Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 21, 1873, Page 8

v THE CHICAGO DAILY Tl'{&‘)oné&‘: SUNDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1873, T e e e L e T TS SO =y S S N TERMS OF THE TRIGUNE. Bl Parte of n year at tho samo rato. o provent dalay and mistakos, bo suro and glvo Post Offico address In full, Including State and Connts. Romittancos mny bo mado either by draft, oxpross, OMice ordur, vr i rogistored lottors, at wue risks TELMA TO CITY BUNSCRINENS, Dally, dollsered, Sunday eseoptod, 25 conte por wook. Dutly, delivorod, Sunday fncludod, &9 conts por waok, Addross TIE TRIDUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison aud Dearbor: Chteago, 1l al 1y, Post TO'MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS, MY OF MUSIO-~Hnlatod stroot, botwoon Mad- LA v Engagemont of I A. Hothorn, 4 Qur Amorican Cousin," ATRE-—Randoloh _street, botween g o b Tataltor A Gomava Cros Olark and LaSallo. M'VICKER'S_THEATRE~Madison strost, botween Dearhorn and State, Eogagomont of Lotta, ** Zip, or Polot Tyudo Light" ~Afternoonand ovening. LORE THEATE-Demlniuesstroot, botwoon Mad- 1oopan Wash Rt Taungoinont of Rireh WARIGI0, and lackus' San Franclsov Minstrols, MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE Monrao stroat, liotweon Donrboru nnd State. Arlington, Cotton, and Kemblo's Minutrals,” " liuplo Sio: “Miustrolsy aud comicull- s, : KT OPRRA-1IOUSE;;Cornor Hal- n&o’}i‘{fi;%gflf sireots, Muckvoy's ** Now Hibor- nicon.” v OHUROH—Corner Monroo and Lo teeiae actin by tho dior. Siiaor . Savazo. Subjoot: “ Leugliter u Eacncst.” 3 'S MUSEUM O ANATOMY—Olark w0, USEeED Stadiaon aml Monroo: i ——— BUSINESS NOTICES, ., A S FOR BOYS' CLOTHING. 0. O, o EARGTARTTE B0k The Chicage Tiibune, Sunday Morning, Decembor 31, 1873, A POPULAR LOAN. Wo understand that the Mayor will ehortly recommend to the Common Council o plan which has boon suggested to him for raising money to meoot the deficiency in the city rovenucs, This plan consists of {ssuing certificates of indebtodness of various sums, down as low as 2100, to be taken by popular sub- seription, payable at the end of six months, and recoivable in the meantime in pay- mont of city taxes. Tho plan i worthy of serious consideration, and it has cortain advan- tages which aro likely to malko it successful if it iy adopted. In the first place, it is imperativo that the city should have $800,000 or $1,000,000 botiwween this and the timo for tho payment of the next city taxes. Bonds amounting to 00,000 fall duo on Jou. 1. At tho same time, £468,000 intorest be- comes due snd must bo met. In addition to theso items, thero is a floating indebtedness of $1,200,000 folliug duo within tho noxt threo months, This is & total fndebtedness of over $1,700,000, part of which must bo paid and all of ‘which should be paid before Maxrch, "while the new taxes do not bogin to come in before that time. Tho availablo cash in the Treasury is less than 600,000, and the ndebtedness of tho city alrendy exceeds tho limit fixed by tho Constitution for the issuo of bonds. The city is perfectly solvent, since it las tax-cortificates emough to moro than eounter- Dbalance the defivioncy ; bus those cannot be con- verted into cosh ab the present time. Tho Bcheme of & popular loan is tho only one which suggests iteclf ng the way out of tho present cmbarragement. Such o lopn would ap- peal to the people in various ways, Tirstly, it would coable all those who desiro, to save the city from an act of bank- ruptey, which & default wouwld Lo, to con- tribute according to their individual means, See- ondly, it would afford abeolute sccurity to all who havo smunll sums of money lying idle, to in- vest it for u short time. Thirdly, all tax-payers to the amount of §100 would simply bo antici- pating by a few monibs the money they would Lave to pay the city in the end, and they would Do enabled to turn over their certificates when their taxes should become due, This plaw, though novel in ils application here, has beon found to Lo the quickest and surest way of raising money for public uses in other countries, It is the plan odopted in Franco even for great nationul loans, and the peoplo of that country have always responded promptls, and oven entbusiasticully, under the most depressing circumestonces. It will not be forgotten that the bull of the indermmity which Tranco paid to Gormany, after tho Franco-Prus- eian war, was contributed in this way, in spite of the impoverished condition of tho country, Tho popular losns bave always been subscribed there within a fow days, sud the people of the -middlo and poorer classes bavo been the first to come forward with their eavings. We sco no reagon why a similar plan ehould not be equally successful in Chicago at tho present time. It is, of course, the duty of tho Common Council, beforo approving such a plan, to satisfy them- selves and the people by legal counsel that such a loan is lawful and constitutional, and that the securities are unquestionably valid, Tu this cage, we boliove that the monoy would be forth- coming, THE PANICIN CHICAGO, ‘Threo months azo the failure of Jay Cooke & Co. iuitinted & financial panie, {he effects of which bave been folt in overy part of tho Jand. 1t not only arrested and dostroyed noarly evory speculative echeme that was in progrous, but for a timo paralyzed oll businees, It so do- renged financial affairs that all trado was sus- pended, and oven our gracery men served notico that they would xcll ouly for cash ou the nail. Iu the throo montha that have followed there has been o goneral posting of sccounts, Tho banks huva had a diflicult job in keoping above water, All thet had engaged in fancy oporations, by lending monoy to stock-gamblers and Lrokers, and dealers in moonshine, have puid eoverely. Nevertlieloss, tho bauks gonorally havo como out of the troublo, A fow bavo closod their doors, to open thom no more, but, a8 a wholo, thoy have passed through the ordeal safoly. Large sums of monoy had been invested in spooulative on- texpriges, and this monoy has, Lo o groat extont, boen lost. Cupital invested iu railronds through the dosort and the wildernoss hns beon suuk. Porsons havo lost woalth and erodit, but etill thero has been no dostruce tion of proporty which was thon yiolding fair return, Chicago was tho first commorcial centro Lo precluim a ravival of trade. We held the bread- stulls snd pravisions, and hither cumo tho