Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 22, 1873, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO DAILY 'TRI TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TEEMD OF BUBACRITTION (PATANILE IN ADVANCE). Reaetoen S 08 | iy kit Partaot ayoar at tho snmo rato, To provont dolay and mistakes, bo sura and give Post fiico address in full, including State and Counts. Remlttancos may bo mado olther bydratt, oz iress, Post 3ice order, or in rogistored lntters, at our risk, TENMA TO CITY AUNRCHINERA, Daily, delivored, Bundas oxcontod, 26 cente por weok, Daily, doliverod, Sunday included, 2 conts por wook.* Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Coruer May and Dearborn: Ohloago, IHl. TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS, ACADRMY OF MUSI0—Halstod stroot, botwoan Mad- tson nnd Monrae. _ lingagomont of K. A. Sothiorn. ** Our Amorioan Cousln," MVIOKER'S THEATRE—Madison stroot, botwnon Denrborn nnd Stato, Lngagomont of lotta. ** ZIp, or Polnt Lyndo Light.” *Altarnoon aud ovening, GLORE, THRATRE~Desplainos straot, botwoon Mad. fson and Washington, Engagomont of Birol, Wambold, aud Backus' Ban Francisco Aliustrols, MYERS' OPERA-IIOUSE: Monroo stroat, hotweon Dearboru ang State. Arlington, Ootton, aud' Kemble's Minatrole, ** Simplo Simon,” Miustrelsy and comicail- HALSTED STREKT. OPERA-HOUS sted wndHarrison stroots. " Maolivov's nivon, " TAIRD UNITARIAN CHURGCH—Corer Monroo and Laflin straots, Locturo by tho Rov. Minor J, Bavage, Bubjeot: * Lauglitor {n Earnest." Cornor Hal- Now Llibor- DR, KAIIN'S MUSEUM OF ANATOMY~Clark strooty botweon Madison aud Monroo, BUSINESS NOTICES. MOTHERS MAY DEPEND UPON IT, TRYING and eritlcal tndeod fs thio toailiing Jorfod, but rollof fs af- foniod by tho timoly uso of Mrs. Windlow's” Hoothing- . Di. SOHENCK'S STANDARD REMRDIES.—Tho standard remodics for all_discasos of tho lungs aro Relioucics Baimondo Syeup, Sobonels Son Wood Hanic, llnd Schm:;:k“l nlnv‘;du\kc ‘l‘l;’,‘:mll‘. l{f“lkedu boforo tho s ato deatrosed, n eneody ¢ura {n oifecto 'E3 1080 threo modicines Dr. J. 1. Hohmok, of Phila: .delphia, owes Lils unrivaled success in the treatmont of ‘pulinunary discases, o Pulonie 83rup ripons tho morbld matter fn the Jungs; naturo throws it off by an easy oxpeotoration, fory Tlen iho phicgm or waiter ts riye, & slizht cyughy will Throw 1t olf, thio pationt has rost and tho lungs begin to eal, o’ enabln the Pulmonto Syrup to do this, Schonok's 3tandrako Pills and Sohienck's Soa Wend Tanifo_must. by frooly unad tacloano tilo womaohani liver. Schonok's andrako Pills act on tho livar, romoving all obstruc- Tolax tho gall biaddor, tho bile stasts frooly, and tho lfver is sopt rollaved. Schenolla Sea Woad Tanto is & gantlo stimulant and altarnativo; the alkali of tho sea woad, of which it i3 cam- posed, mixes wilh tho food and provouts souring. It ase aiats tho digestion by toning up the stamach to a health condition, 50 that tho food and tho Pulnono Syrup will mako good blood; thon tlio lungs hioal and tho patiout will suroly got Woll, if caro is takon to provent, frea oold, ‘Al whowish toconsult Dr. Schenok, oithor personally grby lottor, can 4o a0, freg of charkly nt s principal offico, eorner Sixth and Arch strote, Philadolphls. For a thorough oxainfuation with lis respiromotor, Dr. Behonck ch Hchenel es 85, cdicines aro sold by all druggists through. The Chiage Tvibune, Monday Morning, December 23, 1873, The beneficial effect of tho now Constitution of Pennsylvania is already becoming apparent in Philadelplin. A Uallot-box stuffer has been arrested for tho offenso committed during the vote on the adoption of the now Constitution. If the Constitution had been rejected, it is not likely that tho arrest would have beon made. It is now Delieved in semi-ofilcial civcles in Washington that tho President will withdraw tho namo of Mr. Willinms, whom ho nominated for tho Chiof-Justico's place. As a legal gontloman in New York enid a fow days ago, there may bo groater danger in Gen. Grant's ** socond choice,” when big ¢ first chofce has turned out so badly. The appointment of Prof, Agassiz's son us his successor to the Presidency of the Anderson 8chool of Natural History on Penikese Tslond ia & matter forsincere congratulation toall who nro interested in tho success of the project. Tho name of Agnssiz will continue to bo associated with the inetitution which the Iate Prof. Agassiz organized, and Mr. Alesandor Agassiz's fitness for tho position has already been demonstrated. ‘When Coronera grow dishonest and small-pox Qoctors swindle, thore must b something * rot- ten in Denmark.” The latest instance of this sgort is the Coroner of Brooklyn, N, Y., who is charged with holding bogus inquests, the papers beiug mnde out upon physicians’ cortificates, and charged foras if the inquests had been held upun tho bodies, 1n addition to this sepul- chral dishonesty, the taxpayers of that city have 3ust discovered that thoy have paid, during the year, for 623 bogus cascs of small-pox, in view of whicn it is very clear that somo membera of the Braoklyn Board of Iealth need thorough vaccination with the virus of honesty. Tho Coroners and small-pox doctors having caught 1hio mania, wo are now propared to beliove oven that sextons and undortakers may como mext. ‘Who {s safo ? E— Wo print this morning a letter from Yokoha- ma, deacriptivo of tho chango of Ministry which occurred in Japan o couplo of montha ago. It is cliefly intorosting bocause it illustratos tho marked changes that have boon madoe during tho last fow years from tho rigid regime which had obtained for long centuries beforo. The immo- diate occasion of tho Ministerial erisis was tho war with Coros. 'Tho anti-foreign party favored tho establishmont of an imposing army and n grand fleot, with the purposo of restoring tho ancient condition of igolation for the Kingdom. Dt the Mikedo sided with the foroign party, though thoy wore in the minority, and, after Yemoving the Ministers who wero opposed to him, filled their places from among the membors of the Jupan Embassy, who have been traveling among the principal countries of the world during lato yoars, aud who aro cssentially pro- gresaive in all their idons of government sud iuternational interoourso, [ — Washington dispatchos intimate that our cop troversy with Spain over the Virginius affair is not yet sottled; that tho Government will not bo able to establish tho fact that the Virginius was entitlod to the protection of the flag; that tho Medrid Governmont will shortly demand tho Virginius back again, ss well as the passengors and crew; and, lastly, that tho English anthor- Ities sustnin tho Spanieh authorities in thelr position, Asall theso