Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 20, 1874, Page 3

m CHITTENDEN., His Doolaration Against MeClelland ond Jenkins. He Wants $100,000 From Those Gentlemen. This Would Have Been Mis Share of the Profils If the Work Had Been Properly Done. ‘Wicked Ways of Defondants. 1t was thought when the District of Columbin Yuvostigeting Committco was through that nothing more would bo heard of DeGolyer & MoClelland or of tho great Chittoudon. Dut that oxpeotntion was in 'vain, OChittondon do- mands 8 hearing, no$ beforo tho tribunal of pub. lio opinion, but befora the Cirouit Court of Cook County, Ho ls not satisfled with tho trentment yeooived at the handa of Monsre, dcClellana and Jonkins, and bonoo ho linsrosorzed to Mr. Storrs, who brougght him forth unsoathed from the or- ileal of & Congreeslonal invesligation, to stato hiia ongo to tho Oourt in tho best possible argu- montative, pathetic, witty, and sarcastio style of 1ho eminent counsollor. THE DECLARATION, which waa filed yestorday, is 28 follows: @eorgo R, Chittenden, plaintiff in thys sult, by Storrs Flalcr, his uttorneys, compluing of Robert McOlule nd sud Olorles £, Jonlius of & ploa of trespass ou 10 Caso On promises For that whoreas, heretofore, to-wit : On the Ist doy of November, A, D. 1871, ot, to-wit, thio Oify of Chica~ 0, in the county and Binte aforesull, by o certnin con- rict in writing then sud theto mado und_ ontered into and _ between tho pluintitf of the oune purs, and the defendunt, Itobert MeClolfand, sud ©uo 'David L. DeGolyer, binca docoancd, undor iho fiem namo aud style of DiGolyer & McClolland, of the othor part, and which aaid contract the plalntift now Lringa bore intocourt, date whereof ia o certain day and your therein mentioned, to-wit, tho day and yoxr aforéaald, * IT WABAGLEED, {n consideration {hat the said plalnt!ff lhnd under- takon to secure contracta for strect improvonionts for tho aald DoGolyer & McClelland, for the States onst of tho Btates of Alohigan aud Okbio, south of the Ohlo River and cnst of the Miesluslppi Itiver south of ils therofore Lo Lrlngs his wult, &o, and rodolent with the aroma of clovor. all well onough, porhiaps, to the poct, the lover, and tho porsun of largo leistive; but ono poetlias unid s received Uy him hod {ho 8031 DoGolyar & MoOlelland performen and kopt thefr satd contruot and undor- tnking ity lifm o8 nforesaid, And that thero was by vendott of_Lho prointsoy, dito and awitig from aald Dy Goler & MeClallowd ¢ sald vty rovioun to on iha il iy of Moy, 147, tho waid suin of S100,000), accarding 16 1ho condftions'of_sald contract mndo and entoroil into betwoon anid DoGolyer & MeOloland nud 1ho plinti as aforosald, And thie sald plntil furthor anithy, thnt the seld de- fotidnnte linvo falled and neglocted o carry out and perform tho conditfons of ssful_contract ro inade and ontered into Lotweon him and the sntd DeGolynr & Me- Clolland, na_aforcanid, whoroby ansl by réasou aud means of the pronifsck ho han aufforred and suatained damagea i1 the sum of $100,100, "o tho damago of tho suld plalnti of $100,000; and "PIIG FARM AND GARDEN. Tho Battle of tho Weodn—Shall We Cultlvate to Feed tho Plants or to I tho Weedr?=1Wnsto of Lithor— Tenching the Flomoats of Agriculs wre in the Common Schools. Lrom Our Agricultural Correspondent, Outaxrata, 3, Juno 17, 1874, Juno lina boan oulogized as thio month of rosos, That is Tho Iunntic, tho post, sud tholover, Aro of finngluation sif compact, So wo may pass by all this matter of roses, clover-bloom, green poas, steawberrfcs, and carly potatocs, and come down to THE DATTLE OF THE WEEDS,—~ abaitlo thot hoa boon all tho memth thus far, and to the end must bo, pursued with unflagging zeal, the battle with tho hoo, tho horrow, the culti- vator, and the roller. in favor of tho hoo,—tho hoo that had poison in its edgo, o sharp odge, of courso, applied by muscular arms, woll-suppliod with elbow-grense. ‘Well, that doctrine is tho raceived doctrine of to- dny at tho East, as I have found on n recent viait,—tlo lios boing tho groat antagonist fn tho warfare, whero plg-woed, quack-grass, pursiain, or dock dares to rear Ity hond. But this is not the doctrine of the West, where the cultivator, the doublo-shovol, the harrow, aud the rollor, play 50 conspicuous o part. snother question : Ihiave boon out in the fialds Jooking at Dy earty oducation was And this basled to WY THE BATTLE OF TIE WEEDS ? Do wo cultivato and hoo simply to kil the woods ? Most cortainly that is the doctrir,o, the orthodox dogma, in tho farmor's creed, 'and ho in & horotic who disbolioves it. Irerctios oven inrogard to tho ‘killing, of the w oeda. Yot tlere aro :To state it plainly: With proper -culture wo hav o no occasion to hinvo a battle wit/ 1 the weeds, conflueuce with the Olfo River, thosuld DeGolyer & | The primary object of good cultur o is uot the ‘McCQlelland then and there belug contractors for Btreet-improving, wood-paving, curbivg aud fillng, owaing, snd, in-thelr busiuess as contractors, using, yarfous patents ; that thoy, the eafl DeGolyer PcQlelland, would pay to said pluiutiif for his norvices §n procuriug contracta in tho nforeenld Htates for strcot-Improvemonts and for all expensen fucurred and disbursoments mado by sald platntill, i sud about {10 procuring of tha ald coutracts, ONE ‘UMD OF THE NET TROYITS actsfng from the complotion or perfurmiaiice of {hio contracts no procured by tho sakd plaintif os uforesaid, And it was ulso further sgreed by and between the #add pladuti(f ond tho said DeGolyer & McClellund fo and by said contract, that, in order to determine the profits upon the contracts procureil by said plaintill us aforesafd, un account of (he nctual cost of the muterial, tue esld DeGolyer & MeQleliand, aud that «ll moneys received upon kajd contracts in excesa of the amount 0 found should bo considerod a8 tho net profits upon 2uid oontract, Aud tho sn{d plainti(r further eaith that it wos also furtlier ugreed in ond by satd contruct by aud botween tlo partios theroto as nforesald, that THE PROFITS ARISING death of the woeds, but the fricding of the plants; giving the corn, tho pote toes, and tho whole litt of produots, suitablo 1 lant-food, that tho roats slall tako up, and ttwus add to their Bolid tigsties. Fooding planty | sir, tho plants feed us, Well, lot us oo, Wo plant a row of potatoes, and,, it wo do not hoo Why, my dear thoy aro killod them, by the weeds. Just so, ond that proves that the weeds must bo killed, or no potatoes will bo found in the billat digging-timo, Had wo kept down the weeds, k.o cnso would have been Iubor, trunsportation and oxponacs should bo kept by | gifferent. Thus no o a0 can eny that weed- killlng is not cssential ‘to a erop of potatoos ; and thus the proof js posit ive that hoolug is tha great ossential, threo times was poirited out as the true farmer, aud hiy oribe wore alwnys full of lusty ems; The farmer who coutd hoo his corn from-tus performance of auy cuntracts procured by whilo the farm er vwwho hoed ais corn but onco tho eald piofutiX. as aforesald should be divided Dotween the purtica thereto, the said plaintilf nud the £2id DeGolyer & MeOlolland contracts procured by said plaintiff propressed nnud was paid for, in the proportion of one-thifrd (o tho sid plaintiff, aud two-thirds tothe suid DoGolyer & Mo~ Ololtand, a8 fust a3 the work upon by suld coutruct £0 mnad und entered fnto us uforesaly, farther underatood und ogreed by and between tho gafd laintuil nnd tho estd DeGolyer & McClelland, that Firon tho rocuring of tho contiasta for treot imirove. tenta us_aforesaid, by the enid plaintir o8 aforcsmd, Tt aatd plasatit, yas to huvo nothiug to do. will tho performanco thircof, and was {0 bo esonerated fram glving auy further attention therolo, and that 1Dp sajd contracta 80 procured by tho suld plaintiff for {ho uadd DeGolyer & McClclland, a8 aforcauid, were to carriol on aud’ compluted Dby lho said DeGolyer & McClolland in o first-olaes and workinanlike manner, And the sald Iaintiir furtlier says, that upon the execution and de— fivery of eafd contfact s acoresnid, ho eaterod wpon Ihe porformanca thércof on his part, and did ut tho re queat of the sald DeGolyer & McClellund, undoriako to rocure for them o contract from tho