Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 25, 1874, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, TANUARY 25, 1874. TERMS OF THE" TRIBUNE TERME OF SUBSCRIPTION (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE). RS R Parts ot & ycar st the same rate. o prevent delay and mistakes, be sure and give Post, Off ce address n full, including State and County. Remittances may bo made either by draft, exprues, Post Ofiice crder, orin registered letters, ot our risk. e Dafly, deliverod, Sunday exceptea. 25 ceate per week. Dafly, delivered, Sunday ineluded, 0 cents per woek. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearbora- Chicago, TIL. TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. M'VICKER'S THEATRE—Madison streot. betweon S AT engoment of Clafs Morris. sarborn _ang ¢ Articlo 47." ACADEAMY OF MUSIC—Halstedatrest, betwoen Mad- frow ,}!:dnnlnnme‘ Engagement of John E. Owens. bR b3 A THEATRE—Randolph stroet, between fl-fiofi%, AT ied L™ and **Bis Last ek GLOBE THEATREDesplainesstract, betwoen Mad- I iagton. Eagagement of Sharpley, Sheridsn & Mack's Minsirels. Monroe street, betveen MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE te. Arlington, Cotton, aud’ Kemblo's ?fi:?&%’fl“’fl 4oy Davs simstrelsy snd comi- calities. B KAHNS MUSUEM OF ANATOMY—Clark street, be- * twen Madison and Moaroe. The Chivagy Tribune, Sunday Morning, Jenuary 25, 1874. THE URIVERSITY OF CEICAGO. The controversy which has lately been before tho public regarding the affairs of the Univer- sity of Chicago has not been improving to our conceptions of brotherly love and Christian charity. Up to this time Dr. Burroughs has not put in an aprearance. Ho has opened not his mouth—therefore the advantage is on his side. The history of the University is pretty well known. In early life the late Senator Douglas was acquainted with, and reccived instruction from, » clergyman of the Presbyterian Church. Meeting this gentloman in Chicagd, and moved by a desire to do him personal honor and kind- ness, he offered to donate a sito for a University at Ceitage Grove, of which Dr. ‘Eddy should be President. The offer, after protracted effort to get eupport from the demomunation, was do- clined. Mr. Douglas then concluded to offer it to the Baptist denomination, of which his lato wite was & member. Dr. Burroughs being in- formed of thie, interested himself among the personal and political friends of Judge Douglas, and, armed with letters vouching for ‘his personal claraster, he spplied for and obtsined from Dougiss the reversion of the offer made to the Presbyterians. All that Mr. Dougles gavewss theland; the means to bu1ld and endow the University had to be raised, and this work Dr. Burrosghs began at once. He recoived large subscriptions, some of which were paid in part, but the panic of 1857 knocked the botiom out of most of them. Still the work was prose- cated perseveringly, and, to sum it all up, itis safe to say that, had it mot been for Dr. Bur- roughs, thers never would have Leen any Uni- versity thero at all. Acting a8 President of the institution, financial agent, general director, building commitiee, subscription solicitor and collector, contractor, and in other and various functions incidental to these; having no fonds save the voluntary contributions of those who gave what they pleased and when- thoy pleased; Laving often to receivo promigsory noses, which were passed awsy to creditors end returned nnpaid, and having trials aud tribula- ticns numerons snd inevitable in the work of building and endowing a university without money and withont credit, it isnot difficalt to understand that the books of subscriptions, re- ceipts, expenditures, bills payable and receiva- ble, intercet, and all others, ehoald, at the end of a period disturbed by two severe finsucial disas- ters, be somewhat confused when they were sll kept by one man, who performed all the fanctions mentioned. Nevertheless, it appears that while the Committes who exam- ined these booss at a later date found them con- fased and incomplete, and bridged the difficulty in some way, they found & large belance due to Dr. Burroaghs. In fact, the Committes might beve added that to Dr. Burroughs’ faithful, la- borions, and often hopeless labor they wero in- dcbted for all they bad in the shape of & uni- cersity. Dr. Everts was one of the Trustees of this institution during nearly the whole period. Why he ehould have waited several years to pub- lish faf ‘and wide the confusion in the ac- ~counts of its early fnancial bistory as evidence of Mr. Burronghs' incompetency, he has foiled as yet to explain. He sdmits what has always Deen apparent—his long antagonism to Dr. Burroughs—which seems to be unrelent- ing. S6long aaall this antsgonism was con- fined to his own breast, or to the meetings of the Trustees, it was a matter affecting only him- gelf personslly; but, when he thrust it before tho pablic, it conld not fail to create the impres- sion that his opposition to his brother clergyman was tinged with rancor ; for, with & full knowl- edge of the difiiculties attending the estlyad- minietration of the University, it was not just to allude to the confusion in its fiscal affairs unless prepared to support it bys charge of defalcation. We do not assums that Dr. Burroughs was the man best fitted to pre- gide over s large educational institution, but that he was very well adapted to take charge of it wher it consisted of mothing more than a vacant lot on the prairie, and build it up to its present consequence, is shown by the result. For mearly eighteen years he faced financial difficulties under which a mere scholar or edu- cator would have sunk. That the Univereity is not a financial success, #nd, ssa consequence, not an educational suc- cess, is due to » radical defect which requires a eadical remedy. It 18 a sectarian instilution. This may be denied, but tho fact remains un- shanged, and, wherever it is known at all, itis known s & Baptist university. Tho day of de- nominationsl schools and collegos has gone by. They are s relic of the past, as is attested by the scores of starveling colleges of that kind scat- tered all over the country. Those who wish to educate their sons at a sectarian college, select a college of their own eect, g0 that in the end » Daptist college