Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 17, 1874, Page 2

2 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JANUARY 17, 1874, ; IOWA. Strength of the Anti-Monopoly Sentiment, o Stato Agricultural College and s Presidents Message of Gov, Carpenter. The Condition of the State and Its Vari- ous Governmenlal Departments. Views of the Governor Upon the Rallvond Question. coqf The Chicago Tribune, Cnmapnnufum;u ‘Motxes, Town, Jnu, 14, 1874, Many of the mombeis of tho Leglslaturo as- Jort that the sosslon will bo a short one. Under ihe provisions of the new codo, tho pay of mem= sora I fixed nt $660 por torm, bo it long or sbort, nd for this roason, if for nonoother, it ia claim- »d that logislation will bo driven'ss rapidly as nosslble, 'Thore are clouds, however, in the ogislative slcy, which, though apparontly small W prosent, give iudications of troublo ahead. 1t is tho goneral expreseion amongst ** Anti« Monopolists," and is concaded by many Ropubli- nns, that 10WA 18 ANTI-MONOTOLY TO-DAY. Tho olection in Lee County, last wack, is Len ns o fair illustration of the political shangos wo aro undergoing. In tho October slection, tho Ropublicaus olocted thoir Rep- sescntative to the Assombly by a majority of 81. A fow weoks thorenficr, tho membor cloct was electod to a differeat, and, it is lhoped, a moro honorable body ; and, lasb wook, Mr. Schieer, Anti-Monopoly candidate, was clacted to fill the slace made vacant by his death, by a mnjority of 83, THE LOWER HOUSE of tho Towa Logislature, as it stands to-day, is unquestionably Anti-Monopoly in character. It ls composod of fifty straight Republicaus, twon- y-ono Antd's of Republican sntecedonts, and onty-nino Anti's who have lerctofors ncted with tho Domocratic party. 1t is gonorally believed, and, In fact, assertod, that tho affairsof the difforent Stato institucions will recoivo o thorough investigntion. Among these, tho IOWA BTATE AGIMOULTURAL COLLEQE, located nt Ames, Btory County, will be hikely to sttiact the most attantion. At o businoes meot- ing, soma timo einco, the Collego Board ro- solved to petition the Legisiature for o liberal appropriation this winter, ‘I'ie Presidont of the Culloge, tho Hon. A. 8. Welch, has been horo lobbying for the past wook. It I8 evident, how- over, that ho and his friends axe ill at ense, fonr- ing something more than failura in their eiforts to procure money from the Stato Treasury. Soma timo ainco, saveral of the senior P'rofessors wero discharged, at the instigation of the Presidont, 18 thoy clalm ; and, sinco that ovent, A“BITTER CONTROVENSY bins arison, which will doubtless tend to huston the investlgntion into the managomont of the concern. Your corrospondont hins mado diligont inquirios in regard to this matter. A stato of semi-hostility has long existed betwoen Proi- dont Wolch and somo of the officers of the Col~ logo. One olement of trouble is snid to have been the testimony givon by _certain of the Pro- fossora bofora the Rankin® Investigating Com- nittee, last winter, winch bad its influouco to aring about the strong conaure which tho Com- mitteo saw fit to cast upon Presidont Weleh, 1t ¥a8 held that WELUI WAN COONIZANT * of the defaleation of State-Trensurer Rankin for tomo tino bofors It was made public, and took a0 stops to secure tho Collogo or the State from toes, In this connoction, a fow words' deseription of this man Weloh, who hns obtained sueh zn un- snviablo notoriety in this State, may prove of intorost. 1o is o gradunte of Micligan Uni- vorsity, and was at one time Principat of tho Stale Normal School at Ypsilanti, Bince that time he bas been A CATPET-BAGOER, s member of the Seunto of tho United Biates from Tlorida, and n perpetual soeker after offico. Entering upon bis_duties in Congress in May, 1868, he was elected Pregident of the Iows Stale Agricultural College the same month; and, in the Augnst following, moved, with his family, to Ames, whero lio bas since resided, with the ex- teption of o fow mooths in Washington nnd in Floiids, sooking a re-clection to Congress. In regard to tho Collego, it is cinimod tnat many thousands of dollars have boon iminap- plicd, both from tho State appropriations and from tho incomo of the Congressional ondow- ment. It is also claimed that tho College doos not fulfill the nussion for which it way estab- lishod short, it DOES NOT MAKE FARMERS AND MEONANICS, 1 it wos intonded to ¢ but its gradustos aro Jook- ng to tho law, to medicine, to tenching, to poli- ica, to nnything indecd but hard work in the srofessions in which tloy have boon ostansibly rainod, The first clasg—that of '72, numbering iventy-six—turned out one farmor, and he was wducatod for an englnecr. Tho lust class—num- seriny fifteen—has one farter in prospoct, pro- vided Lo can seo the political rond opon through she farmer’s gate. Cheroe aro also grave charges mado with releronca to the internal goverumont of the College. It is claimed that it is exceed- ingly arbitrary, capricicus, and often needlessly Hovere. A fow items of interest I bave culled from tho roport of the ARKANSAS INDUBTRIAL UNIVERSITY, which come in vory aptly in conuection with this natter of the Jowa Uollege, sinco the namo of die samo man is printed at tho hond of both Facultios, viz: the Iion, A. §. Welch, LL.D., uondam carpot-bag Seuator from Florida, ns foresnid. ‘Tho Board of Trustees of the Arkansas Uni- tersity hava coutrived to grab—* borrow * iy he Iowa word for it—the whole of the Endow- nont Fund arising from_ tho salo of tho Con- srossfonal land-grant, and to devote the samo to ho ercction of o stupoudous edifice—lo e buill, 'They are selling the State ievip at 64 conts on tho dollar, but haven't my more to sell, Tho University puys, or proposcs to pay, cuormouns salarics, The Freshman clnss number sixtoen, half of whom ro from the little town of Fayottville, whero the Colloge i8 located, It ling o large preparatory lapartment, with o course of study begluning sith tho & b o's,—nearly all of tho pupifii from Fayettville also. It 8, in offect, tho infant chool of that villago, and o poor one at that, This oxhibit is cortainly a more humiliating ono than Towa will make, but wo may look for an expose hero which will be somowhat startling, A {rumnwuz Inwyer of this Btato, who was o momber of tho last General Assombly, informed mo to-dny thut the Towa institution was ROTTEN TO THE CORE, wnd ho could prove it. Col. H. O, Toggatt, the nomber-clect from Btory Connty, who wos slectad in oppoeition to the Coliego King, will ntroduce a resolution ealling for & thorough in- restigatien at an enily day, aud it fs probable hat tho Arkankas Travoler," the curpot-bag lountor aforesnid, will Lave an opportuuity to how hia haud, Gov. Carpenter’s Messnges Tho following synopsis of tho messago of toy. Carpenter presents all tho sationt featuros f that document: FNANORS, During the fiseal torin thero was paid Iuto the gener. 1 reyeniw fund of tha Bate thowim of $2,120,077.61, Lioro wine disburaod therofcam tho s of $2,150,° i the lu‘xll!umlllt‘x’l.l;::-‘ 13:3 wacseding the roceipis 80,52,18, whichi_siouni ucted feom the balutic S ant’ Nov, 0, (871, Vies $H0T080 Tomsor balc 27466 iu tho ‘Tréasury to thu cledti. of tho goner tovenne ut the end of tho term. Tho tlal haliues on tund of all funds was $57,23, “Thia Auiitor catimates (o Tocolpts of Stats rayenus wo yoars, of school lands, d6,716.08 acres, 305 lote, and Lnif & blook ; of univoralty fands, 3,320 aeroa ; and of awamp land, 11,043.43 aoces, Bwarmp Iand fntlem. nity certificates hiave beon rocoivod, calling for 14,057.74 acrew, but as thora nrono Iand i Town on wafch thess can bo located they aro at present of doubtful valne, ‘A fow ndditional tracts of land cortified, directly or iniirectly, (o tho Burlington & Missourl River Itafte ruad Corpany mako the aggregate of all the grants for futouinl finproveinentn i Yown 4,808,008,68 nores, Ou the 20tk of July, 1872, npon Batiafactory evie Adenico, I certified to tho Secretary of the Interior the complotion of twa sections, of ten milea ench, * from tha south lino of tho Btate af Minunesots, southerly in tho diroction of Sloux Clty,” of the Bloux Oity & Bt, Paul Radlroad, Upon similar evkdonce, on the 10th of Anguat, T certified to tho construction of another acos tlon ; und on the 4th dny of February, 1874, to tho camylotion of two mora’ scetions, ono Prior to Aug, 10, und another prior to Sept, 10, 1873, On thoe 16th of Octobor, 1873, tho United Btates couvoyed to the Btate 191,404,04 ncres on account of this road, and on {lie 171l of Juno lnat_203,374.70 acros more, Ad no pros yinion of In\ liaa yot boen mnda for (ko convoyatico of tho laudaof this grant to tho Company earuing thosamo, Lenll your attention thersto, In order thst you may tako (L necesary nction to faldll the obligations of the Btato to the Company, Bome of tho landa aro clainied by the McGregor & Minsourd River Tiatlrond. Company, and I liave been sorved with an injunotion ssued out of tho Olrcult Court of Osceola County rostraining me from patouting thoso thus