Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 14, 1874, Page 10

A ¥ A b2} e i 4 'RELIGIONS. fave before you ia. broad outlin map of {he whcle world. COMPARATIVE STUDY 0P ‘MELL A1) fhese religione, *however, havo s history, 8 history more desply intereating than tho history 4 of ianguage, of literature, of arts, bf politica. | which the ‘missionary spirit hus been at work, Religinns are nof anchangesblo; on tho contr they are alwars growing and cusnging; and if | o)1 'o bear wituess _to tho -truth, is treated tiey ceate to grow and cease to change, they |'wit), pity or scorn.. The former ave alite, (he ceas to live. Some of theso religious séand by, | latter are dying or dead. . ? themselves, fotally independent of all the rest ; others are closely united, orhavo influcnced each ot Loroader the i other duriog the variona stages of their growtl | CFT, of Dscie, M Teriea En, DI 100 and decsy. They must therefors be studied o~ | }ave bécomo the religion of the civilizod we wieh to understand their real char- | jsnow professed by oniy 165,000 souls—that is, growih, their.decay, aud their resus- |+by about a_ten-thousandth part of the in- XON-MISSIONARY RELIGIONS, 8 clagsifications' which havo | even that enormous number fells much been applied to.the religions of the worid, thers = one that interests’ us more immedit night, Tmean the division into non-missionary and missionary religions, 28 might be supposed, » classification bassd on a0 amimportant or merely accidental characteris- tic ; on the agntrary, it rests on what is the very beart-blood in every system of human faith. Among the six religions of the Arvan and Semi- 0 q 1 r ¥ tic world, there are three that are opposed to-all | feet; it may live o, like the lion and the tiger, misgionary eonterpriss—Judaism, Brahmanism. | but the mere E 0 c and Zerosstrianism ; and shree that have a mis- | life Will extinguish it A religion may linger on sionary character from their very beginning— ted | Buddhism, Mohsmmedsnism, and ~Christianity. | messes of - the people, becauso it is there, and ligion was_ to them.sa. tre blessing, something to diati chosen peopie of God, from 21l the rest of the “world. A Jewmust be of the sced of Abraham ;’| Women, and men in Indis who {fall ‘down before and whon i Iater times, owing chiefly. to politi- | the stone image of Vishuu, with his four srms, the- Jews~ had fo admit | Tiding on a creaturo half bird, hslf man, or xtzangers 1o some of the privileges of their the- | Sleeping on the serpent; who worship Biva, & acs, they looked upon them, Kot as gouls that | T I Dad boen cained, saved, Dorm again into a new | With & necklaco of kulls for hi OraAmCDt. brotherhood, but as- strangers; s proselytes man who ¢ v which meens men who lisgu domo to them as | §od of war, Kartikeys, with six {uces, riding on aticns, not to be trusted, ‘rs- their saying was, antil the twenty-fourth generstion. = val -circmstazces; A véry similar feeling provented the Brabmans | 0n a rat. Nay, from ever attempting to prosélytize those who ninet 2 $id Lot by birth belong to the spiritaa! aristocra- | the goddess Kuliis carried through' the atroets of theircountry. ‘Their wish was rather to p tha light to themselves, to repel intraders ;.| 'y wout 50 far as to punish thosé who hap- penicd Lo be near enough to hear even the sound of their prayers, or to witness their sacrifices. % ZOROASTEIANISM.. = . The Parsi, too, does not wish for converts to his religiou; Le is proud of Lis faith, a8 of Lis blood ; and though he believes in the final victory of truth and light, though he says to eves man, *Be bright as the sun, pure as the moon,” the r be himself. does very little to drive: away spirit- | veligicn foo is defid and unl darknees from” the foce of the earih, by lotting e light that i within him ghine befors .. MISSIONARY RELIGIONS. the il But zow lot ug look at the other cluster of re- | missianary relj ligions, ot Budahism, Mohammedsnism, and | i*m, and Chridtianity. Chrietiznity: However they may differ from cach otbierin some of their most essential doc- trines, this they share in common—they al have faith in themselves, they-all have life and vigor, ltey want to convince, they mean to conquer. From the very carliest dawn of their existence 8 B these threo religions were missionary ; their | 548 of mankind. ° very founders, or their first apostles, recognized the new duty of E]'lkl:':di;g’lbe trl?lmt' of ‘lgilutinlg inging e whole worl 0 Knowl- = R o by not the diving, suthority | hbathenism iu thiat vast and populous area: ‘hat is what gives to them sll & common expression, and lifts them high ts o, Thove the Jevel of theother religions of the | and Egypt: and its grestest conquests by mia. - »dge the paramonnt of iheir doctrines. y BUDDJISM. 1 Lot s begin with Buddhism. We know, in- 5eed, very little of Its origin and earliest grotwth, for the earlicst beginnings of all religions with- d draw themselves Dy necessity from tha eye of | Posts ard' scattered all over the world., the histcrian. Bnt walllx]n\'a somélbhing"l:kg {:&m; i« i of theGreat Council, heldat | io t y Wa [%“&’Efifi.??fé ‘ffec.f in which the sacred canon |-kind,. will heve to be fought, and is being fought of the Buddhist scriptures was. sottled, and ab thie'end of which missionaries were chosen and gent forth to preach the new doctrine, not only \n India, but far beyond the frontiors of thavast zountry. We pcasess inscriptions containing the edicts of the King who was to Buddhiem what Constantine was to Christianity, who broke with | _ What, t} the iraditions of the old religion of the Brah- | missionaries? n mans, and recognized the doctrines of Buddlia | on foreign missions when there ate childron in as the State religion of Indin. We_possess the | our cities who aro allowed to grow up in igno- description of that Buddiist Council, which was | rance? Why shoald wo deprive ourselves of to India what the Gouucil of Nicea, 57) years | some.of the: noblest, beldest, most ardent and Iater, was to Europe: and we can atill re: 5 y the simple story, how the Chief Elder, who had | ness, while so many laborers are wanted in the L, 24 old man, too weak | vinerard at hame? £0 travel byland, and catried from his hermitage to the Conncil ‘in ‘a boat—how that man, when the Council was over, began to reflect on the fu- | who. tell us thal every couvert costs us £200, ture, and found that the timo bad como fo estab- | and that at the present rato.of progress it Tish the religion of Buddha in foreign countries, : 0 > ovange] He_therefore dispatched some of the most | world, - Thereis nothing at all startline.in these eminent priests to Cashmere, Cabul ther west, to_the colopies founde: ks in Bactris, .to Alessndria on the | Caucasus, and_other cities. there L end for- | £ d by the- Dbist pricets. * We still ! mamx;er of preaching. When ihreatened by in- 0 ed crowds, one of those Buddhist muemn—l fiom it, we must zries paid calmly, ** Even if the Eods were united with men, they would not frighten me away.” And when he had brought tlie people to listen; he dismissed them with the simple prayer, ‘“ Do -| not horeaftar give way to pride and anger ; care | for the heppinees of all living beings,and abstain Max Mueller’s Lecture " in | fin Sichne Betend e soriill o ol estminster Abbey. mankind ; let there be peace among the dwellers on e o 4 No doubt, the acconnts of the snccesses J achioved by those early missionaries are exag- gorated, and their fights with snakes and - drag- The Son-Hissionary Religions: Judaism, | Somecd ant eoiens roming. o5 sometimen of tos Brahmanism, aud Zoroastrianism. - . legendary.sccounis of the achieyements of such , raen ag St, Patrick in Ireland, or St. Boniface in .. Gerranny. But the fact that missionanes were | sent out to convert ¢ho.world seems beyond the reach of doubt ; and - this fact represeuta tous | The Missionary Religions : . Buddhism, | 3t thas time new thongh, now, not only in the Mohammedanism, and Chris- history of fndia. but in’ the history of the °| whole” world: The'recognition of & duty to presch th truth to -every man, woman,: and child, was an idea'opposed to the deepest in- stincis of Bralmanism ; and when, at she end of the chapter on the_first missions, we read_the simple ‘wobds“ of the old chronicler, . ““Who The Decisive Battle for the Dominfon of | 157 demur, if the salvation of tho werld ‘ia at the World to Be Fought Be- 3 tween the Latter. steke 27 we' feel at once that we move in & new world, we see the dawn of & now day. the open- ing of vastér “horizons,—we fees, for tho first time in the history of - the world; the beating of the great heart of humanity. " MOMANMMEDANIEM. True Christianity Lives, Not inQur Be~ | “myq goran breathes a difforont spirit;” it does lief, but in Our Love.’ ‘not invite. it rather compels, the world ‘to come in. Yet there are passages, particularlyin the earlier portions, which show that Aohammed, Prof. Max Maaller's recent leoture in West- | t00, had reslized tho idea of humaaity ead of & e wishe religion of humanity; nay, that at first minster Abbey, which has created such & pro- i “ 1655 3 - - el S a s & -f b to his own religion with that of the Jews found'sensation tn Eagland, ie repiinted in fall | uid " Ciristisns, comprebonding l under. the by the Boston Index from s pamphlet-edition of | common name of Islam. Islam meant originally the lecture furnished by the author fo that pa- | humility or devotion; and all who humbled It is 85 fotlows : i The pumber of religions which havo attained “t5a tho true worship of God. stebilify and. permanence in. the history of the | Selan b e e e > world is very small. If we leave out of con-:| lim.’ Ask thoxe who havo sacrod books, and ask sideration those yagué and varying forms of frith and- worship. which we find among dn-" 3 2 r e =el'e by . 3 way, then you have no other task but to deliver civilizod and unsettled races, smong races ig- | foT doted W Litach to them tho Lelam.” aorant’of reading and writing, who have neither * a litersture, nor laws, nor even hymnssnd prayers handed dowa by orsl teacking from rogress Jran father {o son. from mother to dsughtar, o sao | 55232 10 S if g;gfgtg;:.fizy?gflg it that tho number of the real historieal religions | .\ Gg yo therefore and teach all uations, baptiz- of mankind amounts to Do more than eight. The | ing them in the namo of the Father, and "of the Semitizraces havo produced three—the Jewish, | Son, and of the Holy Ghost ; teaching them to themselves before God, and were filled with real, reverence, were .called Moslim. ‘“The Islam,™ onmén dispute with you, say, ‘Iam a Mos- the heathen: ‘‘Ara you Moslim 7' If they are, thoy are on tha right path; butif they turn CHUISTIANITY. 1aEy As to our own roligion, its very soul is mis- sionary, progressive, world-embraciug ; it would obsérve all things Lhavo comminded : sud. lo T o tho Christicn, the Mobsmmedan the Aryan, or rve oll thinge IndoEuropein races, an eguzl mumber—the | B 4th youalias, evea uato the end o Trahman, the Buddbist, and the Parsi. Add to theso the two religious systems of Chins, that of | three relisions, Buddhism, Mohammedanism,and Coufutins and Lao-tze, and you bave before you what may b called the eight distinct languages ler i or ufterances of the faith of mankind from the g;;;;:g‘;;;;cgfgf,;;, e ?,Z",?“.ES“i,‘,-‘g;{‘_“fi:‘: beginning of the world to the presont day; you | they could not be what they are ; they could not as the religious | hive achieved what they bave achieved, unless Tt is this missionary ¢haracter pecnliar to these Christianity, which binds tbem .tosoilier, and lifts them to. bigher sphere.. Their differeuces, the spirit of truthand the spiritof love had been nlive in the hearts of their fonnders, their first messengers and missionaries. s THE FATE OF NON-MIESIONABY RELIGION. And now, let us look agaiu &t the religions in and compare them with those in which auy at- ; | temptto convince others by argument, to save . ZOROASTRIANIS. o ‘The religion_of Zoroastar,—the religion of ut for world, hibitants of the world. Daring the last two anismwould ‘be n 8 : = o LY s i | -centuries their pumber bas steadily decreased unintalligible without Christianity ; Christiazity | $UN L 630" 10 100,000, snd - amofher cen- without Judaism ; and thefe are similsr bonds | 'tury will probably exbaust what 18 still left of that hold together the great religions of India | the worshipers of tho Wise Spirit, Aburamazda. and Persia—the faithi of the Brahman, the Bad- : dhist, and the Parsi. After.a careful study of sk, 20C e el the Pareis, snd they thereforo represent & more the origin and growth of these religions, 2nd | JTRS AT S ACY PO TR, PURRCE AT affer a_crititical examination of the sacred | not likely that they will ever increase in number, books on whict: all of them profess to be found- | vet such s their physical vigor and their intel- * JUDAISML » ‘The Jews are about thirty times the number of lectual tenecity, such algo their pride of race and ed, it becomes possible to eubject them all to & ctual tene. 2 ecientifie claseification, in the ssmo manner-as | théir faith in Jehovah that we can bardly imag- gusges, spparcntly uncontiected and mutually | ine that their patriarchal religion-and their au- unintelligible, have been scientifically arranged : and by a comparison of those | the earth, . points, which all or some of {hem shire'in’ com- |’ 3 mon, a8 well 8 by a defermination of those which sra peculiar to’ each, 8 new scienco has ‘boen called into life, a science . which ‘concerns usall, and in which ail wio truly care for re- ligion must sooner or later take their part—the ecience of religion. cient customs will'soon -vanish from the face of v BRAHMANIEM. y But though the. religions of the Parsis and Jows might justly secm to Lave paid the penalty of their anti-mi-sionary spirit, ‘how, it will be s0id, cen the same be maintained with regard to the religion of the Brahmang? That religion is still professed by at least 110,000,000 of human couls, and, to_ judge from tho last census, short of the real truth, And yey I do not a1y to- | shuink_from saying that.iheir religion is dying ordead. And why? - Because it camiot stand This is by no means | the -light. of day. The worship oY Siva, of Vishuu, and the other popular deities, is of the same, nay, in many cases of a more degraded and savage character than the worship of Jupi- tex, Apollo, aud Minerva ; it belongs to o stratum ‘of ’ thought which is long burfed beneath onr but the mere air of free thought and civilized for a long time, it mny be accepted by the large there is nofhing better. But when s religion The Jews, particularly in ancient fimes; never | bas ceased to produce defenders of the faith 0 ading their religion.” Their re- | prophots, - champions, martyrs, it has coased to {heughtor sumaaiig 4 .pfivflgg,:fll’ ive; and in_this sense Brahmanism has ceased m, a5 the | t0 live for more than a thonsand years. I is true. there are millions of children, monster with three eycs, riding neked on a bull, Thero are human beiugs who still - believe in a & pescock, and_Loldifg Low and srrow in his hands; and who invokaa god of success, Ganesa, with four hands and -on_elephaut’s hesd, sitting is true that, in the broad day- light of the nineteenth century, the figure of of ‘her own city, Caleutta, her wild dishoveled hair reaching o her feet, with a necklace of human bLends, her tonguo protraded from her moutly, her girdle stained with blood. All thisis true’; but ask any Hindu, who can read and write and {liink, whetlier these are the gods ho be- lieves in, end ho will_smile-at vour credulity. How long this livisg death of national- roligion in India may fast, no one cau tell ; for our pur- ‘poses, however, for ‘gaining anideaof tao issue of the grent religious struggle of the future, that one. THE THREE LIVING RELIGIONS. The three religions which are alive, and be- tween which the decisive battle for the dominion of the world will have to be fonght. are the thres e, Buddhism, Mobammedan- y.: Though religious statis- tics are perhaps the most uncertain of all, yet it ia well o Lisve general conception of the forces of our encmies; aod it is well to know that, though the number of -Christians 'is donble the number of 3lohammedans, the Buddhiss religion still occupiee