points, according to the terms of the protocol, are yei to bo sottled by a Prizo Court, it begine to look s if tho Becrotary of the Navy s growing fearful fhat ho may not got his spproprintion, end, therefore, is manufucturing another jnstall- montof war-sentiment to forco it through, If this kind of thing ia golng to continue any length of timo, the only cycapo from tho conse- quonces of tho bolligorent disposition of tho Socrotary will be found 1 tho proposition of the Prosident to sond him up the River Amazon and its tributarios after otr loat commorce, ¢ The Ohieago produce murkets were generally oasins on Suturday, with less business transacted tban tho average, Mess pork was maderately retive, und easier, closing at $18.90@14,00 cash, 07 14,00 scller February, Lard wes dull and por 100 1us lowor, closing at §8,20@8.25 cash, urll 30,80 goller U'cbiuary, Meats wera loss activo and firm, at 5%o for shouldors, 0}{@Te for short riby, 73¢c for short oloar, all boxed, aud Bi¢@04ge for aveet picklod bams, Iighe wines wore fnactive, and unchanged ‘at 900 por gallon. Drossod hogs wore more nctive, and 200 higher, closing nt 86,00@5.95 per 100 1bs, Flour war quict and stendy, at 85.60@6.76 for good spring oxtras, Whoat was loss notlve, and 1o lowor, closing strong at $1.185¢ onsl, and 81.143¢ #ollor Jonuary, Corn was genorally quist and weak, but closed strong at 6240 cash, and 630 sollor January, Oats woro more nctlve, and firmer, closlng at 87!¢o cash, and 873{@1734e sollor January, Ryo was quict and stendy ab 76@700. Barley was moro notivo and firmer, closing at §1.84 for No. 2, and 81.04 for good No. 9. Livo hogs wero quiot and losa firm, olos- ing nt $4.60@4.80, Cattlo nnd shoop wore quict and unchauged. The difference botweon the French and English syatoms of dealing with great disnstors is aptly {llustratod in the cngoof the Ville du Havre. About the time that n requiom maes was sung in Ilnvre with imposing coromonics, the English authoritica ordered o formal investigation into the rosponsibility for tho disnster. The French started o publio subgeription for the bonefit of thoe undisciplined crew, who might have saved more passengers if it had not Leen for their demoralization. Whilo this twas o vory,generous thing to do, it was uot so just, nor so much in tho interest of public eafoty, as an offlcial in- quiry into the canse of tho disaster. Tho stato- ment made by Capt. Roborteon, of the Loch Earn, which we publish this morning, strengthons tho impression, already givon by others, that the dis- aster could have boon avorted if tho Villodu Havro hiad beon monaged with ordinary prudence and skill; and that, after it occurred, many moro lives could hiave bean saved if the crow had boon under propor discipline. Publio safety demands the fullest investigation of this malter from France, which exercises juriediotion over tho Company, oflicors, and crew of the Ville du Havre. Wo givo this morning the curious rosulis in this city of tho offort to raiso what 18 known ag tho ‘* Tipporary Fund,” Something moro than a year ago thore was an election in Tipporary in which the Irish candidate was defeated by o Britisher. Though there were only sbout 1,100 voters in Tipperary, tho defeated candidato in- curred oxponses amounting to about £40,000—a good deal more than ho was propared to pay, A Commissioner was sont over to Chicago to raise fuuds to meot tho deficioncy, and, at & meoting held yesterday, thosumof £2,119,75 was reported a8 havivg boon collected, This was doing very well, but the report also showed au oxpendi- ture of $1,085.10, presumably incurred in meking the collections. This loft only the sBum of 963465 as ! result of the year's work, which was furth:a duced by a sum of $250.60, coneisting ol sub- seviptious cither roported twice or unpaid. The net proceeds of tho Tipporary Fund are, there- fore, £274,05, or about enough to take the Bpecial Commissioner back to Tipperary. Ac- cording to this showing, it is not likely that tho defeated candidates of Tipperary will'evor again, apply to Chicago for assistance in paying off olection dobts, A very large miNting liold yestorday at tho West Side Turner Mall, to consider tho condition of tho workingmen. The moeting was orderly, snd wns addressed by various spenkers in the ILinglish, Fremch, German, Scandinavien, and Polish langungoes. Tho sentimenta wero to some extent very radical. Tho gencral ground taken was, that it wag tho duty of the Government to flnd work for tho unemployed laborers, and among the resolutions was one to march in procession to- night to the Council Chamber, and present a pe- titfon demanding employment from the city, This latter proceeding, as well as the domand iteell, is, to'eny tho loast, of questionable propriety. The presentation of memorials by large bodica of men fs mnot the cus- tomary mode of doing public business. This mentorial can be presented by & committes just as woll in the absence of o large procossion of men s fu thoir presonce. The petition goins no force, nor can it claim groator importance, becauee thoro is s body of several hundrods or thousands of men outeidp the door of the Coun- cil Cinmber, While the petition will, of courae, be respectfully recelved, it must be remombered thiat tho City Governmont is just now with groat diMculty dovising means to pay for labor already performed. It has not a dollar at its command with which to hire anybody to perform ahy kind of worle. Novertholess, the holding of the Tur- ner Hall meoting will undoubtedly load to good reaults in turning public attontion to tho dis- tressod condition of the unemployed classes, aud enlisting active offorts in their bohalfs OUR PRESEN CONDITION, Tho nffairs of tho City of Chicago are just now in a condition which appeals strongly to tho patriotism us well as the pecuniary standing of overy citizen. Tho city is pressed for monoy. On tho 1st of January every dollar in the Treas- ury will bo nocded to pay interest, loaving tho city threo months in arresr in its curront ox- pouses, and with a floating debt reaching a mill- ion of dollara, Tho city hes no money and can issuo nobonds, It can only depend on tho tax levy of 1873, tho rato of which haB not yet been {ixed by the Comamon Council, or upon tempo- rory lonns in sntleipation of it. Theso taxes can Lo made payable within thirty days, but their compulsory collection csnnot take placo for six months to come. The city holds somo balf million of dollavs in cortificates of tax salos, which, after to-morrow, will bear intorest at the ratoof 25 percont. Any porson, desiving to oxtricate the city from its proseut embarrags- ment, can find no more direct snd immedinto means of doing so than paying