Bourd of Public {¥orks of the Districtof Columbia for lsying 200,000 square yards of wooden pavement IN TUE OITY OF WASHINGTON, of tho patent kuown sa the *DeGoiyer' No.2,” tho wood 0 be treated Ly tho Samucls process, & futent thun owned and used by tho said Dediolyer & McClel— s nd, ‘Aud the plnintiff further asys, thot in performance of pald ugreement, aw aforesaid, and ot the n‘pcflul fu- stunce aud requent of sald DeGolyer & McClellund, as. wforesaid, hie did sccure from the Board of Public Works, District of Cofumbis aforeeald, sn_sawurauce 10 1 contract wil the said DoGolyer & BicCleliond for Inying 200,000 square yurds of woodeu pavements of the putent known ns the * DeGolyor No, 2. Wood to bo troated by the Samuels procces on such stroots as might Lo designated in the City of Washiugton by the satd Doard of Publle Works, the whole of snd work 10 bo completed within tho §r}ull of five months from fhe 25th day of Jume, A. D, 1872, sufd pavement to id for at the rato of $3.60 per square yard, And tho sald plaintiff further overs thot the sald contract 8o Booured by him 08 uforcuaid, and tho sald mward was, on the said 25th day of June, A. D, 1872, at. ‘Washington, fn tho, District of Colimbla, to wit: nt Chicngo, Cook Conaty, aforemnld, duly accopted, ape proved, and ontered into by the said DeGolyer &'Mo- Clellun Aud tho safd plaintif further avers that thoroupon tho sald DeGolyer & McClelland began tho work of Iaying puvement undor knid contract with the Bourd [ of Public Worka of tho District of Colunbis, &0 socure ed by tho plulutiff us aforeanid and luld of sald puve- ment_ubout — squara_yurds, for which thoy wore pald ond recsived tho sum of £8,60 por squsre yard, ‘amounting in the whole to tho sum of $—. And tho said plaintiff further saith that afterwards, fo wit, on the 9th duy of Muy, A. D, 187, to wit, al Chieago, Conk Connty, afaresuld, iu conslderation of tho sum of $1 to themn in hand patd, the recoipt whereof wa'y therchy coufesscd und acknowledgod, tho aid defond ~ ants, Kobert McOletlaud and Charles E, Jenkins, mar jo snd entored into their certain writton agreemont w'ith the sald plaintif benring date the sald Olh ¢jay of Muy, A, D, 1873, whoreln and Whet oh ey promifed and sgreed ood 1 i T CARILY OUT AND PERFORS with tho plaint{f, the conditions of the said cor jtract mado and entered tnto Latween tho said pliatii { aud the suld DcGolyer & McClolland, including those which had not beon porformed ot tha date of th s snid syreement and undertaking of tuo sald defend’ ints, to wit ¢ thoOth day of My, A, D, 1873, aa well us * ko to ‘bo performed 1hereafter, Aud tho safil plaiudiT furthior saith that ¢ i sstd Dedolyer & McCloliand, contriving and wr ongfully and unjustly intending to injure tho eald plai atify, did ot nor wonld perforan their said ngreemont nor their sald promiss nod undertuking, but thereby GUAFTILY AND SUILY. DECFIVED iho satd piafulif, in this, to wit: that thosald, DeGolyer & McQGlollsud wholly noglected and omit! ed to pay lo the euiil plafutlif the one-third of 1ho * act profits erdelng from tho work dono under esid c oncract so recurcd by the gafd plaintlif with the Board of Publo Works of the District of Golumbla aforesntd, amounting to the sum of $50.0'0, and tho sid defendants bave bitherto wholly faile d and refuse to porform thelr sald sgreemont with said plaiutifr, and havo farlod and rofusod and atifi fall and refuss to socount to and with said plaicaiff for ‘the one-third share of said profits, and havo fuflodd ani rofusud and il fal and refuro {0 pay tho sumD oF sny part thereot ovor to sald pluintiff, And tho nn‘ld plaintiff furthor axith {that the actual «cout of lnying wald pavonient go sgreed to beluid by the said DeGolyer & MeClulland a1 aforevafd, fnolnding tho sctual cost of materia), labo r, transportation, and , Was ot to excuod thos U of $140 per sijuare yard ; that the sald DeGolyer & McOllland wholly negleoted and omitted to porfort o their eald ngreement with the asld plaintlif ns oforesaid in thly, 1o wit : That thoy, tho said De G olyer & McOlolland, Tallod and neglected to comploto | ho suld work of Iny ing anic 200,000 square yuxda of ) 1avontent known u ibe *“DeGolyer No, 2, wood to bo treated by tho Bamueln process, within tho perlidd of five months irom tho35th doy of Juna, 1873,as __they had uudor- \akon and ngrood to do, but within the snid_ poriod of tvomonths from the suid 25th d sy of June, A, D. 1872, bud comploted only — aqu o yaru of snid Javément s thst (ho _unld_ Decioly ‘o8 % McOlotiand atorly folled, noglected, and ref.awed to lay said pavomont and morform ‘sid woris: {n & feat-cliss and workmanlike manner, ss thty had uunder- laken and sgroud to do, but 50 to.d o wholly fuflod, snd aold work was porformed, and mald payement iaid in on_unworkmanliko, uuskilify v, caroloss, aud Degligent manner, and that IN CONSEQULKRCE OF TIIR ¥AI L.URE of eafd Dedolyer & McClclland to pur, ‘vrin masd work within the perlod of ive months us aforeuntd, und by rouson and in consaquence of theft faih tre and negleck lo perform sald work in a ekillful, fira workmanliko manner as they had ‘unlert raed o do, the suld Board of Public \Vorke of the Bfitrict of Golumbia rofuvod (o dosignuto thor orfis tlier streets on which sald pavemont was Lo bo lafd, nd rofusod to pormit thosaid DeGolyer & McClelland urthior 10 procecd undor #ald contract, Aud the plaintiff further maith that 1o tho s ACTUAL BhOITS, : for laying the said 400,000 squusre yards of pavemonf Taagreod 1o bo aia by'tla sald Dodolyer & MeClemug sanforesald would huve beon thesum of at leust §300,000, snd tliat_ by resson und meaus of the promisew aud of the failure and neglect of tho sald DeGolywr & McOlol. 1as work and lay such pavement witbin the time and in the manner *undortukun sud wgrood Ly Ui a8 plorcuald, tis aald pllatit lon sud . waa deprived of_the et of'$100,001), tho otie~third of 4, and en_ and the nup profts which wowld Luve aciruid bo aud beea | of tho subjoot, that the woo(ls -cannot grow, No potatoes, of course. woeds have mot killed them'; but no potatoos for all that, supply of pl aut-food,—not the plant-food that is supposed to. bo in the soil, and that wo have beon taught tho:40il is ouly capable of supplying ; for, oven n nder the boards, there is moisturs, an: tho tubers ooght togrow ; yot they rofuse to do 80, and tho, boards that exclnde tho air from the roots8 aro aa potent in checking growth as the weeds that rob the plauts of their food. And thig leads us to the fact that wo do not have to kill the weeds, but to ‘the weeds hiad to bo raked and | ofton liad to w ork out by the dayto buy corn for Lhis use, or to go without. But (hat loeing of corn and hilling of potatoos by hand s awful wpard work, most cspecially for boys, ss T vory well remembor, Aud tho said plaintifr furthor snsth that it wasin and | And I used tos uay to mysolf, Mastor “ Rural,” when you grc nv up, aud bocomo a big-sized man, and own a Ta: ‘m, you will not grow corn, beans, or potatocs for markot, but select some crop that will be 11388 ex.acting on your musclos. ‘Fho result hns becn that only ten acres of corn have been hoed, au d 11288 of potatoes hilled by hand. Suppose wu Yoy bosrds botween the rows, so what is tho result ? Woy of courna? Tho They have boen shut off from thoir KILEP TICE BOIL OPEN TO THE ATR, 80 that it may earry down into the soil the v food that the plant neoeds, therofore, assume that tho killing of weeds is only inci¢iental, and, yn their absence, hosing or cultivatitiz would yoh, bo essontial to tho health of tho phnnt, face, B0 as to oxolude the ir, and tho plant conses to grow, though the soil below remning moit, It is, ‘taen, for tho purpose of come minuting tho woil, and keopiug it opon to the air, that wo arply o much of labor. Wo moy as well, Lot #, thin crust form on the sur- From this view standpoint wo may lay it down 88 n sciouce, that plants must be fed ; and, that in tho sct o f ally killed ; theroforo, we need no longor talk of tho battly of the waeds, but talk of plant-food, and llmw best to obtnin and to apply tlus groat meed. fecding, the weeds are all incident- “Thio 'next auestion {8 “THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE, or vshat wo may