Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 19, 1874, Page 4

FEx:N FAIVOAMRY 19, 1874, e e ==~ TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERNS OF AUDAORIPTION (FATADLE IN ADVANOR). Daily (10| Sunda Tk S1E08] el Parts ot a year at tho same rato, To prosent delay and mistakos, bo wuro and give Post Of coaddrersin full, including Biste snd County. Remittancos tnay bo mada altlor by deatt, axprass, Post Oftico ordor, or in re tistored lotters, nt our risk, TERMA TO OITY SUBROMBENS, Cally, deliverod, Butday excoptod, 3 conte per week, Dally, dolivored, Sunday Inoludod, 80 conts per wook. Addross 118 TRIBUNG COMPANY, ‘Cormer Madizon aul parborn-ats.. Uhloago, il 30 rae TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. ! RIS TIRATRI-Madison strect, botwson Do e AL agagomant of (ho Birakooh OperasTroupo, **'Trovatoro. 310—Halstod stroot, botsvacn Moil- et A TS W6 Victims » and ** Kolon Shivglo. HQOLEY'S THE, Olatk wad Lniatlo, | plost Day of My Lifo," \TRIE—Randolnh st Lotweon ‘Honor, " ¢ Tho Hap- e g 00 Rltmore. T:—Dosplatnes atroot, botwoon Mad- o Gughyeniou: uf Sbarpler, Sboridan A Racke Mivatrals. PRI GRS . Aviin MFEE;'!‘-‘ % X Miipors Dayo” Minsireley aud cumi- ‘alitlos ., KAHN'S ANATOMIOAL MUSEUM—No. M8 AT Olaat siraot.. Kdionon and Arty The Ghicagy Tiibune, Monday Morning, Jonuary 19, 1874. 1t cost tho country 875,000 to provent Caleb * Cushing becoming Chiof-Justico, That was tho prico of the Pickott papors, among which the lottor to Joft Davis was found Tho Counell Judiciary Committeo havo unanl- mously decided to roport in favor of tho nomi- natlon of Louis Wallto tho Board of Public Works. The quostion of solling tho Lake-Tront was bofore tho same Commitleo at their mesting on Ssturdsy, and the legal pointa involved re- forred to the Corporation Counsel for his opinion. Gov. Davis, of Toxas, has twico asked Prosi- dent Grant to help him usurp tho Gubornatorinl eat, and has twico been snubbed. To hie last appeal the President baa roplied through Attor- noy-Genoral Williams that ho hns already hold the offico longer than the lnw allows, and that his right to stay still longer ia at Joast 6o doubt- ful that no Federal troops will be put at his dis- posal as he requests. It was unkind {n the Illinois Beuate to reject tho nominstion of Prof. Turner, considering how he fought and weltered for tho Republican ‘party in the Decatur Convontion. The trouble with Prof. Tuimor i that, whon he gets pon, ink, and paper before him, with & clear flald and no favor, ho is apt to range over anciont, medimval, 20d modern history, dofying time aud oternity, It is unfair to subject the compositions of so voluminous @ writer o the ordeal of mevere ariticiam, Our Canada lotter this morning aums up the probabilities of the succems of Premicr Macken- zio's masterly move in dissolving Parlinment and orderiag anew election. Every one of the progent Ministry who went back to his constit- uents bhas been re-elocted, sevoral boroughs that bhabituaily usod to go for Macdonald have lately givon hoavy majoritics for the Anti-Corruption- Iate’ party ; these, with othor signs, point to an overwholming dofoat of the Macdonald party and the Pacitio Railrosd ring. e The trafic in Italian children, which has its morkets in almost all the lorge cities of the country, has enllod ont o- xoyal decres from Victor Emonucl. The employexs of ail Italian children history 18 an inferesting one. for shouldars, 7}¢(@79¢o for ahort riby, T4@7%¢0 for shott clear, and 9}¢@100 for awoot picklod hams. Drossod hogs were nctive snd firmor, olosing at #0.26@0.85 por 100 lbs, Ilighwines woro dull and 1o lower, at 80e per gallon, Tlour was quiot and wonk, Whoat was leas notivo, and oasior, closing at $1,23 casly, aud §1.24}{c sellor Fobruary, Corn was more active, and 13{c Towar, closing stoady at 500 cash, and G0%¢o sollor Tobruary. Oats were moro active, and @50 lower, closing firm nt 409¢0 cash, and 41)¢c ollor Fobrunry, Ryo was active,nnd 20 lJowoer, but cloged firm at 77e for regular No. 2. Darloy was aull and easior, ot 81.20@1.31 for No, 8, Live liogs wore moderntaly active aud flemer, with salos ot 84.05@56.40. Cattlo and sheep wore in good roquest at firmly maintained pricos. Tho publle chatities of the Stato are roported by theStato Commigaloners of Charitionto bagen- orally fo o highly creditablo condition. During tho year, $400,000 Lies béen oxpended inbuildinga aud ropalrs in o manner which the Commission- ora ind satlatactory. Tho apaclal statoment of {hio Snanclal monagotent of tho Stato Cliaritios, calied for by tho House of Roprosontativos, fa postponed _ for @ short time on account of tho delay - of officers in answer- ing . tho quostions submitted by tho Board. Thore are doficita in the Troasurios of tho Northorn and Southorn Insane Asylums, The Ia- duatriel Univorsity at Chismpaign tho Commis- glonors find to bo so woll managed that tho Assembly may confidently give it tho appro- printions it noods. Tho inveatigation of the condition of tho county institutions in tho Stato has been loft to Mr. Fred. H. Winos, whosa roport will bo prosonted to the mext Asgembly, and fs to bo the *most accurato, thorough, sud comprohenalva roport on this sub- Joct ovor prosented to any Loglalature in any Slate,” ——— Adultorators of milk, caroless druggists, Ban- yon the protouder, lottery-dealers, ombezzlors, orgsu-grinders, Grand Jurors, vagraats, aond other subjects of criminal jurlsprudonce will find something that concorns them in the ex- tracts printed olsewlioro from tha bill propared by the Legislative Committos on Ravision to amond the Criminal Code. To adulter- ate milk with auy eubstanco is made punighable with & yoar's imprisonment or. & fiue of $600, The punishment for burglary 8 yaised to twenty yesrs or less from ten years or loss. Tho lottery businoss 18 treatod with just thoroughness and severity, and to origivato or abet in any way tho transfor of proporty by any gambling dovice 1s made an offenso punishable with fines ranging from 8100 to ©2,000. The laws concorning embezzle- mant of public funds aro also amended. Por- gons who escape conviction for crime on tho plea of insanity are to bo taken to the In- gane Asylum uniess they aroshown to have pormanently and fully rocovered. P THE MINERS' BTRIKE IN