Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 5, 1874, Page 2

2 RAILROAD NEWS, Annual Report of the Chicago & Alton Road. The Gross Earnings Were 86,497,640, © - - The Not Earnings Nearly 13 Por Cont Moro Than Last Year. Discussion of the Workings of the (lli- nois Railroad Law. Present Transportntion Oharges Declared Not Exorbitant, The Chicago & Millington Road. Meetlng at Springfield in tho Interests ¥ of the Forticth Parallel Road. & CHICAGO & ALTON ROAD, THE ANNUAL REPONT. At tho annual meoting of the Dircctors of tho Chicago & Alton Railroad, hold two weoks ngo at tho oftico of tho Company, Nos. 2 and 4+ Wost Van Buren streof, President T, B. Blackstone submittad the following report for tho year ond- ing Doc. 81, 1873: LINES OPERATED, ‘Tho oxtont of tho sovoral lines oporated dur~ ing tho yonr ia tha samo a8 at the:closo of the proceding yoar, to wit: Ohitcago o Jollet gflm?""”“ cersarsanenss S8 Jolict to East Bt. Louis (owned by your Company)243 Dwight to Washington, with branch to Lacon, = Total mlles . ... ’ 'The capital stock 1( the Company romaina tho samo as lnst roported. Ata lmmtiugl of stockholders hold at Chicago on the 10th of* Soptomber lnst, it waa uusi- mously voted to anthorizo tho issuc of a consol- [dated mortgage limitod to $8,000,000, or £1,~ 500,000, in ordor to retire and cancel the prosent bonded indebtoduess of the Company, aud to furnish the meaus of procuring stoel rails, doublo tracks, rolling stovk sund transportation [acilities so a3 to provido from time to time for sonducting an increased traflic with the groatest degroo of economy. s The consolidated mortgage thus authorized by tho stockholders was excoutod on tho 1st of Oc- tober Jast to the United States Trust Company, of Now York, Trustac, and £300,000 of 6 per cont thirty-year bonds woro sold. traflion o v oo SL3T045T1 Feom passenger trafllc, 310,425 Erom frelght trafllc, .. 40T, 401,70 From cxpross conpanies 99,851,35 Brom tranuportiug U, cellanuous m 407,64071 orERATING EX For conducting trausportation For motive powes 2504 Tor maititennnco HEOUA, Tor malatewso of oars...... 345,663.07 For gancral 0Xpenses....ee.y 193,070.10 ¥or tuxes, State, county, and DOUBICIPAL st evverercnnnes 120,695.68 ———$3.070,254.87 Net earnings.... cenneene e 82,12,285.90 lance at the credit of this ao- Baeonm. Jam, 1, 1873, $_300,773.15 ‘Net recelpts a8 stated, 2,121,285,90 T $2,425,050.00 DIRBURSEMENTS, Interest on bonds of all clusacs.$ 33,357.81 Tuterest on ferip convertibla 71,410,57 85,000, Pald sinking funds Rontal paid’ Jollet 340" Tuilroad Company, exclusive . of sinking fund. . AL Rental paid B, Loui villo "& Oliicago ' Railroad COMPANT s ve v rervsesaraznrs Rental paid Louisfana & Mis- rourl River Rallroad Com- Dl‘;fldund.n 240,000,00 ‘Nos. 20 snd 3. ek Tho gross rocoipts from traflle wero 9841, 215,06, or 6 62-100 per cent, and the nel receipts £242,198.46, or 12 88-100 per cont more than Balance Dec, 31, 1873, during the preceding year. The operating ox- pensos of your lines (exclusivo of taxes) amount to 59 20-100 per cent of gross receipts, including taxes, 61 41-100 por cout, During tho year 1872, the operating expensos wore 6L per cent aud 63 6-10 per cont respectively. TIE §AG DRIDGE DIRASTER. On the night of the 16th of August last a col- lision oceurred near Lewmont, between n passon- ger train and o heavily-loaded coal truin, result- ing in the death of nineteen pereons, injury to twenty-five others, aud the destruction of a largo amount of proporty. ‘Tho oflicors of your Company made overy pos- giblo offort to reliove the sufferings of the wounded, and to eo that proper carc and dispo- sition was mado of the romaine of thoss who were kilied. Prompt and liberal settlement was made of ali claims resuiting from the collision ; tho cost of which, together with ihe value of proporty destroyed amounted to $110,000, which sum hns beon charged, aund is_included in the smount of operating expeuses bofore stated. MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICY. Eight bundred and twenty-nine thousand oight hundred and seventy-six passongors were transported during tho yonr, an increaso of 7 43- 100 por cont ovor tho number during the proced- Ing vear. The praportion botween through and local passengers balug 6 62-100 por cont of the former, to 93 98-100 per cant of the latter. Tho groes receipts from passenger traflic show an incronso of 3 74-100 por cent over those of 1872, ‘The avoraga fare puid per passonger wau 1,60, being G conts less than the sverage of tho preceding year. "I'io aggrogato tonuage of freight transported is 8,284,880,748 Ibs, an increaso over that during 1873 of 2 48-100 por cont, ‘Tho Eropuulou betwoon through and local troight being 9 8-10 per cent of tho former to 80 7-10 per cent of the latter. “The conl trailic of the year, which is includod in the above statewent, amounts to 549,345 1250- 2000 tous ; an incrense cowmpared with that of tho preceding yoar of 11 52-100 per cent. Cool is uuned al about one-hulf of all the stations upon the main line botween Wilmington and Lpst Bt. Louis—a distanco of 227 miles— and aleo st many stations upon your branch Linos, The incronee of gross veceipls from freight traflic, nmounts to about 8 per cent compared with that of 1672, CONSTRUCTION, ETC. Your property has boen, in ol depariments, maintained in flrat-clags coudition, and is fully oqual to thas of tho besc Wostern ruilways. Jivo thousand two huudred and ninety-four sons of steol raila; 1,210 tons of iron Tails 140 tous of track spikes; 257 tons eplico bars and bolts, and 175,000 crose-tios liave beon used in ropuirs of tiack. ‘Threo milas und three-fifthy of o mile of additional side-tracks, and fifteon and one-holf miles of second or double tracks have been constructed during the year. ‘Tho necessary grading [for compleling a continuous ~ donble ~ main tracle botweon Chicago and Joliot hus been com- pleted. Grading is “in progress for a second * track from Joliet to Wilmingtow, iucluding the reduction of tho heavy grades on that section of the rond, ‘That work™ will bo comploted by tho 18t of May, and therenftor trains botween Qdoll and Chicago whon moving north (in tho dires- tion of the heavicst trafiio) will not ascend auy inchination exceeding 24 foot to tho mile, und in foing south none exceeding 96 foot to the'milo,— at present weveral grades excooding G0 foot to thie mnilo are encountersd, 'Ihis important im- rovement will enable ongines to move much arger trains, end greatly reduce tho cosit of op- erativg wpon that part of your lines on whioh thore 18 tha greatesk sccumulation of trafic, o continuod substitution of stool in place of iron rails, as the Iatier become worn out, is deemed no longor an exporiment. ;v. s [atly demonatrated to bo truo aconomy, Wo hnve, ut tho closo of the vear, 106 nules of singlo mnin trnaks and 10 miles ‘of donblo tracks Iaid with sateel rails, Upon the G419 1-10 milos of railwuy oporated, there 1 an_ aggrogsty of 46 miles of doubte track and m addivion Y6 ¢-10miles of side trucks, Tho donble track is in thres sectiony uvon tho malu line betwoen Qdoll and Chicio, 14 is_ important that 1t should be mudo coutinu- o k0 a8 to completo & double truck rmlwiy for tho outico distuugo of 62 wilus, Wheio & VeRY boavy iraflo renders it nccessnry, mnd it ia hopod that in the courso of the prosont year that will b nccomplished, The amount of coal consumod was 94,331 tons, or about 300 tons por day, The amount of wood consnmed was 12,938 cords, or 41 cords por day. tho distaner mn by ongines per ton of coal ay- eragos 37 65-100 milos, and por cord of wood, 40 miles, ! TIE LEARED LINES. Exporionco In opun\tlm(:l tho **loased lIines' during the past yoar, has dowmonstratoed the fol- lowing rosulls ¢ Tho Joliet & Chlcngo Company in Pnhl a fixed rontal, and no sepurate scoount “of the enrnings of that lino has been kept, but tho loase is kmown to Lo a protitablo ono to your Gmnrm\y. Tho net carnings from tho traflis of the 8t. Louis, Jaok- sonville & Chicngo ling during tho year amount to $809,420.50, from which, after deductlug tho smount of ront paid (3240,000), thora romaius & not gatn to your Company of sfuu,m.fio. A sim-~ ilar computation based upon the tralle and ront ald for tho wsoof the Louistann & Missourl Fh\'ur Ttoud, shows o loss of $51,174.20. Without cousidoring causen of & gonoral na~ turo, which haye, for tho past two or throo ears, oporatod to reduce tho tarlf on all linea {u Missourl and Knansas; oxcoptional reasons can bo ageigned for tho result lost atatod, Dur- ing the flru% two months of tho yoar, tho steam forry at Loulsiaua could not_bo oporatod by rea- son of ico in tho Misslssippl River, and all “comn- munieation with your line waa absolutoly pre- ventod, Trafiic was diverted from it to othor chaunels, and soveral months woro required to rostore it ngain, Whon that Lind been, to & groat dogreo, accompilshod, tho financlal panic oc- gurred, resulting in & tomporary suspension of the buslness of noarly all tho large cattle-doalors in Missouri and Kausas, Many thpusands of cat- tlo, which would have been” shipped ovor the Louisians routo, were drivon back upon tho plaing, to bo kopt until the noxtshipping eca- son, and thua the traflo during tho Inat quartor of tho yoar, which consista of, or depends vory Iargely upon, tho shipment of cattlo, was almost wheolly suapended. 