coll a law of Na- ture. Fortunntely " hore is an examplo; for ~at hand s an nere of Enrly Roso potatocs, planted April 13, and on Rund full of tho acods of weods ; in short, for “the man with the hoe, this was ouo of the most ‘undesirable plats of ground that could be well irangined. Boforo it could bo Elo\rnd last fall, \burnod. T'o pre- pare it for plantiug, the rows were marked ont “with tho sid of o commou single-shovel plow, and tho sots, ono eyo to each, dropped 8 to 10 inches apart in tho row, and tho_covering waa done by passiug & harrow across tho rows, Tho operation of planting killed one st of weods that had mado their appearauco very thickly,—#0 much go that the man with tho hoo would Bave felt iy courage oozo out at the ends of his fingers, . A weok later, another odition of woode wa ready, and these had s thorough har- rowing, and tha rollor followed. A week lator, and the first plants of potatoea bogan to breal ground, and yot another thick crop of weeds. Again the horrow and the roller went on thoir misslon o opon andto pulverize tho sofl, that plant-food might reach the roots of the potato- plants that wers now strugghng for the light, 'ho following week #aw anothor munes of young weeds, But tho potato-plauts were too” large for tho harrow, and now camo the two-horse sufky-cultivator, and the shovel was so arranged that just the tips of tho potato-plants remained in sight, ~that s, the most vigorous of them,— while the sinallor ones went out of sight. ‘L'hia ulso flujshod the weods. The noxt wook .tho weeds woro less nunorous. opd s little moro oarth was turned againat the now vigorous plants, Binco thou thoy liuve had two moro turng of tho cultivator ; ond on the 4th af June thn{ bogan to bloom, and'on the 10th were fu full Lloom; and now wo have early potatoes for dinner, wud tho hoo hias not boen taken aown for the purpose of Iniling & singlo weed, and the whole patef fs now cloun, To-morrow I slall pass a doublo- shovel through betweon the rows with 8 singlo horso; for just now I do not wish to disturb tho Lills, and a8 tho vines shado iho ridgo that tho cultivator has ruisad, the young weeds mako no grawth. 1hus, IN PEEDING THE PLANTS, I havo fncidontally destroyed the woeds, The crop boing for early market so soon ag tho potas toes are aut of tho ground, the plow will seo to it that no autumu-weeds ripen thoir socd; and thus, with anly goad cultura from tho temm, tha prospoct is o good one. No hoeing would fhnve mudo thom better, Had I waited until the pota- toes woro of size to hoo, they would have hoon loss vigorous ; for tho thrée harrowings had supplied them with plant-food to stimulate their growth, Potatoes pluuted two weeks eurlier are no more farward thau theso, and ut tho same time will yiold loss, I have hod uo bothor with the waods, and bnve ouly boon {ntent an feediug tho plants and forcing thom right along. Thoe samo systomn may be applied to the cnl- ture of corn and othor hoed crops, and & yast anlount of labor savod, attontiom to thiy fuoding, and not dopond on aimple wood-killing. hoo to il thoe woods, we should bave to admit that woeds aro a groat blessiuy, for, in tho uct We Linve to pay more ICdt Is a fact that we of Lilling thom, we food tho plauts; whereas, if they did not put in au ap- oaranco, np aflrring of the moil would @ dou o, and o plauts be fed, ~Undor this view have a loww horror of woods, THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1874 for Lknow that, with tho oulturo that Is ceson- tnl to the growih of the plant, they muat dis- nypear, . Wo munt got out of the old rnts, and look at things a8 thoy aro, Our Agricultural Uollogo MURT TIE ON THE EARM, and It 1a thero that wo must study the rosons for aud against any of the now or old procossos of cultwo. What n grood thing it would o it tho Btato would givo us real fenchors {n tho selenco of farming, to toll us how deep to plow ; whon, hay, and what to tht. Buppose we had a school, if not to toach the sclonca of ‘\firlmflmra. to invostignto and defino such a selonco; to make tho farmor o botter farmor, and not to moke a profestional man, a speculntor, or shystor of him. Wo want to make farming so plain that it may bo TAUGILT IN OUR RONTOOLS, 80 that tho farmors® sons may know how plants arow, with what they ara fed, when and how to procure tho food, Thewe aro things of, great importance ; and why s it not tho duly of tho Stato to teach this as much s to teach \vrhhxg, };rnmmm'. geography, and arith- metio? Tho boy is told to Loke down the hoa for tho lmrnmsu of Lifling tho woods, with~ out glving him any iden of tho objact boyond tho kilting, Dut, {f"boia told that tho plants must be fod, and that, in the actof feoding thom, the woode aro killed, hio will bogin to think an study how to do there things to the best advane tago, nud thus becomo an intolligont, thinking Bfilnor, instend of n more clod-hopper or woed- o, But wo mulch our trees, plants, and vines, to meko them grow, snys ono, Yos; but this muleh i¢ open aud porous, Admita tho air, tho rain, and the wator from below, provonts fts ovaporation, and bolow the muleh 38 tho vapor of wator filling tho soil and beoom- ing the medium for tho nssimilation of plant- food. Fiuely pulverizod soll, eawdust, tan-bark, rotten hiay and slraw, conrse manuro, and other like substances, do the same thing, and in their decny also supply humus and plant-food; but, most of all, attract and hold moistnre in the form of vapor, allowing the rainfall to pass down through tho soil. All of those things might bo ealled THE ELEMENTS OF AGRIOULTURE, and be taught {n our common sohools,—that is, in thoso of tho conntry; whilo tho elemonts of merhaujos might Lo taught in the eity ecliools, o caunot wait tho slow dovolopment of tho ng thoy show little of the follow intho sumo old Agricultural Collogos, spirit of tho ago, aud rontine. Can wo fully disponse with the hoo? No; but we should have hitlo nso for it, though, to accomplish _this, we must bo fully up to’tho work; and yot, along the rows of potatocs, wo must cut ‘out now and then n woed that haw cscapod the eultivator, aud i the rows of plants, but not ono-tonth of what our fathors congidorad, and what many farners yot consider, oeBontial to good culture. Wy must study the laws that govern the growth of plants beforo wo can Inow how bost to” grow them. Wo ara told timo and again that good culturo_consists in keeping the land clenn of weods; but wo bave shown that that is not tho best advico, and gives us_no idon of the truo condition of things. If wo kecp ont tho weads Wo provant them from robbing tho plants of a share of tho food, and yot thero are othor causes that aid in cutting off & supply of plunt- food, and goad culture consists in_keoping the soil finely pulverized and open to the iutluonce of sun und sir; and, in doing this, thora will ba fow weeds Jeft for tho hoo. Thus tho battle of the weed s mno battle nf- ter ol without ono, like _ the Knight of LaMuncha, is dosirous of waging n war with windmills ; or unless tho weeds nre allowad tn'j;l:uw 0 strong thut they must bo ex- tirpated with band-weeding and hoolug. 