! He aday'thisviug to his othor accomblishments, aud has stolon ‘s finely-bound book and a gold walolt within the lust, two wool, Tlis y would-be murdoror avows an intontion to " out the race," " —_— .. _AmaAugagioe s RRobborys | . ., Asdoriligidus robbary of yare audgcity has talen’ - place gt the Church of 8t Philippo du Roule, iy thor of © Vivian Grav," Lie wau the fayoritp of Gore Houeo, and the pot of Lady Dlessington, who atyled him * the most joyous doudy I evor: saw," Yot Disrnoll slncorely mournod tho de- voted wife Lo |aid in thp giave noarly two yearg g0, and bo-wtill romembers kier with gratefn! aifoction, - Au the first of: Hor Majeuty's Minjs-. o8EREY o, 40 taka tha palitical leadership. I8, expltod . pastion. i e cptul, e, to | Chowtationd, with Lifas woeial a8+ well which bolongs to . Rumor wispors, ~ wit! o8+ Counton tie Faybourg 8t, Lonore, Paris, . Bame workmen Word lately employed to. do somio. ropairs.to the roof,, Tha duv afler they hud dono, throe men with & hopse und cart came dowa at hooday ta tho baok of. the churob, sct up a luddor, geined Yo lop, nud thkaiv dows shoots of- Joad, Wihchy they made.olf "with, . ‘Che neighbors fanoying thot tabo the'samo men omplpyod, 100l no olica of thelr procaodingii, Thoy contuiuéd thoiy robs bery for, throd duyy ruunbg, and made nyway with as mueh wg m‘tl‘)uu'umnl poinds of les “{\ 08, ngt 41l thie rain fyll through' the. roaf. upon Y( 0 vun!r]_{ium.l!mk uulmnkmguou way. mgdo, whiph, ~}fflé? lig dikoolery'of thio' thieft, biit nok of {he'