must rely upon Baptists, and o Presbyterian or Meth- odist college upon the members of those sects for their main, if not exclusive, support. Sach institations being thus limited in their influence saffer from cramped and precarious incomes, and never attain or can hope to attain that gen- eral prominence and credit ‘which follow schools that ave not classified by the theology most affect. If the University of Chicago was not wufficiéntly advertised as & Baptist institution, the publications of Dr. Everts anod the present controversy will hsve supplied the geficiency, The public look upon denomina- tlonsl collegos a8 for the most part ssylums for olargymen who bave broken dowa or faued in their profession, and who seck this genteol form of pension at tbe ccst of the demomination. Tint is the geveral view, though not justly ap- piicablo to tho University of Chicago. People select schools nowadays more for their educa- tional advantages than for their religious bias. 1t was different & quarter of & century ago. If the University at Cottage Grove were secular- ized from head to foot, 8o that mo denomina- tional test should be known among either Faculty or Trustees, its chances of success wonld be greatly sugmented. BILL 0. 300. A bill is pending in the Legislature for the repeal of whet was formerly known as * Bill No. 800," to enable municipal corporations to assess and collect their own taxes for corporate purposes. If this repealing bill passes, as seems probable, the needs of the city will bo certified to the County Clerk, by Lim extended on tbe Staie and county assessment, and the wholo amount collected with the Stete, county, and town taxes. To this plan there are grave objections, which ought to be considered. First—All the tazes will be cumulated and ‘mado payable at ono and the samo time, which will render it nextto impossible for many people to pay their taxes. Second—The ccunty has no proper office or machinery for the proper assesament or for cor- rection of errors. Third—The cost of collscting Chicago city taxes, independent of all Couuty Clerk's fees, will be 134 per cent, or say $72,500, for collect- ing the taxes of 1873, which is three times the cost of tho assessment and collecting depart- mentsof the city jointly. Fourth—The city will be obliged to con- tinue its collecting depariment, for the collection of special assessments (not provided for in tho general law) and for the receipt of licenses, etc., not otherwiso provided for. 1f this law is to bo passed, is it not the duty of some of Chicago's Representatives at Spring- field to protect her interests? Bill No. 300 was passed afier the clearest demonstration of its necessity. It should mot be repealed without some sort of proof of its inutility. No such proof has becn offered. s LOGAN, BEVERIDGE, AND THE PENITEN- TIARY BATH. A month or more ago, a convictin the Ilinois State Penitentiary was subjected to punishment. He had claimed that he was too ill to work, and the attending phyeician insisted that he was shemming, and ordered him to be put in a bath, out of which he was taken a corpso. Strange to say, this death of tho convict Williams has become the initial point in what promises to be one of the most animated political stroggles that haye over taken place in Hlinois. This State is represented in the Senate by Gen. Logen and Gov. Oglesby. Gon.Logan was clected in 1871, after s sharp strugglo with Oglesby, whoso fricnde obtained a promiso that e should have the next vacancy. In 1878, Gov. Oglesby was electod, tho friends of 3lr. Logan joining to accomplish that result Oglesby, who was then Governor, resigned that office, and Lient.-Gov. Beveridge tookcharge of the Executive guillotive. One of the first uses hemade of it was to decapitate ‘the old Penitentiary Commissioners and Warden. The new Warden appointed was Maj. J. W. Wham, a well-known personal and political friend of Gen. Logan. The three Commissioners, select- ed from different pacts of the State, wore sup- posed to bo frionds and supporters of Gov. Beveridge for the eat in the Benate now occn- pied by @en. Logan, and which will become vacant in 1877. It will be difficult for an ordinary mortal to understand what connection there can be be- tween the death of the convict Williama and the election of a Senator of the United States, but the main question now pending concerning that death’ is whether Logan or Beveridge shall be elected Senator in 1877. No man has more de- voted personal friends than Gen. Logan, and it is already strongly suspected that Williams, out of pure devotion to the General, gave himself up to criminal habits, and cventually stole a horse and got into the Penitentiary, and there died, purposely togivecolor to the statement that be was murdered through the ignorance and bru- tality of the officersappointed by Gov. Beveridge! The Coroner’'s jury (charged to have been Beveridge men) complimented the Commission- ers for their careful but thorough-going dis- cipline of Williams. Upon o meeting of the Legislature, the Senate appointed a committes to investigate, and, this committeo being in tho interest of Beveridge, ncquitted the Prizon Commissioners and their subordinates of all blame. Maj. Wham, however, is not disposed to let this thing rest. It is said that he nas appealed to thoso in the Legisla- ture who are not Beveridge men for a bet- ter and more thorough investigation, charging that tho previous examinations were partisan, and that the truth was suppressed. Tho friends of Gen. Logan hove proposed another inves- tigation, which is resisted by the old investiga- tors. The Commissioners have all had official business at Springfield ever since, and have been assiduous in their labors in the lobby. Thus the matter stands at prosent. The Republican party of lllinois is divided on the question whether Williams was murdered or not. Logan and Beveridge represent, respectively,'the affirm- ative and negative of the issme, and upon its decision rests the election of the Senator in 1877. So far the controverey is confined to the Legis- Iature, but must soon extend to the counties. The Federal office-holders, of courso, will hold that Witliams was murdered. The State officials and their friends will insist that the Commis- sioners are 08 innocent 88 lambs, and maintain thot