Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 2, 1874, Page 4

THE CIHICAGO 2 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE ' ABLE IN ADVANCE). 2,50 200 Dafly, by mai Tri-Weekis ‘Parts o1 a rearat the same rate. To present delay and mistakes, bo sure and givo Post Of cc address in {ull, including State znd County. Eemittances may bomade either by dratt, express, Post Offico arder, or1n registered letzers, at our risk. TERME TO CITT SUBSCRIBERS, Tetly, delivered, Sunday excepted. 2 cente per weck. Deily, celizered, Sunday included, 20 cents per woek. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, TO-DAY’S AMUSEMENTS. OF AUSIC—Halsted strect, botoon Mad- ACADEMY - M Engagement of L. A..Sothe. onroe. ATICEER'S THEATRE-3fadison stroct. rborn and Stato. agagement of — Shicl i fre i) 7 botwoon Dea Basry. ¥+ Cintsimas Eve; or, Tho Gray HOOLFEY'S, THEATREU—Randolph street, botween Clarkand LaSalle. ** The Geneva Crass.” GLOBE THEATRE~Desplalucs strect, between Mad- fron snd, Washingtn. Engegement of Miss Augusta Dargon.’ ** Camilla. s AYERS' OPERA-HOUSE Monroe stroct, batwecn Dearbsrang Siate. Arlington, Cotton, and Kemble's Alinstrols. ** bimple Simon. "Alinstreley nd conneali- Lies, — "BUSINESS NOTICE! HEADQUARTERS FOR BGYS' CLOTHING. C. C. COLLINS, 18§ and 16 Clark-st- The Chivags Tribune, Fridey Morning, January 3, 1874 fhe Spanish frigate Arapiles 18 now st liberty 10 leave ber dock at Broolivn, the sunken barge having been removed. Sho will teke a largo sargo of arms and other war material for the Spanish forees in Cubs. Asticles of impeachment will ehortly be ‘brought \goinst Judge Dusteed, of Alabome. The sharges preferrod aro that be is not a residoot of the State, and tbat ho has accepted bribes and wisappropristed public funds. The latest * irregularity " in fiduciary trusts s that of W.W. Storrs, Treasurer of tho National Savings Baok of Concord, N. F. Ho hos con- tessed to a deficiency of £65,000 in his accounts, which sum he has been both using for his own prrposes and losning to his frionds, who forgot to returm it. The important foreign news this morning is somprised in the intelligence that six moro Communists have been sentenced to deathi at Yersailies; that tho British forces are driving tho Asbuntecs before them and have penetrated seventy miles into their country; and thet 3 deputation from tho Cortes is striving to recon- cile the differcnces between Salmeron, its Presi- dent, and Casteler. Washington dispatches ennounce the death of Gen. Sweet, Deputy Commissioner of Internsl Eevenue, after being ill ten days with typhoid pnoumonis. The deceased was well known 1o {his city, espesially in connection with his com- mand of Camp Douglas during the War, and with bis servicos as Pension Agent. The promi- nent events of his public Lfe will be found in the dispatch announcieg bis desth. His body wiil be brought to this city for interment. Tho great engincors’ etriko hus collapsed, and the strikers Lave unconditionally surrendered. At Dennison, Okio, the engiveers 2re applying for work again, and at Crestline they arg re- cuming their pleces, excapt that those freight en- gineers who voluntecred to run passenger trains are allowod to keep them, and the recalcitrant passenger englncers 2xo put on freight trains. The ongizeess on the Peonsylvania Road have decided to agree to tho reduction of wages for | {he presext, at least, and hope to leave the mat- ter to bo'decided by arbitration. Mr. George T. Williame, Seerctary of the Tnion Stock-Ye:ds and Transit Company, fur- pishes o report of the live-steck business of 1873, publisted clsewhere, from which it appeart tliat, in comparison with lust year, our receipls Leve ivercesed fo the extent’ of 77,253 cattle, 1,085,127 Liogs, and 8,144 horses. The receipts of sheep show a falling off of 18,477. Tho esti- ‘mated value of all the live stock veceived during the sear is §01,321,162. The largest receipts of Liogs in one day were 45,678; in ono weel, 203, 515; and in one month, 665,771 In the month of June, the receipts of cattlo were 85,580 The Gilman, Clinton & Springfield Radroed sontrovessy is once more in tho courts, o peti- tion having been filod in the McLean Circuit Court for the dischargo of Receiver Hinckloy. The motion to this effect will be argued to-dav, tIr. Hinckley appearing with counsel to contest ‘ho motion. The petition, after setting forth \ho resignation of Melvin, President, and Black ind Williams, Diroctors, snd the elestion 5 T. J. Carter; Beojamin F. Fox, and Henry Magill to fill the vacancies, likewise the slection of Mr. Carter President, calls for tho sischarge of M. Hinckley as Recoiver, upon the fround that the road is suffering under Lis man- 1gement, that tho carnings aro falling off, and that no Receiver can guccessfully manage tho road in the face of the strong compelition Sroaght to bear against it. The new plan for the ocean mail servico went mto cffect” yesterday. The schedule for the presout month shows that there will be nob less ihan twenty-foar conveyances of mails to Eu- tope. Of these, tho Hamburg-American Line sarries fivo; the White Star, five ; the North Germsn “Lloyd, Bve; the Canard, four; the Willisms & Guion, four; and the Esgle, sne. The Hamburg-American Lino cares ho Britich, German, Belglum, Notherlands, Swiss, and Italian closod mails vis Ply- month, the French direct mails vis Cherbourg, ind the German direct, Swiss, Danish, Swedieh, 10d Norwegian closed mails vis. Hamburg. The White Star Lino takea tho mails for the United Kingdom via Queenstown, The North German Lloyd's steamers take the German direct, sud Swiss, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian closed mails vis Bremen. The Willizms & Guion, and Cunard Lines carry the British, German, Belgian, Netherlands, Swiss, and Italion closed mails vis Queoustown. Neither the Inran, National, State, Anchor, Great Western, the French, nor che Soath Wales Atlaniic Lines takio any mails in Janusry. - ’ e Bills bhave been introduced into both Honses f Congress providing for s division of Dakota Territors, and 2 petition will be presented, signed 5y the majority of the inhabitents, in favor of sach division. = The movement i3 not a new one, the Dakotz Legislature having twice memorialized Congress to the sameend. It is ihe northern portion of Dakots, lying between Ped River and Montzas, which agks for, & Bopa- rate Territorial Government. This section claims a population of 7,000 people and peculiar advan- tages for building up a prosperous State. It has 200 