in disputo, Thorond i8 now comploted from _tho S‘lnlu Jine to Temurs, whenee the track of the Iowa Fulls & Sloux Clty rond 18 mude uso of into Sioux City, From tho Blato line the rosd owned by tho 8t, Panl & 8loux City Company s constructed through {o Bt, Paul, furnishing Minnesotn with its most divec route to the Pacitic, T'he Iown company has yot to bilild ite roud 1o Bloux Qity, & Uiatatico of Bomo twonty-five mil But Nttle progress has ¢ beon. made to rda ihs_completion_ of tho McGregor & Missourl River Raflrond twestof Algous. Tho act of Congress making tho graut for this roud says the Initial point of the roadaball be * ator near the foot of Main sircet, Houth McGregor,” Thoact of the General Assaihbly of 1807, regranting the lauds, roquired, o8 a condition of suiclt regrant, thot tho road should bo completed “\as far west on to Ohickusaw, in Tiunge 14 fn Ohicks nsaw Connty, by the 1at day of Beptember, 1869, ‘Chat point Is, and was beforo that timo, in ratirond com- Inunfeation with thie Shssisnippt Hiver st North Mc- Gregor, Romo two miles north of tho proximato nitial olnt named in the act of Cougress. "Adwitting, what 4 more than questionable, that the pleco of road bullt foom the Misstasippl River 10 Oaliar by auother com. pany 18 a part of tuo liuo coutemplated in_{lio Act of tho General Assembly, there in yet much room for doubt whether the requiremcnt ns_ to the luitisl poiut Iias been, complicd with, Tho dosignation, *nt or near the foot of Aluin strect, Bouth MeGregor,” would Bardly seom to covor s point_uot iu South McGrogor atnll, If this viow bo corroct, chen tho granco L not completed ita road to Chickaenw, and tuo fatluro to do 80 gives tho Genoral Assembly an_opportunity to tuke auch actlon a8 may seom needed to bring about s cumt}vlluucu Ly the Raflroad Company with ol tho conditions of tho grant, : 1f the Junds fn Townships 80 and 00 ¥ ]lnllgmlaa and 29, should, under the receut doclsion of the Supreme Court, ba hold as iunring to tho Des Molues Vulley Tafirond Compauy, it would uns:ttio tho title to their Liomes of quito n bunbsr of familics who now hold under tho Dubuqua & Sioux City Ruilrond Company, to which thess lands wers certitied under the uct of May 15, 1830, In view of thio great hurdships that will resuit to thie sottlers,—who have cuitivated theso lauds for yoars, belivviug their title to Lo guh}nl,—l would suggest whethier it would not bo well for the General Assonibly to refer tho matter to tho Attornoy- Geveral, snd, if in his opinjon fho Des Molniea’ Volloy Company hold tho title, thon to adopt Gomo mesmuro by whieh' the State may assufnio the onua Bf sottling with tho Come pany nud theso familics bo saved from distrens, aud, in many Instauces, ruin, & THE CENSUN, The Lwelftl census, taken Init ppring, sliows o popu- Intion of 1,451,333~ increago siuce 1869, when the cleventh State census was taken, of 310,614, but of anly 67,013 over tho footings of (ko Tederal eniuncra~ tion of 1870, ‘I'ho census of the present year shows, what has in- deed been apparent 1o common observation, that the rapldity of growtl which has murked tue history of Towa from 1805 to 1870 lLas received a check, Immi- gration, except to the newer counties of tho State, i nearly if uot quite bLalanced by emigration to the cheaper but pol better lands Dbeyond the Missourd, From this, I deduco tho fact that some parta of our State have reached a point boyoud which no great growth may be auticipated until their industries shall liave become more largoly diversifiod ; In othior words, that, with agriculture alono os a basis of productive walth, tlioy linvo reachied {ho poriod of their groatest comparative prosperity, If such bo tho cuso, it bo- comes tho ptatesmen of to-day to Jook it in tho fuce, and, if legistation can do_anything towarda bringing abont the necded diversifieation, to apply stch legisla= tioti, A fow years ngo, tho deairabllity of enconraging the growth of thubor, fruit-trees, Abade-trees, ol hedges indueed the General Assenibly to mako lberal excmptions from taxation lu fuvor of their enltivation, “Tho ifect hns been to dot the prairies of the newer countles with groves of young timber, aud to stimu- Iale all over tho State the growth of trecs and hedges, ‘Fhut slmilsr results would follow like liberality to- wards monufacturing fudustries, thero can_bo no donbt, Tho propriety of such oxemption I most carnestly recommend to the couslderation of the General” Assembly, iu the lope (hut it will bo fouud advisable to enact weasures coleulated to stimulate thoso industrics, The immense coal-fields underlying the soil of Iowa, renders it probable that sucl eucouragement will not long be needed, and thst o Jittlo aid at the incipiency of mannfacturing enter- prises, suflicieutly long extended to convineo thelr projectors of the fuviting fickd Tows offers them, is all that {s necessary to estubllsh on o firm footing the amost oxtenaive mnnufuctures, The exemption from taxation of the Houeys iuvested thercin above n cor- tain smount, would, Tam persunded, bring into tho State much capital, the uncxempted part of which would {tseif fu no small degreo inerease the amount of taxable property, and for whicl hout some such discrimination, we may wait for ye FRIZE-TIGHTING, On the muruing of Monday, Nov, 17, 187, T recefved u telegram from ¥otne of tlie most promiuent men fu Oouneil Bluits, fuforming moe thut a prize-ght was coutomplated in that viciuity the next duy; that soveral hundred * roughs ” had congregated in that ity and Umnha to wituess the fight, snd that the civil authorities wero powerless before them 3 and thoy re- quested me to soud a wilitary forcoto provent tho disgrace to the State sud their'eity, I replied that if tho Sherll juformed mo oficlally of his fuability to axecuto the law, I would fecl it my duty to uid iz to thoextent of my powor, The Sboriff responded awke ing for sid to exccuto the law, saying that bo was une abio to do 5o with suy force ab bis command {n Potta- watlamie County, Iu reaponse to this, I issued ordors to the Adjulant-General to forward n millitary oompany to Lis ald, ordering them to roport to tho Sherdit, This order was executod, Lato in tho after- noon of the next day, the Adjutunt-General forwarded mo telegram, eaying that ilio traln waa about leay- n the noxt two years at $1,97,800, ond the exponds Iiros now providud for by Jaw ut $1,474,000, whius witi feave i surplus of $409,800 Lo bo applicd to kuch special irposes us tho Qoeral Ausctnbly uny deem wisey "Hiblea npon tazation compiled by the Auditor shay hat thore wan lovied fu tlie Btato forull purposes ‘oxcopt the municipal taxes in o fow citlos iucorporuted ‘uder specinl elinrtors), in 1871, the sum of '"'"""j‘ 02,49, or 8.2 per_cent'of he valuntlon, aud tn'187), 110,711,025,40, or 2,04 per _cent, Of thoss mnouuts, o+ thiin_onoethirteently, or, to e exact, §1,600,7110.04, wus for Btao purpoaes, 4 PERMANENT OH00L-FUND, “The amount of the perinnnent schiool-find 1s put by the Auditor st $3,201,742,83—un luceeane, sinco 1871, of $139,250,62, 'Tho Blato liolds $23,030,15 of_thi fiind, 0 whilcls it pays interest at tho rate of # por cent por annu, PUBLIO LANDS, The report of tho Negistor of the Stato Laud-OMes shows #=ak thara have Logn bateuted duriug the past ing for somo point ou tho Council Blufls & St. Josop Railroad, conveylug saverul hundred roughs to witness tho fight'; thnt the two principals had gono on below in carcingen ; and fhat tho Shori® wos unwilling to tako the responslbility of following them, Gen, Laker, upon recelviug thin tologram, Mufopmed Col, Glmated thio_commander of the company, that lio was expected to oley the Sherift, which wu §5 accordanco with my orderof tho dny Lefore, But, upou reading thia dise patel, T suw tht tho niatter bid taken 8. turn uot nue ticipaied wheu Imado the order, and I, thorcfore, witliout hesitation, wroto a dispatéls tellfag Col, Oline sted + to provent tho fight witliout regard to the Shor- §I¥ or anyLody clse,” sud seut my private Scerotuty to tho telegraphofliee wits t, in order to bo sure tht it was rout without dulay. Upow Lis arziviug ot the oftico, however, ho found that the train had reached its dens tination ‘near Taiflc City, o Mills County, und. that the fight was over, The causo of tho fafluro to pre~ vent this lnwloss encountor was not fu any luck of dis- clpline, or of readiucss to oboy orders on tho purt of tho mifitary compuny, but It grow in pact out of the Slierift 'a confusion s to tho Iaw and the * overt act,” owivg to the differenca of opiniou which he lheard among lawyers, But tho ruling causo wus tho fact that Towa Lua nio Inw upon ber statute-books o prevent prize-fighting. Aud if this cxporienca results in giv- iny us u faw (hat will furaish full authorily o pre- vent tho re-ennctment of scenes of (hls claracter within the State, it will in & measuro compeumate for tho mortification foll from this unsuccessfnl uttempt 1o parform what seomed o isin duty, and (o Siuta will bo compensated for tho unavailing expense, Such o statute, owing