Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 11, 1874, Page 8

e e s = TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE TZBMB OF SUBSCRIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVANCE). Daily, by madl, Tri-Weekly.. Parie of 2 resr at the same rate. To provent delay acd mistakes, be sars and give Post Of coaddress in fall, includicg State end County. Remuittances may bomade eitber by draft, express, Post Offce oider, or it ye sistered letters, at ourrisk. TEDAS TO CITY SUNSCRINENS. Defly, delizered, Sundns excentea. S5 ceate per week. Detly, aelisered, Sunday included, 0 conts per weoks Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, and Doarbora-sis.. Uhicago, IIL. TO-MCRRCW’'S AMUSEMENTS. M'VICKER'S THEATRE-Madison streot, hetween Doarburn and | State. Hozagoment of the Strakosch Uperz-Troapo. ** L o. jucia di Lammormoor." ACADEMY OF MUSIC--Halsted streot, botween Mad- isou and Munroe. Kogegemoat of Jobn Dilloa. **The Lancasuire Lass.™ FOOLEY'S THEATRE-—Randolph streat, botween Clark and Lasallo. ** Nt Gallts. GLOBE THEATRE—Desplaines stxact, between Mad- iso0 and MWeshinzton. xog-men: Cof tho Tox & Denler Pantomimo-Troupe. ** Hampiy Dumpty.” MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE Monroo strect, betwesn Dearborn ang State. Arlington, Cotton, aud Ecmble's Minstrels. ** SimploSimon.” Ainstreley aud comicall~ N CENTRAL HALL—Coraor Waba: vonne and Twez. ty-so0ond stroet. Frank AlaoEvoy's ** New Hibernicon.', DR. KAHN'S MUSEUM OF ANATOMY—CUlark stref, botweea Madison and Monro. The Chicago Teibune. Sunday Morning, January 11, 1874, TEE GAS QUESTION. Tt is rumored 2round town that certain mem- “bers of the Common Council are prepsring & scheme far a new gas company, and that the ‘eole object nnd purpose of the movement is ta blackmail the old Company. Former successes are eaid to have encouraged that class of politi- cisns who have no money and yet spend a great dealto be elected to the unsalaried office of Alder- man tomske s freshlesy. The Gas Compauy has no friends except with the mammon of un- righteousness, and, spparently, docs not desire eny. It probsbly counts on a biennial visitation of 'blackmail as & part of 1ts operaling expenses, and collects the required amount from the pub'ic by farnishing a poor article of gas at-full prices, by lighting the street-lamps befors sundown, and by letting them burn all night at full moon. A fow years ago the two Ccmpanies were bled by a lot of rascally Aldermen to the tume-of §£80,000—some authorities put it 28 high as $120,000. Of courso the publichad to pay this bl in the end, along with their other gas bill, and they will have to pay similar Lills as long as the Company continues to render itself odious. Ko beadwsy could be made for s blackmail- ing echeme, if the Company performed its duties to the public, by farnishing & good article, at & Iair price, with a suitable pressure, and Eeeping pace with the public requiremeats. Bat £0 long as 1t pursues the grasping and mggardly policy which now ' characterizes it blackmail * will be one of the regular items in irs expense- soconnt, until some fne day an ordinance will pass the Conucil providing for a new company, The South Division of the city certainly needs 2 new company. Weare informed that the old Company, whose works ate on the North Side, while some of its customers are five or six miles distant, lost so much money by the fire of Octo- ber, 1871, that they can’t afford to build new works at present. We don't believe that yarn; but, if it is true, it constitutes a strong argn- mont for s new company. The public want a company that can afford to build new works. That such & compauy can be organized in a very short time, we have no doubt. If the old Com- pany is impecunious, that is no resson why the public should be withcut good gas and adequatée works for its manufactare. Let it stacd one side and muke room for another concern more sccommadating and less poverty-stiicken. OUR HORSE-RAILWAYS. ‘We can all recall the excitement that prevailed in Chicago less than ten years 1go at the propo- sition to comstruct s horse-rsilway on Lale street aad \abash avenue. The same intense hostibity was shown to laying & track on South Clesk street. Bat times bave changed, and & maturer public opinion;now demands that horse- . ailways be constracted on these streets, while thereis & general conviction that the number and extent of such railways throughout the city might bo doubled with great ad- vantsge to public intercsts and to the comfort and conyenienco of the people. It is idle to say that the City of Chicago ia bonnd for ninety-nine years or for ninety-nine days to prevent additionsl horse-ralways from being established, and that the city is estopped from having any lines except such &s the present companics may chooso to-furnieh. Whatever may have been the public aversion to such rail- _ ways yoars 0go, they sre now recognized 28 a necessity, without wluch the public could no fonger live and do business iu Chicago. The best test that they are no longer regarded 23 an injury or ap intorruption to busivess is snowo in the fact that the people of no street on which a line is coustrncted would have it removed un- * of the city. der any cirenmstances, and is further shown by the genera! desire to have additional roads in various neighborhoods now deprived of thom. During the last year tho existing compauies ‘have slightlyncreased their sccommodations, for ‘which favor the public are indebted to the omni- Bus opposition ratber tan to the enterpriso of the horse-zailway companies. These increased fa- cilities consist of & line from Twenty-gecond street to Western avenue, vis State, Van Buren, and Clack strects, and a line from Madison street to the North Sife. A line ou Clark streot, run- ning south to Twelfth, -thence (until the rail ‘s0adl tracks have been removed) south on Dear- born stioet to Twenty-sixth street, is a desidera- tum. The Clark strest line to the North Side should run as far eouth s Twelfth street. There shea!d also be con- structed a line on Webash avenue. from Thirty-ninth street to Lincoln Park. This will give to the South Division threo trunk lies to Twenty-second street, with extensions, by Cot- tage Grove avenne, Indinna svenue, =nd State aud . lark streets, to the cify limits, in each direc- tion, and ¢wo connections with the Noith Divi- sion by Clark and Bush streets. Tha neceesity for these Lnes is nowadmitted by 2ll; and, if ihe existing compani 8 