the firat place in the religious cen- Buddhiem rulés supreme in Central, Northerr, Eastorn, and Sonthern' Aeia, and it gradusally absorhs_whatever there is left of aborigmal Mohammedanism claims a8 its - own Avabi Poris, grost parts of India, Asia Minor, Tarkoy, siouary efforts are made smong- the Leathen population of Africa. i Christianity reigns in Europo and Amorica, and it is conquering the native races of Poly- nesis and 3felanesia, while ifs missionary out- Betreen these throo powers, then, tho relig- ious battlo of the futnre, the Holy War of man-, at tho present moment, though apparently with little effect. To convert a Mohammedan ia dif- fiowdt; to'convert 2 Buddhist. more difficult still ; to convert s _Christian,’ let us hope, well nigh impossible. ¢ B " OBJECTS OF MISSIONS. What, then, it may be asked is the use 'of _Why should we spend millione devoted spirits, and_send thom into the wilder- It is right to ssk those questions; and we ought' not o blame those political economists oul tako more than 200,000 years to ovangelize the'| , “Every child born in Earopo is ss much eathien as. the.child of Molanesian can- bal ; aud it costs us more than £200 to turu . i Ho sgent others | child into a Christina man. - The other cal- to. Nepaul, snd to the inhebited | culation is totally erroneous; for an ‘intcllec- ‘portions of the Himalajan Motutsins, Another | tual barvest must not.be calculated by adding mistion proceeded to the Dekhan, to.the paople | simply grain to grain, but by counting each of Mysore, to the Mabrattas, perhapsto Goa; | grain as a_living ) g forth 1y, even Birma and , Qeylon are mentioned 28 | frait a hundred and a thousand fold. k :o earliost misgionary stations of Budd- | . ‘ s B Fo FL) mosptas accoants of:their | If we want tb know what otk thare is for o that_will brin, PATERYAL M0SSIONS. missiouary to do, what results wo msy expect e i sl _l;;tawaa(x'x ti¥0 kinds Othmers T8 of work : the one'is versial. Among .unci el ‘races the work of. the missionary {8 the work of & parent; whether his pta:fla are young in years ar old, he bas to treat them with o' parent’s.love, to teach them with . & parent’s authority; he bas fo win them, not o argue . with. them. Iknow this kind of missionary work is often despised ; it is called mera religious kiduspping ; and it'is said that missionary success obtamed by. such means ‘prove nothing for the truth of Christianity ; that the child handed over to & ‘Mohammedan would grow up a Mohammiedan, a8 much as a child Christiag.’ All this is true; miseionary -success obtained by snch means proves nothing " for the truth of our creeds ; but it proves—what -ia far more - important—Christian - love. Read .only the *‘Life of Patteson,” ~the Bishop . of Melanesia; follow him in his " ‘veseel, sailing from ‘island ' to- -ivland, - béf- g for children, carryiog them off as:a mother. Eieli new-boru child, nursing-them, waghing. -and combing them, clothing them, feeding them, teaching thor in his Episcopal Palace, in’ which he himself is everything, nurse and housemaid, and cook, achoolmaster, physician, and Bishop— read thare how that'man who tors himsel? away from bis aged father, from bisfriends, from his favorite studies and pursuits, had fhe most lov- ing of hearts for theso childron,—haw indig~ nautly he repolled for them the name of sav- uges, how he trustod -them, respected them, honored them, and, when fixuy were formed and established, . took. them. back "to - their igland homes, there = to be:a leaven for futurp ages. Yes, xead the Iifo, the work, thadecth of that man, » death in very:truth, a ransom for the eins of others—and then eay,whetheryou would like ta mflpmq a profession that can call forth such self-denial, such keroism, such esnctity, such love. it has been my privilege to have known some of the finest and mnoblest spirite which Englaud has produced during this century, but there is none to whose memory I look up with greater rever- ence, .none_of whosq_friendship I feel ‘moro deeply bumblod, thon by that of that true saint, that true martyr, that truly parental missionary. The work of the parental misgionary is clear, and ita succoss undenisble, not only in Polynesia and Melaneuis, but in many parts of Indis (think only of the bright light.of Tinnovally), in Africa, in Ching, in America, in Syris, in key, sye, "in tho very heart of Loodon, Yowew CONTROVERSIAL MISSIONS. - ‘The case is " different with - the controversial missionary, who bas to_attack the faith of men brought up in other religions, in ‘religions which contain much truth, though mixed mp with much error.- Here the difficulties are im- mense, the results very discouraging. Nor need we wonder at this. -\We know, each of us, but too well, how hitle .argument avails in theological diecasgion ; how often it produces tho yery opposite result of what we expeoted ; confirming rather than shaking opinions no less orroneous, 1o - less indefensible, - than many articles of the Mohammedan or Buddhist faith, -And eyen when argument proves successful, when it forces a verdict from an unwilling judge, how often‘has the result- been' disappointing; because in tearing up the rotten stem on which the tree rested, its tenderest fibres have been injured, its Toots unaottled, its life destroyed. Wo have little ground to expect that thesd con- troversial weapous Will carry the day in the strugglo between the threo great reiigions of the world. L INDIRECT INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY But thete i8 a third kind of missionary activity, which has produced the most important results, sud through which alone, I believe, the fiu victory will be gained. .Whenever two religions are brought into coutact, when members of each live together in pence, ebstaining from all direct attempts st conversion, whether by force or by argumens, thouglh conacions ali the time of the fact that they and their religion aro on their trial, and they arg being watched, that they are xesponsible for all they say and do, the effect had always been the groatest blessing to both. It calls ont ali the best elements in each, and at the same tine keops under all that is felt tobe of doubtful yalue, of uucertain trath. Whenerver this .has bappened . in the history of tho world, it has generally led" sithor to tho re- form of both syatems, or to the foundation of & rew religion. N Zaxy INFLUENCE OF MOHAMMEDANISX ON BRAIMANIEM. When, after the conquest of Indis, tho vio- lent measures for "the ‘conversion of the Hindus to Mohemmednnism had - cease and Mohammedans - aud - Brabmans live: together in .the enjoyment _of perfoct equality, the rosult was. a. purified Mobamme- danism, and a purified Brabmanisti, 'The woz- shipers’ of -Vishnu, -Siva, snd other deities, became ashamed of these mythologfcal-gods ; and wero led to admit that thera was, either over and above these individual deitics, or in- stead of them, o higher divine power (the Para- Bralima), the true sousce of all being, the only snd almighty raler of the world. That religioas ‘movement assunied its most importaut devel- opment st the beginning of the twelfth centiry, when Ramanugs founded the re- formed ‘sect of tbe worshipers of Vishouj and - ogain, in the fourtcenth - century, when bis fifth successor, Ramanands, imparted a still more liberal character tfo fhat powerfnl sect- Not only did he abolish many -of the re- sirictions of caste, many of the minute core- monial observances. in eating, drinking, sod ‘bathing, but he replaced the clagsical Sanscrit— which was upintelligible to the large masscs of the people—by the living vegnaculars, in which he preached a purer worship of God. EABIB, - The most remarkable man of that time was o weaver, the pupil - of Ramananda, koown by the ~ nsme of _ Kabir. He indeed deserved the name’ which the ‘members of,the reformed gect claimed for them- gelves, Avadhuta, which moans one whohas shaken off the dust of suparetition, He broke entirely with the popular mythology and tho customs of the ceremonial law, and . addressed himself alike to Hindu and Mohammedan. Ac- cording to him, there is but one God,.tho creat- orof the world, without beginning