Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 17, 1874, Page 8

4 At e s * cago THE CHICAGO DALY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MAY 17, 1874 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE TERMS OF BUBSCRIPTION (PAYABLE IN ADYANCE), ¢y by o 2.50 R—.'-f’&'«{u.'.n 5530 Parts of a year at the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakos, bo sare s0d give Post ° ©Of:.coaddress in fall, including State and Coanty. Remittances may be made either by draft, oxpross, Post ‘Office order, or in registered letters, at oar risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. « Dadly, delivered, Sunday excepted. 25 cents per woek. Dally, delivered, Sunday {ncluded. 30 cents per woek. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearbora-sta.. Chiosgo, il TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted stroet, between N 1808 80d. Stoproe. Engagument of Josoph Murp **Maum Cro." MVICKER'S THEATRE—Madison street, hotween Dearborn and Stato, Engagoment of Maggio Mitchell. “Little Barcfoot.” ADELPHI THEATRE—Corner of Wabesh 2ia Cougroun street, - Varicly porformence. Thy poaresn barlesqus of ** Bad Dicker." arenue 0 Shak. THEATRE—Nos, 21822 WWest Madison et Aoty pordormasen. Siiie: Foataiableas, Looa Brothers, eto. A DING—Lakeshore, faot of Adama Oy ShasReus " Abtarioon and wreniog: EXP strodt. MUSIO HALL-Clark strset, between R nand Take. Ballock's Royal Miriondttoe. oL terncon and evuning. \CORMICK MUSIC HALL_North Clark street, BT ke v MR ettt SOCIETY MEETINGS. T.-Stated CHICAGO COMMANDERY, Xo.15, K. oonclave Sionday eventng, My’ 18, at 180 g'clock, for ftined and el o e "R F Oraer, Vittiog sie 2 order . Gom, Halghus coartoously el PONCLLIR, ieaaraer: YETT! PTER, No. 2 R. A M._Hal Mo A acadion foaay Svoniag: May 18, at 8 o'clock, for work on tho R. A. Degree. Vieltors ecrdially iavited. By ordor of the . TUCKER, Seo'y. ENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION,— O e Eovt i Garedonis Hal, 167 s it ety e 2k P e e ek Tor. {he_celebration of Her and to jesty'e erof Prosident. Majests's Blsthdar. By oy of Ui TG G, Boo. METAL WORKERS' PROTECTIVE AT BT OLENT SOCTOIY Sl heid s meceting Baturday ovening, May 23, i Military Hall, 237 Fast Ran. . Al tinmers anc it e e e T X Breaione The Chvags Tribune, Bunday Morning. May 17, 1874. b= = THE COURT-EOUSE JOB. The contractors and the jobbers who are so anxious to have the clty begin the construotion of the Court-House and City-Hall havefound an organin the Chicago Times. That paper in- sists upon having the Court-House and City-Hall commenced at once, claiming that the appear- ance of the oity demands it, and that the genoral architecture of Chicago is rendered shabby by the want of the centre-piece. . Weare certain that outside those who want contracts, and who have plans and materials to sell, there i5 .not & man in Chi- who wants the city or connty to touck the work of building that Court-House for at least five yeats focome. It willnot be out of place to recall a few items of the cash ex- penditures of the people of Chicago during the Inst three years. Before stating these, howevar, lat us dispose of the noneense, which is forever throst forward, that only ope-balf tho cost of the now building will be borne by the city, the other half falling upon the county. The “coun- ty” is madeup of the city, and six-sevenths of the taxes of the county are collectod within tio city. The portion falling to the sharo of the towns outside is also largely borno by residents who do business and own property in the city, and the share of tax paid by others is comparatively 80 emall that it may be loft out of the calenlution sltogether. The present city bonded debi is sbout 13,500,000, to which must be sdded £3,000,000 of floating debt. Of the bonded debt the city will have to pay $140,000 on the 1st of July, and the whote of the flonting debt within the year. The county debt in round numbers is about §5,000,000. All this debt bears an average interest of 7 per cent, and the annual charge therefor is 81,500,000. Tomest this intetest and the current expenditures we kave to pay on the tax-levy of 1873: * r Forcity .. For Btate and county purposes. g Do far taxes of %72 and prior years., 350,000 Total taxes. ......... 48,267,314 Of this sum about one-fourth has been paid, and the remainder will have to be paid before the 1s¢ of August. For seversl years to come tho tax-levy will not average less than thia sum annuslly. This doea not include the taxesin the form 6f licenscs, nor the special assessments, amounting perhaps to 81,000,000 more, Follow- ing the fire there was a change of strest-grade, involving the repaving of & great many streeta: the cost of this work has to be met by the prop- erty-owners. Daring the three yoars foilowing the fire and “ending October, 1874, the expenditure by tho .OFners of private property to rebuild the city will resch, at the lowest figure, $05,000,000, and may equal 75,000,000, The receipts from insurance companies will not cover the losses by fire, other than on buildings, of these persons. So thatthe owners of taxa- ble property in the City of Chicago will have ex- ‘pended during the three sears following the fire, for New bufldings, 1672, 1673, and 1874 Dity, State, and county {3xes, sam pecial taze....... 5,617,314 300,000 We think the community thet has borne this sxpenditure can fairly demand that the local governments forbear any public oxpenditare ‘which can be dispensed with until the property- ownars have had time to recover to some extent from this extreordinary ontlay. Thers is some talk of 1estricting the cost of the Court-House to $8,000,000; but this is sll buncombe. That building, completad and furnished, will not cost lesa than £5,000,000. To build it will ro- quire one million of dollars to be raised by taxa- tion esch year. This sum, therefore, will bo 24ded to the annual levics, and coliected sub- stantially from the property within tho city, I this wers the only incresso of locsl taxes, it might be borne; but the expenditures of the aity are largely on the increase. Tho polioe