Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 11, 1874, Page 10

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1874. THE FAR WEST. Some Classes of People Who Go There. And Why They Do Not Succeed in Business. Very Little Employment Except at Hard Manual Labor. ¥o Golden Opportunities in the Terri- tories for Persons Without Capital. Correspondence of The Chicaao Tribine, Fomr FEEp STeELE, Wy. Ter., April 4, 18% Of all the immigrauts that yearly pass over the Union Pacific for points along that railroad, throughont the Territories or the Pacific Coast, fally one-third of the males roturn East in less than two years. Various causes havo been as- eigaad for this; but the main ono is, their aspira- tions are almost always GREATER THAN THEMR ADILITITS. How to mako money fast, and with the Jeast possible labor, is the great question, at present, with our people, After speculstions, bad invest- snonts, and poor management have deploted the yurse in the East, the victim rushes for the West, thinking that his tricky business educa- tion, learncd by bitter experience, will give bim employment where he can turnitto good s count. He expects to meot ignorast, half-civil- ized men, eager and ready to turn over their ‘money to him for investmont, and axks his sdvice in every matter of busivess, Instead of this, anch to bis surpriso, he finds the moneyed mon of the plain fully his equal in anything requir- 1ng eharp practice, and much his superior whea 3t comes to long-biead calculations 88 to whether or pot something will turn ont a paying ‘troneaction. Ho secs himself surrounded by ‘ menin buckskin suits and cowhide boots, ¥ho #lways take their whisky straight, curse loud acd deep when they feel like it, and often “ fight tho tiger * to tho tnno of thousands, and still havo ‘alwaze enough to stock a rancho or open a gold- anne ; men whoso simplo word is better than ‘thousands of contracts, ‘‘signed, sealed, snd deliverod,” snd whose every action is open, hon- cst, and relisblo, In company like this our emi- grant secs at once that all his fine expectations are ended in smoke, and so he hurries back to the East with the excuse that *“ The climate was tog sovere ; tho people too rough ; and, in fact, itibnt half a8 good 5 place to make money a8 one would suppose.” ! Thero is another class, younger in years, but more numerous, consisting chiefly of young professional men, mining exports, bookkeepers, and clerks. It has been well and truly said, ‘that “ Many parents prefer to sco their sons eelling shioes over a counter, for £6 & weak, than Lave them learn the trade and earn €18 by anaking them.” It is this . SEARDY GESTILITY ‘that makes the majority of our fast young men, and furnishes many inmates for our peniton- tiaries, After an imperfect and superficial edu- cation, the youth finds himself in the oftice of tome *eminent advocate.” Here he remains a couole of years, skimming over books in which ‘ho finds neither interest nor pleasurs. At the end of that time he has no trouble in passing 8 go-called examination, and receives authority ‘o go forth to prosecute or defend, although, in these latter days, he is 2pt to know more about beor than briefs. The West is cnosen as the bost field in which to display his talents; his carpet-bag is packed, and some place fired on for scttlement which, if land-speculators’ Teports are to rolied on, must surely nival New York City in a few years. On his arrival, Low great must ho his dis- aeppointment when he finds it nothing but a mining-cawmp or railrond-station, with houses fow and far between, inlerspersed with tents and Gug-onts. Enrly as ho msy put in an appear- =ace. ho will be apt to find from three to a dozen of the legal fraternity ahead of him. Hoe hangs out his shingle. but waita in vain for clicnts. Thero being but little property, every man knows his own withont the assistanco of the 3aw. Quarrcls are setticd on the spot, resulting often in the death of both parties ; whero only ono falls, the Coroner's jury always exonerates the other in a verdict that, ** If be hadn’t killed bim, he'd been killed.” Criminals are invited to B * danco on nothing ; " and thus allthe trouble, zxpense, and anxicty, which pecessarily arise from s legal tril, are eaved the county. Our sounglimb of tho 13w eces with dismay that therae is no eall for his advico ; he finds living coxpensive, s money giving ont, and nothing being done toward another supply. as he has no fnclination for manual labor, his patience be- ;lu\nes soon exhsusted, snd he returns to the st The expericncs of a YOUNG PHYSICIAN differs littlo from thia, except that he stands & Letter chance to make enough to support him in decency. if he ia something of a surgeon, and understands the treatment of ehot-wounds, knife-cuts, and bruises. Ho will find but little ¢lse to claim his attention, 83 tho_ country is biessed with a remarkably healthy climate. THE MIXING EXPERTS sre astoniehed to find hundreds of illiterate men who know far more about mines than they with all their fine theoretical education; and that a rough but practical prospector will be first depended on in all questions of mineralogy. al- though ho knows nothing of ages or strata, for iz education has been gained, not from books, but from experience purchased o the price of Yong years of paticnt, constant digging. He -cannot mystify by throwing out & lot of techni- cal phrases, but he can converse sonndly on Todes, veina, dips, and spurs ; and, if any sitna- tion be open, he wiil roceive the preference. hile snch men ss this sre so plentiful, is it any vonder college-made scientific characters aro at a discount ? Tut the most numerous, by far, of this sec- ond class of immigrants, are the many who rush for the Far West with the expectation of finding eituations where LITTLE WORK SECURES BIG PAY. They have received something of an education, write a fair hand, snd_may bave had some ex- perience in stores and offices; o can bo all Tlaced under the goneral biead of clerks. They bave beon trained to look on anything ressm- bling bard manual ieil as far beneath them, and their condition is almost pitiable, as they find themsolves in & strange land without money or friends. Buch work as they are seeking is hard to find, for ll men engaged in business sond Fast for their ovn relatives and friends to fill =il vacancies. Plenty of odd jobs are to be found at which thoy might, “did _they foel inclined, ean & livelihood and lay tho foundation for a fortuce in the fature: b £ they aro totally *“opposed to all manual & on principle,” tley prefer trusting to Inck, in- stead of their own endeavors, for something ea: %o turn up. It is out of men liko this that “road- 270nts” are made, and they furnish the material for gamblers and desperadoes. Disappointed on every hand, they are forced to choose botweon work and crime; sad the numerous doaths thronghoat the West by lynching and violonce prove that many prefer tho atter. Tha numerous beats hat are continually Ring around railroad-stations, waiting for a §hance to jamp on an Esstern-hound train, mey 0 taken an a fair averago of those too lazy to work and too cowardly to steal. After many Yuort ridoa and long walks, they find themsclves I ast agsin, sponging on the neighborhood un-~ vrtunata enongh to ba claimed a8 their home, there ta reniin and die, pever higher than & elerk, bat always haying the groatest contempt Jor & “mere mechanic,” Such men s already mentioned ® ABE XOT WANTED n the Far West, and their immigrat fon to it wi -m} #s it should, in flnhnmgins:;,‘ lfi:str?n‘:u‘:gl Mid suin regrete. What is noeded is capital, fuscle, and brains,—not lip-shod snatocracr, lops, aod whiners. Good etrong constitutions, hy minds, and willing bands, profeesional br otherwise, can always find plenty of emplog- ment; but ther must bo propared to rongh .yg orhaps for years. Still. tho kuowledge: that lortune and indopendence will surely crown their efforts in the ead ought to be sufficient in- ducement. Men are wanicd in the Far Vot xlho, on finding nathivg to do at_their own par- Healar calling, will be ‘Teady and willing to ac- rept anything be it in the shape of pick, shovel ax, or plow, _All over the plains can bo found lswrers and doctors stock-raisiog and herding, whilo the mines have many a colloge-greduata to whom Gresk and Latin are familisr tongnes. Last