Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 15, 1874, Page 2

*a THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: MONDAY, JUN 15, 1874 THE SLAVE-POWER. An Address Delivered by tho Revs William Goodell at the Lato Abolition Reuttion, EButly Testimony Ageinst Slavery and the Slave-Trade. Declino of tho Kpieit of Liberty, and (Growlh and Supremacy of the Slave-Power. The Fivst Collision--~The Missouri Con- 1est and Compromise. Conspiracy to Enslave the State of Illinois. “Noiern Aholitionistn <.« Organization of the Anti:8lavery and Pro- Slavery Torces, Outlines and Incidents of the Great Struggle. The Liberty Party --- Anti-Slavery Views of the Constitution. Tho following paper, by the Rov. Willlam Gouiloll, of Now York, was read at the recent Abolition Ronnion in this city. Lack of spaca has prevonted its publication Lill now: —— INTRODUCTORY. It sooms desirable that this rounionof the sicvivors of tho gront strugglo agaiust Amori- zan Blavory that terminated ite oxistouco, now nsgemblod in Chicago, Juno 9, 10, and 11, 1874, should, in somo way, prosont such publio senti- monts in respect to it as may be istructive aid usoful to the newly-risen generation and to postority. Aund, notwithstanding the divorsitics of senti- niont among tho opponents of Slava-Power, and the varicties of measures employod by thom, it is conceived to bo practicablo, inroview of the pagt, to unite in o common statoment of such viows, principles, and lending frots nnd occur- rencos, a8 ahall serve as land-marks for nquir- cas In sonrch of & more minute acquaintanco with tho subjoot. And, if divorsitios of statemont, In which all cannot agree, be decmed doshable, opportunity may bo afforded for individuals, for themselves or na roprosentativos of thoir nssociates iu ao- tion, to presont thoir soparato starements on thoir own rosponeibility, yet with careful impar< tality, and without nssailivg tho views, or im- pugning tho course, or impeaching the motives, of olhers, It is necessary to look, first, ab the gigantio ovil to bo encountored and conquored. T ORIGIN OF SLAVIERY. American Slavery originated in the Afriean Slave-Trado, which our own Govortiment had Interdicted in 1808, and Lind pronounced piracy in 1917 ond 1819, whilo it, novertholess, pro- tected and fostored Siavery ituelf, QUEEN ELIZADETI in 162, pormittod tho importation of slaves “from Afriea, to bo carried to her Colonies, with thelr own consent ; but thoy wore seizod and carriud awny by forco. Thoy were thus brought into this country’ Goorgin was firat sottlod in 1788, by Gen. Jemes Ogothorpo, uuder o grant of Lisown procuriug probibiting Slavery; but, find- ing limsel? and T'rustees unable to enforco the yprohibition, he abandoned tho settlement, and roturned to England in 1743. Into the other Colonies slaves wore introduced without any Colonial or British logislation suthorizing it, aud under charters from the Crown (which, until the Rovolution and Declaration of Independence, were their only Copstitution of Civil Govern- ment) oxprossly providing that tho Colonies ehiould enact no law contrary to the common law, the Coustitution, and fundamontal laws of Great Dritein, _ But these im deerded by Lord Chief Justice Mauslleld, in the case of the vlave Jamen Somerset, prosecuted by Granville Sharpe, and sustnined by authorities eited from Coko, For- torcue, and Blacktons) are incompalible with the oxistonce of Blavery. This decision, WIHICH LINERATED TUE BLAYE EOMERSET, and ull the otbier slaves in England, wag made Feb, 4, 1772, more than four yoars bofore our Deciaration’ of Independenco, aud was, thore- fore, equally binding in this country. But laws do not exceitte themselves, nor are they enforced by law-breakers. Auother significant and ad- 1mitted historical fact is, that no Colonial legis~ Intion can bo found originating or establishing Blayory (os thers lad beon none in Groat Britain), or determining who were sinves, Grad- uelly thore camo enactmentys roquiring that chil~ dron of slsve-mothers should bo slaves (thongh chiliren of _slavo-fathers might_ be),~thia ausuming, without evidence or legal anthoiity, thnt certain mothers wora slaves. {See Goodeli's History of Blavery and Anti-Slavory; Ciarkeou's History of the Slava Trade; Stuart's Memoir of Grauvillo Bharpe; Edwarde' Iistory of the Went Indies; Godwin’s Lectures on Blavory; Willson's American History, ete,, otc.] piiegises b SLAVERY AS IT WAS IN AMERICA. 1t wag not with any other system of servitudo, more or less vigorous, ancient or modern, that Aworican Abolitionista wore called to contond. It was not with ony of those imagioary, by~ pothotical, or thooretie concoptions of Blavery 88 it possibly might have existed, which tho op- posers of Abolitionists industriously fabricated, Aubstituting them for tho matlor-of-fack reality oxisting among us, insluting that it was not o gin per 50" (nocessarily ainful) and domand- ing anbolition, but an innocout relation, only needing rogulation to prevent abuses. In striking contrast with any such conceptions, and defying all effectusl restriotions, the slave- Loldors promulgated such DEFINITIONS OF ‘'TUE PECULIAR INBTITUTION" a8 the following : Bouth Carolinn.—* Blaves shall be doemed, sold, roputed, and adjudged in lnw, to be chat- telu porsonal in tho hunds of thelr owners and possessory, aud their executors, administrators, and assigus, to all intents, constructions, and purposes whatsoever.” [4 Bevard's Digest, 229; Drinco’s Digest, 446, oto., ote.] Louisluna,—*' A slave Iy ouo who Is in the power of a master to whom lho belongs, Ilia mastor may gell him, dispose ot his person, his industry, and big labor, He can do nothing, posses nothing, nor ucquire anything, but what must bolong to Lis wmanter,” “[Civil Code, Art. 45,] “The slaye i outiroly subject {o the will of his mastor.” [Art. 1780.} Blaves, a4 proparty, nuiy bo used absolutely by thelr owners, for tholr own profit or pleasure, Bulng property thewsolves, they could own no proporty, nor muke auy contract, not oven the Ccontract of narringe. Hlaves, theroforo, could not constitute faunlios, Sluve-paronts could buvo 1o right In their ohilldren, no authority or control ovar them, no svcurity from separation by kulo, by morlgago, by dlstribution of ostatos; no family government,family education, or fam- ily prulnc&uu. ‘Thoy wore sold at auclion. An immense iptornal slave-trade, amounting at times to $160,000,000 per Annum, was carriod on botween the slave-breoding Btatos of Maryland, Virgima, und Kentuoky, and the slave-consum- ing, cotton-sud-sugar-growing States, without th nlightost rogard to the moparation of hun~ ‘bunds and wives, parents and childron, Tduea- tion of slavos was forbidden, I'reo roligioun meotings for worship wers Interdictod, or kub- scted Lo voxatious and dograding distinotions, Thoy coultk malntain no suit ut lnw, nor testity o4 Witnoss in uuy caso whoro a while pordon was cuncorued, With these epecimens tho entire systom of Awortoun Slavery hurnjonlzed, FUGITVER FIIOM NLAVERY were hunted witl bloudhonunds ab the South and, under Federul ounctionts, thoy weso chasod into Froe Statos, forblddon, uhdor ponnlties, th ‘o harbored, socrotod or assisted, and, requited to bé dolivored up to thelr ownors. 'Uho slayo lind no morns or power of solf-redomption ; con~ tracts with thelr mndtors for this purpose wora not doomed valid: and many a slave, having by ox(rnunlhmr‘; oxertions, carned monoy and paid for himsolf, has boen still rotalned in stovory, Manuwmlsslons by mastors woro oither forbidden, ot nllowed ouly on condition of tho expatrintion of tho froodman. This, along with many of the disnbilitles of tho Btates, woro visited upon the wo-callod © froo 11058100! color,"—ovon it somo, tatos, to tho forbidding of thoir boing laught to read or writo. Nor wore theso ennctments o dord lottor, By a minas of Houthern tostimony it is provad that the practico wan not better (witls oxcoptional cuun? thai tho thoory and codo that sanctioned It, “'No peoplo [says an owinent writor] wou ovor known to bo botter than their Inwa, though many bave beon known to bo worso.” 