to the nature of tho offense, should bo 1ot only puuitive, but direvtly proventivo, clothing tho anthioritich with oxtraordiunty powors, if ncceséary, for ltn enforcement, ‘ThE soitooLs, The roport of the Suporintendent of Public Instruc. tion_gives the wimber of persons within tha school ngo nt 491,314, an Incrcaso during the blonulul perlod of 20,80, TIE, RTATE UNIVERRITY, Thie fncoms for tho two yeara ending June 30, 1873, wan $123,041,20 ; which inéludes tho appropriat{ons o tho Fourteciith ' General Assembly, ‘o actual in- come from July 1 {o{u Oct, 1, 1670, was $0,458.60, and thio eatimato for tho next’ nfue raonths, which' will Lring the instilutiou to the close of anotlicr fiscal yoar, 18 825,160, Tho osects of the University aro $213,0 221,51 3 of which $202,821,53 roproscuts the working or productive capital of thoe justitutior, Tho xponses from June 21, 1871, to Oct, 1, 1873, were §103,415,03, TUE AGNOULTURAL COLLEOE, Tiifn Collego having uow graduated two classes, {lio members of Which buvo take ruuk with tho atudonts of any othior collego in tho conntry, itn charucter and its mousgement need no further indorsement in the way of theory. An nppropriation of $25,000 18 aked for to emry for- ward 8 nocessary enlargement of the institution in ordor to meot its growing wants, It seoms to me this {nststntion should bo dealt with liberally by this Gon- eral Asserably, Tho publio niud s alivo ( an unpro- cedentod degren to tho futhro of the farmer, Agricnl- turo and ita {nterests are boing pualied £0 tiw front with s vigor and veralstenco which promiso o wido und_pormabent {ncreaso In power und influonce, A tho furmor reaches out for moro riglits, tho firat con- widuration shiould be tho micans of cducating lla sous and daughters {n thoso branchies of & highor education which will preparo thom for useful xnd succeasful Hven, In Uis Viow, bo cannot afford ta neglect to foster an_iustitution which not only illwtraies tho Tecoguition due to his profession, Litt opous the way for the suns nud daughtera of agricalturiata o attend & schiool whero the best oulturo of the period 8 combinod with thoss practienl seionves eceassry 10 Jaczouso tho efiiciency of labor, w0 years ngo, s appropriation of $38,500 s mudo for the purposo of bulldiug » lahoratory tnd for other {mprovenionts at the Golluge, Unforlunately it wus futrusted to Lo custody of & Trossurer who wod n lurgo portiou of St fn his privato speculations, thus Driuging ruln upon bimself and seriously crifpling tho inatitution, Tho first iutimation 1 had of thh dos faloution was on tho I day of December, 1870 T imucdintely communicated ull the infurmation Ihad in referenco 1o it to the Board of Truatecy, then fu Lo #lon st he Qollege, From an unfortunata oversfghitin the Trusteca—which douttless grow out of tho fict . that tho Troanurer was nlso Stuto Troasurer, and thit noat of the Board woro now momliord whio, comt inta their yositious as 'Crustecs and finding him i cnatady of tho funds, doubtiess continuod him fu thy position wilhout susbieion, and probubly with tho fdea that the two offices wore fn some way connectod—it turned out that thero was no bond on filo which 1a thotight to cover any portion of the e to which tho 43, A nammitiaa defulcatinn aviend. of tua Board, | beeu veduced to voverty howovar, waro authorized to secire much ndomnity for tlio dollogo lasncn n waa thion posstble, OOLLEGE FOR TILE: ILIKD, Tho wholo nimbor of pupils fu atiendanco Is re= poried at 113, 31 having Leon admitted during tho form, Hinco tho foundation of tha institution, 260 vorsous hiave enjoyed {ta benedtn, 3 * IN THE INSTITUTION FOIL TIE DEAF AND DUMS one hundred and nineteen studenta aro enrolled, ROLDIENS' ORPIANA' HOMER, The number of children in tho homes ia 508, Of tlicke, 950 uro at Cednt Falla, 104 ci Davenport, and 98 it Gldiwood, wo years sigo, 718 chiliron’woro i the liomes ; Ao that the present report showsa decreaso of 310 {u {ho numbor present, Tho support of the homen has cost during tho yoar $146,060, DRFORM AOHOOLS, . Thoro ara niow 145 boy In tho school at Kidors, and 11 girln fn tho school at Balom, THH PENITRNTIARY OF TIIR ATATE, The number of convicta Lorno upon the hooks at 1o dato of the Warden’s report was 270; of which 213 are tSiato prisonors,” to which may Lo added 20 sont to tho additlonnl 'Pouitentiary at Atomosn, Nov. 8,171, tero vora 200 ¥ Biato yrisonern,” slowiugy when {ho jucreane {1 our populntion ia taken futo mee count, un oucoraging docroaso in crinio, MT, PLEARANT HOSPITAL FON THPE INBANE, Tho Hospital for the Insane ot Mt, Pleasant, at the closo of the bieuninl perfod, hiad 405 pationts in ita wards, Of tio number of patienta treated durlug thia time 28,16 per cent recoverad 05 per cont im= I:and,'nnl.l 27,04 per cent remalned atationary, Thoro a8 been recolyed from all sources belhufilllfl to tho current oxpouno fand, $215,703,30 ; of which thero haa ‘beon expended $220,441,25, INDRPENDENOF. HOBPITAL FOR THE INSANE. On tho 15t day of Mni‘ last tho huspital was openod for the reception of patlents, Up to tho dafo of the accompanying report of Dr, Reynolds, 178 patients lind beon receivad, and 26 dischiargod, leaving then in tho liospital 152, TIE NRW OATITOL, There las been axpended during the past two years, on thio now Capitol butlding, $134,535,28 ; tho entiro ex- pendituren upon this work, thus far, havo boen $374, 825,88, Tho ollicors could Juat ns well, and just as ju- diciously and winely, spond $400,000 n your, and thus tho soonier complola tho work aud top. thcir salarics, a8 spend $125,000, It therefora Acoma to mo, in viow of thio fact that our Treasury ia in s condition to sfford it, that it will bo truo ecouoiny to fncroaka tho Bppros priation for the work by at leant $109,000 a year, RAILROADS, On tho B1at day of Decomber, 1870, theoro wore 3,783 miles of ratlrand in tho State, Onuo JBM' later, tho amount of mileage which had beou added was 313, and st tha closo of 1872 tho whole numbor of milea was 3,048, ~ At the present it §a about 4,800, Ihave befor spoken of tho complation of a part of the Bloux Cily & Bt, Paul Rullroad, Within tho pnst two yenrs the Dur- liygton, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Ralirond Oompany hne oxteuded 1is line a0 as (o make dircet conncctions into Minucsota, and has built a branch from Cedar Tapida to Pottaville, in Allsmakeo County, thero con- necting with tho Milwaukeo & 8t, Paul, fnd_ snother from Vinton westward into Tama County, snd hias con- niruoted the Muscatine Wostorn from' Muscatiuo to the Iowa River. Tho Davenport & 8t, Paul Road s now in operation to Fayelts, The Cilcago, Olinton & Dubuque Raflrond (formerly the Dubuque, Belloyue X Bissisnippl) is in oporation’ from Cliuton’ to Du- buque, whenco tho lino a continued northward into Miunchots by tho Chicngo, Dubuque & Minncsota, _with a _branch 'np tho - Turkey River fo' Elkport, Tho Burlington & South- ‘westorn Toad hiaa bean oxtondod _through Appanooss County to Unionville, Mo. Tho Des Mofucs, Wintarset & Bouthestorn Raflrond Is consplotod from Summer- aet, on the Dos Moines, Indianola & Missonrd, to Win« torset, Tho Brownavillo & Nodaway Tond Los been Built from Villfscn to Olurinda, and tho Burilugton & Missourd from Charilon to Loon, Both of theso are operated by tho Burlington & Missourl River Ttailroud Company, ~ The Babuls, Ackloy & Dakota has boen in- falied to Marion and s pusped undor thy eonlrol of tho Weatorn Unfon Railroad Company, 'The Missourl, Towa & Nobrasks Company, bullding from Alexaudrin, Mo, on tho Mississlppl, atid cnteriug Iowa in tho southieastorn part of Appnnooso County, hns_com~ pleted it track to Centervillo. A short branch has boen bullt from Nevwton, on tlio Ghiengo, Rock Ialand & Pucifio Rallroad, s well ni ono from Toledo, ou tha Codur Rapids & Missourt Itiver Railroad, A 'rond, ) niflcs long, ina been_constriicted from Stanwood, on tho Chfcago, Towa & Nobraska, to Tiplon, in Cedar County, The nurrow guage has boen_iutroduced Into tho State, snd applied to o short rond running from ‘Benlaki Janctfon to Elkador, In Cloyton Couuty, aud it is expected that wnother road of this charactor will Fonu be bullt from Des Motues to the Northwestorn Railrond. - Inmy judgment the time has arrived when a Hmit 1o frelght charges on our Jowa raflroads shonld bLe' fixed by law, Durfug the past two years tho construc- tion of allroads i this Btato hos Iargely fallen off, 08 compared with the bicnnium immedintoly proceding § and during the year just closed euterprises of this charaater lave practically eoased. 