'THE LOUIATIANA BRIDGE, 'T'ho nocossity for the construction of & bridgo ovor the Mississippl River to connocet your lucs at Louisiaun, was shown in our last abnual ro- port. 'L'o accomplish that olfloct, tho Mississippi lu\'or Bridge Company was duly organized, and, aftor soma delay,occasioned by tho opposition of tho “atemnboat intorest,” tho plans submitted Dby the Company were approved by the Socretary of War, as required by_law, and tho Company was at lborty to procood with the work, ‘Tho spproval was, howover, upon condition that cer- tain spocified ** dykes " aud othor structures for tho purposo of improving the navigation of the river for a considerablo distanco above tho bridgo, should be constructed at thie exponse of tho Bridgo Company, the exponso of which has Invgely incrensed tho cost of the work. Tho contruction of the bridge was commenced on tho 30t duy of Junc last, and completed 0 as to admit ol its use for tho passage of traiua on the 2ith of Decembor, the entire work having boon accomplished in loss than nix moutbw, ot & cost, including dykos, approachos, otc.. of £685,000. Tho bridgo 18 2,042 foot in length, The superstructure is of wrought irom, and rests upon piors and abutmonts of masonry of tho most substautial charactor, and if tho par valuo of stook and bonda is as- sumed 08 tho basls, tho percoutage would bestill lors. Ho also ehows that among the ninotocn rall- way companies oporating ronds in tho Htate, only five aro ablo to mnke any dividends to their sharoholders, aud In no cayo was moro than 10 per cont dividod, Comment upon theso tactaap- peats to bo unnecossary. “I'ho truo fntorest of "o rallway company, and that of its patrons, aro luseparable. Nelther lmzy oan promoto its own business wolfaro b[vx ronting tho othor unfairly or unjustly—oncl can beat socure it8 own' intorosts by desling 1iberally and justly. Tlo uso of railways in Il- linols cannot bo disponsoed with, and it {5 oqually truo that thoy cannot bo mnde to render sntls- factory sorvice to tho Emhllu very long unloss tho ownors nro pormitted to ronp falr sud ronsonablo profits. The Incronse of wealth in Illinolg has boon largely promotod by tho in- trodutotion snd oporation of rallways, and it is but just that rallway shareholdors who hove furnished capital for their con- struction should partisipate in the gonoral welfaro. When the peopio of the country learn, aa thoy will oro long, that thoy Lavo boon docoived by political demagogues, thoy will ncknowledgo and necopt thoso facts s tho bnsls for propor rolations butween thomselves and tho railways, and will no longor attompt by unwise and Impracticable logislation to doprive the ownors of railway proporty of a reasonnble dis- crotion 1n its manngoment.” Tho oporations of your cnmpm:ly have beon couducted during the past yonr undor many disadvantagoons clrenm- stances, but wo trust when thoy are truly con- sidored, tho rosult will not Lo found nnsatistac- tory to the sharcholders, — s FORTIETE PARALLEL ROAD. Tho approaches consist of solid embankmonts of earth, protected by rip-rap ; thicir aggrogato longth {6 5,000 foet. 'I'bo width of the river at tho bridgo line is E\flmn within ite banks) 8,900 fect, ‘Iho druw-scotion of the bridge is 446 feot in longth, and, in conformity to the act of Con- Rress, 1s arrangod to provido two openings, each 200 fool in tho clear, for tho passago of boats. This draw is tho longost in the world, aud al- though a steam engino is provided for operating it, so perfect i ita coustruction that, except whon high winds provail, ono man ecan, without tho aid ~of steam, opon and closeit. Greatcroditis due toMr, E, L. Corthell, Esq., Chiof Engineer of tho Bridgo Compuuy, and his assistants, under whoso suporvision tho bridgo has beon constructod, and to tho soveral contractors for the satisfactory manner in which their work has beeu accomplished. The entire capital stock of tho Mississippl River Bridgo Company s owned by and hold in trust for your Compaay, and tho managoment of tho' property is wholly under your control. ‘The financial panio and ite dissstrous effect upon tho business of tho country are still fresh iu the memory of all, and noed only be referred to asamong the causes which have doprived your Board of the (plnn:\u'o of reporting o much lurger incroase of traflic for the past year. ILLINOIS RAILROAD LEGISLATION, The General Ausombly of tho State of Tillnois, at ita lust session, passed an net prowcribing rules for the operation of railways, which wero designed as romodics for supposed ovils refative to railway managemout, and to enhance and wecure tho interest of n{xippers und producers, without, as wo think, due regard to your rights. ‘Lhe complaints ngainst railwiy companics have been, in most instances, without just founda- tion, but, nevertheloss, & large numberof pers sona believed othorwise, and that supposed grievances would bo remedied by sn observance of the rules prescribed by tho not, Whilo the act reforred to iy manifestly unconstitutional, and will doubticss be so declared by the courts, atill wo thought that a petter understanding might be had relative to proper relations botwoen railways and tboir patrous, by mmkiug tho experiment of o fair trinl of tho rules preseribed by tho act, We woro satisfied that tho intereat of nll parties wonld suffer thoro~ from in some degroo, but we deemod it importaut that the rosult of a fair trial should be kuown to the public. So far s the act proacribes a rule for fixing rates to bo charged for transportation, it proceods upon the principle that no account shall be taken of relative supply and demand, cost of labor, materials, and the muu{ cloments that over have and ever will coutrol pricos in comimercinl aud businesstransactions, It is true that the act provides that cortain Railway Com- missioners, appointed by the Governorof the Btate, '‘sholl fix ronsonable moximum rates of oharges.” But, however compoteut tho Commis- sionors may be to perform tho difficult task of flxing roasonable rates to maet all of tho chang- ing circumstances connected with the trafiio up- on 21l the ronds in the Biato, tho act itself de- prives thom of tho requisito ~ discretion to perform it, by fixing an inflexible rule, of the character wstated, by which they muat bo governed. It isiporhapy unnecessary Lo ndd that tho results ot the experiment aro not: satisfactory to the public. With no digcretion in making rates to moot competition, which in mos!; cases would Lave secured cousiderable traflic o't a modorato rate of profit to the Company nvd grent bonefit to the merchants and businoss meyn of Chicago, 8t. Louis, aud the large mark.ob towns of Illinois, wo wero compellod to altow competing lines to take tho products of iLhe country in many cases divectly to eastorn mai- koty, which thoy were abloto do by reason cif baviog only a portion of their several lines with- in the Btate of Illinoiy, and beiug thereforo eri- abled to divide their through rates go as to ha'se tho portion neminally charged in that State con- form to tho raquirements of its legislation. This logs of traflic to the railways, whose li1 o8 ara wholly in Illinols, and tho loss to merchs nts and others residing in_the State, Is probably not 60 apparont in s full oxtout to any oblior ¢ lnss ag to thoee engoged in transportation, for: the ronson that the goueral increase of busines's has been mors than equal to it, It is by renson of goneral increase of trafiic at nan-comaroting poluts that we are ablo to roport larger earnings than during tho precoding year, It will Lo obsorved that tho loss of the trafiio referred Lo hng resulted in a larger porcentago of nol carnings thun was renlizod in 1872; tho prolit ugan the romaining traffio belug neer! y uniform, and, of comno, at a rate above what* would have been the nyorago if business had bern obtained as herotofors from