3T 18 BAD to go fl“‘fl\(llgh tho country at the timo of potato- harvest and to see the orop covored nearly out of sight with weeds and tho autumn-grasses, 1 pity the farmer and the farmer’s boys, who dig snd pick up the potutoes. It they would reflect, and consider how » largo part of this labor conld be saved, they might ndd to the teasiro of tho potnto-harvests but, n6 it is, the Euuhlg and the hilling by haud arc but the coun- torpart of the digging sud tho picking up. And 80 iti8 1 the culture of corn ; but wo of the West. aro, in part ot least, emancipatod from this lnbor, and it is but natwal that we should opply tho Emmo ides in practico to other crops. We must lourn to luve & pur- joso in__npplying our labor, TFarming 18 not empirical, but i8 founded on well-known Inws, that, lie all other operations, must bo ro- garded at the proper time. 1f wo would destroy purslaiu, we must disturb its roots whon the plant 18 In its first lonf ; after that wo mny roll it about, out it off, and the night-dew sud the showers atart it aguin into life. i 1t ono will but obsorvo, he will seo one family of plants follow anothor ; and, what is most Ain- Sudar, thons plaats do nob woll for the land of eulture, but come along in the time whon tho surface should bo stirred for a better facding of our plauts. We have accounts of largo ylolds of whent in England ; yot fow peoplo ara” aware that thesa large crops aro, in groat part, duo to n timely culturo of the goil ; what is enlled woeding, Tho stirring that the ol gots by tho weeding process is THE BECIET OF BUCCESS. It wo coutd ounce convince tho farmor that good culture is at the foundution of good crops, -and that, in the nct of performing thi, the weods must of & uecessity disappesr, we should accomplish much, for wa wonld tako away that lLuge bugboar, the tilling of tho woeds. Weo ara uow teachiug the cloments of Bolany and othor uyoful studics in onr common schools; lot us add tho olemouts of agriculture, so thal the farmer's son shall know something in rogard to the general management of the crops. Let hig reading-logson Lo in part thoso of practica) ntility, and thus instil into lus mind somo of the londing truthy of plant-growth, the mauagaement of stock, aud other faru-wark, A gontleman from anothor Stato, and who is engaged o farming and_ dairving, made mo & visit & fow days since, and, i tho course of con- vorsation, stated that not more thau one in ten of our bast furmers kopt their plows in proper order, or adjusted thedraught proporly; andthat, in thewr plaus of culture, the object was to keep down the weeds, when the whole surface sliould bo stirred for the purpose of avration. Ho had tried tronch-plowing for the purposo of gotting rid of thio weeds; but, as lie plowad 8 to 10 iucties deop, ho was disappointed in the yield, and bad givon up the plau, uutil *The Parm and Gar- don " suggestod that binchos was a Lotter depth, Sinco then ho lud mado it o success, A neighe bor was gotug to adopt this now plan of culture on his corn-ciop, but he put off the havrowing from dny to day, in order ta fluish up eome other work, and thon it wns too late, ns the corn was up, and the corn-stalis would notadmit of tho herrowing of the growing corn, ‘I'ha oxtrn work to kill the weeds was an argument that lio may heed another year. The THOROUGH PREPARATION OF Ti(E ROIL is tho first importaut dogmn in tho farmor's creed ; and tho text, that syatem of culture tliat will best supply tho plant-food, avd the condi- tion thut retains this food for tho uso of tho plant, In order to do theso things to tha bost advantage, wo must look to the composition of tho soil and its nicchanical conditions, with the view of correating any of their faults, Wo Duve plonty of rulos for thoso things, but tho rules uften fail for the want of adaptation, 1t is quite appuront that we waste & large por- centags of our labor for the want of the propor Imawh:d gaay vegurds lta application ; aud ic 1 to our adyantage to avoid this. Inorderto do thig, wo wmust koop s little in advauce aof our \var%, #0 that we may avoidthe battle of tho weods, Some farmora will not z{x)ply manure, for the reason that woeds follow ; but that would make no difference in the * plan indieated, for crop after erop of Lhesw woody Is dostroyed In the simple not of culture. I trustthat somo of those meu will move tho manure-benp rathor than tha stable, aud by proper culture, or rathier cul- turo i tho propor time, avoid the weods. This plan will lead to tha planting of-less land by tho samo numbor of persons, and, at tho same time, will fucrousa tho crops for marlket by raising the average ylald per acro, We often lay out sa much work to do that, WE LOSE LARGLLY. m not bomg able to do the work in the proper timo, Wo oftan have to spend a weok's thme to do that which could have boon accomptished inn vinglo day, Just now the purslain I8 com- jvg up "in tho garden, und & day now le worth a weok two or threo weoks henco; and Ao of work in tho potato or cora fleld, A day's work In plaking off the first crop of potato-beetles wits over & weok's timo on the socond brood, besides onr having n listtor crap of potntoos, it wa would be beior farmors, wo must study oo, and look deapor into the workings of Natura, Wo must lify our- #olvas aul of tho old ruts, aud do our own {hink- Ing. Runas, —— e A Noble iorue= . One Tord Alncdonsld las boon fined in England ror maltroating o horso which ha hirad of u Brighton livery-stablo koopor. Ilfs runk gavo prominence o the affair, In vindiention of himeolf ho publishos s letter In Lhe Londan Times, In which ho clafmed that the horse was “n moat dotermived iiblor,"” and adds; I certainly punishod tho horme sovorely ; but ot it bo grauted that w Jibber deserves punibhwmont, tho quostion fa, did'T exceed thu proper amonut of correction? I maintoln Idid ‘not, Xither I Wal 10 be waster or tho horwo,” MICHIGAN MINES. Report of the Stato Geological Snrvey for 1860 to 1873, Inclusivo. The Iron and Oepper Regions, and Their Products. ¢ Method and Cost of Mining Specular and Magnetic Ores. Synopsis of the Mining Laws of tho State, Spectal Corraspondence of The Chicago Tribune, Lansma, Mich,, June 10, 1874, From tho rocontly publishod roport of tho progrosa of the Goologienl Buryoy of tho State of Miohlgan, ombracing tho report of trof,T.B. Brooks on Tron-Doaring Rocks, that of Prof. Pumpelly on Coppor-Benring Rocls, and that of Dr, Romiuger ou Paleozoie Ttocks, I abstract the following itoms of gonoralintorest, Who work in published in twa handeomo volumes, fllustrat- ed with numerous cuts, and acsompaniad by an ntlas of cbnrts, forming & -complote manunl of intormation ralntive to tho finding, transporting, ancl smolting of iron and other ores of the Lake Suportor roglon. THE PRESKNT AURVEY was inaugurated by et of tha Legislature fn 1869, under tho diroction of a Board cousiating of the Govornor, Presidsnt of tho Doard of Eduention, sod Suportondent of Publie In- struction, with Prof. Wincholl, of tho State Univorsity, as Diractor of Survoys; under the auspicos of which the prasent work s published. The' existence of copper In tins rogion way madd known as onrly as 1636, by L Garde, in a Doolk bublished at Paris, aud was noticed and roported by various travelors down to 1771, when ® compauy was formod in England, whioh nctu- alty bogan mining oporntions on the Ontonagon Rivor, which faild in the noxt yoar, on account of tho distanco of the markets. “Cho firut sefontifio oxploration was undertaken in 1881, by the firat Stato Goologlst, Dr, ongh- ton, whoso roport, prosentod to the State Legis- Iaturd in 1841, fivst direoted tho uttontivn of tho world o the Uppor Penfusuln, au belng ono of Nature's groat ropositories of the useful motals. ‘o early nud rapid devolopmont of tho minoral rescources of the Upper Teninsuls is Iargely duo, among other things, to the fct that tho United States Lineal Burvey embraced goo- logical obsorvations, the valuo of which was grontly onhanced by tho use of Burt's solar compaus, which onnblod the Survey to'give the locations of the magnotic ores. "These developmonts lod, in the summer of 1845, to tho formation, nt Juackson, in this Stato, of a compnny, during the preliminary explora- tions of which the specimons of ore coilocted were mado, in August of tho same year, into » hl:xr of iron at w blackemith's forge, which was the FINST BAR OF LAKE SUERIOR INOX, The Company began smeltig in 1848, and tho firat iron mude was usod by Capt, 15, B. Ward, of Detrolt, in the conatrnction of the wosmbuat Ocean, In 1850, owing to the diftleultios inci- dent to s new country, the work was abandoned. 