ovor the monoy to the Comptrolier, and taking somo of these certificates, seoured by a lien ou roal catate, and boaring 26 per cont intorest, Another moans of affording roliof to the city Is by the prompt poy- mont of taxes, & moasuro which we think would bo largoly adopted if the Common Qouncil would fixtharata of the lovy, and aliow the Oollector to compute the tax, Atpresent, thomost willing tax- payor 8 cut off from opportuuity to pay, and this, too, whilp the city is anfferng in every depnrtmont for want of money to pay current oxpouscs, ‘To add to tho porploxities aud difioultios of the situation, the hoalth of Comptrollor Hayes hinsbeou such as to render it impossible for him personally to take charge of his oftice, and it is doubtful whether ho will ba able to glvo it that unvomitting personal attontion that the omer- genoy domands, Itis oven probable that his rosignation may ho sent in st #ny timo, With Mr, Hayos as Comptroller, Mayor Colviu'a inox- porlenco might bo ovorcome to o great extont; but without a firat-oloeas Comptrollor, tho Mayor 18 completely at ses If Alr, Hayes' Lealth la g0 soriofsly impaired thint ho cannot'nct, tho Mayor must find anothor porson for the ofice whoso namo will ingpire confidonco. Without that, ovorythiug fs loat. Tha disagroomont botweon the Mayor and his party frionds in tho Council is most unedemly and dlgoreditablo, Tho publio dkigonclos demand tho sinking of sll other conslidoratious for tho public good. Indeod, the mistake of the Mayor was in recogunizing twenty-threo Aldormon, or any other numbor less than the wholo, as,com- posing tho Common Council, and committing to thom almost axclusively the manngement of tho publio business, As a whole, his Financo Com- mitteo [a at this timo & dotrimont to the public crodit inatend of boing a valuable aid. If evor thero was an oceasion when public dangor and public nocossitins demanded union and harmony in tho City Govornment now is the timo, Insomo respeols, tho situation is worso than 1t waa aftor tho firo. Tho soventeon Aldormen whd hove beon snubbed, or considor them- selves to live beon snubbed, lave olgo & higher duty to perform than to *'get oven" with thoir advorsaries. Mo bo quibbling sud quarreling ot this time over quostions of precedence and otiquotte, or the clnims of offico- seckers, ia disgusting in the oxtreme. Bhbould Mr. Hayes' honlth not permit him to nssumo the nctivo dutles of tho offico, wo trust tho Mayor will drop all party prejudicos, and seolt at onco some citizon of wall-known abllity and integrity and appoint him Comptrolier, and lot him opply limeelf at onco to the offort to diseutanglo tho city finances from thoir presont terriblo confusion. Such an officor eannot im- modiately restoro tho ‘moneylost from the Treas- ury, but his appointment will eatablish that con- fidenco in tho City Govornment which is just now a8 much nceded o8 tho monoy iteelf. A month hng nenrly passed awny since the now Govornment was insugurated, Dolay is fatal to tho credit of thegity. Prompt, intelligent action is needed, and to this the Mayor and Council must address thomselves at once. MR. GAGE'S TY AND THE OITY. Tho statoment is mado that tho Mayor, Cor- poration Counsel, and Financo Committeo have docided to accopt Mr. Gage's proposal to turn over all his property to them in liquidation of tho doflcit iu tho City Tronsury, only on condi- tion that Mr. Gago's bondsmen will entor inton uew stipulation that they will make good any Qoficit that may still romain aftor the conver- sion of tho property into cash, 1If this i thelr final decision, it amounts to s refection of tho offor,—no position which the people of Chicago will not ba likely to approve. To ask of Mr. Gago's bondsmen s stipulation that they will make good any deficit that remains over and above what shall be realized from Mr. Gage's property, is to ask them to enter into & new con- tract binding thomsolves de novo to pay a do- faleation that has already beon mado. It is ab- surd to auppcs‘e for one moment that they will agreo to auy such stipulation. It wounld bo o' voluntary aet of forfeiture of any and all rights and immunities they may have ac- quired ag bondsmon, by reason of the clty's noglect in oxeyeising due diligence over tho safe- keopivg of the public moneys, Thoy would thereby surrender their charactor as bondsmen of the ex-City Trelsurer, and absolutely guarantes the payment of money due the city from David A. Gage. If is out of all quostion that Mm Gago's bondsmen will consent to any such sacri- fico of their rights as bondsmen, whatever theso rights may be. T'his demand on the part of the Mayor, Cor- poration Counsel, and Tinance Committeo is not only foolish becsuse of tho unlikelikood of compliance, but it i unnceessary, 3Mr. Gago's ‘bondsmen will probably enter into a stipulation that, if the city shall accopt Mr. Gage's prop- orty for yhat it will bring, they will not permit it to affecs their present liability ns bondsmen one way or tho other. 'This wonld bo the situa- tion in any case, and the bondsmen will probably have no objection to accepting it. JMr. Gego's bond is a8 follows: ‘David A. Gnge, George W. Goge, John A. Rico, 7. H. McVickor, Albort Crosby, N, P. Wilder, Jobn B. Shorman, and- William H. Tucker. David A. Gago, as one of his own bondsmen, steps for- ward and offers the city all the property he owns, to bo couverted abd sold in liquidation of the defleit, o far as it will go, without stipulating that tho othor bondsmen shall be released from any of their lisbility, Ho simply saya+ * Tako oll my property firat, aud I will transfor it with- out the delay and expense of litigation." Tis proflor is, therofore, in tho nature of additional security, siuce oll his property is turmed over without taking the beneflt of suy rights that may have accrued by negligence on tho part of the city, and sinco the other bondsmen aro not rolensed. It would be manifestly nnbusiness- like and shortsighted for tho oty to refuse tho offer becauso the othor bondsmen will not enter into & new contract absolutely guaranteoing tho payment of o dofaleation alréady made, « ‘Tho city should treat this matter as if it wore an individual, the firet consideration being the rocovery of the monoy. The property which Mr. Gage offers to turn over will very likely cover tho doficit. His dofleit, outside of tho money in tho banks (for which amplo sccurity con bo obtained), and including the intercst, is $352,000. Put tho tollowing valuation on the property he offors to surrender : Atwood Farm (valued at $300,000) Tywo lionscs on Michigan uvenue, Tuterest in the omnibuo busd Riversido bonds (par valio $160,000, 10 per cent)... Personal proper thie