Williame' doath was & put-up job. Mean- while, tho farmers may make it a matter of small conscquence whether Logan or Beveridge carries the Republican primaries, by routing them both. In that case, wo ehall hearno more of Williams or the Penitentiary bath. MB., KING'S LETTER. ‘We publish & letter from Mr. William H. King, President of the Board of Education, on the subject of the Public Librery znd the old Cus- tom-Houso site. The point we have made here- tofore, and which we adbere to, is this: that the exchange of tho Bridewell lot for the Cus- tom-House lot was effected for the declared par- pose of securing the latter site for the Public Library, and would not have been effected other- wise; that the City of Chicago owns the Pub- lic Library snd the schools, and the school fund and the school Iands, and can sell, lease, or other- wiso dispose of the same; that nine-tenths, per- haps nineteen-twentieths, of the fund for the support of the city schools (whatever amount is necded over and above the reatal of school lands) is raised by taxation; hence that it makes no difference to tho school children, or to the Board of Education, whother they derive & rental from the use of the Custom-House site for a Public Library or not. In view of theso facts, we maiutain that the Board of Education should hove aesigned tho Custom-House property to the Library at & nominal rental, or, it there were legal and technical obstacles intho way, that the Common Council should bave done s0. We consider that it was & breach of faith that this was not done, though wo do not locata it with Mr. King, or the Board ever which he presides. We reckou it to be indisputable that & proposition to exchange the Bridewell lot for tho Custom-House lot for mere purposes of trade, without a specific object in view, and that object the accommodation of the Public Library, swould never have been mooted here or enter- tained in Washington. Wo reckon that evers- body concerned in the travsaction, including the five arbitrators named, kuows this to be s fact. The subject, bowever, is no longer a vital insue, since tho Library Board have concluded that the Custom-House lot is not large enough for the prospective wants of the Library. Of course, it would be ample for many years to come, but, looking at the growth of other public libraries,— the Boston Library, the Library of Congress, ihe British Muscum, etc.,—they have preferred not to be confined to an area incapable of future additions. The Custom-House lot, being sur- rounded on all sides by sireets and alleys, can never be enlarged. So the Board of Education can worlk their own sweet will upon it. OPERATIC FINANCES. We print elsewhere 8 detailed statement of operatic management, which contains many in- toresting facts concerning tho insido working of the system, especially in tho matter of expenses. Tae figures which are furnished satisfactorily explan why the opora is & luxury, and why im- presarios aro compellea to chiargo what seem to be oxtortionate prices. Tako the contract with Adelina Patti, for instance, the full text of which is givenn the article referred to. Hor noble husband, the Marquis de Caux, stipulates that his melodious wife may give one hundred perform- ances of opera in this conntry, commencing next fall, at the rate of 83,500 per night, this sum to bo paid immediately after euch represontation, ‘Insddition to this, the Messrs. Strakoech must pay the travgliog expenses of Mme. Patti-Caus, the Marquis, and four other persons, two of whom are stated to be first clas and two second class, whatever that may be. To secure the nightingale, the Messrs. Strakosch have to de- posit $250,000 with the Messrs. Rotbechild, to remain until the end of the season. This is only one item of expense out of many. The othors may bo faintly imagined. As it is doubt- fal, however, whother Adelina Patti will come to thia country until she has squeezed the Eu- ropean orango dry, and time has begun to put an odge on her voice, opera-goers will not havo to worry themselves sbout the Patti prices. She can better afford to pay her yearly forfeit of £1,500 than to give up her yearly European stipend and the valusble perquisites intho shapo of jewels and dismonds which she could not ex- pect to havoin this country. Nilsson is not as-high-priced s singer aa Patti, although Nilsson ia a great artist. Bho is sing- ing, this season, for 31,000 per night and inci- dental expenses, which i8 & reduction from her usual price, made on account of the financial stringency; but, even at this figure, the ex- penses here bave footed up very largely. The total expenses for tho two weeks bave footed up $33,100, or §16,550 por wook. To meet this ex- traordinary expense, & nightly receipt of $2,758 \was neceseary, and Chicago filled the bill, put- ting into Mr. Strakosch’s strong box £15,593 the first week, and $18,101.51 the second, or o total of $383,69450. These figures are taken from Mr. Strakosch’s own showing ; but in his schedulo there sre evidently some items of expense which ought to be credited to other cities, so thst his resl profits ave undoubtedly been larger than the sum we have mentioned. The gross receipts of the Lucca season last spring, which was an unprece- dented one in operatie sunals, wero but $87,000. Compared with that, nnd making allowances for the stringency of the time, the present season is quite a8 remarkable, snd the two combined place Chicago in the front rank &s an operatic centre. Great 25 the expences of opera are, they are not necessary. The *star” eystem is directly responeible for them, and when the managers break the “star " eystem tho expenses of opera will be 80 meterially reduced that almost every one can afford to go. If it is mot done, the opers, especially Italian opera, must sooner or later cense to be s profitable investment. At present, indeed, the margin of profits ia so small and the risk 50 great thet there are very few men who have the courage to invest their money in it. Thero are signs, how- ever, that this “star” system will not Jast long. The impresarios have com- menced to rebel, and two of them at least have taken tho initiatory steps towards declaring their indepondence of tho ‘“etars.” Mapleson, of London, has announced his determination to employ young and promising singers hereafter, with