spring 1 bad tue pleasure of visiting £octh Pass, and, while there, was the gunest of the Probatoe Judge and the Clerk of Sweetwator County. Thoy are men young in years, but old in frontier-Lfe, snd, as such, KEPT * DACHELORS' HALL” in its most primitive state, doing their own cook~ ing, baking, and house-cleaning ; and doiog it well. They preferred this to hotel-life, and were greatly the gainers by it, not only in purse, but in public estimation. It i3 not stinginess or love of money that makes them live in thia way, but they find it the custom of the country, aud, 28 they started out to gain success, they krew thev must *%do in ltome a3 tho Romuns do.” They wero reared in every luxary, bat their sound common-sensa showed them tho foolishness of thoir city airs in a Jand of eand, eage-brush, and esvagos. Buch men a8 thess prove a blessing to aoy country, but moro espe- cially to » young aud growing one. Their pluck Sud energy have & good effect on the motles orowd who are their neighbors ; and, in the end, seemingly without an effors, thes havo iutluence, friends, and fortuno, B ‘A great dol of misery often arises to whole familios by the premature breaking-up of house- holds in the Eaat and immigration to the Far West. While so much land remains unoccupied in the Western States, it is only . FOOLISH AND RASIT in small farmors to attempt to better their con- dition in the Territories. Ilaming advertise- ments may ahow the land to be far cheapor; but tho uncertainty of crops, the danger, not only to property, but life, ss well as the scarcity and high cost of transportation, have proved to Taany who bave tried it that it is more than ex- pentive in the end. Owing to_tho scarcity of Tumber, it costs more to build a plain log-ranche, and fence a few acres, than it would take to buy a fiood-xizod farm, partially cultivated and with some improve- ments, eatt of the Alissouri. Men used to pro- ductive fields and running streams cannot take Eiudly to barren tracts, ecarcity of wator, srd short seasons, where irrigation keops them cou- stantly employed, and thoy then find that, for all their time, labor, aud oxpense, they bave but abont one-third of an Lustern harvest. Itis truc that sometimes s few passablo acres are found near & mining-camp, whose proper culti- vation enriches the owner ; but such are the ex- ceptions, s a mining region is seldom sn azri- cultural one. COLOXNJES FARE NO DETTER THAY INDIVIDUALS; and those best knowsz, and with the greatest names, are no exceptions. Owing to the high prico of labor, and tue enormous sum Tequisito Tor tho proper irrigation of their lands, it will be some years bofore the amount invested can be returned ; and it cannot Le otherwise thann poor prospect for a farmer to know that ho must pay for every acre watered by artificial means; that hereafter his work mnat be mor of a scien- tific than practical character; and that tho vis- jonary theories held by Agricnltural-Collego Professors are to be pul in operation by him, 28 Lie is ono of o joint-stock company, to which he Dbears the relation of being a part owner in, and a slavo to, at one and the same time, Thero are spots seattered throughout the Far West, which, for agcicnltural purposes, will rival any in the East, but their distance from ci - ization renders them. at the preseat time, im- practicable for cultivation and dangerous for Eottlemont.” Timo will give them occupants, but not until it becomes necessary for farm-labor to Jook for homes and occupations outside of tho Border States : and 2s they onn, for years, offer better inducements than the Far West, we cau- not expect it soon. The very reasons that go far to keep small farming unprofitable prove to be favorable to the man of capital, but only in ono way: he must invest in CATTLE, HORSES, OR SHEEP, and give his time and attention to them. Afonay, and plenty of L, i4 required to build reuches, stock farms, and hire a sufficient number of horders to prevoat any attack by either white or red thieves. Those who have tried it have been amply repaid, and bavo found that the Far West affords, at lenst. ono opening for speeds fortune. The parched, sandy soil of nearly the whole country west of the Missouri, which proves so detrimental to agriculture, gives growth to an abundance of strong, good grasses, of such excellent quality that countless herds live and fatten on them the year round. The short seasons and gevere climato cure them, with all their nutriment intact, on the stalk, thus making the best of uncut hay, and afford- ing fin winter grazing. The deep' canons and high bluffs give shelter from the periodical snow-storms, which are nothiug strange on_the Plains oven during ths summar months. With all these natural advantages stock-raising can- not but pay. 1T TAKES MONEY TO MAEE MONEY,” the world over, but more particularly at the present time in the Far West. Tho good old daysof placer-diggings and pan-mining are near- Iy at an end, and to mako either gold or_silver Mines romunerative tokes the best of machinery 2nd the cheapest of labor. To obtain & good, ving mine, already opened snd in working order, will take more money than would Luy a whole country of the best land in Kansas, while to turn prospector and discover a claim for omesclf will soon eat up the value of 5 good farm in Ohio; and, in nearly every case, the search must be given up, asevery available foot of land hes been alroady explored. Tho wages paid to laborers in mines averages from §2 to 28 per day, and it is only mea who thoroughly understand their business who com- mand tbe latter sum. The high price of all neceseary food, clothing, and shelier, when taken in connection with the daily pay, does not justify the immigration of any one who ia forced to bocomo & worker instead of the owner of a mino. TRADESMEN AND MECHANICS fare better than any other class,—their varions avocations being always in demand, not only in the principal towns, but in overy mining-camp. Thero ia no searcity of work for builders, stone~ masons, blacksmiths, ete. ; and they are paid far better than in the States, The numerous mili- tary posts ecatterad throughout give employment to many ; but_every vacancy issoon filled, ssa Government situation is preferred, on account of the eight-hour law, the permsnency and light- ness of work,-as well ag the surety of pay. Tie-camps, lumber-regions, and conl-mines offer high wages and steady work to laboring men; but they must bo _strong of body to stand the roughness of tleir surroundings, sober if they want promotion, and industrious if they wish success. On the whola, the Tar West proves to have rlenty of employment at rough manual abor, but very few opeainga where bread can be earned by lesa thun “the swoat of the brow.” The extravagant opinion héld years ago by ‘many, that gokil could be had for the picking up, is now replaced by the equally foolish-but MORE_DANGEKOUS ONE, that the West offers golden opportunities for advancement in every path of Life. That ever- lasting cry, * Go Weést, young man! go West " has entailed more misery on its followers than will ever be known, as tho many who could prove it & weak and silly advice have & dolicacy in pub- lishing to the world their misfortune and fail- ures. Tho most crowded cities of the East offer a better field for ambitious young men,as this thing of ** growing up with the country ™ is too slow » process for this fast sgo; while farmers, heads of families, and smsll’ capitalists should be very careful, and weigh well the consaquences befors giving up a roality for & shadow. ¥ TLES. THE FARM AND GARDEN. How march Wook Xis Leave Poor Man’s Flnnure--The W Storm-Period--Che Daily Weather- Reports by Mail of No Valuce-The Progress of Climatology-~"Che Part tnat Electricity Plays--Prospects of the Eruit-Crope-Sclecting the Crop 1o Be Planted=-Selling of farme=Fro- ducts=-The Purchase of Goody=-Buy= ing Goods of the Manufacturecres Orchard-Grass-Sced. ] From Qur Agricultural Correspondent, Craxrpalas, Iil, April 9, 1874, Marchleft us in one of Ler stormy moods ; but, just before the clock sturck the last hour, the clouds had lifted, and the moon shone out bright aod cheerfal, s the north wind began to crisp the enow. From 7 a. m. until noon the air was filled with one of the fiercest snow-storms of tho season. Some of it melted as it fell ; but the sun that came upclear anthe 1st day of April found patches of it to turn on the soil as the POOR MAN'S MANURE. 