Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 22, 1874, Page 4

TERMS OF THE - TRIBUNE. TERMA OF AUBACNIPTION (PAYARLE IN ADVANOR). D 1, 2. LA Ridivereorad it Patts of a year at the same rato. "I provent delay and miatakos, be sure and givo Post €1f ce addross tn full, includjng Btato and County, Homittancos may bo mado oithor by dratt, oxproas, Post )ico order, or in reistered lettors, nt oue rlsk, TERMA TO CITY BUNRURINENS, Leily, dollverod, Sunday exceptad, 25 cente por wooks udly, aoliverod, Buuday includod, 50 conte por wook. Address THR TRIBUNK COMPANY, Cornier Madison and Dearbornasts., Uhtougo, 11l MWIOKRRS THEATRICMadison stroel, botwaen Iiugagminout of the Strakosoh Doarborn and £ Opera-Trouye, 855 lovara AOADEMY OF MUSIO—Halatod streot, botsroen Mad- L TG aent _of Jolo K. Owens. Tl Victiow W ana *5ion Rhinglo. LEY'S EATIITandolyh straet, between Olbekabs Lavatie, * Palso Bhame. TIII— Dy ainesstroot, botwoan Mad. Lo W ranlgton: Engagoment of Shirpies, Bhoridas & Mack's Minstrols. A ' OPERA-TIOUSE Blonrao strast, hetwoon Dontariang Baes. Aningion Coiton: and’ Kombiota Atinatrols, " ** A Klippory Day. ‘Minstroley and comi- nalitios, RIAN OHURCH—Cornor Monroa and Lt siroate, - Hoadings oy Natito Gliaco Waughop, A. P, A, HALL~Cornor Randolph and Clinton treots. 3 . R, ‘MeCroory. Subjeots Bt o ciuivn ad Thow to atatala THOM.Y Uhe Chicagy Tibune, Thursdey Morning, January 22, 1874, An amelioration of the Revenuo lnwa Las boon made by the Senate in tho passago of a bill that, In cases of undervatuation, conflscation shall ex- tond only to the items undorvalued, snd not, as 0as boen the practice, to tho ontire invoico. DBoth Houses of tho Louisiana Logislaturo have passed the constitutional amendment pro- posed by Gov. Kelloge for the improvement of the Stato finances, and tho Honee has passed tho bill funding the State debt at 60 cents on the lollar, About 150 baltots have been taken for Speaker in the Jowa Legialature without result, and both sides are naturally reported to be getting confused. The only sign of s break anywhoro is the rofusal of the Obairman of the Anti-Mo- uopolist caucus to voto for the Anti-Monopolist sandidate. In regolving that they sre in favor of exhaunst- ing the State power in regard to railronds befora calling on the Federal Government, tho Farmors of McLean County show that thoy are not ready for any such legislation as that proposed in Mr, MoCrary's bill for the Federal regulation of rail- ronds. There is to bo a-meoting to-morrow at Potta- ville of the coal oporators, The snnouncement has caused a great deal of excitement nmong the miners, who are speculating whether it meaus & compromise or a union of the operators for atiffer rosistance to their demands, Tho situa- tlon i8 otherwiso unchanged in the cosl rogion, except that the strike has broken outin the Luzarue region, — The Samans Bay Company has not paid its last monti’s rent to the Dominican Govornment, ss it hos established no official relations with the new regime. At tho snme time, it is stated to havo assumed $8,500,000 of repudiated bonds of Santo Domingo, and to have obtained a lonn of $5,000,000 in London, This lnst statoment is incomplete without the names of tho capitalists who are 8o fres with their money. e ——— Senntor Morton's action in having tho creden- tiala of Pinchback referred back tu the Com- mitteo on Eloctions looks like & move towards ordering a now election in Lomsians, and is so understood by the Kelloggites. They hold o caucus in Now Orleans yostorday, and tele- graphod Pinchback in groat alarm that thero was nothing they wanted less than o now election. ‘Thoy have hoard the news from Toxas. Ee—— Mr. Waite wes unanimously confirmed as Chief-Justico by tlie Scnate yesterday, nine Benators not voting. Thore were no speechen againgt tho confirmation, Senator Sumunormade & solemn speceh, enforcing the duty of Seuntors to inform themselves unmistakably of the fitness of tho gentleman whoso name was before them, ind furniehed tho practice for this precept by declining to vote. The debate in tho Senate on the currency question has elicited almost incredible nousense Trom some of the honorablo Senators, but Ar, Merrimon, of West Virginia, must be conceded to have surpassed all tho others. Some of his nagociates have argued for iuflation, and othors for the opposite policy of & resumptioh of spe- tie payments, but ho is not to be coufined to ono side of n question, and boldly announces himseif to be in favor of both an inflation of the curren- cyand an immediats rosumption of specio pay- monts, Tho isenc of one hundred milliong of currency s tho step bo recommends to bring about epecie payments on the 4th of July, 1876, If the Sonatoconcur in the notionof the Houso concerning tho Centonnial Exposition, tlhe country {a “in" foran expenditure of sbout §7,000,000 in aid of that enterpriso of the thrifty Philadolphinus, There is, of course, not the romoteat auggeation of an appropriation in the renolution instructing the President to invito the representatives of foreign nations to tako part inthe Centeonial. Itis enough that tho regolution annouucos that 1t {8 to bo held * under the auspices of tho Unitod States,” When tho Grent Powers of the world have accopted the in- sitation of tho United States, what eseapo will thero bo from tho argument that the United Btates must not disgrace ite credit and houpital. ity for a little mattor of & fow miliions ? — The Chicago produce markets woro less aotive yesterday, with small cuanges in prices, oxcopt incorn, Moss pork was quiet and 6@10c por brl lower, closing at §14,16@14.20 cash, nnd 814.26@14.80 soller Fobruary. Lard was quiet wnd 5@7)60 V100 by lower, closing at $8.05 cash, and £0.00@0.02}¢ solter Fobruary, Moats wore less sactive and unchanged, at 53¢ for shoulders, Gl¢o for short ribg, 796 for short cloar, and 9}(@100 for sweot violkled Lame, Drossod hoga were dull and Go B 100 Ibs higher, at 85,.20@06.85. Highwines were quict ang steady ac 900 por gallon, Flour was dull and unchanged, Whaat was moderatoly activo and o highor, closing at §1.22)¢ cash and $1,28%6 sollor Fob- ruary, Corn was in good domand, sud 1o highor, closing at G830 cash and 6930 scller Tebruary. Oats weroquiot aud 3¢o higher, olos~ ing at 415¢c cash, and 430 sellor February, Ttyo was more active and flrm, at 770 for regular, Larloy was quiet aud firmer, at §1.28@1,80 for No, 8, Live hoge were sotiva and 5@100 higher, THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 92, 1874. clostug flrm at §6,00@5.05, Tho cattle and shoop markots wera quiot and unchangod. In tho donth of Ioffmanu, Gormany