first -idul-wave of nouey after the earthquale. Our sanks wore among tho first to resume tho usunl course of buslness, Discarding the mako-uhilfts resortod to by hanks clsewliero, they wero the Zrst to commoneo helping their customors, Tho Arado in our staple srticles of commeico beoamo # necoauity for the country, aud it ab ouce dvew from oll parte ‘he money wovesuary to varry it om. Onco bogun, it his nover coased, but baa continued incroasing untll it lon; sinco ronshod tho samo wnguitudo that wonld luvo boen atisined bnd thore been ho ponio, Drlcos, aftor tho first fow days, showed no declino, Whent and corn, cattlo and hogs, pork aud boof, have commandad thelr accustom- ed prices, 'The resumption of theso gront brauchos of trado had an ymmedints effcet upon all athers. ‘ho producoers, oblaluing cash for their goods in Chicago, woro not vnly ablo to pay whnt they owed hers, but to recommonco tholr trndo ag i1t lad nover boen ‘Interrupted. Tho dry goods, boots and shoes, grocery, and hard- woro trados soon got into muccessful oporatlon, Tho susponsfon of Dbenk dis- counts for a time crippled sud embarrassed operations, but the volumo of busiucss soon overcame this difficulty, Ono of tho first offects of tho panic wne the withdrawal from Chicago of nll the money liold hero for invest- ment in mortgage-loans, It was worth more in Now York and Doston, on equal seourily, than it wag {n Chicago, Ono of tho bost ovidenoes thnt the panic hos spont its forco i, that this money hae begun to low baclk to Chiesgo to bo investod inbond and mortgago. In fact, money Is castor to-day than 1t was ono yoar ago, Linst Decombor overy baunk intho city was corked as tight ng an oxhausted rocolver, aud this condition losted il tho middie of January, ‘Iho mosat sorious evidences of the late panic that remain aro the closed iron mills and foun- dries, and the dischargo of the operatives, Tho protracted suspousion of thoso establishmonts is due largely to embarassments of rallways and rallway-construction companles. The Texes Pa- cifie Construction Company had its paper all over the country; overy iron mill in i West probably lad a share of it. Other speculativo companies had thelr papor in the hands of theso mills ; and all this paper hos gono to protest. The panic stopped the building of raliroads in the wilder- noss. It also destroyed tho crodit of those on- gogoed in that business; and tho embarrassment produced by the failure of theeo companies has forced tho closing of mapy rail milla which otherwise wonld have been sblo to go on. The iron-manufacturing establishments of Chicago which have not cloged aro all doing o fair busi- ness. Somo othor manufactures havo folt tho panic, and, as a consequonce, there isanunusually largo number of mon out of cmploymont. These cstablishments, howeyer, are gradually resuming business, agnin employing their work- mon, and a fow weeks or months more will seo them in full oporation, We do not mean to say that there have not been bargd times during the panie, but we do mean to sy tint the roviving trado and commerco of the city bavo turned the corner of the panio, and, in a goneral way, aro removing all truces of its dovastatiom A very largo nmount of capital in this city is invested in renl esate, and truffic in that kind of property was arrested Dby tho panic. Excopt for immedinto usos, there Ling beonlittlo or noth- ing done in tho way of caeh sales.» Thero has, howover, been much dono in the way of sottling puyments by offectting onodebt with another,— sort of Clearing-Ilouso operation, a8 good a8 any other to get rid of dobts. This operation bas been successful in removing much embar- ragsement, and relieving porsous of large amounta of maturing obligations, Of course, money hus boen too precions to invest in outside proporty; but tho hoalthiest sign of all ia that ihero has been no shrinkago in yalues, and no falling off in prices, When tho trade is renowed transactions will begin at prices and values in no wise impaired by the fact that o penic has prevailed all over the country. A large part of the winter has passed; already men turn their faces to the coming spring ; aud oven tho operators in real ostate look forwsrd to tho seuson now approach- ing when thoy will sharo in the general pros- perity which has attended the revival of all other business, and when Chicago, alrendy rojoicing that the panic bes spent its foreo, will have for- gotten that there had been such a thivg as tho panic at all, A DISTINGUISHED PERSONAGE. Ar, M. D. Couway, thq London correspondent of the Cincinuati Commercial, states that o mooting ot tho leading publishors aud suthors ot Loudon was recently held at a room in Pater- noster Row ; that the meoting was convened to hear an importunt statement from a distin. guisbed personagofrom the United Stateaon the subjoct of international copyright. The distin- guished Amorican nddressed tho meeting, point~ ing out the great losses sustained by British suthors and publishora for the waut of prop- er legal protection in tho United Btates. Ho stated tho gricvance vory forcibly) and thon informed the meeting that, so far as obtaining the proper legislation from Congress wag coucorned, tho question was morely one of mouney. e offered, that if those in England, who wore 50 deeply interested, wers willing to contribute & certain sum of monoy, he would underiako to put it whera it would securo the pasaage of tho nocessary bill through Congress at its noxt seesion. o made tlus offer so plain- ly and distinctly that Lis good faith was not questioned, and soveral publishers oxpressed their willingness to subscribe liberally, A gen- tleman present, who is described as an ¢ ominent nuthor,” declared the proposition to bo a shame- ful oue for Amorica, aud an insult to English litorary men, and indiguantly loft the room, ond was followed by nomly all of the outhors. That was the end of the matter, It will bo obyerved that this story Las two very suspicious points. Tho American is deseribed a8 & “distinguished porsonsge,” and, second, that Lo offerod to do the bribing in person. It muy be thet all Amoricans wbo reach Turopo bocome distinguished personages ; but wo ques- tion very much whether any one but an impu- dent scoundrol and impostor would offor his own sorvicen.to buy an Internationsl copyright law through cungmus’. That o distinguished peraonage, or any other person, aftor reading’ the history of Crodit Mobilier and other subsidics, way have formed an idon that mouoy mny Lo successfully used in obtainiug legwlation from Congress, is very likely ; but tho men who do that business do not proelaim it from tho housotops, nor at public moetings, Tvon Oukes Ames did not say he wanted stovk to bribo anybody 3 he wanted it morely to place it whero it would do the most good, This distinguished porsonage who Is traveling shout Europo offoring to woll loglsla- tion Lo ordor by our Congress, aud offering to hundlo tho monoy, ought to bs named, ITo is ontirely too distinguishod to have his name kept out of print, Thiore nro now 1o loss i threo historlos ‘of Minols, i various stages of proparation—ao by Judgo Biduoy Breeso, of tho Supromo Court; ono by Judge Anson &, Milley, of Rookford, upun which Do {8 now putuug tho flulshing touches; and tho third by Prof. Strive, of Car- linville, which i alrendy in press. 