1If obao- Ioto Iaws are excoptions, tho Blave-code, beforo the proclnmation of Lincoln, was nover obroloto, [8eo Btraud’s Sketeh of tho Slave-Lows; Whool- or's Linw of Slavery ; Goodell's Amorican Blave- Codo, with nuthoritios thero cited; and Weld's “8lavery ns 1t Tu, by tho estimony of a Thou- sand \Vuucsueu."i g ARLY TESTIMONIES AGAINST SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE-TRADE. Tho Dominicaus of Spanisk Amorios, as ro- Intod by OClarkeon, condomued Slavery, and recommended fts abolition. DBoing opposed by tho Franclacans, a controversy aroso, which was carriod to Popo Leo X., who declded that ** Not only the Christian roligion, but that Naturo horself, cried ont ngalust Blavory.” This was ap- proved by Oharlow V., who abolishod it in his dominions. We can only add the following names of early Abolitionists : Dr. Godwin, Rlch- avd Daxter, Boutheron, Hutchinson, Fostor, Atking, Wallls, Blshop Warburton, Dr, Portous, John Wesley, Bishop Horsley, Dr. Samuol Johu- son, Edmund Burke, Archdeacon Taly, Mou- i Dlackstono, Willinm Pitt, Oharles Jame e, Tishop Butler, Mannah More, *the loar) " Dr. DPrimatt, Dr. Wille jam Nobei. ... tho Abbo Grogolro, tho Abbe Rpynal, Dr. Prico, of London (the cor- respondent of Jofferson), Addwon (in tho Spee- fator), Drs. Adam Olarko, MoKnight, and Thowns Scott (the commontators), Abrabam Boothe, James Boattle, George Iox, Jamos Montgomery, Cowper, Pollock, Roussaan, John T.ocke, Buffon, Brissot, Sir Willlam Jouoes, Clark- gom, Wilborforce, Shnrpo—in othor countries, Then AMONG OUR OWN COUNTRYMEN, tho Rov. Dra. Jouathan Edwards the younger, Josoph Dollamy uud Dr. Snwmuel Iopkins (celobrated thoologinng), Dr. Bonjamin Ilush, Thomas Jefferson, Dr, Dou&nmi\l Frauklin, John Ty, Aloxauder Iamtlion, Gen. Maithow Clark- son, and Willinm Pincknoy, of Marvlaud. TESTIMONIE§ AND ACTION OF ECCLESIASTIOAL TODIES. Tho Congtogntional Church at Newport, R, I., of which Dr, Samuel Ifoplius was pastor, ox- ‘cluded slave-traders sud slayeholders from its communion provious to tho Declaration of Inde- peudence; and tho examplo was followed by u number of Congregationnl Churches in Now Lngland. ho Boclety of Friends was agitated with o dlscnasion of the subject from 1764 till 1787, the number of slavolioldors decronsing until, at about tho Iattor dato, it was roporied that thoro wera nono remaining. Componsation was pro- videtl for tho cwancipated sluves, not for tho slavobiolders, This long-protracted discussion Wos nuuuliurli oarnost, bold, evorgetio, and ex- citing undor the remonstrancos and terriblo de- vunciations of William B\lxhu{‘;, of Long Island; Ralph _Saundeford, of Philadelphia; Benjamin Lmy, Jobn Woolman, and Aunthony Douozot. Our modern Abolitiouists, so much consnred for their vituperation, unchuritableness, and fannti- cigin, wero mild, couctlintory, aud tame in tho compatison. I'he Mothodist Episcopal Oburch in Amorien was organized with o stipulation that ¢ Slavery should not Lo continued in this Church.” In 1780 the Conforenca uulmu\\'lud;}uu that Slavory ia contrary to tho laws of God, man, and Ni~ ture, hurtful to society, contrary'to tho dictatos of conscionce and puto religion, ete. Tho Prosbyterian Church—1n 1704 the Gon- oral Assembly adopted a nots Lo the 1428 ques- tion in the Largoer Catechism in tho *¢ Confos- sion of Laith (reiating to the Eighth Comman- dment), in the words following: 1. Timothy 1,10 “The law {8 made for man- stealers,” Tlus crime, among the Jews, exposed tho yerpetrators to capitul punisliment—Ezodus xxk, 165 oud the Apostle hero classes them with sluuers of tho fivstrank, The word Lo usce, in its original fuport, comprehends all who ara conterned in bringi: any of the human mes into Slnvery, or roluining ot i 1t, Stenlers of mun ure those Who bring ofl slaves or freomen, and keep, sell, or buy them, To ateal a freeman, suys Grotfus, 1§ the bighest kind of theft. In other instunces wo only steal Lluman property; but, when we steal or retuin mon in Sluvery, we seizo {hote who, in common with oursclves, ars constituted by the origiual grant lords of the enrth—Genesinf,, 23, Baptists—In 1780 the Goneral Committes of the Baptists of Virginia adopted the following resolution offerad by the colobreted Eldor Johu L violc ‘Id Ivat ot wlved, That Slavery isn violent deprivation of ihg;ig{lltgof Nuture, nm{hwunnh(l:ut Wlll‘l Ttepublican Government, nnd, therofore, we recommend it toour Drethren to’ mako uso of overy meusure to oxtirpato thls horrid_ovll from the laud : and pray Almighty God thnt onr lionorabla Leglalnture may Lave it fn their power to proclaim tha finn! Jublice, coneistont with the principles of good polivy. The conbrast_botwoon such uttorances and those Biblical dofences of Slavery with which Abolitionists woro afterwards ealled to contond, illustratos the nceessity and sublimity of their mission, and the magnitudo of tho beneflts con- forred upon the Chureb, the world, aud posteri- ty Ly tho results of their labors. H A sinnlar illustration will bo furnished by a glimpse ut the continst bolweon OUR BEVOLUTIONARY PATRIOTS and tho Yro-Slavery politicians and sycophnnts whose opposition nnd stratogy Abolitionists wrero likewiso compelied to sncounter, ‘The moral aud political atmosphero that pro- duced tho American Rovolution was the suma tuat, then and afterwards, produced opposition toBlavery. Thedoctruo of inalienablo humsn rightx fs equally the foundution of both of thom. etietaon, who ponned tho Deolaration of Ine dependence, bad proviously, in his Notes on Virgina, given uttorance to the most radical and eloquent “condemnation of Slavery, along with feartul forobodings of the calamitios it would bring—-ay it aftorwaids did—upon the Nation, Abolitionism, then, and ovor afterward, way in- separably connoctod with oulightoned patriotism, and was essential o tho safoly and prosperity of tho country. : Said Jefforaon: *tho whole commerco botween master and slave I8 a perpetual exercise of the most boisterous pagsions, tho most unremitting dospotisms on tha ono part, and degrading sub- missions on the other. , . , Itrembls far my conntry, when I rafleet that God is just, aud thint s justice cannot sleep forevor," John Jay said; * ‘Till Amoric comes into thig measure [Abolition], Lior prayers to hoaven will be impious. Uhis I o strong 'exprossion, but it is just,” “1 boliove thut Gad governs theworld, and I beliove it to bo a maxim fu Ilis courts, that those who asl for equity ought to doit." [Leitor from Spain.] Dr, Frauklin gaid: “Slavery is an atroclous debasement of human nature.” Putricl Honry sald: ¢ Bollovo mo, I shell honor the Quniters for their noble effort to, abollsh Blavery, It s n debt wa owo to tho purity of our roligion, that is at varlancn with that Inw that warranta Slavery,” 1 beliaye n time will come whon an opportunity will bo oftorod to abolish Lhis lamentable evil.—[Letter to Robert Plonsaute.] Luthor Martin, of Maryland, advocatod the abolition of Slavery In the Fodoral Conyentivn of 1787, William Pinckney, of Maryland, sald : “*Ilavo no hopo that the stronm of “gonoral lborty will toraver flow unpolluted through the miro of par- tinl bundage, or that thoy who huvo boon habit- uated to lord it over othars will not, iu timo, bo- como bage enough to lot othors lord it over them, If they resist, It will be tho strugele of pride and solfisinoss, not of principlo,~[Speoch in the Touso of Dologatos.] Qeorgo Washiugton said: *Thoro is not a muu living who wishos more sinceroly than I do to soo a plan adopted for the eholitlon of Blavery; but thera is only one proper and offgetual modo in whtok in can be accomplishod, and that is by logislativo authority; and this, no far as my sultrago will go, shall novor be waut ihgy" { Lotter to Robort Morrim‘ ames Madison * declared ha thought it wrong to ndmit in thoe Constitution the idon that thero could bo property in® mauv” |4 Madison's Tapors, 1,420,] Jumon Slonson tostiflod that wo kad ¥ found this evil proying upon tuo vitals of overy Btate that tolorated it.” ORDINANCE or 1787, . In this yoar tho old Congrews passed an ordinauco