amount of $100,000). ally h ess (valued at Evon at this low valuation, the proporty comes within less than $20,000 of making good the on- tiro doflcit, including tho Iutorout, 1f Mr. Gago worsdealing with o busingss man undorsimilarcir- cumstances, the business man would be likoly to avail himsolf of tho offer, without domanding that Mr. Gngo furniwh an entirely now bond, which hio caunot do, T'hio clty's caso ought to bo managed in the same way, and all thal can bo demandod of the bondsmen, with any reasona- Dle Lope of compllance, is a stipulation that the soceptance of Mr, Gogoe's offer shall not affect tholr prosont liability ono way or tha other, —r foot in Bpringfleld with regard to prison reform in this Stato, by the issuc of an nddress to the public, signed by varlous offielals connected with tho Penltontiary, Reform School, nud tho various publio charities, nsking for gonoral co~ opevation in eastablisbing this roform. ‘Iho evils specizlly complained of iu the addross are tho imposition of inadoguate or of oxcosslvo sontences ; the Ineflclency, expense, and evil influenco of counflucment in idlenoss, \vl!hout seclusion, in thocounty jails; thewantof proper classifieation of prisoncrs; the improper and unjust confluoment of witnesses; tho lack of Rafoguards accompanying the pardoning powerj the universal and indlsarimivate ¥: MONDAY. DECEMBER 22, 1873. diatrust of dlscharged prisonora; tho errors, in- couglstonoles, and absurditios of the criminal Inw; nnd the needloss snd_expensive delaya in tho ndministration of justica, Thore is no doubt of tho need of roform in ench and every one of thoso particulars, and those who aro interestod in such mattors should lend tholr «co-oporation to tho movomont, A moeting is to bo hold on tho 20th of January noxt, when tho timo for holding a Btato Convention will be docided upon. Monuswhile, those who desiro Lo Identify them- delves with It should nddross Miss Lottio Moore, Sprivgiicld, Iil., the Beoretary of tho Committeo, which now has the direction of tho matter. THE NATIONAL BANERUPT LAW, Tho dlspatehos from Washington stato that tho early ropoal of the Bankrupt law has beon ’nhcelmd by the arrival of numorous petitions ngainst tho pnssage of tho bill, which was eo summarlly rushed through tho House a fow days 8go. Tho vote in the Houso wne apparently based upon the idea that, if thelnw waa repealed, debts could no longer bo collected. Togialation in bobalf of dobtors is nlways in order, especial- ly in timen of panlo, and the vote of the House shows that tho law {8 at tho present moment uppopular. Novortheless, wo aroconvinced that its unpopularity originatos not 8o mueh in any injustico of tho law a8 in o hasty judgmont thnt ignores the protection afforded by it to both debtors and creditors in o degreo nover attained beforo. by any law in this country for tho collection of dobts. The leading principle of the Bankwupt law na it stands now is simply that in cases of insolveney 10 ono creditor shall be sblo to tako the preco- deuco of othors to their disadvantage or to the difadvantago of tho bankrupt Limeolf. Tho op- pononts of the lnw complain of the facility with ‘which one unroasonablo creditor may now throw a debtor into bankruptoy, take hisbusiness out of his hande, place it intnocontrol of an assigneo who docs not underatand its dotmils or the gon- oral policy of its managomont, and éo to somo extent destroy its value ; whereas, if loft in tho hands of tho dobtor himself, ho might so twist aud turn as to pay off his debte In full, and como out without the discrodit of having been n the bankrupt courts. This, however, is supposing an oxtromo casc not applicable to ono ina hundred of the cases in which petitions are filed. People scom to have forgotten the old jay- bawking procoss Dby which, prior* ta tho enactment of the Bankrupt law, any unreason- ablo craditor could suo out a writ of attachmont, pounce down upon the debtor's most valuable and markotable property, soll it at auction for Lalf or quartor of its resl value, and, having thus sacrificd thrico the value'of his debt and | crippled tho dobtor boyond rocovery, loft tho other oroditora uo othor alternative than to rush in and get what they could, Let any one try to imagine what would have beon tho result had theso facllities for lotting the larpies of tho law looso upon overy one who has failed to meot his obligations during the lnst threo months. Tho groat incentise of getting moro than their cquitablo sharo of ,the dobtor's prop- erty, the chance 8¢ gotting pay in full, while all olior croditors might Lo compolled to take ono- half or one-fourth of thoir claime, would have impelled thoueands of oreditors to adopt this courso, Thoro would now be & shower of writs, tho courts would be full of suits, and thou- sands of lawyers would be growing rich at the exponse of both debtors and creditors, and, naide from tho injustico to creditors who were disposed tobe forbearivg, the Lankrupt's sub stanco would be much more largely absorbed in logal expenees than undor the Bankrupt law as it stands mow. At present; tho law bids every ono keep “Lands off™ tho dobtor's proporty until the Court decides whother lie is insolvent oruot. If it finds 'thét bo Is not, it rofusos to grant the petition for an assignee, and the debtor hos reason to bo thankful for the protection of the law. If, on thoe other hand, it is found that ho is insolvent, the Court bids every creditor come in and take his cquitable propor- tion. But in this distribution the Courts aro bound to requiro that tho property shall bo so managed that it ehall yield the most possible, that there shall bo no forcod sates ot unfavora- blo times or under any circumstances that would sacritico tho property at less than its real value. For this protection of their interests it seoms to us that creditors have reason toregard tho Bank- rupt law a8 thoguardionof their intorests equally with those of the debtor. Finally, the Bankrupt law gives the debtor o discharge from all his debts, and pormits him to begin lifo sgain freo from the incubue of dobt, which, undor the old laws, hos crushed the encrgy of many a man for lifo. Wo aro inclined to tho belief that the wholo~ some restraint which the Bankrupt Iaw imposcs upon creditors has beon & potont influenco in tho restoration of confidenco sinco tho panic. Romove thia rostraint and it is not improbable that the engerness of crod- itors to got tho better of each other would cause o ronewal of some of its wors: fonturcs. At any rate, to use dno of the homoly illustrations of Ar. Lincoln, it is a bad time to swap horses in crossing a stroam, and until the country huny entirely recovered from tho offocts