'Tlio hilstories plready published aro Ford's,which {8 now ont of printy Brown's, puplished in 1844 ; tho Cablnot History, by Oarpentor aud Arthur; Ex.-Gov, Tteynolda® ** Pioneor Istory of Illinols,” which I8 now vory smcarco, and n life of Gov, Nininn Edwards, publiehiod by his sons, which is callod o “Ilstory of Illinois,” Excollont as many of thoso aro, tho genoral comprohensivo bistory of the Stato has yet to bo writton by somo careful historieal studont, Tho matoriel is abundaut, nand the now historios which are snnounced will probably add still more, RURAL JUSTICE, ‘God mndo tho country and man mado the town,” Owing to this distinction, it is only watural that we should look to tho country for truth aud honesty and justice in their virgin pu~ rity, unadultorated 'by the gross compounds which are mixed up with them in tho citles, Tho othor oveniug, at tho English opora, a plump, comoly, red-choeked damsol, and & long, lank young man sat band iu hend apon ono of the back sonts, each munching a Spitzenborg as thoy wolched Azucens tolling bor direful story of firo and Dblood to 3Manrico, This wae o truo iype of rural simplicity and honesty; and, whon it is considered in the abstract, whorein lay the harm? To cat apples ab tho opern i8 only a form ; not to eat apples s only another form. Tho only distinction is, tho ono is a positive form tho other, nogative, Tho ono I8 the country form; the other, thecity form, ‘Cha story, however, which wo are about to re- late, illustratos the simplicity of rural practice still mora clently, and shows hLow much more casily aud elmply the law works when it is freed {rom the useloss verbisgo and Middle-Ago forms and practicos, The placo was Waupaca, Wia., nnd the time was lost Friday. A shoomaker, in o fit of ab- sent-mindedness, sold a pair of shoos which had boen loft with him for ropairs, Thereupon the ownor of tho shoes sued the careless Crispin for thieir valuo, The shoe-ownor's lawyor was Mon- ngan, and tho shoomalker's lawyer "was Morgan, Tho trial ceme on, The shoemoker was on tho stand, but his nnswers did not suit Monagan. Did ho go fo takiug oxcoptions and appealing to the Court and mokiv] out o long list of griovances, so that bo could frame s motion for appeal and keop tho shoemaker and shoe-owner in hot water for months to come, ng Mr. Scame mon or sny other city litigant; for instance, would have done? Notat all. Ho sottled the matter fn three little words,—carelessly remark- ing to tho shoemakor thut ho wasa liar. The shoomaker thereupon quictly referred tho ro- mark to his counsel, Morgan, for advico. Mor- gon, instead of cumbering up the case with suits for slander or libol, acted for his cliont im- mediately by knocking Monsgan down and pounding him o little, Now, obsotve the jm- partial manner inwhich justico isadministored in ‘Waupaca. Tho 8heriff did not interfere, deciding that ho had no juriediction. Bome of the Jury wanted to interfere, but the rest would not lot them, declaring that they were not trying thav cage, After Morgan ond Monagan wore satisfied, tho Court took official motice of .the vi el armis turn affairs bad taken, by informing Monagnn that it served him right, and ordered tho caso to proceed. At.the close of the cnse, the jury refused to daliver their verdict until their feea were paid, and, the monoy not boing fortheoming, the foreman walked off with the vexdict in his pockel. Why shouldn’the? Of courge such o proceeding would not do in Chicago, for if juries refused to give verdicts hore until thoy got their fees, wo should nover have any verdicts, DBut in Waupaca, whero justice is admiuistered on baeio prin- ciples, such s proceeding was eminently correct. The Waupaca jury was employed to procurs o vordict, for which they were to be pnid in feos. They wero not obliged to deliver the article they lind for salo unless the cash was fortheoming, ond that foremen only vindicated the inaliena~ ble right of Meum and Tuum when he walked off with the vordict, The noxtdayafter the trial, Monngan mot the shoomaker on tho street. Morgan, the shoemnker's counsel, a8 wo have enid, had alrendy given Monagan o beating. Monagan, therefore, of course, owed somebody olse o beating. It could not be Morgan, becauso Morgan was not acting for himsolf, but for the shoomsker. The shoemuker was the logitimato creditor, and, therefore, Morgan set~ tled the debt by pounding the shoemaker, Up to thia point the reader will observo that oxaol justico iag been meted out without any unoecessary legal routine or red tapo, and with- out tho tedious dolays which characterize tho practico of law in tho cities. Tho basis was simple, sbstract justico without roforonco to Coke, Blackstono, or Lyttelton, or the practico of lawyers in other States In Waupaca, it is Immaterial what hos Loen doue to dofaulting shoemakers olse- where. And yot justico s not wholly satis- fled. Tho shoo-owner bnsn't got his shoes back, but we Lave no doubt that Waupaca will find some way of geiting thom, and the shoomaker owes somobody o bestiug, although it i not clenr to whom ho owes it. Most probably ‘Waupaca will decide it is the ownor of the shoes who bas made the shoemaker all thig trouble. ‘To completa this cheorful picture of rural justico in its virgin purity, it only remains for the Court fo whalo tho foroman who walked off with the vordict, and for the foreman to clean out the County T'ronsurer for not paying for the verdict. On tho wholo, the Waupaca way of doz ing things bns its victues. It is simplo, clemen. tary, and quick, snd has no nonsense about it, Such & suit in Ohlcago would have lnsted for years, and beforo it camo to a tevmnination would lavo been 50 full of declarations, afiidavits, ro- Joluders, surrebuttors, and suporsedeases, thatno oue could tell what it was about originally, or whether thoro was ever a pair of shoos or ashoe- makor {n it at all. Roliable and rocont intelligence from Wyo- ming leavos no room to doubt that thore will soon bo o genoral Indinn outbrealk in tho north- onstorn part of that Torritory. Tho Arrapahoss numbering 2,000, and the Oheyoupes 5,000, have both vefused to lonve thélr presont resorvation although tho Governmont hae arbitrarily de- mandod thas they shall go futo the Indlan Tor- ritory, It will boremembored that a dolegation from thosa tribes was recontly in Washiugton, and that the Groat Father told them thoy ought to go, nud, ifthoy did, ho * would make thelr honrts warm."