will not farnish thom, then Jet others do 8o withont delay. Corsiderably uore than half the populstion of Chicago reside fi the West Division, and vet, with the single exception of & through line to Twentj-second strent, in tho Sonth Div’sion, there are no'more facilities and sccommodations now than thete were in 1859, . The Aladison-and Randolph street lines ave the oply trunk lines. From ooe.of these the Milwaukeé svenue, the Clinton street, and the Van Buren street lines branch off, and from the other “the Blua Islund avenué line. The Van Baren stroot line is & fraud ; it ends on tho prairie, snd will be completed probably about the time the'Company’s charter expires. The Clinton and Blue Islaud lines are wholly in- 0 | adequate to meet the wants of the people, while the Milwanice avenue cers are likewiso insufli- cieut to supply the 80,000 people who are depend- ent upon them for the mesns of gotting to aud from the central part of thecity. On the West Side there are urgently demanded: 1. A line on Halsted street, from Archer avenue to Lake sprect; aline on the samo street.from Archer avenue to Tiwelfth street, and thence east o State street and north to Lake street. 2. A iive from Lake and State streets, by way of Tiwolfth street, to Western avenme. 8. A line on Randolyh street, from State, by way of Hal- sted and West Indiana stréets, to the city limits. 4. A line on Chicago avenue, from Western avenue east to North Clark street. and sonth to the river. Thege additional trunk linés, with such branches as may be necessary to meet the public convenience, are sll needed now. Itis not & question of meeting tho wants of the future; the want already exists. The enterprise of the existing horse-railway companies is far behind the times and the wants On ench line of borse-raiiway there arenoless than two lines of omnibuses, all doing & thriving business, and set the railway companies treat every roquest for more cars as & petition to put thom in bsnkruptey. On the West lines the excessive piety of the management atones for the sin of running cars on Sunday by stopping them at 10 o'clock at night, and the eame rule prevails on somo of the South Side lines, the tour of stopping being an hour later. The want of cleanliness on many of the cars is an offense without excuso orapology. Tho South Side Company has yiclded 8o far to the demands of the public as to run a car each 90 minutes on State streot after 12 o'clock. Little as this is, it is something which the West Sido can never hope for. The last car from the West Sido leaves its terminus at 11 o'clock, and for the next seven hours sny of the 210,000 people want- ing toget down-town must walk or hiro a car- ringe. After 12 o'clock =ll intercourse with the West Side must be on fcot. This is an antedi- luvian policy, altogether out of place in Chicago. The Common Council ehould never grant any privilege to any horse-railway company except on condition that the cars be run at intervals of thirty minutes between midnight and morning, and that the cars be sabject to inspection a8 to closnliness, with a pennlty attached for running them in & filthy condition. THE MILD WINTER. ° _The winter of 1878-'4 haz so far been of the mildest character, and has proved s great blessing to humanity. Seldom has s winter been anticipated with 80 much dread. Never before Lavo there been so many people out of employ- ment. A large class of persons find their work close every year with tho first Leavy frost, or ‘with ‘such snow as nccessarily suspends out- door Iabor. Dut this suspension of work began this year, from financial causes, at least sixty days sooner than usual, and hence it wasthat the approach of cold weather was looked upon with more than ordinary anxiety. Happily, the weather o far has becn of un- usual mildness, and, compared wilh the last, this one can hardly b called winter at all. In 1372 there were severe frosts in October, and stet dy cold weather, alternating with tremendous and protracted northwest blasts, rorf;inued until lute in April. For the length of the Lieason and gen- eral severity of the weather it had not been equaled in this latitude during a whole genera- tion. Up to this day, the 1lth of Jabuary, the frost has not been equal to the solid freezing of Chicago River—the thin coating of ice formed during one or two nights disappearing the next dsy. What out-door employment has ex- isted has been coutinued withount interrup- tion ; masons and carpenters are able to work at their occupetions, whilo plasterors and painters ate, 28 nsual, at work within doors. Up to witk- ina few days at least there has been no diffcalty in makiog excavations for laying new or repair- ing old pipes and drains. The ground has mo st frozen much below the surface. As thisis themiddle of January, we may consider that one-half the season in which we are exposed to severe frosts bas already paszed. The days are lengthening, and the sunlght is becoming warmer. Another fortnight or more of this mild weather will disarm the winter of the great part of its terrors and actual sufering. In addition to the Llessing of & mild winter, Chicago hns also been blessed with an extraor- dinary stock of coal, which ie solling at greasly reduced rates. Ta no instance bas the favor- asbleness of the season beon more conspicuously showa than in the reduced szle and consump- tion of coal. It is estimated by coal deal- ers tbat the consump:ion of ‘fuel Las been not much more then haif of what 1t would have been in an ordinary winter. Econ- omy in the consumptioa of coal has been a ne- cessity, and the weather has permitted it to be practiced generally, and withgut suffering. This, in a season when cosl was never so abundaot and cheap, attests the blessing the mild weather has been tothose of limited means. ‘While we must reasocably expect sovero frost and storms in February, we now know that they must be ehort, and that the suffaring and priva- tion consequent uponsuch weather will be easily borne, and for this we cannot e too grateful. THE OPERA SEASON. ‘The brief season of Italiva drama is now at & close. Tinancially, it has not been 5 great suc- cess, but this in part has boen due to errors of management. The first error was in the price of tickets, which approximated to tho operatic standard. The Italian diamatic stage, even with such a 1epresentativo a8 Salvini upon its boards, is not sufficiently attractive to draw Americans out atlarge prices. The only novelty in these performances is the star. The