of tho punic ond all branches of business ara in the full tide of prosperity again, it will bo a most dangerous exporiment to change the lawa for the colloc- tion of debts, 2 MORE BOGUS RAILROAD -SUBSORIPTIONS. The Legal News publishos the opinion of the Bupreme Court of Illinois, delivered last winter in thocaso of the Chioago & Rock River Rail- road Company agaiust tho officors of the Town of Montmoreney, in Whitesido County. Itapy poars that, upon the petition of olaven taxpay- ors, an olection was held in tho town on the question of voting $560,000 in town bonds in aid of said rallroad. Tho olection was hold Aug, 28, 1809, and 77 votos wore givon for and 84 against the subgeription, This was o majority of the logal votors voting nt tho eloction. A special town meoting was held in Mey, 1870, to xeconsid- or this subseription, and the vote was 60 for and 1 against reconsideration. Tho towi offlcors thorofore refused to issuo the bonds, and suit was brought for mandamus to compol them to doso, The Olrcuit Court granted the manda- mus, but the Bupreme Court reversed the do- croe. As tho circumstances of this caso |robadly cover most of the other subscriptions (o that rallroad, and perhaps the subsoriptions to many other roads iu tho Btato, a briot statoment of tho grounds upon which the Court declared tho whole proceeding void moy bo of importanco, Under tho éharter of the Company, towns wore authorizod to pubscribe tothe stock of the Com- pany a8 8 whole, The road was to run from Tock River to Chicaga, 'Llic Town of Montmo- ronoy was authorized Lo subscribe for stoclk in the whole rond, aud get iu a part of it, Undor the by-laws of tho Company, the road was out up lato divialons, and the notlos of tho election re« clted that it wna to detormine whether the town would subseribo 850,000 to tho atock in tho firat diviaion of the road, u(ondhig from Rock Falla to Amboy. A soparato and distinct stock lesuo wag mado for enck divielon. As tho town wns ouly authorized to voto stook for tho whole rond, and s tho oleation was for vating stock for ono of threo divislons, tho subsoription was vold. Iutho cloction notlee it was recited that the bonds to he {saucd wore to bo fu such fopm as to ontitle them to be rogiatorad under tho law of 1860 (Railroad-Grab law), but that ot provides that {ts benofita shall not oxtend to any honda or dobt, unless tho subscription was voled by s majority of tho logal voters of tho town. Asit nowhero sppears tuat tho subscription wns votod for by o majority of tho logal votors living in tho town, but bnly & majority of those voting, tho Supremo Court declare the wholo oloction null aud void, Other countios, citios, and towna in the Btate, which have issuod bonds to theso rallway companies, can, in the light of this decision, investigate how far the oloctions woro valid, and the procoedinga in conformity to law, . GOV, BOOTH'S TRIUMPH. Nowton Booth, tho presont Governor of Cali- fornin, was on Saturday elected to the full term in the United States Sonato, beginning March 4, 1875, Tho courso of tho ballots is shown as fol- lowa: * g # ' Dee, 16, Dee. 17, Lee, 18, Dee, 10, Dee, 20, Booth, Ind.. 86 8 [ £3 [ Yarley, Dem, 40 4 41 99 a8 Blalter, It V) 20 a 20 20 Seatterfug, W 1 1 % Total...1§ 118 10 18 110 The Legialature, oxcept eighteon Senators liolding over, was elected in Soptomber aftera canvags of Bonatorial and Natiowel issues, in which Gov, Booth appeared as the champion of a Now Parly. Whon it assombled, tho momber- ship of the Logislaturo was assumed (by old parly: managers) to consist of forty-one Inde- pendents, forty-two Democrats, and thirty-soven Republicans. No account was to bo taken dr allowed for the fact that in many districts tho Indopondont movement Liad openty eaptured one or the other of tho old party organizations, and the menagors of both tho old parties rallied at Bacramonto, oach to onthrono King Caucus as usunl, and to make common cause against o common davger. That nothing might oo lack- ing as o bosls of trade, Mr, Cassorly throw in the romainder of his Sonatorial torm and came in porson to help boat Booth. On tho ono side was the combined party power and tho con- solidated monoy powor; on the other: side, Booth and the Independent movement. In the organization of the Logislaturo, Booth's supporters were successful by 68 votes to 57. Bubsoquently, twoof the Independonts appoar to bnvo yielded efthor to blandishment or the Insh. Bome others wavered for o timo, but thoy did not yield. While hope remained that Booth miglt be beaten, the Oapital swarmed with as- pirants open to a trado; but hope had fled » woek ago, whon it was definitoly proved that not cnough members could bo brought into the caucusos of both the old parties to make a trade succossful. Then, as tho balloting commenced, the remnants of the “two parties” foil off into sullonness, awaiting tho inevitable result. Thore now remaing to bo olected s Senator for the unexpired torm of Mr. Cnssorly, end- ing in 1875, whoa Dooth's term bogins, That fragmont of a torm was, a8 wo have enid, part of the capital stock against Booth; at all ovents, ita marlot value does not appear to havo contributod to Booth's election, The Indopend- onts having now the sssured power to confer it as they will, and having promised it to no one (so far a8 known), may very properly decide to hiavo Gov. Booth enter at once upon the national caroer to which ho is deatined. The legislativa session will not exceed eix weeks, and Gov. ' Booth, after ho has approved such wholesome measures as will bo passed for the restraint of tho Central Pacific Railrond power in Californis, may tako his seat in tho United Btatep Senato at once, with every promise of groat usefulness to his State and’to tho country. The dispatches this morning indicate, however, that Judge Hager, of San Francigeo, will be elected for the short term, Fortunntely, Judge Hager is also an Anti-Monopoly man, and the moral offect of Booth’s election will be. strengthened by the choice. A morning newspaper of this city gravoly ad- vacates, in one article, a proposition to abolish ,tho churchos, and in another article in the same issue proposes to re-establish the doetrino of bell. There are somo reasons why this nowg- paper should bo anxious to have churchos abol- ished. In the firat place, the attendants of churches do not patronize this nowspaper. In the second placo, the influonce of all churchos, whether Protestant or Cathelie, is prefudicial to it. In tho third place, leaving outall theolog- ical or even roligious considerations, the dis- courses preached in churchos aro on the gido of morality and good order in_society, which this nowspaper Lias generally