nhnlluldni( Bluvary futha Northwostern ’.l'oruwrv, and precluding ita futnre introduction thoro, 'l'his ‘Porritory _neludod the presont Btatos of Ohlo, Indinng, Iinofu, Mlchigni, Wik- consin, and towa. ‘This mensure originsted with JofTerson, and was ratified by tho new Congresy under tho Vederal Constitution, the entire Bouthorn delegution voting for fts adoption. v was genorally undorsiood that Blavery wag doullulufi. and stpposed that, with the abolition of tho African slave-trade, which was to take plate In 1808, the eutire systom wonld disappenr, ATIOLITION AND MANUMIASION—EARLY SOUIRTIES, Tho Anti-Blavery sontiment of our Revolution- nry poriod found early expresaion in Abolition and Manumlssion Hoclotios, Tho Ponuaylvanin Abolition Boclety was farmed in 1774, and onlarged in 1787, Dr. Loenjamin Tranklin wag its Prosident, and Dr, Don]amin Rush, Booretary,—both signers of tho Doclnrn~ tlon of Imlepondence. In 1790, lzpmmxtmln momorinl to Congross, drafted by Frauklin, in which, citing the tnngungo of tha Pronmble to tho Constitution, it romlnded Congromsof its lmwom for ‘promoting tho welfaro and scour- ug tho blomsings of liborty Lo tha poople of tha United Btates ;" and the momorialists *oon- colved that theso blossngs ought rghtrully to Lo administored without distinotion of color,"— thus clenrly intimating the duty of Cougreos, undor the Constitution, to abolish Blavery in tho Bitalos, na maintained by n portion of modorn Abolitionists haif n contury afterwards, Blrango 03 It may now soom, s momorinl was rospoctfully recolved, considored, and do- bnted by Cougross, and found a dogreo of favor. Tho Virgiuia, Mnrylnud, Ithode Island, Cou- necticut, Now York, and Daltimore Soclotics, likowiro'sont wp moinorinls to Congrous, ns did nlso tho Bacloty of Friouds, Thero was Ilkowise & Hocloty m Dolawaro, In 1704 ten soolotics met in Convoution in Philadolphis, and con- tinued to moot aunually for o number of years nfterwards, A Of tho Now York Manumission Booloty, formod in 1785, tho first Lrosidont was John Jhy, afterwards Chiof Justico of tho United Btafos, succocded by Gen. Aloxander Iamilton, of the Tovolutiounty Army, aftorwards Scorotary of the Tronsury; thon by Gon. Matthew Clarke son, Unitod Statos Mnrahal for Now York, Of tho Conmecticut Abolition Sociely, Dr. Tzra Stiles, Prosidont of Yale Collogo was the flrst Prosident, aud Simeon Daldwin, was Secro- tary, :)yl tho Providenco (R. L) Abolition Soctoty, organized in 1789, Judge David Howell, A momborof the First Congross, was tho first Prosi- deut, and Goy. Arthur Founer ono of its Stand- ing Committeo, DLr. Hopking and Dosos Lrown were amoug its mombers. It contnined 118 mombory, of whom 68 lived in Massnchusotts and 8 in Connecticut, Dr, Jounthan Lidwards was ono of thoso. “In 1786 John Jay drafted and signed s momorial to tho Leglulature of Now York ugzainst Blavery,and petitioning for its abolition,decluxing thut tho mon held as slaves by the Inws of Now York ware,fras by tha laws of God, Amoug the Kuullunom wero Jamoss Dunno, Mayor of Nuw York City; Robert R, Livingston, aftorward Sec- retary of Forcign Affairs of the United Stntos, and Chaneollor of the Stato of Now York; Alox- andor Humilton, and mauvy othereminont citizens of tho State." [MSS, by the Hou, William Jay.] *Amoug olher distinguished individuals who wore efticiont oflicors of these Abolition Societics, and dologates from thoir rospective Stato Socie- tios at the aununl mectings of the American Con- vention for l‘tomn!iug tho Abolition of Slavery, wezro tho Ilow. Uriah Tracy, United Statos Sona-~ tor from Conuecticut; tho Hon, Zophaninh Swift, Chiof-Justica of the samo; ihe Hon, Crsnr A. Rodnoy, Attorney-Gonoral of the United States; thollon, James A. Bayard, United Btates Sonator {rom Dolawaro; Gov. Bloomtleld, of Now Jersey; the Iou, Willinm Rawlo, the lato vencrablo head of tho Thiladelphia Dar; Cusper Wistar, of Thiladolplia; Mesurs, Foxter an ’l‘illin;.'hlnsL of Rthode Island; Messrs. Ridgoloy, Buchanun, and Wilkinson, of Maryland; “and_ Mossrs, Ploarants, McLean, and Anthony, of Virginia.” [Memoir of Hopkins, in his works, Vol, I. p 126-"7, whoro tho nccount continues:] * It was not without its powerful encmies, who aasorted that it injured tho reputation of tho slave- teaders, some of whom wero among tho best oitizons of Nowport; that it jnjured tho char- acter of the slaves by induciug thom to run awny ; that it tonded to provont the slavo-trade, which was a roal benefit to the Alricons, ns it saved them from tho barbaritios of thoir native 1and, and introducod them Inlo clvilizod regions; the spirit of tho Socioty was adverse to tho Con- stitution of tho United States, ono articlo of which was mado to prevent the injustieo which this Society aud their adheronts are practicing,” ote. Mosos Brown replied with tho bonutiful calmuess wlich ever adornod his mild life. Judge Howoll came to tho rescuo with his keen srgument and his Lotinity of style.” n this fucident wo have a fororunner of tho stengglo to which tho Abolitionists of gonora- tious following would be summoned i conse quenco of the unfinished work of their fathors. TIHE GENEBAL PREVALESCE of Anti-Slavery sontimont in that gonoration is thus stttosted {vy Jofferson: * I think o chango i alroady perceptible sincs tho origin of ths progont Revolutton, The spint of the master ia nbating; that of the slavo s rising from tho duat, his condition mollifying; the way, 1 hopa, preparing, under the uuspicea of Heaven, for o total emancipation,” Such wera the Abolitionists of tho Rovolution- ary poriod; such the reputationin which thoy woro hold, {nstand of boiug dououncod ns fauac- ica ; such the positions they occupied, wstead of boitig pelted wilh rotten eggs, politically oatra- cized, sud pronounced ‘' justly linblo to the “‘“‘“‘“.f civil pounltics aud occleginstical con- BUYOE, Aud such, alas! were thodelusive expactations indulged by thom, It was the delusion of sup- posing thet grons natioual siue, imbedded in the cherishod habits of socioty, tolerated by Goy- ment, nttempted to be restrained, limited nud rogulnted, iustond of bnlni prohibitod and sup- pressad as criminal, could bo overcome by com- promising expedieuts, by measures of proorasti- nation, oF & spirit of gradunl improvomont, wi- dor tho influenco of which they would almost dis out, af thomsslves. e o DECLINE OF THE SPIRIT OF LIB. ERTY. GROWTI AND RISING SUPREMAQY OF THE SLAVE- TOWER. The delusions indulged by tho Abolitlonlsts of the eighteenth centwry insured tho disappoint- ment that followed, and mado neccesary the more arduous struggles of the Abolitioulsts of tho ninotoonth century, along with the torriblo cataatropho inseparablo from tho overthrow of the great ovil they contended ngaivst. Those who lament the controversy, the agitation, and the sacrificos, should learn to lament and svoid, iu future, tho moral causes that naturally pro- duco such offects, Lnlightoned statesmanship shiould dread proceastination, balf-way roforus, tomporlzing expedionts, and compromises, in dealing with groat national and sacial wrongs, as they dread rebellions and clvil wars. Iad Con- grous disposed of Dr. Franklin's momorial as it ought, and might have douno, the history of *Tho Riso and Fall of tho Slave-Power” would nevor have boon wrltton. Not all of tho old-time Abolitionists woro aub- ject to tho lamoutablo delusion deseribod. T'ranklin scoms not to have boon. Dr. Sumuol Hopkins, of Rhode Island, and William Pinck- noy, of Blaryland, cortainly were not. Both of thom etrougly exprossod thuir dissont from the prevalling policy, with grave apprehonsions for the future consequenced. "Ulis was true sagaci- ‘{' but was doubtless rogarded ns ovidence of their incompoteucy to comprehiend public afaire and to act the part of praotical men, Tt was not long beforo the policy deplorad by Hopliny and Dincknoy bogan to dovelop itsolf in o mnrked decline of the spirit of froedom, o re- laxution of ournest eiforty for tho abolition of Blavery, s revived notivily in tho operatious of slavoholdors, aud & fuvorablo regavd for thoir intorests, 1t hus beon common to