the view of compelling the recognized and high-priced artists to abate somewhat in their terms. Maurice Strakosch, who at present man- ages tho Italicns in Paris, has commenced an excellent ystem of securing promising young singers, placing, them under cootract for & torm of years, and then educating and preparing them for the stago. Ho is also in communication with the managers in Vienna and St. Petersburg for tho purpose of forming a combination ageinst the * stars.” ‘This will accomplish & great deal, but the pub- lic itself can do & great deal more. So lozg as people have their present absurd prejudices sgainst the ‘“‘off nights,” and run only to the nights when the “star” sings, the system will contioue to beve life and on- conragement. It has happened this season, as it bas in others, that some of the performances of the “*off nights "have been among the best in the season. The performance of * Martha, " for inatance, was one of the most finished repre- sontations that has ever been given bere, and yet, popular 2s this opera s, it drew only & small house, wheres if Nilsson had appeared in it the house wonld have been crowded to overflow- ing. The public therefore haa itself to blamo somewhat for the high prices of opera. If the public and the manager would combine, they could deal a very effective blow at the “star™ syetem, which neither of them can accomplish alone, at least for somo time to come. . Devout Mormons are hoping that Brighem Young will bave s mew “ revelation™ against polygamy in the fatare. The * twin relic of bar- barism " is doomed, and it would bo well to bave it die grucefully. The Book of Mormon express- 1y condemns it, and the practice originated ina special message to the prophetat & time when there was & plethora of feminine converts. The angel who brought it kindly sdded this special note d if Mary, thy wifo, doth object, she shall be surely damned.” Mary perforce yield- ed. Another celestial messago, revoking the first, would be wondrously opportune just now. And it is by no means unlikely that the Head of the Letter-Day Saints may receive such tidings, for itis & case of rovelation to-day or rovolution to-morrow. STREET-LOCOMOTION. The notice in Tne TripuNE of Wednesdsy last, of anewscheme for an clevated railway, sug- gested some new ideasfor tho construction of the tramways, end the most economica! and conven- ient motive power, to facilitate easy and rapid locomotion through the crowded streets of our citios, Thera have beon constructed, or pro- posed, railways under ground, and elevated rail- ways, and thoso with suspendod cars, and rail- ways of various styles Inid upon tho surfaco of the streets tracks of tio rails, and one rail, and throe rails; but none of these plans have beon successful except that of tho Underground Rail- way of London and the common two-rail plan for the sarface. The London Underground Rail- way is ope of tho most magnificent enter- prises of this or sny ago, but bhas beon & marvelous success only becsuse of the ne- cessity for such an improvement to meet tho de- mand for s rapid means of transit for z vest population through an immense city witere al- yeady all other avenues of locomotion are crowd- ed beyond enduranco. Thero have been tried verions moans for locomotive-power to haul through the streets the vehicles that 1un upon the rails for city use; but none of these Lave yet proved scceptable, except tho horse-power, cud the dommy with steam-power in oxceptional cazes sud to & limited extent. Tho street railway, proper 2s it is, is a very® crude -contrivance introduced into the city with very little manifestation of mechanical inven- tion, from the sheer necessity to bave something of tho kind to meet the demands of the public. Itisouly the steam railway with cars with the flange-wheel and fixed axles (sppliances necee- gary for keeping on the track), introduced into the strcet withoms the steam, sud where no sbsoluto neccssity exists for keeping upon the raile. Thereis here ovidently s sphore for inventive genius to apply itself to the im- provement of tho means of {ransit in the city as it portains to both track and motive power. The horee is getting worn out, if not played out, as a motive porer, and he has some claims npon ‘humaxity to be emancipated from tho excessive 1abor to which he is condemned in this worlk for the public. And stesm, with ita puff and enort, smoke, fire, and fog, is not the fit agent to sup- plant tho horse in crowded thoroughfares. We welcome, thercfore, any advance toward improvement eithier in the ways or in the pro- pelling power of stroet-locomotion. If it be practicable, tho public will welcome it; and there will bo nons to oppose it, except such features of the improvement as will militate sgainst the monoply of the atreet railways, Tme TREUNE recontly noticed the reported invention of Mr. E. G. Blatherwick of & plan for 2n clovated street railway. As a Chicago invention it deserves a epecisl local comaideration. If offered a3 a useful enggestion, it really points to something practicable in the way of improvement in this direction. The “ele- vatod” feature of it has mo originality. The suspension of the cars below the bearing plate is not original, aad has often been suggest- ed for strect use, and as been actually and suc- cessfully tried in the transportation of coal in the mines of Wales. These aro commendable festures for city use, as we got rid of the puisance of tho raised rails adopted for flange- wheels in the middle eof the street. Tho originality of AMr. Blatherwick's plan consists in the inclined plano of the track, and in the me- chanical device for running and operating the car suspended from this inclined plane. It in- volves the double-invention of track or way and motive power; for 1t is proposed that this inclino of the track (descending on & scale of twenty-five fect to the mile), will bo the ap- plication of the power of gravitation to propel the car. And the process supposes that the car is always to bo running down bill. That is an unheard-of problem in mechanics. Bat the con- tinnous gravitation is i:rovidud for by the pro- viston of some stationary power at certain stages, say & milo apart, that shall Lif the car to the highest elevation of the incline, to send the rolling-geer on its downsward