Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 5, 1874, Page 8

8 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, APRIL 5, 1874. e e e e e e TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE TEEMS OF SUBECRIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVAN Paty, by mail. 2 .8 Tri-Week Parts o asearat the sanie ratc. Toprevent delay and mistakes, be sure and gire Post 08 ceaddress in full, including State and County. ‘Remittarces may be made either bydraft, express, Post OfEce order, orin registered lettore, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUDSCRIBERS. Dafly, delivered, Sunday excepted. 2 cents per week. Dails, celivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearbora-sts.. Chicago, L. TO-MORROW’'S AMUSEMENTS. 'S THEATRE—Madison streat, between Pflz&%ssuu. Engagement of Jane Coombs. " School for Scandal.” HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Randoloh _stroct, between Clark and LaSalle. Engagement of Katherine Rogers. * Bomeo and Juliet.™ 4 ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted street, between Mad- ‘and Monroo. Engagoment of Ltts Henderson. tle Sanshine.* MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE- Monroe street, between czrborn and State. Arlington, Cotton, and Remble's ipstrels. Miastrelsy and comicalities. New burlesque ot ** Blown Up Alive. ADXLPHI THEATRE-Comer of Wabash svenue sand Congrens streot, Grand olio entertainment.: Zegrino, Moulton, Ajaxthe Defiant, ete. _Desplaines street, betwean Mad- Doetamty & Henglor's Combina. GLOBE VARIETIES. o6 oty entertainmant. ss0n and Was) tion, Robert e SOCIETY MEETINGS. MMANDERY NO. 19, K. T.—Members A0 e s anpess st (he Asylun; Sunday morn: are berel 2o0E"T0 orelock sharp, for the purpaso of L A .o rancral of our Jaio Sir Koight Deniel Miller. ‘Sister Commanderies and sisiting Sir Knighta o Gaviiad o, ationd. Tiv ordor of tho. I By ourteonly Iavieg 1o K SINCLALN, Recorder. CLEVELAXD LODGE, NO. 21, A £. & A. M. -The 1o asiemble . e raing mext ADri 53, at 10 Gelock, harp, st tend the funersl of our lato Yrother, Dan'Miller. Uni- form 2 thing, white gloves, and aprons. Por for; Dask clothiag, whitg, goet%h Firel W, ar ‘erds G50, K. Hazurrr, Secrotary. ORIENTAL LODGE, No. 3, A. F. & A, M.—Hall 122 LeSallo-st. Spectal communication * Monday evening, April ¢ Tor work on the Thizd Dagroe, “Vsitars cordlsliy y Master. Y farited. Byorder of tho Masier 1 Sk B, Socretary. MASONIC BOABD OF RELIEF—Regular meotin, Ponday evening, April 6, ut 73§ o'clock, in the Parlor ol Hall, No. 12 Lasal Sesdt "EDWARD COOK, Sec'y. CALEDONIAN CLUB—The ragular monthlv meeting yrill be held pext Tocsday evening at o'clock, i thelr Ba shington.s! L S 8E; Tourth Chiottata, CHICAGO COMMANDERY, NO. 13, K. T.—Stated conclave Monday evening, April 6, at ‘7:30 o'clock, for Vislting Sir Knights courtoously invited.” Bv business. Visl GEO. F. SINCLAIR, Recorder. i ordar of the E. M. Com. ELLIS LODGE, No. 41 . 0. F.—Meets evory Thursday ovening, at8 o'clock, at their new hall, €10 and AL me of ihe Order re- . CHISTER ST. JOHN, ‘Recording Secrotary, pro tem. Uhe Chicagy Tribune, SBunday Morning, April 5, 1874. BEALED WITH BLOOD. The New York Herald, in discussing the ques- tion of inflation, says : Infiation meane war—civil war pressed uponthe Atlantic States by the West and Southwest, We have heard agreat deal lately from those sections sbout awserting their power in the legislation of the country. 1f the West has votes enough to rule Congress and the country we are satisfied to be ruled by the West. But the wildcat statesmen of that incipicnt empire muat remember that it 8 one thing to rule, but quite anoth- er thing to ruin. Inflation is ruin, diskonor, disgrace The Wost shall not rule us in this thing, making us ‘beggars at home and disreputable abroad, We demand 1hat the West shall not legislato to the discredit of the Wation, issuing paper and calting i money, and isv_ ing more paper and calling 1 more mWoney, ucder the flippant pretense that the country needs circujazion. ‘Would pouring water into the hesrt send blood through the veins? Ehall the West be allowed to consummate this erime sgainst theouteries of all the old States which made the West what it is? Shall every Ameri- can who dares to ehow his face in Englind, or France, or Germany, or in Spain or Italy, ever bo dis- bonored because a fow Western demagogues have mzde it discreditable to bo an Americsn? Shall the commerce of our great seaports be stricken down and destroyed by a methiod that no country can prac- tice with impunity ? Other nations regard bullion s ‘mones—gold or silver—which has its intrinsic value, “whether it be stamped in tho name of the King or made into watches and rings and bijouteric ; Whereas wo take ‘the product of paper-mills and make it into money by the aid of the printing-presses in the Treasury Department. And we constantly re- mind ourselves of our dishomor bLy printing the portraits of some of our best financiers of the past on the wretched slips of paper which are the badges of our discredit. This thing cannot go on forever, making our disgrace and ruin deeper as it goes, and it is beat o understand the fssue before it is too late to avert it Inflation means war, just a3 slavéry meant war all tho Jme from 1840 till 1800, New England, the Middle Bates, Virginis, and the Carolinas do ot mean that, sfter laying the foundations of tho Republic, the West and Southwest shall ruin and discredit them and the Republic together. The IHerald’s prediction of the tread of armed men in 1801 was not more certain than a repetition of that prediction now, unless the newly- fledged States, which think themselves wiser than the “original thirteen,” learn wizdom from the danger of the hour, This article is true so far as it implies that s continnous inflation of the currency will result in the overthrow and destruction of the Govern- ment; but it is false in ihe assumption that it will result in a war between the West and the East. In proportion to the population, there are a8 many persons in Chicago opposed -to inflation 8 there are in New York or Bogton, Pennsylva- nis is to-day, in the persons of her speculators, her manufactaring corporations, and financial sdventurers, the great moving power in Con- grees and in the Executive Council in favor of inflation. That there are demagogues from tho West who favor inflation in orderito divert pub-~ lic attention .from the salary-prab and dther unpleasant issues is true, but the propor- Yion of intelligent men who clearly see the in- evitable effects of 3 wholesala inflation of the currency is a8 great in the Wastern States as in the East. There is