has loat ono of its oldost poets, Ioffmann was born in 1703, at Fallorslobon, where Lis father waa s morchant and burgomnstor. o studied tho- ology at Romo, but hia literary tastes took him iuto ndifferont field. ITis first litorary lnbor was to engago with tho brothers Grimm in philo- logical pursuits, In 1820 ho published his first work, an cdition of the “ Fragments of Ott- friad" Ho was a wido travelor, and nn ardent oxplorer of the traditions, popular songs, and ballnds of tho people ho visited, aud hne pub- lished soveral ‘works on thoso subjoots. The principal journals of Gormany have all been enrichod by philological and pootical contribu- tious from his pen. Io took no part in the rovolution of 1848, and has sico that time beon living in rotiromont on tho banks of tho Ilh(uo: On the 27th Instant, the Kansas Legislaturo will clect a Somator of tho United Btates. Hitherto Kansas has beon represented by such men as Love, Pomeroy, and Onldwoll, and has theroby acquired o most unenviablo reputation among hor sister Btatos. It appoars that the Reform party, or whatever tho new political organization is called, have at Inst an even chanco in electing the Benator. Under theso circumatancos, it is Inghly important that they should chooss a first-class man in point of olaracter, intellect, ana culturo—one fit to talie rank with Gov. Bootn, of Californis, if pos- sible. When the Republican party first ontered the liats a8 a political power it sent to the Sonate such men ag Chase, Trumbull, Halo, Grimos, Toseondon, Collamor—men capablo of mooting Douglas, Toombs, Davis, Hunter, and tho other Democratic leaders in singlo combat on every ocension, Lot tho Knusas Reformers Lear in mind that, if they wish to perpetuato thoir exist- ence &8 paity, thoy must put the best foot foremost now. They may not be able to elect their nomineo, but it is their duty all the same to cast thoir votes for a statosman, THE WISCONSIN GRANGERS. We publish in full this morning the address delivered at Jonesville, Wis,, by Mr. John Cach- rane, the Mastor of the Wisconsin State Grange, now in sossion in that city. It is worthy of especial attontion, baving o significance beyond tho showing it makes ot the rapid growth of the Grango aud the incroased interost the farmers are taling in thelr association. In reforring to tho offart mado last summer by a portion of tha Grango tointroduco tho consideration of polities, it recommends that the National Grango bo re- quested to give an official indication of the polit- ical privilogos of the Granges. But the Master, without waiting for euch authority from the National Grange, mekes some ramarks that have a vary dacided political bearing, whethor they worao 80 intondad or not, and they aro the more significant if they were made under the convic- tion that tho Grange ought to hold itself aloot {rom political discussion. Some timo ago a pelition was addressed to Congross, sotting forth that increased facilitios for transportation had become a national noces- sity, and asking that the Federa! Governmont undertake the improvemont of tho great water-routes of tho country. It wns expressly stated that the petitioners did not dosire to urge anytbing upon Congress that it had not full authority to do. The express do- mands were the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers and the mouth of the Misslssippi, besides the completion of the public works slroady begun at other points on that rivor. This ‘potition was supplemented by o circular, addrossed to all the Wisconsin Con- gressmen by the Excoutive Committee of the Stato Grange, asking thom what course they would adopt in regard to theso demands. Re- sponses have beon received from Senators Oar- pentor and Howe and Reprosentative Rusk, giving » gouoral acquescence to tho pro- posed improvements, and a promise of co- operation, The other Wisconsin Repro- sentatives havo been mlent. In the meantime, Congress has taken no action, nor have the \Wisconsin Congressmen, looking to the congummation of the farmors’ demands. After pointing out these facts, Mr. Cochrane tolls the Grange very distinctly that they are snubbed by the men thoy haveo choson to ropresent thom, and that they need not hopo for recognition and help from tho powers which thoy have brought into being. Asido from any consideration of tho particnlar demands maade by the Wisconsin Grangors, the address of Mr, Cocirane shows plainly that the Grnngers are not going to stop with mere petitions, cireulars, and suggostions, but that they intond to use their privilege of American citizonship to remedy tho evils which they suffer, without regard to former political assaciations. 1t is safo to eay that the Grange has exereised asubtle and powertul influencein uprooting partisan tenditious and projudices without promoting any uew or distinctly defined political organization. ‘The very impartiality and die- interestedness of this tendenoy Lave been the chiof means of accomplishing the change, The Nationel Grango meets st 8t. Loule noxt month, snd the indications are that grenter freedom of political discugsion will be sanctioned than was originally contemplated in the formation of the Grangos. BOGUS RAILROAD STOCK, A horso and ¢ mule hitehed together make & much better team for goneral work than two shares of railroad stock, one of which has boen paid for and tho other not, This fact has ro- coived numerous iflustrations lately in this Btato. The Intest is that which ocourred at tho stockhiolders® moetiug of the Lafayotte, Bloom- ington & Missiesippl Railroad, whore two clasges of votos wero offered—one class consist- ing of the stock of towns wh ich bad jssued thoir bonds in payment of the stock, and the other coneisting of stock issued to wconstruction company without payment. Intho prospective lawsnit growing out of this controversy for pos- sesulon of the road It will vo ultimately ascor- falnca that tho only valld utook of the road is thet which hos been paid for, and that all the rest i1 bogus and worthless, A bill ignow pending in the Logislature to pre- vent the issuc of frandulent railrond stock and bonds, It provides thatno cortifieato of stock sliall be issued by any railroad company organe ized undor tho laws of this Btato, unlesy thore Do pald to the company in cash tho full amount at par of tho shares ropresontod by tho certifi- cato, and that upon the cortificate shall ba vo- olted that it {s 1ssued in conformlty to this act, and has been paid for in cash at par, The bill further provides that no stock shall bo ssued for capitalized oarnings, or upon tho basts of approolated value of property or