miles of the Northern Pacific Road completed, which dividee it, running from east to west, and 2,000 miles of navigable rivers, in- cluding the Red, Yellowstone, and Missonri Riv- ‘ers. Less than 12 per cent of the land is waste land for agricultural purposes, and this is eaid to be rich in mineral wealth. The people of this section complain that, under the present Territoriel Government, they are left almost without representstion in the Legilature, and with inadequate provision for coutts. Their principal town, Bismarck, is 900 miles away trom the Capital of the Territory. THE RIGHT OF EMPLOYRENT. Wher, in the age of the Reformation, the monasterics and convents were cloced by those Governments which had esponsed its prineiples, - their iumates reduced, by the policy of the law, to tho sccular condition, and their property con- fiseated, 3 new problem aroso for tho solation of statesmen. The monasterjes had beon the prop- erty of the Church; but in theory, and to great extont in fact, tho property of the Charch was the patrimony of the poor. To the monas- tery or convent camo the noemployed as well a5 tbe sick, the lame, and the blind, for there was their refage. Theso institations had long been foci of Christian charity. Whether at the time of tho Reformation they were so or not, docs not concern us here; nor do the abuses which crept into them, and which were remedied by their abolition. These houses once clesed, the poor who had for centuriessought helpat their doors were without any resource. The old method of relief was gone; anew one not yet provided. And now it was for the first {ime in tho history of the world that the State undertook to find emgloyment for all able-bodied men who could procure none for theraselves, To thio hitherto acknowlodged functions of Government was sdded that of employing the unemployed. In the forty-third year of the reign of Elizabeth, it was enacted that the overseors of the poor should find eraployment for all cbildren whose parents could not support them; also for sl ablo-bodied persons, married or unmarried, not able to find work themselves. Power was given them at the eamo time to levy taxes for this purpose on ho parish, snd if nocossars on the county. The poor had not demanded this. The proletariat thon was pareriess, and the Stato undertook: it, not as & matter of duty whichit owed to the lnboring class, nor 28 a right which they conld claim, but only as o matter of oxpediency. That it was a measure not to ba approved, not dictated by en- lightened statesmanship, will appear in tho se- quel. Not till the time of the French Revolution was the right of employment advocsted. By the French Constitution of 1791 it was pro- vided that employment should be procured by tie State for all able-bodied indigent porsons; and institutions not unllke the Euglish work- houses were established £o carry this provision into effect. Tho Constitution of 1792 went & step farthor than that of 1791. It declared i it was the duty of society to guch employment, and that Lo alwzar had o right to demand 1t of the Siate. The Constitution of 1793 provided that the re- ‘mun=ration of thelaborer should be suflicient to support him. After this, the doctrine of the righi to vmployment drops fora long time ont of Franch Constitutions and sppears only in works of thoe Socialists. Babeeuf advocated s community of goods. Fourier maintained that every mar had a right to fiod employment such 8o he waa e fitted for. This was in 1819, after which the doctrine of the right of employment remaioed in abeyance until 1848. On the 26th of February, of that year, tho following bill was placarded on the walls of Paria: *The Pro- visional Government of the French Republic guarantees existence to the laborer by lsbor. It guarantees labor to every citizen. It gnarantecs that the laborers msy associate io ob- tain the fruits of their legitimate labor.” }The demand for the recopmmon of this right wss so urgent that Government was compelled to do something. There +was some talk of traneferring the property’ in mepufactories to the Government. Louis Blanc proposed that their proprietors should ac- cept as indemaification the bonds of the State. Society was for a time on the verge of dissolu- tion, Musnufocture ceased. Luborers were thrown out of employment. The national work- shopa were opened by the Goveroment. Butas they were opeaod to afford employment, and for 1o othor objoct, they necessarily failed. There was no one specially interested in seeing that they prospered. Experienced kands wero either not employed atall, or employed where their experience was not utilized. Fitness was the last thing thought of in assigning an artiesn his position. Goods when menufactured re- mained unsold. The Government had failed to provide purchasers ; failed to foresee that it was ono thiagtobringanarticletomarketandanother thing to soll it. It had acted throughout on the assumption that if they took care of production, consumption and remuneration would take care of themsolves. As distinguished s man as Thiers advocated the theory that there were times when it becams the daty of tho State to undertake to afford labor to the unemployed; and that when business was bad it shounld order all tha it need- ed, or would need for some time to como; in other words, that during those years that busi- nees was brisk tho Goverument should under- take nothing. bat that whon business waa elack it should order dono all that it might need till trade was likely to becomo brisk again,—a very ingenious but very absurd remedy; ono alto- getber unworthy the practical mind of its au- thor. . One would have supposed that the United States of America would be the very last place in the world whero the revolutionary sad Social- _istic doctrines of the Treach Revoluiica would be openly expressed, or where there would be reason for expressing thora. The experience of the past few weeks has disabused us of that error. A little reflection suffices to show us now that it is not at all improbable that tho Interna~ tional will -carry a prouder head here than any- whero else, for this is the laod of iiberty of speccl, liberty of tho press, libarty of associa- tion, of discussion and almost of sction. There aro fow, if any, countries in Europe whore the Internationel would think it safe to exporiment gsit has in New York, Cincinnati, Lonisville, Chicago. and other places. It intends, evidently, to try its strength just hore; and 1t may be that the movements taking placo in America are di- fected from