PENNSYLVANIA, ‘Wo priut this morning o lettor from our cor- respondent at Potteville, Pennsylvania, in which ho gives o reviow of the anthracito coal business, —tho miners, tho owners or operators of the mines, and the transportation companies, The The nnthracite conl mines are divided into four districts, and Poutavillo is tho contro of one of these districts. The wholo product of anthracite coal is about 20,000,000 tons annually, and of this amount 0,500,000 tone aro producad in the Pottasille, or Schuylkill, district. Each of these districts has o soparato syatem of traugportation companies, The Schuylkill conl all goes to Philadolphia by tho Philadelphin & Roading Railrond and Schuyl- in this country engaged in vagrant oceupations ure ordored to roturn tlsem at their own oxpenso to Italy bofore the 15th of May. Lest this order #hould be disregarded by the slaveholders, in tho bolief that the Emperor could not onforce it )gaingt thom in Amerias, ho adda tho threat that those who disobey will bo extradited to Italy. Fho municipal authoritics of American citics e asked to aid the Ialinn Govorument in ro- tovering the children. by tho Associate Juntices of tho United Btates Supremo Court to. the literature of tho Chief- Justiceship muddle. They join in sssuring Presidont Graot, by a formal noto, that, should be promote ouo of their number to fill the va- cant seat, nono of them will feel any jenlousy of the fortunato individual, This moy be taken 28 a well-meant hint to the President to got out of his embarragsmont by choosing one of tho magnanimous subscribors, but most people will rogret that thie Judges of the Supreme Court should have thought it necessary to give such an aseuranco about thomselves. Cheapor transportation isto bo got, accord- ing to the plan of the Transpostation Conven- tion at Washington, which has just adjourned, by Stato laws, rgulating tho railronds, but not fixing their rabos, by throwing the roads open' toall who aro willing to pay for the use of the tracke, by improving the water-ways from ihe interior to tho ocean, and by the construction of xoads and canals by tho Federal Governwent, to be uged by citizens on the pagment of tolla, A National Bureau i8 to bo estublished, tho mom- bora of which aroto look after tho passage of State laws proventivg excossive charges and unjust discriminatious, Tho abolition of the freo-pass system and tho subsidy swlndlo are othor moans to thi same end, Our playwrights might make o noat little farce 1rom tho history of tho overthrow of Bacz in Ssu Domingo. When thet worthy heard that 81 army wag in the fleld ngainst bim, ho opened five whth 2 mighty manifesto, Bingularly enough, nobody waslmrt, As tho onemy drow nesrer, Doz sont out his army, which rovolted as saon as it was ontside the elty, took its commandor prisoner, ana ennied him to the robols, ‘Thoir Goneral,—who, by the way, Lad, somokow or othor, bocome by this timo *“Provisional Presi- dont ” of the country,—instend of “troating him with austerity aud contompt,” setuelly {nvited + lum to slt down and have a glaes of wine, Of course no gallant soldier could rosiat such troat~ ment, The priscaier took command of bis old troops nnd marchod against his old friend Bacz. The letter hastdly gathered what plander ho conld and decampod in & Fronch frigato, San Damingo i% now to havo the inestimsble baon of & new Constitation. The Chicago produce markets oxhiblted a gon- oral decline on Snturdny, except In provisions, though grain was firmer towards the closo, and & fair aggrogato of businoss was traneacted. sdo firmer, closing kill Capal. Tho other districts find a market ot New York, or at points on the Hudson River. TFormorly thero was a flerce antagoniam botweon these compoting lines, but of late years thoy have united aud made common causo a8 againet the producor and the consumer. During tho War thes companies fixed enormous ratos of trans- portation, and the profits were very groat. In 1868, there was first formed a villago organiza- tion known as tho Aliners’ and Laborers’ Benev- olent Association, which grew until in 1868 it numbered 60,000 men. The flrat offort mado by theso men was the eight-hour strilie, which ended In the failure of the hour system, but so- cured wages on what ig known os the ‘‘basis system.” This systom menus the fising of o cor- tain sum per ton as the minimum price at which conl is to be sold. When coal solla at this price, the miners und the laborors aro paid o cortain rate per ton of coal delivered at the pit's mouth, Wages aro regulated wupon this basis; for eovery 8 ceuts por ton advance iu the solling prico of coal there s an ade vanco of 1 cont per ton in the wages. The frat basia for Sehuylkill ccal was 83 per ton. In 1869, {he ownoya of the minos demanded a reduction, The miners rofused, and there was another strike, ending in o reduction of the besis to $2.76 per tou, In timen furthor reduction was domand- ed, and then commenced the memorablo striko, fostored by tho trausportation companics, which roduced the workmen to poverty aud many of the operators to bankruptey. While this strike was pending, tho transportationcompanies lonn- od money frealy to tho oporators to carry on tho war, taking mortgages on tho mines, and loases, and machinory ; and then, at tho end, coming In under foreclosures and taking possession of the mines, the Jeases, and other property of the former operators, Thio railroads and canal com- ‘panios, thus bocoming mimng a8 well as transe portation companies, wore able in 1870 to dictate terms to the miners, and also to campel all othor pergona operating mines to unite in a gon- oral resistanco to tho Minors® Union. 