fully &8 much at stake inthe West as there is at the East, and, if the time sver comes for fighting in defense of one’s prop- prty and savings, there will be os much fighting done hero at the West as there will be at the in two weeks, insist tpon forcing the country to this terrible issue. Senator Oglesby, perhaps, spoke prophotically when he referred to the Dational currency a8 boing * sealod with blood.” ‘WASTE OF PUBLIC MONEY. In the speeck of Mr. Starne, published in this Ppaper yesterday, the statement is made that, in the provision for State charities in Tllinois, there i3 at lenst one sslaried ofiicer or employe for overy four patients, and that the construction- account for buildings for the accommodation of the unfortunato shows that it Las cost $1,000 to provide house-room for each of the blind, mute, and insane accommodated by the State. Tbis, a8 we understand it, is tho cost of the buildings alone. Taking tho average of the homes of the people tbroughout tho Btate, 1,000 will more than cover the cost of the family residence. Tho cost of maintenanco for cach of the Btate's wards is not given, but, in the matter of building, there can be no com- plaint of » want of liberality. The tendency in East. The war will not be between sections. The fight will take place in New England as well 18 in Kangss, i New York 23 well as o Ilinois. When the time comes that 3 basket-fall of groenbacks will not buy s loaf 51 bread, nor a pair of shoes, nor a bucket of soal, then there will be fighting. The men who » few months sgo wero proclaiming the doctrine of the Internationals, that the first purpose of a Bovernment is to foed, and clothe, sud houso tho paople, are now backing Logan, and Morton, nd Simon Cameron, and the men from Virginia and North and South Carolina, in their demand for an abundance of *chesp monéy;” and when the time comes, as como it must, when the whole of this worthless trash ehall be held by the toilers and workmen, by tho Poor and neody, and no man will take it in ex- chango for bread or meat, what will Logan and ™, Morton bave to esy to the defrauded and stary- ing millions who hold the dishonored and valuo- + less paper called monoy ? Making paper a legal- tender will not cause it to exchange for bread. No man will give credit when he has to take rage in payment of tho debt. And what will happen next it needsno stretch of the imagination to conjecture. The war will not be by the Weat against the East, nor South against the North, but will be wherever there are men hoiding the national currency and unable to purchase with it enough food to keop them from starvation. And yet Senators, all such matters is ta extravagance. It scems to be accepted as a settled thing that, whon the Goveroment proposes to ercct a building for a particular purpose, such building should cost twice as much as if it were put up for a like pur- pose by privato capital. Thus, privato persons can put up & hospital capable of accommodating a given number of paticnts for one-half what the State or city can Lave the same work done for; and nine times out of ten the building erected for tho public is greatly inferior in every sense. The fact is that tho political morality of the dny concedes, to s great extont, the lawfulness of cheating the Governmunt whenever zn occasion offers. The practice has been general that, whenever a State has to ex- pend money to purchase sites and erect public buildings, the business becomes the -patronage of the political party i power. Honce none but true and tried Republicans (or Democrats) can be trusted with the selection of thesite, the lot- ting of contracts, and the handling of thé money to buld a school-bouse, » hospital, or an asylum for idiots. The expcuditure of money for the public is part of the plunder which is divided among politicians,'and heuce it costs the State 20 per cent to collect its taxes, and at least 50 per cont more to purchiase or erect & public build- ing thin the same would cost a private citizen. Another item in the expendituro for public char- ity is the vast number of ealaried persons to administer the charits. In an article published in this paper some time agogiving the items of cost in running a first-class hotel, wo reforred to the extravagance of modern hotel-life, which de~ manded one servant to every four guests in the house. Itseems that the State institutions for the ipsane, deaf and dumb, blind, and idiotic, have resched tho same point, and that it requires at least one person under salary for every four patients. After the liberal allowance of $1,000 for houso-room for each patient, the provision for the guardiznship, and care, and food of the unfortunate seems to be no less libersl. We had some years ago & State Penitentiary so man- aged that it cost $1,000 a day over and above its earnings to caro and koop an average of 1,000 prisoners, —that is to say, each prisoner ateup all he earned each day, and one dollar's worth be- side. For along time this monstrous abuso was defended ; it was 2 portion of the party patron- sge, and it was boldly declared that any attempt to chango the systom would be a failure, besides injuring the pafty. Finally, there was a'change, and now the institation pays its own expenses out of its own earnings. Whila we do not object to any proper expenditura for necessary build- ings for hospitals and asylums for tho insane poor, the blind, and the helploss, the tendency has been to extravagance, and these buildings have cost perbsps twice ns much as was necessary for the end accomplished. Waste- fulness is not liberality, and money thrown away uselessly is not charity. How far like extrava~ geaoce is practiced in the number of the persons employed to administer this charity, we do not Imnow, but it will be strange if there be no abuse in this particular. One difficulty that has marked our legislation on this public-building business is that the erection of a public building in one part of the Stato is followed by demand for an appropristion for a like building in some other part of the Stats. Because s Nor- mal School was erected at Bloomington, a Normal School badto be located in Southern Illi- nois. 8o the Insane Hospital at Eigin has been balanced by another at Anna ; so,to balance the State Industrial College at Champaign, there was sn institation started ot Irvington, and, afterthe removal of the State Prisonfrom Alton to Joliot, there follows a demand for another State Prison at Alton. If the-construction of these buildings, their management and control, could be sops- rated from politics, sud no longer made party patronage of, there would be & vast saving in the original cost, a8 well as