Europe. After the lesson taaght by the fsilure of the French attempt in 1848 to enforce the right of employment, a refutstion of the doctrine is bardly necessary. To enforceit is impracticable. Guarantee fo 2l that they shall have employ. ment, and the wrong man will always bo thrust into the wrong place. Let the State take care of the laboring class if 1t can, and it takes from them all inducewment to take care of themselves. The littlo ambition they have world bo extinguizhed. They would be reduzed 0% condition of children. All incentive to foresighs, and cconomy, and temperance would be destroy- od. The majority of men cultivato these virtues not for their own sake, not bLecause virtue s its own reward, but for tho reason that they dread the con- sequences of recklessness and improvidence. The dread of Josing employment has & tendency to keep tha laborer steady when there is labor to be had. . The knowledga that he may be withont employment is an inducemont to him to luy by a penny fora ramy day. Let the State promise bim labor at sl times, and it holds out a preminm to carclessness for the future. All thison the aseumption that it wero practicable for the Gov- emnment Lo enforce the right of the laborer to employment. But it is not practicable. The _amount of labor that can bo utilized depends on the demand for it. The demand depends on the smount of capital existing sud secking pro- ductive investment. Government caomof in- crense that amount by its more flat, and thero- fore cannot create a demaud for lsbor whers, when = things aro left to themsclves, thero is move. Wherever and whenover there are the means of cmploying Jabor, Isbor will be employed. The interests of capitalists and laborers arc one. Whore capital exists, it must bo used, directly or indircctly, in the employment of laborors or perish ; and it is never tho interest of its owner that it should ‘bo wasted. When laborers aro idle, it is either Dbecause they will not work or because thero is 1o capital that can bo used in giving them work, unless tho employers are willing to submit to & loss. This thoy are not willing to do, If, nor, the Stato steps in and taxes tho commaunity to support cortain laborers, what is the rosult ? The first result is that the owners of property aro uojustly deprived of it. Taxes levied by Government, to afford employment to laborers, is wealth taken out of the pocket of its owner by the strong hand of Government. The levying of such a tax for seuch & purpois is dividing the wealth of ths capitalist with the laborer. It s a covert way of effecting » community of goods. 1Its ef- fect is the same, so fa1 as the ownor is con- corned, a8 if it was taken from him and divided amorg the laboring class. Bub there 18 another point to which attention must becalled. It is this: The lovying of taxes to afford employ- ‘ment to laborers out of work docsnot and cannot accomplish that for which it is levied. Bince such levy only transfers wealth from individuals to the Government, the individuals who have been using it in manufactares or otherwise will now be compelled to discharge their bLands. Their capits!l having been diminished to the extent of the tax, they will be obliged to dismiss o number of hands, which will bear the samo proportion to the whole number of employes before the tax was raised that the tax iteelf bears to tho amount of capital used by them in the support of lsborers. Indeed, more workmen must be discharged on account of the levy of the tax than the Government will be able to cmploy by its means, since the amount that reaches tho tressury will be less than that of which private enterprise is despoiled by all the cost of its collection. The amount of capital in & country that can be used in the support of labor remaining the same, tho demand for labor re- mains tho sume, and by no possibility can Gov- ernment find employment for more. It can flad employment for one thousand or ten thousand only by throwing more than one thousaud or ten ihousand out of employment. The dootrine of the right to employment {8 the negation of property. As Proudhon says: ¢ Give mo the right to employment and I give up tho right to property.” Wien tho laboring class laya claim to such s rigbt, it claims 8 privilege greater than any accorded to any other. If the lab rer may demand that the Governmont shall pro: {de him with labor, may not the merchant ask inat it shall find him cus- tomers, the doctor patients, and the lawyer clients ? In the last analyuis, the demand means that tie State ehall do everything and the indi- vidual nothing. It is a demand that civilization shall retrograde instead of advanco; for the 1aw of tho progress of civilization is the growth of individuality, of personal independenco of tho community, and tho restrictiou of the sphere of government. Governments were institated to defend tho individual against tho many. The advocates of the right of employment set the many over the individaal, and meke of Govern- ment an institution to pillage the individual for the benefit of the mass. Could they carry out their principles, they would make the State an orgaaized robber, to guaranteo to the idle, the improvident, the spendtbrifts, and tho drones of Bociety the results of the sweat and toil of the thrifty and the sclf-denying. THE S0CIAL WAR AT WASHINGTON. The time has come in the history of the Re- public when quostions of rauk und etiquotto have acjuired vast public concern in official circles ot Washington. The gradusl disapposr- ance of the forty-four million reserve ia of less moment than whether Mrs, A, by virtue of her ‘hnsband’s office, is entitled to precedence at the dinner-tablo over Mrs. B, the wife of another official. The Virginius question is of compara- tive insignificance alongside that other question, Shall the wives of Sonators moke the first calls upon the wives of Cabinet Dlinisters or vice wersa? In the olden time, every well-bred lady mueinteined her own social position by racoguizing the cquality of all other well-bred ladies. In those days, the official rank of the husband, no matter how high, did not entitle the wife to any social recognition which she might not otherwise claim. Ladies took their position upon their own character and sccomplishments, without reference to the rank of their husbands. The times have changed. A new goneration has suc- ceeded ; and now rank furnishes the recognized credentials to soclal position. The President’s family is, of course, always exceptional. The wife of the President never calls on any