compoting points at such smuller profils as could have bison realized. It hos heretofore beun the peioy of this Company to encourage all local business ontorprises by making concossicma in rates for trausportation whon necessary to dovelop thom, The result of that policy is seon fn the fact that for voveral yoars past more thay . nine-tenths of all our traftio brg beon locul, an' 1 itw Incronso hay been rapid. Since tho 1ut'of July last, under the oporation of tho rules 1 eseribed, no con- counlons could ho made, altho'agh by reason of the panie, In many cnsos, tha necoesity for thom Dhad never at nuy timo bofore, heon so great. TATES OF TRANSY UITATION, The present populur oub sy ngainst rallways tn the West is maiuly bused, wipon the orroucons supposition that prices ¢ uarged for tiunsportn- tion are unronsourbly W gli; not in oxcoptional canen only, but umvcrsv."y. If it Lo tmo that Lbe rates charged do not produco net profits oquul to the lawful ra’.e of intorest for money lonued, taking a8 tho busls for culcula- tion, actual cost, we yprosume it will bo con- cedod by nll that the, charges as whole, ure not too high; wnd if it bo alwo tino that the nof profits upou the lir1e productny the bost results, donot exceed 10 p or cent, wo think it must be admitted that tha chargos upon that line sre not, s o whole, unroasonsbly high, What aro the fucts? " Poor’ts Manual™ s recognized ab stundard autliority: on n\ih-nf' statistics, Tn s compilation for 1573 and 1674, ho shows thut, i€ tho natuel coat of gll the rouds lu the United Htnten o taken n a n bavis for oalenlation, the AYOFAGO not rolt yrn por A is 5,2 por cent. Computing in es ch case, on tho snmo basls, tho net result in No' v £ngland was 0,26 por cont 3 In tho Middle Biatc g, fl.‘f'pm‘ vant, nnd in tho Wout- orn States, 4,67 per cent. From tho duta con- tainod in Wiw » orle, it urpeurn that the entire annual not «ar pings on tho railways in Tilnols wiouuts to Wujy 024 per conton thelr actual custy Special Dispatch to The Chicago Tribune, s»xuxomanb_, 1IL, March 4,—The Convontion to daliborate upon tho quostion of buildiug o truuk line of railrond along the fortloth parallel of Intitudo, motin tho lwll of the Houso of Roproeentatives thia aftornoon at 2 o'clock, and temporarily organized by the sppointment of Qol, J. K, VanDorn, of Quincy, as Choirman, and E. I, Merrett o8 tomporary Becrotary, A COommitieo on Pormanent Organization, con- slsting of soven mombers, of whom Col. T, J. Carter, of this city way Chairman, waa raised, and during their deliboration i . aoV. DEVERIDOE wad called upon aud addrossed the Convention briefly. Ho #nld that he was in favor of overy schomo that touded to cheapen transportation, and that, and if the Fortioth Parallel Railrond would do that thing, he was In favor of it, Ito was anxious to golve the problom and reliove tho peoplo. Wo bring the mechanies to tho Wesl, build up manufactures, nnd thus save the trans- portation wholly was a thing ho most desired. Ho thanked tho Convention for tho iuvitation to atdress thom, PERMANENT ORGANIZATION, The Committeo on Permanont Organization reported the following permanont oficors for the Convention : Presidout —Ex-Gov. John 2L Palmor, of Illinois; Vice Presidents—Gon, Willism Wright, of Ohio, the Hou. J. iI. Glenn, of Missouri, tho llon. N. Komp, of Indiaus, Col. 0. II. Morton, of Illinois, the Hon, G. W. Burns, of Tolodo, the Hon. A. D. Whiting, of Kansas; Becretarios—A. Stono, of Indiaus, E. L. Merrott, of Illinois, James Fishback, of 1lli- nois, Paul Solby, of 1llinois, Josoph B. Gilpin, of Kansun, . A Committeo of throe was appolnted to in- form dov, PALMER of his selection, aud hosoon appoared and ad- dressed tho Convoution, Ho thanked thom for boing called to proside over them ; sawd that he was less informod about tho particular character or object of tho Convention, possibly, than any other mombor, but supposed that it was for tho oxpression of views concerning the voxed question of cheay transportation, and especiaily with roforence to a ling of railrond on tho forti~ oth parallel of north latitude. While this was the espocial objeot, the discussion of any mode by which choap transportation could bo reached wonld bo admissible, This grent quostion was not conflned to Statoes, nor indoed wns il national nlone; it was cotinental, Tho broad principles of commorcinl 1w must thorefora bo applied to it. "hero was 1o royal rond to tho uu[’ution to this diflienlt problem, but in a full and free dis- enssicn of it lig:ut would bo revenled, Ho be- lioved that in # multitudo of counsellors thero was safety. Henow awaited tho pleasure of the Convention, RESOLUTIONS, Tho followiug gentlemen were appointed a Committeo or: ltesolutions: Col. M. Diggott, of Illinois; (1. W, Duncan, of Indiann; (i. N. Black, of Ilteaols; 1L G. Whitlock, of Iilinols ; % W. Kei: of Indinna; H, Allen, of Kausaa ; of Missouri; aund tho Hon, A, inois. T'ho Committee reported .g sories of rosolutions, which wora Wiknias, Among the powers expressly conferred upon Congr eas by Sce, 8, Art, 1 of tho Constitution, Is the power 10 regulate commerco with forolgn natious and among: the keveral States ; and, ‘Warorss, It iswoll settled Ly decislons of the Buprems , Court of the United States thut Congress mny churter o corporation, which ia a proper or neces- sury instrumont for carrylog info offect any of tho powers of the goneral Goverument; and, Wiz zas, It Cougreas should decm it hecessary or expodioat, In tho oxercieo of tho powor thus expreasly onnferred' to rogulnte commorce among the soveral States,ito_chartor now lines of rallways or canals as of such commicree, its power to do o would be boyond ;quostion’; snd, s, Tho prosent._cuormuie and_rapldly fn. croar ing products of the Western States imporatively requ ire fucrossed commercial facillticn for thair movo- ment to the aeaboard, a moro di conssimed in thor transit, less cost for thelr handlin, anél transportation, with uniform and ecouomical Tai ea which may be relied upon to continue from year 1o year, and not subject to be chnugod dally under the Ie sult of competition ut ono timo and. combination at another; nnd, WiEREAS, There aro now before Congress bills 'rmymk for chartors for the conetruction of ous e of raflronds from the seaboard to the Western / Btates, and in all of nald bills national aid ia invoked to neslat i tho constructlon of uch rallronds ; and, Wneness, Wo bellevo thnt tle just priuciplo of the gresteat good to tho greatest number should and will nfinenco Congtets {n grauting nuy charter or privileges for the construction of a na-~ tional line of railyay from tho Attantlo ssaboard (o tho great productive States of the Weat, and feeling woll asoured that tho most Just and cquitablo location for such national Hne of rafiwny is on or noar the fortieth porallel of nurtl Iatitude, whioh pawsos almost oxactly central through tho Middlo and Wostern States; thero. foro bo it tesolted, That tho vight of tranalt over any part of 1bo torritory of the United Btates by post-routes, rail- Ways, or_cansls ap avenues of commerco belogs to {he United Btufes Government, aud under all proper circumstauces and necessitica 1t shonld oxorciso that right by bullding such roads or canals, or granting churters with &uch fixod msximum rotes and routrictions, sy may ba deomed necesenty, and sub- ordinato corporations for that purpose with such liberal nnd judiclous legislation s muy bo proper and nocessury to sccuro tho completion of thik great na. lluflln‘l railway, uud promoto the best iuterests of the pubile, T Resoiced, That o beral commorclal mpirit should prevail botwecn the differcnt States of tho Union in granting reciprocal rights of way across thelr reapect~ tive territorics, and such further logislation as msy bo requiret in the construction of a uutional line of rail- way {rom the Atlantic scabosrd central through the ‘Western Statea and Territorics, Itesolued, Thiat Justice to tho great producing States of tho Misslustppi Valloy and the beat Interests of tho whiolo country demond that the Unfted Btates Govern~ ment Aliould grant such lberal legislation os may bo zioedful to socure the enrly and epeady construction of thls groat natiounl railway, with two or more tracks, on or neur the contral routo of the fortioth parallel of north_latitudo, from tho Atlautio seaboard through tho Weatorn ftatos witli diverging linow at proper points to tho cities of Cincinnath,st, Louis, Tolodo, and Chicago in tho West ; and to th principa] commorelal citiou i1 the Eust on tho Atlsutio scaboard, Resolved, Thiat this Conventlon fs fully sattsfied of the