rest counts for nothing. The star, bowever, speaks s language which is uniotelligible to his auditors, and to follov Lim through. the poges of a badly-translated libretto is & painful effort, which detracts from the interest of the performance, and, 1 sddition to this, he appears in plays which are unfamiliar in story and dramatic construction to Ameri- cons. The second error of this season has been that Salvini commenced with plays which no one koew. If he bad played Othello on Alonday mght, and Tamlet on Tuesday night, instesd of at the close, be would have Lad the prestige of commencing with crowded bouses, and his per- formances would bave been the tali of the city, and thus have sassured a success for the “Samson” and *‘Morte Civile." Noth- ing contributes so much to the maccess of s season 88 & crowded house on an opening night, for peoplo are much more apt to attecd public performances because their neighbors bave been than because tha performsuces are really excellent. But the season is over now, and it 1s necdless to allade to furtber errors. THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JANUARY 11, 1874. Notwithstanding these errors, it will probably be & souree of regret to meny that they did not improve their opportunities, as it was in the caso of that incomparablo artist, Ristori. We turn nowto that other branch of Italisn art, the Iyric drama, as it will be representod during the eneaivg two weels by the Strakosch troupe. Whether this season is doomed to the same fate 28 that of Salvini, romains to be seen. In this connection, however, thero is onc impor- tant fact to be remembered. Msx Btrakosch is tke only musical impresrario who bus berezofore kept his faith with tho public and uever disap- pointed it. Whatever he hes announced be has performed, even whon it hes entailed npon him heavy losees, and this hes been specially true in his Chicago seasons. When, therefore, he sn- nounces that his prosent troupe is sn excellent one, we have every reason to beliove such is the case. In addition to ovn assertions, we Live the testimony of tho New York, Boston, Philadelphis, Cincinoati, and St. Lonis, papers, in all of which cities the tronpe has appearcd, that it is not ouly a very complete and effective one, but one of the best whick Las over appeared in the country. With Madame Nilsson-Rouzaud, Miss Cary, and Capoul, the public is alresdy familiar. They stand in the front rank of their profession. To tho others,— Alle. Toniari, and Signors Campaoial, Del Puente, Nanuetti, Marra, and Scolara,—the pub- lic hms yet to be introduced; but they briog a first-class roputation with them. The orchestral conductor, Signor Muzio, wus identified with those superb troupes whicl: used to visit us in our early dagsof Italian opera, snd,". during the last few years which Lo bas spent in Europe, he has been intrusted by the compos- ers, Verdi among them, with tho superintend- ence of their mew works. Such conductors as Muzio. who take a pride in their profession, and hold their reputations dearer than all elso, will not consent to bsve poor musicians under their batons, and we may thercfors well beliove what has been said over sud over again by the press of other citics, that the chorus and orchestra of this troupe are ex- ceptionally excellent. The repertoire of the troupe for its season here is remarkably strong alo. It embraces * Lucia,” * Martha,” *The Huguenots,” * Migoon,” *Ernani,” Faust,” “ Trovatore,” ** Don Giovanni,” aud Verdi's last work, * Aida,” which will be given next weel. In this list there is not a single opera whicl is not sn established favorite, except **Aids,” which has yet to be heard. With such a troups and sach & repertoire, the season showld bo a success. One thing can be relied upon with certainty,~Mr. Strakosch will keep his faith with the public and wil do all that he promises. He is to be credited with invincible plack in fighting against the hard times and keeping Lis troupe above water at & time when others have gone down. Although his season has been conducted at = loss, he has reduced his prices, acd has placed them ab o reasonsble rate at lesst. In a geoeral sense, also, thera is anoiher important fact to be ro- membered. Italian opera has seen its best days, and its seesons will soon be like angels' visits. The enormous expenses of taking o troupe throngh this country, especially at the present time, leave too narrow a margin of profit to offer much inducement to managers in futare. The Maretzek troupo ‘went to pieces almost at the very outset of its season, and it is anim- possibility tlat Mr. Strakosch can get throngh except at s loss. Hlis courage and good faith, bowever, under such trying circumstances, do- serve recognition. and, as it is not improbable that this mey be the last season of Italian opers Chicago may have for a long time to come, Mr. Strakosch and his singing-birds ought to havo s hearty welcome, THE ILLINOIS SALARY-GERABBERS. The IMinois Legislatare has paesed s resolu- tion condemning the Congressional ealary-grab. Itisnot all that it should haye been. The House resolution pointedly censured the Ilinois Senators and Representatives who voted for the grab. Tho Sonate, however, modified the reso- Intion 80 as to leave the personal cenm- sure out, and wes content to condemn the act, request its repeal, and adviee an amendment to the Constitution prohibiting selary-grabs in the future. This is enough, at all events, to rebuke Senator Logan for the posi- tion he has sssumed in standing by the lsw in spite of the popular demand for its repeal. It is announced that copies of this resolution have been forwarded to Senator Logan and other Ili- nois men in Congress, and not one will do Lis duty to his constituency who fails to vote for an unconditional repeal of {he grab-law. In this matter there is no room for doubt that the Leg- islature ropresents the views of the people. So far the Legislature has done its duty. But the resolution is not in keeping with ite own attitade before the people of the State. The members of the Illinois Legislature are thom- gelves salary-grabbers every day they remain in sossion. There are 51 Senators and 153 Repre- sentatives in the Legislature, making 204 in all, who draw a per dlem of £5, or £1,020 a day. In a three months' session, which seems to be the shorlest term that the Legislaturo looks for- ward to, tho pay of members alone would amount to £76.500. The other expenses incident to & thres months' session will be