1lowover, in 1858, the 'Compuny _Lad haen roor- ganized under chnrter from tho Logislature, u dor the titlo of the Jackson Iron Company, nn the work was prosecuted with uuprofitnble ro- suits, and down fo 1860 the history of the Com- pauy was one of divappointment and finaneial embarragmnont. I'he grent domand for iron oceasioned by thoe War cansod the jrou-intorests of Lnko Superior to nssume a very succousful as- peet, and in 1862 tho Company was able, for the tirst time in its history, to make » dividend, “he locality of the mine wau discovered hy an Tudinu chiof nnmed Manjikijik, who.was granted large intorost in the minw: but the ngroe- ment with him wns not fulfilled, end he died in poverty. Tho work of the geologienl survey of TIHE COPPER-DISTRICTH, in 1870 and 1872, was confinod chiefly to the con- struction of s porfoct u vories of crogs-sections ns cirenmstancos would permit, in the Portage Luke, Culumot, and_Engle River dintriots, Mo obtuin the cross-soctions which sccompany this roport, it wis necessary to make au accurato tri« angulution of the country examiued, without which it would be nposeible to ropresent in thoir relativo positions, in a very uneven coun- try, the u\\tcmp{vin];s of the vory numorous thin beds of nearly similur rocks, possossing varving thickuessos, ‘sn almost constantly-changing course, and a bigh ana varying dogroaof iucfiul- tion. AGR OF COPPEN-BEAIING ROCKS, Keweennw Point, from jts begiuning at the Montrenl River to whore its extremo point is beaton by tho storms at tho middle of the great Inke, is formed by two stratigraphically, and (for tho groater part) hthologically, distinet forma~ tions. L'ho quostion of nge of theed Lo formne tiony biss givon rise to considerable discussion, LITHOLOGY OF COPPLI ROCKS, In tho imwmodinte neighborhood of Portage TLake, the strata composing the Mineral Rango havaa uaiform trend of north 35 dog. enst, and a rogular dip of 66 to (0 deg, to wost-northwost, Tho sorios consist of beds of wolaphyro, varying in thickness from 20 foot to moro than 100 foct, the demarkntion heing froquently dotinod by the amygdeloidal or epidotic chaructor of the upper portion of ench bed, At intorvals, varyiug from a few yards o sov- oral thousand Toat, beds of conglomerate oceur, Intorcalnted in the veins, ‘This is tho genoral chnractor of the country nonr Portnga Lako, for a distanco of sbout 3 “3‘“’1 muasured west-northwost uoross the form- ation, CONGLONERATES, The conglomeratos of Portage Talke differ from oach other but little, if ut all, in litho- logicul chagactoristics, ‘Tha pobbles vary from the giz0 of "4 pea Lo oue foot or more 1 “diame- tor, boing conrser in somo boda than in others, ‘T'ha different beds vary in thicknoss from mere sowns to soveral luudred foot, aud the same bod often varios grontly iu thickuoss, 1t is o romarkablo fact, that, whilo all the con- glomornto beds neur Portnge Lake are free from Bchblcu of qunrtz-porphyry, thosa in tho neigh- orhood of Calumet uve oberactorized by peb- bles rich in graine of quartz, "Whis sbrupt chango takos place about 6 miles northieast of the lako, From the noichborhood of *Mabhs' vein " to withiu, say 1,000 feet enst of tho ¢Tsle Royalo velu," thore is a tondenay, mmong tho differont traps, lo n compnct or fine-grained toxture, with a duck-green, uhmost black olor, sometimen slightly mottled, especinlly on tha wonthor-sutface. The fracture is brilliant, and tho Lruhxncontmnn ouongh magustite to anuse siall bits of the rock to sdhore to tho mugnot. BILTHOD AND COST OF MINING SPEOULAR AND MAGNETIO ORES. Tho iron-ores of the Marquetto roglon aro mostly extracted in opon excavitions; honce the proceas is more noarly allied to quarryiug. Boveral attompts ab undorground, work lave beeu mado, which have not, on the whole, been sugeossful, Thoe Edwards Miuo has been almost ontiroly m'uuf;ht by candleliyght, ‘Lho Slate ore- pit No. 1 of the Now Englund Mine was worked it tho Bamo way, us is also the Plonoor Furnace pit of tho Jucksou Mine, "Tho Champlon Mino was oponed systematically for undergronnd work, with two levols (0 feob apart, aud threo sinfts nt distancos apart nlous the bod of 200 foot 3 but this ides lins beon so far mnodified that one-thivd of tho oro v minod by daylight. 'ho Oloveland Miuo hay recently comnioncod to mine conniderablo oro undorground, Bovorul othor minds have, from time to time, worked undorground ntopes 3 but, so far, onty temporarily. 1f sueh stopes could not bo opened ouy to duylight, they havo ususlly boon abandoned, * In brief, it muay Lo suid that no considerablo amount of oro has au yot (1870) boon mued undorgronnd in this region, and, of that 1o mined, vory littlo hus boon tuken out at o profit ; and it weomn to bo the bolief of tho most exporiencad mining mon thiat this stato of things will hold for somo timo to come. Noarly the same renarks may bo uppliod to tho minos of tha Iron Mouutnin roglon, Misouri, tho oros of which uvo yery similar lu charaotor to thote of Marquoette, Sorie of the Now York und Now Jorsoy magnatio doposits ara nlko wrought opon ; bat thisis the oxcoption,—underground miining bolng there tho rulo, Sinca their origingl doposition, If we may aguumo thoy wore Inid down under wator, tho whole kories, fnoluding the iron-beds, have beon Dont, folded, corrugatad, into irrogular troughs, basing, and domas, which ofton presont, at tha surfuco, upturned odyos of pure oro, “Y'ho faot that, as & ywle, tho richest ore in found nenr tho upper part of tho foruation, and the most Juu}xm‘y part honr tho baye, hag led to the eoparation” of tiin formation into two beds. Wrought ns open quasrios, soversl of our ooy have puid tholr wey frow tho atart whilo, bnd they beon olfinu‘l undor o roguinr systom of mining, they wotlld have required an (nvestment of £6i0,000 in plant and iniprovemonts before shipmonts could have bogun, aud at loant ono yent's thuo, h facts sottlo anoh quostions with Amorioan capitalists ; aud, with tho uncertaintios that nt- tond the opening of now mines in now distriots, tho bigh rato of intorast in thls country, nnd tho uncortaintios of tarif-logialation m&nrdlng iron, it may bo a quostion whothor (his Land- mouth, quick-roturn, Jot-tha-futuro-take-care-of- itaelf view of tho questionis not, fu n cortain dogros, dofonilil, ‘L'ho appenrance of our minea s anything hut ])lunn(ng. Thoy consiat somatimes of ton or moro rreguinr, clongntod pits, often vory largo, and genorally mora or loas conneoted, linving usunlly an cnnlurlg and westorly trond, imposnd by sttiko of the rocks, Eyerywhors syo groat piles of wasto oarth aud rock, which aro often in tho way of tho inor, and whioh, Insomo canos, Liave Loen handlod ovor two or threo tines. There_nre two principal advantazes in open works: Firat, the proparntory work is all roduced to tho simplest and enfest” kind of plek-and- shovel, hammor-nnd-drill, horse-aud-cart busl- nosy 3 such an can be let to tho common run of mino-contractors. On tho.other hand, undor- ground minjog, sinking, dvifting, timbering, and clnborato machinery,.—all of which require skilled labor and lnrge invostmonts. Inan irolnt- ed Efllllltr{‘ Iiko Marquotte, the quality of labor domanded {s an important conaidoration. Tho Aecond advantngo, alrondy montioned, is_ the groat oconomy n e coet of drilling nud ox- plosives, which bigh stopes in open works por- mit. Theso olements of cost are important itoms in_all mining where hard ores are on- countored, BYNOLYIH OF THE MINING LAWA OF MICTIOAN, Ono of the firut quostions asked by n eapitaiiat proposing toinvest monoy in & nflnlchulorprinn i6 In rolation to the laws undor which tho prop- orty is leld, Thoee vary widely in differout portions of tha United Statew. and still moro from the olaborate and oxtonsive mining codos of Burope, The following synopsis is prepared by O, D. Tiawton. : The not adproved Fob, b, 1859, provides as fol- lowa Soc, 1 provides that all corporations organizod mder this ect aball bo eapnble of wlig and kolul; sued in any court of tho United Slales; mny have u weal, and way alter it at pleastre, Tho majority of the stockoliters of ench alioll clect thoir officers, proseribe thelr duties, ete., aud dotormino the bylsws, Soc, 2 provides that the numbor of persons forming tho corpuration #lisll not b less than threo that thy nrticles of ngreement atinll by $n wrlting : that they, thelr kuccessiora and saxigns, shall conntituto n body corporate tuder tho nnmo assmned by tho company 3 alko that no two companies shall have theo anme namo, Bov, i providen that urlicles of asyoclation munt bo filed with the Seerotary of State and Clerk of tho county fn which {lie colipay Propoyos to uporate, Soe, 4 providos that the articles of useociation aball 1o slgneit by the personn wswoctating i the frat ju. utunce, and be acknowladgod by o qualificd perann, und hall aiate, first, the purposo for which tlio aatng ix formed 3 necond, the amount of capitul stock aud amount pald ju, tho name of