feasibilify and nctual necessity of a groat natjonal raflway, constructed as dircet us possiblo and with an easy grades os practicable on or near the fortieth parallel “of north Iatitude, «from tho Atlantho geaboard trouglh (o capilala’of Uie great Siates of Yennaylvania, Ohio, Indians, nd Iiliuol, thonca crousiug (o Ainsieslppt Rivor” at tho ity of Quiney, Il o ot weatera poiik on (o enst. bauk ot Tiver for its whole length, and thenco weatward fo the lara of the Tlocky Monntains,—the City of Deuver, Colorado,—nud’ we feel that the peoplo will moat heartily great iia carly completion ua & grout uationul Liessfig which wiil atord thom ampla and clieap neans of {ratwportation far thofr products, s well s carrect oxisting ovils by giviug the country & truly naticanl gystom of ralirouds, Jiesolved, That “an_Exouutivo Commitico of fifty Le ayipoluted 'ty this Gunvention, with full ‘power anq fie structlons fo propura a sultabla charter to bs laid be- foro Congresn, ouibodying tho views of thly Conven- tion, and to péouro the necossary legislation o ald tho oarly complotion of this great enforpriso; and sald Compitive Is horoby ully onupowored and thorizod t0 add to their own number, 41l vacaucics, sad appoiut ony and il sub-committeas that may be neveasry, BOME LIGHT. T, J. Onttor boing onlled out, explained the cost of tho consttuction of railronds, and snld that & ncoowsity oxlstod | for - a frolght road through he coutio of ths agricuitural and boef-raisiug region of t| United Blatos, wich Iny on Woth sttes of o fortiath paraliel, Lo tho north wo had tha groat Inkes, and on the Houth the great rivers, on which froight conld Lo carried for J¢ cont por fon per milo, Bub on our Prnuom linos of railrond through this scction {he cost was 1 cout, and, nt somo seasons of the yoar, more por ton por wile, JONES' OFINION, K. X, Jones, of Quiney, wald he was in favor of Congress chartoring n rond of four trunk linos from tho son to tho base of tho Rooky Bountsing aun tho fortioth patallel, Bome urged that Gongross had not the powor to do this. Lho pooplo would nomI)uI thom to do it if tho presont nttompt to control rallronds by Ntato logislation failod. It must bo dono, Ar. A, I, Coffeon, u farmor from Champnign Couuty, mado A HENFIDLE AND MAPPY BPEECH, in which lio snid that o was opposod to Bongress chartoring railronds, Thoy hm{ alroady built up achartorod aristocracy that was moro and moro Dbanoful than an inherltod nrlstmrnu{. Ilo wantod the rond on tho fortioth pnrallel tg bo n pooplo’s road, to ho mannged and’ owned by the pooblo, Thedistance on tho fortioth paraliol from Dhiladolphin to Donver, wns 1,200 milos, Ho had notleed that thoe paratlol was o little cuirvod on the map, and to' follow it might in- oroasa tho distanco someswhat, but ho would fot- low it'novortholoss, 1o was not o railrond man, but was not opposed to being one if ho could got tho salary that some of them did. [Applauso.] Ho thouglt lio was s good a railvond mou ns tho Ttallrond” Gommiusionors, and wonld not ob- jact 1o tho malary thoy woro _goiting [Continnous nppleuse.] 1t would cost $60,000,~ 000 to build tho rond. ~We wora consideriug by a liboral ostimate, Ifo wonld lssuo bonds, and the only nssistanco ho would nak from tho Gov- ornmont would bo that it would gunarantoe thom, and thus kocuro thelr sale. Ho then duvolupud his plan for building tho line, His hits wore well timod. Mo Iy aliout 55 years old, and is & f’nnuhm farmor. 1o votod ngalnst tho resolu- ons, "The following wore solected to appoint the Commutteo provided for in the last racolutions J, @. Rowlaud, of Quincy; T. J. Carter, of Spring- flold; J. O, King, of Inckeouville; ' A, P, Cof- foon, of Biduoy ; 8, T. Dickorson, of Iudiann, ho attondance of delogates roached 200, from Olio, Indinnn, Missourl, Xanans, and Colorndo, glm: Targest number, howover, woro from this ato, TILE COMMITTEE OF FIFTY, yWlml\ tho Convention roassomblod at 7i¢ o'olocl, to which hour it adjourned, the gentio= mon appoiuted to soloot the Committeo uf Iifty roported tho folowing unmes: Goorgs W. Burns, of Colorado ; A, B. Whiting, of Kanaas ; J. H. Glonn, of Missouri; W. fi Collins, of Kangns; Isano Hosea, of Missouri; Joha K. Van Dorn, of Quinoy, IIl.; Jamos_Woodruff, of Quincy; K. K. Jones, of Quincy; M. Diggott, of Quiney ; R, K. Turner, of Quinoy; J. G. Row- Iand, of Quincy; N. P. Ayros, of Quincy: J. O. King, of Jacksonvillo; A. Sturnor, of Spring- flold’; T. J. Cartor, of BSpringlold; J, W. Bunn, o Springfiold; Iz » Darquis, of Pimtt County; Stophen Mofiltt, of Do- catur; J. O, Sholdon, of Champnign County ; N. Koinp, of Indinum} A. Stouc, of Indiunt: William T, Iough, of Indiann; Georgo W, Dun. con, of Indinun; A. L. Roach, of Indinun; Joshun Millett, of Indinua ; ‘Thomas 3. Browno, of Indinna; Charles Morgan, of Indinus; John W. Mitcholl, of Ohio; Jamos E. Wright of Ohio ; G, B. Wright, of Ohio; J. L. Birkey, of Obio; Charles Goddard, of Oblo: John LI, Sullivan, of Olio; R, B, Cowan, of Ohio, Tho Commitea is composed of thurty-five, aud thoy have powor to appoint the romainder. By invitation, GOV, PALMER AGAIN addrossed tho Convention at length, giving a philosophical oxposition of the rarlrond problem, Ho held to the doctrino that raflronds crossing Btato lines woro already national highways for comuiorcs, Being now chisnnels, they woro sub- Ject to the public commercial aw which govorns the commerco of rivers, and subject to auy ad- ditional lnw Congress might ennct. The audienco was largo, composed of mem- bors of tho Convention and the Legislature, The spooch croated o deep interest ond was fre- quently applauded, Tho farmors, espacially, were delightod. At1ta closo o unanimous vote of thauls was toudered by tho audionce, - MISCELLANEOUS. CHIOAGO & MILLINGTON ROAD. The annual meeting of the sharcholders and Directors of tho Chicago, Millington & Weatorn was held Tucaday aftornoon at tho offico of the company, No, 78 Fifth avenue, Tho followlng gentlemen were olected Direct- ors for the ensuing yoar : Lowis Btowart, Plano ; Jamos W. Eddy, Millington ; Stephon G. Pad- dock, Princoton; G, N. Jackson, Ohleago; Oharles D. Hoyt, Aurora ; Jamos Partou, Pn{u; and 8. Dorr, Neponsac. Tho Dirgotors then Leld » meoting and elocted the following officors : President, Lewls Stow- art ; Vico Prosident, James W. Eddy ; Secretary, Goorge N. Jackson., The office of I'ronsurer way loft vacant until such time as thoro shall be tomo money on hnnd. This rond is as yotn paper one, and the intention s to build it on tho narrow gaugo plan, Burveys were rapidly Fro- fimuiug until tho timo of tho panio, but that isorganizer handled them, as it did many othor new roads, so roughly that nothing of impor- tanco has since been done ; but proparations aro now on foot promising n spoody resumption of active work on this narrow gauge line. CHICAGO & ATLANTIO RATLROAD COMPANY. Special Dispatch to The Chicago T'ribune, Fr. Wayng, Ind.,, March 4,—Tho }lrlmnr_v meeting of some of the largest stockholders of the Chicago & Atlantic Railroad Company was Leld this day at the Contral Hotel, Nothiug dofinito is kuown as to whom their choico was, It is undorstood to havo been for President, William Diller ; for Treasuror, Thomns Espy, and for Becrotary, Isaac I, Coates. Tho elec- tlou s to take placo at Chicago, at the oftico of Ieano P, Contes, although your correspondent was unable to learn at what date it will bo Lold. COLORADO CENTRAT, RATLROAD, Oxama, Neb., March 4.—It is stated that work on the Colorado Contral Railroad will be ro- sumed eoon, and pushed to completion. Thig will give Omaba direck communication with Colorado. —— SISTERS OF THE HOLY CROSE To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: Bim: In tho Chapel at St. Mary's Academy, Notro Dame, on the afterncon of Sunday, the 18t of March, took place ono of the most beauti- ful and imposing ceremonies In the cataloguo of tho Catholio Church. It was that of forty-two young and benutiful women entering tho Novi- tiato of tho community of sSisters of the Holy Crosa, The imposing ceromony was begun by chant- ing the Vospor Psnlms,—tho Rt. Itov. Fathor Lorin, founder of both the educational institu- tions of Notro Damo and St. Mary's, officlating. Tho caudidates eamo into the chapol in procos- sion, dressed ‘‘aa a brido awaiting the bride- groom,” led by three nuns boaring lighted torch- osnnd a large silver crucifix, Long silk-tulle veils, confined by crowns of orange-blossoms and other rare flowers, floated gracefully over dresses 80 white and soft, and of such fiuo texturo, that tho contemplation of thom would %‘)li’ln drawn & sigh from the heart of & Chicago ollo. Kneoling with reveronce bofore tho Altar, ench one receivod a lighted candlo, as au emblem of tho Light which Isto guide thom through life, ‘Thien the Right Rovorend priest distribut- ed tho Blnck Hubit, the wearing of which is to symbolizo a life of poverty and humility. 