aud exd, of inconceivable purity, and irresisible etrength. The pure man is the imsge of God.and after death sttains community with God. The com- mandments of Kabir ara fw :* Not toinjure any- thipg that has life, for life is of God; fo speak thu trath; tokeop aloof-from theworld; to obey the teacher. His poetry is most beanti- ful, hardly surpassed in any ojher Jpuguage. NANAK, FOUNDER OF THE SIKJ RELIGION, Still more important in the history of .India was the reform of Nenak, tha founder of the Sikh religion. He, too, worked entirely ia the spirit of Rabir. Bothlabored to persuade the Hindus and Mohsmmedans that the truly es- Bential parts of -their creeds wore tho eame, that they ought to dizcard the varieties of practical detail; aud the corruptions of their teachers, for the worship of the One Only SBupreme, whether he was termed Allah or Vishou. - The effect of these relizions reforms hss been Lighly beneficial ; it has cut into the very roots of idolatry. and has spread throughout Indis sn in- telligent and spiritusl worship,” which may at any time develop into a higher national croed. INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY ONX BEARMANISIL -The ‘same effect which - Mohammedism pro- dnced on Hinduisr is now being produced in a much higler degrce on the religious mind of In- dis by the mere presence of Christianity. That silent influence began to' tell many yoars ago, even at a time when no missionaries wWero allow. ed within the’ territory of the old East In Company, BAM MOHUN ROY AND THE BRAIDIA-SAMAT, Its firat representative was Ram Mohun Rog, bor jutst 100 years ogo, in‘1772; who died at Brietol in 1833, the founder of the Brahm: ‘Samaj. ‘A man 8o highly cultivated snd 80 hig Iy religious ps he was_ could not but feel humil- iated at the spectacle which the -popular religion of hia country presented to his English friends. He drew their attontion' to the fact that there was a purer. religion o bo found in.the qld encred vritinga of his peopls, the Vodas. He went so far as to claim for tho Vedas a divine origin, and to attenpt the foundation of & reformed faith on their nuthority. In this attempt he failed. 8 °_INSPIBATION OF TAE VEDAS. 3 No donbt the Vedus aund other works of the ancient poeter and prophets of India contain trensures of trutn which ought never to be for- gotten, loast of all by tho sons of India. Tho ate good Bishop Cotton, in his address to the students of a missionery institution at Calcutta, 2dvised them to use a certsin hymn of tho Rig- Veda in their daily prayers. -Nowhere do we find- stronger arguments u%inst idolatry, no- where has the unity of the' Deity been upheld more strenuously against the orrors of polythe- ism than by some of the ancient eages ‘of Judia. Even in in tne oldest-of their sacred books, the Rig-Vods, composed 3,000 or 4,000 years ago,— where we find hymns addressed ‘to .the differ- ent deities of the sky, the air, ‘the earlh, the rivers,—the protest of the -human heart against many gods breaks forth from timao totime with no “uncertain sound. One poet, alter he has asked to whom sacrifice is due, an- ewers, “To Him who i8 God above sll gods.” Anotlier poet, after enumerating the names of many deities, affirms, without hesitdtion, that *fthese are all but the names of Him who is One.” And even when the single deities are in- voked, it is not difiiculs to see that, in the mind of the poet, each one of the names is meant to express the highest conception of Deity of which the “haman mind" was fthen capa- ble. The god of the sky is called ‘Father aud Mother and Friend; hois the Creator, tho _Upholder of "the Universe; he rownrds virtuo and punishes sin; ne listens to' the prayers of those who love him. : !+ But granting all this, we may well understand taken by a Christian missionary becomes & | why an-attempt ta claim for theso hooka.a divine origin; and thua make them an artificial founds- tion fora new religion, failed.- S : DEBENDRANATH TAGORE. “The succeszor of Ram Mokuz Roy, the present bead of tho .Brahma-Ssmaj, the -wite and ex- cellent . Debendransth. Tagore, ‘Was -for -a time even-- mare - :decided- in- - holding to the Vedss .as -the sole -foundation of the new faith: But-this could nos-laat.~ -As soon 28 the true character of the Vedss, which bnt few people in India' can -understand, becanie iknown, - partly : through -the. efforts «of - native,’ ‘partly of: Eurapean scholars, the Indian reform- ers relinquished the claim. of divine inspiration in favor of their Yedas, snd were-satisfied with a gelection of -pasgagea from the works of - tho ancient sages of - India, to express and embody the creed which' the members of the Brahma- Bamaj hold in common: . L SR T ‘The - work which ' these religious re- formers have - been *doing in Indip 'is ex- cellent, ‘and - those’ only - who- know .what it -is,~ in religions rmatters, to break with the past, to forsake the cstablished custom of a nation, £o oppoae the rush of publi opinion, to brave adversa criticism, to subimitto social per-~ sccution, can form any ides of what those men have suffered, in bearing witness ‘to the truth that waa within them. ; SOMISM IN THE BRANMA-SAMAY. They could not ‘reckon ‘- on sny sympathy on the part of Christian missionarics; nor did their work attract nmuch attention in Europs till. 'very lately. when a schism broke out in the Brahmas- Samaj between tho old conservative party.and a nsw party, led by Keshub Chunder Sen. ¥ 4 'EESHUR CHUNDER BEN. The former, though willing to sarrender all that waa cloarly idolatronain tho ancient religion and customs of India, wished to retain all that might safely be rotained; it did not: wish to ses the religion of Indin denationalized. The other party, 1nspired and led by Keshub Chunder Sen, went. further in their zeal for_religious purity, All that emacked of the old loaven was to be surrendered ; not only caste, but even that sacred cord—the religions ribbon which mskes and marks the Brahman, which is to remind him at evary momentof Lis life, and whatever work he may be engagod in, of his God, of -his ancestors, and of his children—even that wastobe . abandon- ed; and, ipstead of founding their creed exclusive- Iy on tho ntterances of the ancient sages of their own country, all that was best in the sacred boaks of the whole world wss: selected and :formed into a new sacred Code. - ;.. The echism between thése two parties is deop- 15 to be deplored. But It 1s » &ign of lifo. It augirs sgccess rather than failure for the fu- ture. It is the same achism which Bt. Paul had to heal 1n the Church of Corinth, and be healed it.with. the words. so_often misunderstoad, “ Enowledge puffeth up, but. charity edifiath.” RELATION OF MISSIONARILS TO THE BRATMA-SAMAT. “In the efnes of our missionzried this religious réeform in India bas not found much favor ; nor ‘nped we wonder at this, Their object is to trans- ‘plant a full-grown trec. . Thoy do not deny the ‘moral worth, the noble aspirations, the sell-sac- rificing zeal of theso native reformors ; but they fear that all "this- will but increase their dangerous influence: and retard the progress of Christinnity, by drawing some of tho best minds of India, that might have been gained over to our religion, into a.different current. They feel towaras Keshub Chunder Sen as Athanasius might have felt towards Uifilas, tho ‘Arizu Bishop of tho Goths ; and yet, what would have becoms of Christianity in Eurapo but for those (Gofhic races, bat for those Ariau heretics, who were coneidered more dangerous than down- Tight pagans'?. BRAHMA-SAMAY A TRASSITION TO A NEW CREED, It wo think of the future of India, and of the influence which that couniry has alwags exercised ou the East, '~ the movemént of oligions reform which s now going on appears to my mind the most momentous it this momentous century. If our miesionaries feel constrained to repudiate it es their own work, history will be more justto them than they themselves. And, if not as the work of Christisn * missionaries, it will be recognized ‘hereafter a5 the work of thoso missionary Chris- tians who have lived in India,” as examples of a trae Christian life, who have appronched the na- tives in a truly missionary - spitit, in & spirit of truth and 1n the spirit of love ; whoso bright ‘presence has thawed the ice, aud brought out beneath it the * 0ld soil, ready to blossom into new life. These -Indian puritans are not agninst . ma: for' all. the highest pur- poses--of lifo thoy are with us, and.we, 1 trust, with thom. What wounld the early . Christisns have' ° said to men, outside the - palo - of Christianity, who-! Bpoke of Chrigt, and his dootring as some of theso Indian reformors 2 - Would they have said to them, * Unless you speak our language and think. our thonghts, unless you respect our Creed and sign our Articles, wo can have noth- ing in common with you ¢” JUESIONARIES MUST NOT BEQUILE TOO MUCH. O that Christinns, and pacticularly mission- aries, would lay to- heart the words of a mis. sionary Bishop | - 1 have for years thought,” writes Bishop' Patteson, ™ that we. seek in onr missions a great deal too much to make ‘English Chrigtiasns, ., ; . - Evidently the hea- then man is not treated fairly, if we encumber oug messege: With nnneceseary -xequircments. The ancient Church had its selection of funda~ mentals.’ . . . Any onecan see what mis- takes wehave mado in'Indis. . . . Few men thiok themselves into the stato of the Eastern mind. . . . Weseek to donationalize thess races, a3 far 88 I can Boe; whereas we ought gurely to change as-lLttle- as posaibly—oniy what is cloarly incompatible Twith tho pimplest form of Christisn teaching and practice: I do nod mesn that we are to compromisotruth, . ... but do wenot overlay it a good deal with human traditions 7' : BISHOP PATTESON AND DISHOP COTTON, - * -It we bad many such missiousries o8 Bishop Patteson snd Bishop Cotton, if Christiamty ‘were not only preached, tyt lived in that sprit, it-would then prove itself what it is—tho rolig- ion of humanity at lnrge. large enough iteelf to take in all shades and diversilies of character and race. And more than that—If this true missionary spirit, this spirit of truth and love, of forbear- ance, of - trust, of toleration, of humility, wers onco to kindle the hearts of all those chivalrons ambaseadors of Christ, tho message of the Gos- pel which'they have to- delivor would then be- come s great a blessing to the giver &8 to the recoivor. Even now, missionary-work unites, Doth at homo and sbroad, thosa who are widely separated by the barriers of theological sects. MISSIONARY WORK A BOXD OF UNION. 1 might do #o far more still. When we stand before a common encmy, we soon forget our own small feuds. But why? Often, I fear, {rom motives of prudancs only and selfishness. Can we not, then, if we stand in spirit before & common friend—can We- not, beforo the face of God, forget our small feuds, for very shame? 1f missionaries admit to their fold converts who csn bardly understand the equivocal abstrace tions of our creeds and formulas, it it necessary to exclude those who understand them bub too well to submit the - wings of their free spirit to -such galling chains? When wo try to think of ‘the majesty of God, what ‘are all those formulna but the stam- menings of children, which only a loving fathor can interpret and understand! The fundamen- tals of our religion are not in these poor creeds ; true Christianity lives, not in our belief, but in our love—in our love of God, and in our love of man, founded on our lote of God. - * TRUE CHRISTIANITY. That is tha whole Law and the Prophets; that is the religion to be preached o the whole world ; that is the Gospel which will conquer all other religions, —eveu Buddhism and Mohammedan- ism,—which will win the hearts of all men. Thers can never be too muck love, though there may bo too much faith—particalarly when it leada to the requirement of exactly the same measure of faith in others, Lot those who wish for the true success of misgionary work learn to throw in of the sbuadance of their faith; let them learn to demand less from others than from themselves. That is the best offering, the most valuable contribution which they canmake to-day to the missionary cause. Let missionaries preach the Gospel again as it vas preached when 1t began the conquest of the Roman Empire and the Gotbic nations; when it had to struggle with powers and principalities, with® time-bonored re- ligions' and triumphant philosophios, with pride of civilization and eavagery of life—ana yet came out victorious.. At that time con- ‘version was not a question to be settled by the acceptance or rejection of certain formulas or articles ; a simple prayer was often enough: * God be mercifal to me a sinner.” TWO KINDS OF FAITH. ‘Thers i8 one kind of faith that revels in words, thero is another that can hbardly find utterance; the - former is like - riches that coms to us- by inheritance ; the latter is like the daily bread, which each of us has to win in the sweat of his brow. We cannot expect the former from new converts; we ought not to expect it or exset it, for fear that it might Jend to hypocrisy or superstition. The mere be- lieving of miracles; the mere repeating of for- ‘mulns, requires no effort in converts brought up to believe in the Puranas of the Brahmans or the Buddhist Gatakas. They find it much easier to nccept 2 legend than to love God, to repeat & creed tnan to forgive their enemics. In this respect they are exactly like ourselves. Let missionaries remember that the Christian faith athome is no-longer what it was; and that it is impossible to have one creed to preach abroad, ‘another to ‘preach -at -home. ~ilach {'CEHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 14, 1874-—SUPPLEMENT. that was formerly considered as os- sential is now neglectéd; much that was form- “erly neglected is now considered as essential. I think of the laity more thaa of the clergy; but what would the'clergy bo withoat the laity ? 'bere are many of our best men, men of the grestest power and 1nfluence in literatnre, science, art, politics, aye; even in the Church iteelf, who are no_longer Christian in the old sansc of therword. Some imagine they havo consed to bo Christians- altogether, becauge they feel that they cannot beliave as much a3 othars profces to” believe. We cannot afford to lodo ‘thoso men, mor shall wo Jose’ them 'if we learn 'to be satisfid with what eatisfied Christ and the, Apostles, with What satisfies many & hard-working missionary. If Christianity ia to retsin its hold on Europs abd Americs, 1f it is to conquer in the Holy War of the future, it must throw off its heavy armor, the helmet of brass and - the cout of mail, and faco"the world like David, with his staff, his stonas, and hia shng. ~ We want less. of crecds, but 'moro of trust ; Jess of ceremony, but more of work; less of solemnity, but more of genial honesty; less of doctrine, but moro of love. ‘Thero i & faith, as small as o grain of musterd- aeod, but that grain alons can move mountains, and more than {hat, it can move hearts. What- ever the world moy say of us, of us of litile {aith, let us remomber that thets was‘ One who accepted the offoring. of the poor’ widow. She threw in bat two mites, bat that was all she had, even all her living. - THE FARM AND GARDEN. Effcct of Soil ayd Climate on Dairy- Products-=Why tho West Con Com- Pete with the Enst in Dairy-Products ==Seeding with Clover and Timothy =~Spring Rye and Wheat—Geological Rcports «= Imitation=Cider.