force, Fire-Department, School-Depsrtment, and pub- Uo tmprovements, a3 woll as the cost of lighting the aity, are regularly on tho increass; each year's expenditure is always grester than the preceding. To show the growth of city taxes we give the following talle, covering the period of thirty-fie years : - §,252,951 S The municipal tax of 1878 is five times ns for special assessments. Once fairly started, municipal exponditures nevor decresse, but al- ways increase. The tax of 1871 in the nbove tablo owes its diminished proportions to the fact that after the fire the lovy was reduced 50 per cent. In 1872 the city had some of the cenal redemption fund on hand, but, in 1873,the aroro- priations exceeded $£6,000,000. To cover this expenditure the assossed value of taxable prop- erty in tho city has been advanced from 285,000,000, in 1866, to €312,000,000 in 1873. The expenditures by the comnty govern- ment have also incrossed in proportion. The regular and ordinary incroase of expenditure by both these goverpments, added to the presont ‘taxes, ought ta be considered quite enough from a community that has paid for the improvement of private property, and for taxos, $100,000,000 within the throo years since the fire. Under these circumstances, to raise an extra 81,000,000 each year for five yoars to build a City-Hell and Court-House, which we can do without, is 8 wanton exerciso of tho taxing power. Agamst it tho whole community pro- test; and itisto be hoped there is sufficient virtue and suflicient nerve in the Council to pre- vent the consummation of such an outrago. THE MILL RIVER DISASTER. Mill River, & tributary entoring the Connecti- cut River ot Northampton, Mass,, and the route of yesterday's disnstrons flood, is 5 small but rapid stream having its rise in Goshen, abont twenty miles distant, sud following a sharply- dofined courso through tho hill country until it Teaches the level of the Northampton meadows. Its coureo lies wholly within the territory of the Towns of Northampton, Williamsburg, and Go- shen; and tho valusble water power it affords has built up the important manufscturing vil- 1ag® of Florence and Leeds in Northampton, andof Haydenville and Skinnerville in Willizms- burg. In the centre village of Willismsburg the stream is made to operato some small establish- meats; and in the centre of Northampton *fall of water” cnongh remains for some trifling lo- caluse. As is customary throughont New Eng- 1and, aud as is notably known of the Lowell aystem of water supply, the resources of this petty stream have been husbunded and used to the ufmost degree. Lxtonsive reservoirs, or artificial ponds, bold the spring surplus sgainst . the time of mid-summer need ; and oue of these reservoirs near tho headwaters of Mill River, breaking its bounds, has sent desolation and death through all the prosporous valloy. It is now many years since the writer lived in Norihampton and was familiar with the localities wherein this terrible sceno is Jaid. At that day, more than twenty years ago, the village of Flor- ence, about two miles distant from Northamp- ton’s town-hall, was the seat of silk-thread man- ufactare, and 80 took its name that its product might be called ** Florence silie.”. Leeds Villago, sbout two miles farther up strenm, was the homo of the Musgraves, prosperous manufsc- turers of woolen goods, after the style of Tecds, in old England, wheuce tho Musgraves had come. At another distanco of sbout two miles is Haydenville, taking its name from the Hon. Joe! Hayden, the founder of ite Industrics, at that day most conspicuous in the manufacsare of gold pens. The Village of Skinnerville is of more recent growth, and di- vides the distance between Haydenville and Willismsburg, being about two miles from cither. In process of time each of these manufscturing villages hes sssumed larger importance, and Florence, which took s name for the sake of its silk threrd, has, in turn, given ita name to a well-known sewing machine made thero; while Lecds and Haydenville have each introduced new industries, and Mill River has boen mado to do duty at every available stop onits way. But however great hasbeen the ma- torial change, the topographical situation can havo undergone no change. The river runs for miles through a deep cut botween lines of hills— a valley hardly wider, at any place, than its own required course. Tho mill-sites wero in cuttings of the side-hills; the homes of the operatives were located within the narrow limits of the vailey, or on the hill-sides, wherover a site could be found or made; the traveled highway ran along tho hill-sides, crossing and recrossing the stream to find the most available path, and was, at best, o Cifficult and expensive road to maintain. Along sucha confined courso a great volume of water, suddenly started on its work of destruction, would sve no other alternative butto destroy everything within reach, Sum- ‘mer visitors to Northampton and Mt. Holyoke will recall this stream, which winds to the south- west of Round Hill, and enters upon the slug- gish end of its career. — e DE HERETICO COMBURENDD, The argument of Prof. Swing, delivered before the Presbytery on Friday, so full of humenity, kindness, true religion, and keen, incisivo logic, Lins shivered Prof. Patton’s argument into frag- ments. In one Jgtle hour ko has undane tho three dass’ work of the prosecator. Even in his favorite department of theology tho prosecator has been convicted of most glaring inconsisten- cies. Thero is, hovever, aray of hops for the prosecutor yet. If ho losos his case in the Presbytery, bo can take it to the Synod; if ho ehould fail zo convict Prof. Bwing in the Synod, ho can take lim up to the General Assembly, and he may possibly procure n conviction there. Should such & result ensue then there is no resson why the prosecutor should not st once erect his stake, heap up the kindling-wood, and bumn the Professor. Tho right to burn hers- ties, though fallen into disrepute, is part and parcsl of the common law. The most Reverend Judge Anthony Fitz-Herbort, in his standard work, entitled - Tho Now