'I'he whito vell was then given, typical of the inno- conco and purity of & soul consgorated to God. Agnin the procession was formod ; and, as they pussed out of tha chapol, the ohoir suyg most offcctively, In exilo Jsrael, to an organ-ao- ‘companimont that sonndod like the singing of angels, During tho chanting of this grand old Pyalm, the wnewly-made Novices luid aside their bridal robes, ns they had the vanitios of the world, and dounned the plain garb of tho Bisters of the Holy Cross, after whioh thoy rocoived the prayor-book, boads, and orucifix, which each recipiont bowed aver and kissed rey- erontly. ‘I'hus ended one of the most affooting coromonies that could bo witnessod ; and itis to bo regrotted that it was_so vory private, for, had the occasion been made publlo, and beon wit- nessed by thousandw, it would have boon tho means of mmuvlugillho unjust prejudice which oxists concorning thoso Loly aud useful iustitu- tions, 1t 18 woll to add lioro, that, of the forty-two oung ladios who took the veil on Suuday” last, iu! one was aducatod nt Bt Mury's. Bhe s of Catholie purentage, and gradunted thoro with high honoss some threo yoars ngo, Visiron. ————— Excommunication of Freo=Magsons. It has ovon boen a part of the policy of the Tloman Catholic Churclito objoet to any mys- torles excopt those of which the Ioly Father is snpposed to bold tho key, Froomnsonry lns, conecquontly, always beon a spavial befa noir, and fulminntlons agalust it aro poriodicnl. The Archbishop of Mailnes dosinng, no doubt, to prove his untiring devotion to the holy prisoner n tho Vatican, hns Intoly gono vo fur ns fo ex- communicato overy Iroe-Mason iu Dolgium. 1is Graco considoratoly tool this ateq Just be- fore Lent, #o it may bo prosumed that thoso under the ban can eat their flosh dinnors with o light heart, as mo longor bolonging to the Churoh, T hin odict, the Archbisliop remiuds l\S:i‘xlnak that no _loss than six Popos have con- detnod Froomitonry, whoroupon that wnholy ehoat, tho fudopendence Jielge, implously ob- serves that Frosmasonry * hay done protty well aousidering." THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1874, THE BUTTER-MAKERS. Convention of Lending Denlers at Beloit, ' Wis, Eight States Represented---Important Digongsions and Suggestions, Organization of n Butlor Manufacturers’ and Donlers’ Association, Sneetal Corresginnulence of The Chicago Tridurie, Berorr, Win., March 5, Tn responso to o cireular jssuod Feb, 6, 1874, by Dautel W. Dnko, Laq., propriotor of Dake's Crenmory, Bololt, Wia., inviting partlos engaged in mouvufacturing or dealing in butter in the. Unitod Btatos - to moot. in couvontion Mnreh 8, 1874, such o convention was held at Bololt on Tuesday of the prosont waok, Dalogates began to arrivoon the night tralus of Monday, aud coutinued to como in on onch train until Wodueyday morning, Tho following list of ar- rivala shows an attoudanuce of nearly sixty from sbroad, {ncluding delogates from the Statos of Now Yorlk,Ohlo, Iudiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Minnosota, and Wiscousln. T'ni Citroaco I'nin- uNE, Limes, Inler-Ocean, and Commercial Ad- verliser, Milwnukoo Sentinel,Boston Daily Globe, Tonghkeopsio Zeleyraph, aud Boloit Free Press wero reprosonted by special reporters, who found. plenty to lkeop thom busy far into the night. The doy was most unpleasnnt, rain fall- ing abundantly in tho forenoon,- ohanging to suow at about 8 o'clock, and consing toward night, proparatory to & sl freczivg up, which ocenrred beforo morning. But, in spito of tho clouds and mud, Boloit held sbout as joliy o crowd of visttors as ovor mot in-council. THE REGISTER OF ARRIVALS is as follows : = @aorgo 0. Lawrence, Ohlcago, Star Unfon Lino; T, A, Rthoads, Newton, Waterloo, o, : K, Buines, Mouui Ticasant G, stovoun, Grinnell ; Graver & Lubeo, Mursballtows, 1a,; 1L O, Whitney, reprosonting X, 1 Cole, Now' York; I, L. Johusou, Yort Atkiuson, Win.; . Cloment, Inter-Ucean, Clitcago; A. Woods cock, Quicago, Willlam W, Dester, Clicigo; IT, D, Bhorman, donticollo, Ta, ; Willlam AeKinnds, Findlny, O.; L. C. Orvis, Chicugo; Langsdalo & Sof apolis; A, P, Peck, Mitwaukeo; Emecrson Lage gunaport, fnd \, Leater, dackson, Micl, ; Jaggur, Bt Paul, Miun.; J, I, Bechitdld, Now York Gity, roprescnting L, B, Millor & Son 3. ¥, Lulckeus, Waverly, In.; Q. W. Chuse, New York} A, J, Coluy & Clileago William 1t, Marston, Grown Point, Iud. ; W. 1L, Allen, " elolt, Wis,; Willtn Wilkiny, Bololt, Wik, Geargs W, 'MeIntosh, Belojt; J. 1L, Loug, aclo, Ind., repreacuting St, Loufs Company, Mo, § Carpen’ & 1arrls, Union Oity, Tud.; 8, P, Poud, Keor kuk uud Burlinglon, Is.; G, L, Mayden, Noloit; O, M, Achanback, Freeport, Il B, Titts, Ciileugto 3 Kiigora Bios, Uvorth ~ County, ty, Win:'F, 5, Willls, Portago’ Gity, Wis,; 9. liddle- {on, Lrinceton, Tl; Georgo W, Joucs, Fond du Lac, Wi, E, I, Welly, Milwaukeo ; ‘Jumes ' Auderson, Now York ; Jume: Ieaden, Belolt, Win,; L. C, Bartlott & Ov., Doone, In,; Brown & ltoot, Oskalooss, In,; MeMurtroo & Gibbi, Three Rivers,’ Mich.; Join A, Dake, Now York; J. 8, Browulng, Chicago; J, A. Day, Harvard, 10} A, Bigelow, Olicigo ; David Liutn, from O, Stegman & Sonw, New 'York ; J. 1, Rose, Bele videre, Ill.; W. N, Golden, Coldwater, Mich,; Osmon Lunn,’ Dewdloines, In Amon Ellisson, Desdofuce, Ing G, E. Burnhim, Jackson, Mich; F, A, Palmer, Doiiouco, 0. G, L, Bunu, Caldwator, Mich,; C. 1. Telton, Empire’ Lies D,'0, Woolverton, Lelvidere, J. Barrett, Unlolt}j L. O, Bartelt, Boone, In.; o bl Willlnmu 8, Thoinpson, Northwood, In,; Olo Hugatson, Orfordville, Wis, In tho forencon, those who wore presont gothered ot Dako's Creamery to witnoss THE YARIOUS METHODS employed by Mr. Dako fa proparing butter for wmarket. Mr, Dake's patents covor vatious machines used in houdlivng tho bulter which is recoived from farmers and others engaged in the dairy business upon & larger or smaller ecale for miles around. Ilis regulations requiro that the butter sball be brought to the Creamery direct from tho churn without ealting or work= ing, and that it shall bo of a fair quality, Upon or, Lo- 6, arrival it is passed through the first machine,' called & *bull ”* which consials of & wire-cloth Heeen lncad ot the bottom of a lioppor-shaped receiver, a_pair of wooden fol- lowors, operated by o crank passing through the meehos of tho wire, squoezing out somo of the buttermilk and cutting tho buttor into strips resombling macarond, and rendering it lght and porons o that it will rendily receive the salt snd coloring matter, Itis then carefully salted and elightly colored by a pecullar process, whick gives it an even, uniform appearanco. A ton of butter cau bo put through the **bull" in from ten to {wonty minutes, Working comos noxt in order. This is accom- plished by passing it through Dake's butter- worker, which consists of a fluted roller goared above an apron of sints running upon two end- loys chains. 'Thio buttor is passod through this ‘machino thres or four times, and is thon roady for packing, Two hundred and sixty-two pounds wore run through in the presence of the visitors in ono and a quarter minutes. After somo hours passod very plensantly in watching the difforont processes and making one anothor's acqunintance, the dologatos woro n= vitod by Mr. Dako to rido over to Goodwin's Opora-House, and spond the rost of the day in disoussion of tho various importaut mattors, for the consideration of which thoy had come to- gother. Upou arrival at_the Oporn-Houso, ab about hn1l~&:nst 4 p., m, James Anderson, Eu?’