1t is possiblo that tho enow moro effectnally gathers the ammonis nd other plant-food from the atmosphers than tue rain; if 8o, that may account for tho value of these vernal snow- storms, that sppesr to give vegetation new energy. I looked out of the window and watched tho storm that the northast wind wss driviog with so much fary. Isif probable, said I, that this storm ig, in fact, moving east sgawnst this fierce northeast wind ; or, rather, is it possible? Mre. ** Rural ” said that sho knew better, and that ehe should beheve her own eyes be- fore Prof. Blodgett, Mr. Mowry, or Ar. Probabilities. Well, wo will leave the mat- ter natil the afternoon mail brings us Tae Trm- UNE, and then we will look over the horoscope and goe who ia in the right. The mail came, and here is the result; and we must conclude th the storm was BEALLY MARCHING EASTWARD : At1s.m., it was bailing at Omaha, snowing at Chayenne, clear at LaCrosso, Dulath, Escanaba, and Pembina,—showing that tho storm, passed to the south of those points. At Keokuk, rain with light wind. This gives the track of the etorm a8 it swept Eastward. At noon the wind began to lull, for the cestre of the storm bad possed us, and the wind ‘soon camo from the west or rather northwest. At all the points north of tho track of the storm, the wind was from the vorthward, thus blowing toward the storm. We might call these storm-waves aweeping onward in the same dieection, and following each other in periods of about soven daye. may, sccording to this theory, look for our eastern storms for some weoks to come, to make their appearance on Sunday or Mondsy ; or, rather, to have tho east wind get in on Sunday, and the storm to follow that night or the following morning. Wo may but wo may look for the east :ly periods with great oconfi- a. m. of the 1Ist, we storm hes spent its fury the within & short distance ; for, at Toledo, the wind was brisk from the nopthesat, and it was cloady ; find that and, at all points West, tho wind wws from tho weat or north, and in most cases 1t was clear, The weather-oracle at Washintton predicted stormy westher on the 8ist of Marcii, aud on the st of April northwesterly wincs and partlv- clondy weather. There is a vastdifferencein tho Yolume and force of thaso storm-waves, but that they have a someswhat regular period ie certain. An old adago eays that, if St. Swithin’s day falls on Bunday, it will rein on the saven following Sundays. We may have heavy rainfalls on other days of the weck, occasioned by local showery, but we gball not lose sight of the timo of the regular oastward storma that are passing from the Tocky Mountaine, They ara sometimes driven almoat south, and come to us cold and drench- ing. At best, thia storm-systom is a mystory, and wo can predict little as regards duration or intensity. A storm started at the most westerly point_may fade_out beforo reaching the Missis- sipp1 River, or_it may gather forco and becomo miore powerful 28 it eweeps onward toward tho Atlantic. So far as tho daily reports arc seut to the post-offices for tho uge of the people, they HAVE NOT THE LEAST VALGE. The rerart of 1 o'clock a. m. reaches this point by mail at 1 p. m.; and, B0 far as & warning, or a3 predicting tho intensity or duration of tho storm, does not give us tho loast iden that is of value, We s=o that it was storming at Omaba ; but, By the Lime tho news reaches us, tho storm is cither on us, or it has faded out. To tho gailor at the Atlantic ports, the weather officer may be of use, for the storm msay be traced in ita path from the Far West by tclegraph, aud, if it has steadily gained force in passing over the groat prairie region to tha foreats of Indiaus, the Pprosamption may bo, that it will sweep far ont into the Atlantic Ocean. In that case, the warning may bo of some value; but, 80 farastho furmers aro interested, tho daily weather-pre- dictions have no marketable value. The porsons in most cases, who have urged them, aro not farmers, and have no_sympathy with farmers boyond ‘their votes. In one of our great in- dustrial gatherings, the mover of {ho resolution 2sking the Governmeat to distribute those daily reports, I presumo never worked a day on the farm in his life, but holds a promimeut office. He urged the motion in a very learned epeech, and, as thore was notbing to pay, and the thing being novel and pleasing, a light vote was cast in its favor, and none in the negative. Othor bodies in like manner indorsed tho prop on, snd now the mail brings two of these reports daily to eachi of the ofiicers along tho line of the Tllinois Central Railroad, aud probably all others leaving Chicago. It is a good job for some one or moro people, but is a uscles bill of ezpenss, and should bo at once discontinued. THE BTUDY OF CLIMATOLOGY isyetinits infancy; anditis possiblo that, in time, we may b ablo to master soma of its laws, and thus render it of use to the farming interest. So far, at least, in its history, no one has been enabled to predict the weather with any certainty beyond a few hours; and theso predictions are made from the genoral aspect of the clouds and the courso of the wind, and must be observed on tho spot. At this point we may have a recurrence of casterly winds abont once in seven days; but this may not follow at pointa north or soutl, or at least on the same days. Then, agaiu, the districts that are traversed by these weekly vis- itations may overlap each otber st times, and thias the east wind, thet may or may not be fol- lowed by a storm, may occur at any time between the weekly periods. It is thus scen that the weather to come is beyond the power of proph- ecy. THE PART THAT ELECTRICITY PLAYS in tho managemont of the weather is probably £0 important one, and no donbt has much to do with tho temperature of the season. In the ab- gence of thunder and lightuing, wo may take it for granted that the atmoryhere, the earth, and the clouds, are pretty weil suppled with' this element, or, at least, the equilibrium between ogitive and negative electricity is fully estab- ighed ; and that this condition of things is fav- orable to the growth of all plants that do not ro~ uiro o high temporature, liko tho small grain, the grasses and clover of our fletds, the potato, turnip, cabbage, aud the ~most of our forest-trees. Whon we have thunder sud lightning, we may conclude that the stock of electricity i8 running abort; and that, in loaping from the esrth or clouds in its Tapid motion, the friction produces heat, and the result is hot, sultry weather, attended by sum- mer showers, that devclop the weeds in & most wonderful manner. We have not a8 yet learned how the supply becomes exhausted, or what force sands a wave of the cold luid, or whatever it may be, down on us from the Arctic regions,— the great storehouse of this important element. I might write a book on_this subject, and yot ‘e no wiser than before. In fact, the more we appear to learn on this subject, the less we real- Iy know;; sud, antil the veil of the mystery ia lifted, we may ag well jog on in the old way. When we get up in the morning, and find tho wind in the east, with the sun coming up through the hazy-looking clouds, we may half-suspoct rain before night. 8 The rain-storm of Monday, March 31, wes fol- Yowed on Sunday, April 5—thus bringing it ‘withun tho bounds of the weekly period, s be- fore stated. With the overlapping of the storms from other districts, and the great rango of duration ani intensity of the weekly storm, we have such & mixed system.of weather-movemente that one is lost in their contemplation, and wo goun find that predicting the weather i¢ full of uucertaiu- tics, besond a fow geueral facts that aro patent toall. On Alonday, the 3lst of March, we had several inches of snow ; aud on Sunday, Aprl 5, a sharp northenst rain-atorm set in at the samo hour in the morning, the rain turming to elect snd snow, while the week had beon cold, with freczing nights, thus seriously damaging the winter-wheat crop, tbat bad, up to this period, given such promisa of a fino crop. ‘This backward, cold weathor 13 GOOD FOR TILE FRUIT-CEOP, 88 it retards the swelling of the buds, and thus carries the blooming period forward beyond tho probability of frost. We begin to realize the damege to the fruit-trecs by the three seasons of drought and the cold of the winter of 1873. 