person. Bat after the wifo of the President is conceded her position, then comes the question which just now agitetes Washington City to its centre, viz.: In what order shall the wives of the Vice-Presi- dent, Cabinet officers, Chicf-Justice, Associete- Justices, Senators, Representatives, foreign Ambassadors, Admirals, Major-Generals, Com- ‘modores, and Brigadiers take precedence ? Upon the decigion of this question depends the relative position of these Iadies at state dinners, snd also of tho momentous point, Who shall { tico Chuse was & widower. Dut, now that his succesaor is to be appointed, the social position to be occupied by bis wife becomes highly im- portant, or at least is g0 regarded. The wito of Atrorney-General Williams has excited personal { Lostility toward herself in official eociety at Washington. This has proceeded so far 2s to result in .open declaration of war between the pro-Williams and the anti-Williams factions. The President has nominated Williams for Chief- Justico, whereupon society is up in arzs lest the wife of & Cebinot officor, tabooed by certain ladies of equal rauk, may, a8 the wifo of the Chief-Justice, take precedence of all her encmies, and, ranking next to the wife of tho President, domand the first call from the wivesof all othor ofiicials, and ontrouk them all- ab state dinners. It is stated that many dinners aro now given ot Waehington where tae host avoids all controversy and squabbling among his gucsts on thesequestions of precedenceby giving a separate dinner to the members of each class. In thus way offense is aveided, and there is no unscemly exhibition of .ontraged Republican feeling by putting Mrs. ‘A at a higher placo at the table than Mre, B. This is a truly noble invention, bat it doos not solve the present difficulty. This social war, 0ddod to other things, has probably cooked the dish of r. Williams as Chief-Jus- tice; end, unless the President eball select a widower or a bachelor, ho must see tnat the wife of his appointee is not objectioneble to the wives of the other officials, aud that she will not ect up o claim to tako precedonco of other ladics in the social world at Washington. ‘Thore havo been exciting questions concern- ing ofticial etiquetto at Washington bofore, In 1898, Gen. Eaton, o Senator of the United States, married Mrs. Timberlake, who had been Peggy O'Neill, tho daughter of a tavern-keoper. A yoar later, Gen. Eston was sppointed Secre- tary of War by Gen. Jacksoa, whereupon old scandals, rifo during her former marriage, wero revived. Society made war upon Mrs. Eaton. The wives of the other Cabinet officers declined to visit her; wives of & portion of the Diplomatic Corps refused to recognize ber, and the indigni- tios were carried to tho oxtent of refusing to sit at the same tahle witn ber. But Gen. Jackson stood by ber, and this brought on & Cebinet crisig, ot tho end of which Gen. Eaton was appointed Minister to Spain. +Mrs. Eaton’s after life was even more painfully troubled. She ‘married for ber third husberd a boy of 19, who seven years ofter robbed her &nd ran off with her granddaughtor. The other case was that of Tadame Catacazy, the wife of the Russian Min- istor. She was o hondsome woman, highly accomplished, who had abandoned her first busband. A portion of Washington socioty got alarmed at her advancement, and & war was made upon ber, whioh ended in the demand that Catacazy be recalled by tho Russian Govern- ment. How or when the present social war will end nobody can tell. The President has made & point on having Williams confirmed. He is re. puted to be & very obstinate man, aad, if he sticka to his purpose, something worse than a Cabinet crisis msy ensue. 7 BISHOP CHENEY ON BISHOPS. It is gratifying that Judge Williams hes re- fused leave to file the supplemental bill in the Cheney case, which proposed to bring the Re- formod Episcopal Church into the controversy, The issue between Bishop Whitehouse and Bish- op Cheney is complicated enough in its various legal and ecclesiastical relations while confined to tho trial and degradation of Mr. Cheney as o member of the non-reformed Episcopal Churen. While Mr. Cheney was & recalcitrant minister of tho Episcopal Church, his Bishop was justified in meting out the full measure of cauonical law; but now that Mr. Cheney, with others, has set up a new Church, which he had just as much right to do as Martin Luther or King Henry VIIL, Bishop Whitekouse would go outside of bis domain in following him there. Incident to the examination on the admiseion of & supplomental bill, Bishop Chenoy’s views on the Bishopric wore somawhat fully brought out, and they ato of special interost, becauso Mr. Cheney was once in the attitude of resisting a Bishop, and is now » Bishop himeelf. The fol- lowing extract from Lix evidonce shows his opin- ion on the subject : Q.—Do tha members of tho Evangolical Church par- ty deny that the Fresbyters and Deacons are amouabla 10 thelr Bishop respectively 7 A.—They aro amenablo to what is callod, in the ordi- nation-service, his * Godly sdmonition.” Q.—Are they not ameuable, nccording to the view of snch Lvangalical party, to such Bishops, in matters of government and discipline 2 A—If 1 understand tho question, I should say s Presbyter in the Evangelical party regazda bimsclf s amenatlo to any duly-organized esclesiustical court, not to the Bishop. Q.—You bave stated that thatparty regarda tho Presbyter as nmenabie to the Bishop in respect to Lis “ Godly udmonitions.” What Godly sdmouitions ? A—1 do not know—vary with circumstances, I sup- me. Do sou mean tossy thet tho smennbility depends upon wiether the admonition is Godiy or not? A—Tdo. Q.—V¥hio fa to be the judgo of whether tho admoni- ticus are Gouly? 'A.—The consclonce of the person admonished. Q.~Thea each person is amenable, after all, to his owa conscience? A.—Guided by tho Word of God and prayer. Q.—And each individual is to be the judge of whoth- er the given case of admonition fs Godly ornot? A.—As to whether it 13 in accordance with tho Word { of God, which is the ultimate test of Godliness. Q.—Is tucre any autbority to determine in fald Church, according to the belief of said Evangelical yarty, whether such admonitions aro Godly or not? A.—The suthority of tho Word of God. Q—Theu it comea back to the point that each men 1sto determnine for himself the whole queation after all? A.—Not by himsclf outside of the Word of God, but Dy that. Q.—But he judges whetker the admonition is in con- formity with tho Word of God 2 * A—Emtly, Q.