in the annual ex- penditure for mgintenance, repairs, and exten- sions. THE DARGERS OF A CRUSADE. Those who have doubted that there are two sides to every question may be convinced by turning to the two communications on the Tem- perance Crusade, printed in another part of this paper. Each of these is written by & pure, vir- tuous, and religions woman. Yet oneis the very antithesis of the other. One approves, the other dieapproves, in the most decided manner. Each bears evidenco of themost sincere and con- scientious convictions. Both express the fond- est hope for temperance and social reform, bui one believes that the means adopted is radically wrong, while the other is 2s surely convinced that it is God-given and mandatory. The lady vwriters, both pious and fervid, do not lesitate, nevertheleas, to question themotives of their op- ponents; and it would probably be impossible to convince either that there is not some horrid deformity sbout the mental or moral composi- tion of the otber. Each, in her generosity, might Jook witk pity rather then contempt upon the other, and both could resdily trace fundamental errors in the education of each oth- er which would charitably sccount for moral defects in a character that might otherwise have been samirable. As it is, they can meet upon 1o common ground ; neither of them will admit that there is 3 common ground to meet upon. The conjunction of these two letters is a sample of the force which strong convictions and con- troversial habits are excrcising at the present day. The clash of anns is heard in religion, politics, socioty ; and every new occurrencs con- spicuous enough to attract the sttention of the people is tho signal for a new battle. The Woman's Temperance Crusads suggested the other day & word of warning to thoss who desire to keep sacred the communion between God and man, viz. : Not to undermine the popu- 1ar respect for prayer by 80 misdirecting it 25 to give it an appearance of inefficiency. It secms to us that there is still another warning taught by tho Crneade, viz.: Not to " 'clsiming $o bave mastared tis 83ien0e of finance | encourags the atrong conirovenial apiris of the day to open and hostile demon- strations. There is always danger in a crowd. When & man is pushed, it is natural to push back; and the ewaying snd purging of large masses of people frequently lead to riot and disaster. When the populace are unduly excited to unlawful and violent acts, it matters little whether the moving cause was prayer or blasphemy, patriotism or treason, exhortation or invective. Perbaps as many crimes have been committed under the name of religion as under the name of liberty. Good intentions dis- torted into fanaticism may be regponsible for as much injury to socicty and civilization as wicked thoughts and deeds. Governments have been overthrown, men have been burne® at the stake, desolation has been wrought in prosperous lands, families have been torn asunder, brother bas been arrayed against brother, and nations against nations,—all on account of what beliov- ers in Animal Magnetism call ¢ the exaltation of the senees.” It was only a few months 2go that the St. Bartholomew massacre Wwas re- enacted in Mexico. It was only a few wecks ago that s Commune was harriedly organized in Chicago which would have required but little more fuel to have broken out into the same wild, sweeping flames thnt consumed the people of Paris. The fire-brand is applied and Iynch-law is resorted to from time to time in communities that profess civilization, where excitation of the passions overcomes the control of reason. The sparks of fanaticism flash backward and forward among mon and women with all the velocity of electricity and still greater force. - The time has come to discourage what we call popular demonstrations in this country. The American character is composite; but there are evidences on all sides that the Anglo-Sazon heir- loom of phlegm will be overcome by a volatility and an excitability altin to the French cbarac- teristics, which are the products partly of our climate, partly of the form of our Government, snd partly of our social customs. The excite- ments of s camp-meoting, of » religions re- vival, of a heated political campaign, of labor strikes, of a Woman's Temperance Cru- sade, and other like demonstrations, are popular perils and 8b many mensces to our Government. The European Goverarhents have generally taken cognizance of tho danger threatened by this class of sensational epidomics, and try to squelch them at their very inception. When a dozen people gather in the streets of London a “hobby * tells them to move on; when two or three men put their heads together in the streots of Paris & brace of gensdarmes scparate them; the polica of Borlin are exceedicgly cautious bow they grant permits for public moetings; and so on." The freedom of speech and the night of petition are too firmly fized as principles of our Government to admit of such extreme exer- cise of suthority; mor is it in any sense desirable that it should be adopted hero. Bat it is all tho more necessary on this account that the people should guard themselves against the dangers of communistic excitements and fanat- ical demonstrations. The safety of republican institutions depends upon keeping cool. This is the very element which the French and Span- ish pedplolack. Tt is nocessary that tho Ameri- can people encourage aud develop moderation in all things, and discountenance and represa tur- bulence and blustef, The war made us moro susceptible to sensational influcnces than wo werobefore. We must avoid spasms and con- vulsions of everykind. They are infections and fatal. To s less extent, but somewhst in the same way, a crusade like thst which the women ‘have been making on ealoon-keepers in certain parts of the country is as dangerous 2a the demonstrations of an organized Commuse. MEDICAL OPINIONS CORCERNING ALCOHOL. Dr. Edward Curtis, a prominent physician and chemist, and teacher of materia modica snd therapeutics in one of the colleges of New York, has written a letter to the New York Tribune upon the question Is alcohol p poison? His position upon this subject will undoubtedly sur- prise those who have oxamined the question and have accopted the very generally believed theory that alcohol is a poison and not an article of food, capable of being absorbed by the sys- tem and imparting nourishment toit. Tho oc- casion of Dr. Curtis’ letter is an extract from Dr. Holland's reply to Archbishop Purcell's re- cent staiement that he could not object to aday- laborer's restoriug his exhausted strength with 8 glaws or two of beer. To this Dr. Holland an- swered : 1 may here inform the Archbishop that the alcohol that the hodmen aro too fond of will not give them strength, for God in His wisdom has so arrznged the 6ystem that s soon as man in his ignorznce drinks wine, beer, cr any kind of Hquor containing the pol- son alechol, it is ejected just s it went into the sys- tem, without any change. This being tbe caze, I do not think there ia any strength to be had from aloo- hal, In soswer to this Dr. Curtis shows that the Iatest rosearches in pbysiological chemistry have placed the action of alcohol in & new light, which completely overthrows such sweeping assertions g those made by Dr. Holland. Tke substance of the facts which Dr. Curiis presents is as follows: Alcohol when drunk is not eject- od from the system unchanged, except ir trifing amount when tsken in an intoxicating quantity. On the other hand, it is wholly trans- formed in the system, and, by the nature of its chemical composition, * it is capable of yiclding force which can be used by the economy to do life work.” Inother words, within & certain limit of dose, alcohol 18 transformed like ordi- pary food in the system, without pro- ducing any injurious effects, and, as it yields wuseful force, it may be con- sidered an article of food which tends to restore health. If taken im groater quantity than can bo utilized 2a food, Dr. Curtis agrees that alcohol acts &8 a poison. Alcohol thus has o douple action. Tiret, it can be used as an article of food, producing force without disturb- ing the normal fanctions of the body ; snd, sec- ond, it may act a8 & poison and be followed by dopression and'a distarbance of the normal func- tions, instead of force. To the question which will inevitably occur to every reader, as to the limit of the action of alcohol as food and & force-producer, Dr. Curtis says : This question cannot bo answered eatogorically, for it 50 happens that the “ poison-line,” as it has been aptly called, is a shifting one. Even in health it varies according to age, sex, individusl peculiarity and habit, and even in the sume peraon according to his physical condition for-the time Leing. When fatigued by bodlly or mental work'; when suffering from emotional sgitation, as andety or fear; when worn by loes of sleep, of blood, or by pain, amounts of alcobol which ordinarily would flush the face and somewhat confuse the mind, will be borne by the same perfon Without pro- ducing the slightest symptom of intoxication; the whole effect of the drink being expended in relieving the pre-existing malalqe, and restoring the svatem to its normal condition” And ‘n more formsl morldd states, 33 in many diseases, the poison-line often shifts to aa astounding degres, 50 that what would in bealth produce even dangerous drankenress will be borna without eausing the least intoxieation; the whalo of the alcohol baing spparently utilized by the iyziam Loz sbiaining the life-aving susrgy which this fluid, from its swift abeorption snd resdy chemical change in the blood, ezn so quickly yield. The most surprising statement made by 'Dr. Curtis, however, is that every person is produc- ing alcohol in his own still, insemuch as late re- searchies make it more than probable that a cor- tain amount of alcohol is regularly formed 1n the animal economy, since s substance answering all the tests of alcohol has been detectedin small quantity as an ingredient in -the " blood and secretions of animals and men who have taken no alcoholic drink for vears. A virtnal indorsement of Dr. Curtis’ theories may be found in the fifth anneal report of the Massachusetts Board of Health. In the paper on Preventive Medicine, Dr. Bowditch, Chair- man of the Board, says: Under judicions guidance, wine, and even stronger liquor, may be occasionally used by the of both scxes, when from some cause thero south is evident debility, and consequently there may seem to bo some resson for their use. . . . Advance being made in life, the only chango I would saggest for one in adult life and pre- disposed to consumption i the more constant daily temperate use of sherry wine, of cider, beer or sle, or some of the coarser liquors. Nature seems to need s stimulus of this kind, and responds gently to it A cortain quantity should be sdhered to, For example, after perhaps 50 or 40 years of age, two glasses of sherry wine, or an equivalent in beer or any alcoholic liquor, may be generally used with advantsge, Life will be made more vigorons snd cheerful, Those fucts invest the temperance question with 3 novel iterest. Tho old theory that alcohol is an absolute poison, and therefore is not only worthjoss in the system, but destructive to it, bas been the foundation, and, at the same time, the stumbling-block, of the temperance move- ment for years. If, however, it shall eventuate that aicohol is, within certain limits, a force- producing food, capablo of strengthening and nourishing the body, and thet it is a natural production of the animal economy, then the theory of the total sbstinence advocates of course is overthrown. Asthe theories aanounc- ed by Dr. Curtis, and practically applied by Dr. Bowditch,will be critically oxamined by otheraun- thorities, there is no reason why temperance peo- vlo should be slarmed; snd, as the question is » purely scientific one, there is no reason for them to be alarmed even if Dr. Curtis’ theo- ries ehould be proven true, unless tho cause of temperance can be endangered by the truth. On the other hand, there is no reason why & well man should take to drinking whisky because al- cohol may be food. It may be added that, since the publication of Dr. Curtis' letter, some other New Yorlk physicians bavo expressed their views. Dr. Meredith Clymer considers alcohol a doubt~ ful food, and an sagent enormously abused as medicine. Dr. A, L. Carroll regards it s the lowest food among the bydrocarbons. Dr. ‘Willard Parker, President of the Now York State Inebriate Asylum, says it is no food at all, butis of value 28a medicine and condiment ; while Dr. William A. Hammond cousiders it as an ac- sessory food, and of service in preventing waste of the tissues. ADAM'S RIB. The prevailing characteristic of tho present era is the mania for riding hobbies, and the car- vettings and caracolings of some of these varie- gated animals are peculiarly distressing to the staid old orthodox steeds which never wander out of their pastures or kick up behind. The ‘most remarkable bobby which has come pranc- ing into the public view has just been mounted by a Pennsylvania philosopher. He sets forth bis views upon the Woman question in the Lancastor’ Herald; sud, if there are any spirited women in his vicinity, it is more than likely