Natura Urevium, corrected and revised, wherenuto are added the authorities in law, and some other cages and notes collected by the transiator out of the Year-Books and Abridg- ments,” says concerning the writ * Da Heretico Comburendo”: Now, it cppeareth by Britton, In his Book, that those persons ehall be burat who felonicnely burn others’ corn or others houses; and also those who aro sor- ceress or sorceresces; and Sodomites and heretics £all be burnt ; and 1t sppeareth by that book, Lib, 3, Cap. 17, that such was the common law, But note, that the person who shall be burnt for heresy ought t0 bo first convicted thoreof by tho Bishop who ia his diocessn where Le dwelleth, and abjured thercof, and afterwards, if e relspse into that hertsy, or amy other, and thereof be condemned in the seid diocess, then bo shall besznt from the clergy to tho sscular power, to do with Lifm a8 f¢ ahall please tae King,, etc,, and then, it eemeth, the King, f ho will, may pardon him the same. Then follows the toxt of the writ. The stat- utes of Henry IV. changod the writ somewhat, 80 thatit provided: “That every Bishop in his dioceso may convicts man of Heresy, and sbjure him, etc., sod afterwarda convict him onew theraof, and condemn bim, snd wam the Sheriff or other officer to apprehend him and burn him, etc,, and thst the Sheri or other grest as that of 1864, and it is within ten years that the city lavy began to excesd one million of @otlars » year, This does not inalude the taxes officer onght to do the eamo by the precept of the Bishop and withous oy writ from the King todo thesame. Andihas istbscause (ss it ! seemeth) thst the writ is ‘not put in the mew Registors because that writ ought not at this dsy to be suod forth, but is, s it wore, void by reagon of the said act. A statute made in the time of Henry VIH. repealed that of Henry IV. and enseted * That ho who is sbjared for Heresie, and afterward falleth into relapse and is convicted thereof befors the Ordi- nary, that yet tho Ordinary onmght not for to commit him to the lay power to be burnt, withontZthe King's writ first obtnined for to burn him, as appeareth by the said Statute of 25 H8, Cap. 140, more at large.” This statuto bas nover been repoaled. Itis s part and parcel of the common law, snd nothing, thereforo, stands in the way of Prof. Patton. He may have some difficulty in arranging little details, but his warrant to go ahead and burn is tn the common law, and & man of bis large theological learning and rare rescarch among the folios of the fathers can undoubtodly find sdditional waz- rant in the ecclesiastical law which will make the statute precisely applicablo to the caso in hand, and the publicmay waive its littlo prejudicos, Smithfield and Geneva 1n their palm- iest days would bo put in tho shade by the havos Prof. Patton might make. Tho Great Fire of 1871 would hardly rival the fire of herosy. Prof. Swing, Prof. Swazey, Dr. Patterson, Dr. Noyos, Dr. Walker, Dr. McKaig, and & host of other profossors and doctors, and nearly all the laymen of the Presbyterian Church of Chicago, would make a goodly procession, snd would keop the Professor, and such theological incen- duries 8s ho could got to assist him, busy for a month. But there is en after- thought to all this. When the Iast heretic has been burned snd the Profcssor has becn com- pelled to pause in his work for want of more fuel, will ho not find, as he looks ubout him, that ho has burned up pretty mach the whole Presbyterian Church heresbout ? THEOLOGICAL ORATORY. Prof. Patton’s stylo of oratory is s noteworthy illustration of the well-lmown fact that the de- livery of o speaker is in koeping with his senti- menis. The learned prosecutor’s delivery is the natural costume of his doctrines. While his smile is doubtless the beat that can be done in that line by one of his cheerless creod, his ges- tures aro those of man who 1s forcing upon the sttention what 18 abhorront to reason and ro- pulsive to good sense. They indicate that he is making & fist of it. The hand thst does not hold the book shows its kouckles to the best (or worst) advantage. Five of theso knuckles protrude with all their omaciated angu- lsrity, thus sppropristely setting forth the five points of Calvinism, which are now intrusted to the ehampionship of this valiant young divine. His right fist goes round about with an energy and velocity which indicate how much more successful the owner of that arm wouid have been as » pugilist thansho can ever hope to becomo a8 & preacher of the mack and lowly Jesus, who, by the way, was frequently ar- raigned for what the Pattonistic Jews regarded 88 *“‘equivocal language in respect to funda~ mental doctrines” of the Jewish Church, and was finally crucified, not so much be- causo of what Ho tought, s because Ho did not teach what the ecclesiastical sutborities wanted Him to teach. In fact, tho gesticulation of the sacred orator quite comports with the position and prerogatives of one who belioves that he is ‘‘called” to throw the bolts of the Almighty, and ‘“deal damnation round theland on whom” Lo (Patton) judges His (God's) foe. He also whacks his littlo note- book, often extingnishing & sword or tho lntter half of a semtence by the “apostolic blow.” Sometimes ho becomes 8o animated that he Jucks. This may come of a feeling of rosentment toward the thick boeses of the Presbytery’s buckler. In short, whilo uttering the sentiments of what Le calls his heart, the sacred orator reminds one of nothing so much 28 &n infant torner during the first night on duty. Perhaps, as ho grows older, he may sleep sounder, and the time may come when he will be as dificult to alarm as his more experienced companions on watch, who have learned to be as economical of their bark a8 they are fenacious of their pesco of mind. But now he is youthful and scary, fancies every footstap to ba that of & robber who has desigos upon the faith once delivered to him for enfe- keeping, aud confounds tho Psalms of David at the Fourth Church with the blowing of the horn that is to demolish tho walls of tho Pres- byterian Jericho. It is this fussy