Lislf as much again, and the whole cost to the State will not fall short of 125,000 for the noxt ninety days. Tunis money s taken diroctly out of the people, whoso taxcs arc sirendy ober- ous uuder the varions tax-grabs that heve been made. A thice monthe’ seesion at this time is & fraud upon the people, who have pro- tested against it on account of the violation of the spirit of the Constitution which it involves, the absence of suy preesing necessity for fariher legislation, the dangerous precedont it gives, and the general hard times, which suggest econ- omy znd retrenchment on all sides. Tuder these circumstances, the Illinois Legis- laturo caunot consistently call Congress to ac- count without at the same timo relieving them- selves of the odium that attaches to the title of salary-grabber. Congress incressed its own galary with & retronctive provision, and the of- fense against the people was that of taking pub- lic money to which Congressmen were not en- titled. The Illinols Legislature is holding & ses~ gion 10 violation, or at least evasion, of law, aod in defiance of tho demsnds of the peoplo thot they shall adjourn. They are making & heavy draft on the public funds by doing eo, and are, therefore, taking money to which the people believo they aropot entitled. They are, consequently. sslary-grabbers just ss mach a8 the Congresemen who veted for the increase last March, or who now reftse to vote for tho repeal of the law. The same reasons which have led the Legislature to condenm the Congression- al salarv-grab will lesd the pecple to condemn the Legislative ealary-grab. If \he Illinofs Con~ gressmen committed to the salary.grab are Lo be held to account by the people, the Ilinois legis- lators will likewise bo Leld to accouat. They should take heed whilo thero is yet timo. THE KERTUCKY VENDETTA. The story of tho vendetta at Harrodsburg, Ky., by which o most estimablo lady lost her Lusband and two sons, is too fiesh in tho mem- ories of our readers to need recapitulation, but it cunvoys 8 most important lesson upon the folly and danger of wearing arms. At the Corooer's inquest, young Daviess testified that Lis father, who was killed, bLad carried” a pistol ind bowic-kuife, dsy in and day out, ever since the Titness could remember. They were his insoporsblo companions. e buckled them on, aid tho wilness, as regulerly a5 bo took his mesls. Young Larue, one of the victims, who was only 19, bad carried o pistol from boghood. On one day during the trial wwhich is now progressing. one of the witnesses who was called on to exhibit his clothing which ho wore during the figitt showed a pistol on his person. Every dey during the il the defendants bave como armed, and even the layyers cary dangerous wesp- ons. A dispatch in our jssue of Saturday states thet the Court on that dayrefused to hear the arguments, fearing that serious troublo might ensue. There nover was @ mora ouzra- geons defianco and contempt of justice than this. Here was o bloody tragedy, originally porpetrated or commonced in & court-room, growing out of the practice of canying con- cealed weapons, in violatlon of tne laws of Kentucky, and, when tho survivors aro brought up for trial, thoy return tothe court- room armed as when the difficulty first began, and not only they, but tho lawyers, both for the defendants and for the Commonwealth, and evontually the Court has to refuso to hear the arguments, because it is afrzid of another tragedy. A lawyerin Harrodsburg eaid to the correspondent of the Louisvillo Courier-Jour- nal : = 1 never saw a si]der day in my life than the one which followed this difiiculty. 3fen walked with heads bowed about tho sllent, deserted sirects, and scarvely any onespoke sbove s whisper. The air was filled with a mutfled, voireless sorrow which s indrscriba- ble, I had, o few days prior to the difculty, invited elghtesn or twenty friends to Thanksgiving dinner at my residence, but only three or four came, The table was loaded with all the Qelicacies of the fexson; onr Little party of five or six sat almost speechless, and mechanically dispensed the conrtesies of the occagion. Grief and shame were_depictzd on every face,and I felt Ifke taking thie tabla to the front window, elevaling one end of it, and sliding every morsel it contsined into the street to be devoured by the dogs. God for- bid that I should eser enjoy anotlier such 8 Thanks- giving dinner. And yet, with this horrible tragedy so fresh in memory, with a broken-hearted widow, bereft of husband and sons, living in their midst, these cowardly, blood-thirsty wretches flock into tho same court-room armed to the tecth and ready to renew the shooting upon the slightest provo- cation. The indignation which honest and law- abiding people will feel at such inhuman end cowardly conduct will hardly be less {ban the contempt they will have for the timorous Conrt which "did not order every man disarmed st tho door, before he entered into its prosence. Procoedings in such a Court are & mockery of justice, and this esemplifica- tion of Soutbern chivaliy is 3 libel upon Luman- ity. To carry a concealed weapon is the first mark of & coward, unle«s a person is compelled to go where he knows his life is at stake, and he canuot defend himself otherwise. To make it a daily practice and habit of life, as appears to be done in Harrodsburg, both upon the part of men and boys, is not enly & dangerous but a bully- ing, brutal practice which sculd be suppressed by the law at once. It is about time that South- ern chivalry was compolled to give place to honor, manhood. and courtesy. Sir Denjamin Brodie, in bis book on “Mind and Matter,” points oat the intimato connection between bad air snd dram-diinking. His argu- ment is that the bad sir produces depression and that the victim drives away that dopression in tho only way open to him,—by gettiog drunk. This position is strengthened by his mention of a number of persons who * spentaneonsly abaundoned the habit ou being enabled to re- gide in o less crowded and more healthy locality, where they counld brazthe s pure air.” On this theory the mode! tenement-house should bea great moral engine. And soitis. In the Pos- bods end Durdett-Cousts lodging-houses, in London, the percentago of crime is less than half as great as it is among ths same claea of people, pursuing the sams.trades, who live in ordinary tenoments. Sir Binjamins idea only presents another pliase of the great truth we learn g0 slowly, that the best way to curo crimo in to