—And healone ? A—Yes, sir, Bishop Chenoy is entitled to ‘the credit of be- the samo views 28 a Bishop tbat hoheld as a; subordinate, It will be admitted upon redecr| tion, however, that the Bishop's authority in the Reformed Episcopal Church rests on s elight and variable foundation while it is subject & 1 the dictates of conecience, which differ eve among the most honest and devout men. Th Romon Catholic Church, ard, to some etter, the Episcopal Charch, take the guardianshipf the consciences of thicir members; znd:to Bishop, being high in authority, is proviéa with canons, customs, traditions, and assakd respect with which to enforce hisjm- thority. But. if' Bishop Chenev's conshie- tion of » Bishop's prerogatives be the oftial dofinition of the discipline of the Refoned Episcopal Church, that Church will certeinlyeed all others in liberality. Copscience is stnde~ finable sort of thing, which, nutlrmmunfi;!g its distinct recognition in moral philosophy &3 the make the firss call ? A special flurry has erisen over tho now vacant Chuef-Justiceship. Judge Taney was Chief-Jus- tice until 1884, but his wife was sdvanced in years and was not seon la society. Chief-Juse high. piace it occupies or ought to octpy in evory seliool of ethics, may play hate with church discipline. Bishop Cheney's cofrienco found s stumbling-block in single worbe tke ing consiatent in so much 28 he holds materially! A4 4 time when marine disasters aro 80 numer- DATLY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY. JANUARY 2, 1874. erate” in the baptismal-servico; an English clergyman not long sinco halted st o phraze he was required to read in the burial-service ; how long will it be beforo some clergyman of the Reformed Episcopal Church will discover a word in the new ritual, the utteranco of which will smite his conscienco ? It is truo that thero have been diesensions snd sccessions in the Roman and Episcopal Churches, but the rocog- nized discipline of thesc ofgauizations has exer- cised a restruining influence on them, and they have been comparatively few in number, Bat the Church which starts off with the fundamen- tal principle that tho dictates of overy lergy- man'a copscience are superior to canons and Bishops is exceedingly spt to devclopan ua- usual number of recalcitrants. We do mot say that the principle is false in morals, bus it certainly secms to be subversive of digcipline, which ias heretoforo been regarded as the chief aim of cburch organization. To follow out Bishop Cheney’s views logically wonld lead to the ‘inquiry why the Reformed Episcopal Church bas- begun its lifo with two Biehops who are shorn of authority bot by pre- copt and example. Why did not tho Reformed « Episcopal” Caurch drop tho Episcopacy when it had decided thet tle chiof suthority should be the conscience of every individaal, who may de- termine at all times whether an adminis- tration -is Godly or mnot? The Episcopaey is o different matter from the pricsthood. The latter offico is one of ministration. Tho minister has well-defined duaties outsido of the cxercise of any authority. Ilo interprets the word of God to his hearers ; holds a congrega- tion together and uites peoplo in worship; he visits the poor, comforts the sick, and exer- cises a direct pastoral influence over his flock. Tho Dishop, on tho other baud, is, by name, position, and the uature of his ofiice, an execu- tivo oraJudge, and presides over the discipline of tho Church 28 & wholo, To take sway his an- thority is to leave him as Bishop in namo alone, a useless and costly suporfluity in an orgauiza- tion whero discipline is subordivate. The Lber- ality of the Reformed Episcopal Church, 28 ia- dicated by Bishop Cheney's utterances, wonld have been moro generally understood if the of- fico and title of Bishop had beoa left out of the organization. BMILITAEY EZPENDITURES, Assuming thas Congress is Lonest in its pur- pose tocut down tho cxpenses of the Govern- ment, as the best method of offsctting the esti- mated deficit in expenditures Tor the ensuing fiscal year, it will find an admirable opportunity for ratrenchment in the expenses of the military establishment, Thero isno dopartment of tho Government which ismore extravagantly ad- ministered, in the very face of tho fact that this wasteful expendituro is necdless, and is mouey literally thrown away, Duricg the War period, it was inevitable that the expenses would be vory large, snd the War slso entailed u great increase. in the pension list, which cannot be cut down sod must Te- main for a long time & source of expense. Bat, when the War closod, there was » very netural expectation that tho military exponses would be materially reduced. This is no the caso, however, us the figares will show. The expenditares for the pass fdve years have been as follows : It witl be observed that there is o steady de- crossein the years 1869, 1570, and 1871 In 1872, however, the dectoaso begins to halt, aud is virtually unimportant. Tho expenditares for tho current year will considerably oxceed £35,000,000. The estimates for the ensuing fiscal year aro 58 follow: War Department... 3lilitary establishment. Armorics and arsenals. Foruflzations........ Military Academy repairs This shows an increase of over 25,000,00f which might bosaved. There is no valid reason why the expemses mext year should be any greater than those of this year. Wo are at poace with all tho world now, and thero is no reason to suppose sny dilferent condition of things nestyear. Should such an cmergency ‘happen, however, it will be timeenough to spend mouey when tiere is a necessity for it. The absurdity of this expenditure is well shown by the Cincinnati Commercial, which takes ths mwouble to mske a dotail- ed compuison, itom by item, between the mili- tary espses of tha United States and Great Britain, shich fornishes some startling facts. Iuclodisg pensions, our mulitary cspenditure foots up mearly $75,000,000 per year, and our army mmbors 82,55+ men. The total cost of the Esglish military cstablishment, including pensias and the militia, per year, is but a Littlo over §0,000,000, and sho gots for it o regulsr army f 128,968 men, bosides the militis, volun- untees, and reserve corps. While we pay £340400 per year for West Point, Great Britain peys€G69,500 per year, and has eix schools of thelighest grade, averaging, therefore,buta little over8100,000 each. While our Quartermasier's Doartment costs $15,635,00, Great Britain pas but §10,600,000, with an army four times 8s lage. While the DBrilish estimate for army