- If thoy don't go, it s olear~ ty now his duty *to warm" them in anothor way which may not he so agreenblo, The lesuon of tho Modoo campaign ought to bo clear onough to suggest tho modus operand! ot yamoving thu refractory Ohoyonnesand Arrapahoos, sndyot wo shrll probably have to go through the samo old farco of Laving the business muddled up by ring-thioves, Indlan Agonts, sud Penco Commis- alonors, ay bafar COALS TO NEWCASTLE, America is boglnning to Jookup In tho musienl contros of Europo. TFor yonrs pat, wo linvo had todopend upon Earopo for our musicnl stars, Gradunlly, howover, this haa censod, nnd now woare wonding elugers to the Old World, who sro taking high positions, Among soprano sing- ors, wo hwyo sout tho two Pattis, Adallnn and Carlotta; Minnio Haucl, whols agront favorito; Jounle Van Zandi; BMiss Abbort, Kollogg's Drotege ; Mrs, Moulton ; Albani, who lately won o sigunl triumph in Paris in. “*The Hugue- nots,” rondoring tho musio strictly us writion by Moyorbeor; Violotta Colville, who Tins just mndo a remarkably Auccosnlul debut at Placonza; and Mrs, fiall, who nlgo rocontly mado n sue- cessful dobut at tho Bydonlinm Palaco, Amoug the coutralti aro Adelaido Lhillips nud hor slater Mathildo, both of whom aro now sicging in Milan ; and Antolnotte Storling, who {s all the rago at the Rivioro concorts in London, Caatlo and Campbell aro singiog in English opora with grent success in England, Charles Adams, of Bonton, L just boen ongaged a8 iho principnl tenor at the Grand Opern in Vienon, oli, the basso, who 18 tho greatest oratorio singoer in England, is & wvative of Counocticut. Whit- ney, the Amorlienn basso, mado o splon- did roptation in England, William Lake, of Washington, .it s snid, bids fair 10 rival Santley. Ldward Dannrenthor, the founder and conductor of the London ‘Wagnor Socioty, Is & nativo of Ciucinnati. Julo E. Porking, Ma- pleton’s new boseo, Is from Vermont. In addi- tion to theso, therearc numorous othors who, although now studying, have ‘mado n brilliant reputation, Miss Blanche T'ucker, of thiu city, who wont to Mmoe. Garela With lotters from Lucca, haod succooded in passing tho examing- tion for the Paris Conservatoire, where numerous othiors failed. Miss Amy Fay, o grand-daughter of Bishop Hopkins, of Vermont, a former pupil of Tausig, and now studying with Liszt, bas alrendy croated o sonsation with her playing at Woimar. Iatie Gaul, anothor American girl, from Baltimore, also a pupil of Liszt, bas made o success st Wolmar, in public, 3liss Cranch, of Cinciunati, lins posy- od tho ordenl of a first appenrance in Milan, with credit, Miss Julia Rive, of Philadelphie, recont- ly played at Leipsic beforo ono of the most critica! audioncos in Europo, and was enthusi- sstically applouded. Miss Auno Guilford, of Lynn, Mass,, is singing in opera at Loghorn with success, At Milan, thero. aro uo less than eight Americans studying muele, among them Mies Katie Smith, o daughter of Marlk Smitb, tho actor, who i said to bavo an ologant light soprano volco ; Miss Wolvrin, of Cincinuati, who will ghortly make her debut at the Milaneso Carnival; Mrs, Seidenboff, of Cbarlestown, Maes,, o heavy dramatic soprano; Mr. Sprague, of Bosto, o very heavybaseo ; Miss JosioJonos, # Cincinnati contralto, who las sccured cousont to sing in Lo Sealn; M1s. Annandale, of Balti- more, who i o sing during the Carnival; Miss Jennio Caldwell, who has mado a successful do- but in “T'Elisir d'Amore;" Miss Jennio Bull, n contralto who i said {o appronch nearor Al- boni than any singer in Europo; Miss Kalo Miles, who has nu ¢ngagement ut Naples ; Miss Ida Valergo, of Ban Francieco, who is singing minor parts iu Milan; Mies Moody, o young girl from New Orleans, who i studying in the Conservatory, a favor usually granted only to Italinus ; Mies Pauline Niningor, who is &nid to bave tho most beautiful voico in Milan ; and Miss Trimbld, the daughter of the American Cousular Agent, who lias made a Buccessful do- butin “Travintn.” Theso o only a fow of the Amorlean gingers in Europo ; bubtho list shows that Amories is gaining an euvizblo musical roputation nbroad, sud that Americon talont s rapidly boing recognized. The fluest musicians in the world are fast acknowledging it; and Mr, Theodore Thomas' great operatic scheme is partly based upon his confidence in American tolout. Everything scoms to indicato that this country is destined to produce the musicians of the future. THE DETROIT BRIDGE. Ono of the projects for cheaponing transpor- tation botween the East and West, by facili- {ating it, is tho acheme for & bridga sacross tho Detroit River at Dotroit. This plan bas gained very favorablo consideration, and o Board ot Engineers Las been appointed by the State of Michigan to veport on its feasibility., Presidont Joy, of the Michigan Contral Railroad, has ad- drossed tho Board s communication on the ques- tion, which presonts conclusive reasons in favor of tho construction of the bridge. Every winter ‘many millions of bushels of grain aro locked up 2t Ohicago and other lake ports for lack of transportation. The productions of hundreds of thousands of farmors and othors aro thus with- hield from market for several months, and in ad- dition to this loss thoy are subjected to tho oxpenee of storago and loss of interest. Lasl winter tho railrond tronsportation which crosses the Detroit TRiver at Dotrolt by forry was interrupted two months bythe ico. Threo thousand cars accumulated on the boxrders of the river, and tho obstruction ie