alertness which gives him the sound of & logician to the earsof the unedueatod. He kuows the five points, and all the zest of the poizts, of the Wostminster, Confession as lad knows his multiplication-table, snd ho can recita them with all the glibness and devoutness with which the good Catholic counts her beads. This 1 the result of memory and industry, not of genfus or astuteness, Ho may think be isa trip- bammer, but he is only o tack-hammer. The real trip-hammer is the man who answered and demolished him on Fridsy. If tho render will, ot his noxt opportunity, compare thoe tone of Prof. Patton with that of Prof. Swing in uttering the word God, ho will feel the force of our remarks, as well as dis- cover = tost by which to designate » preacher's school of theology. Who would expect to hear Williem Eddery Channing preach in the elocution of‘John Calvin, or our young brother Patton “declare tho whole counsel of God” in tho ‘winning intonations of the lato voteran Prasbyte- rian orator, Dr. Guthria? And if this questionof elocution is one of temperament, ana spiritual fabric, and intellectual formation, how can o men believe with the belief of anothor man any mora than ho can utter s belief with snother mau's cadences snd sccont 2 v ‘We wouldghave no objection, however, to try- ing the effect upon Prof. Patton's delivery of Prof. Swing's diction. It is certainly o very notoworthy fact that the oaly timo when, in either phraseology or elocution, the proseca- tor sounds like & Christisn is when he roads extracts from the sermons of the accused to prove that they are unchristian! Then, and then only, is there any break in the acridity of his rhetoric, or aoy interruption in tho tack~ bammor tone of bis voice. The languogo so foreign to his lips’ soems to act npon them like the spell of s benignant wizard. The spirit of the heretic-bprner appears for the moment to be oxorciced. The pugilistic gestures subside, the sz relaxes, the inflections lozo their snarl. The new spirit is contagions. The sadience shares init. Even tho “extreme loft" catches it; and both speaker and hearer suddenly succumb to the Christianizing induenco of the heretical seniiment. o Wo sro told that one of the ovidences of Chris- tianity is its influence upon the manners. Wast are we to gay, then, to the sermons of David Bwing, if his and their aaversary iz 50 sweetansd snd softensd by the mere roading of ther aloud —and the adversary doing the resding himsolf! What could more conclusively prove that the ac- cused s right in his mode of presenting truth than that it should produce so salutary an effect upon the mind of the man who has spent go meny hours in trying to prove that its effect is baneful and pernicions 2 PATTON ON EEATHEN. Prot. Patton, in his summing up of tho evi- donco against Prof. Swing, has defined himeelt in the mattar of justification,— position which wes neceseitated by Prof. Swing's charitable commiseration for the heathen and his kindly benofit of a doubt whether Penelopo and Soc- rates and John Stuart Alill have been consigned to eternsl damnation becaase their ideas were nov gquared by the Westminster Confession. of Faith, » document of which the two former were quite ignoraut as woll as of the Holy Scriptures. Suys Prof. Patton,. in substance: “If tho Beathen ean be saved by their good works, and if their morality can bring them into the King- dom of God, what do the missionary socioties mean? Why is it necessary togo to India to carry Christianity to the Buddhists? Why did the Apostlo Paul feel himself called upon to go and preach to tho cultivated people of Athens?” This style of reasoning may bo set down asa Pattonism,—a dovelopment of one of his own thoories,—and most people would bo disposed to let him answer his cunningly-contrived ques- tions himself. Fortunately, Lowever, tho an- swers are ready at hand. Christ Nimself has indicated that thero is a possibility others be- sides his immediate followors may be saved. * Othier shecp I have which are not of this fold.” Panl, who was & vary zealons theologian, and whose suthority stands much higher than Prof. Patton's, defines himself very clearly on this point: “When the Gentiles who have not the low do by nature the things con- tained fn the law, those baving not the law are s lsw ‘unto themselves, and tho doers of the law ehall bo fustificd.” This is exaetly thoposition which Prof. Swing takes. Ho has followed Paul's theology, aud, if this does not equare with Prof. Patton's theology, so much the worse for Prof. Patton. Paul's doc- trines havo boon Jmown and resd of men for nearly two thoasand years, and Lave never been impeached ; and it is hardly likely that Prof. Patton will undertake it at this lato day. This doctrino of Paul’s not only applics to the point in issue, but it conveys some very important suggestions relative to the questions which Prof. Patton propounds, and which he intended a8 intorrogatorics which would bring (he fallacies aud absurdities of Prof. Swing's teaclings into the cloarest possible light. We do not presume to declare what effect they may bavoupon tlie Presbstery, but the great public outside of the jury will form an opinion something liko this: There is a possibility that tho beathen whose works are good and whoso lives aro exemplary may be saved. When, there- fore, missionary effort is directod to the propa- gation of & cortain faith, and justification by that faith alone, it is possible that missionary effort is wrong, because, by preaching the Gospol to the heathen, an opportunity is cortainly given them to reject it, and, after having been made scquainted with the doctrine, then, if they reject ‘it, however exemplary or good they may be, according to Prof. Patton's theology they aro damned; whereas, if the mis- sionaries, had kept' sway from them, there was o prospect they might have been saved by beig *doers of the law.” Looking ot the mat- ter from Frof. Swing's and Paul's standpoint, thero s a possibifity that missionary effort may bo uunocessary 80 far as justification is con- cerned. Looking &t it from Prof. Patton's standpoint, thore