8o long as this re- mains trup, the hops of diminishing rallway rates through tho effects of increasiug competition will Lo futilo, It is belfoved by mauy tbat tho cessation of rallway building, priorto tho recent finanein] disturhe anes, was due, 1oro than to any othier cause, to thrent- cned restrictive legislation, Aud this no doubt Is In part truo, It wouid, {horefore, scom to o to ndd foreo to the argumciits tavoring early action upon this subject, Dealdes the necossity which producers feel for legislation of this character, it I8 equally necessary o8 o lneans of restoring confidenco to capitaliata who buvo censed to invest in Western ruilway enter- vrlscs, 8o long a8 tho proposition for legisiative restriction fsa vagno and undefined threat, oapital will shriuk from taking the risk of subjecting itaolf to ‘what §t-fears may be s eapricious obullition of unrea- soniug anger ; but Tet this public sentiment once eryse tulize fulo sensible, conseryative, wholesomo Inw, abd there will bo a reaction in favor of iuvestment in Western raflways, 1t is human nature to exaggerate the effect of n blow which is threateuod by an uplifted arm, tho blow an it fulls being genorally tempered by the power which dircets it, lest the concussion be ns Mnll'loul"m thio foree that gives as to tho forco that re- colves 1t - 1 will make uo attompt to indicate tho detafls of tho Iaw required, From the consideration 1 huve given the subject, my mind hos been led to the conclusion thot a law fAxing muximum clarges, thus affording o]l]mr(nnlt{ for the effects of competition below the linit estabiisbed, {8 the truo theory of restriction, Tho railwayn of the Btato should niso be classified, 8o that those” which run through regious of country furnising & poying busluess, Loving profitable through conncetions, and which'waro th orlgivsl ro. cipients of largo subsidics, shall be fairly ro- striotod, while thoso which are poor and weuk are treatod nccordingly, If this is done there can bono com- plaiut of injustice on the part of elthor the raflways or the ilenple. How to fix tho point abovo which chirges #hall not be mado I8 the great question to be declded, While the fact remains thut rallways are dependout for lifo upon tho prosporlty of {0 countey, aud tho fature of yroduciive indistry s cqually dépoudent upon the successful managemeit of rafiways s inshort, that they aro two indepeudent interests, aide by side, which must stand or fall together, it secms to me thal 4 common ground, whero tho Interesta of both will bo secured upon the old theory of *‘live and let live,” may bo reached, and will bs Tuutuslly boncfloial, While Tallways, with foneat and fair management, should 73 faie per cout on tie real monoy tvested fn tem, t must bo borno in mind that common carrlers oxish for thiosako of {rade, and not trado for fhe sako of common earriers, I kuow that railroad men will sy that they are doing work at minimum rates now; but that such is not the case is shown by the fact that, the moment lako and caual trausport is brought in_com- {nfillnn with them, freights go' down, while as sdon na hese compoting channeis are closed rates are incroas- od, Railroad otticlals ehould nlso consider, whon they cstimato the cost of their lines, aud then plead the juse tico of u 10 por cent dividend upon theso fuvestments, that the producor should not bo required to pay fnter- estupon that portion of tho cost of Tatlwys which o publis furuished in ho way of aulmidy, Nor #hould the public be required to puy such rates as will afford proflis upon stocks that i Ao senso ropresent capital, Defore closing upon this, subject, 1 caunot but oxpress the Lope that our ruflway leglslation will bo ro wisely udjusted to”tho interests of tho various sections of the'State that capital will be encournged to carry forward projocted railroads in thoso localitiea which do not now eunjoy thelr advantages, aud are sorely in need of the faciiities they will alord, THE RIVERLAND THOUDLE, In compliance with tho authority veated in me by Oliapter 7 of the local and temporary laws of tho Fourteenth General Assembly, I sppoluted Norman 1, art, Jolin A, Hull, and Churles Aldrlch s Commisaion to exmminound roport upon ihe losscs, by reason of fatluro of titlo, of sottlers nnd clainiants upon ihe Des Molnes River lands, Theso gentlomen in duo time subiiited & cowprohensive and full report as comtemplated by Inw, At the lnst Gesalon of Congro Ul was passed nuthorizing tho Presidont to appoin n Commission to go over the entiro question and make o roport to Congress, _That Qommlssion wasappoiuted Ly tho Proeident, and have submitied their roport. tho maguitudo of tho tntorosts at slake, and tao wnc questioncd Juatice of tho causo of theso cltizens of Tows, demonid the inforforonca of tho Stato lu o logis~ lative capacity, And horo it may be woll to call attontion to the schuol River lands, ‘Theso lsnda wero o portion of the 500,000 ncres grant which were relected within the limts of tho Des Molues River grant prior to its belug reserved for the river jmptovencnt. Consequently there are ona or Lwo legal queativna reapecting tho titlo to these lands which were not cousidered or do- cided wicn tho hitlo to_tha romainder was dotormiucd an belng in the Rivor Compuuy, It seoms theieforo to me tho Stuto, ne it hea disposed of a Inrgo portiou of them to {nnocent purchasors, should sesime tho onus uud expensoof auy future Utigation ilat may orise concernipg them 3 aud, if fually benton, should make theso titles good 1 tho’ geantoca by purchiasing of tho Compuny, Al that now wuven Lheso poor settlors from belng ridely ejocted from farms upon which muny of them have u good fuith devoted lwvull‘: years of toll, aud In tho huprovemont, of which they luve spoitt 8 moderuto fortuno, 18 tho * occupylug cinim- aut" law of the Code of Iows, Tho present owners huve generally como into powscssion of theso lunds fu virtue of thelr conueotion wilh the Des Moines Rtiver CGompany, and ure as Leartless and consclonceleas o8 might bo expectad of tlie Ll of such u corporation, Thoy bave uo sympathy with tho poor, und aro cuc Tagad at auytling Which faterpouos 10 dafent or dolay the Purpflwl of tholr avarice, It {a hoped that if the Leglulntura can throw wround the soltlor any addi- tionul sufeguards Ly ufi awendmont fo our prescnt occupying clalmant Taw;'it will ba dono without hosls taucy, It las ocourred to me one umendnsent might bouindo which would give it udditlonal protective Euwnr. At prosent, when tho woltlar finds It impossi- lo o oy tho eudnious prico which tin Guipatiy a8ks for tho Junds to which Lis Inbor has givon all tho valu thoy have at all, sud ho proposcs {ogo into tho courts ta securo iay for Lia Jtuprovemunty, stiempta aro mado, and wlih too much aiiceess, to provo 1o offuola fof Tont, It1a not aifiouit to. auliniio what 1ho rent should bo for Tuw &ll’flh‘l lands, whioh bave been broken, fenced, and culflvuted’ by a sote tlor whoko title {8 “afterwards doeclarod Invalid by tho courte; und 1t 18 an_ubsurdity, which will botat puco dppureat to auy ouo who Las had tho'oxpérielco of o pioneer, for o kind-ownor of this churacter, whion ojocting &' PEG-OIPLOE OF hrolioNEr from o fafm (o which bis toit huse given all tho roal yaluo ft possosses, ovon to name tho word reut, 1f, therforo, tho Leglslaturo can’ amend the occupying clatmant’ 1aw, by providing that no offsols for runis ahould Lo aflowed, making tho 1aw rofrosolivor if at ull admisstble, it will be but an act of simplo Jutls. Cnses are arising evary day whora mion who Lavo bouglt and settlod on what tho United Htates ianile oNicera supposed to bo Govorument laud, Luve after years of toll In Uringing thelr farms dnto cullivalion, s they aro” found {0 fall within semo of | the numoraun_ grants ‘which ahingle the Weatorn Blatos aud Torritorien, ~Would it not, therofors, bo woll to petition our delegation {n Gongrosn to sdoure tho pnarage of a Vedoral luw somathing like the ono deslgned to protect ocoupging claimants in Towa? 'This would mnke it applicable, with- ont question, in the Fedoral Courts, obid o curo o benificent aw “for our wholo country. Aud in miy Judgmont, to servo tho onds of strict Justice, Congroan shouid go furtbwr oven than o give 1hio eat{lor thio boneft of ach an_ acoupying claimnnt Inw, To dotormine tho equily of lossos growing out of the nacessities of war, a Gourt of Clajts wan orgen= ized to take proofs under tho strict forma of legal ovidonco, upon which Qongress could afterwards act with full knowlodgo of all tho facts, If tho Govorna niont does this for tho cluss of semi-loyal clalmants ‘hich comoe beforo that Qommission, how muol more docs it Lelioove Congress . to organizo s eimélar tribu. sl beforo which the olsima of Lo poor pre-omplar or posseasor of o iomoatead, who perhapa lins sorved in tho armies of hin country'in the hour of ita poril, mny presont the proof of his' complianco with law nid {ho 00d faith of hia settioment, when, without auy fault of hils own, ho hins fallen willin tho boundarics of a laud-grant, By this moans the Governmont could bo farnished with oil tho facts in the caso and learn Lho sntount for which ho ia entitied to rolmbursoment, OUNTIES AND OITIES, Tho Bupromo Court has reoently declded that taxes to puy Judgments founded upon warranta for ordiuary county expenditurce cannot bo lovied =0 a8 to incrense the county tax beyoud the maximum fixed by law for such expenditures, In the correctness of this legal detormiuation tho pooplo will gonerally acquiesco, Tho objuct of the law, {n