1 have several lotters from farmers in Iowa, Wis- consin, sud this State, giving information as to tho damage to the Ben Davis, Willow Twig, and other spples that some peopla have been pleased to torm iron-ciad, but which have proved more tender than many sorts of lesa reputation. So far a3 I Liave observed, all of thosa fall and win- tor varictios that produced large crops in tho summer of 1872 suffered in the winter of 1373. Tho drought of 1871 kad induced tho forma- tion of fruit-buds, and the crop of 1872 waa enormous,—thus weskening the vitalit; of the troes to that extent that they could nof bear up against the drought and cold that fol- lowed. Those varieties that produced light erops bad less to contend with, and were less damaged. In pruning the orchard this pring, thesa facts aro. vory apparent. The trees that produced little or no_[fruit are little ivjured. Cherries, caches, and quinces are the most seriously iu- jurod, at lesst in my grounds. We may Leep on planting, for these exceptional seasons do not turn up very often, and we may get many fine crops bofora tho trees aro again Lilled. Soma varieties aro moro hardy than others, when sub- ject to the samo conditions ; but tho Bame con- ditions do not como to all at the same time; bowever the so-called” iron-clads may nereafter escape and regain their reputation. There are othar things then cold that assist m the deatruction’ of fruit-trecs. 'Tho loss of orchard-trees, on the average, is perhaps no greater than on ordinary farm-crops, from Causes beyond the control'of the farmer; and stock-men have their period of lass from u voidabla cause ; and yet thero is . AN AVEBAGE GAIN, over the average 10as: so the orchardist should not make complaint above tha:i of other rural pursuits, for hie, too, is subject to the nps and downs of life, and takes his chance with the seasons. Wo havo exceptioually good seasons, and exceptionally bad gsasons. 1372 gaveusa remarkable sield of corn, =nd those farmers who have held it to tho present time bave po reason to complain? Thos were hard-pushed, mdphul to ::fie l:fl:.; conts, were tha majority; - for the big ctop had largely increased their Iabor-bills in tha haryesting, and thsy mada a loss, or, 8t laast, no profit. Botho apple-crop of 1872 glutted the markor, and tho price was barely & paying one ; yet thero were partics who put_ the bulk o the crop into cider and cider-vinegar, and thus mado a good profit. Tho ssme may follow again with corn or apples ; and the remedy 18 {o hold both in such a form that it will leavo a fair profit. In 1862, eorn sold at Jess thun half the cost of pro- duction, snd yet those who beld it for a few months made a profit oo it. Corn may be cribbed and held for s _better market, and _fruit may be canned or dried for futuro ugo ; and thus wo may guard against loss in caso of exceptional large crops, for, do as we will, THE LAWS OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND will continuo to fix the market-valuein the great majority of cases. All of the farm-crops can bo carried over if we so planit; or, atleast, wo need row nona that caunot be thus managed. Potatoes can hardly be called & farm-crop, and et there are fow years that the crop will not pay a profit, aud generally o large ono at that. Asa gencral thing, mixed crops are the most satis factory, and all is not lost in a single venture. In solecting the crop to be planted, the market- demsnds must be cousulted, s well as tho adaptation of soil and climate. Near a paper- mill, rye-straw is a profitablo crop, even when the rye itself has no grest valus; so is flax- straw near o flax-mill; Lub neither 'is the flax nor rye straw when it must be Lauled or shipped long distance. SELLING THE FARMELS' PRODUCE. Watszsa, 1iL, April 2, 1874, Me. “RURAL"—Sm: 1am a Grauger’s wife,and & Granger ; and, as T know you to bes friend of tho farmer, if not 'a trus Granger, I take the liberty of writing yow. Our Grange has boen determined to stop that groat leak of paying tho dealers such a per- centage for handling our goods; but thus far wo have made no headway ; and our neighbors, who scofl at our efforts, are enabled to purchaso goods just as cheap 82 wo Grangers, who, I supposcd, were to have the monopoly of chesp things, Our Master s s very shrewd man, and & very suc- cessful farmer, He mevor gives to any charity; but he always gets & good price for wlist he kells, and buya cheap. The Grango requested him to buy a barrel of keroseno at the villago ; which he did at a cost of 18 cents a-gallon. He was to have the privilege of divid- ing it at tho storo ; and eo the purtica who were to havo it went 10 tho village one afternoon, with our Master, to get their share, A B was to Lavo 10 gallons; O 3, end seven others § each. Wobad s procession 'of uive teams, and all drova up to tho store. You better beliove that the vil- 0 wos astonished to ee 80 many teams from one echool-district, My husband was busy, and could not well go, and, as I had a little shop- piog o do, I 'wemt in his place, By the way, we aro 8 miles from the village, Somo purchased tn cans, some old glass carboys sud demijohns that they found stithe drug- stores; and then tho last man feil short 3 gallous, as the cask did not hold out; but he took the empty cask to make it up, snd wo all went home, Jim Biith—we call him BigJim for short—had the misfortune to break s carboy and loso the 5 galjons of oil. It took 30 long to divide the oil and ke chaugo that I got tired of the job; and then peoplo had wuch a staro ot us, and made mauy unpleas- snt remorks. One man riled our Maater a little, and ho told the man that the villages had been bullt Uy tho hard earnings of the farmers, and that the farmer would dry np this business of trade, and horo- After do their own businese; they would show the dealers how things could be dona, He weat on to say that the farmer had to pzy the dealer his prico for tha goods ; but, when the farmer had butter, eggs, chick- ens, or anythiug else to scll, the dealer just pnt'a prico on {hese thingy, wnd paid ‘the farmer just what he pleased for thetn ; and this, satd our worthy Maater, is Just how it s, are bound to put the boot oa tho other foot, and ix our own prices. The man did not get mad, Dut simply_remarked that all these things were produced in all parts of tho couutry, and that the people need not bo dictated 1o by a few farmers ; and that distant markets fized the price of farm-pro- dace 1n this and other villwges, I bad taken in 16 dozon cgge,and sold themat 9 cents cash, £0 43 0 get the money to pay for my kero- scne, A grocer offered mo 1235 cents in trade, but be would cliarge 25 cents for the kerosepe. After 1 camo Lome and reckoned up, I fouud that the profit wes on the wrong sid=; for 1 went to tho village at a very in- convenient time, Lad to bo starid at by peopls who ‘come to g00 U divide the barrel of Xeroseue, aud got Lowe two hours Ister in_couscquence, and then I only exchanged my 2 dozen of eggs for 1 gullon of kerogena, 1 felta fittle disappointed. Ono Grange has becn talking sbout buy- ing sugar, soap, and other things, aud golng to the depot to divids them, but my husband thinks ihat, taking the loas of timeinto account, it will not pay ; and he wants mo o wris and ask youwhat wa had best do, and if this buyiug goods in such lota and dividing thém ia to become general, and tho stores aro to bo closed, sccording to the doctrine tsught in our Grange; ortad we better joln the Farmers' Ciubs, and trado where they sell the cheapest for cash or reads pay, and give ui a little credit in case of nced? Husband says that thero are times that & short credit is an accommodation,—when roads are bad, or when produce is too low. e have pota- toes, eggs, butter, chickens, vealcalves, and, some yoars, ouions snd turnips, that we exchangs for gro- Ceries ; and that leaves the gran and stock to bring tuo cash, It costus $7 tojoin the Grauge, and then wo Bave monthly ducs topay, I hope that we shall be able ta got this money back in some way ; but we have ot made it in tad krosone-trade, 1 Liope that we sball bo able 0 5co our way out of this state of things. Ales, ABiGaIL B. . S.