1In 1878, the combination of transportation and mioivg companies agroed among themsolves as to the maximum amount of coal that should bo produced and transported to market, and appor- tioned to each o pro rala share, They fixed the Dasia upon which wagos should bo computed at $2.50 por ton, and have thus beon able to seoure a uniform sealo of prices, The work was con- tinued, and averago profits have boon made by all concorned. Bo thioge puesed through the panie, and up to tho close of the year, whon tue miuora proposed a chango iu the mode of ascor- taining the basls price. Tho rulo Las beon to tako statemonts from all the operators of tho pricos secured by thom for coal, and put theso statemanta {n a whoal, Tho average of the firat five of theso, drawn by lot, bas been taken ne the basla, Tho men uoticed that la the ad- vortising olroulars of the oporatora the prices wera put down much highor than in the state- monts; and 80 thoy demanded that the cironlar prices should heroaftor be taken in fixing tho basis, 'Tho operators 1not this domand by & counter proposition at $14.10@14.20 cash, and 814.20@14.25 sellor Fobruszy, Latd vas moderataly aiiiva sod ade to reduce prosent pricos 10 cents per ton, Mr, Gowen, Frealdout of dhe Plilladelphls & Reads vanced §6@10c per 100 Ibs, closing nt €8.80@ ! lng Rallrond, was nppoaled to, and-he adjottrned | aro mado of. Whon a man f8 n coward as woll 8.86 cnsh, aud #£8.00@8.95 sollor Fobruary. ; the maitor for n woak; at tho ond of that time 3 Moats wera activa aud J¢o por 1b highor, at Giga | ho proposed that the basts for 1874 shall bo the ng o'knave, lio hng touched bottom. Tt s not likaly thnt thase fallowa will again come to the sania a6 fu 1879, axcopt that the rato of wages | top, Tar about two yeara thoy have lost no sball deoline ab tho rate of 1 cont for overy 8 coata dolino bolow §2.60 por ton in the ruling prico at Port Carbon ; that this reduotion shall opportunity to sbake véd rags and scroam ont tholr monotonous farrago nbout the good tima coming, when ovorybody could take whateVor ho tako placo until tho prico of coal renchoes $2.25, |- wanted, and thun have tho publime matisfuction which shall be the minimum, tom rojocted. In wooks ~ have conl has been mlned. On minera notified the oporators of and Mr. gonoral, Our correspondont doos not think that Presi- dent Gowen intended more than a short atoppage of work, Tho supply of coal at all markels i large, and the Railrond Company and all the othor controlling agencios desiro that the spring trado shll bogi with an ompty markot. To work the mines as usual would keep up tho stock on hand. His' purposo was to stop work, nud nogotiato until Maroh, when, with could Dbogin again on the basis of 1873, This ho can thio mors roadily do, becouse tho various trang- portation compnnies, all’ of which aro mining companies also, have alrendy docided how much conl sbnll bo mined in lfl?},’nml what tho open~ ing pricos shiall bo in thoepring, It is not likely that, if tho men go to work in Mareb, the prica of conl will fall to $2.25, or below tho basis of 1873, but the companies may make tho point that the basis shall change 2e well whon the prieo falls bolow $2.50 ns when it advances above it. Tho minors, on the othor hand, will resist any roduction of the minimum prico at which coal shall bo sold, and, though tho pdint in con- troversy is one of principlo rather thau of sub- staneo, it fs posaible that tho strike may oxtend tho oid stoclk disposed of, hLo far into the season. g Monnwhilo wo noto that in the faco of this strike tha prico of authracite cosl in this markot hos fallen to 98, which ia lowor than tho nfid- summoer rate, and must involvo the loss of u;m"e thau a dollar on each ton sold at that fAigurd, THE-PENITENTIARY INVESTIGATION, ‘Wo print this morning tho report submitted to the Logislature by tho Benate Committee on Pe- nal Institations, giving the rosults of their in- vestigation into tho managemout of the Joliot Penitentiary. Though tho resolution authorizing thisinveatigation wasof agenoral character,it was suggestod by tho doath of tho convict Willisme, who had beon ordored to thocold bath aga punish- ment, and this was tho chief subjeot under con- sidoration. Yet tho report is 8o framed that tho death of Wiltiama would seom to boan inci- deutal and comparatively unimportant mattor. It is devoted mainly tosn indorsement of tho geueral managemont of the prisonin torms that ore almost enthusiastic, aud which, in ¢conuection withi tho convict’s doath, will im- pross most pooplo as an ill-timed, if not unwar- ranted, mess of whitowash. The genoral con- clusions of this report aro so incousistent with its own statement of the Williams cage that it is likelyto do tho prosent management of tho Poni- tentiary more harm than good. We are willing to teliove that tho managoment is entitled to much credit for certain conditions of tho prison, but this should mot reliove thoso who are re- sponsible from the censuro that justly attaches to the troatmont of Williame which resulted in his death, nor from the punishment with which such treatmont should be properly visited. {.The report admita that the bath was orderad in violation of tho rulea; thatthic man wes ime morsed four times; and that * whon takon out 1o statod tbat owing to tho panfo and the consoquont suspon- slon of mnnufactures, and tho mild wintor yonthor, thio consumption of coal hind fallen off ; and that common prudouco roquired that pro- vision bo mado for lower prices in 1874, This proposition was_ sont baok to the various branchos of the Miners' Unfon, and has boen by tho meaniime, sovernl olapsed ~ during which ' no Baturday tho their willingnoss to continuo tho bosis of 1873, of which 82,60 was tho minimum. Tho oporators Gowon, hLowever, inslat that $2.26 shall bo the minimum. Tho fatlure to agreo moans a striko in the Potisville, or Schuylkill, distriot, and, as tho same causes oxiet ln tho othor distrlots, tuo strike will probably bo of talllg tho ownor of tho proporty that lio wag « thict for daring to hnvo any. Ono publio nuisence Lias boen happily abated. ———eee INOREABING THE PUBLIC DEBT, Whashington dispatches stato that the Com- mittao of Waya and Moans havo hind undor con- sidoration o bill to authorize an increaco of thoe public dobt to the amount of £20,000,000, and that Mr. Dawos favors the bill, whilo tho other mombers of tho Committes aro most likely to roject it. The public dobt has boon incronsed $27,000,000 sinco tho 1st of Oatobor; and the Becrptary of tho Trensury holda himsolf author- 1zod to incronso it £17,000,000 mora without ad- ditional leglalation, A furthor jucreaso of $20,- 000,000 would malo s total of §04,000,000 added totho national dobt ju one yeor, in time of poaco, g Tho Committeo moy woll hosltata to give tholr sanation to such o measure. . Among the many trospasses. for which tho present Congress will havo to account to