frauchisos, or for dividends upon atock, or fn paymont for con- atruction, repairs, Jabor, materials, ox cars, or for lands, right of way, feanchiuos, debt, mort- gogo or other liability, in llen of monoy. In all capes the stock shall bho subscribed for and pald I monoy at par. Alko that in enaos of consolidation of railvond corpo- ratlons tho capital stock of the consolidatod cor- norations shall not exceod tho agyrogato of tho sovoral companios. boforo tho consolldation ; stockholdors in tho old corporations to recelvo the snmo nmount in tho now snd no more, It tho capital stock of elthor company ho doprocl- ated at the timo of tho conrolidntion, it shall bo admitted 0s part of tho stock of the how cont- pany only at its notunl market value, Also that railrond corporations shall not croate o bonded indobtodness to o groalor amount than that of tho capital stock subkcvibed and patd in, and no such corporation shall issue bonds bearivg moro than 8 per cont Intoreat, nor running more than 20 yoars, nor shall such bonds be sold for less than 05 conts on the dollar. No dividend upon enpital stock shail be paid In bonds, nor shall tho company make any contract, agroomont, or liability, to bo dischiarged in wholo or in part by tho bouds of the company. All bonds and eapi- tal atock Issued in violation of the provisions of this act shall bo void, and upon application the Courts shinll ordor thoir cancellation, This bill, 80 far as it rolatos to the lssuo of stock, is ths Inw now—the common law of cor- porations—linble {o Lo enforced at any time, and ample for tho protection of all interests, public or private. Tho object and purpose of that clauso of the new Stato Conatitution which pro- hibits tho issuo of stock without payment was to prevent tho Lopisiature from granting nu- thority Lereafter for tho Iseus of such stock, In tho absonce of afirmative legislation, the crostion of mtock without payment (which meang payment in full), i of no more validity or effect than tho shufiting and deling of & pack of cards. Al such etook ia void ab wnitio, and is usunlly fraudulent to boot. The etause of this Lill which prohibits the issue of bonds oxcopt at a certain prico, and fixes a maximum rate of intorest, is open to some grave objections, and scems to bo based upon o mis- concoption of tho nature of joiut stock corpora- tions. If a company has exhausted its own means and still requires an additional sum to comploto its work, thero is no reason why it should not borrow on the best terms it cra, It it conuot goll its bonds at par, it should be allowed to soll at 95, or 90, or any othor figuro, ‘What is neodod {8 not & prohibition of the right to borrow, but o guarantee that the borrowing, whother at one figuro or another, shall bo bona Jfide. Froud vitiates all contracts—a contract for tho salo of bonds as well as for tho salo of hogs, A valid lien cannot be placed upon a rail- road by fraud. Tho towns and counties which huve subseribed to the stock of railways in this Stato do not need more laws for their proteotion, but rather the onforcement of existing laws, THE DRED CISION. The country ought to-day to be sufficiently re- moved from the excitoments that followed the famoua decision by the S8uprome Court of the United Btates iu the Dred Scott caso to do jus- tico to all concerned by an unbiased examination of the facts, No judicial decision in this coun- iry has beon so-oxtensively discussod, and at the samo time go little understood and so universal- ly miarepresented. The namo of Chiof-Justico Tanoy, who delivered tho judgment of the Court, bas been branded with infamy by thousands who nover read the opinion, and who honestly be- lieved that ho had formally adjudged that in the United States ‘‘anegro hed no rights which a white man was bound to respect.” That phrass hns sorved as a text in thousands of pulpits for denunciations upon the Court, and especially upon its supposed author. It has served party orators with an occasion during seventcon yoars for tho most fervid denunciations of that Court, and it cannot bo denied thet the decision itself bastened by many yeara the overthrow of slav~ ory. The decision was sufficiently atrocious without this misinterpretation. Drod Scott was n olave, and assuch had beon carried by his owner into one of the Territories of tho United Btates. Subsequently ho brought suit for his freedom. Tho Court below dismissed tho action on tho ground that he was not a citi- zenof the Umted States, znd, thoroforo, was not entitled to bring suit in tho United Biatos Courts, From this decision the cnse was talton to tho Suprome Court, and was there twico argued, That Court decided nlso that Dred Bcolt was not a atizen of the United States; and thereforo could not bring suit iu the Fedoral Courts. While this wus the point, and in fact the only point, decidod by tho Court, tho decision in fact hud a much wider sweop, The great political question of that day was whether slavery did or did not extend iteelf €x propito tigore over all the Union, save whon it was excluded by State laws,—that is, whother it did nos extend into the Territorics. In 1850 an attompt had been mado to avoid tho issue by the logislation known as the Compromise mens- ures of that year. In 1854, upon tho pns- suggo of the Kansas aud Nobraska act, a judicinl decision upon this question bocame n political necessity, at least to tho Pro-Slavery parly. In the decision that Dred Scott was not o a citizon of the United Stutes was involved an inforontial decislon of this political question, and tho Court, in tho opinion dolivered by the Chiof-Tustice, mado au argument to sustain this theory, that the right to hold slave property exiuted in all parts of tho country where it was not proliibited by Stato law, and here was the ronl atrocity of the decision. In the courso of this argument the Chief-Justico gave an histor- ieal resumo of the provious condition of tho negro, aud no well-informed person will ques--, tion the entire accuracy of bis statoment, It reads oy follows: 3 It fu dificult at this day to realize tho stato of public opiufon in relution ta that unfortunnte rave, whicl provailed Iu tho civilized und onlighitoned portions of the warld at the timo of the Declaration of ‘Indopend- ence, and when tho Constitution of tho United States was framed and adopted. Dut the public history of every Buropean nation displays it in o manner too Plain to be mistoken, They had for more thau a century beforo been re- garded us beings of un iuferior ordor, und altugothor unit to useocluto with the whito raco, aither in sockel or politieal relations § und #o fur