trsportation is 1,300,000, the United States esimate is 34,500,050, Summed up, the British gldier costs his Government $543-per annum, 0d the United States soldier $1,200. With such figures as theso before them, there im0 reason why Congress should not efect a arge saving in the military exponses. I addi- tion to this, they furnish a rational hint that the lospenditures are not only extravagant, bat also Iprofligate and corrupt. ] ous, the suggestion that the marinor's compass is ffected by iron stesmships onght to promote an investigation of the subject among scientifio men. Such a suggestion has been made in the Nautical Gazefle, in sn article citing several instancds of magnetic dewiation caused by tho unoqual distribution of heat over a metatlic hull. It has been noticed when one side of o vessel has been exposed to the burning rays of the sun aud the other shaded. It is aleo 8aid that the altoraste bands of the tepid Gulf Stream and tho cold Polar water, met in the pas- sago from Liverpool to New York, will occasion such variations under metallic influsnces, Alihough the English press, in eriticising President rant's message, say that 1t will be Dbetter for the United States to let Spain settle its afMairs in Cuba in its own way, thereis o stroug sentiment in England in favor of that Government joining the United States in the effort to terminate the barbarities of the Cuban war, and ot the same time bring sbout the aboli- tion of slsvery on the island. Iler Majesty's _Epileapl! prajaz-bock. . Ho stopped ab ,'Bonn- 1 Governmens was momarialized. t0. this, effach i nent wellfaro of capital as well s that of indastry | of the House bill. that paper eays: 5 would have been more in accordance with honest getion,— ! cliarzed that Sepafor Wright's position on this in June, 1870, and sgain in 1972, and | now for the third tima tho Dritish and Forcign Anti-Slavery Society have addressed a petition fo tho British Sccretary of Foreign Affairs to Dring the matier again beforo the Government. The Society has information concerning the salo of 10,000 or 15.000 emancipated elaves in Cuba by order of the Ceptain-Genoral, the proceeds of tho ealo to b devoted to relievo thp ombarrass- ments of the Cuban Treasury. This aetion is not only violation of stipulations with Great Buitzin, but also a violation of the Spanish law, being expressly prohibited by what is known as tlio Moret Emsncipation law. It is not unlike- Iy tiat tho barbarities of tho Cuban strugglo and the question of slavery will receive some consideration from the British Patliament. NOTES AND OPINION. Tho Legielaturas of Tllinois, Ohio, Mirnesota, Missouri, Louisians, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Maine will assemble noxt week. —The Iliinois State Register,apaaking of recent demonstrations in’Chiczgo and other large citics, say: “The truth of_the whole matteris meetings in 1672 their n: workizgmen's demo: the pouticions, banke di into puslic proper ingnicu for bread or that the Republican 2] sequence in the ons now, Tuo howiag of and lsnd-grabers for another ", ieads to the cry of tho work. ¢ rk; and Logau, Oglesby, aad 3urton shouting for higher tarite, aud larger boun- tles, and higher taxes. were but the forerunners of Ticffman 2ud the Polish refegee shrieking for bountics from tho locz] governments, and an aggrarian division operty. 6 meaning of all this is, that the righta which should have becn left freo to be enjoyed by zli the peoplo alike wero being barterol away and poners conferred upon special interests which in turn wero nsed ns a means of oppres- sion, ‘this phase of cur political history, we are rejoiced to say, bas well nigh passed sway. But tlhiere muy yof remain iu full force tho evils which it created to be subdued and brougkt into subjection to the supremacy of the princi- ples of eaual rights—the end for which all good government was institated. To sc- complish this end the people are organiziog and consolidating their forces. If the Republican party is to remaiu in poner it must adopt_their causo and champion their interests. Bo far as we aro concerned it will do go: because in that direction wo discern tho opportunity to accom- plish tle greatest good which auy party of the future can render 1o the people, ~ The ~perma- demnsands that corporations shall be made sub- gervient to those principles of equity on which the pgeneral wellero rests.—Janescille (Wis.) Gazetle. —Undoubtedly the country will be called upon to pay tho deot of the District of Columbis, swelled by Bowen, Shepherd, and the other ring- sviudlers to about $20.000,000. 3en and women will have their toys, aud costly ones too, and why not the great Government of the United States, and soonld not that be made to eonch tha scamps that have bad their arms_plunged elbor-deep in the District Treasury. It may be a little costly, bat_what mattery it, Uncle Sam is supposed o be rica, notwithstanding be is una- bleto pay his debts withont borrowing from $2,000,000 to $4,060,000 per month. But tho ad- difion of & few taxes upon the people will pay it all.—Aew Albany (Ind.) Ledger. " Itiot has run mad. ‘There weresome gorgeous displays of pyrotechnics last fall s yeer ago, ond many a beautiful rocket, exploding in the upper uir, painted upon the skies the glories of Graut- jem. Now we Lave the shower of sticks. The axiom of the children's game is true: * What foes up must come down."—Terre Haute (Ind.) Gazlle. —If the people want honest and sober officers instoad of corrupt, thieving, drunken and de- bauched ones, they have no business to elect men to high, responsiblo official positions with- out firet taoking thomselves fally ncquainteld with their characters and habits—I¥yandotle (Kan.) Gazcite. —At the present time this_country presents eomo remarkable contrasts. Under it present Administration, the {arifl robbery. the subsidy robberies, the land-grant, and Credit Mobilier robberics, aud the salary steals bave mzde the poor poorer, and made the fow enormously wealtby. Those who by theso means have be- come rich, together with TFederal officiels, Congressmon, pets of the Administration, and lobbvists bave congregated at Waehington to rovelin o hich carmval of corruption. . . . In the larger cities, thousands of men are with- out monot or work ; their families suffering for food and shivering with cold.—Osfkosh (Wis.) Times. —Wa beg leave once more to call tho attention of Cobgressmen to the fact that the people, es- pecially in the pinch of thess “ hard times,” ar m no humor to be trtled with in this mat- ter. . . . . There will be ascttlement with all aspirants for Copgress who do mot como squately up to the mark, at the election next fall.