that they have made it quite lively for the old gentleman beforo this. The ancient Stoics hold that man isa detached fragment of the universal Spirit, or Creator, to be rounited therewith after death, but losing his identity. Our Pennsylyania philosopher puts woman one remove farther from the universal Spirit. He argues that, as woman is part of man, having originslly been taken from him while ssleep, in tho form of a rib, 50 she becomes a part of man again and loses her separate existence after denth. Hosays: ‘Woman is the offspring of man in his pristine stats of celibacy while sound asleep. Therefore she is not a separate entity or an original creation, but the coun- terpart of man, coming back to him in death, as clinging to him in life, and vanishing in eternity 28 dreams by daylight. Hence it is that the Bcriptures speak of man s having dominion, command women t0 Keep silence, and never represant angels in the ca- Ppacity of femalea, This is not the worst! In elucidating his thecry he becomes veryungallant, and speaks of woman a8 the somnambulistio rib of man, ‘ though often apparently & terrible reality.” If the philosophor's experience had been as variod 58 that of some men, the “ apparently terrible reality ” would have been to him an actual reality. There aro not wanting numbers of women who are anything but somnambulistic ribs. For instance, Susan B. Anthony as a som- nambulistic rib is an idea which it is impogsible to contomplate, or even conceive ; but s a terri- ble reality it is possible to form s very vivid idea of her ; and when Miss Anthony gets hold of the Pennsylvania philosopber and his theory that she will be eventually swallowed up in some mascaline identity, she will probably convince bim, not only of her reality, bat also of the ter- ror of her reality. The part of tho philesopher's theory, however, which will give him the most trouble is the cool manner in which he obliter- ates tho female element from the next world. The philosopher evidently fears this, 28 he says, by way of compensation : She may be consoled with the thought that, as she 15 0t made of tho dust of the earth, but was eliminat- ed from & living body by the hand divine, the same great power will preserve the soul with whigh he en- dowed hor in the same miraculous manzmer with which 1t was given to that fairer form it ennobles Lere below. . ‘This i3 very handsome on the part of the phi- losophor, bnt it enegests a poasibility that will not bo coneoling to the average man. A Heaven flled with male angels, male cherubs, and male seraphs, is not a very pleas- ing prospect. As thers is & fearful gearcity of male angels, cherubs, and seraphs on earth, whero is tho material to come from? There is another possibility which the philosopher has not contemblated. There sre numerous women who are not better belves. In what men are these unfortunates to be merged, and are they to have any choice of the men they are to be merged into Leresfter, or are they swallowed up haphazard? In the latter case, it is distrecging to contemplate the incongraous mixtures which may happen, as, for instance, some gentle, unoffending women dwelling here- after and through all eternity in some old bruiser or shoulder-hitter, or some mild, innocu- ous man carrying about with him forever a ter- m;\gmt. & sour old maid, or & designing widow. The philosopher’s theory is a bitter pill to gwal- low, and we presume very few will take the dose. He will be left to cauter about alone on his hobby, which is at loast harmless, even if it is & Little ridiculous. ———— Prof. Patton's Presbytorian Scminary gradu- atod Last weok, with s greas figurish of trampets, the large number of six students. The Presby- terian Church of the Northwest is one of our largest and most prosperons denominations, and this beggarly showing sufficiently indicates tho estimation in which they bold the teachings of Bro. Patton. They do not want their sons to be educated as mero hunters of “soteriological beresy,” but aspreachors of the Gospel of their Master. If the Inferior would slso make sn exhibition of its net earnings, its hold upon the Presbyterian Church would doubtless be fonnd to be equally meagre and contemptible. TILTON’S REPLY T0 THE COUNCIL. Mr. Theodore Tilton, through the columns of his paper, the Golden Age, has commented upon the proceedings of the recent Congregational Council, but throws no new light upon the charges against himself and Plymouth Church which led to calling the Council together. The most of the article ia devoted to a personal dec- laration of the right of & member to separate from his church by his own sole act—which amounts to nothing at all. It is merely Mr. Til- ton's opinion against the opinion of the Council. With regard to the charge of slandering Mr. Beecher, which was the very basis of the Coun- cil, Mr. Tilton confines himself to one point—a point having really no public interest, although it may possess some interest to himself and Ply- mounth Church. He says: The imaginary caso 1aid befors the Council was that of & church-member charged with bearing falso wit- ness against the pastor, and declining to answer the charge. But, in the real case, the alleged member was not s member, nor did ke bear false witness, nor did he decline to snswer; and, moreover, instead of belng » slanderer, he wsa, and still ig, the person chiefly slandered. . . . Mr, Tilton was indeed charged with an offense, as the Council hero stste; ‘moreover, he appeared in person in Plymouth Church 88 ia 8180 here stated ; but he did not appear there for any such insuficient, frivolous, and evasive purposs 28 eimply to reply to & grave charge againat him by the faint plea that he bad been absent for four years. ‘What he went there to say in person—and what he did say—was, not merely that he had been absent for four years,—which would have been » mean man's base de— fense,—but that, having besn stigmatized us a alan- derer, he waa theru to answer openly to the 12an whom he was alleged to have slandered, This is ali Mr. Tilton has to offer with regard to the elander charge, and, like his views of membership, it eimply amounts to nothing. The question is, Did Mr. Tilton circulate slanders against Mr. Beecher? If he did, then heshould have been expelled from tho church and from any decont community, If he circulated trath concerning Mr. Beecher, then Mr. Beecher should be expelled from the pulpit as a hypo- crite and a depraved man. If he did not circu- Ilite any stories at all, then 3Mr. Tilton should bo given a letter from the church. As there is no evidence to show what he did do, the slanders 6till remsin unanswered, and the cloud rests upon