stockholders, remdenco and wwmber of ‘shares fiold by each person, Tocation of Dbusfuess-oilice, and the torm of existenco not to ex~ ceed thirty years, Sor, 5 provides that every corporation shall mako n annunl report in the month of July, containiug the capitalnctually paid in, tbeamount invested in rent and personal estate, the amount of debta und credits ; whieh roporl shiall be filad i tho oftica of the Secretury f[fignl]u und the Clorl of tho county whero the mine {s orafud, Boe, 6 providos thnt the nmount of capit ahiall Lo limited by tho stockhiolders in their arl assoclation, and _shall In no caso bo less than §! ot more thun $300,000, Bec, 7 provides thnt it shail not bo lawful to use the fumls of tho corporation for any other purposes thau thoto set forth hu tho artlcles of association, Hec, 8 provides thnt any two miembers may call o meetiug by giving fifteen days’ notice, throigh the nowspupers of the time und placo of meating. Beo. 9 provides thnt thero shall Lo at feast thres Diraciors, and not more than uine, ouo of whout ahall Lo a resident of this State, Hac, 16 provides thnt the officers shiall be chosen from amonyg the Directors, 8ee, 11 providus that tiie Directors may call in tho capital ‘stock from time to thne, I any stockholder aieglects to oy his fustallment after dito uatley, Lis stock may ba sold nt public auction, See, 19 provides {hat a majorlts of Directors sholl coustitule o quorum, and stockholders mny voty by 3 provides for annual ofeciion of Dircotors, Buc, 14 provides fhiat the books sbull be open £0 the tuupoction of tho stackhioldors, md m auuitul slate~ amont nrude of the compauy’s sifaire. . 15 provides for okilng realnd personal es- ud it chmpnnies to 10,000 acres of and, Hec, 10 providen that the ktock shall be doemed per- rounl eatile, o he transferred on the Looks as the Di- roctars may determine, Soo, 17 provides dhut each individual stockholder fa Hnble' for luher performed for the compuny. Sec, 18 provides for an annual report, in Jily of each year, of tho amount mined, to the Anditor Geieral. Ser. 10 provides for a slmilur report for manufao- turing companies, Bec, 20 providea for the imposition of specific taxes on mining product, Sec, 31 provides that other praperty, not inchuding capitul-stack, shull be subject to the usiinl taxation, joc, 22 provides how legal progoss iy ho rerved @ officers cannat bo found in the county, 8 providos for tha hability of each Diroctor, 1n case of non-compliance with Sees, 3, 5, 18, aud 19, Bow, 24 provides that, in case any company beconden innolvent by resson of Violationa of the provisfonn of thix act, the Directors shull bo linblo for al debts cou- truoted thoreafior, Soc, 25 provides thal tho Leglalature, for just cause, miny renciud the charter of auy corporation, and mny argend aud repeal this act. . Sev, 20 provides that this act shall bo subfect to the provisions of the act of 1845, Chap, 55, Titlo 10, ‘Tho act approved Fob, Gth, 1855, provides for locating tho busivess-oftico nuywhere in the United Statos, 'I'hio nct approvoa Fob, 8, 1855, authorizes min- ing compavies to subseribo and tako wtock in plank-ronds or zailronds, and regulutes taxation thercon. ‘The net approved Jan, 27, 1871, authorizes the consolidution of mining companien, - The act approved April 6, 1871, authorizes other corporations of other States to ongagoe in mining, smelting, or refining ores, within their Btate, ‘Fho act approved March 29, 1872, autharizes the Awuditor to asuens by eatinate those compav- ied thnt neglect to report us required by law, % ————— THE SOUTH AND CESARISH. HAzLETON, TiL, Juno 16, 1874, Ta tha Editor of The Chicano T'ribune : Sm: In o recent Issue of Tur Cmicado Tursuse I noticed a lettor written ostensibly from the South (whethor really from that rogion of oppression and wrong-doing, or not, is not for mo to say), honded ** Ciesarism st the South,” TThe arzuniout, aud deductions therofrom, i suid Iatter, aro, in ‘my humble opinion, not'suck ns Solomon of old would promulgate were ho in this God-forenken country of ours, For in- stanee, in spenking of tho success of the Ropub- Jican purty rs assurad in any future contest, the writer says: ** Our only hopo i, that thuirehoico may romiin with n soldior, and not fall on sowe fanntic like Morton.” And, nlittlo farthor on, the writer complaing of the torrible despotium under which thay aro liviy Now, I would like to Jnow who, in ** Rentiot’a” opinjon, i rospon- siblo for tho Lerriblo deapotism undor which thoy nre living? Ishe so Ligoted or diotio ns to suppose that Qrant bne hud nothing to do with bringing about the donpotism under which ho in now living; or does hie wish to porpetuato this stato of afleirs? In my very humble opinion, “Rontior " will huvo to thank Grant—tho vory man for whom ho cricy * Vive PEmpereur”— for tho *state of aMnirs which now oxists m tho Bouth. And, if Grant can aud docs bring about much n state of affairs, with 1o mora powor in his hands thau that con- forred upon him by tho ofiice of Urosident, what would ke not bs cupablo of doing had o tho un- limited power which * Rentior™ would confer upon i ? 5 ‘ Ronticr " not only says that tho South will sustain Grauk ot Uio polls, but ho intimatos prot- ty strongly that thoy would do battle for him soro e t0 try ta mako himsolf Emperor, Now, I do not bellove this of the muas of my Southern Lyethren. 1 do not baoliove that thoy have lost ull of their lovo and venoration for the Govorn- maont which was et up h?' somo of the best mon that ever lived, and which was the bost Govorn- ment undor tho sun until too many * Nentiers" ok into pawor, W in tho North kuow vory well thint the Southorn poople are in & desperate con- dition, but wo give them eredit for woro senso than to boliove that thoy will (to uso an old phruse) jump from thoe (rying-pun into the fire; for thid iktho very feat they’ would nccomplish woro they to follow such an imbocile as Graut in his mad doaire to becomo something mora than Prosident, T, D, HINCKLEY, e = An Outenge, Frou the Gresn iy (Wir) Gazelte, Somo time lust wool a mnu in Buamico was violently Incked in tho faca by a horse, and, by~ iug uo home, was taken to the County Poor- Ilouno, Ilare ho coutinnod to grow worno, and bocume delivious, "This dolirlum, wo aro in- formed, wad construod into inwanity, nud an ap- plication was mado to havo him removed to tha County Jail as aninsano man, ‘Mlie orderwag not grantad, but tho man, sufferiug as ho was, aud reving with dollvium, was brought up through the dust and mtg:lumhio heat, and dopositod nt the door of the County Jail, Wa aro told that by tho time thoy had got” him thore docomposition had nlveady set ju, and his person was 80 offon~ sivo that ho could not bo left inside with the othor yrisoncrs, Ilu was removed to the buok yard undor cover, and soma gruel immedintely propaved for him, While the gruol way cvoling ho mau disd, He was buried yesterday, shortly after ho diad, without auy iuqueat or exwmine- tlon being Lold, NEBRASKA. Living on the Fronticr---The North Loup Cowutry, An Interview with a Settler--A Frontier Ring. Correspondence of The Chicagn Tribune, ) 03ta1ta, Neb,, Juno 11, 1874, I have mado two visits to tho North Lonp country of Nobraska, and what I eaw and board thore {8 cortainly worthy of note. To reach it, wo left the Unlon Paciflo Rallrond at Orand Island, 164 milos wost from Omaba, and travelod nonrly due north 20 miles, which brought us to tho Loup River,—n broad, clear, aud boautiful strenm, fllled with fish. Wo hiad passod through o eries of ennd-hille, and suddonly entored tho wido, greon valley, dotted with farms, Somo of tho houtos wers more dug-outs, but others woro convoniont farmora’ houses, and thoir white sldes gleamod in tho bright suniight, I had expectod to sco the valloy sparsoly sottled, but lirdly amilo intorvened without & cabinand o stalwart sottlor or two, Much Iand was broken, nnd T should think the average would bo as high s 40 ncres to overy farm of 160, A SETTLER. To obtain a drink of water and rest my jadod beast, I pulled up at the cabin of & sottlor. and, dismountod. Tho man was n blacksmith, aud bind but recentiy started a shop, His work-placo wna & rudo structure of sods, roofed overtioad with boards, I was kindly iuvited into his nent littlo hiouse, aud found evoryLhing about it tidy and clonn. T'wocurly-hoadad little children wero playing boforo the door, and, at the approach of # 8trauger, ran behind the house. The wholo of tho cabin was in one room, nnd it nnswored for parlor, bedroom, and kitchon. A neatly-dressod woman, with & cheery face, linnded out somo stools, and inn pleasant voico asked us to bo seated. Sho scemed proud of her seantily-fur- nished home, and I could not but reflect on how littlo 1t {akes in this world to make "o ¢ontented hanrt traly bappy. No doubt this humblo woms n otrjoyed hor cabin more than doos the fushion~ ablo lady hor gilded palaco. ; Tho good mun at ouce took ma into his confi- donee, und aslted about the Government sorvic.o, Heliwt heard that tho Military Commuudunt Ind, tho yoar hoforo, employed at tha camp: up tho Loup » blacksmith, and paid him 870 per month to shoo the Government mulos and mond the wagons. 