—The roads were 80 bad after thit snow-storm t1se nst day of Mareh, that I could not send this to tho powt-offico; and, since then, somo of tho neighbors Dhavo called in, and they were ail disgusted with tho kerasene-business, and say that hereafier they shall Luy in just such quanties a8 they choose, aud whers ey can do o best for cash or the exchango of thair produce, . 8. No, 2 —Our Grange met st evening, and wa Rave agreed upon our town-officers,—not tie Grango 28 3 Grange, but, after the meeting was over, aud the doors were open, any person mignt hava core in, but, at that late hour, no ope did, Big Jim got tho best office, and ho is &0 pleased that he looks upou the loss of his carboy of oil a8 3 good joke, Our worthy Mas. tor is to be Supervisor, It would Lave done you good to have feen and heard him when the nomi 3 made. Ho waa “delighted and surprised ofice seek the man, and not the man the office; and, therefore, bo did not foel at liverty to decling the bonor.” 'Wo are looking far the better time. 4. B. The above letter pretty clearly explaing itself, snd shows the fallacy that we cando without middlemen, and that the middlemean not only fix the prico of their own goods, but that of the farmers’ produce, in an arbitrary mauner. They are, i the main, governed by the law of supply and demand. This is pre-eminently the caso with all of the necessaries of life and the neces- ganes of fashion. Wheo money is closo with the farmer, and he ceases to put up new build- ings, and thus tbo demand for building-material 18 letsencd, doalers and maoufacturers are com- pelled, or rather choose, to lessen the prices in order to wake sales; and, whon building is re- sumed, the reverse is the caso, for the demand s greater than the supply, and tho price advances. Suppose all the farmers of & couuty should fix tho price of their corn at §1a bushel; the result would be no sale, and a state of ELUSINESS-STAGONATION WOULD EXIST. Beforo tho duys of railroads and cavals, near- ly all business was dous on tho dicker or ex- change plan,—the farmer paying the mechanic in kiud, for tho mechavic was his neighbor ; and the merchant took fsrm-products, lumber, E&usn, pig-iron, and all exchangablo goods for shell-goods. In tho back counties, wheat hod & standard value of €1; corn aud rye, 50 cents ; oats, 25 cents; potatoes wera of diticult salé at from 10 to 25 cents & bushel; apples sbout 25 cents; and cider, 81 a barrel, the cask to bo returncd, or paid for at another dollar. But all this is chauged, and we have aclass of men who buy our products, paying cash; and, in tum, we parchase our necds with this cash, Tho prico of wheat, and corn, and clicese, in Liverpool, fixes the price of tho samo staples in all the Northweat. And the price of hardware at Birmingham fixea tho price in this country,—thas putting tho price of those goods beyond the control of our dealers. Nearly all of this tirade ngainst the dealers and middle- men is meco bosh, gotten up by men who wish tomake themsclves popular for the ake of office. Every farmer should havo a slate and pencil, and set himself to figuring up tho propo- sitions made him.~As s general thing, it is better to purchase goods at THR NEAREST TRADING-POINT, or whers you sell or exchange your produce. Here is a lotter i point : Daxvitiz, I, April 2, 1874, g, “RURAL:" Bm: Last week I ordered s Freld- man harrow of the manufacturer at Chicago, It came billed s $16, with a discount of 10 per cent off for cash. The freight was $1.05,—making the net cost of the harrow $16.45, The dealer at this point sella tho #ame harrow for §14 cash in nnd; 60 1am out SL45, besides 15 cents postage and 5 centa for post-office or- der, The dealer told me that hia freight was about 30 conts per harrow by the car-load, and the discount on car-loads enabled Kim o sell at these Sgnres for cash ; but, on foar months’ crodit, the price was $16 and in- tercst. I don’t proposs to send any more orders to ‘mrnufacturers until I have investigated the prices at home, I suspect that cash in hand 18 o good thing to cheapen goods ; but we sometimes Lisve to buy when We are out of money. 1. C. CORRECTIONS. In the last week's ** Farm and Garden,” the type made tho Miner plum intoa minx plum. Mr. Kasson Las the Miner plom for sale. In speaking of tho corn-zone, the readér will Bce that 20 degrees of latitude 18 too much by 13, and it should bo reduced to just 2 degrees. Of course, good crops of corn are growa outside of this 2 degrees; yet tho market-supply f'aymo: mainly from that narrow strip of coun- GRARS. The blue-grass pastures nre giving the stock o good pasturage, notwithsianding the cold, backward weather. A fow farmers ars trying tho orchard-grase, but the seed appears o bo scarce,—the demand at the Eaat having absorbed the usua) supply at Louisville 2nd Cincinnati. Thoso who sow would do well to keep it pure, for the surpose of eaving tho seed, which ig abundant and easily threshed. LoRAL. —The Audubon Counly (Towa) Defender le that, a few days siaca, fi(l . )l'a.r{er, livm:'r?x;! the south part of that county, met a youag man by thie name of Baker, who had been slandering her, and at oncs procecded 1o chastise him for the offensa with an ax-helye. LITERATURE Novels. IVAX DE BIRON; On, Tuz Rrssia¥ COURT IN TOE MiopLr or Tne List Ocwrony, By the Author of “ Friends in Council,” etc. 13mo, pp. 473, Eos~ ton: Roberts I THE CIRCUIT-RIDER; A Tauz ov Tz Hemoio Ace. Dy Epwaup EcoLustoN, Author of “Tbo Hoosler Schoolmaster,” etc, 12 mo., Pp. $12. New York : J, B. Ford & Co. Binco Arthur Helpa published hia first book, *Thoughts on the Cloister and tho Crown,"” in 1835,—tho year in which he taok his degree at Trinity Chnrch, Cambridge,—he has produced some fifteen or sixteen different works, includ- ing essays, dialogucs, dramas, histories, and novels. These havo been characterized by acute thought, pure judgment, decp moral feeling, and araro command of what Ruskin has termed “beantiful and quiet English. They have all secured a wide popularity, most of them passing through many editions, and have gained for their suthor a renown and regard second to none of the liviog writers of England. Poesessed of smple means, Mr. Helps has passed his life in tho culture of letters, in the enjoyment of literary companionships, and in tho study of the great questions affecting the social relations and responsibilities of men. This last, indecd,is a subject to which ha has devoted his most earnest attention ; and thero are fow of his books which do not deal conspicuously with somo of its complex problems. Tho two series ot * Friends in Conncil” havo met with uni- versal acceptauce, especially from select readers, who placo them on the shelf reservod for their primo favorites. The histories of Mr. Helps,— which treat of tho conquest of the New World— are greatly valued for their minuto and careful deteil and unuenal breadth of judgment. His novels, * Realmah ” and *¢ Casimir Marcmma,” have been writtcn with the purpose of illustrat- - ing favorite eocial thoories ; and, for this reason, together with the popularity of their authar, they have incited an interost which dwed little toany poculiar attrsctions thoy possessed 28 works of fiction. = This last novel by Mr. Helps, 28 its title im- plics, is historical, exbibiting ‘a picture of the TRussian Court in'the micdle of the last century. 