=- Three New Grapese-Plapting of Hickory and Othor Nnise-Crows in Winieres How We Spend Our Evenings. . #rom Qur Agricultural Correspondent. . Cmaxratew, I, Feb, 12, 1674 The general impresaion in regard to the best butter and the best cheeso is, thiat the former can only be produced in Orange, and the latter' in Herkimer County, Now York. It is true that » fow baye dissented from this general opinion, but they have given noconvincing reasons there- for, In the early days of prairie-farming, when the wild grasses"were tho chief pasturage, it was generally conceded that our butter lacked tho richness and deep-yeliow color of the Now York and “the New England buiter. In timo, the biue gross, the timothy, and red spd white clover, took the place of prairie- grasses, and to these was added, in tho winter- feed, our soft gourd-seed corn ; and we had ALL THE CONDITIONS 3 of good butter and good cheeso that conld pos~ sibly be presented on the bluc-grass hills snd valloys of *Herkimer and Orange. ' But the world was not resdy to sccept this as a fact until the truth had been iterated and reiterated a thonsand times ; and even then 1t was the policy for all New York and New-England to doubt, For long years they had supposed that Nature bad given them a special charter for the making of tho best butter and the best cheeso ; but this illusion js pow dispslled, and the best butter and the best cheese deyends not 80 much on #oil or climate as on THE MANAGEMENT OF THE MILE to suit the changed conditions. Laat summer, when at a meeting on the oocs- eion of the weekly sales of dairy-products at Lit- tlo Falls, there occurred & warm discussion be- tween the writer 2nd soveral dairymen in regard to tho relative %flnlily of &mdncu and profits of ‘Western and Herkimer County dairying. - With one exccption, they insisted thatno other sec- tion could approuch theirs. The man who ex- cepted had a brother inthe dairy-business in Kane Couuty, iu this State; and he stated that his brother made us good goods as he did, and that his profits were very much greater; he could not account for it, but © BUCH WiS THE FAOT. Iinsistod that the matter was plain enough: that wo had the Juno grass of Herkimer Connty, under tho name of bluc-grass, and that the soiling with_drilled (oot broadcast sown) corn, the liberal feeding of corn and oats ground togethor, gura s richuess to-Westorn “dairy- i thiat could not be excoeded at the East. Then the cheaper lands.and tha cheaper corn settled the matter of profit. For many years to como there will be a-home-demand in tho South, West, and_nmong tho lumber snd mining districts, for all the duiry.products thet will bo produced. . Wo need not look for a market in Now York, Boston, or Liverpoo), for - THE MARKET 1S AT HIOME. But I'do not wish to have the proof of the value of our dairy-producis rest on our own afiirmation, put will bring in other avidence that soil and climate are not the only factors of valuo; rich foed, snd skill in manoging the milk under changed conditions, are to_be taken into consideration. - At the American Dairymen's As- sociation, lately held in New York, ME. B. A. WILLARD gavo tho following views on this point ¢ This fdea that the dalry-business can be successful 1y prosecuted only in a fow favored localities and upon 5 certain kind of solt iss, for Eome years, been gradu- ually giving way, as knosledg and. experienco have from time to time abundantly demonstrated the fulla~ cy of this notion, Befora tlie factory-rystem was in. troduced, and when the art of making fne butter and cheese was confined to a_comparatively few people, and 10 certain sections of the country, the failurs to produce 8 good articloin new localitics was, naturally enough, atiributed for the most part to the - goil, or some defect in the food which it produced. e It is true the food which the cow eats has some- thing o do with the quality and flavor of tho goods made from her milk; but it' has been found that good milk can be produced from s great variety of grasess and other foods, and is not confived within the narrow limits which 'was at one time supposed. But that the character of dairy-products i3 not so much influenced by soils a8 has becn commonly sup~ poeed {5 proved by the continued spproximation hich different sections are making, from year to year, toa high standard of excellence ‘i botli butter and cheese, A few years ogo, Oliio cheeso nad 3 bad Dame in the home and foreign markets, Bat of lita it has been so improved that some of our Eastern markets, like Doston, and Philadelphia, find it quite equal to'that obtained from New York. ‘ine cheese is also produced in. Tilinois and Wiacon- Ein. - Canada has,so improvea ber product that it be- gius to be'greatiy desired {n the English markets, and prices are obtained for it not infericr to thoss obtained for much of tho New York make. These facts, I think, must prove that the dairy may Do carried over a broader extent of country than many have supposed, and that, where climate and water are favorable, we may ressonably hope to make dairying successtul op a variety of soils,~if they are fertilo and arable,—by & proper manipulation of th milk, “Our people need- not bo discouraged ; for, where there is plenty of pure water, 8 reasona- ble growth of pasturage, and land suitable for the growing of corn in drills for soiling, with = supply of cheap corn and oats that may be ground for feed, we have conditions that should encourage the dairy, Wo can Letter tido over the long summer-droughts of the West with drilled corn, millet, and Hungarian grass, than our Eastorp frionds can their long, cold winters. CLOVER AND TIMOTHY. ASHLAND, Cass Co., 1IL, Feb. 2, 18T4. Will it snswer to sow clover and timothy on lsnd that has becn in corn the past four yoars? If 80, how much sced of each per ace? If clover willénot do, viould you_sow spring rye or wheat: and how. much grass-seed will the wheat or rye?" The land fsa black Prairie loam, Tathoe bad and wet, and bos a light crop of corn-stalfs now on 4, It i8 not fenced €0 35 to asture It separately, and 1 would like to mow it for oy TAM, For the sowing of clover, the land should be repared in the autumn, though, if it cam bo Enn’m\'ed early, we may often geé s good catch of seed. In this case, tho only process is to harrow down the stalks, Bow on the clover and timothy-seed, and then roll the surfaco. If the eeason i8 favorable, 8 good crop, 'imy follow. If sowing is done among tlo stalks, though-there migl;zg).m a good stand of grass and clover, yot the corn-scalks would bo much in the way of cutting and harvesting the crop. Clover does nat succeed well on wet land,—at least’ where tho water stancs for auy length of time; and, if that is tHe case, it had better be left out. 2 Spring rye or apting wheat would bo A DOUBTFUL PAYING CROP on such land ; and, if hoy is' the object, then graes-secd had better be sowa without these crops. 3 - ‘The quantity of seed depends on the condi- tion of the soil. If iu fne tilth, and the weather favorable, six quacts of grass-seed or four cach of clover and timothy, is abundant ; but, if not in good tilth, & peck of each will be considered a smail quantity when you come to harvest the cropi. GEOLOGICAL BURVEY. Ceruatia, 1L, Eeb. 4, 1874, Can you fnform me where a full ‘set 'of Beports of the Ggological Survey of this State may be obtained? ‘There are now five volumes of the Geological Survey published,—5,000 copies of each.. A cer- tain number of these go to the State Geologiat, another to tho State Library and tho use of the State for exchanres and public libraries, and the remainder 0 the members of tho Legislaturo, to ba distributed to thoso who hold the back volumes, in order that parties may have full scts of the work. This would give about eight copies or geta tc each member of ihy Benate snd House 3 [ that is, thirby-two to"each Senatorial District, It is probable that most of these bhave found their way to large pablic and private libraries, and it will be difficnlt to. obtain s fuli set without ad- vertising for thom, a8 it is possible that sats may be found in the handa of parties who would sell them. - DoTinoY-coRE. Neooy, Iil., Feb, 4, 1674, Cider is about out of the question_this winter, and nomo can bo had hers; and that which 16 sent un from Chieago is not genuine, T inderstand thers Isa patent process for making this fmitation Chicago cider; can you tell me how to obtain it JomxPT. - Thero is no patent process that I am aware of for the making of imitation-cider, but thers are sgeveral recipes gold for that purpose. The beat of theseis asfollows: Five gallonsof good sweot cider; two gallons of cider-vinegar; two Rallons of white sirup made of sugar:_ twenty- five gallons of’ water. To which 1s added one ounce of ‘the oil of apple. Thia will keep very well but ono gallon of puro spiits s generally 2dded.” This will probably make as dgood cider ag is sent out by the dealers