., of Now York, wan eallod to the chair, and Mr. D. W, Dake read the following practical addross, which was roceived with great interest and ap- plause : M. DAKE'S ADDRESS, Our objoot fn comiug togother is not speech-making ; 1€ 1t was, we no doubt would most signally fail, 1t {8 rathier to learn from the experfenco of othcrs, by sim- ly tulking face, oxplaining our manner of operations, aud glving the results attained, and so be able to use pual experiences for the benefit of thu future in this, onp of tho most useful 6a well s romunorativo of all {udustrics, viz: the manufacture and hondling of butter. Ianecessity, its importance and mognituds, nro points conceded, and £o wo will pass them by ; Lut thero aro otlier Roints if conceded are nct to bo passed by unnoticad, uud, m order o correct errors and to entablish Leticr penctico, and acquire bottor re- sults, thin nubject muat bo studfod, ugitated, rehearsed, aud tho knowlodgo gined put within tha' reach and groap of all fnteroted, aud mado practical, Theorles may be all right ; but, if not reduced to practice, aro nnllities ever at o beat, This {3 not o calliug to bo ashamed of, but ono of the proud induatries that under- Jio tho prosperity and comfort of tha entiro olvilized world, and hoe who through it only seoks for gain to himeelt does not halt comprehiond tho importance of Dis position, Goln 8 not by any means to ba over- laoked, but fnstinct will g nion up sufliciently to Keop oo eye open i tho interest and for tha genoral good ; goif-lnicrest i best gerved and most fruly when fn harmony with the Interests of othiers, So let ug have both eyes open at all timee, and proceed to cou~ siiler mor closoly the subject boforo us, Of all arliclos used for the support of man or beast, espocially when young, milk {8, porhaps, the most {m- portant,” It contalns within itsoif all the cloments ro- quircd o sustain lifo and promote growth ; and, ua an articls of diot, dutes back to time jmmeworil, Its component patts, though neatly tho sawmo, vary in dif- forent animais, and also in tho same suimal under difforont condftions, Food, sholter, health, age, timo after parturition, eto,, are among & fow of the causcs that affect tho quslity a well as the quantity prooured, Tor the purposes upplicable to_our fmmediate intor- esta {tfo not uccessary to go futo a full analysis, I will only speak of thoso things necessary for practical workingmen and women In the routiny of duily life, Water i by far the greater ingrediont, nnd ranges from about #4 (0 88 per cent ; caneluo, from 83 to 7 por cent ; butter, from 2 o 7, soldom 9, per vent ; Bugar, from 13 t0 43¢ per cent : varlous salls, & to 1 per cont, ‘Tlioso are called chlorido of potassium, elilorido of _sudfum, phosphato of soda, phosphatg of Iimo, phosphato of magueaia aud of iron, Theso aro all found in blood, and are required to build up and sustuin tho aufimal syaten, Lime nourishcs the bones ; Balt the gastrlo julce ; oda the bilo; iron colors tho blood; buttor gives fat { sugar Lent; casolno flosh ¢ d water answers sa an excellent aubstitute for From tho above you wlil readily seo that two samples of milk may uot produce the ssme amount of elther butter or cheesa, Tho first milk afier parturition is called colaatrum, 18 thick, tringy, yellow, and untit for uao, for at leas two doys, Mornfug's ilk 18 Lotier thah evening’s, and strippings thau tho At low, Creamn ia simply milk with un undue amount of butter, The compo- nent parts of milk are simply oingled fogethier mo- chanlcally rather than having nny chemical afuity for onvlt othor, To this fact is attributable ita rapid and coustant chauges, Milk {a no sooner drawn than the parts of it commenco to undorgo u chango, which is Bometiwes 8o rapid s, fu an bour or two, to bocome nenrly worthless, Aud yet by tho ald of scienco milk can b6 kept porfoetly eweet for yoars, Whon kept too warm it forments,—lactio acid, vinous formentation, and oven spirituons Uguors aro'produced, Whon too cold itis often bitter, moldy, and worthless, Ex- porience has taughit that a ilk-room with a tompera- lum of about 65 to 60 deg, produces bost results fn butter mu\ll.nf. A colder temperuturo rolards the procoss of iho cremm fo the suface, whil a warmer tends to turu {ho milk gour too soon, snd 8o ntop it entirely, Twq or threo dcqrccn elthor Way may ot veriously affect it but on thls cornor stane we must only Lope for a kood fouudation, Of the Ingre- Wionts of milk, butter I tho lightest, sugar turns soan. cut sour, ensoine putrifics first, aud water remaing the longest wot, ‘Tho buttor is suspended fu tho milk and contaiued 36 » thin round niembrane or sack; theso are denominated globules, and vary In size s ‘well as number in differcot samploa of inflk; their round hape, smooth eurface, and apecific gravily, oll reom 10 bo wisely combined 1o sceurs a surd and porfoct sops wration from the otlor paria of the milk, aud to get togothor ut tho surface as puro hutter, ‘Uhe fact, how- over, ir, othier cautes nbatrnct and Linder the result tn w groator or loss extont, Hugerwnd csscine iutorfero whon allowed to bo influcnced by outaldo ofrcum. stances, A fempornture too warm sours tho sugar, forming acotio acld, This_ congulaten tho caselno, formiog eurd. ~Now, tils curd fs' n great foo ‘to bufor; and the inatant a - globila mocka to slip past it amd pgot to the surface, this fos—this curd—jumpn tight on ita Back and Lolda 1t down § ae TF Jornnc it annot hold it down, 1t will cling (o't with tho desperation of & drowning man, determined to damago, at lonst, it it conok deatioy, Tin ronul simply thia: A largo portion of tho bilttor {a liold captive bolow the surface, aud is finally thrown to tho piga,—yes, thrawn {otho rigs nd worth from 15 to 40 canla por ponnd. Farmory, think of thist and alno think of another ihiug, = X salil that curd wea a foo to buitor, and that {trought to damage what it could nat destroy, It dostroye all it keeps down, snd what it can’t keep dowa t clings to oven to the end, and §a churned, and sltod, and, {f dono quickly, pofhaps ; but 4 loft toolong Wil nuroly destroy i, Yau- maneayat “Tho chief source of Injurloiis changea in buttor {a tho putrofaction of chocsy mattor, caseiio, of whichi it alwnys contains a gmall portian, ‘Tho cancina converts the sugar of milk uto Inctio acid, i thint uto butyrio sefd, to which the disagrecable smell of rancld nttor Js mainly due, It requirca 400 pounds of wator to_dlssalve ono pound of canoine,” - Tlain rendera it imponsibleto wanls it fram the buttor whon onco united with it, It also abiorbs bad odors from tho surrounding stmosphere, o, working in {me puire water, limo wud organis matier {i imparted to fls otrimout, Puro butler docs not got I’flllcrll auy more than lard or tallow.- To obvinte thilw trouble, {6 separe ato tho curd from tho butter, to dostroy this chafl and prosorve tho grain, 18 ono of ths leenona of ths hour, But timo will' not pormit of denling with it s fully ng tho subjcol desorves, It ia no doubt ous of the mos mportant pofnts in the manufacture of butter, both n quellty snd quantity. The temporature of tho milkcroot, s tmproporly warlied utennil, Tiavo oa inel to 46 with turniug the augar of milk' (o senlio aoid an al olher causcs combined, To corroct this 18 totakia a long stop in the right direction, and i within the ‘roxch of overy dalryman, ' A muitablo milk-room, cleanliuces,. and~ » moderato judg- nent” “will suficos to correct many crrors nd put figures of proft in place of loss on your lodgern, I truly and fully bolievo thnt thore couid bo enough’ moro butter saved and pold which ia now thrown away or fed to calves or pigs, If all tho milk was mob and skimmed, in tho bost mounor known, wilbin the limits of tho’ United Biates, to pay up tho wholo National debt witbin fivo years. 'And thla 1s not 81l the loa 1o dalrymon {. thoy ot only db not Aave'all thio buttor from tlietr milk, but what tioy do save is of Infertor qunity when mado, and doterloatos vory funk after; 80 that our markets aro always full of low grades, whilo tho fnor grades ato always scarce, What we ought to do 18 to porform onr part well, and, an far an_possiblo, holp to corract: tho ovil, - Wo necd moro practical, systematic, nnd sclentifie Iabor, ‘Tho art of cheesc-making was known long boforo butter-mak- ing and 18 spokon of in our earlleat hintary, Herodotus 48 tho earlteat historlan who peaks of buttcr, Tha Spartans and Greeks know of Jt; tho Bible spoaks of it} and it was probably known to oxlst from n much earllor date than wo Dave any record of, It was long used as an olntment, sud for othor medicinal purposes, beforo it becamo an articlo of diot and commores; and, although cliceso was known and manufacturcd centuries ago, still it is within the last geors of years tiat o greitest portection n tho art s beon attainod, through the sysiom of factories, by sclontificand skilled workmen. Why may we not liopo forus great improvemonte in tho mannerand methods of preparlug butter and proserving it for faturo uo? “Some peoplo scom to think him o almple- ton who cannot mako good buttor, I beliove it will requiro a wisor man than over lived o make butter, for it18 created,~made, {n the udder of tho cow,and no man can mako it ; Lie may devise meana to separate it from thie curd, prepars it for food ar, proserve it for futuro use, aud'lio who aucceeds best will have acquired an emiucnco in sclence worth climbing