esti- mated to have cost {ho railronds fully s milkion dollars, Tholr damage was slight compared with that of tho community. Evory bushol of grain in the West, the amount of ovory man's business, and tho comfort of evory housclold, w4 nfected, It was o sacrifice of part of ovory bushol of graiu, of overy hog and beave, and overy stick of timbor, and n tax on all the iudus- try of tue country. * A1 immonse relief, Mr, Joy shiows, could bo gained by bridging the river at Detroit. ‘rahwportation through that point would then bo uulutorrupted, The saviug of porishablo proporty, of time, of tho cost of stor- go, of interest, would be folt upon every farm, and by every business man, It would give refiof during tho winter months, and would lowor the prico of water transportation all tho rest of ‘thd year. Tho storchousos of the West would bo continually drained. Produco would move oastward continuslly, and spring would open with nono of the hugo ac- oumulations which now burden transportation and raise froight rates to 16 or20 conts o bushel, Tho only serlous opposition to tho proposed bridgo is made by thoso intorested in lake wavi- gation, who think it would subject their businoss {0 too much compotition, and that the draws of {ho bridgo would intesfore with the passagoe of vessols, With rogard to tho first poiut, Mr. Joy vory pertinontly asks whethor tho good of the public and tho interests of $100,000,000 'of rail- way property ought not to outwoight tho 850, 000,000 invested in shipplng, Asto the second objeotion, ho shows Dy tho experionco of the whippors through the Chicago River, when ves- gols pass through the draw of tho Pitts- burgh & Fort Wayne Railrosd ovory seven or olght minutes, that there would be no aubstuntial ingonvonlonve, RPossibly, ano tug In fifty nuay bo dolayod hult an hour, If thoro woro twont:7 such bridgos an that proposed At Dotroit, acrows tho river bolwoon Tukos Huron and Exdo, ttho infury to tho ngricultural clngaon of the Griant Wost—who aro Lhe parties moat concarned— would not ho haif an groal ay by tho intorruptdon of railway pumngo for o month In tho wiutor, Prosldent Joy sums up his nvgunont byt saying, that, ** Whon wo con- uidor the inunonulty of the benolits Lo all the Wat of unintorruptad sud conitant trabug, run- nlngg upon doubl a-teusk roudss wll the your round, and espociolly ine winter, whon all other monns of transit are’c) onnd, and the produstions of the Went can only raovo by eall, mid the effect upon buslness and Erado, nuld wpon e comfort of overy industriomn farmor of the Wont, nd overy marehant md rosahisni, vomiting fom unintor- rupted and copatenl moyomont of teafllo and convorquont ol enlstion, the negumont i over- wholming, atsd ¢nnnob s ronintad In favor of o Lridgo or bridg s whoraver nacosmary,” DHWSOR ON DARWIN, b THE KTORY (61 1l JUPIEARD MAN, Ty T, W, Dawson, Ll Day Principnd sl Viee-Ghaneolior of McGHll U: yyornity, Muntroal, Lp, 97, Now York: Harpore & Jrotliom, 182, ‘Ihis i5 by fisr the mont vigorous atiack on tho theory of Iijolution thnt lins hoou dirceted against it fror n any English-npenking quartor of the globe. YNlnb Pirol. Agnuslz might hiavo douo if Lo hnd lived to preparo the courso of lecturos which hio bnd planned for the prouont wintor, wo «li nll nover know. Ono of hin Intost recorded thouaghts wos o rogrot that tho wow raco of sclou tints scemed to bo ruuning after theorios inatend of pationtly | investignt- ing Naturo and interproting her words, Principal Dirwson does not helong to this new rnco, who aro engaged in “fiiling up the gaps® botweon the gar-pike and the human animal, On the contrary, ho hus oxposed frosh gops, whicl, it is ahinost safo to say, nover cau bo filled, and bt Lins shown protty conclusivoly that the Evolutionists, althongh thoy have added much to sci antific knowledge, and Lave traced many remat xable resemblances that had boen unuoticed Eoforo, hava not yob ostablished ono fact to prov) that one kind of animal existonco liag over boem devalopad out of anothor kind. It is gratifying, as well 83 novel, to rond an atteck on fhe Darwinian school from s really sciontifle stundpolut. Most commonly such at- tecks noro directed from somo theological ambush, wad, however pguccessful thoy muy appear to theologiang themaclves, are not understood by sclontists, and are sole dom or never answered by thom., M. Dawson, though belonging to the orthodoxy himeelf, hiolds the Evolutionists in highor osteom than * thoso who would ndvise us te hand over ronson and conscionce to the despotic authority of fulliblo mon dressed in strange gorbs and -called by sacred names,” In combat- ing Darwin, Husley, Mivart, Wallace, ete., ho gets down with them into the dirt, among the sholls, bomes, foot-prints, and leaf-prints of loug-buricd ages and approves bLimself o :master of the subjoct—no imitator, no no crammor of othor men'sdiscoveries, but o carclul, paivstakiog, original investigator, Although hio gives us numerous toxts of Scrips turo,—rai her moro perhaps than necessary,—ho never offurg oneas o substitute for an argument, e hns measured the Laurentian rooks of North Amorien, the oldest stratified series on tho globe, and he finds them to be not less than six miles in thickness. The enormous lapse of time that must bave been employed in depositing the Laurentinu group (of which tho rocks of the Saguena;y sud the Adirondnck Mountnins are n purt), in tho form of silt six miles doop in tho ocoan bad, can be but faintly concoived. Ho has traced tho pedigreo of mora than a hundred va- riotles «f mollusks, from the Permian period down to the present time, and has found not tho slightesti indication of a tendency to dovelop- ment from a lower to s higher organism. o bus pors onslly examined tho caye and gravel de- posits o TFrance, the lako villages of Switzer- land, thro kitchou-middens of Donmarlk, and the famous Enghis skull, tho oldest cranium known to science, which Le finds to bo strikingly like the sku'lls of the Algonquin Indians of Canada, indicating that tho man ' who carried tho Enghis skull on lus shiouldors was no nearer the apo than Bomo races uf mon still existent. He las made tho conl-messures of Nova Scotia a specinl atudy, and las discovered cockrosches and spiders like our presout domes- tic pesis wero sbundant in the Carboniferous period. It ig intoresting to notohore hisopinions of the urigiu of conl. 1o thinks thero con bo no doubt tlat it coneisted