fuforfor thut they hnd 1o rights which the white un was bound to respect ; ond that the negro might Juelly and lawfully e re- duced o aluvery for hip boneflt, o was bought aud #old, und treated as an ordinary artiole of merchandisy and traflie, whenevera profit could be mado by it, This opinfon wea at that time fxed and universal n tho civilized portion of tho white raco, There can bo no doubt of the accuracy of this historicel ptatoment s to the goneral opinion in 1776-'83 of tho white race In all nations aa to the inforlority of tho negro aud the lawfaluoss of reducing him to slavery. That judgmont hind beon stamped upon tha statute-books and cus- toms of evory Americsn colony. In no partof the United Btates had the trade in nogrocs pe werchandiso beon more oxteusive than among tho commercinl colonies of Now Eugland, The goneral opinlon of the inforiority of tus megro sud of bis polatical incapaclty survived the adop- tion of tho Constitution, and wae prosorved in tho Constitutious and laws of a majority of the Btatee, Down to the vory boginning of the lato Whar nogroos wero prohibited by ponal laws from nioving into or residing within many Northern Btates, nnd color was declared by lnw to bo prima facie ovidonto of slavery, subjecting all porsony of African blood to arrest, detontion, andsaloas slavos, Down to the tima of tho Drad Seott doclnlon, sales of froo man of color wero held in Iilinois, In 1862, six yoars nfler tho Dred Beott dectsion, and ninoty yonrs after tho time roferred to by Judge Tanoy, tho people of Tllinots, by nenrly a unanimdus vote, docided that no person of nogro birth shionld be atowed to onter tho Stato and romain thorein, b an- tagonism to the negro raco, and tho ussertin of his social and politieal inforiority, wero ay sirong in somo parts ot New Lngland as'in othor Statos of tho North; and, though slavery alself wau pro- hibited, tho judgmont that the negro was of an inforlor raco, tobe donied all political rights, was fully a8 strong in tho Northorn nu in tho South- orn Btates, Judge Tancy's statomont of tho provailing Judgment of the white raco, concerning tho nogra ab tho timo of the Doclaration of In- dopendenco and the formation of tho Constiti- tiom, was not exnggorated, but was ontiroly trae. Bo truo way it that thero ean herdly bo n doubt that, at that time, ft was nover contem- plated, and nover intended or expected, that the negro shonld over bo classod as o citizen, or admitted by law to suy social or political stand- ing, The occasion for tho Dred Scott decision has passed away., Tho decielon hos been re- varged by a protracted and exponsive war, but thero fs no renson why history should continue to Do faleified. Judge Tancy's of- fenso consists in allowiug tho Court over which ho presided to be mado the instrument and vehicle of o political dictum implying that slave praperty was constitutionally entitled to protec- tion in tho Torritorics the snme as othor prop- erly. Mis historical narrative, in which the famous phraso oceurs that the nogro, at tho time named, had no rights which a white man was bound to respect, was literally truo; for afler o man hag boen by univorsal consont made an articlo of morchandiso, it would be hard to men- tion any rights remainmg upon which the re- spect of anybody could be bestowed. r——————— THE STATE AND THE SCHOOL-HOUSE, The bill for the compulsory education of the children of this State, which has passed tho Iiouso of Ropresontativosat Springfleld, is o salutary measure, It requires that childron be- tween tho ages of 9 and 14 be sent to school for three monthsevery yoar. This sohooling must be unintorrupted for at lonst vix weeks., If the children aro too poor to provido themselves with books and clothing, those will bo furnished at the public expense. Lo insure the compliance of parents and guardiang, their noglect to obey the Iaw is punishablo by fines, which may bo imposed thirteon times, aud range from $1 to 95 for onch week of mnegloct. Thero are thousands of childvon in the State who lave movor had a doy's schooling, znd tons of thousands whose school- ing has been go irrogular and insufficient that it would bo idle to oxpeot them to be valuable or safo citizons. Ignorauce is erimo itselt, aud pro- ductivo of ell crimo. If tho Statohas the right to hang men, somebody has well eaid, it has aright toeducatothem, to savothem from being hanged. Tho intimate connection between ignorance and crime has been long known to all students of tho subject, and hes recontly been admirably ro-stuted by a report from Mr. Doxter A. Haw- kins, Chairman of tho Committeo on Edueation of tho Now York City Council of Political Ro- form, which is ono of the moat vuluablo short pepors on popular ecducation ever written. The numboer of children of the school age in tho country is put at 14,600,000 ; the teachors at 221,000 ; the cost of maintnining &chools at £05,000,000, or one-third of 1 por cent of tho value of all the nation's property, real and por- sonal, according to the census of 1870, Yot this great sum, thus spent in proveuting crime, does not bogin to aqual the cost of our vain efforts tocure it. Ar. Hawkins shows that in France tho half of the inhabitants who enn neither read nor write furnish 95 per cent of tho porsons ar~ rested, and 87 per cent of {hoso convioted; that in Now England the 7 per cent of iilitorates commit 80 por cent of the crimes; and that in the whole conntry an ignorant man commits, on an average, ten tunes as many orimos as an edu- cated ona doos, Ho quotes from thoe official re- ports of the Bavarian Government those results of tho consus of 1870 Per 1,000 burid- ‘tga, Churches. Lower Davarla, 8o, whilo Bavarian churches seom to hava lit- tlo offect, Bavarian schools conquer erime, Com-~ ing back to our own country, wo find that tho sehool conquers panporism too. In Penasyl- vanis, Ohio, and Illinoig, while ono in every 300 persons is & paupor, one in 10 of theee who can- not read or wrilo is found in that class, Mr, Hawking also claims that o public sohool training increnses. o man's producing ca- pecity 60 por cont, while highor train- ing will incronse it 200 or 300 per eont. Ho is a flvm ndvocato of compulsory education, Prussin, Baxony, 8witzerlaud, England (in Lon- don and other cities), and half a dozen of our Btates avo cited to prove its efilcaoy. In most of our citios tho clusses which need education most—tho children of whiftless or criminal parents—are nover sent to school atall. The only way to reach them is by tho arm of the law. The only way, in fact, to maintain a Govern- ment which depends for its lifo on the futelli- gonco