fixing a rate of taxatlon bo~ yond which tho county authioritios may not go, is ovi- ently to limit cxpenditures to ntiamount squal o tho roceeds of auch taxation,. Somo of our countles, owever, aud 1 may ndd citics, townw, and schools districta'nlso, I Tegrot to say, soom to LYo 1o regard intheir outlhy to thjs limituhion, but contract debts and {ssuo warrauts with reckloss prodigality, That tliese warranta may and do pass into innocent hands, notwithalandivg tholr unnegaliablo character, ia woll known; nnd, as, when fssucd in such largo quintlifes, they becomo 'mearly if not quite uncollecinblo, ticy | bring upon “tho counties tho churgo of ropudiation, which measirably attaches to the whole State. I aubmit thon to the Generul Asapmbly whether it would not bo waell to placo o positive’ limit upon the ‘expenditurcs any lacal Board may incur, which will bear some relation to the limit already sof to tholr respective reveuucs; and to make oflicera ]mclm(nrflyl able who transcend their lawful suthovity n contracting municipal debts, I would further sug- gost that oll Isswes of bonds of countios, cities, and Achool-districts bo submitted boforo fesuance fo the scrutiny of somo Btato ofticer, who should bo empow- ored and required to saceriain whether thoy in all reapects conform to tho law, and whose certificate to that effect, excouted upon tuch bonds, would bo es- sentlal to thefr valldity, BUFFERING IN TRE NORTIWEST, During the last two years thoro has been s constant sticam of fmigeation pouring fito the counties in tho northiweatorn portion of tho Slate. So rapid has Deon thi influz, thot tho counties whoro threo years ago thero was acarcely s luman Lubitation therd sro to-dny from 2,000 to 9,000 fnhabitants, When it Is con< sidercd thut ‘s Inrge proportion of thoso settlers went into this country with vory limited means, in ordor to takeadvantage of the Homestead law,nnd that under tho moat fuvorablo elroumetancea they inust havo undor- gono Rovero doprivations and hordahips, it 16 scarcely & matter of surpriso that, whon thero 18 addod 1o theso facta nn unusual shorluiess of crops, ‘thero stiould Lo great want aud distress, Thers was & general bellof, ‘when {hese peoplo seitlod iu tlicso sparscly timbered countien, that the McGregor & Stoux City Railway woulil be complaled fn the year 1873, or at tho fartlost in 1870, This Lias been dolayed, from causes boyond tho control of the mcitlers, rendering it much more dimeult aud expensive to procure fuel than they hiad reason to oxpect, This, combined with tho otber causes of deatitution meutioned above, has made tho «¢ane of theso pooplo one of oxtrome bardship, Inn country overflawing with _ngriouitural prodiicts it would bo n slame to allow nuy of our eltizens who, fram lacal or tomporary causcu binvo bean brouglit g ‘want, to suffer for the ‘necessaries of life. Would it not b woll for the Genoral Assembly to appointn committes from ita own body to inquiro Into tho renl condition and_needs of theso peoplo, and, if found nocesanry, to deving aud presont to you for consider- ation sowno practical mode of reler 7 Cxnua C, CARPENTER, T e i GENERAL NEWS ITEMS. Rabbits are being caught in Oulifornin to be sehlppcd to Japan, whero choice pairs* commuand 000, ~—'The World Almandc for 1874 contalusnlnrge nmount of political, statistionl, and other val- nablo information, for a cup{ of which wo aro under obligations to tho publishors. ~—A woll-dressed, able-bodied man astonished peoplo in_ Stato atrcet, Boston, on New Yenr's doy by walking up and down with a Jargo placard on hig lat benring tho inscription, * I want work,” —Tho 8wedish colonfes in Maino have proved Ao profitable to tho colonists, a4 woll as to tho Stato, that tho Immigration Commission thinks itno fiongur necessary Lo expend money to bring more of thom over. In New Sweden thero are 600 colonists, who hava taken up 20,000 acres of ignd, 1,600 of which have boon clenred. —A. 'firo insuranco agont of Graud Rapids, Mich., hns mnde an catimato of the loss by fire in that city during tho year 1878, Ho fools up tho total,” 9413,000, and tho iotal insurance, £182,000. Over throo-fourtlis of the total losses wero by tho gront fire of July 16, Tha five blocks dusolated by thas conflagration are now uearly all rebuilt with o much botter olass of buildings than thoso that wore destroyed. —The two mile tuunel on the line batweon Merthyr-Tydvil & Abordare, in Wales, reported by eablo to havae fallen, was on tho line betweon Merthyr-dydvil and Bwansea, and was principal- ly uged for coal and iron traflio, being off the groat routes of tinvel, ‘Tho line passes through & vory mountainous country, rich in coal and minerals, aud full of mines, —i1n Boston a joint-stock company will bo es- tablishod, provided tho Logiulature grauts s chiartor, for the purpose of gusrantecing tho pecunisry rospousibility and honosty of porsons ocoupylug positious of trast. Bhouid the entor- prive Bucceed, it will bo & gront roliof to gontlo- mon of proporty who are bored to hecome bonds- m&u, vx’md Wwho #uy “Yos" when thoy should say “ 0. —The women in Fredonis, N. Y., are pgiving tho grog-morchants no penco. They visit in forco tho templos of Bacchus, and read o thrill- ing protest aguinst his business to each proprie- tor, They then siug a hymu, and ono of thom offers prayors. If the man promiues 10 give up Lis businoss, and keops his promise, ho is left in peace; othorwise there is anothor of these mornl visita the voryuext day. One day the procession was 127 strong: Thus far only one spintuous man bas been conquored. ~That manufaotiving paysis illustrated Ly tho dividonds just declared Ly Incorporated com- panics in ‘iftin, Olio, tho prosont waook. Tho TiMn Btove Iactory declares 15 por cout ; the Tinin Agricultural Works 18 per cont ; the Tiflin Woolen 8lills 18 por cent, Tho two large shoo- faclories recently orgunized are in a prosporous condition. ~—The old county court-house at Lonos, Mass., wasa dedicated last week ag tho Charles SBodgwick Memorial Hall, Tho conrt-housa was purchased by the Into Mrs, Schormerhorn for tho purposo to which it is now dodicated, and although she died boforo the property was legally transforred to thio trustees, Who were to hold it for the town, ber bioirs havo faithfully carried out her wishos, exponding ovor 4,000 iu romodoling aud boauti: fying tho building, —1he Roudout (N. Y.) Freeman is suthority for tho statomont that one night latoly, ot o meoting in the town of Olive, one of the *sig- tors” roso and atnted that she had agroat burden on her mind, which shoe thought would be mens- urably relioved if she might w.burden horself 1n the prosonce of hor fellow church-mombers, To relievo her distrous thoy consented to share her sorrowful burden, After much solicitation she said it was hard to tell, but she had scen “ Brother B— kiaalnfi and hugging Bistor F— in tho bullway, and I dow't think it'sright, that's what I don't ; now thero,"” T'hoso romarks wro followod by silonco for about tho #paco of quito & spell, aud the subsequont exorolses woro vory briof. 4 —Tho Doston Commercial Bulletin says that ono of Clatlin's lato 38,000 clocks began Jan. 1, 1874, in Boston, ot &3,000. Oue of Btawart's oid $3,000 clerks doubled bis ‘sulary in o Doston houso this yoar. A bLid by a New York Louse witin 520,000 salary for & closk-buyer in n Doston house conldn’é towoh him, An old Boston dry-goods employe has just gone abroad os a buyer for a New York house av 536,000 a yoar oud exponses, A Now York firm is to-day trying to tompt o Boston cottou-goods salesmnn into its employ at a salary of 315,000, A-worstod- goods clork in Now York, at 7,000, is auxious to got baok to tho fold snd his old empluyors in Bostow, for $3,200 a yoar. — Tiottros & uno }m:nmlllo" coutaing lotters addressed by Merimeo to # lady whoso namo is not given, Tho book Is in French, and {s pub- lished by tho Mossrs, Dulau. It cortainly shonld uot be in Buglish, suys the Now York Post, so numerous uud so polited are many of the thingy snid sbout living Loglishmen, "Morimeo had been to spend throo duys at Mr, Gladstone's, and thus records his honest improssions, Mr, Glad- stouo Lo thinks “in somo wuys » man of gonlus, in othors & cbild.” Ifo has In him “tho ohild) tho statesman, sud the fou." *‘Ho hns ntubis houso," continuea Morimoe, *five or six and they have prayers overy morning," —Wa shall bo made happy if & logal procodant can bo established whoroby barbers cuu be hold to tholr instructions, If hnir-drossor may be muleted in damages for taling off four inches whou ho 18 told to take two, or for takilig off the skin when the roquest of the patron rolatod only to tho beard, or for smearing the hosd with un- kuown compounds of groase sud aromatio lquids, in spito of holpiess protosts, thosa bar- barous manipulntors of the human bend may ba winde moroe cuutious in their oporations. 