an irate constituency noxt foll an incronso of the publiodobt will be one of thio most hiarassing and troublesomo. Thoy will bo asked why they did not reduco the pub- lic oxponses whon the panic oame, Instead of bor- rowing tonoy to kedp up tho stylo of prospor- ous times, In tho whole list of appropriations thoro aro only threo itoms which catmot be cut down to meot tho exigoncies of hard times, viz., ponslona, interest on the publicdobt, and snlaries of Judgos. Theroisamploroom, outsidoof theso, for tho oxorolés of that enlightonod economy which the people are compolled to oxercise in their.private sffairs. Lot one fact bo horno in mind—~whatever sum of monoy, iy borrowed will bospout. Parn $20,000,000 into the Transury by a now loan, or an incronso of taxes, and moons will bo found for goltng it ong. On tho other hand, it it is pot thore it will not Lo spont. Tho solo mothod of enforciug economy in public ox- penditaroa is to lot tho Tromsury empty itsolf, and Sompel tho Adminiatration to square its out- go with its incomo, THE OURRENCY QUESTION, The debate now taking place in the United Btatos Senato on tho curreucy quostion calls for & restatemont of somo of tho elementary princi- ples relating to tho nuturo snd functions of monoy. The argumonts of those opposed to & roturn to specie payments are based upon tho threo following exrors : Fifsi—That monoy need have no intrinsio vikue. papor. can do it. tho last time Lo sat on tho edge of the bath-tub, blow the water out of his mouth and nose, bronthed heavily & faw times, then leaned over on tho floor, was carried and lald on the tablo, and then oxpired almost immediately.” And yet it is maintained that tho man was ‘ sullen and deflant " In refusing to put on his clotlies, though be must have been in the agony of doath at this very moment. In almost tho next son- tonco it i8 added: ** Tho opinion of the Commit- too is, that the conviet Williams had o discase of the heart, not diecoverable without care- ful examination of sa experienced physician, whbile bo was living.” Was this undiscov- erod bacauso the physician was lucompetent or beeauso he bad foiled to make a caroful exumi- nation? The Commuittea do not goy, though thore was crininal negligence in either caso where human lifo was ot stake, Then the Committes have tho cifrontery to say that it was tho physie- al effort which Williams made iu resisting tho ofticors that caused lus death, in the faco of thoir admission that the man had beon *duclked” four timos, and camo out the last time breath- ing leavily, aud, with wator gushing from his mouth aud nose, died immodiatoly. If tho mat- tor wero not so sorious, it would bo absurd for thie Committeo to say, o4 they do, that, “fechnic- ally, Ofticer Lall may havo gona & &top too far.” What does * technically " moan in & case whoro s mon has been doused to desth? The Com- mitteo ought to oxplain. The severest com- ment mada upon the whole transaction ia thaty Dr. Mason was *indiscreet™ in ordering the buth, and that the Commissioners madoe &/ *igrave mistake™ in not ordorlug o Coronend inquost, who death of tho convict seoms/to Live boon rogardod as of not much consoqyonce in tho motlor, Those who lavo road tho tosti- mony bofore the Corouer's inquest will look upou the roport as & shaw, and thosp Who read | evou tho Committoo's own .ahm'na'ut will voto it inconsistont aud moaningloss,~*" Our Hpringfleld corvospondent states thab soms wombers of the Cowmmittes who sigued this roport were not at Joliot at all, and thut {ho testintony botore the Cowmittes was nolther under oath nor submitted to writing, If theso things aro true, the report s entltled to no con- widoration whatover, and it should bo promptly rojocted by the Senate when it cames up to- morrow, Thore i3 a reeolution bofore the ouse suthorizlng & jolut committeo with full powors to investigate the mattar, which should e adopted it there la any real dleposition to probo tho Williams caso to the bottom, it not, 1t would bio a mera farce to accopt tho roport of the Senate Committen, It will bo Jess diegrace- tul 1o allow tho whulo matter to go} by defapit, The falluro of the demsgogues who Incited the regent riot {n New York to meot thelr dupes ou il day of the Aght, showa what stult they tho article measured. Second—That sn inconvertible paper money can fulfill the functions of a heslthy currency. 2Wini—That Govornmont can rogulate suck & curroney in such 5 mavner a8 uot to injura the comuarcial interests of tho country, To understand why an inconvertible paper curroncy, dependent for its smount only upon the variablo will, wisdom, and honesty of Goverament, must always bo inju- injurious, it is pecessary to undorstrnd what the prociso use of woney is, what it is called upon todo, and examine whether an inconvertible Evorybody luows that 1. As = medium As & mossure Tho best medium of exchango is ovidently that which everybody, overywhore, will toke in exobange for what ho has to soll. A medium of oxchange recsived overywhero is bettor than ono which paesos curront onlyin a single country. A mgdiym of eschango, whiclt all tho world & willing to receive is botter than that which i rejected by all the world oxcept oue nation ; and which is notrojected bythomonly beeausoits ro- coption is compulsory, and becauso the Govern- ment guarantees to everybody who takesit thak e shall be able to got rid of it and obtain some value in exchange, though kow much value Gov- erument caunot deereo. Now.apeclo is recoived everywhere, by every- body, willingly, nay, esgerly; it s its own guaraatee, aud cannot be repudiated, An fo- convertible paper curroncy i8 nccepted only by the subjecta of Governmout which emits it, not willingly.much loss eagarly, sud onky becauso |/lgnots depreciated to nothing. Our own Con- the Government covenants with the haldor that’) tinental monoy became worthlees, Itis certainly it shall uso its strong arm to force some obher person to accopt it in exchaoge for what that other porson has sold him or will soll him. Nothiug gives it value but tho strong mikive powor of tho Government, Woeaken that po'ver, and it depreciatos. Destroy that power, and the currency drops to tho ground worthless, Sich ia tho chiaracter of an inconvertiblo paper as o modium of oxchange. 