attributo this wolely to the iuveution of Whitnoy's cotton-gin, , the couscquont facllities for tho culturo of cotton, and the incroased demand for it nrtsing from the commencoment of ita vlo- mentiv manufacture, Thewo wore not withont uhoir Intlucncs, and the fact illnstratos still fur- thor the unwisdom of delayiug to improvo the favorahlo Providontinl opportunity of abolintiing Blavery, whon slnve-labor was unprofituble, in- stoad of waiting fora possible chango in thut rospect. Had Blavery beon sholished when it ought, and easily might, have boon, a system of froa Inbor might huva taken ity placo, as is now in process, Lo the bonollt of all concerned, It WaE A MORAL DELINQUENOY, and not a mera mechnnicat inventlon, nor a now form of dowmestio industey, that intleted on the uation the torrible avil of s contralling Slave- Powor, and tho fearful rotribution that fol- lowed. That morsl dolinquoncy wus tho doluy of prasent duty, the substitution of sup- posied oxpoedionoy for kolf-ovidont und inunutis- lo rigght, n proforence for supposod politieal [n- torents ovor the woll-knowu rogquiremonts and will of Almighty Qod. No nalion san expoct to prospor whoso rulers, and ovon profemsed ro- formors, consent to parley with tomptation and tritlo wilh moral obligation, The path of nbuo- lute roctitude {s tho only path of assured mifoty. Wao caunot now traoo minutoly thoe numerous marjos and stops ot deotonsion that charnoterizod thia trunsition-poriod of our national history, Bullico it to suy, in fmmml. thut, o fur from taking o single stop towsrd the promised aud oxpocted abolitlon of Sluvory, one moasure aftur another was adopted touding to tighten its bouds and extond tiie uren of its dominion, by tho ad- mission of now Bluve Btutosand the aequirement of new BlavoLorvitory ; vizs from Georgiu,in 1803, out f which wore formed tho two Blavo Siates. of Mivslusippl und Alabawon; and then the pur- chato of Loulalang, in 1803, ont of which woro formnd tho throo Blave Btates of Louisiana, Mis- slasippl, and_ Arkanusas, Lolh thoro purohnses woro unider tho Adminlstration of Jofferson, the Inttor boing his ]mt moasurd, though ho doubted Its constitutional warranty, yot ploadod that **I'he poopla woro so deslrous of the purchnso thet the formality pf an amendmont might bo walvod.” Had rocord of tho doclining virwia of * tha peo- ol and of helf popular Ghiof Magistrats, who had perinod tho Notws ot Virglnln, thio Dholara- tion of Indopendonco, and the plonsing prodie- tion of & total omanvipation,” Nomarvel thnt thik was followod by thopnrchane ot Itlorida, undor Motwoo, in 18103 the wrosting of Moxas Irom Mexieo, undor Jackuon, in 1836, nud, aftor o long doluy and. controveiny, its nd- mission into tho Uulon, with Blavery, under yloy, in 1845, DUNR'S CONBPINAGY, for tho conquest of Mexico, and its union with the Blave Stutes, in 1800-'7, was, at bottom, a slaveholders' consnlragy for a_soparation from tho Non-Slaveholding Htates. Though defonted nt the timo, the sympathy of prominent slave- holding statosmen (bulieved Lo have boon in the plot) suceoedad, by an intentional flaw in the in- dictinont, Lo save the neck of the trator; bub the project of conqutoring Mexico wud nover ro- linquished till our Info war agalnkt it ; nor the kindred projcct of £ro-Slnvcry dinunion, until tho firing npon Fort Sumter and tho commonco- nont of Lhe Rebollion, ‘ho sttompt ut nullifica- tion by Calboun, in 1833, was bubt an fvci- dantal outburst of tho voleano. TPresident Jocl- sou, who snubbed it, prodicted that it would como in tho namo of bhwury tho next time, The promiso to avolish VIE APRIGAN BLAVE-TRADE was fulfllled ounly in form, or as far s it way found consistont with the interests of Alave- holders. Bo longas tho plantors on tho South- ern soaboard yoedod additional supplics of slavos, and could obtnin them choapor divect from Atrica by smugglors than they could from the mora Northorly Slave Btates, thoy continued to do #o, and tho practico was winked at by tho nuthorities. Municipal or State onactments wore somotimes rosorted to, for tha pm}loun of logal- izing the tonure of slave-property thus noguired, Mravolora found plantations worked by native Africans, full-blooded and igno- raut of our lamgusgo, This acconnts for tho stondy rofusal of our Govorn- wmont to co-oporate with Gront Britain and othor nations to take offactual menstiros for suppross- ing the slave-trado by a proposod mutual right of sonreh, under limitations aud restrictions, to dotoct slaves. This was tho praotioal point. Yet, whon tho Virgiuln slave-brocdors, with thofr worn-out, Slavory-blightod soil, had bo- coms a mero slave-bresding fleld for the Bouthorn markot, aud claimod s monopoly of tho_traflle, hor ltoprosontatives in Cougrons, growing cloguent on tho iniquity of tho African slavo-trade, domanded that it should be declared piracy by the laws of nations! The Dritish Minister made no demur, but proposed tha mutual right of search, which was declined by our Sonato, nfter tho troaty had boon rogularly drawn up and signed in London. The British Minister at Washington romone stratod, 'F'he President (Monroo), as in honor bound, urged tho ratitiention, suggosting, naturally enough, that the refusal would oxposs ua * to the chargo of insincority respocting the grent result of the fiunl supprossion of the slave- irade.” The Senato, nftor long debntes, ratified tho treaty in & mutilatod form, unwisely strikimg oitt cortatn words, thus destroying its efticaoy, giving full security to slnves whilo on tho const of “ America,” and also to tho traflio carried on in “charterod” or hired veassols, oto. [Seo Juy's Viow; Qoodolls History, 'p. 20:1; “iracy in Africa—Drotoction in Amerien,”] ‘Whoro ™ conscionce could not restrain from slave-holding, it could not restrain from slave- trading. Tha attompt to prohibit tha one while tolerating tho othor was o moral absurdity, and consoquently s political bundor. THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY, organized in 1816, ns afterwards managed and administored, furnighed anothor siguificant deo- velopment of tho mora), religions, and politienl declonsion of tho country., In the minds ol 1lopkins and Mils, it wns Aimply o missionary operation for tho benefit of Africnny in Afrien,— not a8 a substitute for Abolition in Americn ; gtill less as a means of fostoring Isrujudiuo ngainst the colored man, of douying his right to live in the land of hix bitth ay n {reo citizon, enjoyiug and exorclsing tho inalienablo rights of humanity,—de- manding his expatrintion it liberabod,— meiting riotous violonco aud logislation against Abolitionixts, and forcibly breaking up and pro- hibiting uchouls for tho colored peoplo. All this, Lowever, it soon beeamo, in tho hauds of slavo- holders and their symprthizers, rotainiug its misgionary clnims to enlist the churches nnd ministors, yet sending ont no missionaries, rocommending it to tho poople of the North as the true instrumentality for wbolishing Slavery, and to the peoplo of the South as the best means of soenring Slavery, by removiug tho freo poo- pla_of color, tho" mast_dangerous _clomant of thoir populatlon. Its President, Honry Cldy, iu tho snme public addross, insisied on tho necossity of thoir yomoval from this couu- try 88 o dograded people, und ns nuiaances, and yob laclarod that overy immigrant to Liborls would be n mission- ary to carry Christinnity and civilization to Alfrica. Strange oy it may seem, such sbsurdi- i10s could not only bo uttered by such s man, but could bo admired and accopted by Seuntors aud Doctors of Divinity. Yet such was the ma- tured delusion - that originated the attempt to tolerato moral opposites in n provious gouora- tion. Asn * missionary " operation, it claimod tho patronnge and funds of the Government. l’lm}godb'lu constitution to rcmove no emi- grants without their freo consent, it someotimes claimed tho vight of coercion ; and one of its advocates (the Rov, Dr. R, J. Dreckinridge) do- clared that many of them waoro * as really co- erced py if they lad been driven on board ship with o eart-whip,” Thug thoir