for, Butter o auoily substance of very complicaled composition, in which 1o less than six diffcrent orgauid aclds aro divided, Found in 100 parts of buiter: 58 prla margeriug, 95 pacts butsroline, and 3 puzta di- vided amoug butytio, caprolc, capilic,fand capric acide, These in moro or less degreo give to butter tho pocuifar flavor noticed in different mamplea s thcao aro more or less modifled or oxuggorated. by the feed and other causes ; gatlic, onlons, turnips, bad water, atc., produco organic acids whicli offend, while {aime grass aud hay, most grass, oud sweet, cloar water produce organic acids that aro pleanaut o tho tasto and smell, Tlieso all_enter Iuto, and aro an ki & purt of, {ho buttor a8 any other ingredient ; and it should bo the study of the dairyman to kuow what produces good milk, sad what poor; for good butter canmot bo made from poor milk sty moro than you can gather figa from (bistles, Again, suopln 8ay wo must take things aa wo find thom,—wild grass, bad wator, otec, Ergo, poor milk, Very ' well§ tako thom as you find thiom'; thero 1 whora tho troublo Hos § thidsubject must bo stirred up, turned upsido down, and end- over, suy way, and every way, to break up and deatfoy this rufhous practice of lotting tuls brauch of industry yield so poor results when such possibilitics exist and are within our roach, Although the qualily of our butter crowds closoly up to the best York State dalrics, a8 wo éan sliow by accatnt aales, aiiil wo aro Dat happy. We all want creameries, n thelr broadest aud best sense, aud to bandle butter from 10,000 cows, cach oo of ug, aud to have every pound of it to sell at the higheat market prices, Wo don't want to seo this thiug go backward, but forward and upward to tho hl#hul porfection of grt. Wo want to learn how to miako better butter, and moro of it, from the suma amount of millr, not how to make butter from tallow, arlard, or rancid butter awoet, or a rotton applo sound, Nfif Ith in tbeso things 18 weak ; but I liave strong faith Jn tho posaibility of improving the quali- ty aud increasing tho quantity of butter iu tho West, Tho first steps must bo faken by thoso having chargo of tho cows, the second by those hav- ing chorgo of Mo milk, and_ tho third Dy those hiaving charge of the butter, Now, nccord- ing to this ordor of things, I really como Inst; but I don't fntend to bo loast, aud hopo to have ta look well tomy Iurels 1o avold it. I hava received o numbor of vory flattering lottera jn Tolation_to my influenco in improving tho butter in the West, I have worked,and usod what Hittle influcnce I poascssed, but my offorts acem to mo o bo but partially offoctivo; and tho ton- dency smong many ia to scttle down to a lower stand- ard. aud trave! in the old ruts rather than put their shouldor to tha wheel o raluo it up to that high emi- menco of which it is possible. You farmers look to this and help us to organize into Granges? No; but {uree, four, elght, a dozen, o many us éam ork baodlly togothior, 0x up a milk-room and churning-depot, tako your milk thore, have it welghod, credited to you, bandled by oue competent person, milk sct, cream nkimmed,chisrned, lins cleaned, bulter woighed and sold ; do away with one hired-gir); pay o Tazt of what sio would cost for taking chargo ‘ot {ho ‘mill-room ; havo milk enotgh in tho Liousa for coffea ; bring your butter to churn to the Qutter-factory from ali directions, aud got from 1 to & cents more for it, Then you can make more monoy, taka Four sour milk home, fatten pigs, lot the woran’ huve & rest, mako better buttor, entlco bityers from nbroad, Lrigg mar- Kets to yonr door § do somothing to let tho world know tiero {61 Weat snd poopla o, 1t who koow Low (o mako butter, [Applause,] At the closo of the address opportunity was given for DISOUBIION, * f which was oponed by AMr. Woells, of Fond du Lac, who wished to hoar Buggeations in rogard to the best mothods of packing for shipmont to Enst- orn marloty, Nr. Andorson, of New York, thought tho best way to pack was in balf-fickin tubs, reuumbliug Nowv York Stato tubs, so_that tho buttor woul sell on ity merits. New York Btnto butter gen- arally rules higher than buttor of the same qual- ity known to bo made elaewhero, My, Wolls—Would you recommend shipping {:our gradon in tho game style of tubs as the est? , Mr. Andorson—I would not ship poor butter. Mr. Wolls—We must ship it; we havo to buy it, and wo can't oat it. - Mr. Andorson—I would adviso shipping all grades in thosame tubs, and letting tho quality govorn tho price, Mr. John A, Dako, of New York, was callod upon for his views, and gave them at somo Iength, and in & monner which afforded much amusowment, o bolieved buttorin good uniform ficking sells bottor than that packed in poor shape, Full firking will onrry butter bettor in hot weathor than half-firking,” First-olass trado in Now York genorally profors butter put up in tubs or pails, but for shipping long distances ficking are boetter. Whitcoak or aul'is best for tubs, DBass wood covers would not do, Tho buttor would bo apt to tske tho flavor of tho wood, ag it is very essily impm?mod with any odor or flavor coming near it. I bave boew in'tha butter business & good many years, T'ho lurgost singlo aalo I over mado was $11,000, aud the emallest, 1 think, about a pound. i don’t see any benoflt arising from packing in. poor shape, though, for my own part, I would rather buy butterin poor puckages, for I can buy it choeapor, Theso procosses of handling invented b{ my brothor aud others aro a damage tomo, for I can't buy buttor whioh has gong throngh their mills a8 low as ITean mixed lots. I don't bLeliove buttor can bo bandled in sny way am woll ss upon the farm, Uoing ‘packed as soon as possible after loaving the ohurn, Iaking ~ butter from vatious farms and mixing it, tho common butter gonorally prodominatos in tho flavor, The naarer you oan got to tho churn in salting and roking, and the loss It is rubbed and worked, hue breaking the grain, tho botter. Mr, 0. W, Chage, of Now York, favored the * Blue Tub" rathor than tho * Welsh ‘fub."” The half-firkin is bottor than the * Bluo Tub" it woll mado. Bomo quality of buttor will soll nbout oqually woll in * Blne Tub” as in ** Walsh Fub' or hal-figkin tub if well finished. I giva tho proferonce to the finished half-firkin tub, Mr, D, W. Dako boped tho timo would coma whon we at the Wost could take the concoit out these New York mon on packages s woll as on quality of Lutter, - Mr, Deobtold, of New York, hnd_frequontly noticad that bubtor in Welsh {ubs brought s mucl in Now York a that packed in half-firkins. The firm represontod by this gentleman makes a specialty of Wolsh butter, Lister, of Jaok- sou, Mich,, thinks Coldwator, Mich., is hoad- ;lunrturs for tho Wost for gotting firkin or halfs irkin tuba, IHoro followed a prolonged talk about soakagoe, oducing the opinions that it {s well ta thoroughs Iy soak tubs befaro packing, and to chuoxe wool loast porous, Indiaua wood was consldorod more llablo to oxtra soaknge than that from Michlgan, and the lattor than Now York wood ; upland timber more so than lowland, Mr, Wells, of Milwaukee, inquived whother it in Lottor whon butter comos in rolls to ship it In eamo shapo, or to paock. Mr, John A, Dake thought, as a gonoral rule, It was botler Lo paok it. Thid yoar vory littlo bulteris to bo had in rolly, and it consequontly rules high, bub gous orally Now York butter solls fr blfln’sr prclod than in rotly, 0 10 0 14 coata . 