1t "1t wora ouly horne in mind that money is o monsure of valuo in no merly figurative onsol that it is & monsuro of valuo in a senso as roul 28 the yard-stick is a messuro of linen and olothy, or a8 & busbel is of \'gumu, woshould hear loss. of aninconvertible chirency. Now just as the best monsuro of clofh is tho monsure least sub-. Sect to vaxy: just'ns & yard-stick liable to vary at the will of thd buyar or tuo scllor would bo an instrument of knavery, so is a onrrency “that yarios or m._y vary suddonly and greatly—ns an | Sucouveru!;lo ourrency alwsysmay. And just s | overy contract for the salo of linon orcloth, mado on sucly® varinble moasuse, choats either buyer or sollér, 8o evory contract for the payment of mongy, made in & country tho volumo of whose incdnvertible currency is lisble to fluctuatoe, o8 injustice cither to the debtor or tho ored- tor, nccording ns its amount or the dowand for ' it {ncienecs ordiminishes. Aud just as all con- trocts for the sale of oloth, cotton, or linon made on such geals aro gambling contracts, so sve oll contraots made whora such a cutrency oxista gambling contracte. There {8 only ono way in which & yard meas uroliablo to contraction or oxpunsion: can coasio to bo & swindling mensuro : by tho simultaneous and proportional contraction or expausion of ‘Iho samo Lolds true of the currency., Tho contraction or expansion of « ourroucy that takes placo as buslness itsolr contracts or oxpands ; that 18, as thora are more or fewer exchanges to be made with currmney, and more or less goods tobo sold for currency, 18 a contractlon or oxpansion whichloaves pricos unaffected, Of such o hosltby contraction and expangion of s nntlon’s ourrenoy wo are not spoaking hevo. Wa rofor only to a cantrac- tion or sn oxpansion made at tho arbitrary will of Government. Novw it may bo imposeible to flad » moasure for valuea sbgolutely juvarlablo, or that varios preoisclyos tho buainesadomanda of the country vary. But In tho absenca of an absolutoly perfeot emission and value. moasure of value, thet measuro least subjoot to varlationg, pnd which will come uearest to vary~ ing as commercial dowands vary, fs thoe beat, A measiro which may vary s grend doal sbould be rejoctod at any cost, if one which cannot vary it in & healthy way, can ho discovored, A variablo moasure of value shiould bo always re- Jectod, slnco it alters, or nt lonst may alter, tho torma of all contracts made on it just aa a vari- able yard-stiok or & varlable gallin might alter tho torws of any contract made in torms of i, dopeclally all contracts to bo made in the futire. 1t o party agroes to doliver a thousond yards of ‘cloth ton yonrs honco, or a hundrad thonsand hushals of wheat, and in tho meantimo the yard oxpands to twico itw longth, or tho bushol to twice {ts volumo, ho dolivers twico as muoh cloth a8 ho contractad for, or twico as much wheat, If oithor monsuro contracts to half its former dl- ‘mousions, ho delivers only lialf of what ho aygroed to delivor, and unjustly doprives the othor party of ono-balf hisduo. Andwoitisif the dollar loses hinlf its valuo ; aud with overy Inflation it loses somo part of 1tavalue, or purchasing power, sooner or later. No dry-goods morchant would dronm of making sll contracts for his morchan- digo on o variablo scalo on & monauro that mighe oxpaud at any timo botwoon tho malingof a contract and its porformance. Nor would s dealer in grain think very highly of a bushel which might Inorease or diminish at any momont, Yat, atrango to say, dry-goods morchants, and graln.dealors, nud all othor clarses of tho com- munity, are apparontly willing to make all con- tracts ou a measure of valuo whose dimenslons, altor & yoar, no ono can with cortalnty predict. Now, & speclo currency, or a ourroncy based on specie, is the natural currency of tho world, precisoly bacauso It cannot vary, save in an im- porcopliblo degreo. An incouvertiblo paper currency is the veory worst, for the roa- son that it ls not lable to vary. Spo- cio ‘can incresgse only 28 human labor incronsos b, It cannot contraot, becauso gold aud silver aro tho most durable of motals. AMon will not labor to increaso tho amount of specie, unless it {8 found remunerative to do so,—ro- munerativo in cloth, ment, and brosd. Tho supply of specio regulatos itsolf. Whon the do- mand incroasos, mining will become a paving business, and gold mines will be worked. Whon the domand is satisfied, mining will conse to pay, ond the gold mines will not bo worked until it pays to work thom ngain. Should thero bo too mucls specle, its valud will fall, it will bs meited, and manufactured into plate or ornn~ ments, Bince the world began, thoro has beon but ono considorable fluctuntion in the value of specio,—that occarioned by the discovery of tho American mines. From all of which it s apparent that money, to bo & safe mensuro of - vulue, must have intrinsic valus; that it must bo more than o name, just a8 a bushel or aysrd is moro thau a name, and that tho less Governmont has to do with it, boyond coining it and nsssying it, tho bottor. A study of the history of monoy confirms all this. It showe: 1. That all kinds of natural money over used by man, whethor cattle, coon-skine, tobacco, silver, or gold, possessed intrinsic value, 2. That money is nob naturally nor necesearily = subject of governmental concern, 8. That when Governmont does not interfere, congregation which bullt it and pald for it claim that thoy hinvo an equitablo right to tho prop- orty, Tho phintiffs on the othor hand hold tliat tho congrogation of Chtlst Church holda it fu trust, by its Trustecs, for the Protostont Epiacopal Churoh, and that whenover thero is ou infraction of this truat, such ay setting neido of tho forms and uunges of tho Ohurch and tho formal witbdrawal from it, ne in this luetauce, Lhen the Courts mustappoint Trusteos who will adminiator tho properly in due and logal form, nccording to the usages of the Proteatant Epis- copal Olurcs, ‘Whatovor may be the issuo ‘of tho salo on Thuraday, it sottles the quostion of the titlo of the proporty, whichiis now tho polnt in dlsputo, 1t tho Trustoes buy the proporty, tho title veata in thom, and thoy cannot be disturbed fo . If the Protestant Ipiscopal Church buys the prop- orty, thon tho Tyustoea can make no further olaim upon