is & verystrong possibility that missiovary effort based upon justification by faith olone may be wrong. It being tho caso, according to the authority of Paul, which Prof. Patton will »ot "question, that the beathen, who know not the law but do by nature the things contained in the law, will be justificd, ho is certainly warranted in scking why missionsries are sent to tho heathen. Itis & verynatural question. And the question also js vory natural—If man is jis- titied by faith alone, why may not & very bud man bave faith, and why mey pot such a spstem of theology be maintained quite irrespective of morality st all? The prosccutor has not only arraigned Prof. Swing, but ho hua also arraigned tho Apostlo Paul. As Prof. Swing says in his admirable argnment before the Presbytery, the Scripture was anuounced before the Confession of Faith was formulated, and the only avenue of escape for the faithful is to insert marginal references in future editions of the Biblo direct~ ing attontion to Prof. Patton's explanations. — OUR JUSTICES' COURTS. Probably in no Stato in the Union is justice administered in the higher courts with more im- partiality, or in the lower courts with loss, than in Tlinois. Our Justices of tho Peace now hava Jurisdiction of noarly all classes of civil actions in whick tho sum claimed, or value involved, does not exceod 200 They bave power enough to be formidable to the working classos and the umall capitelists. They ought to be, if not fair Iawyors, at loast not mere ** venders of favorablo judgments” toall who choose to bring grist to their mill. Afony of them would be fair Jus- tices under any other system than that ingen- icus series of contrivances for corrupting tho administration of justice in small causes which our Legislature has fastened upon théem. But 20 long as this system exists, it is safe to say that a proper self-respect makes it the truo eourse of ono or the other litigant in every cause brought beforo & Justice’s Court in Ghicago to allow judgment to go against him withont con- test, arpeel to the Circuit Court, nd there try Lis cause for the firat time, Our Justico is, of course, paid by his fees. His inducement to hold his offics is the money ho can make out of it, as it has long since been recognizéd that the office involves no honor, and is an effectual bar to advancement in politics or inlaw. Tho amount of his foes depends on the number of suitors he draws to his court, and his Tetention of the business of any suitor depends on the fidality with which he scrves that snitor, Merchants and Iawyers gelect their Justices, ag thoy select their grocera and butchers, because they sarve them well, rendering the surest and 1argest returns for the least money. The Jus- tices themselves, wnatead of scebtering through- out the city from preference to avoid competi- tion and socure the business of cartain dustricts, huddls together around central squares and bid sgainst esch otherfor plaintiffs, It often bappens that the Chicago Justice administers to defend- ants the formal oath setting forih that he will not try their cause fairly, and, without s blush, sends the guit for trial to thio nearest Justice. Every such oath would be an insult if the courts were 80 conatituted that impartiality were the rule. Hare, bowever, it is a matter of course. In mast cased the Justios kucwa thet the atidaris is true, the only excaptions being where the de- fendant swears that tho plaintifi’s Justice will not try the cause impartially, in order to take it before his own Justice, before whom he knows he will have a4 great an advantage as the plain- tiff would have had before the other. - The cure for these evils lies not in the selection of the Justices. We, cannot well hopo to get better ones under tho present system. It lies in districting tho city, in assigning s ingle Justico to cach district, in allowing the suit to be brought in any district in which either the plaintiff or the defendant may roside, or perhaps, in eome cases, in the district adjoining, and in thus cutting off the disgraceful scramble for business and fees which now converts onr petty conrts into mere stalls for veuding corrupt judgments. ‘The proper administration of justice in minor cases has probably more to do with proserving the poace of society than the influence of the highr courts. commit crime, and who sre forced into the courts by persecntion. They resort to the courts for protection in the degree that they have confidenco. When they lack confidence in the courts they resort to their own phyaical force,—. o., to 1awlegsness and¥crime. Lawless- nees in the petty courts begets Iawlessness among the people. The frequency with which the criminal powers of the courts of Justices of the Peaco are used by private litigants as o means of promoting their personal onds, or frightening timid adver- saries into a compliance with doubtful, and often uolawful, demands, is another grave conse~ quenco of the present competition between Justicos' courts for business, At present such attempts generally meet with an early check in the Grand-Jury room and at the hands of the Stato’s Attorney. They would far more effectn~ slly dissppoar, howover, if the system under which our Justices act were 8o reformed 28 to remove the evils of competition between them. THE MACHINERY OF RELIGION. The ordinary religious service is compounded of praise, prayer, and preaching. 