originally of peat-bogs and chib-mosses, upon whick grow foresls of Sigillaiin and Lopidodendrons. The woody fibre of thoito trech contributed little or nothing to the co:l, though tho stumps are found in great numbews in the superinenmbont clays, together with sho prints of their leaves, truuks, sud roots on the surfaco of the conl. Tho conl itaolf «comes from tho vogetablo mold of tho bog i which tho trees grow. As 1 Goologist, Mr, Dawson holds tho view, of which Sir Charles Lyell {s the most notablo ex- pouncior, that tho szmo causes which wo nowseo at woi &k changing the surfaco of the earth, viz.: rainfall, rivers, tides, icoborgs, glaciers, ocean- currents, voleanoes, corsl reofs, and slow olo- vatiors and subsidences of the earth’s crust, have ivoon at work from the earlicst poriods of geolotio'timo, in about the same way as now. Sixty or seventy millions of years must Havo rolled. nway siuce tho dawn of tho Lnurentian periocl ; but it is, of course, impossible to speak with unything approaching to definitonoss on tho point,, with tho imporfcet data wo have. Whon wo cantemplato this tromondous period, and whon wocompareit with our throo-scoro-nnd-ten, what s mero vanishivg-point does human life becono! When I behold tho work of Thy hands, the moon and thw sturs which ‘Chou host ordained, What fs man thet T hou urt mindful of him, or the son of man that Thou “sisitest him 7 Tl story of tha earth aa traced by Mr, Daw- gon ¢loes not differ msterially from that of Lyolt and other modetn geologists, but s lter- esting; a8 the iudependont view of an original - vestijsator, Its chiof intorest is dorived from itn controversial character, Tho thoory of Evo- lutfors is aesniled in tho pemions, or, rather, tho wilinga,of ita chiof advocates serintim, and, wo think, successfully. For My. Darwin, us u scion tiflo investigator, tho author Lns high ro- speet. 1Mo snys that, whon Darwin statos o fact, ha does it scenrately and impartinlly, For Mr, Herlort Spencer, in the fleld of sclenco, ho liws no rospect whatever, and ho die- putas both Spencor's quslifications to write on Biology, and his conclusions from tholimited ar- ray ¢f facts ho doals with, For Prof, Huxloy lio evidently has considorablo ‘rogard, Lut o char icterizes tho theory of an unconscious forco in Niituro us opposed to Inflnito Dosign, a8 & supa tsatition taking upon iteelf the plummge of philcophy. h o story of Man, &8 inferred by Mr. Dawson, s that human beiugs appoaved on tho earth aftor; tho Glacial epoch, und about 6,000 or 7,000 yoari ago, Ho noknowlodges that, in assiguing thin comparatively recont poriod for the birth of mun, hooxposes himself to bo langhed at by noutly oll his brother goolojsiuts, miost of whom cartyy tho dato back tew timos s far, Nevorthu- tosi, hiu conviction is that no positivo evidenco has beon ndduced to prove o greater antiquity thanr 7,000 yenrs, Man did not makd his appentance on the esrth {1 the ourth was fully prepared to sustain an oxistonco so couplox and, as compured with othor auimals, 5o ¢lolieate s s, Hig first Lomo, or lubitat, st hsvo beon in s mild and equuble climute whura elothing was not necessury, where shelter could bu obtained with little offort, and whero edildle fruits wore sullvieutly sbundant in o natural stato to sustain lifo, Given theso con- ditions, which aro ousily found at tho prosent dsy’, man had all the start nocdod to onablo him, i s i uniquo aud peorless fasultles, o achieve nll that ho hns yob achioved in tho way of wub- dulng tho enrth, the elomonts, and the auimal kingdom, of exploring the worlds and suns by which lio I8 surroundad, and of comprolionding ‘bis nccountability to his Crentor, Mr., Dawnon nowhere snys that he accopts tho Mosalo ncoonut of the Croation a8 true, though ho Introducos froquent quotations from tho firat chaptor of Genosis showing n certain parallol- fum hatwoon tho facts of geology and tho ordor of appearance of the various animalson tho faco of the oarth, That he considors tho Moyale ac- count more in hanmony with sclontiflc obsorvas tion than the Dible of Evolution, Is vory plain. The strugglo for oxistonco and survival of the fittost—tho mont popular phaso of Evolutionism b prosont—ho holds to Lo destituto of scientifio hasls, Moro than this, o thinks that the oper- ation of such & Inw would tond rathor to degrado and lower ovory apocics of animal oxistonco than to improve and elovato. —_— A FORGOTTEN WIT. DY PIOY, WILLIAM MATIEWY, OF TIIE UNIVERSITY OF OHICAGO, What 14 more uncortain than literary fame? ‘I'ho history of litorature shows that, it it is ono ofthomost envinble of human possosstons, itisat : tho #nmo timo ono of tho most flooting. 'Thero I sonrcoly anylhing nbout which one can prophi- ony with so llitlo cortainty a4 concerning the fu- tura fama of an author whe s now tha pot or fa- vorito of the reading world, TFifty yours ago BYNON wa# the pootio idol of tho publio; and Macaulay Ald not oxaggorato when he said that all tho rendors of vorso in Tngland—nay, in Burope— hastoned to eit at his feot, Now, instond of having his thousnnds of worshive ra, who drink g conuolossly, and strive, in turned-down col- Inrs, to look Conrad-like and misanthropic, ho is havdly & power fu literature, Who rends Crabbo now, or Bouthoy, or Mooro? Yet Crabbo, tho “Popo in worsted stockings,” was so fu- mous in bis day ns to crento a decided sonsation at tho hotel whore ho stayed on visiting Lon- don ; Honthoy, who is remombered to-day only by o fow'picces and possages which ho himsolt pronounced clap-trap, belioved that his pondor- ous opics would be immortal ; aud Moore, whose songs woro sung in o thousaud drawing-rooms, might woll bove bolioved that. thoy, at loast, would not be ophomeridw. Again, what reador’ of to-day has toiled through thesoven volumes of RICHARDSON'S “Pameln;” or how many have ever heard the nomes of *‘Olarisga " and * Sir Charlos Grandi- son." Yot theso woro the movels which held our great-grandmothers spollbound,—which wore moro popular than are tho tales of Dick- ons or Miss Evans now. Rousseau huug over thoir pages with rapturo; and Diderot do- clared that, if forcod to well bis books, he would never part with theso, which ho ranked with the productions of Moges, Io- mer, Eurivides, and Sophocles. Who roads Cloveland now, or *the great Churchill,” or Hayloy, or Dr. Darwin, or Deattic's proso or pootry, or Fitzosborne's Liotters, which reached its cighteonth