mentioned. A cheaper imitation-cidef is made, using the fol.lawin? proportions: Oune gallon water, one pound of dark-brown sugar, half an ounceof tar- taric acid, and four tablespoonfuls of yeast. Thess ingradients sro shaken together, and tho mixture, after standing twelya bours,'is ready for use. A fow gallons maybe left in’ the keg, and it filled up from time to time without again adding the yeast. This isimproved by sdding the uice of a pound of dry applesto the 10-gallon cg. The dried apples arc boiled and the juico Ppressed out, Any person'accustomed £o good cider can essi- 1y dotect these imitations; yet there are many people Who swiack their lips over this ‘sort of drink. I knew.a restaurant-man who made and sold this rotien imitation-cider for ssveral years, until apple-cider began to be made in this neigh- borhood, when--his - business - wea- broken up. People sometimes dislike to be imposed upon, and will Dot thabk s dealer for selling them an imutatiop, though for a time tho thing may pass without challenge. X publish the above for the reason that several saloon-keapers have de- sired to kuow how this imitation-cider wes made. These recipes bave been largely sold at from &5 to $10 sach. Thoy are on a par with Sage’s vin- egar-recipe, that was advertised and sold all ovor the couniry, But,. 85 almost every country- grocer has one of them stowed away in some dark cornor of his desls, it need not be given. GRAPES. 3 - Pexry, TL, Feb, 4, 1674, You atated that the only grape of vaiue in this part of tho Stato was the Concord. What of the Touls, Eumelon, and Walter? ¢ ALS. The Tonis has killed twice in my grounds, and for that reason has been discarded. As 1o the others, I have been waiting for some one else to test them, ns I have spent ail I can afford to on new grapes. Lrom ol that T can learn, these varieties kve proved & failure, s well as & large number of others,such as Martha, Isabelia, Adirondack, Ceevaling, Lydw, Anna, Croton, etc. In a few instances, some of those have friends, but not amoag the masses of the genpla. The qwner of one of theso was offered 50,000 for the exclusive stock, but he thought that he. could do botter in selling plantsat 33. In this, however, ha ea great mistake, as people began to be euspicious of the new grapes, and: now that grape cannot be sold at any price. Crcago, Feb, 7 Last week I was in the State of New York, aud hrought home with e nuls of thebickory and buttar- nut, from old, favorite tregs ; and these 1 should like to plant m order to grow trecs in my home hero that ‘will produce like valuable nuts, How shall I manage tiem? B. If the nuts have been permitted to become partially dry, you may as well crack and eat them 3 for-no kind of soaking or art in planting will moke them vegetate. All nuta of these kinds must be kept in damp sand. from the time they fall from the trees uotil plasted, or they willnot grow. Peach-pita may be soaked and frozen after drying; bat the hickory, butternut, and black-walnut will admit of no dryimg, and the same is truo of the chestnat; while tho horse-chestnut and our native buckeye, closely-allied species, will grow after partial drying. The hickory must be plant- ed where the treca are to grow, aa it is almost; imposeible 10 transplant them with success, even at s yea® old. The butternnt, black-waluut, and chestout can be transplanted, but it is the better ,wayto plant the nuls where the trees are to stand; and theyshould never be ordered from the nurseries, as not one in a hundred will grow with ordinary treatment. Tho hickory-nuts of Now York State - havo thinper shells and are mors delicate than thoso of the West; and I do not, 'Wherefora, wonder at the anxiety of my friend in wishing to procure trees like them. . CROWS IN WINTER. Last winter, & pair of crows made their home on our grounds, though nearly five miles *from native woodland. Inthe spring they made a nest in & white-pine tree that atood in the or- chard ; and in time they raised two young black. crows. The family remained united until late in the fall; when two of them left, and now ono pair, probably the old oats, remain and give us their daily cawing. They have not been aistarb- ed, s they keep at a" respectabls distance from shot-gous. They go long, distances to neigh- boring farms, but at night come back to their [Iavorite pino-tree. So far as I can sscertain, they have not distarbed the young corn, but live ol;z insects and such food as they can find to suit. them. OUR EVENINGS, »The mild winter is the talk of the town ; yet péople manage to get gut pretty froely to our evening-gatherings, which are ss_follows: Monday ovemng, singing-school; Wednesday, eekly prayer-meeting ; Thursday, Grango ; and Friday evening, debating_Dterary socicty. To each of thego 18 a janitor, tq see that tho school- ouse is clean, warm, and well-lighted. Thero is no going to town to epend tho evenings in doubtful company, for those varied entertain- ments appear 10 suit all tastes. The Grange pumbers over forty members; and all of them buy sand sell in the “usual manuer, paying cash and getting goods at cnsh-rates ; in short, pursue the same course ag the Clubs. They buy where they can suit themselves the best, and eell totho most re- liable parties, In short, the Grange is minding its own business, and, when voting_time comes, its members will cast their votes for real busi- nese mon for offices ; but, for members of the Legislature, they will probably leavo ont dead- beat farmers and lawyers, as the present batch will suffice for & conplé of years. “RonaL, THE OLD, OLD STORY. I badg bim good-byo, ¥ith & langhing eye, In a carcless, girlish way ; But I turncd asidg In time fohide Ths tear that was bound to st=ay ¥es, I brushed it off * With a joyous laugh ; + It had fallen by him unscen : Yet he could not but know, Xre he tarned to go, What a foolish girl I had been. He could not but kmnow Why I trembled s0 7Neath the glance of his dark-blus eyo But back to my heart, From whence it would start, T ropressed the rebel sigh, 1 brried alon, Through a modey throng : But my eyes with tears were dim 3 - And my heart was sore,— 1t would beat no moro ‘With the hope I was dear to him, For his words were cold, And his parting told e the warm love-throbs to still; But my passion wild, Like 2 wayward child, ‘Would not yield to Besson's will, 1 had loved him long, Tuongh T knew twas wrong, or ho gave me no Jook o word ; ¥et, paseiog me by With s carelcss eye, The chords of my hears were stirred; . I’ve secn him smile On he loely, while Ho has sometimes {rovwued on mo Yet his name and face 1 can ne'er erase From the books of my memory, . Iwill keep them thers, And oft in prayer ‘His dear name T'll waft above; And the sugels alone, ‘When the night-winds mosn, Will hear of my hopiétess Iovo. MizeanzTTz, —_— Another Case of Blood Poison. From the St. Paul Pioneer, Feb, G, The-renders of the Pioneer ara familiar with the details of the sad and sudden death of Dr. Reiner, of Stillwater, which took place recently, from whit is called ! blood poison.” Neatly & similar case has taken place in this city- from the same canse. On Thureday .of last week Dr. G. Stanim, of this, city, made a poetmortem ox- amination of the bodyof a man named Schmetz. Doring the operation Dr. Stamm accidentally sorstched his band upon the point of one of the ribs of the body. The next day his bLand aud armr began to inflame and swelled to & frightful extent, and it was feared that amputation would have to be resorted to. The application of the most vioisnt remedies, bowever, have been a tended with beneficial results, and tho Doctor is now considared out of danger. - * e [ l TOUAN. 1N "EXGLISH . LITERATIRY, The Heroines of the Great ‘Writers, A General Lack of. St;-ong Character- .. - ization. . Wo form our opinion of a nation from their itorsture. Their mods of life, characteristics, | and morality are all mirrored 1n the works of their standara suthors. ' Of no people s this xo ; truo asof the English. - They have nat the finy art of the French to conceal their defects with ' brilliant sophistry. No Englishman conld bave | written “Camille;™ he either gives us the grossness of ““The New Magdalen,” or thepai. ty of *Chnstie Johnson.” Any ons.who cane not cross the ocean has but to read Thackeray to bave 5 mental image of the literary man, young swell, and old rous, Lotrd Steyaes and Pen. dennises. 