care the sickuess that sauses it. Every step towards making s mun comfortable is & step towards moking Lim sinlees. You ecan ventilate his howe and o give him pure air, or you can repeal the tanff and so give him what ho needs to buy at what he ought to’ pay,—the widely differcnt canses effect, in different do- greo, the samoend. Abstinenco men who be- lieve in something stronger than moral suasion can test Sir Bovjamin's ides by smasbing tho windows of o saloon, some cold night. Wohave no doubt that 0s tho air went iu the tipplers would come out. So its truth would be proved besond peradventure. o Liave published full reports from the seat of war in Obio, where & persistent course of prayer-meeting has proved too much for the sa- loon-keepers. In Danielsonvilie, Coan., the ab- stinence-men prey on their adverearies in a dif- ferent way. They buy up all the liquor-sellers’ bad bills, and harass them with judgments 2nd wxccations till they are driven out of town. Tho chief objection to this method of werfare is that, in a country village (in the Weat, at least), tho whisky-vender's bad bills are apt to coneist exclusively of those owed kim. Either plan is far preferatlo to that io vogue & year or so since, when infuriated virsgos wore wrecking tho saloons in varions Western towns. This went ont of fashion, %o beliove, when sn Iows Judge fined such a mob Leavily, and advised its vietim to sue the whole crowd for exemplary damages, A misunderstanding has occurred botween the holders of full-poid and unpaid stock ka several railways in this State. The first disagrecment occarred between the two claeses in the Gitman, Clinton & Springfield Railrosd. Then the Indi- anapolis, Bloomington & Western ksd 3 family jar. Then the Springfield & Southeastorn bad somo of it, and now the St. Louis & Jacksonville lizs,a tonch of the same. It seems to be break- ing out like the meaelés all around. Boforo spring there will probably be a thousand miles of railway in court, to determine who owns tho property,—whether those who paid for their stock, or thoso who dida’t ; end it will be fouod in the end that pnpshi stock is worth just what 1t cost, to-wit: nothing at all, | were. Itismore than seven years eine THE NORMAN CONQUEST. THE HISTORY OF THE NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND : Is CAUSES AND ITs RESTLTE, By Fo- WARD A. FLEms, M. A., D, C. L. Four Volumes. Tevised Amerlesn Edition. Macmillsu & Co. New York. 1873, In these four volumee, Mr. Freeman, the cmi- vent English historian, tells, 0s he expresses it himself, the tele of the Norzan Congueet; sud Lo tells it well. In snother volumo he promises {0 describo the effeets of which the Conyuest was the cause; bue, in the volumes before us, he al- ready lets us see what he considers these effelts the first volume of the first ediiion of this worl: ap- peared; and it maw the light only afier, the author had devoted twonty yoars to the colleet- ing of material. In the present revised edition we have, therefore, the history of ONE OF THE MOST REMAREABLE EVENTS intho aunals of England, ag it bes taken torm in Mr. Freemen's mind aitor more than & quarter of a century's thought. No woder he tells his story weH. Ha is saturcted with tho spirit of the ages he deseribes. He knows bow to make the dead Edward, Ilarold, sud the Couqueror live. Homakes the past present. His vead- ers follow bim through * stirting seenes;” walk with him *‘in the company of mighty men;" + ight by tho side of Harold, and weep over the martyr-block of Waltheof.” 3fr. Freeman did not write to plezsz the readers of fiction ; and vet his pages are 28 attcactive us 8 novel, as brilliant a5 those of Thierry on the same subject ; while Lo bas produced a work more eritical ad philo- sophic than either Thierry or Palgiave,—nosmall ment whee it is considered that, as 8 wors of art in the region of history, Thierrs's is consid- ered thovery best that French Lteraturo can boust of. Bat Froeman is MORE THAN A PAINTER. To patience, research, and carefuless he adda the scientific spint. e is a plulosopher ro less than an artist. man Conquest as an isolated bistorical shows us what prepared the way for it. He views itin conuection with ite czures and effect. The History of tae Conquest was not mado by William and by Harold ; and, while he allows for the influerce of their agency, Le shows usthe ‘more occult aud silent causes of the great eveut. To write history as it should be written, one ouglit to bo free from bias of every kind. ‘We do not think Mr. Freeman is ; bat then he Goes not allow his likes or bis dislikes to cloud Lis judgment. Ilad he lived in 1066, it is plain that he would have fought with Harold and against William. He ie no Norman. He is sn Englisman to the mauner born. Tle loves the England before the Conquest. e loves to say that thoEvgland be- fore and tk:e England after it ate the same. He would. we think, if it were possible, wipe out of his country's Listory the pages he has himsolf so well and 8o ubly written. Ho does not want to beliave that the Conquest broke tho continmity of the English natiop, acd he demonstiates that itdidnot. He clings totha GOOD OLD TEUTON ENGLAND beforo William sot foot on English ground. He beiieves thot the England of Ethelstan is the England of Victorin; thst the English nation bas remained from its foundation the one identi- cal organism it is ; that it wes not destroyed by William and bis Normavs: Lut that William and nis Normans were absorbed intoit. He believes all thiz; and it is evideut that he likes to believo it. Happily for Lim thst facts support him in Lis predilections. Yet, while all Lis sympathies sre with Harcld, he treats Willam with something oetter than the tenderness of an ezemy. He does bim ample justice. e paints him not everywhere, we think, as be could wish, RUT EVERYWHERE TRULY. He never grows entburisstic over him. Ife always eees his merit, and recordsit., Unlike Blackstone, who gays that Harold had no more right to the Crown than the Cougneror, Freeman thinks and shows that Harold bad every right, and the Conqueror momo; for the Euglish Crown was not yet hereditary, aud Harold s the chosen of the English people. How William, the grent diplomatist, duped somany out of England, and somo in Engiand, into the conviction that ho had & tight to the English Throne, and bow he dupoed bimself, perhaps, into the same belief; with what ekill and sophistry be enlisted the ecelesinatical inflnence on his side,—Freeman tells with his