1t opens with the death of the Empross Anne, in 1740, and extends a fow years into the reign of the Empress Elizaboth,—thus covering tho briof Regency. of less than & month, of Anne's favorito, the proud, despotic, but vizorous and able Jolin do Biron, Duke of Courland ; the con- of Field-Marshal Muennich, by which spiracy ! PBiron was toppled from his seat of power and banished to Pelin, Siberia; the second equally- snccessful conspiracy, which, in the following year, sont Anennich an exilo in his turnto Pelin, to inhabit the very house which had beet the prison of Biron, who was now recalled; and the esteblishment of Elizabeth, the illegitimato daughter of Peter the Great and Catharine I, upon the throno of the Czars. TIvan do Biron, tho nephew and secretary of the Duke of Courland, although the hero of the novel, is less notable than goveral of the illus- trious personages clustered around him, by whom his inferior rank and loss striking quali- ties, are inevitably overshadowed. It is the love-story of Ivan. foll of romance and vicis: tude, which Mr. Helps means to mako of para- mount importance; but it fails to divert the reader from a more curious interest in tho stronger characters and more exciting featurea of the royal and titled figures involved in tho drama. The author adheres strictly to the facts of his- tory in the main® incidents of his narrative, and truthfully depicts the mingled splendor and bar- barism of tho Court of Kusasia at the period of which he writes. Ho indulges in lcss reflection thaa is customery in his works ; yet an occasion- al finie remark betrays his discriminating taste and far-reaching vision, In one or two casusl sentences ho also shows that nice apprectation of sroman's nature for which ha is proverbial. The book will occupy a fair position among the pre- ious works of Mr. Helps, resting its chiof claim upon its historic value. As an auxiliary to the graver chronicles of the Russian nation, it will prove both useful and entortaining. A sharper contrast to the ** Ivan e Biron” of Mr. Helps could not be afforded than by ‘* The Circuit-Rider ” of Mr. Eggleston. The one por- trays the magnificence of royalty in a nation whare the savasery, and show. and glitter of the Orient meet tho refinement and civilization of the Occident; the other delineztea the rude, coarse, and humblo lifo of the frontier, in a country remote from Russia in situation, 0ppos- od to it in character, and yet with a resembianca in many of its circumstances. The ono is writ- ten in s calm, pure, and polished style, that pleasantly gratifies the cakivated tesie; tho other with & nervous force, and heat, and im- petuousity, in barmony with the rough, wild passions and events of 1he timo and aceno it do- wcribes. The principal elements sre the eame 1n both books: untuiored, untamed, unclristian- ized human nature; but how different aro the surroundings, and how diverse the treatment! Mr. Egzleston bas writtca one or two novels beforo, which have received high praiso, but which cannot havo deserved more than this. It is wo graphic, B0 stirring, #o real, 8o _artistic, it movyes us to the warmest words of commends- tion. Msret Harte has been awardod tho palm for skill in atories which are distinctively Ameri- can; which preservo in porfection the color and flavor of Western border lifo 1n a pass genera- tion; but ho must share the distinction with an- other, who nvals him in tho fidelity, pic- turesqueneas, and strength of his representa- tions of pioneer life. Tho developments of in- dividual character, and the train of violent ad- venture, which everywhere. mark tho extrome lino of civilization, were acarcely more strange, striking, and incredible, in the early experience of California, than in that of Obio and Indiana. There is a horoic side to many of the forms of life whicly existed in the latter States in their beginning, which offers rich subject for tho pov- clist znd historian; and *The Circuit-Rider,” who braved every hazard, and endured everv hardship, to carry the Goepel of Salvation to his fellow-men, was every whit a3 daring, 28 in- trepid, and’ a8 unflinching as tho miner, tho gambler, and the ratiian, among tho gulcies and Placers of the Pacific Slope. In the boginning of his storv, Mr. Eggleston skotchos s settlement on the edze of & primeval forcst, far beyond the reach of refined and re- ligious intluences, Poverty and ignorance, and accompanyiug vuigarity and vice, prevail in and aroundit.” There aro nohla germs of character, latent or half-developed, in Learts here and thero ; put the lack of edacation and of moral training are painfally apparent in rude speoch, lawless habits, and nubridled passions. Drink- ing, racing, and gambling sre open and rospoct- able pastimes ; while the customs of civilized life, 7if they are understood, Lave very little recognition. But the circuit-riders, the illiterate, uncal- tured, but devout apostles of Motho peno- trate the locality,—persistently fichting their way against the obstinate prejudices and bate of tho inhabitants. By the power and fervor of the Gospel they preach _the commaunity are converte ed. Their fierce, wild nature ig subdned in spite of themselves. Taoy discover their grossness, conrsenees, and wickedness; and tho botter spirit within them revolts against their un- ballowed mode of living. They who have in them tho rudiments of nobility and integrity aro transformed into earnest, activo, and self-deny- ing Christisns. The change in rapid and pro- digious, but not unnatural ; and wo watch with wonder and admiration the sudden growth of puro and besutiful virtues among these godlesa and profane backwoodsmen. It 18 the metamor- hosis of a wilderness into an Eden, of s boor into a gentleman, of Lieathen into'a Christian. The work of deacribing this change is skillful- Iy done by the suthor, Each character main- tains ita individuality during tho transmutation, and comes ont refined and purified, but true t0 its original grain and biss. An eyo-witness of tho various exciting scenes related could not ba more impressed tMnLhdt:a reader. Nowsmiles, DOW L94r8, Are provokes the shifting humor 20d pathos. Ad, whon all is dooe aad the story is ended, one feels 38 if ho had been pres- ent at & groas conflict in buman life, in which right had conquered wrong, blessedness had won the victory over pain, and tho Divine part of man had forever gained dominion over thab which was earthly, evil and erring. B Taine’s ¢ Pyrcnces.? A TOUR THROUGH THE PYRENEES. By Hrrro Lrue ApoLemr Taxe, Author of A Htory of Eoglish_Literature.” * Tranalated by J. Saiford Fuske. 12mo., pp.340. New York: Henry Holt & The eye—that much tasked and tortured organ, which, in advance of the brain, dictntes the firat verdict upon a new volume, because, through its arduous action, the words must present their meaning to the mind—takes in glad impression of this book, from the large, open tvpe, and broadiy-separated lines, which allow it to do its work with comparative comfort. Oh that tho eyes of readers were oftener cocsulted by pub- lishers! They would not then as frequeatly protest, snd revolt, and failin the continual ser- vice required of them. This is the second edition'of the * Tour Through the Pyranees " offered to the American reader. Tho first waa issued prior to the holiday- season of 1873, and, embel ed with illustra. tions by Dore, was sold at a high figure. To en- Jarge the circulation of tho volume, tho proscat neat and relativelycheap edition of the text alone has been provided. Taine's trip to the Pyronees, which evidently constituted s sumraer’s “ outing,” oxtended from Bordeaux to the coast, throuzh the Valleys of Ossau snd Luz, to Bagneres, Luchon, and Toulouse. It was prosecuted alono, and, judg- ing from the record, in & cynical, satirical, and ungracious spirit. In truth, in no other of Taine’s volumes has he appeared to such disad- vantage, socially end intellectually. He finds unalloyed pleasure in neither man nor nature, and hardly relaxes into downright good-nataro from the beginning to the end of his journey. His feelings are reflected in his language, which is abrupt, jerky, and disconnected, to that do- grea that it becomes positively tedicus. This is an unexpected commont to pass on a writing of tho brillant, captivating Taine, who has heretofore gained only hearty plaudits for his splondid style, and still morosplendid facnlty for anaiysis, discernment, and decision. But even the strongest-winged cannot always sustain thomselves aloft, and the bold, keen-witted Fronchman has hero descended from his ac- customed heights to a lovel with 1nferior men. There aro traces of his great power now and then, but they are not prouounced or&‘nrnlonged. Io single sentences ho someotimes flashes the full radiance of his intellect, but it seldom fames over an eatire page, or oven paragraph. Of tho few fine passages that occur &t infrequent inter- vals, we copy the following, which, at the en- tranco of the volume, holds out a delusive prom- isc of abundant treasures of the sort farthor in. 1t is a doscription of tho river at Hoyan : The banks, fringed with palo verdure, glide right and left, far 2way to the verga of heaven ; tho river is broad, 1liko Asea; at this distance, youmight th you sew two hodgta ; the trees dimly lift their delicate *hapes in a robeof bluish gauze; here and there, great pines Tafse their umbreilza on the vapory hori- Zzon, where all is confused and