it. It is not likely that any third patty will ulip in and tako tho chisnces of subsos quont litigation or clouds upon titla. Whilo tho snlo may and tho prosont suit, it will not proba ble ond future litigation. If tho Protostant Episcopal Church should como fu as 8 bidder, it will not be likely to got tho property oxcopt at & protty round figure. To whom, in any case, does | tho reslduum of monoy, over snd above - the mortgage, go? Thoro is, therofore, a fair pros~ poct that the long nd tedious Choney cago may yot romain on tho docket for some time tocome. BANYON BAMPANT, Bhortly after the munfeipal election, we took" occeslon to bid Justico Banyon a plaintive and, a8 wo pupposed, o final good-by, nad at that timo wo -, oxpressed our regret ot pariing with guch an sble jurlst, and bospoke for him largo putronnge skould ho decide o return totho butter busincas, or the othor'avocations fn which hio acquired thabt remarkablo logal acumen and fund of logal knowledge which not onlyinspired his decisious, but oven enabled Lim to hold tho highor courls in supreme contempt., It now ap- ponrs that our pancgyric was wasted upon tho desort sir. Banyon, llko Banquo, will notdown. His * shinglo " still swings in the wind, and the widoight roysterers, recling up Btato stroot, atill hoars its mournful and signifleans croak, Tho heavy cases etill ‘‘coom oop tho shtairs,” a8 in days of old, when O'Malloy and Prendergast held the scales of Justice, and as- tonishod thnt bandagod fomalo with their pro- found ultimata. DBanyon still sits enthronod sud ** comprehouds vagrom mon,” as did Dog- borsy, hie groat original. And this isn't the worst of it. He throatens ua with Banyon for the rest of his lifo, Thore is no such office 28 the ono ho holds, as it was abolished throo years ngo, and all that ho is doing is void, and yet daputies to form loeal branches throughout Now Enpland ond Stato nssocintions throughout the country. Itis thought that tho now soclety's growth will be as rapid ag that of its compoor, Liko it, it is to bo acorot and non-polition),—if it can, Tho nocial rosults of this nnion, if it ia norfeoted, will bo great. The two parttes to the compact cannot but educato each other. Thoy canuot but bolp each other Auancially, Through thelr Btato sgonis, they will soll to each other dircotly, snd 8o save tho taxea of middlomon, The systom will probably do as much to promoto co-oporation smong tha mecbanles a8 it hos among the husbandmen. Tho political results of the nunion may bo groat, too, Thore is hopo for tho futuro in this Land-clasp of tho farmer of tho West with the artisan of tho East, ‘Wo learn with sorrow that tho Beots who hae wl’ Wallago bled nevor wore o kilt, If the un- willing host of Marmion Lad told him that he (Douglan) waa in the babit of woating ono, Mar- mion's parting remark, “*Angus, thou hast lied,” would hava been strictly true, however much out of taste.” Tho kilt Is a klgn of modorn dogenar- ncy. In tho firmt place, tho Beots imitated Adam in tho days of bLis innocence. A romowhat clothied chief iu sald to have awked ono of"hir clansmen, who wan lying naked on tho snow, if ho wore not cold, *‘In your face cold?” ropliod tho lardy savage, “No.” *Neithor am I, for Iam faco all over.” A the raco degencrated, it woro clothies, Its garmonts grew thicker and thicker. Then it begon to dress in blunkets These were hold around tho walst bya belt TFinally, an army-tailor thought of severing the two parts, Tho upper beecamo a jacket, the Jat- tor a kilt. o, though it may take nino tailbm to mako s man, it took only one to make & Scotohmen. For thokilt mnles him, Ho aund fz aro inseparable in our minds, Take it away and ho is naught, Can you imagino a kiltless Bruco fighting at Bannookburn? R One of Locoh’s drawings ropresonts a candi- dato for Parliamont winuiug an elector's vote by caressing lhalf-a-dozen of his dirty cbildron. This, it sooms, was 1o fancy sletch. M, Hore- mau, B, P,, thinks that o most bonoflcial reswt of voting by ballot will be to put an ond to can- vassing, and ** canvassing,” o adds, * makos k¢ necessary fo kiss bables.” Ho draws a pathotie pleture of his own waes in this way,and closos it by saying: * Lattributo thefactof my havinghad measlos threo times to my having lad to kiss co many babies in my canvass.” Tho Paria Charivari josts sbout Cuba, Ono of ita rocent cartoons reprosents a Yankeo, who carries a plecard with tho logend: * American Boots—Brother Jonathan,” standing bofore & Spaniard. Ono of the lattor's boota ia torturing fhim. It is markoed * Cubs.” Ha grasps it aud serewa his faco into a grotosque look of sgony. Brother Jonathan saya: ** It pinchos you ; aliall Ldraw it off 7" ———— NOTES AND OPINION. we must have this judicial embarrassment of riches until tho possessor of them is gathered to Lis fathers. *For,” quoth Dogberry, * aslthough the Constitution of 1870 abolished the ofico, it provided that those in offico should completo tho term for which they were elected, and tho torm for which I was elected runs until my suc- cossor i3 appointed. As my successor cannot bo appointed, because tho ofiice Js abolished, argal, I must sorve through life.” the beat medium of exchange attainablo will be adopted. | 4. That money is, in itsa own nature, a com- modity which is only suothor way of saying that real money possesses intrinsic valus, The lustory of paper money coufirma all that wa have eaid of its dangers. Too Kings of tho Middle Ages are blamed for dobasing the coin of {hoir kingdoms. What is un {nconvertible paper put the debasing of thoe coin carried to the ex- trome? Papermoney has hitherto boen emitted by Governments only as o temporary expedient. ‘Thera are those in this country who would make an inconyertible currency a permsneat institu-’ tion. This is all the more to bo lamented, a8 & paper currency ig difiicult enough at any time to ‘bo gottenxidof, Evenin countrios where tho univeraal desire was to do away with 1t it heldats own for years—in Russia 71 years, in Denmark 100. In Austria it has boon usedsince the Soven Years' War; in Chioa it was used from 12300- 1489; in England from 1707-1822, That Government iy powerless to prevent its depreciation is attested by the lstory of all poper curroncies that have ever boen, The Rus- sian paper rouble