wonted clearness acnd eloquence. “This part of the work is & besatifal specimen of tho su:bor's analytic power. It i often assumed that the Conquest is the real beginaiug of Euglish bistory. Freeman points vut the error of this assumption. Not=s the beginning, but o8 THE ' TURNING POINT,” of English history, is the Conquest to be con- sidered. To understand the bistory of the Con- quest itself, it is Deceseary to know tho history of England sutecedent to it. To know whether it changed the English people, how it changed them, to what extent it changed them, 3t is necessary to kpow the inhabitants of the island, their constitution, laws, lznguage, etc., provious to its date. Hence, Mr. Freeman devotes a volume to Ezgland before the Conquest. To find the cause of the Conquest, too, it i3 necessary to study the history of tho coustry for a hundred veers before it; for that event was no sudden catas- tropbe. The way was paving for the Conqueror for a century. England had been conquered tice, and tlis suggested that it might be con- quered again. The twenty-threo sesrs of Ed- ward's reign,—the years immediately preceding the Conquest,—England was turning Norman. A silent conquest was poing on daring the wholo of this time. Taeso tweniy-three yoms Freo- man calls the FIBST FERIOD OF THE CONQUEST. When Edward was chosen King. be was chosen because ke was English, of the flesh and bone of his electors. Yet Edward did as much to con- quer Eugland for the Normans a8 William hirm- self. Dis mother was a Norman. Ile hed been oducated abroad. . His predilection was for for- cigners and Normans. o bad fived in Norman- dy when a child. It was the Jand of his affec- tion. Ile spoke tho Fronck language, sod had French tastes, and surrounded himeelf with thoso who spoke his langusge and shared his tastes, Norman * carpet-bagzers” swarmed to En- gland, Edward was a¢ home with the Normans, Za stranger to Lis countrsmen. The Court was filled with Normans, The places of honor and emolument were thoire. The Clurch even was goverued by Norman Prelates. No wonder Free- man says that the sceds of the Conquest wero already scwn. T:e English tried to shake off tho Norman in- fluence for s time; but it was TOO FIRYLY ESTABLISHED to be gotten rid of. Tho country wes ripe for the Conquest. The Normaus had uearly eversthing but the Crown. Wiy ehould they ot have that? When William visited England a short time bofore the Conquest, he eaw the sitnation. His eye had rested on the English diadem. Tho Conquest was planned; for the way had boen propared for it. When Edwsrd died, the English people called Harold to the Thrope. Willium, who cov- eted it, lald claim to it slso. He neser elaim- ed by right of conquest. He claimed by right of bequest and inheritance; and he succeeded only too well in maldog his claim plaosible. The battle of | To complete the | Cenquest took some time yet, but it was done | Hastings turned in his favor. effectually. The effects of the Conquest were not what is generally supposed. JIr. Freeman shows that IT DID XOT RESULT in a wipiog out of the English nation. The English race and the English language roceived each o new infusion, but remuined the ssmo es before. The new Taco and the new. language wero assimilated to the old. The conquered wero the conquerors. The Norman disappesred .in the Englishman. True, the Conquoat wassa temporary overthrow of Boglish national life; but it was only temporary. William claimed to reign only 28 successor to those who went before hir. The only effect of the great change was to bring the English onder the influence of the peculiar civilization of the Romance nations. A new dynasty, a new nobility, & change of ownership jn the land, and & change in certain of the laws, are - not seufficient to chaage a nation or overthrow it. The Conquest’ was not of course without results, and great ro- snlts; but it did not wire out the Constitution, the Ianguage, or the laws of England. Sucir is, in brief sketch, the bistory of the Norman Couguest as told by Edward A. Free- man. The fifth volume of his great work will trece the efiects which aro here given only i outlive. Mr. Freeman's readers cannot lay down his book without feeling that he vindicates the CONTINTITY OF THE ENGLIST NATION. The Congueror did no; aseist at the solemn actof the death of ogreat people. Elements which the nation would have ‘spontancously re- Jected wero forced into its organism. It sick- cned. 80 to epeak, for a time; but it recovered, and, when it did, it found itself England still, with its own Constitution, its own language, and ita own laws. ——— THE MORALITY OF GODD LIVING. BY PROF. WILLIAM MATHEWS, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. That o man's morality is dependent more or Iess upon his bodily eondition, and consequently upon tha condition of bis stomacl, foww persons at thisday will Lesitato to udmit, * A cound mind in o sound body " is a condition, not only of lcalthy intellectual, but boalthy spiritual life. Every micister of tho Gospel bas to deal with * cases of conscienco ” thai Laflo all ordi- nary treatment, and which he finds out nt last fo bo simply cases of physical disorder, whoso remedy 18 in the pharmacopeis, o, more fre- quently, in the larder or cook-book. If the + house of this tabernacle " be ehastered in any way, 80 8 {0 1eqrire constant proys and repairs, its symrathetic tenant is almost sure to suffor with the crozy dwelling-place. Old Szmuel Johnson onco said that “vERY M1% 16 A RASOAL WIEN NE IS AICE ; " 4 and we all know that o pervons headache, en attack of dyépepsia, a rheumatic ®pain, even a cold in the nore, will often couvert an =amiable man into & public nuisauce. A man of the Lindliest impulses Las only to feed upon indi- gestible food for a few days, aud forthwith bLis Iiver is affected, and then his brain, His sonsi- bilities nre blunted ; his constznt physical tor- ture makes bim fretful ; and, reckless of the feelings of others, he will fay and do things from which at other times he would have re- coiled. Bydoey Smith did not exaggerate when hosaid that *‘Old friendships are often de- stroyed by toasted cheese, and bard ealted meat bas led to suicide.” There ave ouly two bad things in this world, said Hanoah More,— SIN AND BILE. ‘Wes she ignorant that a largo part of the sin springs from bile ? The doctrine that health has a great deal to do with godliness may not be very flattering to our prido; but we must sccept our natures, 8 the transcendentalist did ** the