of its subjects is to educate thosoe sube- Jeots in their youth, by persunsion, if it maybo; by foree, if it must bo, School-taxes may bo hoavy, but thoy save futuro crime-taxes that are heavier still. Solf-proservation is the firat law of natious ; eud solf-presorvation with us menns the education of every Amerlenn child, The exporiment of tea-growing in Californis 18 eald to promigo succoss, If 1t gaing it, It may give tho veeded impotus to tho various aboriive schomes for cultivating the plant in the South, The climato of u largo part of tho toa-distriot of Chiua tinds u parallol iu that of {he Contral Southorn Btates, There seows to be no reason why Hyson and Bohen should not como from old cotton und rico flalds, Tho neceasity for ocoan- transportation would be done away with, and the nativo fragranco of tho loaf would thus bo pre- servod, Wen {4 ynid to oxhaust tho soil luss than elthor tobaeco or cotton, It would at any rate givo the South a new mdustry with which to ai- versify lta present seanty mtock, And it would certainly be delightful to a Houthornor in the prosont gloomy state of political affalrs to bave on his own plantation the matorlal of tho cup that ohoor, P — INTERVIEWING NILSSON, Thero {8 yapidly-growing sonthmont in the minds of poople, ospecinlly of those holding publio places, that the system of Interviewlng which has of Ieto become & fonturo of journale {sm femot only a nuisance but an ontrage. Thly sontimont has arisen nob from tho nso but from the abugo of it. Interviowing, whon properly conducted, {8 o valuahle morle of ob- taining and communicating news wpon public toples, which conld not, m mauy instancos, be procured in any other way, But there aro con- ditions which shoutd invariably nttach to an in- terviow: 1. It is ossontinl that tho subject of tho interviow shoutd bo of publie importance. T'o divaigo private matters, with which the pub- He lis no concorn, {8 o bronch of hospitality and decorum, An instance of (his was the rocent intorview with Mmo, Nilsson-Rouzaud, published in & morning papor of {his city, in which tho deteils of an ailoged dlsagreoment botwoen Mme, Rouzsud and Mr. Btrakosch weroe spread before the public. These dotails woro not furnished with the expectation that thoy would be printed,—at loast we hnve Mmo. Ronzaud's suthority to any so. Iaving boen printed, however, it became necessary for Mr. Btrakosch to make o reply to thom. Such crimioation and recrimination can’only servo to Towont aud promote discord. T'hey had no bear~ ing upon the public porformances, All operatic troupes aro moro or less charaoterized by the cudtomary performances of o bear-garden be- hind the soones, but tho public would bo much botter off without o knowledgo of them, and in fact caros nothing for the differonces hetwoon o manogor and bis artists, The insido troubles of tho oporatic family are no more fit for pub- lication than the internal discords of o private family. 2. It is incnmbent upon o journal to report only what ig suid, to report that correotly, and to use somo judgment in the matter to be re- ported. In the unrestrained freedom of wocinl conversation, it is the tendency of every porson to mako statemonty that would romain unspoken did that poraon reflect for o moment hdw they would look in print. The interviewer should, thereforo, have a delicato coneideration for the proprieties of the occasion, and not put on record, in the cald atrocity of print, remarks of o private nature, and opinions the publicity of which only serves to ereate jealousies and diffor- encos beotweon private individuals, in which tho public bas po earthly interest whatever. 'To eacrifice tho intorviewed in this mauner, merely for tho sako of a sensntion, is o gross violation of otiquotte, to say the least, To put words inlo tho mouth of sn intorviewed person which aro never uttered, or to so color them as to give them an cutirely difforont meaning from what the interviewed intended to convay, is still worse. In the inétanco we have quoted, wo have over a column of aguertions whicli Mme. Rou- zaud says she nover ‘made ot sll, Thoy are not exproesions which have been colored, but they are expreseions which wore never mado. Their effect, nevortheless, was to arrey Mme. Rouzaud sgainet her manugor; to array hor agaimst the public; and to make her responsible for statemonty projudicial to hoer public career a8 an arist, which no artist in hor sober senses would eover dream of doing. Mmo. Rouzaud may havo her, opinion of critics, and critics may have thoir opinion of Mme. Rouzaud, and they have s right to their opinions, and asno two pereons in an audionce make the same criti- cism, and musicians’ criticisms oven often dif- fer point-blank, so it is possible that even Ime. Rouzaud aud the ciitics might differ from cach other. But tho matter of difference is not in question in this instance, as Mma Rou- zaud says she did not express the opinions attributed to hor at all, 8. The intorviewer has no right to publish what is said without the express pormisslon of the porson who is interviowed. In the instance referred to, the interviower had the permsission of Mme, Rouzaud, according to tho latter’s dec- laration, to publish only what she had said con- cerning tho wonther and its effect upon herself, aud the general influences of the olimate upon singers. Instead of doing this, the interviewer published o long tirade against r. Strakosch, and a still longer tirado againet tho press, whicl, uceording to Mmo, Rouzaud's statement, was mauufactured out of whole cloth. In all tho re- spects we bave montioned tisis publication was an inatance of the abuso of tha interviewing ays- tom, a violation of social confldonce, and an un- truth in many respects, accordig to the author- iby of tho priucipal porson concerned, who las thus been placed beforo tho publio in a ridicu- lous light. The Inbor-market is overstocliod. That is the long and tho short of the distress, the strikes, tho riotings of tho lnst fow years. If tho tide of immigration goes on iucreasivg ; if Joseph Arch writes A now Exodus in the world’s history by transferring his tens of thousunds of followers to Amorica,—then the wages of labor, especinily of skilled labor, will suvely, inovitably bo pressed down, down. 