forefathors wore to havo beon brought to this couutry, with thoir own consont, but wero coorced ond leld in slavery. e forofuthors were brought hero to bo Christianized, Tho childron were now to bo sent back to bo Christinnized, Decause, wo were told, * Christianity could nover elevato them in this conntry.” Awong the suc- cossive offlcers of the Society, FECW MANUMITTED ANY OF TUEIR SLAVES and sent them to Liberia, the Socicty'’s colony, though the Society was higt\ly lauded as furni ing opportunity for sucl nots of bonovoleuco: On tho _conirary, ono of them, a nephew of QGeorge Washington, the inheritor of M, Ver- tion (Judge Bushrad Washington), sold fifty- four of Lis slaves at ono timo, to bo shipped to Now Otloans, Noither of his noxt two succes- gors—Mr, Oarroll, & large slaveboldor, and Mr, Madison—was known' to have man- umitted any of his slaves, And Lho noxt, Honry Clay, publicly intimated that ho did not intond to sond hie slaves to Africa, Of the eflicioncy of this only possible mothod of ridding oursolyos of Slavery, by the removal of nll tho nogroes to Africa (for it was assumed and insisted that they could nover live froe in this country), an estimate may bo mado from the fact that, duting tho first eightoon youra of the oxperimont, the ratio of removal, compared with the ascertninod natural incroase by births, showed thoy ind romoved only the actual in- eronso of flve days aud s Lalf? * A rapid inerenso of Binvory, justend of its promised gradunl dis- appearanco ! The uatural consequenco of evory attempt to romove or diminlsh any great publio wrong while lcm‘mgb the roots of the maral cancer in tho body politio, Yot the mathematical demonstration of the delusion did hittle or nothing towards dispolling it, 1ty pa- trons were our idolized etatesmon and rever onced occlosinstics ; tholr opponents were: n more “hnndful of thoorizing impracticablies,” Phus it {s ever with o genoration preparing for Divine judgmouts. TUE 80-CALLED FUGITIVE-STAVE LAW or 1703, with Its meavelous growth nud transformution, supplics anothor illslration of tho “ docline aud fall® of Ireedom under the iron hoofs of tho the Blave-I'ower, ‘which nocessituted thut sub- limo uprising of ngroat nation, which wo celo- brate to-day. ‘Pownard tho closo of the Convontlon that drafted tho Fodoral Constitution, “ A proposal was mado fo insert & provision for recluiming fugitive sluves, It was sconted by genoral uculuumumx, and abandonod without o~ feuso, The noxt dey thoe oleo [con- corning ‘persons held te msorvico and Inbor, and” from whom sorvice mny bo due’} was propused, and unsnimously udopted without dobuto, Ho that tho indignunt rofusal of tho Convontiou to provide for tho rondition ot fugi- tive slavos is an establishod historienl fuof." [Nationsl Oharters, p. 69.] The occaslon and atigin of tho cluuso aro well known, 'I'lio call on tho Convontion, for it came from Philadol- lmiu. not from eny slavo Swto, Shipmasters irluging fn forolgn immigrants unable to pay their pussugo, burgninod with them to pay in labor, on thelr labor which was “duo,” To obtain this, they woro sot up at auction, aud thoir “uurvioo™ kold to thoso who wanted it, Matthow Lyon,attorwards u Mombor of Gougross, liad hig *sorvice™ thus sold, But theso ** por- soms " (not *“slnves, " who waore **not porsons ™) eallod ™ rodomptloners,” *“held to sorvica and lubor in ave Stute [swy Ponnsylyauin] under tho Jus thoreol,” wore In Lo labit of * excuping to nnothor.” Ilenco tho provision that thoy should bo *givon up,” Fo, as betwoon Masua~ chusotts und other Golonies, thoro wors mutust stipulations for dolivoring up fugitive appron- ticos, ‘Plioro {6 not tho slightost ovidouco that tho pooplo of the Northorn Stutes, In adopting the Coustitution, undorstood tho clauso as ra~ forrlng to fugitivo slavos ¢ or that, wilh such an undorstanding of it, thoy would hnve adoptad {t. 1t is morally corlait that thoy would not. [Blavery nud Antl-Sinvory, p. 221, oto.] Nor enn o, witlions charging tho grentest Uccoption on the part of the Convention that had Just pro~ viounly rofuscd to mnke a provision for reclim- Ing fagltive slaves, bollove thut they Intonded todo the same llflug in n govert nnd fraudulont nauner, Mo suppono thnt Franklin and Hamil- ton, nnd othors of lke Antl-Slnvory professiony conld have nfiixad thivir n!j';nnmrus to Bach a Conatitution, and advoested its adaption is to imponch the slucerity of thoir profossiona. £ wns_not intil le}’cnm aftor tho dralling of tho Conslitution, oud four years aftor it had gono into oporatios, that TIE FAMOUS LAW OF 1708 wns epatted Ly Congress, Its language rescm- Dblon thut of tho constltutiondl provision,—makes no direct mention of slnvos,—yot Is 80 conatrict- od that o Iro-Slavory court might give it that application, Tha first atlompt to oxocato it as sucli wos nb Boston, in 1704, and wasn falluro, Josish Quiney dofonded the fugitive, sud denicd the authoilty of tho lay of Congross, and of the magistruto undar it. While lia waa spenking, n confugion and loud nolse intorenpted him, and tho nlleged slave passed out and escnpod, 'ho slavo-mnyter attomptod a prosecution of Quiney, butt nothing wna dohe nbout ik, For many yonrs aftorwards, ownors of fugitivo slaves seldom, if avor, mado use of {t, or utlompted it. What a contrast to tho scoues of tho fato Autl-Slavery atrugglo! IN THR CRURCHES AND MNIBTLY, Northorn and Sonthern, the moral dolusion was oqually apparont and ‘wonderful, Strong con- domnation of Slavery, through dolay of church- discipline, soon boenme chronio toleranco. The Justiiteation of thisihyolved apologies for preseut ulavelolding, o procodont for futuro apologios ; insuring, st lunuzlx, Biblieal defensos, or equall unohrislinn apathy. More of this in tho sequel, FUNTHER ACTION OF TIHE FEDERAL QOVERNMENT, 1t wns not strange that, during dovelopmonts of mornl delusion liko thoee, the slaveholders should bo makiug rapid strides toward obtuining obeolute control of tho Nauonal Government, which aftorward charvactorlzed thom as constitut- ing tho Blave-Power. This way soon in the doclnration of war against Grent Britnin, in 1812, at tho dictatlon of Joln C. Calloun, ostensibly for uational objects, DLnt roully (aa after- ward avowed) to break down Northern commerco and humble New Englaud,— o policy into which the preifie and timid I'rosi- dont Mudison was reluctantly drivon. Thonce- forwnrd tho pulitieal econoiny of ths cottntry, undor all the fluctuations of pertion and succesk- ivo Administentions, was mainly shaped by Cal- houu, #8 might best nccomiodinte the South and ombarings the North, It was for a National Bavk whon the South wanted to borrow North- ora capital, but against it when it helped North- orn capitalists to collect payment from the Boutl Iternntely declared to” bo constitutional or unconstitutionnl, at convenienco. Ho like- wisa of the High ‘fa1(Ts and the reponl of thont, Calhoun dictnted the Iligh ‘Tariif of 1816, to transfor Northorn capital to manufaotures and increaso the domand for cotton; but, finding the North prospering nnd the South compnra- tively impovorished (under its slave-labor syg- tom), he demanded i 1883 n ropoal of Lis own T'arii?, a8 an oppression no longer to be borne, Seamingly capricious and inconsistent s was ol this, it was truo, stendy, and constunt to the unremitting war of slave-labor ngninst froe Iubor, under the long protracted diotuturship of Calboun. Among tho oorly exercises of slavoholding supromacy in the intercsts and for tee agpran- dizoment of ** tho poenliar institution,” wny its non-infercourse with IHayti, and refusal to ac- knowledge its independence; its invasion of Florida whilo a Spanish Jroviucs, Lo brok up o fort of blacks, suspected of onticiug and pro- tecting fu[iim'p slaves; and, finally, the pur- chbnso “of Iorids, at a national 0n8e of 5,000,000, and & thirent by tho slave-holdors of Uim'{.:lu, that, if not secured by troaty, it should be twkeon by foreel L'his treaty \was mado in 181, undor Prosident Monroe, . Advancos townrd supremacy liko thesa conld not fuil to attract goneral witention, excito alarm, and proparo