Plymounth Church eince the meeting of the Council, as it did befors, not- withatanding the recommendation of the Council that the two New York churches should continue fellowship with Plymouth Church, because the Intter made concessions in & matter of church form. If, after the Council has left it optional with Drs. 8torrs and Budington to demand an investigation of the charge against Mr. Theodore Tilton, they continuein fellowshipwith Plymonth Church without making the demand, what did they call the Counecn! for? THE DECLINE OF DEBATE. Bpeaking is going out of fashion. The disap- pearance of the unfortunste bird which was compelled to spread itself sll over the country every Fourth of July is by no means sn un- mixed evil. It marks the decline of oratory, but it also marks the decline of the demagogue. ‘When, howerer, this disregard of debate reaches Congress, the evil becomes serions. Congress is meant for a debating-club, and ought to be one. Year by year it is less so. Speech- making is sncered at. Speeches are made to empty benches. Even when they are made to full ones, they change few votes. It has even become fashionable to acause 8 man of being impracticable, a doctrinaire, & theorist, etc., etc., if he has really studied the subject on which he speaks, and to calmly disre- gard his advice because he has taken care that it gball bo good advice! Our Washington corre- spondent put this neatly when he said, a few days ago: ‘‘Such is Congress—the ideas all one way and the votes the other.” The decline of debate is shown not only in Congress but in the reports of Copgresa. Mr. Beck or Mr. Dawes may make an admirable speech on finance or revenue, and the telegraph pats it into twenty lines ; but if Mr. Beck glares at Mr. Dawcs, or Mr. Dawes glowers at.Mr. Beck, or if anybody says eharp things at the ex- pense of anybody else, every paper has the full- ot dotails of the interesting event. The causes of this change in our customs are varions. Itis easy for careless hearers to have too much of & good thing, when that thing con- gists of speaking. The sbuses of debate bave done much to Kkill it. ~ The rapid growth of the press has intorfered with speech- making, by so educativg the mass of the people that the average orstor can teach them little or nothing. The caucus is the deadly foe of debate. As it gained strength, speaking of course lost strength. Why harangue s lot of men who have pledged themselves, the night before, to do & certain thing, no matter what is gaid sgainst it ? The lack of s powerfal opposition in Congress, gince 1861, has also dis- couraged debate. Tho minority could pass no 1aw, no matter how powerfully they spoke. The msjority conld pass any law they wished, without taking tho trquble to speak. The War, too, gave men in power a'contempt for the slow process by which debate hammers ont decision. Constitution and Congressional custom were alike strained. Civilians copied after soldiers. Grant beat Les by massing his regiments and crushing opposition by aheer weight of numbers. His tactics wero transferred td the halls of Con- gress. Asthe two parties grow more equal in stroogfh, however, we may expect to sco argu- ment once more duly respested. Then stady will not be thought to be a disqualification for statesmanship, and the power of resson will be miightier than the power of the caucus. THE CULSE OF CHARITY. ‘When New York City, during last winter, fed ber poor with such prodigal generosity that beggars swarmed to the city from every part of the East, we predicted that the givers wonld in- crease the evil they foolishly hoped to curs, That prediction has been verified. The poor have been taught shiftlessnees. They have grown to like living on charity, and to dislike work. They were fed, last winter, because they conld not get work. Now they ate fed because they will not take it. The Froe Labor Burean, the Industrial School, and similar institutions are in daily receipt of letters offering situations, but they can find nobody to fill them. The New York World publishes three letters from per- eons living near New York, all of whom have tried 1n vain to get anybody to do housework or needlsworkdor them. Thers are numberless cases of persons who refuse to do anything, ferring to live as pensioners of the different charities, Itis shameful that thoy shonld be allowed to do so. The President of the Indus- trial School sketches s typical case thua: ‘We had a womsan spply to us for sssistancs, We helped her, and in the meantime secured her o place near Greenwich, with light work snd good wages, aud she would not go, thongh all the time requiring help from us, Finding she would not work, we refused to help her any longer, and ebe now receives money from a charitable soiety to pay for her room, and lives by begging. This charitable society, in other words, is di- rectly encouraging begging. It is but little worse, however, than the rest. They nearlyall encourage it indirectly. The Elizabethan law for the rclief of paupers has been a prolific source of pauperiem in England ever since its enactment. We tax ourselves millions every year for the sake of teaching others the shift- lessness they are tooready to learn in any event. ‘We train up the young in pauperism by giving them broken victuals at our doors, which they may sell to a second-class restaurant two blocks off. In dozens of ways, we Bay to the lazy: “Don't trouble yourselves to work; we will take care of you." Can anything bemore demoralizing o a sober, steady workingman than the sight of a lazy lout who does nothing and yet fares as wellas he? ¥ a man will not work who can, he ought to die. Tha fact that he is now alive gives him no right to demand tnat society ghall keep him alive. Let him care for himself. Thero is notning hard-hearted in thus decrying the common methods of charity. Itis the highest humanity to point ont the fact that by help- g people who will not help themselves » man does his best to condemn them and their children tos life of pauperism,—s life worse than death by starvation could be. The change of Government in Naples reduced the number of beggars one-half, by sending the other half about their business. The one safe way to give charity is to help people to help themselves, Aid them to get an education, give them work, encourage them to open co-operative shops and stores, do anything and everything which will result in their getting something by their cwn honest toil, but never give something for noth- ing without careful investigation. The rule has too few exceptions to notice. ART. THE OLD MASTERS AND THEIR PICTURES. FoR THE UsE Of BCHOLARS AND LEARNERSIN ADT, By Sauan TYrLER. 