had dopreciated 76 per cont be- fore rosumption was effectod, The Freuch as- possing strango timt, in view of the undoubted Qongors of an irredeemablo currenoy, and of tho demonstrated foob thut anly 1 a specie curroncy, or & currency based on ' specie, is our salvation from theso dangers, thero should be found so many who would hail evern an addition to the present amount of our curtenoy—a owrrenoy al- rondy dopraciated—as o blessing. Of tho advocates of an iuconvertible carrenoy it may bo truly esid that thoy look meither bofora nor ‘behind them. Thoy are neither a priori nor a posteriori philosophers. They live in sublimo ignormuce of the ugpaflonco of thopast aud sublime hoedlessness of the interests of the future. They discourse on tho currency question with all the authority of inapired fluanclory, haviug a spocial revelation of tho myateries of monoy. Thoy tive not to utter financial fallacios which the history of currency refutes, which fact end theory alike expose. Thoy seom to think, mavy of them, that the question of, an inconvertible currency was naver thought of antil within the last few yoars ; that seionco has notbing to say about it,—at least nothing which they care to hear. 1t ia impossible to exaggerate the importance of the curroney question. On its right solution depends the fortune of every citizen of the TUnited Btates, the inviolability of every contract, tho character of our commerce, the prospority of tho country, the economy of the poople,—their morality evon,—and tho welfare or demoraliza- tion of the laboring clagso THE OHRIST OHURCE SALE. Tho public announcemont of Jamos Howe, mortgageo of tho Christ Church proporty, that Lo w.lll soll it on Thursdey next to the highest biddav, puta the cavo sgalnet the Trustess of the Ch urch, which has 80 long been pending in the Courts, in & now light, and may oventually load to @ ven nicor and more yoxatious questiona than hmio yot beou raised. Tho trust decd, made by &t Trustees of tho Church to the Pres- byterinn ‘Theological Beminary through its Troasuror, provides that any dofault in tho pay- mont of tho interost notes makos the wholo of tho princips] sum ($25,000) due immedistely, and tho morgegeo may gcll the proporty and all right and equity of redemption of the ‘Prustees. Dofault having been mode in the paymeont of tho intercst installmont uote, due Nov. 3, 1878, the mortgagee now advertisos tho property for public esle on Thursdsy noxt, at thie Court~¥ouse door, At tho first glance, tho thought of Banyon for = lite-timo ig appalling. What have the people of this city dono that they should be afllicted with such & calamity? Ts it not enough to have had the great firo? Is it not enough to be bound down to tho earth with taxes, to be ground betweon the uppor and lower grindstones by tho Gonoral Assembly, and to bo threatouod with tho small-pox, without having Baoyon sad- dlod upon the commusity a0 long as ho lives ? ‘Thero may be greater miseries in the Pandora box of the future than Banyon, but the imagina- .tion is not keen onough to pioture them. But “the bost laid schomes of mice and men aft gang agley.” The nice little nest which Bgnyon hiag proparod with 8o much caro and made 8o cosy and Bnug and warm may not bo oc- cupiod by bim, after all. . Thoro is a cheering ray of light in the dark picture,~= rensonable degrao of bope, at lonst, that things are not as black as thoy seom. Notwithstanding the fact thist the great Jurist hes intronched himself in what he deems an impregnable position, behind which bo can smile st any efforts to dis- lodge blm, and cootinue 0 administer the “emply dutios” of an office abol- ished three yoars =ago, there s no doubt that his position can be carried atthe very first onsot. His illustrious contemporary and rival, Jobu Bummerfiold, about two yoard ago undortook the esmo operation of foisting him- golf upon the community for life, aud in the eame manner sa Banyon now praposes, . The Btate's-Attarnoy, however, found no diffiealty in suppresging him, byan appesl to tho Courta. What is asuco for tho goose is sauce for the gan- der. With this littlo instrument, tho burly Ban- yon may bo taken out of the nest he Las pre- pared for hetobing deocisions with so much caro, and remanded to the butter business, or soma other form of Yivelihood which will not bo likely to crucify the community with his presence in the temple of justice. It is fortunate that tho magnitude of tho loss of such a juriat will be tempered by the fact that tho community can sparo him. While he Dimgelf will outertain a still greator degree of contempt for the higher courts, the peoplo will bo freed from the necessity of longer entortain- iog contompt for Rhis court. Tho State's-At- torney noed not bo difident, therofore, in mak- {og this man show cause for sitting in a seat which has boen declared forever vacant, and going through the farce of making decisions and entering judgments which have no more validity than tho scribblings of & lunatic. THE S80VEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY, Thero was a significant couvention in Spring- flold, Mags,, last week. Its Bocrot sessions wore attended by mechanics trom many parts of Now England, and the result of its doliberations was tho formation of a uccret order, tho Soyorolgua of Industry, tho avowed object of which i to co-operate with the Granges of the Wost. It wilt bo remembered that the Grangos sent Mr, T. O. Abbott on o missionary tour to the East, His succoss in organizing the Now Eng~ land farmors was not striklng, Thoy scarcely felt the evlls of whiok their Western brothors complained eo grievously, and wore slow tomove in tho good cauve, Thoe Bpringfleld Republican gove Mr. Abbott somo.good advice. Ib maid: *Ho should look among the mechsnics andar- tisans, the mon of the factories and workshops, They ave the elemouns of rostlessuoss, of. agita« tion, of diecontont, ju our Massachusotts socle- ty; tholr labor-unions, eight-lour leagues, ote. roprosont that social-politionl fermentation whick 18 ropresented & thousand milea- west by the Pa- trons of Husbandry." Thomissionary toak the advice, and went Weas to ‘got the Qranges’ cousent to the union of farmer and artisan, Tlis conaent, at frat rofused, was "The {esuw of tbis sale touches the vital polut ol the sase mow pemding in the Qourts, The finslly given, The Bpringtleld gathering formed » Natlouai and Siate organiation, aud appolnted The Kansna Legislature will noxt week Tnes day (Jan. 27) go into an election of United States Sepator, vice Cnldwell, resigned,—Robort Co.. zier now occupying tho soat ad interim, —This is the way it appesred in the Dubuque Herald: ANNATOLIA, Jan, 10.