discouraged. There ara cortain little difenlties, howover, standing in tho way of the nnmmr'mn. ‘Who is to abolish the churchos? How are they to bo abolished ? What ara wo to have in their places ? Thero havo been rumors aflont for some time past that ite managers havo become converted to Spiritualiem, and hold froquent seances, and that heronftor it will bo considerod us an indis- pensnble requisito to employment upon that pa ! por that tho applicant shall b ablo to tip tables, play invisiblo fiddles in the air, tie himselt up with ropos, go into trances, and do all his writ- ing with aPlanchotte. We mny, thorefore, assume that Spiritunlism {8 tho substituto which this papor will offor for fhe churchos, and that here~ oftor the spirits of tho departed will dictate to the young gontlomon connected with it their duily soribblings. After they bave bocomo adopts in the mechanical appliances of Spiritual- ism, wo may look for churactorlstic artioles from Judas Iscariot, Bolshazzar, Haman, and other dend and gono worthios, The change from tho spirita to which tho writers on thut papor have hitherto boen acoustomed will be au abrupt oue, but thoro is overy roason to expect thdt, aftor thoy have abolished the churches, they.will socon provo thomsolves adepts in the Religio-Philo~ sophical business, and re-establish hellon a firm ‘basis, ’ — How to introduce hubits of saving smong the {mprovident worldng classes of Europe is & probe lom which haa vexod philanthroplsts consider- ably. Buvings-banke In schools are institutions forthis purposs which huve boon very euccosaful in Bolghum, These ssvings-baukes for school obildron wora suggested by the hopolessnoss of inducing the adulé workmian, whoso habits of waslefulness woro formed, to practice economy. Tho first school davinge-bavk was justituted in Glient in 1860, fu the communal achools, It re voived doposits of oue frano, aud pald inter- et at,tho rate of 8 por cent & yeay, The suocess of the bank was very great, and {4 was apesdily adopted Ly othss sohools, aud by July, 1871, tho Ghent Achools, with 13,330 schol- ars, had 8,408 savingg-bauk depositors, A ydar Inter, the number of depositors hnd increased to 12,420, and tho nmount of tho doposits was 430,~ 227 francs, an sverago of nbout thirty-five franca to onch depositor, Tho opposition to the schiomo ceawo mainly fron the adult echools, where more then half the workmon rofused to become de- positors, M. Laurent, from whoso little work on tho subjict theso interesting faots aro gathored, belioveh that the savings-bank will in this way hecome a8 universal in Bolgium ns tho infant school, and that the saying of the ccona- mist . Rosse will be verlfied, that asylums and eavinga-banks would chango the faco of socloty, — Tho oh'lungo Times soys thoro is a rumor oflont that Tie Taigose had 380,000 of the city monoy, and wanta to know if it istrie, It.ls not trio. Tho Times hoard this rumor in tho anme way It hoord that Mr. Gage had fled tho city, and that all tha bauka had susponded, NOTES AND OPINION. : That tho demand for o repeal (notmesning a modifieation) of tho Congressional Salary act ia somothing mora than ‘““newspapor clamor," lob Congressmen rond and hoed : By tha Iliinoln Stato Graugo (non-political), the Mos- tors of 760 Granges being iu attendance, at Blooming- ton, Dec, 19, 1872 Oy Itewlved, 'That tho Salary-Grhb law, so-called, de- sorvedly rocoived tho condemuation of the Hougo of Tiopresentatives of tha st General Assembly, and wo #e0 o ood reason why similar action should fiot havo beon taken by tho Seuatos that we carnestly request tho members of tho preacirt Congress toyepeal sald Inw, By tho Illinols Biato Farmers' Association (political and now porty), 200 delegutes in attoudanco, 8t Deca~ tur, Dec, 18, 1670t Heaaleed, ‘Tht wo demand tho unconditfonal repeat of tho Halary-Grab law, the ropeal to ho retronctive fn ita nctton, nd this without a restoration of tho franke Inul\;fi\'flegn, . . . Also, soparately adopted ot the Decatur Convention, unanimously and with {he wildeat entlusiasm : WitrEAs, Presideut Grant was gullty of ushg his offirial position to wecuro the pasngo of the infamous Balory-Grab law, and Aid, ot tho closoof Lis Arst term, afiix hifs signature to the same, thereby msking it tho Jaw of the lund ; thereforo, Rredalved,y That thia Conventlon of tho farmers of Illinols, with sarrow, but in all candor, s in duty bound, do deprecato stich degradation of the exalted ~position of President of theso United States, Furthermoro, lob Congressmon and othor pub- lic thioves heed this symptom : The dolegato at Decatur who declarod for a law to conpel Con- gressmen who liad stolen money to hand it back ; that, ‘ if thoy aro caught with the money in their poclets, it ought to bo taken from fhem,"—was loudly chicored. The prospact that there will bo o plank in future platforms,—an issue, if ngod bo,—to regard public plunder 88 & part of tho National revenuos, is alreidy a prospect some- what larger than s man’s hand, —Tho Ogle County (II.) Reporfer has been very resorved, hitherto, but it now plainly tells Mr, Burchard that if ho comes home*with any ealary increaso or back-pay in his pockets, **Lis political careor is fnished.” —Lx-Congressmfn Weldon N, Edwards, of North Caroling, who diod Dec. 18, aged 85, was a membor of tho House from 1810 to 1827, taking his sent at tho ngo of 28 yeara, Ifo firab ap- Pam-ml among the hew membors after tho “gweop-our” of Congrosa following the at- tompted salary-grab of 1816, “when it was pro- poacd to_give. Congrotsmen’ tho. apnual pay of 81,600, Mr. Edwards lived to see a Congrotsion- ol salary-grab of 87,500, and in another yoar ho ‘would have lived to séo anothor **swoep-out,” —In the Rochester (Minn:) district thero was atio vto for Senator, at tho November election, betweon Wostfall and Beucdiet, On Dee, 16 Wostfall (Opposition) was elected, in an in- cronsed total vote, by 76 majority over Benedict, Republican, DBonedict had thie officoholding riug, tho party whip, sud an open campaign fund of $5.000"to mako suro bis olection in n county that gave Grant nearly two to nne of its votos, Weatfall had only tho argumont of those ovil timos, and, as ropresonting the hopo of re- | form, bo was elected, —The Kowanee (Ill.) Independen! deoclares (moro “nows upnr-clamor!‘? that the pooplo will not bo eatistled, nor will they acquiesco in half measures on the salary question, and says :* 1t certalnly now. looks as though tho action of Con- gress will be simply an evasion of tho demands of the people, and if such should be' tho casc, it ianot un- likoly that before tho session is over a * populir clumor” will be raised which will not bo pleasant to cencounter, —Wao soe but little use of talking about econ- omy &0 long a8 mon are willing to pay thousands of dollars for a seat in Congross. Of courso thoy oxpect to got the money buck in somo way, and the way, howover roundabout it may be, la suro to deplate the Treasury, The power to ro- formall these abuses i8 in the hands of the peo- ple. Wilt thoy make tho nocesssry roform ?