'Lheso remurks oro uufi?ourd by the roport, in tho English papors, that a lady’in Olnu¥ow had sued o hair-drossor for €60 for cuttmg her hair too short, We shall wait with considerablo intorest tho detormination of the suit, persons, THE PLOW-MAKERS. Yiows of Deoro & Co., of Molino, on tho Rosolutions of the State Grange, The Question of Middlemen. Tho Plow-Makers Intend to Ad- here to the Agency System. Their Reasons for Doing So. Correapondence of The Chicano Tribune, Motawe, I, Jan, 12, 1674, Theo action of tho Illinols 8tate Grange of tho Patrons of Husbandry, in denouncing the lead- Ing plow and onltivator manufacturern for thelr rofueal to soll goods to tho Patrons direct nt wholosalo rates, and demanding thonén-purchase of thoirimploments, lina boon followed by similar action on tho part of many subordinate Granges; and, In somo inatancos, Grangors have advanced money without interest to ncoedy mochnnics for the purposo of establishing small shops which shiould manufncture plows and sell thom to the farmors at o small percontage above cost. Tho plow-makors lavo beon very genorally blamed for {hoir oxpressed detormu-~ nation to conduct thoir businoss, a8 horotofore, through local agents of their own apholntment, instend of moating tho movement for tho abolition of middlomon lalf-way; The speeches and resolutions of tho farmers have beon freoly and fully published in 'Xue TRIBUNE ; and, bolloving that & Learing was not only duo tho manufacturors, but would bo of interost gnd valuo as prescnting the othor sldo of tho ques- tion, aud theroby aid Lo & solution, which must Lo alike desired by both parties, your corre- spoudent, under instructions, called upon Mr, Charles 1L Deers, of DEERE & €0.'8 PLOW-ORKS, an cstnblishment founded in 1847, and the most txtonsive, as'#ell a8 tho oldest, in tho Btate. Mr. Docre was quits free in communicating bis views, and tho following is tho subatance of the convorsation which took placo ¢ Teporter—Nr. Dacro, what efTect do you think tho organization of the Patrons of Husbandry will have upon your businoss ? Mr. Deore—Farmers cannot advance their own intorosts without benefiting ua corrospondingly. Orders are comiug in vory froely from our agents in all parts of tho coanntry, nnd, although wo moy not mako quito ‘as many plowa and culti~ vators this vear as we did last, the diminution is fnh'l{ attributablo to cloror times, and not to any unfriendly fecling of the farming inierest to- ward our works. R.—You aro -inclined, thon, to approvo the 6 movement ? lightly directod, much good will grow out of it. \Yso think, howevor, that the farmors bove thus far overlooked *the importanco of tho cash-syatem, ahd the benefits of tmore diversified and concentrated products, For soveral yeuts previous to the prosent, there hus boen an OVER-PROBUCTION OF GRATN 3 ricos have sunk below tho aclual cost of raising t ; and, in the offort to reach a foroign matket, freights have been largely incrensed. The forttlo soils and labor-gnving machinery of the preseut ago onablo the Amorican agriculturist to_keop under cultivation an immense area of lang with a comparatively sparso population § and, with chieap rail and ocenn trapuportation,—tho grent necessity of the pregent time,—they can supply lhf markots of tho world with profic to them- selves, R.~The farmers have other cnusecs of com- laint. Thoro aré many und serious avils boside ow prices for grain aud oxtortionate rates of transportation, 5 Mr, D.—You will find that tho othor evils ‘which you alludo to grow ous of the crodit sys- tém, tho abuse of which has {nvolved not only farmers, but others, beyond their presont ability | to oxtricato theémeolves. In tho long period of progperity which wo havo lately passed through, manufacturing, ns woll as farming, shulated boyond legithnate demand ; and the grent compotition and anxiety to sell linve led Lo lengtboned credits, by which the farmer bog beon involved in dobt for mucn that he could more profitably havo got along without. Theadop- tion of tho cash-systom will check tha extrava- gonco induced by long credits, and inculeato cconomy in tha puichaso of implements, a8 well s cheapen prices, Greater care will be token, and, iustoad of the damage to farm- machinery by exposuro ‘whon not in actual uso,—which is now estimated to bo greator than tho wear, ontalling an actunl loss to Westorn farmers of millions yearly,—we shall see theso articles kopt in good order and {u‘upurly housed. I..—The Grangors scem to think thero aro too many nou-producers futtening upon their sub- stauco, Do you think the % COMPLAINT AGAINST MIDDLEMED is woll-founded ? - Mr, D.—Lhore_aro many legitimate cauges of compluiut, growing, as far s our busincss is concorned, In thero' being too mauy dealors in agricuitural imoplemonts in a place, Unduo elforts aro mado to overload the purchasers, in- volving an unhealthy and uusafo crodit-sys- tom. ~This is not an_evil of monopoly. but of competition, and will rogulate itself in time, The presont faotorios are all that aro ro- quired to furnieh the Wast with plows for many vears 3 and the dilliculties in tho way of any now ones aro 8o mauifest that tho proverbial timidity of capital will provent their establishment until tho growth and dovelopment of the country will agsure their finnncial success, R.—Could not manufacturors reduco tho num- ber of agents, and render busincss bealthler in each town by agreeing upon a fair diyision of territory ? Ar. D.—That would be monopoly instead of compotition, and monopoly in its mast offensive form. 1t would be an attempt toanake a farmer buy ono brand of plows in oo county, and an- othor brand in another county. - Its offect would Lo somothing like asking _a lady to Dbny ealico in a atore whora they.only keop ono pattern ; they would tiansfer their patronage to somo other point, oven if to do g0 iuvolved considorablo expense. R.—Do you not think the farmors will succeed in their efforts to disponse with the services of middlemen, especially those haudling agrioul- tural machinory ? Mr. D,—They ennnot succeed, for one very good renson : when thoy have thoroughly ox- smined into tho matter, thoy will be satisfled that they cannot improve upon THE NATURAL LAWE OF TRADE, All the leading plow-manufacturers nro of my opinion, and linve frankly exprossed it in their rosolution to continuo to do business in the old and ouly eafo way, One of tho most prominent Patrons in Iown told us quito rocently that his organization was yob in its infancy, aud that it would bo veurs” beforo its oflicors could 8ay to manufacturors, ** Wo will take tho pro- duct of your shops and distribute them to tho farmors” moro to their ' sntisfaction than 18 now. done by doealors.”” Middlemon apposr to have beon the outgrowth of necessity, aud have taken tholr position, If not on tho invitation, cortainly with tho encouragemont, of farmers, ‘I'hey continue to bo patronized by a large majority of farmers, who profor to mako thoir- deleotiona rom stooks kopt on hand for thoir ntSbmmoda- tion, just when thoy have noed of a particular implemont, and who flad it very haudy, in case of breakage, to go to tho same middlemen and got the nedossary ropairs at o sum slmost nomi- nal fu comparison to what thay wonld cost in loss of timo during tho vitsl sossons of plowing, sowing, and harvosting, and charges for expross- sgo, 1f they had to soud hundreds of miles to tho factory for the ucedod.part. Mid- dlomen hiave boou of groat ueo to farmors in the past, and the timo has uot como to dispenso with thoir sorvicos to any advantage. Whon the poor emigrant has sccured a homostend, and, Wit the last vostige of his moans, hus put up o little uh:ng‘ Lho fluds that he needs implomonts to thil tho #oil, Tlo goos to tho middloman, tells Liim ho hos nothing loft, and _aske to ba trusted for tho thiugs which are indlspousable to his sucooss, 'Llio middloman has contidenco in his honesty, and —1ii GIVES I3 OREDIT, and, with it, o substantis! start In_lite, Tha middleman ordinarily has his raward, and is sat- iatled ; but no manufacturing establishment or orgauization of farmors would take his xisk, T'ho poor ronll4o how indispensable ho {s, TL.—DBut would not your business bo na eatis- faotorily conductod if you wers to soll to the purchasiug agonts of "Olubs or Grangos as to Your own ngonts 7 Mr, D,—We do uot think so, Demandas of this kind nro no now thing with us, Durlug tho lnst yoar wo have had on an avorago, half-a dozon applications daily, and, in all loonlition whora we had not -lremiy mado arrangements, wo offerad to furnish thom in largo lots at wholo- anla rates, *And vut an ancount of largo froights has boen' on hundred-pound lots, and other causos, they almont inivariably bouglit of agonts,—proferning to give them a fair profit for tho privilogo of se- locting thoir plows, We had many sapplications and “Inquiries tho proceding” yonr also, ‘T'horo socomed to bo & want of organlzation and barmony among the farmers, and in no instanco, a8 wa remembor, aould a satislactory arrangomont be mado. The offort on thelr part bhaa scomed, on the whole, to ho more for tho purposa of obtaining our wholesalo rates, and snlisfying themselves that they wero not paying our nfimnu' 81 unroasonable price, than to buy direot] §nt tho factory, R.