1, Shiorman, of Monticello, In,, said ho had shipped both ways, and last yont found o diffor- ence of 7 to B conts por pownd, this year from 5 to 4 conts, in favor of packed bultor, Buggentions wore horo mndo by varlous par- iles in rogard to rofrigorator-oars, and varlous modes of keoping tho buttor cool in transit, Ono gentloman thought tho cars should utart out with Ious lcs, and bo ro-fcod mora froquently, Mr. G, H. Folton, Agont of tho Empiro Line, statod that froquont folng was not practicablo, It would causo groat delsy and oxponso, In ox~ tromo lot woather, wo fco threo times hotwoon Chicago and Now York, aud cars_invariably are rivo at deatination with Ico In tho boxos, Much sntisfaction was oxpressad with uso of rofrigorator oars. D, W, Dalio, of Beloit, lnd had excollont succoss using flannel sonked in wator a8 n substitate for ica in cartying butter to tho croamory, aud thought some plan conld bo dovisod for using tho sama prineiple in cara, Evaporation I a cooling process, aud with a breozo thiough tho” cars ane ovnromuun going on, ho thought butter would go through in bot= tor shapo- than with tho ‘use of ice, Othors thought wetting tho tubs would discolor thorn, and 80 injuretho enlo. One or two partlos ling had qood siiccoss shipping ' packages 1w burlups, The importance of shipplug in neat and clean packnages was gonorally conceded. . Adjourned until 7:80 this evening. EVENING BESBION. \ Tho quoation of comparative merits of various stylos of tuby, pails, &e., oamo up ngata in the ovoning. . J. Goodwin, Bsq., gavo his oxpo- rienco in making butter nn‘h shipping in the Woscolt raturn pall, having hed cxcoliont suc- coss with it, 2 Mr. Duke advisod the Convention to visit Mr. Goodywin's dairy farm, near Belolt, and oxamine his admirable syatom of buttor-making, Somo ;l;untlomen thonght roturn pails wero undosirable or varlous reagons, Somo gontlomon thought buttor handlod by Greamer's machinos would not keop a8 woll as dairy-mado butter. Mr. Lestor, of ilichignu, roported oxcollont success with Dake's process in hotteat summer weathor, Mr. Eagor, I. A, Palmer, DBurnhnm, of Jackson, and othors, ‘gavo strong = tes- timony ' In favor of ~tho Duke pro- cesy, Mr, Goodwin gavo it as his opinton a8 an oxperionced dalryman that .buttor can be made by Dake's Erocuua just as woll a3 ho (Goodwin) could mako it a¢ his dniry, undor the samo conditions, ¥. A. Palmer, of Tulton County, 0., made 83,000, handling buttor by Dake's proe coss, in four -months. Mr, Enger, in tho samo torritary, mado 1,600 in ono month, and then sold tho county for 85,000, Mr. Bochtold said this process had rovolutionizod the butter busi- ness, Aftor music by a brass baud, an *' Asso- clation - of Manufacturers and Dealers in Cronmery and Factory Butter," was formed, and the following oficors electod : President—Danigl W, Dako, Belolt; Vice-Preaidonts— James Anderson, New York ; 8, W, Lester, Michigan ; 1L D, 8horman, Iowa; W. oxtor, Illinols ; Emer~ 80 Engor, Indfana ; W, McGinuis, Olifo;.J, . gar, Minnceota ; F, H, Willis, Wisconuin ; torfield, Massachusctin s E. L. Kemp, Maryland W. Dunlap, Peunsylvania: Becrotary—R, P, Wells, Milwaukoe s Treanurer—Robort Lanadale, Indfna > Comunittoe to Draft By-Laws and Rules—Emerson Eaw ger, Indlans ; 8, W, Lostor, Michigan ; Jumes Andor- sou, New York, Voted that ropresentatives of railrond lincs prosont be olected honorary membors. Voted to meot at Indinnapolis tho third Wednesday in > June. At this point James Andorson, Esq., presented a watch, in bohalf of himself and o few friends, to Mr. Dake, with tho following romarls : - M, Daxe: In bolialf of your friends and patrons, T have the plossure of presonting you with this token of their entcom and friendship. I ahould Itk it, had 1 the ability to apoak what I fool, to tell you how much your encrgy and lntolligence havo added to {ha wealth of tho country, and more especially {0 that of the Weat, 1t can earcely be computed at this early duy 3 but, in my humble oplnion, it i3 vast, Your useful {nyonilon 18 8till 1n ita infoncy, aud overy day must add to your Lonor, and, wo liope, at tho samo timo - to your wealth, 88 it richly denorves, v Tho * token " conaisted of a_fine gold watch with eugravings of the two Dake machines on the case. Mr. Dako was quito overcome by this unoxpeotod tyrn of affairs, aud could only ra- tutn thanks, without attompting any spcech. Tho affuir was ono of the very pleasant things of tho gceasion, nud much interest was manifost- ed in the examination of tho beautitul watch, At nbout half-past 10 p. m. tho Convention adjourned, e THE STATE-PRINTING FRAUDS. A Romarkabile ftevolation. BPnINorIELD, 1L, Maroh 2, 1874, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune : 8r : Did you over hear of a man go ambitious of shame, so hungry for digraco, that ho eagerly and gladly covered himself with the blackest in~ famy i the vain hopo of doing a littlo damage to bis neighbor's pockot ? Probably not, for tho charactor is now, the combination of qualitics rare, But give your attontion a moment, and ou shall sco such & one, in form and feuture aa {m latoly appoared boforo the Printing Commit- teo of the Houso of Ropreseutatives of tho Gens eral Asgombly in this city, Lot ua goback a little, Inthe summor of 1872 tho stock of the Illinois State Journal Com- pany, of Sprivgfield, wis_mainly hold by threa orsons : [irst, Gon. M. Brayman, a well-known awyer and politician, now residing in Wiscon- sin." Noxt, Maj. William I, Baithucho, o sol- dier who won hia rank by gallant bravery as a Qunrtermaster in such bloody conflicls as the various populous and fashionablo citios of tha North afforded during the War; who thereby gnthered richos, and wont on Wall streot to be richer, succoeding, as novices usually do: this gontloman was tho business-mauager for the Journal Company,—n position he had occupied most of the timo sinco 1855, hird and Inst was r. D. L. Phillips, the presont editor and prin- clpal ownor of the Jowrnal, who is too woll Enown to need further introduction, ‘Though.owning far less than a majority of tho stocls, Beayman and Bailbaclio had contrived, by various devicos, to obtan and hold complete con- trol, both of tho nuyn:fiannr and of the finauces of the Company. Finding himsolf uttorly power~ loss, Mr. Phillipsloft in disgust, and was absent at tho East for several weeks; during which time tho contract for Btate printing was mado, That contract was taken by Maj. Batlhacho in Lis own nnmo, instead of leiug made to tho Journal Company, whoso buumeu!-nfizout Lo was and all the whilo had been, Mr. PInllips return- od to find tho concorn pressed for money, its in- dobtodnoss rapidly accumulating, and things onorally ot Jooso ands, going from bad to worso. §Ipnn attemptivg Lo assumo his proper place in the Company, ho found agreomont and compromise allko impossiblo; and soon saw olearly that either hls nssociates must go ont, or he must be ruived. Tho result was, that ha bought out the Genoeral and tho Major, pxlntmi;-concmut andall, and paid them the casl in full. Now, after tho lapso of nearly two yoars, Maj. Bailuache bogins to seo thal ho is out of the Journal Compauy for good,” with no hopo aof over touching a printing-contraot sguin; and hio caunot forgivo tho man that hus thus cut short his_unoxampled careor. Thut wrong he now sooks to avougo by destroying the comirnct, sud injuring the stock which he then sold at his own price in rash. Iloar bim as ho eagorly rolutos to tho Invuuli[;n(hlg Committeo what lio did in the matter of tho bresont contract, and also while ho roveals with conscious pride tho detnils of al) tho radealitios in connection with formor gon= tracts, which it bas been the vne business of hie lifo to do for a score of yoars, * Cortainly Lo had used monoy to obtain this contraot,—always dld whon neceasary. Such bad been bis invariablo custom for tho last twonty yoars ; nover supposod thore was any- thing wrong about it. And then cnme & statoe mont of the amount of money pald out to so- oure thia particuler contraot, and a list of thouo who had received it, o Did vot always pay money for a contract ; of courso nok ; it was not necessary, DBut bio nover went to o lotting without two sorts of bids, flghting bids in one pookot, and o trading bid in tho othor, Nover could tell until the last mo- ment whather it would bo a trade ora soufllo; must bo ready for botl. In coso of o contest, ho always had a varioty of bids, mado out jn the nauies of varions oo~ lo, whose writton assignments ho took bofore- iand Lo provent accidont, 'heso bids wore all difforent, but each eno was vorvlow on some parts of the work whero not much was oxpocted }n be dono, ‘Then the State officors could taka the figures that suited thom best, and which thoy thought the lowest, whilo really thore would not Do 600 differonco betwoon any of tho bids, Usu- ally managed, by somo meaus, to Lisvo ouo of his bidy uccninod. Would he oxplain straw-bldding? Ho wonld, with ploasuro, In that case, you put in & num- bor of bidy, far bolow a living price, and 8o mok all compatition, Then, whon'the lowest straws bid was alout to bo accopted, somo iuformality ot defect would bo discovered, eithoer {n the bid or in the bond, rendoring that bld worthloss, In this way the various etraw-bids would bo drawn out, until one was renched which offered a prolit, All theso oporations might requive the use of maney, Did the Commitige wish to hear any ‘moro? No, the Comuittoo had heard enough, ~And no, with \zrncuml bow, Maj. William 11, Bafllnolis atepped softly aslido, having made for himvelf, in ton brlof minntos, a oharnetor which stands uns matohed and incomparable in a1l the records of tho past, ‘Seeking to blagkon and injurg alhors, ke succovded only iu displuyiug bhiwsolt, -