16 mo., pp, 363, Boston: Eob- erts Bres, MODERN PAINTERS AND THEIR PAINTINGS. Dy Sanur Trreen, Author of The Old Masters.” 16 mo., pp. 362. Boston: Roberts Bros. Out of the lives of the famous painters who havae flourished sinco the revival of Artin the fourteenth century, with descriptions of their most important works, Miss Tytler has woven 8 delightful narrative. It is addressed directly to the reader, in the friendly, familiar manner of a conversation, and is kept easily within his understanding by 0 omission of everything like learned criticism, or the technical language of the echools. An abundance of lively anecdote is constantly employed to refresh the attention, while the interest and value of the facts present- ed farnish a supstantial reward. Miss Tytler rangea the painters according to their time, country, andrank in Art; and so they follow each other in chronological scquence down to the presont honr. At the beginning of the long, illustrious line, numbering nearly 200, stands : GI0TTO, who was born near Florauce, in 1267. Up to his time, Italian Art was scarcely worthy of ihe name. The Lnowledge of Anatomy, which had been the glory of the old Groek artists, was well- nigh gone, and, in consequence, drawing and form were altke untrue. The difficulties of fore- shortening had mot been mastered; the re- sources of landscape-art had not been discover- ed ; while theides of portraiture had not yet dawned on the mind. But, when Giotto came, he breathed a new spirit into painting, and woke itinto life. He it was who first painted the soul as well ss the body, who expressed men's passions in their faces, and gave his figures, in ontline, tint, and attitude, the actnal semblance of life and motion. This was an immense sd- vance in Art, and entitles him who made it to be ranked as the founder of the earliest Italian school. Of Giotto the pleasant legend is related that, ‘when Pope Boniface VIIL., desiriug to choose a painter for the decoration of St. Peter's, sent out among the artists for specimens of their skill, he, with one swift, careless sweep of the hand, drew a parfect circle in red chalk, and dis- patehed it 08 a proud example of what he coald do. It won the imperial favor and the commis- sion for Giotto; while the incident was perpetu- ated in the Italian proverb, “Round a8 the O of Giotto.” Of the paintings which have survived Giotto, the allegories in the Church of Assisi, the fres- coes in the Church of the Carmine at Florences, and the lately-recovered portrait of his friend Dante, attest the power aod insight of his ge- nius. But the work by which he is most widely and Tovingly remembered is the bell-tower of the Florence Catbedral, THE MATCHLESS CAMPANILE. Mra. Nathaniel Hawthorne, who had » sur- passing gift for word-painting, and was an en- thusiast in art, thus describes the tower, in her # Notes in England and Italy: ™ 1should not bava supposed that a squsre tower could be beautiful ; but the Campanile is exceedingly 50,—all in mosalc, fike the Duomo, and nearly 300 fost bigh, Itrises alone, quite disconnected from the Caihedral, and is, st the same time, grand and beanti~ ful. One of my pocrless old masters, Giotto, was ita architect, and he designed to have o flamo-like-spire on ita zummit. I do not know why it is not there ; for I think it would be now, if it climbed into the heavens like fire,—though to add to it woud bo_ like 1 palntiug the rose,” and certalnly 20 one should daro to finish Giotto's work. As he left it, so let it remain, Xow can it have such indefinable ,—o straight toweras it {s7 Giotto must have diffused his apirit through the stones and lines. Ome of its bells rang oat 13 we passed,—- deep, round, liquid sound, which immediately made me think of the bulbul's note, was music dropped throngh water,—a novel, pecaliar, and a sublime tcne, worthy of Gictto’ Campanile, 1t ST a5iat, pate Flobe Of Talodsy snd Arompedsiop. 1ng tnio the sel of space, AR et Immediately after Giotto eame Pisano, Or- cagos, Ghiberti, Masaccio, and Fra Angelico,— A DEVOUT BROTHERINOOD OF PAINTERS, who practiced their art in & spirit of the most humble earnestness, solemnity, and heedfalness. Ghiberti was the artist who, after Pisano, wrought forty-nine yoars, *with infinite dili- gence and love,” to complete the wonderful bronze gates of tho Baptistery at Florence,— those gates which Michael Angelo procounced ‘* worthy to be the gates of Paradize.” And Fra Angelico was tho gentle, saintly monk, who took up his brush esch dsy with prayer and fasting, and is said to have painted on his knees, 80 reverent was his regard for the holy subject he treated. He was fioally found dead at his better even than it is “easel, with a comploted pictare before him. At the death of Fra Angelico, in 1455, Italian Att wes divided into many schools. Their chief representatives were the Eellini brothers, Gen- tile Pnd Gian, of Vonice, whose paintings were distinguished for their wonderfully rich and la- munous coloring, and whose MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PUPILS were Titian and Giorgione; Montagne, of Padua ; Ghirlordsjo, of Florence; II Francia, of Bologna ; Fra Bartolommeo, of Florence, an- ?nm picus artist-monk, not unlike Fra Angel- ico in nature and inspiration, but uahappily born in a stormy and inzuspicious period ; and, lastly, Andrea del Sarto, also of Florence, who suffered his genius to be impaired and degraded, and his life to become dishonest and wretched, by the influence of his besatiful bat base-souled wifo. The lives of these men lead us up to the four mval Art : Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Titian. The genius of LEONARDO DA VINCT possessed & many-sidedness beyond all 1i of his day. Not only was he a painter, a seq, tor, an architect, and an engineer, but by also a philosopher, & man of Bcience, an im‘m ‘visatore, and an inventor. While he wuxk:;: his art, he sedulously studied Physics, and my, ymrve:elu' discoveries or predictions of trml in Chemistry, Botany, Aetronomy, and Anator,; Butitis questionable if such versatilicy ig gy Qudve to the highest achievement. Concentga. tion, rather than diffusiveness, is essentia] toty Ioitiest performances. o Leonardo is reckoned one of the thres or four greatest painters of Italy; but he might hngy outranked them all had he not divided hiz attention among many diverse pursuita, Ag iy was, the life of the proud, passionate, ag. piriog man was in many respects a failany and a mortification, So many aims came Withiy the scope of his intellect—he was tempteq te reach excellence in 8o many different directions_. thst the utmost goal of his ambition elnded him everywhero. His greatest