— Camp Point (Ill.) Journal, —1i0 only remody is & new party pledged to oconomy and reform. Tha Ropublican partyhas had ample time to bring down expenditures to n minimum, hut they have boeu kept to a maxi- mum over since the war, and they are now sought to be mado highor &till.—Yorkville (Il.) News. -—The lobby members are on hand ; and thoir . achomes for bleeding tho Governmont already amount to over £540,000,000. Railroads want their bonds madg valueble by Government in- dorsement, aud all kinds of jobs aro clamoring for a slice from tho Nation's Trensury, Now tho Congressmen that canincrease the burden of taxation, oithor by aiding any of thess, jobs or by refusing tho closest public aconomy, are liko- ly to bo invited to stay at homo Lereafter.— Rockford (1Ul.) Keqister, —1'ho drones must bo driven out of the offi- cinl hive and their rations stopped, and the work- ing beos must bo made to earn the money that thoy raceive. . . . Tho Govorumont can economizo, firet by dispensing with unnecossary oflioials; and second, by discharging a groat num- bor of oxtra clerks who at prosant aro littlo elso | than political stipendiaries,~dJacksonville (Zil) Journal, c e o —Wo heveentored upon the downward slopain tho history of this Republic. It is a fearful thing for Congress to say to this country * {hat tho highest ofiico in its gift iu & position f«}& the attainment of woalth,"—Cleveland Her- ald. ~—Frecman Clarko introduced a bill for a pub- lio building in Rochester. . . . . 'Thopeoplo of Rochoster, in the, present state of the country and of the finauces of the Euoplo and tho Gov- ornmont, do not want a public building orected in Rochester or anywhero else, Aud they de- mand that the Government at Washington ~shall not only stop making appropriations for public buildings, but that it shall stop work on thosa commenced sud return to tho Trensury the moneys appropristed for them, Thoy insist that every object which calls for monoy from the pockeis of " the peoplo shiall be put upon the shorteat rations possible—out off ontirely if prac- ticable, and that not one dollar shall be expend- ed for anything not absolutely necessary to carr on the Government to tho simple ends for whicl it was established, and for which only it has » Tight to oxist.—LRochester (N, Y.) Union. —From the Atlantio to the Paciflo, the Jmoplu ory out “ Down with party resirictions and party dominion, Down with publioc plunder and pub- lio proslitution.” Tt is the voice of un outraged and jnsulted people, writhing under the galling yoko of party servitude aud party discipline, cn;lilqg eloud Tor vengeance.—Lallas (Ore.) Re- publican, . —Some Republican chiefs bave a superb scorn of what they soom not to know: _that each par- ty's blunders is marked by the public until thero is o wortous total, The littlo scores on the tay- ern doora becomoa-torriblobill at lnst,.—Harper's Weekly, —This balf-way work lsu’t what the people wauted, My, Haloas he stood hip in the storm of oxcitomont of yosterday aftornoon and do- manded * the unconditionul vepen of the not of March 8. 1878," oxprossed tho desiro and voiced tho demaud of the people, Yo this complexion snd to this result this thing must como ut last— if not by the graco of this Cougross, thon by the noxt.—Des Moines (I(Jwa?llfvywlul'. —The faos that poople huve resglved in thelr conventions that the law nufiht to be ropealed sooms to bo forgotten by tho Reproseniatives. Raponlod menug ropeuled ;' it , don’t mean madify ; and thd pross roprosonts the pooplo whon it asks for ropoal. It iy nob surprisiug that Butler should muke such an oxhibition of Lils disregard of public opinion, but it is smazing that kLo has so muny followers.— Wisconsi State Journal. —It {8 onr clear opinion,that it will bo quite as s#nfo for the mombers in the settloment with their constituonts, to do nnthlu?. ny to puss tho 16,000] bill, It is no far short uf what the pooplo expeot and domand, that it will, ho accoptod as adding jusult to injury, snd will increnso, in- stonu of allaying the popular indignution, We do not_rogrob this, On the contrary, Wo ure plessod to huvo this sgitution go ovorinto the ohoice of tho next Congross,which wilt probubly, when choson, finditself instructod that even tho old salary was muok too high j—and wo shall got what wag not oxpeoted_from this Congross, & E;“h“ reform in {bis respect.—Afiloaukes L THE PULPIT. Tributes to. the Memory of Agasgiz, Eloquent Sermon by the Rev, H, N, Powers, . What Dr. Ryder, Said of the Great Scientist. 7 The Defalcations of thé Present Day. THE DEAD SCIENTIST. Sermon by the Iev, ¥X. N. Poworsy of St. John's Ohurch. Tho Rov, IL. N. Powers, D. D., Ractor of 8t John's Churen, Inst ovoning dolivored a discourse upon tho lifa and charactor of Agnsiz, the great naturalist, whoso recont death hae moved te mourning and regrof tho entire world of science aud culture. Tho aunouncement of go intorests ing & subject drow out a large attondance, ana tho disconrse was listonod to with profound ate tention. Yor bis toxt Dr. Powers choso the fol lowing Scriptural pussagen : Tho works of tho Lord aro great, it Havo plonanro horolon—ba, exl, B ot Of thent A mnan shinjl bo commendod nccording to his wisdom, —Prov. xi., 8 The sermon wns 08 followa: Ono revelation of God is 1Tig matorial universe, and the mors we know of this tho bottorable shall we be to uso tho wondroua gift of lifo as it was designed, All knowledge is good, and that which instructs meu to be holy is the best. While we attach an infinite valuo to the word of God as expressed in tho Bible, wo must not forget that by the word algo wore made the things that are scon. God oxpressos Hitself in all Hls works. * Doy unto day uttorath speech, and night unto night shew- oth knowledge.” There is really no antagonism in tho revolations of tho Almighty, His written word, aud His inflnite works. Wo seo but o part now of tho perfect meaning,—onough to direct us to tho way of overlasting life, but not all that mpy contributo to nll the poseiblo advantages of man, Those who intorpret the meauings of the spiritusl and of tho physical universo aro both showing tho Divine thought and will. If they make now and then discords in - their uttetanco, wo,mny be sure that there is har- mony below them. Whalover man may say, God daos not contradict himsolf, While