1t wonld ex- cite the liveliest horror in the orthodox mind if some notorious scoffer should preach or pray before a congregution of the faithfal, but he is gladly allowed to take charge of the praise, nsy, 19 asked to do 80 and paid for doing so. Why should this differenco exist? It may be argned that, in singing, it is the melody, not the words, that the hearers nced in order to lift their thoughts up to God, &nd that, therefors, it makes no difference whether the melody-makers believe in the words they use or not. But the melody is intended &8 praise of a certain definite God, just aa prayer is intended as s request fo, and preaching 29 an explanation of, such a God. Isit right, then, to use in singing the voices of people to whom this God is either a lio oraborrror? If 8o, why not engage s man to read the church-service—wherever there is one —bocause he is an admirable reador, or another to deliver sermons because he is an excellent orator? They may not believe in what they read or speal, but the words of tho prayer would fall more soothingly, and tho thoughts of the sermon would strike more strongly, upon the hearer's ear. This argnment, weak as it seems, is the parallel of that which defends the practice of hiring singors without regard to their re- hgious eentiments. It is in vogue, people say, because such singers, by their ex- quisite execution, move the heart that would bo shocked and repelled by discords. Very many hearts, it might bo said, aro so affected by mo- notony at the lectern and stupidity in the pulpit. These three tnings—prayer, presching, and praise—ara co-ordinato parts of one sersics, of oqual holiness. If Christiuns can honestly hire an infidel to do one of them, they can with equal honesty engsge him for either or both of the others. A Charch ought to select its singers from among persons of well-known morals and religious feeling: Pl S B THE LIMITS OF CARICATURE. That caricature has, aud should be alfowed to have, s place in litorature and journalism, no one questions. It has its sphero, just as humor, wit, satire, and ridicule have their spheres. Bat then, like humor, wit, satire, and ridicule, it has its Jawa and its limits. Among it laws uro, that it should conform to truth, and be enlisted in the canse of truth. To the extent thatithas a batls in truth, and sine against no right prin- ciple, to that extent it is justifisble, but no far- ther. Caricature that is not even decent, wo need not say, shaald not be tolerated. Among the illustrated journals of thiscountry, Harper's Weekly has won 1o small notoriety for its caricatures. We wish we could add that its cartoons were models, we do not mean in ex- ecution, but in their adherence to the laws which should be obeyed by artists of every description, ‘We could wish, in the first place, that Mr. Nast’s pencil were employed in the service &f truth only, and not prostituted, as it frequently is, to the purely mercenary interests of his employers. For some years pest that journal has been publishing very hideous cartoons of Afr. Carl Schurz. Itbas been bolding him up to the rid- icule of ita readers. In these caricatures of the Missouri Senator, however, that journal has dis- played neither wit mor bumor; and, if it in- tonded theee picturcs as eatires, its ener- gies bave been: wofully misdirected. Ben- ator Schurz's course sinco he entered the United States Senate has been statesmanliko throughout, and 80 far a3 we can discover there is in real statesmanship nothing ridiculoos or & fit subject for s satirical pencit. The course of Harper's Weeluy, therefore, towards Senator Bchurz has been unwarrantable, even sccording to their own sdmission; for in & late num- ber of their weekly they remarked edi- torially that the 1loss of Semator Schurz to public life would be & nationalicalamity; and yet ip the noxt subsequent number they had a cartoon ropresenting him burrahing over the President’s veto, with n most sinister and potty- Iarceny cast of countenance. The Harpers sre 7now sounder on the financiel:question than they werolast fall. They consider the veto agood measure for the | country. What sense there is in caricaturing Schurz because the President adopted his arguments in the veto messsge and ho (8churz) approved of the veto, their readers will find it hard to discover. Why did they not in the same cartoon represent themselves with idiotic expressions cheering becsuse the President vetoed the Senate Financebill? There would be a8 much sense and ns much pomt in putting themsslves a8 Mr. Schurz there, Mr. Schurz is not the firet public man whom these toadios havecalamnisted in their cartoons. The Harpers are supposed to have been exceed- ingly loyal and patriotic. Yat, in their paper of Feb. 2, 1861, they speak of Jefferson Davis as the Bayard of Congress, sans peur et sans re- proche, and Isnd him as ascholar, & high-minded gentleman, born to command, destined to ‘*oovipy = distinguished position elther in It is tho poor whoin the main’ the Southern Confederacy or the United States.” On March 2, 186, just previous to the insugurs- tion of President Lincoln, over the name of “ Qur President{al Alerry-Msn,” they published & cartoon representing the future President in & room in the Astor House with an empty glass in his band, drunk and staggering, in the company of four others like himself under the influence of liquor, with the leer of the drunkard on their faces, one of the four looking out at a funeral —the funeral, alas! of the Union and Consti- tution ! The terrible realities which followed the in- auguration of Prosident Lincoln had not made such things impossible as yet, and of course such cartoons were popular at the South, where the Harpers were anxions to retain their circu- lation. The very same objections that apply to this caricature of President Lincoln apply to those of Senator Behurz. There was no real foundation for either. They could not possibly servoany good purpose. We recommend Br. Nast to dip bis pencil oftener in the truth, and besr in mind Hamlefs advice to the players. ~hotd the mirror up to nature and remember that *this overdone, or come tardy of, though it make the unskillful lsugh, cannot but make the judicious grieve.” AN UNAPPRECIATED POET. 1t is the fashion to sneer at certain poet who hasg received applause for his verse in both the Old World and the Now. The mention of his osme draws down o volley of abuse from per- sons who have fitted themselves to judge him by carefally abstaining from reading him. Our prophet is without honor in his own country. Tho spasm of admiration caused by his success in England hss ceased. e are blind to the, genius of Joaquin Miller, Truo, bhe imitates. Byron, Swinburne, Ros- eotti all tinge his writings. Dut equally trao is it that he originates. In his ““Songs