—Grand Rapids (fich.) Eagle. —Tho people aro in earaest ou this subject.— Pillshurgh Gazelte. —We are glad to credit the Codar Rapids Re- publican with & word in favor of the full and honest repeel of tho salry-grab law. Spesking with a sincere dosire for the repeal of the salary law—had the redaction been made to teke effect at the beginning of the present session of Con- qress.”. Ve fesr the -Republican will taie this back when it discovers that it has in substanco peiut savers of dishouesty. He, although as— suming to lead tie movement for Tepeal in the Senaic, has steadily declined to pormit such re- peel to take effect at tho beginning of the pres- ‘ongress. That he has not been generaliy sed for this by the Republican papers of tho State, shows cithor a very high estimato of his judgment, or very little of the spirit of in- Aepeudence on the part of these papers.—Bur- lington (Iowa) Tiawk-Eye. —A dissatistied, turbulent, and rebellions con- atituency must producs more or less effcct on the average Congressman, and when the wnole country 1zises its voica against the thievine and corruption which has disgraced the tional Legislatare, is it to bo wondered at that high ofticials, wise in their generalion, and with an eyo to the futare, should be making their prep~ arations to stand from under, or, like rats, be ready to desert the sinking ehip? . . . The hard times of the last few mouths are vaturally enough mainly attributed to the inefficiency and mismenagement of those in power, £o that, added to all other eirs of omisgion and commis- sion, if a general election were to be held to- mortor, tho Republican party wonld be hurled from its bigh estate, and forced into an oblivion which knows no waking.—Nashville (Tenn.) Be- publican Banner. _— PERSONAL. Jobn H. Putnam will act as private sccretary to Gor. Allen, of Olio. Tho widow of Gov. Marcus Morton, of Massa- chusetts, has just deccased, aged 86. Mayor Browa, of St. Louis, haa left for ilon- tana, or Nevada, or Californis, for the third time since his clection, to look after lis privato in- terests there. The Rov. Dr. Newman, the Methodist clergy- man at Washington, who i8 now on a tour round the world 2y au inspector of C onsulates, was thrown from his horse at Canton, China, aud severely injured. It is supposcd that * Honest Joe Hawley ™ will squaro bis sccounts with B. F. Dutler us soon after tho holidays as tho business of the Houso will permit. Ben, i this instance, has’ taken hold of the wrong man. *‘Ilonest Joe” is too much for tricky Ban, s the latter will lesra to Ius discomfiture before the scrimmage is over. —Proridence Star. ¢ N. O. Perkins, for the past two years con- nected with the editoriai-siafl of the Jilwaukee Sentinel, it is reported, 18 to assume editorial coutrol of the Quincy Whig; and Paul Selby, of tha Whig, will take editorial chiargo of tho Tlhnois Stale Journal, vice E. L. Baker, soon to go abroad as Consul. E The Young Poople's Christian Association of the Methodist Church, at Pittatield, Maas., hav- ing lost 3100 by the Bev. Dr. Newman Hall's lecture. have canceled their engagemonts with Bret Harle and Thomas Nast. Judgo Morton, of Topeka, Kan., while on his wey from conrt o fow days since, was accosted upon the street by s genileman who desired to know why ho had not been recognized. The Judge,in reply, stated that the face was familiar, but he could bot remember where he bad seen it. Tho upsliot of the business was the calling upen Archie \iiliams, who introdaced Col. C. A. Mor- ton to Judze Morton, the stranger being his ‘brother, whom he had not seen for years. years' row between Geor, Wasl bo:tles, closing Lis ruli- : a2 4 tho battle of I g cimo to this cou Brought wiclh him o slate—just thy Tt o which thero are hunfreds in our eomrmon sciools; not quite the tams kind, either, for ;ogug:llabm nowadars Lave o Lid that” gei roges ree times a fec. s term and bavoto bo mended 1 due imo the revolutionary: propri the sl2:0 transmitted lus name ;uglfi:fii?:gz to = son, Seth Spencer, aud then wes gathore: to his fathers. Seth was of fiehtine stock, and & atraieht Republicay, aud when tho noplea. antuess ocenrred between Great Britain and the United Statcs in 1812, ho tool: dawn the old maakct that did servica ueder Washiugton a6 sorved througl the war. returning ot its close to his bome in Vermont. whero Jebiel Spancer, s0n, was born. The slste did duy for Soth 8chool-days, and whon Jehiel got big enoagh 10 ““eipher " it was bequeathed t0 him. 7 Jehuel grew to mou's estate. became the he ) family, and among Lis clildren was Jr. I, S. Sphncer, now of Warren Counzy, aud one of the truest men of Iowa. During tho scheol bours'of our good neighbor tho oid slate % -t his constant compauioh, and whea they wi ended and bo camo West it came with bim asd now docs sehool daty for bis children, generation of Spencers gineo the America founder of the race landed on tho shoren of 2 New World., The gencological record of thio ¢! slate wonld not be complered without ko stz ment thet it is uubrokea and sound 23 tho ¢ it was quuricd. S UNITED STATES SENATE. Curiositics of the New Congressionul Directory. Washington Correspondence of the New York Grazfuc. Maj. Ben Perley Poore has issued proof c of the valuable Congreasional Dircctory ho piles a8 *Clerk of the Printiug Reco Laking the Senate for illustraiion, one finds that there is one Senator, Simon Cameron, vrer 74 years of azo; and onc, Dorsey, of Aritan just tarned 31. ' The next youngest is Con of Tlorids,—both _carpet-baggors. Precee; runs in the new South. Spenca, o is but 37 ; Patterson, of Souta Carolina, Dot give his sge, but fooks about 35, Tuers ara besides those named, two Senators whose ages are 83; two of 40 years; two of 42; threo of 45: four of 44; one Of45; eix of 46 years; o 47; three of 49 years; three of 50; two of 51; the same of 53; ono of 5i; four of 55; tho same of 56 ; £wo of 57; three of 58 veara: threo of 60; one of G1; one each 62, 63, G4, 68, and 63 years of age. The latter is the _venerublo and urbane Gov. Buckinglam, of Connecticut. Thera ars two elderly Senators who ecem anxions to conceal their ages. One is Gen. Logan, from whom Poorc hss never been ablo to wax thag secret. Logan must be over 50, but he esems to ave found the secret fountain' of Ponze o Leon, and pever appears to growa day older. The otler elderly gentlemen who doesu’t Lice to consult the