and forward course, while the car is kept suspended sufficiently near to the earth to admit of free entrance, by a me- chanieal attachment to the suspending tackls, that takes up tho car as the inclining progress of its wheels approaches the surfaco. Now these are all unguestionable mechanical practi- cabilities,—the incline, tho stationary power, the susponded car, and the adjustable sospension; but the curious person will inquire for the practicability of the whole arrangement. Is it supposed that tho car, with all its running sccompaniments and weight of passengers, will over cofao down this slight inclino faster thana snail’s paco, if it even moves atall from any ascent that is possible to be made, incumbered as it will bo with necessary friction, the arrest of its velocity by tho oft-repeated stops necessary to take on and put off passengers at every block? Bat, nevortheless, the “invention” moy sug- gest sdditional power to aid its momentum, to be stored up and held in reserve for its epecial use at tho several stages and stations for the stationary power, such a8 the winding up of springclock machinery, by which the car msy bo made to traverse ita appointed distance. But more particularly s it auggestive of the practicability of sn elovated single-rail track on which might bo sus- pended a light and elegant car propelled by some power not so remote, "zad which would move noiselessly and gracofully along the edge of the aidewalk without the rumble, jostling, and con- cussions of the car upon the rail and street Ppaving. But, notwithstanding all these eccentric at- tompts at improvement in the means of street traffic, the fact remains that tho solid earth and common roadway is the natural and proper sve- aue for their trafiic, and bat & smell portion of {acilities of the common way has vet been worked up. Any thronged thoroughfare in any great city is capablo of doing double tho work it now does for the accommodation of the people if the most were made that could be made of its room. Thiscan be done by the improvement of thevehicles, systematizing the kinds of traffic, adoping Tegulations for driving, and intro- ducing & style of pavement appropriate for tho treadwsy of the horso, and the proper mate- rial for the wheel-way of the earringe, thus bringing the moving throng into line and order, and, at tho same time, greatly lessening the wear upon the paving. These are needed reforms ap- parent to any oae Who reflects upon the subject. And it would seom better to have public atten- tion turned to the problem of doing mors with what we have got than to reach after eccentric remedies for apparent deficiencies. A BATD AGAINST FASHIOR. Vineland, N. J., which has .been tho locality where Spuritualism, elective affinitics, long- ‘haired men and short-haired women have most abounded, was last week the scene of & two- days' Anti-Fauhion Convention, in which sense ond nonsense prevailed in about equal measure. During the first day, the female membera of the Convention squsbbled’ the most of tho time over the organization. After this was completed, thers was just timo to resd & message from Sister Sadie Bai- ley, of Waukegan, Iil, who sent the follow- ing thrilling dispatch: “Go on in your heart- stirring mission, ob, beloved agitetors, to rescuo womsn from tho thraldom of the tyrant Fashion.” After this was read, Mrs. Olivis Shepard put in the following resolutton, with the understanding, however, that it aboulg not be voted upon : B Resolved, That when the mother puts her girl into petticcats and Lier boy into trousers, elie seals the girl's doom as a siave, snd gives the boy a title-deed of ovwnership which he records and presonts agzinst her whenever, in after life, shoasks for equal rights with him. Tho next day, howaver, tho Couvention was ~vory lively. Itopened with a discourse by Mrs. Dr. Luces, who had on a tunic of olive-green cloth, with Knickerbockers and gaiters of the same cloth, the tunic gathered round the waist and spanned by o black rubber band with a small gift clasp. Her address wes much longer than hor dross, and as, when she finished it, it only wanted five minutes to noon, the Chairwoman called for o five-minute speech. 3Mrs. Butler came forward in comphance, and wanted to Lnow what the cnd of all the talk was to be. Was any woman going to take off one inch of ber dress? What she proposed was an associa- tion of twenty-fira women, who would agree to give up otays, furbelows, and flonnces, and ghorten their skirts. To give force to her proposition, she exhibited two young ladies of Vineland who bad never worn corsets. The effect of the two full-waisted Venuses was such that the following resolution was handed round for signatures : We, tho undersigned, agree to wear our dresses four inches from the ground, provided tweaty-five or moro 1adies can be found who will co-operate with us inthe reform. Mrs, E, B. Durry, ‘ELLEN DICKINSON, A, N, ML BamTLETT, AL, NoTE, Rrra WesSELLS. This having been signed by tho requisite num- bor, s very sensibio old Iady came forward and showed her old black silk drees, which she had bought nine years ago, and hinted very strongly that some of the ladies in pants on the platform spent more money and showed more vanity in their reform dress than she did. The old Iady, however, being regarded 3 @ fire-brand, was epeedily extinguished. 3 The resolation which is given above sums np the action of the Vineiand Convention, sifted of its crazy theories and moonshine propositions. So far as this resolution is concerned, it is very gepsible. It i3 only unfortunate that its sweetness will be wasted mpon the desoert sir, The only ones who follow Fashion aro those who will never give it up. Those who do not follow Fashion are working-women. and these do not wear corsets or long skirts, and have not the money to indulge in the expensive reforms urged by these agitators. The absurd- ity of some of their propositions is shown by the fact that one of tho most prominent of the speakers wore s tunic snd pants of erim- gon velvet, with a gold watch-chain slung artistically scross the front. Her head- dress was a blonda wig of little curls, looking like spun glass, and this was sur- mounted bya psge's csp of thé fourteeath century, in which an ostrich's foather was fastened by an sigrettle of amethyats. This