'Tho business of encouraging im- migration has boou ovordone, The expulsion of its agonts from Germany was by mo monus an ovil for America. Lot us lot woll encugh alone, and try to assimilate the men who will come of thoir own accord without swamping owrselves by voluntarily bringing horo thousand on thon- sand of men clamorous for the work and subsist- enco that we cannot give. A dog that gots all ho wants onts s« much as aman, Io ought to be what he is caled,—tho most faithful of unimals. TFaithfulinsa was nover 8o casy to givo and so richly ropuid. Wo lodgo aud foed tho currish multitude and take tie wag of o tail in full pay. Elsewhero the dog is made to work, In Gormsany, ho drags in- uumerablo carts, srdod by the woman who Is hare nessed with him, Yo ia the washerwoman's, tho seamstrosy', tho scavengor's stoed. - 1t is not do- sizuble to turn women hero into beasts of bur- den, but the other patt of the arrangoment is on admirable oue. Why not male our dogs pay their way and utilizo canine as woll as equine pulling-power ? g Banks, ono of the Now York Communists, who sent tholr dupes to fight tho police ana staid Lomo themselves, is raviug again, His expost- tions of tho gospol of thoft aro not ay popular us they woro betore Lis exposition of his own cow- ardice. However, the Now York Intornational lins adopted the following bit of wondrous irony: Resolved, 'That our thanks are due to the clvil and police uuttiorities for doing our work on Tueaduy, the ith inst,, in enlightoning the people to thelr trus con- dition ns slaves the ouly argunient slaves can un- derstend, viz, : Hungor and tlo club, Alus for the viotims of Banks aud bragga- dociol —— Calob Cushing's writings are finttoring down on his political grave thiok ns the loaves In Vallambrosa, 'Tho last iu kua declslon, as At~ torney-Goneral, that Bouthern Postmastors had & vight to rifle the mals and dostroy anti- slavery mattor found thoreln, 1t {a unkind in Sonator Sherman to say that ' gue-tentl of tho 8penie we have exhuusted In paying n dobt mot due would have brought greoubneks to par, if applied to o dobt due.” For Boutwoll sits noar him. The ox-Hoorolary in without honor snve nmong the Syndicatos. 1o has tho plonsure, howover, of knotving that his succonor I8 wordo off than himsalf, ‘Tho Now York Luening Post says that the late Judge Frauklin, of Toxas, was the **ohiofest* opponent of Bam {Touston, Tho 208! has hith- orto boon tho chlofost newapnper authority on grammar, butif {t indulges in thin bhebarlsm, the Bpringflold Republican will lierentter be & chiofor anthority than it, S S The Gormank of Now York paid acant atton- tion to thenaw-born zeal of tho polica for the Bunday law. Thoy sang, and fiddied, and danced, and masquorndod last Hunday ovening 85 ususl, ——— Thoro is a fomalo lottor-carrior in Now Iaven, Why shouldn't women disttibuto lottors ovory- whoro, outsido as woll ss insido tho post- ofllcos ? \ —— NOTES AND OPINION. 1t, a8 tho Davenport Gazelle declares, the Ro- publican party in Iown Lnd the power to pro- vent this “miserablo spectaclo, most disgraca- ful to tho dominaut party,” viz.: tho deadlock iu tho Logluluture, by clesting **an ovorwholm- iug majority of its own men," perbaps the Re- publiean perty in Iows would be glad of au op- poitunity for n fresh appenl to tho paople. Why not, thereforo, suggest that overybody rosign and the Goveruor ordornow olections, It might thon bo demonstrated whother tho Republicans of Lea County should Lo specially blamod for belng bonton by 1,000 majority in an clection to it n vacaney vice s Ttopublican decensod, i —Tho disengenuous ddvies of the Dubuque Times (Pension Agont) is that the Opposition fifty let the Republican fifty orzanize thoe Houso in tho Xowa Legislature, becnuso: ‘With the Wouso organized as n Ropublican body, it could worlt in hrmony with the Rtspublican Sante, and, If justice were not done to the prople, the Oppo- sition could well arguo that the Republican party was responsible for tho failuro £0 to do, Wo bellove the Dubuquo Times is ono of those Republican papers that argue that the Republican party is not rosponsiblo for nots of Congross, ~1I'he Opposition fifty, at Des Moiunes, got word liko this from their constituonts: Lot tho Anti-Monopolists stick, Tho peopls will Acend then food and clotliug I noed be, to tho end that they may liveand prospar in their noble work, —DBatter far that thiero bo no leglulation at all [at Des Moinos] than that it should bo done in the intoreat of monapolista, If the Republicans wero in favor of logislation agalnst tho monop- oly intorests they have no reason to fear the Anti-Monopolists in tho ousoe of Represontn- tives. By iniisting on socuring the organization they insist on having cverything their own way, and granting nothing to tho othor sido. 1t has come to bo & question of Mouopoly vs. The Peo- ple, and the Auti-Monopolists appreciate this, und for thoir own reputation are obliged to stand fitmly by their colors aud prevent unfriondly logisiation it they cauuot securo that which is demauded by the poople, Stand flrm if it takes all winter,—Burlington (Ioumz Qazelle, —Congidered in tho light of a new organiza- tion, the Opposltion [in the Ksneas Logislnture] presents soine yemarkable features. Nover, perhaps, in the history of politics did so laigo and poworful an organization contain so few profossionat politicians, In_ fact, it does not contain n singlo one of this chiaracter ; it is ab- solutely freo of old political hacks, A majority of the members have nover before liold o politi- cal oflice, and none of them have had mora than one or two torms of logislative experience, And vet this body of meun have broken tha power ; Dave utterly defeated, routed, aud domoralized the mast arrogant, unscrupulous, and corrupt political ring that ever cursed o State, . . . As ot presont organized thoy ' are ab- solutoly mnsters of tho situstion, They' are tho nucleus around which the reform eloments will gathor and eryntalize, bring- ing forward now mon that will lead the people to victoly against the corruptions of the olu ring. We said “ lead tho people,” but that is in- correct, No, the people are leading iu_this new movement for roform.—Kansas Cily Times. —The new party ia aiready organizing for the next campaign, Grant wants o third torm, and tho salary-grabbers without distinction of party, the obilierites, the monapolists of all grades, are rallying to hissupport. On the other hand the opnonents of monopoly, ealary-steals, cen- tralization and subsoquont imporialiam, will nat- urally unite_in nn effdrt to wrest the Govern- ment from the hands of its ambitious deapoilers, and rostore it to its former system of gconomy and justico to ail claszes 1 the administiation of public aflirs.