—The Domocratio Legialativy saucus_vomninated Willlsm Pincknoy (white) Unided Btatos Senutor, —Tho contest for the Virginia Senatorsbip ‘having been narrowed down to R. M. T. Huater and Robort E. Withers, sud the Iatter being ohoson, tho Richmond Wlig rogretfully drowy the morel: thatitis a triumph of Young Vir- ginia over O1d Virginia; and further, that— The selection of Cal, Withers, who, up to the war, was an ardentand dovoted Whig, and during the brie] existence of tho Know-Nothing party, onoof tho most 2calous advocates of tho tenets of that party when Robert M, T. Hunter, Thomas B, Bocock, William Bmith, Wiiliam J. Robertson, Jamos Barbour, Robert Quld, Jolin Lotchier, J. Randolph Tucker, John Goode, James Noeeon, und Robert L, Montague Were his op. ponents, affords tho highest possiblo evidonco that the hame of Donocracy has lost its charm for the peopl of Virginis, especially whon the old Tenth Legion Jed the van und waa tho first in at the death of the alaugh. tered Democrats, —The Burlington Hawk-Eye romarks on the present_political situntion Grant 00,000 mejority : Tereaftor wo must wait Tetums beforo announcing Tapublican victorles in Iowa, Formerly the roosters, tho double-loaded_jubilunt edtorial, with all the para: phernalia for annouincing s stunning victory, couln be arranged beforo os well as after tho votea counted, but, alack snd alsa! those dnya sra pawsed. Honcefortls o must wait until the returns come iu -beforo we determino the struln in which the result muat bo announced, Ropublican victorlos must here aftor bo wan, they witl not win thomselves, and 1t will not do to count a fact occomulished until'we have the evidenco in black and white —The great need of the country to-day is a strong conaolianted pnn‘g in opposition to the Ropublicans, . . . When n party is so atrong tiat thore is no chance for anything short of & revolution to destroy its power, all the ‘rsscals in the country are sure to be found in its ranks, —otlawa (Kans.) Republican, The Credit-Mobilier snd the salary-grab opened people's oyos to what was going on, nud ‘when thoy look around them and commenoa inves- overywhere. . . . When we Lavo fair, squaro, honost eloctions, without the exccesive uso of monoy, curru&)uou will measurably dm;}zpem' from our body-politic.—Carlyle (IlL.) "Union- Banner, —The Republican members of tho Kentuckv State Logisiatura bave sout & tologram to the Presidont urging the appoiutment of Colonol Bristow, of tlat Blate, for Chief-Justico, Thera aro at loast half & dozon lawyers in this Eiate more _competent and deserving, If Bristow shiould be nominated, the storm raised over Cushing would be but 1 zoPhyr to that which would blow tho Kentucky ‘furveydrop out of political life.—Indianapolis Jourual, —Tho to nominations medo thus far have gorved to beeloud the position itsell, For tho Chiof Justicestup of tho Unted States to Lo bandied about among persons who sre inferior in ability, or elsa defective in cluracter, is torri~ bly unfortunate. 1f this shall continua, it will not bo long ere tho country in disgust will dee mand tho abrogation of fho ofiive,—Pillsburgh Gazette. —Did it_ever occur to tho extra-oficious frionds of the President that this accion [of Con- gress on tho salary-repeal] will bo more injuri ous to him uud to his varty than any “capital " that could Lo made of anabsolute repea! ill sanctionod by the signature o Prosideat Grant himsolf 2—New York Evening Post. —It is not creditable, perhips, to the shrowd- ness of the Ropublican mombers of the lowa Sonate thut thoy permitted s Domocrat, Mr. AecCormack, to steal a march on them by iutro- ducing u rosolution of conwure ngaivst all the salary-grabbers, including Prosident Grant, Jr. Stono sweetened tho patogoric of theso suckling reformers by adding & clause censuring Dewo- crats for voting for tho Iuiqm!{ in Congross, when the resolution was swullowed with an unanimous gulp. In this Towa llngnhhcnnu did botter than their brethron in tho Ollo Legisln- ture, who rocently voted down & pimilar rorolu. tion beesuse it cousured President Graut for sgning tho Balary bill.—Dubuque Herald. —T'ho commonts of such men ag Lon Butler, Dawos, and othorsof that kith and kiu, in abuse of journafism, malo very agreosblo roading. + + » Wo suspeat tho truth of the matter to o that peopla like an indopondent press for the very teason theso gontlomon don't ke it. 1f (hoy would be honest nud behavo themselyes, the papors would have uothiug tosny ubout them. Bocause thoey cliooso sn opposito conse, they got dutued witlia praldo that Is 10 wiys foint. Who hus over hoard of tonlly_worthy mewmber coatigatad Ly tho fratornity ? I it nut notorious that many aro pormitted to oscupo with a mild admonition who really dosorve the Knout? 'There fs no euch protcoror of imo- cenco—not_oven ho lawa~—as tho press of tho country. It is only thio guilty who ara made to feol tho lash, unléss through mistake, Whon Cougrogamon are_what thoy ought to be, they mmlffltnml in no dread of a power that only tlays for folly or crime.—St, Paul Pioneer, R Notulng con be plainor than that tho’most careful serutiny of the Listory und olaractor of publio mon iu not only proper, but is & duty to Bihicls the press 18 bound, - It i o duty, too, not 1ess to tho community in whioh tho“prose ex- {stg, but to tho pross itsolt, Wo should have small foith In tho progress and prospority of nowspapors i this coyutry if we did uot know+ that 5o many of thom aro conductad by hoyost and conrsgoons men, who cauuot be Lought, and who luva too much eonsa to becoma sub- gorviont to any set of weltluh mwen. It Is upon guch men thut the Jife of the press aud its wre- fuinoss aund growth in power depond, ?‘m, pol‘ifiunn whq ;vlnzuld mnll(la th‘. Elm:-l;hulr rz:.l would woon ruit it, se well as infliat Inu jury on the countsyNew York flnm.unl tigating, they iud oflicial thievery going oo nearly . Towa—that gave .