rather elegant and expensive creature was urging suti-fashion reform, without being aware of tho fact that she had plunged from one extreme to another, and, in dropping an expensive fe- malo fashion, had adopted a still more ex- pensive male one. The short skirt, ‘bowever, is & reform which might well bo adopted for stroot wear for the gake of cleanliness, if no other; and tbe inquisitorial corsot should be sbolished for the sake of health. But, as thess reforms would be both clesnly and healthy, there is no immediate danger of their coming intofashion. ______________ THE GERMAN WHITE LADY. One of the most unaccountable superstitions of modern times is thatof the White Lady of Borlin, whoso apparition slways forebodes tho death of some member of the Hohenzollern family. It isall the more singulsr from tho fact that it is entertained by a people so pragmatical and philosophical as the Germans, who are ac- customed to look at things in a very realistic way, and to traco the relations of cause snd offect much more closely than other people. Novertheless, we are gravely informed that during the Emperor's Tecent illness the Whito Lady appeared at tho castle, and thersupon the peoplo prepared themselves for the immediate announcement of death in the royal household. The bluff old Emperor, however, regardless of the sheoted spparition or the people’s super- stition, resolutely got well again, 28 he has done several times before when the Woman in Whito has troubled herself to rise from her tomb and go stalking about the castle with noiscless step. The legend of the White Ledy is sabstantisily as follows : Several years 8go, 2 Hobenzollern Princess, a widow with two children, bacame ensmored of a foreign Prince, and 80 desperate was her affection that she made s proposal of marriage to him. The Prince, however, declined tho proposition, flat- tering as it was, and in his reply alluded to four eses which stood in the way, referring to bis sged paronts, whom he wonld not leave even for such a merriage as was proposed to him. The infatuated woman fancied be referred to her two children, so she promptlyand thorough- Iy got rid of her incumbrances by suffocating fhem, and then wrote the Prince to the effect that the road wes clear for him. In his reply to her he rovealed tho unfortunate mis- take she had madoe. The wretched woman, stricken with remorse, lingered a day or two in great anguish, and then died, and was ‘buried under the castle at Berlin. Not content with her wretched work, she is now engaged in the commissionaire business for Death, and detivers his messages to the Hohenzollerns. It is stated shehas been seen three times within the last year, oncein October last, just beforo the death of Prince Albrecht ; last spring, to announce the death of Prince Adelvert; and recently, while the Dowagor-Quecn Elizabeth lay on her death- bed. The White Lady has evidently found a tough customer in the Kaiser, and one who will not gurrender himself except to Death in person. When Death wanta him, he will evident- ly have to come full court-costume of winding-sheet, hour-glass, and scythe, and present his credentials, before the Emperor will consent to follow him into Lis dark realms. Having been sceustomed to treat with sover- eigns faco to face, hio will make no exceptions in this case. At the same time, it is rather re- markable that all Berlin should go abont shiver- ing at the apparition of the White Lady, and that grave professors in the universities should drop their knotty problems in motaphyeica and theology to discuss the meaning of this last vis-, itation snd tho significance of her failure to cap- ture a Hohenzollern and drag him down under tho castle, to kecp ber company. It strikes us that a very practical way of settling the mattor and keeping tho White Lady quict would be to place a fow Prussian soldiers on guard the next time the Emperor gets s cold in the head, with instractions o capture her nolens tolens and make her give sccurity that sho will stop Ler nocturnal wanderings hereafter when the Hobenzollerns are sick and don't waot to be disturbod. MR. LEWES’ NEW PHILOSOPHY. PROBLEMS OF LIFE AND MIND, By Gromox Hespy Lewes, First Series. Tue FooNDATION ora Caeep, Vol 1. Boiton : James R. Oszood & o. We approach this book, which appeals special- 1y to the scholar and tho thiulker, with the con- viction tkat it is worthy of respect. Its suthor i well known as one of the most industrions students, most voluminous writers, and clearest, if not most profound and original, reasoners among the literars mon of England. He has established a considerabls reputation as a phi- losophical essnyist, o critic, and s biographer, and, in the latter capacity particularly, bas ac- complished work of distinguished value. His + Lifo of Goethe™ is universally ackunowledged to bo s masterly memorial of the great German, at onco comprehensive, scholastic, and authori- tative. Its testimony, united with that of all else e has done, has convinced the world that to the elncidation of whatever subject Mr. Lewes do- voted his powers, be will bring untiring zeal, ox- tonsive learning, and the logic of a philosophi- cal mind. Of so much we are sure, a8 we take up this Jast and most weighty of the volumes ho Das yet published. As historian of philosopby Mr. " Lowes has long enjoyed & respect- ablo position, but the present is his first effort to range himself among thie creators or elaborators of apovel system. ‘fhe echeme has been many years under consideration, its origin dating 80 far back as tho year 1836, when, with the rachness of youth, the author contem- plated treatise on the mind, which should enlarge and improve the doctrines of the Scotch gehool of metaphysicians. Obstacles—we may concludo fortunstely—intervened, preventing the premature fuliilmentof this plan, and dolay- ingit from timeto time, until prolonged and profound investigations in the realms of ecience and thonght had better equipped the scholar for an honorable completion of attempted reforms in existing methods of philoso- phy. Itwas primarily Mr. Lewes' purpose to coufine himeelf to the exposition of detached questions in a seriea of Separate essays ; but tho worl insensibly incressed in magnitude until Soally it attained ite present pretentions pro- portions, and stood complete in the form of a gystematic introduction to the philosophy of science. Mr. Lewes displays commendable modesty in urging his claims to novelty in certain of the formulas and conceptions set forth in tho sys- tem he supports. In words so nobleas to deserve quotstion. be remarks: * After all, the question of originality is of quite minor importance ; that of efficiency most concerns us. Convinced that all germinal conceptions are the product of their age rather than of any individ- ual mind, Ishould look at eay conception of mine with extreme suspicion if it wore the air of other novelty than that of added precision or extension ; for, ns De Morgan felicitously re- marks in tracing the discovery of the differential calenlus, ¢ A grezt method is always within the perception of many bafore it i within tho grasp of one.’ ™ Tho foundation of Mr. Lewes' creed is the Positivism of August Comte. The system which the French philosopher established is accepted as & firm and correct basis, and his English apostlo and succeseor addresses himeelf merely to the cxpansion and more definite expression of the original plan. Comte excluded metaphysics from his systom, estceming its inquiries vain and futile; but Mr. Lewes admits it into the scheme, declaring all its problems: which aro susceptible of & rational statement capable of a rational solution. And hero is centered the pith of his work. e would apply to questions in metaphyeics the eame method of scientific pro- cedure which Comte prescribed in social and po- litical research. But he would first strip meta-~ physics of whatover is speculative, subtle, and transcending the domain of experience. Flo would reduca it to a positive quantity, Lring it within the range of ecience, and render it smenable to exact resolution. To designate the discarded remainder, he coins & new word, metempirical, 83 opposed to empirical, and signi- fying that which i8 supra-gencible, outside the provinco of reason and calenlation. This dis- cardod remsinder represents a very significant sum to a large portion of mankind. Itincludes all that relates to a world and & life beyond the present. It cmbraces all inguiries into the ex- istence of & Supreme Being, of & soul, and of immortality. To many, after this rigid separa- tion, there will seem but little left worthy to em- ploy the faculties and satisfy the cravinga of the human mind. Bat, like all Positiv- ists, Mr. Lewes would elovate the things which concern us here, the known snd the knowable, tho possible and the demonstrable, into s sufficient and cro¥ning importance. Enoush to busy, enonzh to content us, he would find in working out to an vltimate and happy conclusion the manifeld problems of nature and bumonity. In the introdactory chapter, in stat- ing tho object of his work: to transform meta- physics by its reduction to the method of sci- ence, and the pocessity of & successfal result, in order to reconcile the growng antagonisma bettreen religion and ecience, he declares the truth, that the crying want of the age is a doc- trine of relief to which judgment and feeling may both give unreserved allegiance,—a faith which b as solid & foundation in reason snd_experi- ence a8 that which we repcse in the axioms of mathematics. Ho goes on to say: “The many aua piteous complaints, old as re- ligion itsclf, against the growing infidelity of the age, might be disregarded were they not confirmed on all gides by the evidence that re- ligion is rapidly tendiug to one of two issues,— either towurds extinction or towards transforma- tion. Some cousidersble thinkers regard tho former aiternative a3 the probabte and desirable isgue. They argue that religion has played its part. in the evolution of humanity,—a noble part, yet only that of a provisional organ, which, in the course of development, must be displaced by a final organ. Other thinkers—and I follow these— coosider that religion will continue to regulate the gvolution ; bat that to do this ia the coming agea it must occupy a position similar to the one it occupied in the past, and express the highest thought of the time, =28 that thought widens with the ever-grow- ing experience. It must not attempt to im- prison the mind in formulas which no longer contain the whole of positive knowledge. It must not attempt to force on our acceptance, a8 explanations of the universe, dogmas which were originally the childish guesses at truth made by barbarian tribes. It must no ldnger present a conception of the world and physical, or of man and moral, laws, which has any other basis than that of scientific induction. It must no longer pat forward principles which are un- intelligible and incredible, nor make their very unintelligibility a source of glory, and & balief igher virtne than belief in stration. Ina word, this transiormed lfl::;:?. must cqase to sccept for its tests and Sauctinn: such tosts as would be foolishness in ecien, and such sanctions as would Bo selfsy ness in lite. Tnstead of proclaiming thy nothingness of this life, the worthlessness of human love, and the imbecility of the huma mind, it will proclaim the supreme importance ¢Z this life. tho supreme valuo of homan love, and the grandeur of human intellect. Thosg who entertain this hope and this view of g re. ligion founded on science expressing at each stage what is known of tho world and of mag beliove—and I shate the belief—that the presen; antagonism will rapidly merge in an energetic co-operation. The internecine warfara which bas g0 long disturbed religion and obstracted science will give placo to & doctrine which wil) respect the claims of both, i ety and satisf5 the necds The present volume does not carry Mr. Lewes' system so far s to suggest any definite form of religion adapted in bis view to the spirit af the age, but upon the bints already given we cag foresee that it will bo essentially u religion of humanity. We shall make no attempt to follow I, Lewes in tho development of tho theory by which he would reduce empirical metaphysics to the eame principlcs and tests to which scieace is subject. Hia arguments arc necessarily too abstruse, and sustained by illustrations toore. condite for popular reading. The student, to fully comprobend and enjoy them, mnal'be fortified in & manner similar to the suthor, with & commanding knowladge of tho circle of physical and natural sciences. Ar. Lewes' method of expression is always lucid and foreible, and as piquant as the naturg of his subject will permit. Scattered throngh his pages are eloquent passages and pointed re- flections, which consolo the reader for a failuro to grasp all tho thonght he would convey. His yolame is disided in two Farts, the first of which explains the method of scienco and its application to metaphysics ; and the second pre- senta the rules of philosophizing and psycholog- feal principles, and treats at great length the problem of the limitations of knowledge. 