the minds of roflecting men for u coming sttugglo. Divine Providenco, in tho monntinio, was raising up a pioncor to Auti- Blnvery agitation,—in the person of Benjmmin Lundy, & horoic Quaker, of whoso-1ifo nud la- bors & memoir will bo proventod by enolier hand, —e THE FIRST COLLISION. MISIOURL CONTEST AND COMPROMINE—ITH ADMIS- BION AFTEH A BECOND STRUGQLE—CONKIIRAGY TO ENSLAVE ILLINOIS, During tho Congressionsl scssion of 1819-'20, o proposnl, first presented in Aarch, 1818, for the aduussion of tho Missouri Territory nsn Stato, cumo under discussion. Mr, Tallnadge, of Now York, offcred an smondment for ox- cluding Slavery. A stormy dobate followed, during which time o bill was presented for tho admiesion of the District of Blniuo, formerly o' portion of Massachusotts, ns & scparato State. The Benato, by a majority of two, artfully joined Maiuo with Missourd, to provent the ad- wmission of the former without the ndmission of the latter, The House disagreed, aud tha dobate was remewed mnd protracted, with various motiony for amondwmont, which were defeated. A committce of confor- enco reported & compromise in favor of admitting Missour! with Slavery, but inhibit- ing Slavary in all the Territorien codad by Franco north of the parallel of 86 dog. 80 min. This ro- port was ultimately adopted. “The victory of Slavery was now completo.” It iu gratifylug to notice that many prominent mambers of Congress, including one of the pur- vivors of tho puror days of tho Lepublic, had not partakon of tho goneral declension, The hon- orad namo of Iufus King, who had agaiu cu- tercd the Sonate from Now York, was foromost among these, But it is a sad illustration of the powor of moral compromises and proerastination, in tuues of sttompted reforms, to drag down, 1ot only communities, but groat men, to find the nnmos ot Jefferson, Madison, Monros, aud even Willimmn Pinckuey, of Maryland,—all of whom bad condemued and doplored Bluvery,—uniting noy to fasten tho orimo aud curse upon Missouri, and upon “our country,” upon which, on nc: count of it, thoy had unticipated Divine judyg- monts aud loss of libercy. Ilenry Clay, too, once o declured ndvocate of Bmaucipation, wes, on this oceasion, and ever altorwards, among its most skilltul und detormined opposers., A REMARKADLE FACT, generally ovorlooked, is this: that, even after tho adoption of thus compromisa by Congrass, thero oceurrod another vigorous opposition, at tho uoxt sossion, to the admission of Missourl into the Union under its Coustitution, Lecauso it prohibited tho wottlomont of colored citizous in it, thus contravoning that clauso of the Fed- oral Constitution which deolares that *I'he eiti- zens ot each Btate shull bo entitled to all thoe priviloges aud Immunitios of citizons of tho soy-~ ol States.” Bo dolermined was tho opposi- tion to thin fouturo, tuat, after mueh do- bato, the resolution of udmisslon way re- jeeted in tho Seuute by o majorily of fourteen, much to tho astonishment and in- diguation of tho sleyelolders, who long contest- ed the question. By dint of Northorn persever- nuce, howevor, Cougross, with consont of the Legislaturo of Missonri, aftorwara obtained, sgrecd to expunge the objectionnble feature of its Constitution, and the Siute was admitted. Auother jmportaut and iutorestlug faot, well desorving romembrauce hera to-day, is this: thut, “During this Missourl strugglo, & cone wplraoy way formed TO MAKE ILLINOIS A SLAVE-STATE, Both hor Honators wore nativos of the South, nnd thoy Lnd pertinavionsly opposed tho prol bitiou of Bluvory in Missouri, while Lor Repre- souentive was it8 curnest advocate.” 1| Wilsun's 4 Riso and ¥all,"” part L, prgo 161 avd onward, ] “Thiv Dlssowrt struggle,” says Wilson, “ aroused and callod into nction the vital forcoy of Freodom. . . , Nover beforo. had the Anti-Slavery sontiment of the North beon so quickened and uroused. Topular msotiugs woro lioldou, in which Fedoralists and Democruty cor~ diully unitod. Publio addressoa were made, and potitions and moworials woro sent to Congress. + « o+ 'U'o Loglsiatures of Now York, Now Jorsoy, Pennsylvaula, Dolaware, Olilo, and Indi- ang pussod rotolutions nfileming tho power wnd duty of Cougross to prohibic Slavery fn tho Btatos carved ont of Wostorn ‘Lorritory, , , . 'Lho citizens of Boston wswombled, und [in & wemorinl drawn up by Danloel Webstor| implored Congross to rostrain the increnso of Blavory in tho now Btates to bo admitted into the Union, + o+« Norwns the Bouth less unitod and du- torminod, ~Its londlers wora indeod moro por- sistont and advoit,"” !Wilnou‘ 1., 164.] On tho difToront votos tukah nk turming-polnts of tho controvoruy, and deciding It, the causo of Froodom was snctifleed by tha loss of fow Yol from Northern Sonators or Reprosontne tives from whom bolbor things were uxpected, Somo who, at first, had rasvlutoly spoken aud ovon votod for pronfbition, through’ futimidation at Bouthorn thronts of *dissolviug the Unlon,” or Irom #umo till Lusor motivo, changod fronk aud volod with tha wlayoholdors. 1t was nob long before thoxe wera nade 1o feol tho lnuh of publio kcorn nnd robuko. iven the slavololdors who usod their votes despised them. Tho oceontriv Jobn Rundolph, of Roanoke, iltly ohuractorized thom, On the floor of Congrowss, Lio bouuttully suid, a fow duys afterwards, * We had ns many Northorn voton na wo nooded. Wo conld have had more if we had wantod thom, Ihoy saw THEIR OWN DOV-FACES ‘and woro frightoned.®' 'he torm (o dough- fucea) was theneoforward applied by~ Abolition- irtn to slmiliar chareoters durlng tho following strugglo. z In Ithodo Island, its two Representativos, Eddy and Hazard, who lind thus voled, onooun- tored formidablo opposition, inasmuch’ that tho nnmo of Hnzard -was droppoed from his party tlgkob; Lut tho name of Xddy, the most popular eandidato in tho Btato until then, way rcln{ncd, and a sharp contost ousuod, at public meotings and through the newspapers, '1‘||u rosult wns s olootion by no small & wminjority (less than 100) that he was nover brought beforo tho pooplo for'thelr Buflrages n&{niu. It wou during that dirennsion that tho writer of this atatemont nd- venturad tho prediction, in the Providence Gazelle (oditod by Walter It, Danforth, afterwnrds kuown in tho raiks of * Froo-Soitors ™), that, whonover tho Nouth should have possessed thomsolves of all the region south of thoe stipulated comprom- 1o lino of 90 deg. 80 min. they wodld domnnd sropenl of tho Compromiso, aud attempt to soize tho torvitory morth of it,—n prodiction which ho lived to #es fullilled, But tho high Ymmisu of the spirltof Frecdom, in 1820, suffered A SECOND DEOLENEION, “In tho Missouri straggle,” snys Wilson, Froedom and Slavery giappled for the mastory. Treedom lost, and Blavery won. Yreedom bo- camo timid, hesitnting, vlelding; Slavory bo- cumne Loldor, moro nggressive, more dominnting. Troedom rotreated from one lost position to another; Bluvery ndvanced from conquost to conquest. Bovoral yonra of unresisted despotism of tho Slave power Tollowed the consummation of the Missouri Compromine, 'Tho darle spltit of slavery swayed the pohicy of tho Ropube lic. Bouthern Logislatures repenled the more humano aets of their Bluve-Codes, rovived the utill mora wovoro Inws of Coloninl legislation, nnd euneted statuten still more inhuman, Nore thon States too, woro guilty of ouncting similar statutory euactmonts in tho Iutorest of oppres- sion. ‘I'ho coneclonco of the peopla was Inlled into quict by tho new scheme of Alrican coloni- zatlon. Institutions of learning, bonevolence, and roligion, political organizations, and publis meon, bent in_unrosisting submission to the ull- conquering despotism whoso ogaressive ad- vaucey becnme more resistloss, and its succes~ sivo victories becomo more complete.”” (Vol. I, p. 165-6.) ‘Thin picturo Is not oxngrorated. Tt was high timo to striko dircctly against slavery itsclr, Nothing short of this could have stariled the nation, or conld hinvo met tho exigoucies ot the critis. 