yanishing ; there is an incIpressible sweetnes in theea first hues of the timid day, softencd still by the fog which exhales from tho decpriver. As for the river itself, its waters strotch out_joyous and splendid ; the riaing sun pours upon 1ts breast a long streamlet of gold ; the breczo covers it with scales ; its cddies stretch themselves, and trem- ble like nn awaking scrpent, and, when' the billow heaves them, you scem {0 aco the striped flanks, the tawny cuirass, of 3 laviathan, Indced, atsach moments it seems that the wator must Iveand feel; it la a strange look, when it comes, transparent and sombre, to atretch ifself upon 5 beach of pebbles ; it turns about them a4 if uneany and irritated ; it beats them with its waveleta ; it cov- cors them, then retires, then comes back sgain with a sort of languid writhing and mysterious lovinguess ; its anaky cddies, its littlo crests suddenly besten down or broken, ita wave, sloping, shining, then all at onco blackencd, rescmble the flashes of passion in an impa-~ tient motlier, who hovers incosszntly and anziously aboat ber chifldren, and covers thém, not knmow- iug what sho wanta or fears. Presently a cloud has covered the heavens, and the wind has risen. Ia s moment the river bas assumed tho sapect of a crafty and savage animal It hollowed itself, and showed its ivid belly ; it came against tho keel with convulsive starts, hugged it, and dashod agaiust it, as if to try ita force’; as far &s one could sec, ita waves liftod themselves and crowded togetber, liko tho muscles upon s chest; over tho flank of the waves pazsed Gashics withs sinwster smiles ; tle mast groaned, and tho treew bent shivering, like a narvaleas crowd be- fore the wrath of a ul beast, Then all was hushed; the sun had burst forth, tho waves were smoothed, you mow saw only s laughing cxpanee; spun out over this polished back, a thousaud greenish tressea sported wantonly : the light rested oo it, like a diaphanous mantle ; it followed ths supplo movements and tha twisting of those liquid arms; it foldod around thom, bohind them, its radiant, azure robe ; it took their’ capriccs and their motila colors; tle river meanwhile, slumbroua n_ita great, peaceful bed, was stretched outat the fect of the Lills, whichlooked down upon it, like it immovable aud eternal. In amusing contrast to the {ullness and finish of the above description is the appended extract from a journal of an ascent to the summit of the Pie du Miai of Bigorre = Botout in tho mist at 4 o'clock in the morning. The pastures of Tau through tho mist ; ono sees tho mist, The Lake of Oncot through the mist ; same viow, Howker of tho Fire-Bears, Saveral whitish or gray- 13h spota on a whitish or grayish ground. To form an ides of it, look at five or six wafers, of a dirty-white, stuck beliind a leaf of blotting-paper. Beginning of the stcep risa; ascent at & foot-pace; hed 1o tail of one another; thia recalla to me Leblare's riding-school, snd the fifty horses advaucing grace- fullyin the sawdust, each oue with his nose against the tail of the one before him, and iua teil against the nose of his foliower, a3 it used to bo on Tharsdaya, the school-day for going out and for the riding-lesson. I crudls myself voluptuously in the poetical remam- rance, Firat hour: View of the back of my guide and the hind-quarters of his horss, The guide haa a vest of bottlegreon velvet, darned in two places, on the right and on the left ; the horse is 3 dirty-brown, aud bears the mark of tho whip. Several big pevbles in the T meditato oa German philosophy. Tha viaw calarges ; I perceive the left 630 of the guids'a horse. Thateye i3 blind; loses nothing. Thrd hour: The viow Lroadens more, View of {he hind~quarters of two horses and two tourists’ vests 1iftecn feet above us. Gray vests, red gicdles, bereta, Tiey swear 2nd I awear ; that consoles us 3 little. ¥ourth hour: Joy and traasporia; galda prozalaes mo for tho summit the viow of a mex of clouds, Arrival: View of the sea of clouds. Unhappily we arc in tho clouds. Appearance that of a vapor-bath when ono i3 in the bath. Benetits : cold in the head, rheumatism in the feet, IJumbago, freszing,—siicn happizess 833 man might fool who had danced atiandance in aa sate-chamber without fire. And this beppens often | Twice out of threo times. The guides swear it does not. Herexwith we add tha gloriouscomparison that, Taino tells us, suggested itsolf to his mind whon ho saw tho sea for tho first time : It ws s morning in sutumn; flocks of purplish cloud dappled the sky ; a gentle' brocze covered tho seaswith littlo uniform waves. I scemed t0 seo one of thoso long stretches of best-root that are often found in the envirous of Paris, intersected by palches of green cabbages znd Lunds of Tusset bzley. At gifferont places on his route, our traveler boguiles his tedium by quoting copious passages from their past history. Theso are not unwel- come episodes, although, for the most part, thoy presont doleful visioud of the barbarity sad bratishness of tho most enlightaned nstions, & few centuries a; , Pastor Fourth Proabyte- pp. 291. Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co. Tt is the beantiful spirit of fove, and charity, snd humility, pervading tho teachings of Alr. Swing, which draws men's hearts aftor him. It is not as a theologian, a polemic, or & rhetori- cian, that he attracts them; but saa preacher of tho pare and simplo truths of Christianity. He ueges no creed of men’s devising, wnich must 1n its natare bo imperfect and inadequato to meet the endlers diversity of the human mird; but he enforcos the Gospel of goodness, and mercy, sud fraternity, which was dimly apprehended ages before tho ora of Christianity; which was announced in a nogative form by tho saintly Confucius; which was erystalized in & blind, groping potition by tho grest Plato; and which was perfected and embodied in tho life of the lowly Nazarene. Ar. Swing, spparently, does not caro to trans- form his hearera into Presbyterians, or sectari- ans of any particular sort; but into mpright, earnest, high-souled, liberal-minded, loving- hearted men and women. He does not vox him- sgu or them with much talk about the possibili- tios of eternity, which no one can certify until ho has gone out by himself into the darkness be- yond the grave, and sounded its mystery ; but he talks v!muly, discerningly, and impressively of lh_a things of time, which all can understand, and influence for good or bad. He docs mot wasto effort in bold, or subtle, or brillisnt con- ceptions of the attributes and purposes of the Deity; but ho busies himself with the lile, the aim, and tho doty of man. People go out from under Lis preaching with no stronger faith in humaa doetrines, but with 3 renewed belief in Divioe laws, zad a frosh sense of the beauty of right and truth. Thoy catch from bis discourss a new apprehension of the necessity and virtue of mutual tolerance, forgivencas, friendship, and reverence among men, and aro caveloped with a new and blesaed atmosphere of love and peace. It is the catholicity, born of the highest and the purest truth, that unites men of all croeds and of no creeds into one harmonious and Chrietian brotherhood around the palpit of Deyid Swing. ourtecn of tho sermons which he has proached to his congregation this past winter ara collected in tho volume before us. They are not chogen above others for any superior excelleace, butasa fair represontation of the thought and tvlo of tho man. Cbarity, the Golden Rule, ighteousness, Good Words, Faith, aad Immor- tal Lifo, are a few of the tles clharacteristic in themselves of the general intercst and practica- bility of their instruction. As ono eould not bear theee without being softened, swestened, bumanized, 80 is it in reading thern. Their in- fluence is lika thatof the dew on grassand flowere, purifsing and refreshing. book is ettractive in all its externals. No Eastern press could surpass it in its clear-cat type, smooth-faced paper, and tasteful binding. The works which have thus far been brought ous by the bwo leading publishers of Chicago have, in an Tespects, honored their on. Greek Syntax, eaterprizg EXERCISES TN SOME OF THE MORE DIFFicry, PRINCIPLES OF GREEK SYNTAX: ¥ NCE3 T THE GRauius or Crosny Goopwry, HapLrY, Koc, 4xp Kb R Borsr, Ph.D., 'Profawor In the b Wrri Rezry, Cumrcy By S Cuicago.” 