rogister of his birthis Gilber, of Florida. TLe ubited 870 of the seventy-two Sen- ators now in tho Chamber is_over 3,000 jeaza— beiag, without counting Gilbert, Logan, ami Palteraon, whose ages ara not given, 2,970 yeurs in the aggregate. Adding 150 for the threc gen- tlemen named, the total will be 3,120, or an 230 of 43yearsand 4 months for each. Aaw.l be seen, t¥ far the largest number exo very prime of life—ffty-two of the whoi Ler being letween 40 znd 69 years of ag Tho natirities of Senators are thus Pennsylvania claims eight Senators those who represent tho State; Ney ¥ has six Sevators, including Messrs, Cox ling and Fenton; Maseachndetts has five so) in the Seuate, including her own Senats Now Hampshire, Rhode Island, Veramous, Maine, and Connecticat aro ropreseniad by native-born Senators, while Vermont aud Maino give two to other States; Ohio Lss four of her sons in the Chamber, including Jobmn Sherman, acd Virginia has_five, includiig tio two senators of the State; New Jersey Eas tv native-born Senators, and ane other clainia State as his birtplace ; Maryland claima tires Senators, herown and one otler; Delaware, Georgis, and North Carolina claim their Sonators a9 nitives; illinois and Indiana homes to £wo Senators from each, Gov. Morion and Gen. Login_both being born in the State they represent; Louisiana clairs her Senator as anative; Alabumais the birchplace of one of the Texas Serators; South Carolina has ope native-born Serator; Michigan the same; while Germany and Wales ato claimed for Schuiz and Jones. ‘Twenty-iwo States hold the birthplaces of seventy Senitors, the remaining bomng borr abroad. Sixteen of the present Semstors have beeo Goveruors of their respective States, several of - them Gerving tvoor threa terms. Seventoer Senztors have served in the House of Ropresen: talives, one twelve and two others ten yeats each ; threo hava served eight years cach, twc six years, and two others four years each. Fou Liave been elected Prezidential Electors ; several otbers ran for tio samo bonor. Thres hase been Licutenant-Governors, one Vice-President;” two in the Cabiwt. Tureo have been foreign Ministers, one 2 fommissioner of Internal Rev- enue, and another of Indian Affsirs. One hes been Surveyor-Gaeral, four havo been Chief- Justices in theil respective States, and nine have held judicial positions. Five havo been Attorney-Generald or 1 their States as District Attornest There are thirty-nine who are desiznated as Ewyers, and three others who havestudied law bit donot practice. Twonts-fonr Senators claim a cllegiate education ; wmnetecn what they term “ aademic ;" two wont to Wost Point, and sixteen jpeakof going to the common or public schools i their educational propar- ation. Of occupatbns and professions besidea the law, there ore £k who write themselves a3 painters, one as a évil engineer, two as railzoad presidents, one us aminer, enother as e coal- miner and banker ; thres claim to Lavo been printers and editors,one is put down es editor, two a8 manufactiren, two es phyeicians, five ag merchants, one as 8 hmber-merchant; two speak of themselves as havng loarned the carpenter's trade, two bave had tie right to add “reverend? to their names, thoagh neither arevery reverend in character (I refer 0 Brownlow and Tipton); ono other has been a 2acher, a college profcssoz, lawyer, Major-Generd, Washington corre-pouds ent, Minister residet, editor, and cow United Statea Scnator (I referto Carl Schurz). As ta military sorvice, it apjears that there are five Major-Generals whoierved in the Union Army, and two who served inthat of the Ccofederacy. Ritunlism inNew Yorl City. From the Nev York Tribuzie. The services of the 3. Albaus' Church on Christmas Esc are sually worthiy of secial mention, since it empltys a more elaborate cere- monial than aoy otler Protestsat Fpi Church in the United States. Decorat forns, evergreens, aud jutumnleaves we: fully arranged upon thifont and pulpitand in the sancluary, whils fran the arches above tno chancel were hung in gacefal folds heavy braids of evergreen. The ormments of the sancinery were brilliantly {ilominited by numorous cate dles placed about them. The evening's devo- tions beganat 10 o'clo& with vespers, dur- ing which bsptism w2s administered to gev- eral caudidates. The nusic of this service, including Perabeau's * Magnificat,’ had been pre- pared with care, and W& fincly rondered. At 12 o'clock began the sclehn celebratiou of the Holy Eucharist, a_ceremipial to be witnessed olsowhere ouly at the chirches of St. Ignutics and Mary tho Virgm. Thy procession made tte round of the church in tht following_order aud iu tho vestmenis menticed: 1. Thurifer in black cassock and cotta ; !. Crucifer in_pusple casock and_cotta; 3. D¢y choristers in Lice cassocks and cottas; 4. Bamner of the anuncis- tion; 5. Men choristers ix black cassocks and short surplices; 6. Banter of the Butivity; 7. Two taper-bearers in red eassocks and roche:3; 9. The colebrant, the Rev. €. Morrill, in 120 alb and damask sill cheauble. —_———— Williams as a Pay-Grabbere FFashnaton_ Correapondenct of the New York HeralZ: Among the past incidents in the ofiicial lifo « £ Attorney-General Williams, which are nat_ kel ing bie confirmstion as Chiof-Justice, is tho fact that, when apnoisted a member of tha Board of Visitors to West Pomnt, duriog: bis Sec~ atorial term, he_chargod and took foll milesgo from Oregon to West Poirtand back, a.nountiiz to nearly $3,000, although he had, the sam) Vear, charged asd taken the samo mmountas mileage due him as Sensior. This qu_dgm- less lézal, but ahould & man_who will it in such sharp practice put on the erming Chief-Justico " significastly sk Senators- A New Picture by Churche From the Atcadfan. F. E. Church has jnst completod ono of tbs An Old Slaze. Iargest landacapes hohas painted for along time, Pyom the Des Moines (1a.) Retster. the size teing abont 7 by 5 feet. 1 w2 Any ove that has ever ngured in politics | painted for Mr. Joy, of Ditrolt. Tho 5esrs 7 0 Knows How easy it i8 to havo .+ slate smasbed.” | Synan landscape, with bigh bills and precip e 7 In fact, this country was tarted by the smash- | valloys. On the summitif the hm!v e of a slite for King Georgo. Bat that kindof & | modiate foreground, aro tle ruina of A ECH o slato aud tho slate we are writing sbout s of | temple, bathed in the goldn light of the .3 Yery different kinds, Exactly 100 years g, in | ani, the besms boing sofpued by ther piassy 1772, Joun Sponver cams ovar tha ccesa from | Lirough the ist-charged b L ot