8 g IIODERN ABOLITIONTSI, ANTI-SLAVERY AND TRO-SLAVERT FORCE 1ZED AND IN THZ FILLD OF ACTION, The appoarance of *modern Abolitionism,” is it was called, astonished the Church and tho Na- tion, ns though somo portontous comet bad ap- peared in thoe firmament, seatteriug pestllonco and destruction in evory direction, What was [£? In governmont, law, and polity, it was simply n roturn to tho ‘“sell-evident truths” upon which, according to onr Declara- tion of Independence, our CGovornment was founded, with procisely that specific applieation of thoso trutbs to the question of Slavery which ONAAN- the eutbor of that Declaration lad him- gelf recommonded, with forchodings of Divine judgmonls if euch apph- cation ehould not bo mado, In religion, mo nlity, Chitlstian ethies, and Church-responsibil tios, it was simply o recogmtion of the funda- mental truths, principles, aud requiremonts, of our common Christisnity, and with precigely &tich applications of thom - to the question of Slavery as had boen made by Congregationalists, Mothodists, Prosbyierinns, and other eeets, in this country, and by tho Roman lontift long beforo,—ns wo have nlready recordod. Tho dif- forences between '* modern Abolitionism,” and the Chureh and Nation alarmed at its appear- nnce moy measure the moral and politieal dig- tanco traveled downward by the Chutch and tho State during tho intorveniug years. Almost simultancously, liowever, with n re- vived spirit of Liberty and Aunti-Blavery, or jusb preceding it, MEMARKADLE REVIVALS OF RELIQION had boen witnessod in tho non-slavoholding Btates, and almost, 1f not quite, uniformly under tile minisirations of Evungoliats, or pastors, sympatiuzing with the sluves, aud very many of thom theu or afterwardy sclive in Auti-Slavery Iabory, some of them itmorating a3 Anti-Blavery lecturers through the country; insomuch thot, wlion certnin consorvativoceelosinutics folt calles upon to protest against the unwelcoma intrusion of Anti-Slavery lecturers juto their parishes, they instinetivoly included * prenchers” and * ifinorating evaugulists” in tha samo catopory of disturbers, [Seo Goodell's Siavery nud Auti- Slavery, p, 480-1, e Among Abolitioniats of differont rccls and divors viows, it has been a common romarit thas thoso rovivals of roligion were the means of converting themselves and others to * modoru Abolitionism,” becauso, in those revivals, the duty of immediate aud unconditional repentance sud abandoument of sin hud Leen earnestly in- msted on in coutradistinction from the iden of gradual and fragmentury amoudmont, sometimes taught and contided in. - Applying this tesching 1o tho nelf-ovidout sin of elavelolling,—* the bighiest Jind of theft,"—nothivg shots of the oyt radical phase of Alolition conld be the ro- sult of it, All the fustiucls of humanily rud convictions of natural justico wonld powerfully impet candid, conscientious, and roileoting winds in the samo direction, Ou tho wholo, 88 & goneral public movement ngainst slavery in this country, the modern agitu- tion appenrs to Liave taken a . DEEPER HOLD UFON MORAL PRINCIPLE and enlighteued religious sentiment thuu that which Led, ordinarily, preveded it. Hence tho excitomont that Lad sccompunied it ; the iuton- sity of zenl on both sides of the ptruggle, Lho peoplo Tud Toarned, and woro daily learning, more of slavery than'their fathers hid ovor had occnsion or opportunity of learming, Slave- Lolders, accordingly, on” their part, undorstood the difforence, X mere handful of such Aboli- tiomsts alarmed thowm more - than wholo armios of gradual Abolitionists could bnve done. T'heso thoy righitly reckoned upon as allios, From thousands of localities camo tho littlo rivulets that soon swolled ‘the rising stronm of earnost. opposition to Slavery, when once the sumntons was hoard and the flag wns seon, More than seven thousand had not bout the kneo to wlie imago of Banl, ‘The imprisonment of Garrison in Baltimore for his bold denunciation of the domestie sluve- trado; his_liboration by Atthur Tappan, in tho upring of 1830; the commencemont of Liu Liber- alor T Boston, in 18315 the orgunization of tha *Now England Aunti-Slavery Socioty,” thoro, in Teuuuey 1832 the oatlior guponund of tha canse in Willlum Goodell's New York Genius of Tem- perance and in the New York Zaangelist, (fvst by the Rov. Bamuel Griswold, and then Dby the Ney, Jouhun Lonvitt); tho aimrm of the whole South by Nat Turner's_insurrection, in Bouth- lmml)l.an, in 183%; the debates iuihe Legislature of that Stato the next winter, revealing tho d bolieal elnims sud character of sluvery, the con- sefous guilt, and yot the invetorate impenitoney, of tho slnvoioldors; their torribla forebodings, aud yot oir despuiring detormination to bo Slot ulone™ pud mot “tormeuted bofora tho tiwme, "—those wore amoug the stirring incidents of tho times, indieating that thors was to be ng roturn to tho death-like repose of tho pust, 'Thero wns to be an unprecedonted ptrug- kle, the ultimuto issue of whivh, to the eyo of Clrintian faith, in tho light of insplred proplieoy, could not be doubtfal, NLVOLUTIONS NEVER GO DACK\WATD, In tho spring of 1838 Lo New Yore Zmanci- pator was commonced in tho printing roomws of the Geninsof Temperance, on the joint renpons sibility ol its publishers wad Arthur Tappan, by whom the Itov. 0. W. Denison was appointed adi- tor, Dy Mr, Wappin and o few otbors, funds wore ruised, and Autl-Sinvory tracts were seat- tored all over tha country, lircoted to prominont citizons, to morchnuts, and ospecially to clorgy- wen of all denominations, Itesponsos to thosa disclosod, ns was expuoted, two evory opposits viows of tho quostion. Many couverts to tho cuuso wore, lowever, onllsted, and the communi- ty suppliod with lm!xurmnt information , which, awing to many fulse nspersions againgt Avos litlonlsts, woro mucek noodod, "Lhie samo year, Mr. Garrison visitod England, and rocoivoda cordial weleome and_expressions of sympathy und traternity from Wilberforeo, Ularkson, Buxton, and Maeanlny, world-renowned opposors of the' Blave-Tende wud Slavory, Ab homo, the excitemont wus incronsad Dy the dis- gl’l\cuml proseoution und imprikonmont of Miss ‘rudonce Crandall, av Cantorbury, Conn, for teaching n sohool for calored girly, uuder o lnw enuctod for Lhat upcolal parposo through the - {luenvo of lowling frionds of tho Colonization Booluty, A Now York Oty Auntl-Stavory Bovioty wug farmod in Ohatham Stroet Ohnpol, Oct. G, by on fuformsl changoof placo from Clinton Hnl', to ganfzation hoon complotad, hofora the Chapol was entorad by n moly fssuing from o Tammany Hall mcobing (ealled by n public notlco signod * Many Hontherners ") bldding *&10,000 for Arthur Tape pan," who, with all tho others, novortholesy, en- capold. A Colonization mooting wan soon aftor ealled and hiold I Masonlo Hall, tho Mayor pro- siding, nt which prominent citlzons. denonucod tho Abolillonisty ns ** rocltloss incondiaries,” but utterod no roproofs or cations pfinhm the mur- derous violonco nud threats with which thoy woro asenilod, Thus was commonced n #orios of similar Colonization mootings, provacativo of mob violanco ngaitist Aholitionists, which woro systomntically continued for many yenrs, allover tho country, B Tursuans to mutiunlconanltations nnd provions publie *uotico, a Natlonal Anti-Sluvory Conven- tion was held in Philadelphin Lee, 4, G, and G, consisting of upwaids of elxty members from - ton Btates,—nt which . T AMERIOAN ANTI-SLAYERY BOCIETY was organized, a8 had boen’contcmplated, It way propided ovet by Lhe oy, Lerinh Groon, Presidont of Onoida Institute, Now York, A deolaration of soutiments, objects, urd s poses, dratwn up by Mr, Garrison, and carvofully rovised, flrst in tho committoo charged with thut buniness, hun afterswnrds in opon convention, was unenimously adopted, and sigued by each member, It was a document of groat ability and power, and Inid the foundation of tho euter- prine on tho basis of over-enduring truth. A corresponding constitution was lkowiso adoptod, and ofticors chagen: Arthur Tappan, Troydont; Ilivue Wiight, (Jr., Becrolary of Domostio * Cotrespondence; Willinm Lloyd Qarrigon, Beerotary of *_ Forofgn Corro- spondence; Dr. Abrahem L. Cox, Rtecording Sceretary; Willihm Greon, Jr., Troasuror. 