we_rojoico unspeakably that Ho has mado tha path of salvation so plain' that nono noed orr thorein 3 tlint Ho las ehown tho heavy-lndou & placo of' roat, aud thoso who hunger, aud thirst for righteousness how they may be filled, wo aro not to imaglue that no blessing. attonds tho dis- covery of the wonderful verities of His hands, which mon call Nature, or that in the uses of physieal knowlodgo thero aro nob_advantages in ® largo sonso to both body aud soul. A fair sight of what the greatsciontists have found out and reduced to practical usos would niot ouly fill ‘most bobolders with safonishment, but excito o })rnfuumi gratitudo for their agency in promot- ng our buman wolfare. How fov, for instauce, know or think, a8 they sond or receive tolegrama that aro ko important to thoir intercsts, of the long and Inborious studios that prepared the iay for modern telography. The samo may be said of the application of steam to locomotives, tho printing-press, photoga raphy, eloctrotyping, tho - tolescope and microfe copo, physiological _truth, and all the vast sub~ {‘ectn of scionce and its applications. A person enfflg in carnest in thopursuit of truth retircsto Lialaboratory or pursaes his studios,in obscurity in convereo with lonely Nature, and the bistiing world doos not givo him credit'for myeh usoful= ness thoro with his acids, or’ealts, or gases, hin #tones, and woeds, and bones, and insects, and sorapings of tho deop soa's “bottom; his strango instruments; his quiet indifforence to tho buosincss and plensures of mankind; yet what ko is discovering or inventing becomed in -duo time n mighty factor in the grent pross of the world's concorns.,, It appears in eanitary knowlodge; in the economies of industry sud commerco; in speedy transportation, time-save ing machivery, beautiful fabrics, moro wholo= some food, grander power over naturo aud hor possessions, more perfoct demonstrations of tha crentivo wisdom and benignity. Theso investi- gations, apparently so romote from the practicul concorns of life, show finally their iutimate con neotion with gverythiag of human intercst and udvantago, and thoso who aro doing most for man’s materinl good aro those who, to the com- mon oye, soem to bo engaged in tho most ums rnctical and uscless occupations, But pro- ound studies of the physieal world, however far removed they im{ scem from the utilitiea of life, aro " still tho richest - contribu~ tiona to this end. * They finally not only eventuate in human comfort and tomporal woll-being, but they co-operate with and supple- ment the kuow]edFu that, by its immediato res Intion to tho soul, is termod spvitual, It is, therofore, true thot great neturalists and savanta aro among the world's Lonefactors, Thoy oarn and desorvo tho applauding recoguition of their noble services to mankind, who, through them, are holped on to greator dominion over both Nature ond thomselyes, Of the most illustrious names that have prov mgqtod tho cause of ugoful scionce in the prosont gehorntion, nono s highor than that of Agassiz. Whild I am prevented by lack of time for due proparation to do auything like justice to tho lahors aud churacter of this noble student and interproter of the works of God, I bave too pro~ found o recognition of his grontuess to let the opportunity pass without giving at lonst some feablo tribute to his memory. Louie John Ru- dolyl Agassiz was laxgoly sud xichly oudoved. Hismind was fashioned ob acolossal'seale, His temporament was lively and enterprising; his rongoning facultios koen and comprehensive ; Lis nature dca[;ly improssible to all excetlon! influences, and his physical constitution of such n framo 18 to, endure the most luborious offorta and activities, His ently youth gave promise pf raro intelligence, aud it was Lis good fortuno ta receivo hig first insttuctions from & Christinn mothor, who waa gifted and ncnomfiliuhml beyond tho usual range of womaukind. He was tracte able and enthusiastic as a pupil, needing no stimulus but a love of learning to keop nglow the ardor of atudions pursuit. At an oarly aga ho had become intimate with tho naturalists of the Continent, who recognized and applsuded Lis gonius, and as & young man ho onjoyed tho {frieudship, among othors, of Martine, Cuvior, Scholling, Dollinger, and Humboldt. Bofore tha a0 of 30 hio was kuown to the scientific society of Europe, and had recoived honorablo distinc~ tion from universitios and lenrned bodies. With the most remarkablo industry, bo prosecuted in« vostigatipns covering flelds but littlo oxamined, and commending moro aud more his talents and attainmonts to the most accomplished scioutista of the world. Wo give any really intelligible viow of lus enormous labors through his lifotime would roTlim tho compass of & good-sized tréatiso, His work on tho Fresh Wator Tishea of Europo; on Iossil Tishes, which ocoupicd tou yoars of labor; the Zoological Nomenclator, containing an eoumeoration of all the gonera ot the animal kingdom; his Bibliothica of Zoology aud Goology; his valuablo papers on the Sohinoderms; his extensiva studios of tho glaciers and tho glacial system his Invostigations in clonchology ; his vast work antitlog ** Contributions to tho, Natural History of tho United Btutes ;" his multifarious contribue tions to popular science by papers in periodicalg snd journals in this country and Europe, aud by mjmorous loctures,—show the amazing for. u’l’u ‘of his genius, and his almost incredible ine duslry, : s During those fruitful and toilsomoe yonrs, bee pides proparivg for the press this vasi wmount of valuable sciontifioc mattor, ho hasy | made most diligent porsonal investigations over wide areas of the oarth to study physical faots. and to verify his theorios, 1le oxplored Ger muany and Bwitzerland on foot; wandered oyer the DBritiuh Ielos; pursued his oriticnl labora with the (éonxt Survey all along tho Atlantic shoros of tho United Statos; familiarized hime solf by persoual observation with tho goology of New York, (bo great Lake Superlor region and tho Rocky Mountaing; spent s loug porioé in the wildorness of the Amazon; aud, in faot cutriod biu studion in portionsof tho earth mod rioh In subjocts that could bost interpret this wonderful universe, . . A{fuaiz worked with & dofinite aim, and hil sludics wora undartaken with reforonce to some goneral quostion, and wado a tost of the valus and soundness of some goversl prineiple, *¢The papers and works upon sehmodorms simed at « classification of theso animaly, und a better ap: prociution of thoir structural difforences fron he other types, 'The mouographa ugu eliells, uva’and fosll, wore pre] with ¢ viow to testing the za wrod oles ia past sgan, aud :fihfl‘:tfl}:&&n‘ :w