of tho Sierras " he strnck a lesd of pure gold. He overworked the vein, but it was admirably rich up to tho exhaustion point. Since he went abroad for the second time some of hia frag- mentary pieces have been gems. Take *The Wanderer’s Poem,” which possibly s hundred Americans bave . resd. Does not the St. John of all sacred art look out through these lines? And there lfke 2 lamb, with head down, 83t Saint John, with his silken 3nd raven Rich hair on his shoulders, and cyes Lifting up to the faces unshaven Lik » sensitive child {n surprise. Tho Spectator called the poem sacrilegions. But its description of the growth of Christianity is ¢ once beautifal and strong : Lot the cross set in rock by the Boman, And nourished by blood of the Lamb, And watered by tears of the woman, Haa flourished, has spread like s paim, And put forth in the frosts and far rogions Of £nows tn the North and South sands, ‘Where never the tramp of his legions ‘Was heard, or reached forth his red banda. Few poets can, within the space of a line or two, make works yield the melody that links in the figures scattered through these shorter poems: ——when the breezs Ta tiptoe with the tale of to-morrows. ——matchless and falr As the tawny aweet twilight, with blended Sunlight and red stars in her hair. Tt is the function of thepoet to hold the mirror ap to natare. His mind may be like the artist's Claude Lorraine glass, which reflocts and yat en- riches, but mirror-like it must be. He is not 8o mauch what the Grecks called him—tho maker—as the interpreter. Now, itis one of Joaguin Miller’s strongest points that he is but amonthpiece. The mental and physical facts that surround him can be traced in every poem. The *Songs of the Sierras™ fulfill their title literally. The mouutains sang them to the poet first, He simply translated them forus. The long metrical romance about the Amazons, un- equal and disappointing aa it is, glows with the forvor of Southern skies. It smacksof the soil, —seems fo have been written by a man whose life had been spent on the great river. Yet this same man, transplanted to Rome, writes like & Roman. The true pride of the Eternal City rings through and through the final two verses of his **Rome” : Ye, Time on yon Campanian plain Hus pitched in siege his battle-tents, And round about ber battlements ‘Hus marched and trumpeted {n vaiz. These skies are Bome! The very loam ‘Lifts up and speaks {n Roman pride ; Aud Time, outfaced snd still dofied, ~ Sits by and wags his beard at Rome. The man who cin pen -such thoughts in such form fa » poet. He may be ‘bombastic sometimes. Ho may sometimes rant. But the creative power which distinguishes geniug isin him. When he is dead America will recognizo that fact. Itis said that Tennyson recently inquired of an American to whom ho had just been introduced: *Do you know Mr. Miller7” “No, sir.” *You know his poetry of course ?" *“I confess Idonot.” Whereat the disgusted poet-laureste turned on his heel and walked away, sayingtoafriend: **Imsgine a man who knows nothing of the greatest genius his country has prodnced!” SCIENCE ON SPIRITUALISM. The Fortnightly Review for May contains & remarkable paper by Mr. Alfred RB. Wallace, the coadjutor of Darwin, on Spirituslism. He points out the fact that we accept on all other matters tho judgments of men Who make them specisl- ties, while on this we are deaf to the per- sons who have fitted themseives by long and patient investigation to decide on the phenomens, and accept tho dicfa of man after man who has sat and eneered at half-a-dozen seances. The scientific method would be to hear oversthing that can be said, pro and con, by gsilled observers, and to reject all opiniond founded upon scant study. Mr. Wallace has therefore collected the facts stated by and of a number of the best-known mediums, has per- sonally investigated the subject for some years, 2nd has become, judged by his article, & convert, This is no mean acceseion to already well-filled ranks. Few persons lmow how strong, onmerically considered, Spiritualism is. Thelats Judge Edmonds estimated that there were from eight to eleven millions of Spirituslists in this country. 1Mr. Wallaco ssys: **There is scarcely & city or a consideradle town in Continental Europe at the present moment whers Spritual- ists are mot reckoned by hundreds, if not by thonssnds. Thore are said, on good authority, to be 50,000 avowed Bpiritusliats in Paris and 10,000 in Lyons; and the numbers in this country msy be roughly estimated by the fact that there are four exclusively Spiritnal periodi- cals, one of which has a circulation of 5,000 wookly.” Moreover, there are no perverts from Spiritualism. Its believers cling to their faith. “ Neither science nor philosophy, neither akepti- cism nor religion, hes ever yet, in this guarter ©of & century, mede one single convert from the ranks of ‘Bpiritualism!” The movement was never as vigorous as It ista-dey, It {8 being discuseed everywhere. A mass of newmy cuttinge, full_of stories of foating ¢ o and mysterions bands, and unearthly pg:, * sod supernatural feats, lies before pa, of science, especially in England, are inye, ingit. Mr. Wallace is but one atar, perhy, brightest, in, a galary. Few parsans .,‘:, caretal atudy of tho sublect, Wil gegy ot some of the phenomena of Bpiritualie .,,"f” explicable, in our present state of kngyyy" 8ave by the theory of Spiritualism, n,,u“’ Teject that theory ; but they will fing nm:" to bring forward anything to supply igg vh: Theso pheomens moy be, most of thep, itely petty, but thst does not provent thair i facts. We are bound, in these Darwinigy to sceopt trath in whatever garb it my P Something lies Lelow thess manifestation, L B is the part of scionco ta discoverit, Weyy by, should shun its fatal fascination. Tha rogyes ties batweon ta tong rowa of madhosey, 5. fedical Review says that 7,500 out of lh'lu: caces of insanity in thia country * can by gy directly. to Spiritualism,” e ——— LITERARY FRIVOLITIES, i, # DY PROP. WILLIAX MATHEwWs, “The saagram,” says Richelot, +js greatest follios of the human ming, f,’;:"’.