—Jolie! (IIL.) Siguol. —Pursand intelligent men of both the old politicul organizations freely admit that corrup- tion is rampanc in the laud, and that the repre- #ontatives of voth the old "parties bave shamo- fully sold thomsolves to tho God of Mam- mon, They admit that thoro is no hopo_of re- form thiough tho old political organizations. WVith pledges of roform fresh on their lips in the Inst Prosidentinl campaign, tho Rooublican load- ors, heavily indorsed at tho batlot-box, perpe- treed tho most shameful legielation_sinco the formatiou of tlns Governmont, and Democratic leaders joined in tho scramblo for the spoils,— Fort Dodge (fowa) Times. . —Triouds and follow-citizens of the Republi- can persuasion, lLow ure yon getting on in ro- fornung your party inside of your own organiza- tion, since last fall olections? Wo have heard o littlo about retormation inside of your lines that we did not know but what the action of the Auti-Monopolists, Grangers, Reformors, Iude- pondents, Conservatives, sud Democrats ut those clactions had discouraged you a little mite,.— Quiney (11L.) Herald. - —~Lotting Down Easy, The Now York Times #ays, “'if nny members of thio Republican party protest againgt an ot of the Presidont, it is bo- cauge they think highly of him and dosire to nroserve his popularity with tho nation at large.” Yes, marm. —1t wuy geem like montal drudgoery for farm- ors and mechanies to have to koep their minds continually on tho gtrain in order to keop posted ou political matters; yot, if' they don't do thia very thing, thiovos, harpics, and ~dend-beats in politics will worm themselves into oftice, steal their hard-earned troasure, nnd run them hopo- losaly into dobt. This has been the result of popular carelesaness for somo years past, but tho peoplo are fast waking up to thoir responsi- bilicies at the ballot-box,—Champaign (Iil) Times. . £3—11 reliof from railrond extortiong and other monopolies has been adopted as a plank in the Ropublican _party, wo all know it was from ne- cossity, and not from cholea, and that it, like many other ** planks ” in ita platform, stauds to- day without u foot-print upon 1ts surfaco, The people are not complaining of * party platforms, or olamioring for moro or better ones,—acts are what they want, and uot * planks ™ in platforms, And tho nets which they domand are not kuch as Tinve hoen onacted rocently, but the undoing of sich shameloss ovidencon of greod and disrepnrd for tho wishes and nccessitics of the peoplo.— Iltinots Granger, Macomb, 1. —A great chango is rapldly taking placo in the Northwestorn States on_political questions— such s movemont among tho great body of tho pooplo s 1 huve never witnessed before, Tho ury?u for reform, retrouchinent, regonoration, 'nose who are moving in this matter are nob demagogues and oftice-sookers und porsons look- ing for joby, but_thoey constituto tho gront ari- cultural'and produclug class of this oxtonsive reglon, and scom to bamoved by & contmon pur-~ poso to bring back the Government iu all its })rn\mheu to tha economy, simplicity, and purity of former timos. Tho fevling of tho poopls in queation s that wo hnvo boon ruled in tha intor- ost of spoculators, jobbors, spendthrifts, and thieves, aud that thegreat body of the people ar tolllng for thoir bonoflt, The fooling is nat only ngaiust railrond oxtortion, but agninst other wrongs, such a4 protoction, na it is callod, and oxtravagant_ exponditures, and overy form of ofllcln] plundor,—ZLetler i the New York Even- iug Post. £ —When slavoholdors were meking nice and caroful ealeulation ontho amouut actnally nec- oeasnry to keep a slave in good worklng condition #0 nothing might bo lost by concessions of sur- plus food or surplus clothing, wo wore told snb- stuntinlly that ** probubly there never was ont- sldo of tho orazy brain of u Frouch Communist n moro idiotic or atrocious notion than that which deolarcs™ that thia stato of things oould ever bo changed by any notion ex- copt that of tho sluvelioldors thomselves, But it has all boou changed, nevertholess, . , . And now, whilo wo nro told in ono breath that anather clasy cf monopolists, by * flagrant ox- tortions,” sre ongaged in the same nico oaleu- Iation ad to hiow much it is necossary 10 leave in the hands of the producor to enable hun to continuo to furnish matorial for this * extor- tion," we are told in another that thors Is no power extant to correol this stato of things but on tha part of tho authiors of thls * fdagraut ex- tortion,"=Afilwaukee Nows, 0. 7. Orgnnizatlon of the Soventh Section of tho Chicago Workingimen's Asso= clution, The Gorman workingmon of the North Divi~ slon held o vory largo meeting last night at 804 Divinlon stroet, for the purpaso of organizing n uow Sactlon of the Chicago Worlingmon's Asso- ciation, MU, KINSCHNER wad ealled to tho chair, Aftor tho reading of tho nlatform and by-laws, which bavoe alrosdy been publishod in Tug Trinuse, the Chalrmay stutod tho object of tho mooting was to organ- izo, In ordor to resint unitedly the encronche mauts of un enemy, which was nono other thau Cupital, Capitsl’ omployed Iabor, not for tho muke of giving omploymont to the Inboror, but to ourich and multiply itsolf. The press of Chicago had nttempted to make tho world boliove] that tho objoct of tho worke ingmen's organization was Communism, the di- vision of proporty, and the tnkiniz away of g mow's honse aud fot from bum. It wos faleo 3 thoy organizod for the purpose of protocting themsolvos against a powerful onemy, capiial, M. KLINGH then adilressod tho meatng for over thirty min- utou. o especially dwelt on the subject of suvings baaks, tclling his hoatets that they are now maro depositorien forthe pnrpasoJof swin- diing the poor mun out of his scanty oarnings, and, therofore, ho wanted tho State to establial savings banks, ’ DROKEN PLEDGES, The Democratie, epublican, and tho so-called Ttoform party™ had outlived thelr usofulnosa, and wera corrupt, Whoro wero all tho promises \\;hlclx the Jutter liad mada to tho worlk ingmon ? You, whon thio 20,000 workingmen wont to thom to ask for work, thoy said that thoy had na money, but tlmi‘dld huvo $200,000 to dopowit in Groenebaum's Bank for thom to upoculato upon, NO MORE CONTRAGTURS, Mr., Klingts thou exprossod his_conviction that all coutractors were swindlors; thoy must either swindlo the peoplo by baving poor waslk dono, or thoy swindlo the workingman out of his right~ ful wagos, Iu cnso they took & contract nt u low prico; thorcfore, tho workingmen must got into power and abolish tho contract systews, for it tho city should givo the public works fo the workingmon dirout, botter work would be douo and the monoy would cireulate mors among the lower classes of uoclaty, and not remain in the possession of capitalints, THE PRESS OF OHICAGD was corrupt boyond rcdumrllon. and more