3 Weo think of an Englishman in connection with . WOAST BEEF ASD MUTTON-CIIODS ; I alwaye imagine Pickwick eating and drinking uatil his jolly faco is all aglow with happiness, It Dickegs bad left the lunches and dinners ont of his books, how hungry they would have beea, Think of Betsey Prig and ‘Sarah Gamp withont their gin; or ** the Temperance nights, ven they Jjust Iaid o foundation o' tea fo putthe spirits atopon!” A hungry mancan read Dicken; with the same pleesure that a newshoy looks at the pies iu the baker's window, The grea: novelist was fond of the good things of the table, and disgusted Irving by bis gormandizing, Thackeray don’t depend upon eating and drink- ing to give his books 3 relish; but his picture of Becky's breakfust is very tempting to & woman, Think of the gentle Becky having her chocolate brought to her bed every moming by her hus. band. Ob, immortal Thackeray! you did o MORE FOR WOMAN . by that little piciure than yon injured ber by all your slurs and earcasma. But Becky vas un- steful’; and, after she had driven this model wsband *away, she was not as fastidious in her babits; for, when Jo Sedley called at her humble lodgings, she Lid the brandy-hottle and dish of meot inthe bed. . Thackoray esys Steelo was tho first English vriter who Bpoke of women with respect, or thought they were anything but dolls of idiota, Quite an admission for the man who gays him- self they are all fools or devils; but hiy admi- ration of Steele discloses more faithin the sex than he professcs.. After all, his women are a3 good as his men ; he fakes off all the glitter from human nature, and only the poor, shabby, every-day article is loft. ‘Englishmen never draw STRONG OR LNDEPENDENT CHAZACTERS for their heroines. Porhaps they bave bud no model to copy from,—I hasten to putin befors Buy one else can say so. But genius should te capable of overlooking ‘the . petty prejudices of the time, and discovering the possibilities of hu- man nature. Women have been sdvancing for the last two hundred years, and yet uo Engiish author, e.copting Shakspears,” has anticipated: or acknowledged the fact, - but each has always had his one ideal heroine. Coleridge says Des- demona is just the woman every man wixhes for in & wife,—oue whose wisdom is of the heart rather than the head. It is strange men never have anything to say about iwhat kind of & man will make'the best hufband ; they ‘don’t consider that of much importance: ‘The wife hus oply to tluuk like Desdemona whon she siys, *Be't as your fancies teach you. Whate'er you be, I am obedient.” . Charlotte Bronte was the first English novel- ist to draw an independent and. spinted heroina, INTELLECTGAL, BUT WOMANLY,— two traits an Englishman had never.combined, It must havo been the creation of herown brain, or what she knew herself and otliers capable of, more than the representative English woman of the time. Justin McCarthy, who is alvays just, says: *The statelicat Oricntal, the moss stoical red Indian, could bardly be s mare im- gnsuive creature than ‘am saverage. well-bred English ssomsn.” They seem to have very littls individuality ; we continually see the same faces in differcni dress. Tho young girls may be coquettish, prim, or kittenish ; but the woman is always the same. 3 ‘We think of Mrs. Bate Crawley, Mrs. Varden, and Mrs. Mackénzie a8 the representative Brit- ish matron; always on the lookout for a good mateh for thoir properly-brought-up daughters, They don't seem to have the taste in dress or induatry of the American, but tako life easy and grow fat, which causes us to suspect that the Tooms are sometimes dusty and theé mustress' sibpers down st tho . hecl, Like poor irs. Vragge's. Sir Walter Scott gives us Di Vernon and Jen- nie Doans,—both btrong, original characters. Thero anpears to be more independence and originalily about T, SCOTCH WOMEN than wo see in the Euglish. Scott found mod- els for Jennio Deans and Ellen Douglasamong his own Highlands; and Thackeray found Bosas Etbels in London socicty. . Swift wos _contemptuous and patronizing to women. Addison used them 28 a cat’s paw to display Lis wit ; bo saw only their lictle Lollies, 5o 9es sk to theis nosd qualities. Pope. had a great deal of maudlin seutiment, buf hs was cold and gelfish, and, liko all such men, Lad very little honest g:;pecb for women. Some writerhns said, *Show me what aman reads, “and I will tell you what kind of a man he is. But a better test would be to know, WIAT HE THISES OF WOMEX, Dickens _does not give us any such heroines as George Lliot; he paints them as they are, or ought to be; but ho, like all men, paints them ss o Likes to have them. Dora and Bells are charming enough, and . Agnes i3 goody-goody; ~ but ho _ burlesqued old women. Byron encers at virtue and intellect alike. Shakspeare riscs sbove the projudices of theage ; he does not, like.othar writers, contin ually givo us our ideal of womanly perfections, There are no two female characters alike in all his plays ; each has os distinctiva a personality as the e. Wo know this from the fact that no actress, nowever great her genius, has bsen able to rise above mediocrity in mare than two or three characters. MMrs. Siddous, who was €0 celebrated zs Lady Macbeth, could not sce any- thing in Juliet. One woman cannot_play boia any more than the eame_actor can be equally great in Hamlot and Macbeth. Portisis the first woman we read of to appear in a court of justico, and she 18 nob described as loes svomanly for £o doing. Beatrica is fully the equal of Benedick; aud Julies is 8 independeat, s BTRBONG-MINDED OIRL ; she brings Romeo to terms when she says, “It that thy bent of love be honorable. thy purpesa marriage, send me word to-morrow, by one that T'll procure to como to theo, whers, and what tite, thon wilt perform the rite." Lady Jlac- beth'is the equal of her husband .intelleciually, with & clearer mind to devise and & strocger will to executo her purposcs; she is not 80 uz merved by superstitions fears, Carisle does not consider women of much ~ consequence; he would lke the power of keeping her im, what thinks, her. place. But what does Cszile like? Bulwer, who ia cither bombastio or sentimental, always has tho nld-!gamnn!d heroine, animated dolls, subject to man's gener- osity or villainy. It is a curious fact that a man cither don't give a woman credit for what sbe can do, or else he goes ta tho other extreme, s overrates her. The firstis the result of anar- | row mind and prejudice; the otherof generost~ ty and gallsntry. The Englishman is tha 30T UNGALLANT OF MEN. - e has pot the good nature of the Germsn of the politences of tho French. A Iady 18 n0% treated _with tho respect and consideration 1 England she receives in_America. Thero is 00 Bentiment sbout true Britons; .a pratty face doesn’t melt them, or a lonely one excita thell compassion. Decky. Sharp .was..s grest favorito ~ with them after she had won a position for herself ; but how most of them snubbed her while 8he was gottingit! John Stuart Mill was fortunate in manyingd wife who was . INTELLECTUALLY H1S EQUAL, one who assisted him in - all- his. literary l«th% So complete was this union of thought aod wril ing that he says, * It is of littlo consequencs, 3 respect to the question ‘of originality, Wmd;m them holds the pen.” He did not allow geDius to pasa as his; he was 80 _generous ad unseltish that he placed it abovoe his own. Tmfi? who cannot understand such z man try to bcbu tle bim for that which is the best proof of true greatncss. Woop BeaxsoX. 2 SR —A darkey in Natchez waa bosstingtos. 'hS; of the cheapness of ten pounds of sugarbeba) purchased at a rival store. ** Let me waig! ted, package,’s said the grocer. Tho darkey au_enmm i and it was found two pounds short. The col gentleman looked perplexed for a momeat, 367 then gaid ;: - Gueas ko dido't cheat dis iy macht; while he wss gettin’ the sugar I stole g pairobshoes”. . . .o.i L. o *