'he $70 por month seomed 4o the rurnl bleckemith on enormous sum, and he could think of no proater humau hap- piness than to be 'in tho Govornmout voryico at 870, per montb, if only for two months, T promised to spealt a good. word for him to the Qunrtermnster, at which ho seomed grontly dolighted, and anid, ** You seo I hnve got & good claim hero, but am too poor to worl it. 1T only had & tenm, I could bronk up aad plant thirty of forty neres, and that's why I want to work for the Governmont, I'ho houso will do," unid ho, proudly burveying his littlo 20-by-20 cubin, ‘‘sud il T waat now 18 o tonm,"” “How muob,” T inquired, % would. it take to buy you a team " *“Oxun,” ha answored, “are tho bost, end n noighhior of mine gol: & splendid puir for §200, 1 could got a pair of wes for $260; bu aro tho best for breaking up prairio liko this, ; GLTTING LAND, 4 Tow did you nequire your land 2" 41t is n soldier’s claim.” I heard tho Govern- ment would give a homestend of 160 acres to every one who had been in tho War, and allow us todeduct out the time we had sorved. 1 was throo yenrs in tho urmy, nod have oply two years (o livo on tho cluim; then I can got o good title.” *Avo thero many soldiers who Lave taken clnims under the law 2" . **Ob, yus! Down the Platte thoro are shoals of them, and 6 good mauy have como ou and sottled up this way, At first tho law only gave us the right to tuko 80 acren; but since it Las beon mnendod, and 10w we can got 160." “Are there nny other ways getting Govern- mont Jand Liero axcopt by Bervice in tao army?” O, yeu! Dirst, o man cun pre-ompt 160 acros, aud, after living on it uix months, b cun prove up, aud by payiug 31.26 per acre, ‘get his titlo, Thon he can take a troe-claim, and, by planting 40 acren 1 thmber, got 160 nevek. ‘Then le can bomestead, and, by living on the land five yourn, kel u Litio to 160 neroy more.” 50 ane man canlegslly acquire threo quarter- soctions, or 450 neres of Innd, 1t atrikes me that i8 vory liberal on_the part_of the Governmont.” *So it is, nud Uncle Sum is the bost friend ovor o poor may bad.” +“What does it cost to prove up 160 seres ?" ‘AL 2195 por ucre, it wonld be §200; but there aro some fues which bringit up to ubout §208, all told.” 4 \What improvements have you to mako to se~ cure & pre-emption 2 ¢ A cabiu or dug-out and 8 ncres hroken and Plantod, are considured good enough.” COST OF DREAKING TUE LAND, *What does it cost Lo break the luud 2" 1 got mino done for &3 por ncre; but it gen- erally cosls #3.00, though that is Loo much, & 3ny o ho wouldu’t thiulk ro if ho kad & team of hin gwn," sald tho woman, archly. “Yex, I would,” replied tho' ustilor, sharply. “T would brank for §8 per mere, if I had two toums. Beeause poople have things is no reason iy they should Lo unreasonable, like them Pau "Lown cliaps.” 1 “ Ifow 1uany acros can & man broak in n day?” Tinquired, wishiug to end all dispute about the price, bl Jrom one to two acres, Oxen walk slow, and they do not brenk, generally, over an acro o duy ; but with n tonm of good-stepping horsoy one ought to break from one unda half Lo two acres.” %Y ou would uot oxpect n man_to work nll da with his team for less than §8 or &4 21 inquired, “*Well, no, I supposo not; butit oo like a good deal of mionsy Lo pry out for such work.” STOOR-IATBING. Hayo you any szock,—cattlo or sheop?" “No, bt Lonly wish T bnd. I tell you that is the way to muke money fast out here, ~ A hord of cntblo will grow right into eash. A yrood stock of young heifors wili doublo in value overy two ewrs; and, if o nun hud S1,000 to put into euttlo of thnt Bort, ho ought to be worth 5,000 in four yoars." 3O this good plnce to raisa catlle?" “ First vate; only wo have 1o look out for the storms, cut hay, nud put up sheds to sheltor them in winter,"” 4 Could younot got a hord to raiso on aliaros 2 4+ No; Touly wishi I could. 1 was told somo rich Jastorn gentlotuun gave a man up tho rivoer & herd to raisd on shares§ aud 1 wish I couid get sucl n chance.” 4 What is tho name of the county in which ivo, and what nopulation doos it contnin P his iy Howard County, sud it clabms to havo nbout 2,000 souls, Tho sottlomont of it begun in October, 1871, and oll thut yoar it had juitt about euough ‘inhabitants to fli the publio oflicos," * Aro yonr taxos high 2" 4 Not yot ; but, if the Paul Town chans have tholr way, nnd we allowed to run things much lonwory they will bo high enougl, desr kuows, It cost only £06 por anniun for w quartor-section of 160 aoros when I firat camo lore, but now the tax i about double that,” ** Aro the Government landa all takon up 2" “Phoy ara pretty much nll taken in loward Cmmtf', but there aresomoe goud oncs loft above, iu Valioy County.” RAILROAD LANDS, “* Dacs the Union Pucilfe Ratlroad own lauds this far out 2" *You, and ovory nltornato mection in tho county i owned cither by tho Union Pacifle or Durlington & Missouri Road," “ Ara thowo lands for kalo " 4 Yes, aud at low prices, conaidoring tho kind of Innds they are, Mr. O. L% Davis, tha Land- Commissioner of the Union Luciflo Nond, han sold somo land as low an £2.25 por noro; hut Lhey gonorally bring from &4 to 58, ho Bur~ lingion & Missonrl Tands aro o 11ttlo highor, und rango from €3 to & por uero, Gooul farming lands on long timo oan bo bought from cithor roud at 95 por acro.” B e o st torma at can bo hiad 21 e Plyo purchngor onn buy, and, by paying jntor~ ost ouly, nood not puy any of tho prinelpal for {wo yorjrs, aud thon gats oight years i which to pay off the principnl, Lf hoimprayos one-fourlh of liis land the firss year ho is o il, tho settlor gots 10 por cont dednctod from tho payments ; and, and 1f ho broaks up nud improves one-Luif of lus farm within two-yonrs aftor purehasing it, ho get o furthor reduction of 10 por cont from his paymonts, oo purchaser can also, if ho pays up within ono yoar, get o doduction of 80 por cont for eash, Thexo uro tho beut terms of lhu Burlington & Missourl, Tho Union Paclfie ofters equally gond ratos, but roquiras somothing to ho puid "wich venr, Tho rate of iutoreat charged by tho railronds is only 4 per cent por annum, *Havo ?'nu 00d achools " #You, slv, Our county, thongh & new ono, has rovonteen soliool-digtrioly and woven sohools in operation," ¢ I sen yon havon wall, Ta the water pure " ‘' Yes, air, and we only havo to dlg 12 to 20 faot Lo ot {t. Tho strosms aro oloar and never falling. THE FULL QUESTION, * What do you do for fuo) "Woll, that fs o [:mtt norlous }untlnn, Mis- tor, but we hopo to got over it, 'I'ho river-bot~ toms contain quits @ quantity of timbor, and pouplo are planting a good donl. It i o pity to cut down tho fine cottonwood groves that line our strenme 3 but thoro {a no help for it now, as the poople In wintor must have wood. fTho honds of ail the crecks and rivers are covered with foreat, but it generally bolongs to the Gov= etument. Wo can got coal for 87 por ton, bib wo havo 1o rultable stoves in which to burn it. Iu time I supposo wa shall have to buy timber up the river and’ ralt it down for firowood; but wo ara all right for four or fivo yonts yot, thoro boing plenty on the bottoms ; and, aftor that, wo shall probably bo ‘able to buy coal-stoves and burn cont instoad of wood." 1lave you over pronpected for conl ? " ** Not mtielt, bitt I