edition, or Blair's Sormons, which sold in their dey like Robertson’s Sermons and % Teee Homo " in ours? ‘Chose, snd o thousand otlior casea that might bo cited, show that tho highest coutemporary famo is & NO GUAKANTEE OF 1MMORTALITY. The suddenness with which su suthor who has been puffed inta tha lofticat clevation is seme- times hurled into tho gulf of forgotfulness ro- minds ono of tho viciesitudes that befell Miltou's Saton in his flight through chaos : His snil-broad vans Hospreads for flight, and, in the surging smoke Uplitted, Apurns tho ground ; thonsy, many » league, As in u cloudy chair, ascouding, rided Audacious, . R i ubinwares, Finttering Ty peunona vain, plumb down he drops e thousaud Tathoms deep, These reflections have beou provoked by & porusal of the writings of Chamfort, of which s new edition was published not long since in Paris, Though a leadivg journshst in tho Frouch Rovolution, ho is now nlmost forgotion in Europe, while fow persons in America havo oven henrd of his name, HEDASTIAN ROCH NICHOLAS CTAMIORT was born in 1741, near Clermont, in Auvorgie. flo wus o natursl son, sud had tho quickuess ot parts whick tho proverb aséribes to such chil- dren. Ho novor knew who his futhor wos. His mother, who was & damg de compagnie, camo to Paris to hido her shame, and thore fourd fricuds aud protectors, throngh whoso iufluenco ho found s bowsier's placo at the Collego of tho Grassing. Rathor a dull schotar at fivst, ho ab Taat shone forth briltiantly, and in his third your this filius nullius, this *child of misory, baptizad in'tenrs,” carried oft the five grand prizes of tho University, Theso triumpbs dotermined his calling ; E CHOSE LETTERS. At first Lo tried to get omployment from the jour- nuls and booksellevs, but failed, and would havo starved had not a young Abbo pud Lim o louis & waeels for whiting sormons, He next became o tutor ; then secretary to o rich citizon of Liogo, whom ho followed across the Rhine ; but they .soon quarreled, and Chemfort returned to Paris, suying that * The thingin the world for which ho was lepst fitted was to bo a Gorman,” An imdifferont comedy, which had some success, sud the winning'of & prizo at the Academy, in- troduced him into society, whero his gcod looks, his oplomb, and his ready and brilliant wir, koon made him o favonte. Mou and women of rauk uow sought him and dontod on him. That they did not for a momont suspect tho inconsity of malignity and the rugo for cquality which siumbered in his Dboart, is not strunge; for far keonor observers wero deceived thon tho greab ladies whe thus carcssed him. Whon le was elocted an Acad- omician, Rivarol said that he was “liko a bit of lily-of-the-valley in a bouquot of popples.” ‘Tho lily-of-the-valley oxaled strango and dead- ly poisons with its perfumeo. Gradually the gay and dissipated life which Chamfort led told upon his horlth. o lost tho vigor and good looks which led tho Princess of Craon to say of him, *He looks only an Adonis, but ho is o Horoules;” but his position was as- sured. Placos and peusions were SHOWERED UPON LIM, At DBareges, four, ladies fell in love with him, smong them Madame do Grammont and Madomo do Cholseul,—~*in roality," ho says, # four friends, who each of them loved him with all tho strongth of four,” and *‘it taxed bim to tho utmost to Lo modest.” Marie Antoinetto, flattorad by some nllusions Lo herself in one of iy tragedics, gaye him o pension o 1,200 livres, The Prince of Condo aleo offored him the post of Secrvefaire des Commandements. Iv spite of theso successes, owover, envy, malice, aud un- charitableness continued to gnaw at his bheart, iy aerid sayiugs ubout those with whom he lived burn, it has been well snid, the very paper ou which thoy are written, MHis reply to Rul- hiere, itsolf stinging enough, is amony tho mild- est of them, * 1 have comnmitted,” sald the wit and historian, *“bub oue wickedness in my lifo," “YWhen will it ond 2" usked Chumfort, Rosigne ing his secrotaryship in o (it of spleen und inis- putivopy, he rotired to Autouil, saying, “16 {8 nat with the Jiving, but with the dend, ono should commino,"—mountug, of courso, with books, Iis communion bud hurdly begun, boforo, at the age of 40, ko fell iu love with the Duchoss of Mrino, a boauty who count- edoight-and-forty wintors, Thoy marrled and lived togother but & few months, when sho dled, and bor husbaud relapsed futo A PROFOUND MELANCUOLY. Made an Acadomiciun, o dolivered on the ocea- wion a brilliant discourse, und immediatoly aftor published n “ Disconrse agaiust Acndomies,” Ocensionully ho wont to Court, where the Queon, Marlo Antoluette, onca said to him: Do you Jinow, M, do Chumfort, that you plessed ull the' world at Verunilles, not by your wit, but in spite of it?" “'I'hia rewson fs ousy lo find,” roptiod the spurkling satinme; *at Versaillos I loarn with yeslgnation many things I know from poo- friondship was sought by Mirabonu, The fnflus oneo ho soon had with tho great Tribune {8 the highest proof of hin sagncity and power, Writ- ingg to Chamfort, Mirabennt declares, “Tlora 1y burdly o day I do nat find myaolf snylug, * Cham~ Jort froncerait le souretl ; ne faisons pas n' cord- vong pas cele ;' or, on tho other hand, ¢ Chame Jort sera content.’® In the unfon of tho two ‘men thero was just that blending of opposit qualitics whieh is eseantinl to the strongout friendship, Dolicacy, nontucss, aubtloty, finoeso, oharacterlzed tho ono; foreo, Impotuosity, fury, sonnibility, predominated in tho othor,— onch supplemouting the othor's defeots, THROWING HIMBELY into the revolutiounry strupgles, Chamfort do fondod the now doctrine with heart, mind, tongue, aud pon ; and, in the enthuslasm of the hour, though his whole fortuno was in ponsions, vindicated tho decrco thal suppreased thow, For atimo ho wns ono of tho most active and poworfnl rovolutionary journalists 3 but, at 1nat, a8 tho Roign of Terror grow darker, he was uhocked and disgusted Dy its atrocitios, and began to denounco tho reigning furies in vee homout terms. Indignant at tho mockery of the wordy Fratoruity ¥ and * Liberty" traced on all tho walls, ho trinslated them thus: * Bo my brothor, or I kill theo,” o used to likon the fratornity of tho vevolutionary cut-throats to that of Cain and Abel. Finally ho was denoune- od by an omploye in tho Nutionnl Library, of which ko ind beon made one of the Librariens by Roland, sud way hurried to prison. Hoon aftor ho was