ospo- culy the Tumes nnd the Slaals-Zeitung. o was vory bittor on tho Times, whteh hud rocontly statod that for much people—that in, work- ingmen—tharo should Lo no rights to bo re- aguntml. Tho Staats-Zeitung, too, threatened the workingmon that the bourgeoiso of Chica; would treat themn as the bourgeoise of Pariy a‘:; the Commuuists there. Tie pross wos no educator of the pouple; it was more in their ine terest to keop the general inteiligonco of the pooplo down, as thoy, the newspapers, were do- pending on eapitul for nns)port. The workiLmen of Chicago would soon have an organ of thoir own. Tho general poverty of tho cluss that was to enpport 1t \voulé bo fully componsated for by the masscs that thoey wore uble to raio in its support. THE PANIO, Mr. K. then snecred ai the ruling classes for mnov mmuem‘i: tho present financial crjsis, while tho loadors of the vorkingmen had forelold its coming enrs ago. Now, whon tho crisis wos hece, the money aristooracy, which was the worst of all nrisiocracies, told the workingmon that thoy Lad no right to live, We will show that the worlingmen did not como as beggars to thom to ask for charity, but s freemen to do- mand their rights, and, it necessary, to fight for thom aad obtain thom by forco. OTIER SPEAKERS. Aftor Mr, Klings, Mr. Arnold and Mr. Thors- mark eddressed tho meoting. The first made “ tha nssertion thint ho knew _com reliablo sources that Mr. Hesing had made $200,000 vut of tha so-catled Roform party which carriod tho last olection, Mr. Arnold also denounced the loader of tho Reform party. The meeting then organized itself into tho auveuth Bection of the Workingmen's Asgocia- on, —— ILLINOIS NEWS ITEMS, A voin of conl bns been discoverod near Jacke sonvillo eight feot iu thicknoss, —Princeton has *limited"” the number of its snloons to scvew, and makes ench pay u yearly license of $210. —\We Inst weel published s statement of the amount of monoy (254,250) pmd by W. J, Hoa- dorson, of this place, for hogs and grain during tho month of Dacomber. A lurge sharo of this sum waa paid for corn for future delivery, aud wo Linve this week soon our atreets and the out- lying roads lined with wagons fraighted with corn, old and new—all bound for Honderaon's olevator.—RRosguille Observer. —A sister of Johu M. Chesney, of Abingdon, has brought suit for damages nliaiunt o druggist of that placo named F. P, Foltz, for seliing liquor to Lier brother, by reason of which, whils in_an intoxicated condition rosulting frow the drinking of said liquor, he killed the colored man, Kuos. Tho piniatilf agserts that Chosney did not kitl Knox in self-defonse, but that tho killing was sololy Lho result of drunkenness in- duced by the drinking of Foltz's whisky. —Carbondale hns ~ ropudiated her Normal Sechiool bonds aud refuses to pay her tax. This iy tho fashion now, Our town went back on the Aldeu Fruit Diyer in the same way, Sinco ro- pudintion is in fashion, why not refuse to pay our Insane Asylum bonds? It is true that some- body may boburt; but what's the uso of trying to pay wheu we “ don't got the stamps.” What do our ity fathers say ? If the Aldon nubscrip- tion is unconstitutional, the Asylum bouds are in the samo fix according to our Dabal.—Jones- boro Union. —Wo may bo said now to be in our hardest times, Tuxes aro boing paid ; the holiday trade 18 over ; money isscarcer than ever, and whilo at this sonson of "the year business is always slack, now it 18 qucein]ly 80, 'Chero is much complaint in Elgin this year in roference to our Stato, county, and town taxes, and truth to sav, the amonut lovied is a tremendous strain upon our peonle, Itis rather pushing things to an ex. tremity to tako out of this town au amount ap= proaching 870,000 for the purposcs enumerated, —~Zlyin Gazelte, —A dispatch to the Chicago Tribune from Indinnapolis, says & drover nanied Calvin, from Poorin, Ill., was tlecced ont of & draft drawn by the Ponn Bank of Pittsburgh, on Now York, for 84,089, by a_party of threo-card-monte players on o ruilrond tiain going into that city on the 1ith inst, We, on inquiry, can learn of na drover living about hore of thnt namo, and we oxpoct that the fleocad drover spoken of in tha dispateh ?'nvo his wrong address to prevent identitleation jn the tulefimmu which hesupposed would most likely find their way into the papors about the matter.— FPeoria Democrat, et ok The Defaulting Ex<Treusuror of Douglas County, Xil, 2rom the Twicole Journal, Jan, 17, Tho Board of Supervisors canvened iu specis, session on Alonduy. Tho objoct of the meeting wau to oxamine into tho uffaivs of ex-Treasurer Walker. 'Tho oxact stato of the case was soon arrived_at,—3Ir. Walker, it nppnnrluF, having in his hands $14,295.20'0f funds bolonging te thoe county, which ho was unable to pay over, Late on Monday evening Mr. Walker was nre rostod ab his residenco, aud is confined there ab this time. It will bo seen that the Board gave Mz, Walkor and Lis frionds an_opportunity ta got mattors in shapo, agreeing, in cortain con- tingencios, to dismiva criminal proceedings against him, At this writing, Thursday noon, 1io hins beon unable to meot the requirements, and to-morrow afterncon will have a hearmg befora Justics Chapman, T'he fncts of the caso go to show that Mr, Walleor's miafortunes have boon boen brought upon him, uot by a dishonest disposition, but by an overweening confldance in men, without ros ovd to condition, and his failuro to fully make himselt acquainted with the affaira of his oftice, and to keep them in order. EHCAPED. The above was put in typo on Thursday atton noon. About § o'elocls i tho evening of the same day, Mr, Walkor mado his escape from the unrds, and Is now ab lurfu, s actious on q\ludunudu wero vory painful to bis frionds, it seoming almost an absoluto cortaiuty that yoas son, if no ohnngo in his caso ocourred, would ultimately bocotno dethroned. When l{hua-mo known that he had escapod, thare wus one atmost universal “I am glad ot it" from the citizons of Tugoola. And wo doubt not_ that thore Ia to-day more Dbittor feeling ngainst some of the mon who prooured county means from him than there is agamst Mr, Walkier'himself. A Rich Eng i Out Shooting. From the Memphis Avalunche, Bir 8t. Goorgo Gore, of Englund, arrived laet night on the Busie Silvor on his way to Florida, o hmg six sorvants, four horses, twenty-ono dogs, und sbout 6,000 pounds of baggage. He loaves to-day on the Memphis & Oharleston Ruilrond, Ile is in search of pleasuro, and will tako it out in hunting, fishing, eto., 1n the glados of Florida. Ho can afford it} his incoms tn @ q‘méx‘-m of » million per year, aud he {v not mus o