—You suroly cannot complain of a want of organization now ? Ir. D.—But the samo want of harmony ox- iats, and ulwl{)n will* while mon's tastos aud no- tions differ, Ono of the ndvautages of solllng to our own agonts I8 that we can BHIP IN OAR-LOAD LOTS, thoreby enaving a |IBIIV{‘ porconthge in froight chinrgos, whilo to soll to tho ‘Granges would Ym- IZ tho highor transportation-rates of broken lota. R.—Dut conld you not ship a car-load to:n Grango_ngant P i Mr, D.—A car containa 160 plows or 100 cul- tivators, Thoro aro twenty-five principnl plow- shops ongaged in supplying tho Wost; aud, with #0 many differont males of ‘fmplentonts, it would bo impossible to find, in the territory of any one purchasing agont, tho roquisito number of farmors who sould unite at oucoupon an ordor for any singlo mako of plowa, And, ovon if it wore possible, those Grango sgonts could not obtain thoir ordors aud notify us fu time to got tho gaods {nto tholr hnuds for the Sueons EoneON's uso. R.~Your anmtn caf always'do this ? Mr. D.—A largo number of our agoenis have boon haudling our plows from five to fifteon yeard, Thoy can loll what thoy require In ad- vanco for the comjng soason’s buaincas, Thoy . PAY PROMPILY, and thoir papor is na good na that of any class of morchants, They look closely aftor the auccoss of qur plowa ; and, it they mako any bad dobts suffor the losa thomsoelves, I, —What objeotion would thore be to doclar- ing virtual froo {rade in plows,—kolling to suy n:::l& L\?very merchant who would pay for hiy ordor Mr. D.—Our business, and that of othor large Elnw-!nulm‘lus, bhs boon * built up entiroly )y the. sgoncy-syastom, Thosa agoncios oxtond all" over tho Woetern Biates aud Torritorics, aud reach oastward beyond the Alloghienies, By this ssatom wo haye beon ablo o place plows and cultivators In the hands of farmers at lowor pricos ihan wo could in any other manner, though our facilities for doin; work well and_choaply, and lower than looal shops con supply them. Our caso is not dis- slmilar to that of Tus TnipunE, which, by rea- son of oxtended patronago and the best facilitios which n Iargo onpital commands, can furnish an amount of roading matter in oach issuo which would hnnkmgt & country publisher to attempt at doublo the subseription-price.’ Our busi- noss has beon oxtended to much larger proportions than would bo possible if wo dealt with parties who would be priyileged to soll othor, and ofton inferlor, goods with ours, UNDER OUR BYSTEN, adealer hng the exclusive salo of ono make of lm(;flsmoutu in his locality. This afTords great inducement for him to pueh the one partioular braud, If overy dealor lind an sssortmout, sny plows from o dozon difforent factories, he would bo indifforont s to which was chosen by a._ous- tomor, or tho #atisfaction given, If he had auy choice at all, it would be in favor of an Inforior plmv. because he wonld make more money on it. Tho snme feoling might influonce the purclinsing agent of & Grange, if tho body wore unfortunato euough to seleet &n unprincipled man for the position. Our sgents are pecuninrily intorestod In giving eatisfaction. Thoy polut dofeots out to uy, ond mako suggestiona for improvements de- signed to Lotter adapt tho plows to the soil of thelr locality. R.—You have a fited prica which obtains wharevet your plows ore sold ? Mr. D.—We havo & list-price, which is the maximum doalers are allowod to charge, It af- fords thom a fair componsation for handling goods, ana allows them to doduct a porcontage Whon tley think it to their advantaga to do so. No restraint is placed upon thum in this respoct. Thay are at liborty to sall plows aa choeaply as thoy dosire or can afford to. ff there were no maximum limit, extortiouate oharges might be made in isolated localitios, I.—You are of;the opinion that your business c?ulnl?nat b succossfully conducted on any other plan Mr. D.—We could not conduct an _extonsivo business without agenta; and we are fully.satis- tied that, undor our prosent systom, wWo can piaco goods in'the bands of farmers AT A ONEATER RATE, % and in & moro satistactory mauner, than by. dny othor plan yet offored. In no othior way could we got our orders thres or fouy months in_ ad- vance, ouabling us to Iny in stock and mako a close caleulation of the demand for the coming season. Our busiest timo is during the winter- months; and without the calculations of our ngents, Tasod'on tho knowledge which they pos- sesg of thelr local trade, wo should hinve to ox- crciso gront caution durh)5 tho winter, and a ) ieavy epring domaud would find ue unprepared to meat it. 1.—You nsserted, I beliove, that you'could placo plows +iu the bands of farmors through {our agonts, anywhore from the Atlautio to the Pacifle, at lower ratos than amall local shops can supply them, IIave you any evidonce to offor on this point? 3 Ar. D.—The vor{_!ut that_wo soud plowa to rogulnr agouts in tho most distant’parts of tho country is suilicient evidenco, . Our TUBINESS JAS INCREASED from year to year, while the small local shops, withou the advantages of accumulated capital, porfocting mackinery, ekilld workmon, and ox” porionce, can umucnly wmaintain an oxistence, f plow-mannfacturing on a amall sosle wore ‘profitable business, would not all present shops thrivo and now ones spring up in ovory town ? ‘Tho truth is, that. wore it not for the large fac- touies, plowa wauld bo 20 per eent highor thanthoy n2e ut present, aud the large factorios are only possiblo through this agenoy-systom. We find in our correspondenco miany farmers who agreo witlLus, and frooly oxpross the opinion that it is impossiblo to Instltute o bottor systom than the present, and, until Letter gystom is furninhed, the old one muat bo adhered "to, ‘Lo intorests of farmors, middlomon, and manufacturers are licked togothor, and thoro is a mutual depond- euce ono upon tho other, The middlemen como in direct contact with_farmors, loarn thelr ideas ond the waats of their loculity, and introduce to their notice now and useful improvemonts, Dy this intor-communication, and oxperimont- ing upon aud testing mow dovi- ces, thoy have aided manufacturors in bringing farm-machinery up to the highost standard of excellence, In'my opinion, middle- men have not outgrown their usefulness, Thoy will contlnue to bo & ncceseily in future as in past agos, R.—Can you offor no particular inducoments to Clubs or Granges desiring to buy in quantity ? r. D.—We can and will place goods in tho hands of farmers who will club together and order largo lolg, for cash, through our local agonts, authorized to transnct the businous, at rates that will compote with any establishmont in the country, small or large, and give thom an article that can be dopended upon. They can obtain A8 FAVORADLE BATES. in this mannor in their own locality as It would bo possiblo for them to do were wo to fill their ordors dircat from the factory, In fwithor conyersation with Mr. Deere, your correspondont2ascortained that the works bad mahufnctured 60,000 plows and cultivators last {unr; and, while the demand was a triflo lightor liis season, the Company was ruuning its full forco of employos nine hours per day, and tho orders recotvod of Iate justified an inoroase of tho duily hours of work with tho proseat wook, Bubsoquontly converantions wore hotd with roprasentativos of the Molino Plow Company, of thia city, and B. D. Buford & Co., of Rook Island; but, as'tho above embodies their viaws, it is un~ necessary to go fnto furthor detail. This con- ‘versation shows that the plow-makera have not assumed their prosout position without duo ro- floction, and_that, in their estimation, any other courso would have boon suicidal, Action of tho Sherwood Farmors? o CInb. Cnopsey, SicLoan o, Til,, Jan, 12, 1874, T the Editor of Tha Chicago Tribruno; 81 : The fallowing rosolution hsbeen adopt- od by the Blierwood Farmers' Club1 Witknmas, Cortaln manufacturors of farming fmplo- meuts did, In_ couvoution at_Ghicago, * seaolye that thoy would sell no plows to Farmers® Olubs or Grauges wxcopt at rotadl priova ;" thorofore, ; wood Karuiers' Club, That wo Rewolved, by the Shi wrill buiy 10 plows of sald maaufacturers uuti thoy will sell to us direct at wholenalo prices, Geonak It, Buck, Iresldeut, 8, I' ToweLr, Scorcary, —Tho lease of the Vormont & Massachusotis Rallroad for 008 yours, by tho Fitchburg Rall- rond Campany, was ratifiad by the stockholders of the formor yestorday, in spite of tho vigorous opposition of & fow persons, This places undor tho coutrol of the Fitchburg Company a con- tinuous line of railroad almast to the vey mouth of Hooang Tunnel, and enables it to go bofore tho Legislaturo to seok the coutrol of that im- portant liuk in the communioation to tho Wost ‘with vary strong olalms,—Hoston Globs, THE ANDERSON (IND.) TRAGEDY, The Killing of Col. Stllwell by Mr. Corwin, The Circumstancos Which Lod to the Homicide, k9 Anderson, Ind, (Jan, u), Correspondencaaf the Indfan. - apolia Journat, Whon tho pania struck the country, the Firak National Bank of Andorson [of whioki Col. Biile woll was Prosident), )ike ull athor similar Institue tions, folt the pragiuro, and owing to a run upon it, which continued for soyeral wooks, was finnle 1y obliged to suceumb, and on the 1bth of No- vembor, Saturday, . 