relonsod ; but, boing solzod again by the myrmidons of power, ho tried first to ahoot, then Lo stah himsolf, but only succaoded in inflicting bad wounds. * You soc what it e to ho muladroit in the use .of one's hnnds,” he axclaimed ; **one cunnot oven kill ono's eoll ta escapo tho pangs of tyranny.” In apito of a Lall in his hoad, the loss of ono eye, and othor muti- Intions, ho recovered, but ouly to livo fors briof time, dying on tho 13th of Apri], 1793, in tho 624 year of his ago. The best edition of Chamfort for the English rendor is that edited by Arseue Ilquusaye, which contalns luy choicest pleces, omitting all nf tom- porary jutorest. Fow books contain a groater smount of sparkling wit, dolieato satire, and worldly wisdom, than is condensed in this smalt volume. Mingling much with the world, Cham- fort brought iuto it a apirit of observation ko in- genious and ponotrating that the shrewdest and most sagacious of his contempornries deomed Lumn almost unerring and miraculous in his judg- monts, Mauy sayings which aro now on evory- body's lips FIRST FELL ¥IOM HIS LIPS OR IEN. T6 was ho who first divided our friends into ¢ thoso who love us, thoso who are indifferent to us, and thoso who haio wus" It wes he, not Talloyrend, who said, * Rovolutions are not made with rose-water.” It wos ho who puve to the Trench armies, a8 they marched luto Bolgium, the motto, * War to tho enstlo; peaco to the cottage.” It wes Chamfort, too, that furnished the Abbe. with tlhe memorablo closing words of his p phlet: “What is tho Third Estate? Al What hasit? Nothing.” Chimfort was aceus- tomed to writo out daily, on little bits of papor, tho results of his observations and refloctions condensed into maxims ; and theso mols, cave- fully polished and sharpened, with tho ancedotes he had picked up in the great world arong pro- feswional mon, artists, and men of letters, form the most brilliant and attractive part of hif writings, Tho following, selected almost at ran- dom, aroe : FAIR 6PECIMENS OF THE WHOLE : 4 Franco is & country in which it ia always nee- esary to dieplay one’s vices, and always dangor- ous to divclose one's virtues.” 11T public, the public, how many faols docs it take to mako a public?" “The mennce of nnoglected cold is for tho doctors that which purgatory is for tho priosts,— A mino of wealth.”" ‘*You yawn,’said a lody to her husband. ¢ My dear friond,’ g0id the husband, ¢ husband and wife are but ong, and when I am alono I bo- como weary.'" ““Tho majority of nobles recall their ancea- tors protty much as an Italian cicerone recalls Cicoro.” “3fadamo do Toncin, with tho suavest man nors in the world, was an nuprincipled womsu, capablo of anything. Onone occasion, n friend was praising hor gontleness. *Aye, uyo,’ said tho Abbe Imblet, *if sho bad any objeet whet- ever in poisoning yon, undoubtedly sbo would chooso the sweetost snd least disagreoablo poison in the world" 4T heard one dry a dovoteo, spoaking against peoplo who disouss articlos of faith, say naive- ment: *Gentlémon, o true Christian nover ox- amines what ho is ordered to beliove, It is with thot as yith a bitter pill ; if you chew it, you will nover bo able to swallow it.”" #Tho mosat utterly lost of all days is that on whick you have not once Inughed.” 3 ‘¢ Bociety is composed of two great classes,— those who have moro dinnora than appotites, and those who have more appotitos than dinners.” 4 Mndame de Palmont, seeiug M. do Riche- Hou, instead of lavishing attention on hersolf, paying court to Madame do Brionne, & very prote ty woman witliout the least mind, said to him, ¢ Marshal, you aronot blind, butI belisve you aro a littlo doaf.’ # A Indy who shall be nameless was at the rep- resontation of ¢ Moropo,’ and did not shed a toar. "Everybody was surprised ; perceiving which the Indy gnid, * I could indeed have wopt, but I am eugaged aut to-night to supper.’” Theso sayings aro & fair specimon of what o witty French writer has callod les lenailles mor- dantes de Chamfort. The Maximes et Pensees, which form the lutter half of Houssaye's odition, mny bo regarded as tho quintessence of this piquant and spirituel suthor, Whother he do~ sorves A LITERARY RESUBRECTION, tho reader can judgo. That his gonius was quite a8 original and brilliaut as that of muny an author whom the world does *‘ not willingly let dio,” wa think is clear. Thathe was especinlly o Xoen observer of mon, the volume wo bhave quoted from abundauntly proves. The court, the camp, the cily, the exchange, tho thoatros, the churchios,—all tho classes, ranks, and conditions of socicty,—pass in review in Lis pictured pages, and reveal thomselves to ug® ““in thoir bnbit o8 thoy lived,” Will it be said that he was cynical, —that his wit was dry, caustic, und sanlonic 7 So was Bwift's uud Rochofoucauld's. Arc thera vconsional passoges in his writings thel owe would not like to rend aloud? Yes; but ave there not mors such in Shakepeare, Etertio, Pope, und Montaigno? That Chamfort would huve produced works more worthy ot his goutus if his onorgies had not boon drained by the EXNAUSTING LABOXS OF JOURNALISM, we caunot doubt. Wo ullkuow tho oftecls &t these Inbors, when cesseless and engrossings, upon oven the most Invishly-cudowed thinkog- Ho bovomes at last u hack thinkor and loos, ihinker; he is n race-hotuo in the shafts of aw) oummibuy, Aaron's beurd nover would have come of shuving daily; uud, bad MNontaigne and Pascal lived in our duy, the immortal * Ensays" would Liwve dwindled into & Monlleur corrospondence und the *¢ Provincial Lottors" would have beon log off fn squibs to flzz aud sparkle through Afry- two wooks iu Charicarl, Grautlug all that can bo said in dispavagoment of Chumlort,—~that he was sour und nissuthropical ; thut his genive had little flow ; thut hin wit was disproportionaty to bis other gifts; that ho lacked that highest wisdom which only gooducss can givo, and was Iu neand vehoment whers u wilder end mgre wourtoous oxprossion of his opinions would have bottur insured tholr recoption,—we still think hiy works should bo kept from - the hands ot the pustry-cook and the trunk-maker, At the semo time, however, wo would say to sll his readors, in tho words of Saiut-Bouvo: ' Mefeze ple who aro completaly ignorant of them." | l_ When the Bevolution burst fortli, Chamfort's vous pourtant; nous oraignone quil n'y aly foujotirs wi pen d'arsenio ait fond™ down to us in history had hio boon i the habit '