'ho Jixecutlvo Comnitteo boing located in Now Yorlk Uity, tho sent of ite oporutions wus, of courso, thoro, Tho Emancipalor bocame its organ, and Willinm Goodoll, ono of the Lxecutlve Commit- too (baving retired from tho Geniusof Tempers anco), beeamo ity editor, until leaving the city in imprired_benlth, in Mny, 1896, Mr, Garrison continued his Liberalor, in Boston, with iudom-~ itable enersy and well-nigh rosistless power. Tlostilo_orilician of bis - uttorauces, from tho mont practicod pens, was as stubble before tha {lames, coming in contnet only to be consumed. “Tho weakness of Pro-Slavery Conservatism waa ;Lu;n ]uppurl.unely uxposed boforo tire oyes of tho poople. VIOLENCE, NOT ANGUMENT. was the trusted weapou of Lo e flame the pausions of the populace; to ronso nud sot in motion the recklews fury of tho Tuwe less by tho grosscst misroprosontutions, most unfounded accusntions, by irritating ap- poals to the vulgar projudico ngatuet tho colored pooplo and thoir frivnds,—~this was tho vocation of popular orators, clorical and political s and peristed in und ropeated in proportion to the discovery of thelr succoss in oxciting rioty ogeiust tho objeets of their hatred, whtto and colorad. The public press, with lionorablo exe coptious, ansisted in the samo work, and here alded the most riotons outrages ns domonntrne tions of public eentimeont agzinst * the fanatical Abolitionitts,"—often boasting, too truthfully, ihet tho nssaults wore personally lod on, or were committed by ¢ gnm‘cman of property and. utending;” with nssurances to *our bretvon of tho South,” that **the North issound to tho core on the subject of Blavery,” Tho Lynch law of the Slaveholding South’was thus transpluntod in the woil of tho onca law-abiding and fren North. And, most propostorously, tfia blamo of this disgracerul deterioratiou of Notthern Sociot: and chvilization was attompted to be fastonod, not_upon the instigators, standing, by position, in tho Liigh places of the Chureh and tho Stato, But upou tho heads of its helpleas, sufering, mn innocont victums., Lach uuccccdlng instuice of outrages thus inktigated waw chroniclud as ANOTHEI ALOLITION ton | frosh ovidenco of the demornlizing and destruce tive character of *‘modorn Abolitionism ! With rare oxceptions did Abolitionists ene conuter any wrgunicntative opposition desorving uerious notieo, or meot with anything like & willingness to ounter upon a candid investigution of the subject, or o comparison of views, or considoration of proposed measures ® for the sete tloment of the Sluvery quention. Tho ideaof a gredual emancipation, turough the_operalion of tho Colonization Bociety or otherwise, very early drifted down-sttentn into compurative forgotfnl- ness, Indeed, from the vory bopinutug, tha provailing elamor of londing oeclosiastios’ and politiciung wos for the dismissul of the question, et it should * disturb the peaca of the churches ” and endangor our political ro- Iatlonw, or diminish _our pecuniary pross pouty. o “put down tie discussion,” o ‘‘silenco the agltution,”s, wns the prmary object, oftou avoved with undisguiso:d frankness; in other words, the demand was to let Slevery and tho Slave-Lower slons, to Lo what, bitherto, thay hud boen; Lo do s they hiad bean doing ; to do herenfior ywhutever they miglt find oceasion or cliooss to do. ‘'ho organized force of Anti-Sluvery, in oppos sitioun to these, fouud itwelf confronted by o ‘Yro-Slevery forco, TIE COLONIZATION SOOIRTY, already o1ganizad, in anticipation of the coming dauger, %eventean yoas Dbeforchand, and Pledgot to visit with itu censuras, when needed, the existonce of Abolition Societies in Awe: (Jaz's Works, p. 112; Slavory and Anti-Slav D {073 Elevouth Aunual Report American Cols onizatlon Society, p. 14),—n plodgo which, for & mueh longer potlud, oven until tho culminntion of its cousnres in tho Pro-Slavory Rebollion, it industriously redoomed. et OUTLINES AND INCIDENT3 OF THDR GREAT STRUGGLE. MOBAL, TOLITICAL, AND KCOLESIASTIOAL, Those only who are sufticiontly acquainted with tho orlgin and character of thoe Siave Lrade and Blavery, the carly testimonias ngainst thom, tho old Abolition Sacioties, the subsequont de- cling of the epirit of Liborty and growth of (ho Blaye-Pavwer, tho rise and epirit of modern Abo- Jitlonism ond it organism, 08 opposed to tho sptrit and aims of thoe Colonization Bociely, may bo ablo to forn some just conceptions of the Anti-Slavery strugglo that followed. Tt bero o flold of inquiiy opens, too wide and too diversitjed fo admit, on this occasion, of nny adequate history in consceutivo detail. Wo can only singlo out a fow charactoristic features of that struggle, grouping thom togethor in such a manner as to dieclose, in somo dogree, the con- uoction botwaen morzl causo and olfoct. Enly in 1838, a Now England religious journal the Vermont Chronicle, devotod to tho Colouie zatlon Socioty, gave clrculation to the slander that Garrison bad sald that Washington was o man-stcalor and robber, and WAS NOW IN nury! [The sole foundation for tkis slander wasn communication in the ZLiberalor from the lov, Goorge Bourno, & Dresbylerian minister in Now fi'ork formerly residing in Vitginia, in whiob, without any mention of Washiugton ho charnoe tovized Slavery o3 man-stenling and robbory,— the samo tornis upplied to it by Groting Edwards, und the Presbylerinn Ganoral Assombly of 1794], Political editors repoated the slander, eont it South, echoed it buek, whero the mob yolled it over the burning furnlture of Lewis'Cappan, nud thon rushed to tho work of sssaulting the col- oved pooplo nnd smashivg the windows of thei housoey u% wonship, 'Iho oditor of tho Perhnont Chronicle, the ey, Joscph Tracy, was afters wavds transforred, in sucecsvion, first to tla Boston Kecorder, uoxt ta the Now York Obsarecery cseupa threatened violonce, Bosrovly had thoor- s wns probably ls_exprossion, allnding to tho thmid fomalo deor, tiut, stoopiiug {0 deink, tarts buk atits own face in the water, Bulit eamo to bo e durstuod * dough-fuce,” and appled to }mlllh'lulls catily moldod Luto any slapo that suity thely oniploy- org, tho two oldost rolizious journuls, to ndsist m writing down tho Anti-3invery Socioty, and writing up the Colonizalion Boelety, Ltv nover robracted, but defendod, the shndor, | In like mannor, whon it was deemed nceess sary to supplemont Tvneh law with slututo law, tho Literary and Theologieal Jevicw, of New York, edited by Loonard Woods, Jr., sou of I'rof. Woody, D. D., of Audovor, atterwnrds I'ro« fersor, or ~Prosident, of Bowdoin College, | Muluno, in Decombor, 1895, elaborately maiutained thot the ladicals Ym‘:mil r 1he Alo« litlonlsts) woro © justly luble to the highesk civil pennitios nud ccelosinstical cousures,” Tho 1Hon, Willinm Sallivan, LL, 1., au ominent law= f'ol‘ of Boston, and nuthor of v Btundurd Po- itieal Class-3ook,"” ivsued & pamphlet in whicl Do snid s * Ic iu to. bo hoped and expectod that Mansuchusotts will ennot laws duolardng tho printing, publishing, and elrenlating papers sud pawphiets ou Slavery and Abolition, to b YOI, INDICTAILE OFFENBLY, and provide for the punishmont thorcof in such manuor ay will wmore eloclually provent such offonsod.” g All this wan Just provious to tho domands of Southorn Governors und Leginlaturos ou tifoso of the North to tho eamo oftcet, uud way doubtless encouragod, it not inclted, by thoin, From South Carolinn, Norlh Carolina, Alne bam, Georgla, and Vieginia, thord eatno tieso ofticial aud explicit domunds, Without waitlug for Northorn leglulation, Gov. Qayle, of Ala- Lamm, domanded of Gav. Maroy, of Now Yorlk, that il, G, Willinus, Tublishivg Agont of {hd Amorlean Auti-Bluyory Bovioty, should ba doliv- ored up to bo tried Ly tha liws of Alabamn, And tov, Lumpkin and the Logislaturo of Goorgln offerod £6,000 to any ono who would ar- rest uud briug to trisl, undorthe luws of that Btito, the aiitor of the Liberator, ‘Whiou the Southorn demunils vame before tho Northorn Lofmlutumn, Prowpt ation was takon in the dircotion of compliango with thom, In Tobruary, 1630, 8 committao of the Rthade lsland (Moo Lighel Pagon