universe,”and, ac- cepting them, we must bos to the plain fact that o ladder resching to Heaven must, if wo cre i0 climb it, have its fect upon the ground ; and that, to reach to the Lighest dograe of spiritusl excellence, we must begin with pbysical snd mental soundness. Itisan indubitable truth that o men not only recsons better, but loves more warmly, gives more geuerously, and pravs more fervently, when well than whenill. Itis equally true that a man who is well fed, ctothed, and housed is a more amiable being than one who lacks the comferts ¢f life. A man before dinner may talk scandal or write scatbing eriti- cism; mny crawi like a horso-fly over the char- acter or the wrilings of a neighbor; but, after he has well esten and drunken, the thing is an impossibility. Who does not know that the se- crat of begging favors succesafally is to request them after s man has dined ? Is there a lobbyist at Washington, or Springtield, who is ignorant of the fact that his *little bill” is more clearly approhended by & legislator after hisl or 2 o'clock meal; oristhere a shrewd wife who doubts that the way to a man's heart is THROTUGH IIS STOMACH ? Thers is something in a generous meal that exercises tho devi's of disparagement and calumuy, and eubstitates therefor the spinta of good-fellowship and philantbropy. It msy bo doubted whethot haif of the suicides, murders, heresies, false philosophies, and apoatasies that have stained the aunals of our race, have not Dad thoir origin remotely in & disordered stom- ach. Voltawo affirms that the massacre of Bu. Partholomes was primarily due to the utter in- capacity of tne King to digest his food. Icis not the *“fat, sleek-headed man,” but the “)een and bungry Cassius” that is dangorous. As 8 moral institution, thereforo, dinner can- not b too highly valued ; but it bas aleo 178 INTELLECTUAL ASPECTS. Boast a8 we may of the superiority of mind to ‘matter, it is nevertheless true that the flow and quality of a msn's idess may be affected by such vulger and commonplece things s vic- taals. 7The finest poots and prose-writers that have charmed the world by their pens have been mentally prostrated by a it of indigestion ; and Generals who havo proclaimed their pre-emi- nence at the cannon’s mouth have been rendered powerless by a badly-cooked dish. Could wo know the fall history of all victories, ancient and modern, we should probably be amazed to find how important & part in tho destiny of Em- pircs has been played by the gastric juize. Na- poleon lost a battlo one day because his poulet & Iz Mareng was inconsiderately scorched by hia chef-de-cuisime. Indigestion, caused by his fast 2nd voracious modo of eating, peralyzed him in two of the most critical events of his life,—the battle of Borodino and the battle of Leipsic,— which he might have couverted into d: cisive end commanding victories had he push- ed its advactages as be was wont. On tha third day of Dresden, too, the German novelist, Hoff- man, who was present in the town, asserts that thie Emperor would have won far more brilliaut successes but for the effects of 3 SHOULDER OF MUTTON STCFFED WITH OKiONS. 1t was owing in a great degree to the wretched condition of their commissariat that the Aus- trians were defeated ot Austerlitz. C'estla soupe qui fait lo soldat. **Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we may die,” is a motto which bas often been denounc- ed, and most justly, by the Christian moralist. #Let us eat and drink well, lest to-morrow we die,” would bo a good substitute. The pleasares of tho able are not the highest form of human enjoyment, it is true; but for all that, &n oyster-pie is & good thing when well made. “A mav,” says Lr. Jobnson, “who has no regasd for his stomach, will Lave no regard for aoythiog else,” Wo fally agree with the great moralist, and we subscribe wo less heartily to the earing of the French gourmand, who de- clared that the discovery of & new dish is more important than the discovery of & new star, be- cause there nover can be dishes enough, but there are stars enough already. * IT 18 A MISTAEE to suppose that only brainless men, with full paunches and empty pates, have s keon relish for the luxuries of tho table,—that, as Bbak- Bpeare says, —Dainty bita MaXe rich the ribs, but bankrupt quitethe wits. The colebrated scholar, Dr. Carr, confessed a | { Heretofore, science, after putting together the love for ““hoi lobsters, with a profusion of shrimp-sauce.” Pope was a decided epicure, and would lie in bed for daye at Doling- broke's unless ne were told that there were stewed lampreys for dinger, when ho would rise instantly and hurry down to table. Cleo- patiaissaid to have owed Ler empire over Croar 0a much to her suppers 85 to her besaly; ard who csn tell how much the Iovg of the Grand Monarque, Louis XIV., for Madame de Maiutonon, wes owing to the invention of the - lmmortal cutlets which bear her name? Cardi- nal Wolsey was conciliaied by the good dishes on the Field of tte Cloth of Gold; and Agrip- pios won Claudlus by a recipe for dressing Spanish onious. Handel ste enormously; aad, whou he dined at & tavern, alwaya ordered din. ver for three. On being told that ail would be Teady 29 soon as the company should arrive, he would excleim: “ Den bring up de diaser, pres- tissimo. T am de company.” 1t is sometimes £aid that ~Plain living snd high thivking” sbould be the motto of the gcaolar. The plain face is, that, of all laborors, none mora imperiously need a more nutritioas diet than the toilers with the brain. If there ig any system of living which thoy should hold in horror, it is the DRAN-BREAD AND SAW-DUST PHTLOSOPHY inculzated by Graham, Aleott & Co., and praes ticed mpon by nervous pecple, valetndina- rians, and others, who are continually scheming how {o spin out the thread of a miserable, sickly existence, after all their capacities of pleasara aud enjosment havo passed awey. These pro- found philosophers take special pains to show that there is notbing but disesse lurking in all the delicacies of ocean, ecarth, sud air, which Heaven Las blessed us with, All the piquant dishes which lie so temptinely on the well- spresd table, to tickle the palate of tho epicaro, are, sccording to their view, impregoated with a subtls poison, One produces flatulency, another acidity; beaf is stimulating, bam is bilious, pork is serofalous, fish is indigestible, pastryis dyspeptic, tes is uervous ; aud 50 on, from tho simplest article of diet to the most complicated effort