13 'mo! pp. 147 Chicago: 8. . o 2 & Co. Tho leading features of this wo, same a8 those of Jomes’ “ Greek position,” published by the same x TX ara thy Pross Cog. House s yeyr or moro ago, and already oxtensively intr i into the best sciiools of the conntry, Ta:f:fff work, however, by Prof. Boiss, i8 intendsd g ‘more advanced pupils, who have already myg_ tered the elomentary principles of Greez g tax. Wo have observed with satisfactio, features not found in aoy previons work n threy + Fipy somo general rules, evidently prepared wy, great care, oo the errangement of wondsig, Attio prosc-sentence. We aro confident rules will prove a welcome guide to mu,-m:: ers, a3 well a8 to their pupils, who are ofte, plexed on points which are here magn T per. ol Secondly, every lesson contains an easy oy e, ercise. the modern languages. ‘Third] tobe written con:aias Soveral Latin tobe translated into Groek. Thus, enco in structure betweon the two elygy, This is in accordance with th commonly and usefully adopted in the udy o . oach exeios @ pleg gy BOL gy, the it languages of antiquity is more distinctty Apre bended, and the points of resemblanca carefally noted. Several of tho leading Professors in the country, both East bave nlready signified to the Bramayy Of Grasy and Ty, publishers tha inteution of adopting this work asa text.| T fact, it flls 8 place which was proviecs quite vacant, and, to all teachors sho aim st thy most advanced Greck scholarship, roliable aid. Mo other teacher of Greek in this pow living, has propazed 8o many taxi-bo; will provay couniry, Prof. Boiss; and all bave beon receivod —is marked favor. It is no light honor to th:lw:‘:i: ful Chicago that one of her sdopted hons iy giving instruction, throuzh his pablished works, in ono of the most difficult stadies, to the oldag and best schools of the country ; and the nj. versity of Chicago, with all its ambnnusmem' may well be enconraged by the fact that it has standard of scholarship which aids i the standard of tho outire Cannter, elevating The lsta Prof. Hadley onco remarked, in lette Eoise; It the principles shd mothods, '35.’::} have developed in tho Greek G in this country, in th TAMMAT prova; it will bo duo more to yom?: flucnce than to that of any other one man.” The_*“getting np” of this book is =uperh, Oxford and Leipaic may well look to their laurels. We have never bafore seon 8 Greck book with typographical execntior 2util Wo notice also with pleasure, on u{;‘z: t‘-‘:,rmx handsome print of tho Parthenon. This s bot amere ornament. It furnizhes most valuable inatruction, and is quitoin kecping With ths tastes and aimsof Prof. Boise, who ha3 com- plotely flled hia class-room with ivbotn';mphs“;:d other pictures fllustrating the art, and in genenal the life, of tho ancient Greoks, Both publisher and author deserva not thoy willachieve work. fie“ credit, and we doutt igh succesa with their nev Beecher en Agriculture. PLE.&SANT TALK ADOUT FRUITS, FLO FARMING. Ford & Co. By Hezcr WALD Exiers Edition. 13m0, pp. 105, New Yeb: & 5 Oun taking np this valn‘m. tho wondering query is, how aver in the world its raverend az. thor has managed, in his busy professiozal bfe, to get all this agricultural knowledge hesd, or when he has ever found the into his time ty write it out again. Tho topica are multitudings which he touches in the course of the work, snd they aro treated, not only with the shrewdnees and intelligence characteristic of the writer, bus with an accuracy and extent of inform ation that have come from deep resding and diligest ob- servation. Bat the mystery is solved in tho prefwe. There Mr. Deecher saya that, while living ia fne dianapolis, twenty years ago, ho wasin tho habid of preaching, for months in successioy, every day 1n the week, without & single intermision. ‘This might ba supposed a sufficiens tex forths intellect of & clerical Horcules. Bat, a8 8 recres- tion, or a sedative after tho excitement of ewh evening's sermon, Mr, Deecher felt s craving fx gome alterative reading. In casting about 1z desirable books,—in those books wern Jess plen- tiful than now,—lo came across Loud jon'’s Ea- cyclopadins of Horticulture, Agricaltnre, ad of Architectura ; and theso, with Lindley's Hogtic cultaro. Gray's Strnctural Botany, sud 8 Londes agricaltaral jourpal, wers his nighsly resort. He stadied these works, daring tho houra whes nervous excitation prevented slecp, untd their contenta wero learned of heart, and the founds tion was laid of that varied and intimate kzoak edze of Agricaltura, i has seemed 8o surprising 3 posses all its departments, whick 02 for 028 whoso pursuits woald ordinarily prevent sy se- rious acquzintanco with the science and prtin of_husbandsy. This di use of time, explai as material acquisitious. come eminent for learning. for ski nce in study, this economy n it tho Sccrot of meotal as we! The man who Las & for i ness aud proliciency of any sort, has noble simply endowed_with a superior faculiv, Bt has acquired and doveloped it by sovere sndrr tractod labor. The man who triumphs who works. Nature may have dune Lim, bat bo himself has dono more. is thezu muk & Wean admire and envy the talents by which o sigtl success is wroaght, it is idle to call them bt Thoy are attainments ; and only he who o them can tell now slowly and paiafallytiy have beon unfolded, and expaud Zruitfal and efiicicnt. niaced This volumo of Alr, Beecher's is n the work of a dilettante. It has an act for the practiced farmer. andedt ot sindf tual vast It discassos alss every conceivable subject bearing apon s cultire ; and in every caso gives somg ued lizht, somo useful hint, some item'of desrsiis information, desived from logitimsts theutic sources. There is a ence made plain and prastic: husbandman, and als0 & _grost common sense to add to his own. It B excellont contribution to the farmers Lbract, and every membor of his housshold will preat by its perusal, A Geolegical Primact. a}]:)qwcy. By Ascamsrp Guxs, LL D, T.ES irector of Seot 18mo., pp. 1f ouo desires to waken in the miad tho Geologiral Susvey of too difficult to engage s tender micd; treated in 8o exquisitoly stmple & manner that we really question have to tell, and bow much Do mada to roveal. It also does s still fal work by stimuiating the chi d':nfiw!‘d observation, and giving them active {ul occupation, . New York: D, Applelon :‘ C‘a.c w from 10 to 14 years a liviog imtercsy in the - ence of Geology, let him put this litl prin® into its hands. Thoe subject would seemtobt and entertaini3 it it yould et rival in charm * Robinsor Crasce.” It 0% go much beyond the elements of tbe a.:m::‘ but it teaches the clild what stories the that is wooderf and delightfal overy walk in & rocky region £ wd 3x oat dasd of s for the halp of t£0 doal_of sousd 2 most tiand, 6 bus i1 koo oodertsl moro B The toxt 18 illustrated with beautifal 8353 inge. Books Received. NO INTENTIONS: A Novrr. Dy Fro ®YATT, Authior of ¢ The Poison af Aspt." = New Yorx : D. Appleton & C0. ENGLISH PSYCHOLOGZ. Traoalated French of Tm. RIporT. ‘Hanreey—Jaes Yoo Heesenr SeeNczn—A Baci—G. B u-m—w;”; 12m0., PP 3% DAlLEY—JOHN STUART MiLL, York: D. Appleton & Co. LINCOLN AND SEWARD: zexes K3 s feom £ MimornL Appurss or CIURLES FAUICH. iy oN Tux Latz Wiiuu f. Sewaso, BY WerLes, ex.Socrstary of the Navy. Now York: Bheldon & Co. —_—————— THE LIGHT WITHIN. Said Tbu Abi Wakkoo, whose streng bow T.2id from afsr the Prophets foemea 107, 50 sure his arrows In their deadly flighty ‘Was amitten in his sge with lossof An he was led to Mecca, on the way him to The mea he passod entreated by cp:l! s To God for them. Whereat his ne, Feeling great pity for his blindness’ sske: “ Uncls, to-day make one thing clesrtome. Thou prayest for others, and aoehzumm 0"’ Why dost thon, then, remaia in thy night Wihy not implore Hizh to restoro thy sigh:1” “gon of my brather,” with a smils he uldd. And 1sid his band upon e stripling's be 41T soe not, God soes, and His decres Is dearer than the eyes with which I used —~2. H. Stoddard sn the Indes s el g b Wholesale SmotheriaZ: A fatal accident is reported !mmh” Indizcs, where Lady Napier and party encamped. It appears thal seveno tossa” ol saah p her sermsts beforo refiring for the night, b B oy o large charcoal fire. The night igein: opening in the canvas wag Cif afterwards foll asleep ; six of u:nn:nz‘ dead in the morning, aud tba s3Ve aince, fosz! e y