painting, and ona ¢y the grandest ever produced, was *The Lagt Supper,” with which good copies have magy everyone familiar. Like Michael Angalo and Raphuel, Leonardo da Vinei was never marmieq, When Leonardo died, iu 1519, at the age of ¢7 Michael Angelo was already 44 years old, and m; rival in art and fame. Neitherof the two e, conscious as both were of mighty gifts, conlg gently brook competition; and tho bitter sa. .casm, “I was great before you wers born,™ which Leonardo once hurled at his opponact betrayed the discord between them. ' ‘When we have mentioned . ICHAEL ANGELO we have named one whose genius touched the limita of buman exaltation. His talents werg less manifeld, but more masaive, than thoss of Leonardo. And still he was variously endowed, snd, in the domain of Painting, Scalpinra, Architectare, and Postry, executed some of thy poblest work the world has ever seen. His Lifs waa like his art, simple, severe, solemn, sub- lime. Ho stood alone among men, isolafed by his genius and the austerity of his vistues, “I heve no friends,” he once said; “I pes] none; I wish for none;” and yet it wasin the feeling that he stood ‘‘alone befors Heaven.” ‘The human eide of the mightiest touches earth, and requires the support of sympathy and fra. ternity with mankind; and Michael Angels cone fessed yearning for companionship in his son. nets. Not until be was verging upon old age did the love and tendernesa of bis naturs find & fitting object to rest upon. ~When he was 64 yesss old, he met the noble znd beantitul Vittoris Coloana, who was then & widow, and in the decline of life (she was 48, but still lovely in person as well as character) ; and, for a brief decade, the pure sud faithful friendship between them was to hims priceless satisfaction. One of the most touching incidents in all history is the confession of tay bereaved and solitary man, years a’ter Vittoris's death, that he had never ceased to mourn that by did not kiss her forehead and cheeks a8 well ay her hand, when he went to her at her last hour. The sorrowful regret pictures a life sincululy desolate of the common solaces of affecticn. But Michae] an' RAPHAYL, the contemporary of Michael Angelo, was, like Mendeissohn, the famons musicisn of & later day, formed to win and enjoy the love-of all about him. His was the ideal life of an artist,— gay, bright, sensuons, and splendid. He earned fortune, and renown, and friends; and when he died, o his 26th birthdsy, all Bome ar.d Italy mourned for him. There is a tradition that TITIAN, the grestest painter of the Venetian school, ‘made his first trial in painting with the juice cl flowers. Certain itis, that, when he lad per- fected his art, hLe transferred their outlines and bues to his canvas with exquisite sccuracy, Titian lived to be 99, sud to the Iast praserved his wonderful sldll. The pictures he painted just prior to his death are still grand in aubject and glowing in color. After these four eminent artists had passed away, there was s GRADUAL FALLING OFF IN ITALIAX ART. Itis true that Giorgione Correggio,—who exalt- mngly exclaimed, after first looking st the St Cecilia of Raphael, *And I too am a painter,— Tintoretto,—nicknamed * 11 Furioso™ from, tks rapidity and recklessnesa of his manner of paiot ing,—Paul of Veronese, Guido, Domeichino, and Salvator Ross atill in & measure upheld the prestige of Italian Art. Bat they and their fel lows were no longer inspired by a high rclgiom fervor. They did not count themselves conse crated to their art. They =2spired wmerely ta technical excellence, to transient eminence, ot to financial success; and tho schools gredually declined into mannerism and exaggeration., IN TIIE LOW COUNTRIES, Art had a history similar to that thromgh which it passed in Italy, with somewhat lster dates and a larger interval for dovelopment. Iz the fourteenth century, the Van Eycks gained celobrity by being the firat to use oil in plsce of size in their colors. The invention was msdeby Hubert, the elder of the three brothers. Froz their time on to the seventeenth contury, Fiezis art is illustrated by the works of w4 Memling, Quentin, Matsys, Bembraadk Teniers (father and son), Wouvemsod, Cuyp, Paul Potter, and Comelns Do Heen. To nons of these have wa spscs 0 give special words, although thers is much in theif history and art that ws could dwell npon with interest. IN GERMANY, Art owed ita rise, in the last of the fifteanthsnd the begioning of the sixteenth comtury, Al brecht Durer. Heis called the father of Ger- man painting, and there is a good deal in the homely honesty, simplicity, and strength of tho man and his work, to attach va to bim. He bad many crosses to bearin his lifo: early pove:j— he was one of eighteen childron,—and an oo+ happy marrisge—his wife was » shrow 12d 3 miser; but he did not let these trials thwatt hi3 aims, lessen his manliness, or destroy hia prace- He fonnd comfort in his art sod suppor iu b patience and integrity. Durer enjoyed, whil® living, the patronage of the Emperor Maximi ian, and the love and estocm of his country-3- and, since his death, his name has been easalled with the firat painters of any country or Hme. BPANISH ART, from ita dawn to the time of Velasquez, in ibe seventoenth century, had been severely devo- tional and formal; but, through the influencs of this one original and powerfal mind, its boads were Joosened, and it became fros, animated, i spired, and humanized. To 2id in ita elevatio Maurillo, tweaty yeara later, joined his flbfl‘ with those of Velasquez, and the two, in 0 friondiiost mannor, iabored to raise paigtig B Spain to a condition of eminence. The punters who have reflocted the highttt bouor upcn the EARLY AT OF YRANCE aro Nicolas Poussin, who was born in 18 Claude Lotraine, who at one time enjoyed th¢ highest reputation, which Turner aod Buski? Bave since- done much to reverss; Chatles &£ Prup, who was in the utmost favor with b Royal master, Louis XIV., and with the infled tial of his day, but who has row declined low i the opinion of critics; Watteau, who painted “twell-bred and well-spparoled people,” and 3 rayed them in groups with an art that wad e cnedingly pretty, but utterly sonlless; 3% Greuze, Who was a ghowy and clever painter gonre pictores. TUE ¥IRST ESGLISH ARTIST who wom popularity was Sir Jamés Thorabill,¥29 flouriched between 1676 and 1794. Whon 8 ’f‘ told his painting was actually paid for at ther® 0140 ehillings per yard, wo may judgeof B2 amount of brains that entered into its compos” tion. Yet he grew rich, and was knighted GeorgsI. But the name with which Eoglis3 eantral, oolossal figuiros in the history of masdi- | Ars raally began ia that of Hogath, who