‘“ ¥ be a fool to bo amused by them, 4ad ‘“*‘:-E : 8 fool to make them.” Coasidering st gy, - fow men of high repute—illustrious sohalgy e thinkers even—uavo triod their hang ity *incptie de Lesprithumain,” this must by o sidered a3 & somewhat exaggeratod slagepes Though ouagrams are not the grandest Proky £ tions of human geniag, yet tho intelloctuy 3 gevuity that is somotimes displuyed in recy. | awordinto its elements, and from the'g ¢y ments compounding some new word charery tic of the person or thing desigusted by g original, is quite surprising. = For oxamp' yyy can be moro curious than the coincidens iy tweon Telegraphs and its anagram, viz; gay Helps? So of Astronomers,—moon:lgey Penitentiary,—Nay, I repen! tt; Tadey 3, form,—Rare mad _frolic. Hardly lees 1ey f- itona are the following: Presbrers. & best in prayer; Gallavtries,—all great gy Old England,—golden land. Some yosm iy thore was o ominent physician in Lot whose name, John Abernethy, on secomat of fy bluntness and ronghuess, was metamorpbos; into Johnny the Bear.” It is probiblsty #: even “ Ursa Major ” himself smiled ann grl) - at the same time when he firat heard thiy L E E £ anagram. Few pereons will yield to the logic of poktay | anograms, but it is impossibls not to Lesixg by tho famous Frantic Listurbers, m. Francis Burdett ; aud, in an ignorantaze i lesa not & fow persons were condrmed. iy teg dogged adberence to the Pretonder to the B 15h throne, whilo his enemiea wore sbrilel confounded, by the coincidence of Ciy James Stuart with its anagram, He ast risatz claim. The two finest aangrams cver m are: Honor est a Ailo (Hovor is from & Nile), from Horatio Nelson; and tls r; evolved from Pilate's question, “ Qu:d ex'wi fas 2—What is trath?” * Vir cst qui adest-fiy the man who stands befare you.” T:o i ;. ing, written by Oldya, the bibliogrepker, i © found by his executors among his m.aucxm | will be regacded by many as ** quaintl; goo3"s . * Tuse an expression of Isaak Walton's : 1In word and WILL I AM sdriend toy s, And one friend OLD IS worth 2 huad- 3 ner, The Greeks made few nnagrams, aed thes mans deapised them. Nearly all Lski » ana are of modern manufactura: ss, f.om coy (body) porcus (pig) from logica’(lcgic) en (darkness). The Fronch have mvoatedcls very happy ansgrawms, of which a remiraaib genious one is that on Frere Jecqaes Chae, the assassin of Honri IIL., *Clest I'e Jergui =) cree.” Roussean, ashamed of his Zather, s waa a cobbler, changed his nameinto Vermie:tey —in which 8 wit discovered moro tha:; ths aaths had dreamed of, namely: Tufercils T taire's name is an aoagram, derived f:om d name, Arouetl j., or Arouetle jeuns. As Genest, 3 Fronchman of mach nots, 1 Alrs. Partington would ssy, “a chisfdir over"; it is uncivaled. The gentlexanis tion was distinguished by a pretemal sraliy i orgsn of smell, such as would hava ‘paleon Bonaparte or Eden Warwick p: of admiration,—whereupon soma iny finds in his name tho mirth-provol auszan, | “ER? cest un grand nez! Eh? it ia 8 g I nose!” One of the prettiest of modernans;ramsists £ following: i Florenca Nightingale, ’ Flit o, charmiug avget! B A patriotic Englishman made Nap>leon B> £ parte read in Latin, Bona rapta ley pr2.% E “ Rascal, yield up your stolen possem [ons.* T & last snagram wo shall cite, though los3 bilss @ than the foregoing as a mere foat of iatellccsl £+ ingennity, is wonderfully trathfal,—asmels, & itors, who are always so tired. Another curions phase of litersry laborisd literation, which may be & mory trick or cost of composition, or & positive ornsment, Waty,: used t0o often, it is suggestive of laborios ¢ o forts, and affects tho reader like the feats 0!8 f: gcrobat, which excite atlast an intorest =3 painful than plessant. But, when usc 1 withssd smbtle art aa to bo noticed only by t :0 pxis charms of sound that accompanies it, itis onf? the most dolicate graces of langnage. Isi following verse of Teansson, thero is so sl ative beauty in the pleasant interlinkiug of i sounds of d, and n, and §, which 18 pecalisritd® licious to the ear bocause it is 50 subtls as harll to be noticed by & common reader: Dip down upon the Northern shore, Oh, sweet nsw year, dolaying long; Thon dest expectant nature wrong, Delaying long,—delsy no more. Shakspoare bas occasional instances of bifg illastration, 28 in 5 ‘The curlish chiding of the winter’s 3 ;: and this device adds not a little to the. fore® E Burne’ word-painting, a8 whon he calls T3 O'Shanter A blethering, blustering, drunken blalz, and characterizes tha plowman's collic &5 A rymin’, rantin’, rovin’ billle. . Coleridge was an adept in the use of this Es? omament, 884 single exampls will e ® show: The fair breeze blew, the white foam Zew, The furrow followed free How much the alliteration sdds to 24" ‘pressiveness of Milton's ‘Behemoth, biggeet born of earth! The most brilliant modern poats aboaed i8 &1 Ef device, and even the most accomplisliel B ¢l writers do not disdain what Churchiliclls £ Aptallienalonsasital ld. In irony, satire, and all the kindsof % writinga, allitoration adds s pocaliss piqean the comio effect. Sydney Smith emplo7 feature of style with mosterly aisill sad aifij‘- a5 when ho speaks of an opponet 3 poluphagous, poluposous, sad pot-bellisd % - bler ™ ; and when, in contrasting the posi the poor curates with that' of the high w:fi; ries of the English Church, he calis the claases ** tho Rt. Rev. Dives in the pasca Lezarus in orders st the gate, doctored bY % sad comforted with crumbs.” A .ml(:n:” q striking instance is the famous p_nmsjfl;“ g * Lettera of Petor Plymley,” in which, nfiaL o measure of Mr. Percaval, the British PIeS™ heasks: At what poriod was the plsn f-'l,"n quest and constipation fully doveloped? % whosa mind was the ides of destroyiog 82 snd plasters of France first ungm‘-‘fl:} : . . . Depend upon it, the absance of th6 %% 1 teris medics will so0n bring them @ 2, . senses, wad tho cry of ¢ Bourbon and BT burst forth from the Baltio to the Medte™ nean.” 5 @ The following Is probably the most remr B & ib TP specimen of alliteration axtant. Ay 0% ™2 bas wristen aa acroatic, snd who bas folt 45 .