of gas- tronomic skill. It is o little smusing that, while these ascetlo philosophers declaim g0 veliemently against the good things of this life, and predict an easly grave for overy man who makes a hearty, care- losg, miscellaneous meal, thoy aro generally PERFECT AMWATEURS IN PRYSIC, and swallow all sorts of quack medicines and similar abominations with infinito relish. It is true that tho theories of the bran-bread phil- osophers have rececived some countenance from s fow distinguished writers, par- ticularly Dr. Franglin and the pooet Sheilor, who 8ecom to have thoaght that, by livig wholly upon Vegetable food, we ‘may preserve our phyeical and intollectusl facal- ties in a atate of much highor perfection. DBat it s evident, in @nite of such speculations, that man is a caraivocous animal, and must, once a day at least, be fed with flesh, fowl, or fish ; be cannot make a satisfactory repast off the roots and fruits of the earth ; for, thongh ~—His znatomical construction Buars vegetables in a grumbling sort of way, tainly he thinks, besoud s q.1estion, eal, and mautton easler of digestion. Franklin, indeed, was not & very zealons con- vert to the Grabamito doctrines. He hositated for soms time what course to pursue, till, at last, recollecting that, wheo a cad had been opened, some small fish had been found in ita stomach, he said to himself: “If you eat ome aoother, I see no reason why wo may not est on” There was much good senso in the romark of a sainted Archbishop of York, who was very foad of roast goose, that 5o good a thing was NOT DESIGNED SPECIALLY FOI SINNERS. And not less wise was the reply of Siint Thomas o Becket o s mouk, who, seziag Lim eating & pheassns’s wing with mach relich, affected to b ecandalized, saying that he thonght Thomes & more mortified man. *Thou art but 8 ninny,” eaid the Archbishop; “Lnowest thon not that a man may be a glutton upon horse-beans ; while another may enjoy with refluement esen the wing of & pheasant. and have Nature's md to enjoy what Heaven's bounty gave?” To advocating s due regard for the plessures of the table, we commend 00 wanton profusion. There is & medinm between the abstemionsness of the anchonte and the senseless profusion of & Czsar who devoured at 2 mesl tho revenue of several provinces, or of those other Romans who had single dishes composed of 500 nightingales’ tongues, or the brains of as many peacocks. Tke dinners of a people,—their coarseness or reflnes ment, their profusion or scantiness,—are AN UNEBRING INDEX of the national lifa, There is, indeed, 28 an- other has eaid, a whole gealogical cycle of progressive cisilization between the clemmy dough out of which a statuette might be molded, 2nd the brittle flms that melt upon the tongue like flakes of luke-warm enow. The cook may oot rank very high in thescalo of humanity, but, on thie other hand, it requires no great stretch of imagination to foresee tlat, should ever the bran-bread and kaw-dust system come in fashion, “Jiving skeletons " would cease to be a wonder; Calvin Edsons would meot us ab every cormer; & man of 80 or 90 pounds would be a monster of corpuloncy ; and, ere many censuries coald have elapsed, the buman species woald have gradaal-+ 1y dwindled into nothingaess, and vanislied from the earth. e The confiscation of convents goes steadily on in Rome, The vast property of tho basilica of St John Lateran has passed under the hammer. 1t had beon hoped that this great church, which bears on its front the Lsughty nscription, + Head and mother of all churches of this city and of the whole world,” might savo ita estates intact. They worethe first to be sold. The picturesque sigus of their late ownership—the sculptured head of Christ between two candlo~ sticks—nre fast disappearing. As early 28 last winter the straet urchins, sure of the church’s fate, wore Héginning to defaco and bresk the figures which their grandfatlers would hava thought it sacrilege to touch. Ordinary con- vents aro captured every day. The sale of their fumniture, which is by no means ascetic or ugly, attracts curi- ous- crowds. The monks manage to sve some of thir tressures. In the mouths during which the law was being debated, their librarics anl mnsenms were steadily losing their gems. These were either sold to foreignera or muggled sway to Austrisn. Thus the oldest knowu sketch of tle Crucifiion—the scrawl found on the wall of the juartera of the Prmtorian Guard, whick represeats s donkey on a cross, and bas beneath it ** Alexamenos worships bis God "—is ©o longer in the Jesuit College. It is said to boin England. It is noteworthy that the Pope's pub- lished letter, announcing the excommunication of overy seller or buyer of church property, had apparently produced not the slightest affect. plank ol i L ) To & late number of the Independent, Miss }‘L . Phelos has & siguificaut reply to Dr. Clarke's 8oz in Education.” Significant, because it 18 one coatinmons ecold. A person who had oot read Dr. Clurke's bools would imagine from this roview of it that it was improper, impertinont, ill-sgvised, s tissue of equivocations, with a fow downrigis ies. It is a8 surange sa it is pitifal that a person of 3iss Phelps’ vigor of mind should lose her temper because srguments she canaot apswer are brought sgaiust a cause she longe to have succeed. When she rises toxea- son sgainet Dr. Clarke, slo is keen and often conmincing ; when she descends to vitaperation, it sounds as if Mrs. Hooker (whose late ook on the woman guestion has '‘no worse faults,” 2o~ cording to an English roview, ©than ectire ignoranco and utter credulity™) were wieldiog tbe pen. From the day when the leaders of this perty loarn that it is not tho way to consert aman who honestiy disbelieves in their doo- trives to call him a fool or & rogue, they will be much more successful missionaries than thay are now. — The empty oyster-can will no more, haunt oml sidewalks and strects, our yerds sud parks. iron and tin that form it, could find no chesp process for seperating them. Now we have bul to bathe the can in hydrochloric zcid to sever the two metals. The machinery required is sim ple and the cost of working over s ton of i scraps is less than $30. The product will sell fot 280. Ina few short months we may expect t0 sce men cleaning our premises of their most un- sightly incurbrancs, 8ave 08, and actually pay- ing us for the privilege. The oue is an ux-boop~. skirt, Let somebody find cuthow to utilizé that, and the Amarican housekeopr will be doabent j 3