licar a follow ovor on Gedar has found it, and a man u" tho Loup, in boringn woll, went througb. a small voin. 1 think I know whers thaore in corl, and I would like to show it :g :I\In:’ (lnbogwn]olln, oficers, “l‘ tho)l" will kesp om darned Poul ‘Towu chapa from having any= thing to do with it." o ek i A FRONTIER nINa. Who are those Paul Town chinpa that soem to trouble you 8o 2" b #What, Mister! don't you know them?" Wiy, thoy ar porlaps the' darudnst st you over put two oyes on, and what tricks thoy aln’t up to asgort voorth fluding out at uil. They have run the country in debt avor 20,000 in two vears, and, 4f thoy have luck, thoy will haven gah;. of S6(1,000 eatldlod on g in tho next twa enya. ' What, do thoy do with the monay? ‘* Woll, that {8 what wo would alt ike to know. Boms nay one thing, and somo auothor, They By tlvay build bridgos aud ronds and improve l!ln county with it,—but uobody belioves that. Bvary yonr thoy awenr thoy must have now as- sossmouts, aud swear thoy can’t get along with leer.; but what bocomes™ of the monay, nobody :;u-.)ws, though a good many oan gueks whero 16 es, " ** In now counties like thoso, whore thora aro 100 bridges, ronds, or public improvemonta, the nxnunauu are necosvarily vory henvy nt firat," Why, that {s just tho way tire Iaul Town ohnps talk, better.” *‘Iava you & Court-House or -Jail in the Conuty 7" “*No, but the Paul Town chiaps have beon try- ing to got them built,” ““What particular thing did the Paul Town icblqm djn that ygu‘ms’}flmd most; I moan what, 1t your Judgmont, fi tho vory worst thing Lnvo dono 7" H it +"Woll, sir, 80 farnn [am concernod, Thatod that bridgo business most. You sce thers used to ba % bridgo just down thora over tho Loup, and tho flood waghed it out, and the I'aul Town follows uever would robuild it. Thoy have Inid out o town eight miles bolow, and mindo it the county~ seet, aud aro building s now hdd’fu thore over the Loup,.ut & cost of 6,000, The crossing ought to bo lors, Mister; it 48 tho natural inco for the bridge; = bub mow thoy gy put it down there, [ 48 to throw ttavel through their infornal town, and thoy are looking for n nearer road to Grand. Islund, 80 as to cutus off here, I tall you, iuter, tho carryings on of thom Paul Town' fol- lows is ridiculous, and the peoplo ain't a-goin® to staud it much longer.” ‘* Ineo thoy aro n bad eot, and, it T meot any of them, aud know them to bolong to the ring, I will give them a pioco of my nund,” “Xnow them! why, you couldn’t holp but «know them the moment you st oyos on them. If vou écoa chap with & plug hat, who wosta enlfskin boots, bLas on a boiled uhirt, storo- clothes, and puts on airs, spot nim for n Paul Town chinp ; he's auro to holong to the ring, and will talk kindo' knowin® and etickery-likontyou,” Phunking my friend for the information he Lind given mo, and promising to keop n gand Tookout for tho ring chups, and not be taloy. a by thom, I sot out tor Paul Town, Aarox Awour. —— e It won't do, Mister; woe Luow THE LATE INDEPENDENT CONVEN- TION. Lottor from Col. . P Morgan, Jr., on the Currency and Ruilrond Qesves uony. DrooMINaTON, Iil,, June 9, 1874, John Sells, Esq., Chairman of the MeLean County Delegation, e, Dean Sim: At your request, I herewith hand you my views, in brief, of tho financial polioy which I should bo ploased to seo adopted by the Convention to be hold at Springfield on the 10th inst., to which wa aro delogated. I find that I shall not be ablo to go to Springfield, and, from conversations with yourself and other co-delo- gates, I regrot to learn that your views on quese tions of fiusuce dilfor o grontly from my own, Inasmuch as the main object of tho Gonvens tion is to tako effective measures for tho gener: prosperity of the whole country, au& a8 will have a beneflcal and permanent fnfl onco upon agricuituro, munufnctures, aud commerco, and believing thatsuch measuros can only be suoceesful undor the guidanco of correch princirlflcn and the adoption of a baais which hus boon firmly established by the consont aud ox- porionca of the wholo clvilizod world, I am very desirous that, on this subject, tho Coustitution should not make what it sooms to me will be a worious and fatal mistake, IHonosty is, in all cases, tho best: policy, whethor in national or in dividun! affaits. We should domand its exorolss on the part of onr own ropresontatives, and huva o right to expect it of all publio officers and cor« porations. Although o system of crodits Is justifinblo asa convenienco to fucilitate business, its ox- tension boyond n rensonablo limit ie dangerous to tho credit of & opation or an Individual, ‘The subject ot the curroncy of the country is one whicn {s like- 1y to ocoupy much of the nttention of tho Con- vontiou, and which will, perhapa, disclose grave differonces of opinion. All concur in the belisf that the present coudition of the currency ie un- satisfactory; but many and various notions pro- vail, often irrecongilablo, as to whore the romedy for the acknowlodged ovils ia tobe found, All bee lievo, or profoss to believe, that the ourrency whould, at some timo, bo brought to n snecie Dasls ; mon diffor widely as to the detail of the monsures by whiol this rosult is to be attained, Tu the menntimo, fooling tho pressure of tho ovits existing, the stagnation of busiuess, thw doubt which envelops the future, eausing onpital to hositnto to embark in now onterprieos, many are looking about for some romedy which may afford temjporary reliof. Amoug the moasurey proposed to this end, ono, perhnps tho most spscious, and yet, us it sooms 10 mo, really the most daugorous, is a furthor inflntion of the already depreciated cur- roucy. Tho effect of such inflation must be two- fold: First, to dopreciate tho cucrénoy still moro, nud theraby increnso the embarrassmonta with which such a cmrency surronnda the busi- ness of the country; and second, to make the uitimuto roturn to & sound standard moro diflle oult and disastrous, If woare evor to roturs to n #pecic-standard for our currency, the fivs{ indispousablo step is to stop tho further issue of jrredeomablo papor ''he oxiatence of sush puper nt prezent impaira the National credit, and ltn incronno in violation ot the plighted faith of the_Nution, will bo alike disastrous to public credit and ‘])rivum ‘businoss. Trom whnt I have nbove enid, yon wil soc thnt I am unaltorably opposed to a further in tho questions on which you desirad mo to ox pross mysolf; hut, as L am deeply interosted it ha snccossful netion of tho Convention, pormil mo to add & furtlior suggestion ¢ thid country oxists iu tha olfactive aud soonoms foal application of Inbor, As industries of all doreriptions are pursued ab various loenlitiog ovor tho wide-sprend tovritory of the United Ktatos, froo inter-communication and chonp trans- portation nre ossuntinl to tho general welfaro of the pooplo, aud houce railrond-monopoly is one of tho principal cnnses of tho prosont business- ombarrassmonts of the country, 'T'he wubjoot ot contral of railrond-transportation is ono whicl han vecontly largoly occupied public attention, and it soems to mo thut pn}mlnr opinion is, per hups, {nsonsibly drifting in & wrong dircetion. Tho diffeuitios “whioh surrouud it are so groat, and tho subject is so futricate, that many soeny fnalined to'dospair of reliof by Stato logisintion, or by tho proper npplication of tho remadies afforded by the cominon Inw, and to appenl to the Federal Uovernment for rolief, Already various wild and impracticable schemos hava boon muggosted, involying (he exponditure of untold millions, nnd thvowing wide opon the door for corruption, and for no clearly defined advantage, which, 1 teust, will not recoive the upproval of tho Convention, Tho Htates can consorvo tholr own rights and dignity,” promoto tho welfaro of thoir Gwn citic zon¥, watch ovor tho cconomioal exponditurs of pmblle rovonue, 1esint tho tendoney to Fordor entralization Dy rofusing o roceive from thy Genoral Govornmont help to do that which they ean B0 mueh botter do for themsolves, You aro at liborty to oommumento these views R8 you mey doom progm-. Yours yory tryly, Riguanp 1, MONGAN, Ja flation of tho curroncy, This, perkaps, auswers , ‘Pho Lruo sourco of prosperity to the peoploot . |