3r. Lewesis an adherent of the hypothesis of evola- tion, and in an interesting chapter discussing ideal and moral types he meets one of the com- mon cbjections urged against the theory—the lack of continuity in the line of organic develop- ment, uniting group with group and species to epecies—with great ability and effect. He pro- nounces the animal series an ideal construction, which may have no real correspondent, but, liks 1he calculus, ia “of vast power in acientific re- search.” In the concluding chapter, Mr. Lewos aasigns tho place of sentiment in . philosopby. He do- clares its importznce as s regulative and repro- sentative to be indisputable, but he would in no case allow it to pervert or obstruct rational re- search, and would admit no appeal to it in in- quiries which concern the relations of facts. In short, he acknowledges sentiment admirable as an inspiration when duly subjected to verfica- tion. In the succeeding volume, which is in an ad- vanced gtage of proparation, the problems ** How csn truth be decided,” and * What are the testa of certitude,” will pass under the author’s can- sideration. In a recent number of & lesding German ps- genious history of the conquest of Chicago by the Germans on the 4th of November last. The writeris an anonymous one. He tella some _truth ; not, however, the whole truth. The election he characterizes as & German batla and & German victory ; but he has not s word of commendation for the Irish allies, while he barely mentions the French, Poles, Bohemians, and Swedes. The name of the editor of the Staats-Zeitung is made honorable mention of. O'Hara's does not even appear. This is certain- Iy not impartial history. The American com- munity are designated by the euphonious and complimentary title of *‘Mackerthum "—the hypocrites and canters. An occasional “ Yan- kee” is thrown in, and thus the German Em- piro left under the impression that all Ameri cans are Yankees, and all Yankees hypeczitca. The issue of the election in Chicago was, 20~ cording to this historian, whether every Chi- cagoen should go to church three times each Sanday, or not, and this is not said by way of bumor. He puts it down with all the gravity of Judge. His argument why saloons should not be closed on Sunday is s novel one,—be- cause it would damaga the distinctively German industry of beer-browing. Of two evils the lesser must always be chosen, and what is the non-observance of the Sunday compsred with the only principles involved in the contest were beer, wine, saloons, and brewing, and compli- ments the English’speaking Chicagoaus who joined the ** Peopla’s party” by attributig the purest of motives to them for so doing. Their whisky was threatened just ss much as the Ger- mans’ beer and wine—hence their union e e The latest phase of Rationalism is that pro- pounded by Francis W. Newman, in the Fort- nightly Review, in o criticism of Gregs * Snig- mas of Life.” It will be remembered, by thoso +who bave read that work, that Mr, Greg regards the existence of & God ‘‘almost a certainty, and that he expresses ‘s solemn hope " that the soul of men is immortal Mr. Nowmag, while coivciding with Mr. Greg in re- jecting revelation, takes issue with him on those two mightiest problems of buman destiny. As to the existencaof & Personal God, Alr. Newman saya : ** It suffices me to say that1 Delicee in God, good, pure, wite,—therefors, of conrse and necessarily & person, s 8pirit, & mind, » sonl,—aad that my beliof is quite ua- hesitating. I wantno more proof than I have.” Upon the other point, he says that he has neither hope mor anxiety regarding fatwo life,—that, believing in 8 God, possessing such attributes as these, he knows that, whether there be s future state or not, the decision of that question will be in the handa of a perfectly- wise apd good Being,—that if we exist afier death it will bo becauso immortality is best for us, and that if we do not, it will be becsuss nou-exigtenco is best for us. So he dis- misses that “enigma" from his mind entirely. By way of illustrating the tonacity of his opinions on these points, he says tuat, once when lying, sa he supposed, o0 his death-bed, and having given directions 16 garding his burial, ho felt no desire whatover for immortality, tnd still leas any fear regard- ing it. He thinks that those who busy them- selves (Mr, Gres among the number) in spec= lating upon the next world sre Dot only wasting tneir time, but giving themselves ‘unnecesssry grief. A fortune is waiting for the man ¥who shallin- troduce Hansom cabs into Chicago, and carry one or two people auywhere withia twomiles fof 95 cents. Wo are always in s hurty, and W€ have tho slowest imaginable conveyances. 08X atreet-cara seom to be drasm by somo IstE® | gpecies of snail, and our omnibuses. except <when racing with rival lines, would bo distan By a funeral procession. A Hansom is the most convenient and the pleassntest of all carrisges- 3t costs far less than & hack, requires buto2® horse to draw it, and can then g0 with double the speed of a heavy two-horse vebicle. —_— e—— n into Loulsi has nuwfu! sn English plotaa the of 1o The wholesale negro immigratio ana, daring the last two years, general attention. Last summer, review inferred from it adeep-laid part of the blacks to possess themzelves State, drive out the whites, = Republic. The true resson of the movemend a more simpls one. ages have beenhlfi:!‘:; since the War, in Louisians than soywbertt in the South. This caused the exodus {02 = East. Now, however, the hbor-mnkstlld'm stocked ; wages have boen put down ad Terrebonns riots axe the result per published in Leipsic, we find a very in~- the brewers' losses? He very frankly says thss * H ST i { i i ; H ! I -