5 THE DOORS WENE_GLOSED, - On tho 17th, the Hon, M, L. Bundy, National Bank Exdminor, took pososslon, .aud shortly nftorwards, by o petition of a mnajority of tha dopositors, Mr, Thomas McOullough, of Oxford, Ollo, an unclo of Mr. Btliwell's by marriago, was n{:polntnd Racoiver, A statomont of the conditlon of tha bank war called for the 12tk of Susfl.umbnr. by the Com trollor of Currency, and 1t was published shor! altorwards, showing tho nssots of tho hun{ to bo nbont $223,000. After tho susponsion, anothor " atatowont was publishod, _whick showad tho nssota to be somo $50,000 or §00,00¢ loss than on tho 13th of Beptembor, This Iatlot statemont includod 890,000 of Venczuolan bondt not shown fu the formor, but it is statod that the amount wns crodited to “ bills recotvablo” in tho first statomont. ‘Mhia diseroponey and groonl deprecintion i tho amount of.the bank's assots otoated suspicion, and some of the deposicors, of whom the bank had 143 at thoe dato of sus. ponsion, beoamo oxceedingly indignaut, and oponly chargad fraud in tho managoment of the bank; that Stilwoll had overdrawn his acoount, oo, Of courso thig camo to tho oars of the QGrahd Jury, whon that body mot last weol, and ;ntllx‘wnnugnzlon was cotmmnoenced, 'Llils resulted n the ¥INDING OF TWO INDIGINENTS, one_against Col, Btilwoll, as Prosident -of the bank, nud _another nFniunt Altred B, Klino ag Cashlor, Gol, Builwall” is olinrgod, undor tho Nor tiounl Bank Inw of 1805, with embozzling thy funds of tho banlk and thosedoposited with it foy safo keoping. An sliown on the back of the indictment, i was roturned into opon court Jan. 8, but no ar roat was mado until Saturday, the 10th, Judg Oravens, the presiding Judge, renlizing tho facl that nothing but a nominnl bond was hocussnr for Mr. Btilwell's appehraunce, fixed it at $1,000 but aftorwards raised it to 310,000 at tho In stance of tho defendant himsolf, Bail wa ¥mmyuv given,with Rithard Lako, W, It. Plotca J. M. Dickuon, and Lee AL Troos ns suroty On Bundey morning Col. Btilwell went to iy country to visit a friend, but oxpected to roturs to-day. OnThursdey night, NE, w 3N, KLINE, tho Cashior of the bank, who has beon doing nothing einco_tho shsponston, startod to visi: two sisters in Bouthorn Indiana, near Cincinnatf, not havivg the romotest aufl)ielmx that an indict mont against him was undor cousidoration by {ho Grand Jury, In fact, tho indictment was ro- turnod the day ho'lofts but tho first ho know of 1t was yosterday morming, when he saw In s Oin. clonati. vnrm‘ o statement to tho effect that Col. Btilwell had been arrested for embezzle mont, aud thint ho had only cscapod arrost by floning the country. Immedintoly on sooiug thie statoment ho took tho train for Andoraon, arriv. ing here at 1 o'clack this morning. Tho indick mont against Mr., Kline charges him with knoyw- ingand pormitting tho ombozzlement by Col Stilwell, the law holding such an ofticial aquall; Eullty with the other, At noon to-day he won ofore Judge Oravons, and gave bail In the sun of $10,000, with Leo M, Trees, Goorgo Klino and Edward ondorson as surotics, TIE TROUDLE DETWESN CORWIN AND BTILWELL 1In 1805, Thomas N, and Jacou G. tilwoll, they engagod in bnu!du{;, gave tholr recaipt to Allol Malaopenco, then the wealtlnest residont of thy county, for $14,000 in 7-30 bonds, said to Lo do posited with them for safe keoj This_wa an arrangemont not at all ereditablo to eithe party, a8 it is understood the $14,000 was ft greonbacks, and not in bonds, the receipt fo! them boing given in that form for the purpos of allowing Makepeaco to evade taxation or that portion of his woalth, Mr. Corwin formerly s rosident of Indianapolls, - mar ried o doughtor of Mr. Makeneaco, ané on the Intter’s death, which occurred some twe ostute, and has since maunged Lately ha hay suod to recover £20,000 on this roceipt, the 86,000 ovor and ubovs tha originnl deposit being claimed a8 iuterest. Col. Btilwoll denios the claim, satting up thnt the bonds in fact were never deposited, and that the currency war drawn long ago. ' Tho ¢aso will como up for tria] at this term of tho court, nnd opinion is divided s to the issue. 'The report that Mr. Corwin wai instrumontat in securing the indictmont agains! the Colonol is doniod by thoso boat able to know, a8 is also tho report that ho used impropor influ- oncos to movae the jury. 'Fho friends of the banl aagort, howovor, that tho loss of confidenco in it iutegrity, which led ultimately to closing it doors, i8 dus to Mr. Corwin's influonce, but tha' must bo takon with duo allowancs for tha somo. what excited state of mind under which thoy are now laboring. LATER—THE RILLING OF COL. STILWELL, Whon the above was written, tho writor little droamced of the traglo denouement which was e soon to como. As was stated, Col. Stilwoll haé beon in_the conntry eoveral miles, visiting a Iripnd, Don, Sobrel. In company with that gon- tleman, ho started for town about noon, arriving in Andorson before 4 o'clock. ‘Thoy stopped at o barber-shop, Mr. Sobrel wanting to got shaved, when they mot Mr. Jonos, ex-Mayor of the city, Mr, Bobrol evidently realized the danger of al- lowing Col, Stilwell to meot Mr. Corwin m hit prosont cendition, knowing that he was under the impresxion-that Corwin was instramontal in procuring the indictmeunt against him, and ros quosted Stilwell not to leavo tho barber-shop nn- til he (Scbrol) had been shaved. This the Col- onel promised to do, and sab down with MMr, Jones, The latter gentleman soon loft the shop, and tho Colonel imuediatel; followod. Ilo wenl atraight home, however, whore your correspon. dent had another Interview with him, The Col- onel bad juse read the Indianapolis papers, and was ‘inclined to convorso on tho subjoct. The convereation tuened upon tho indictmont, whick Lo had not seen, and Lie denounced as OUTRAGEOUS AKD RIDICULOUS the chinrges contnined in the dacument. Tle ealé the bauk soldom or never had 20,000 in ite vaults, and certaiuly never §10,000, as ko it chargod with taking on the 10th of January, He waa somewhat exeited in talking of this mattor, hut otherwiso appearod as the writer had ofton mot him under ordinary circumstances, Ho sald the liabilities of tho bank woro amply proyideé for by $196,000 of assots which he had placod with " the ltecolver. To cover his personal in debteducas he had also nssignad to Mr, MeOul lough proporty valued at 938,000, The Colono sm(f that, after the affairs of tho bank wore al sottlod and Lis pordonal obligations entisfied, hu would possess from §125,000 to 8150,000, H¢ seomed uttorly amazed at tho charges contained 1 the indictmeut, and said that he had not drawn 910,000 from tho bank during the yoar, Ho talkod froely, but on no other topic save tha indictmont, 3 Your correspondont aroso to loave in company. with Mr, Treos, when Col. Btillwell suddonly aus nounced his dotermiuntion of gaing, up town. Ho had boon sitng with his avercdut on, bit pantaloons tucked in his boots, and a pair of aretios on, but unbuokled, His danghtor handed bim his bat, and his wifo asked lum. if ha wouldn't take off Ins arctics, as thoy rattled so. Ho aoswored '*No,” and started out of tho uouso. Hia daughior asked him if hosntonded to roturn for diuner, to wluch he answored, as ho wont out of the door, *I don't know." From thio converantion which had just closed, his fam- ily and thioso presont wore ndor tho improssion that ho waa goiug to tho Clork's oflice to read tha indictmont. "As ho crossod tho stroot o was seou Lo TARE T8 NEVOLVER from hia hip-pockot and placo it in his outside overcont pocket, Mr. Treos remarked: * Ny God! ho is going over to shoot Corwin; that's what his fri unrfis have boon afraid of ever sinca his first diMoulty with Corwin." Mr, Corwin's ofiico {8 situatod Imwmodiatoly ncross from, and north of the publio square, and just around tho cornor from Stilwoll's rosidenco, iu s building formorly occupiod as & bank by Neil McCul- igh. Tough ol walliod 1n & rapld and doterminod mannor to tho dvor of tho room, then stopped for & momont, thon walked & few steps past, He again stopped, and returncd to the door, which o entored aud closed aftor him. Almost imwme- diately . TITE REPORT OF A AIOT was leard, followed, afier an inatant's delay, by two others, A geutloman standing in the utreos, a fow rods distant, enids ** Woll, ha has done it,” TFor a fow minutes no one was attracted to the spat, and thon as the nows of the awful tragody sproad, an immonse 00nCoNrEc of itizons gathore od arouud, Oourt was in sossion just aordss the streat, and tho room waa spocdily auptiod of its bundred or two apootators, no one but tho Judge, jury, counsel, parties to sujt, wituasses, snd oulcora of tho court rowalningd"A briet dos yenrs since, was appointed administrator of hit '