Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 20, 1873, Page 12

THE CHIUAGU DALILY ~TRIBUNL: e —— THE TWO PILLARS. The Oldest Symbol Known to the Human Race. A Sacred Emblem Among the Ancient Scandinavians, Tyriuns, and Hehrows, Derivation of the Doller Pound Marks Thercirom, and . L, Fatccette in the Atlantie for January, The interost 1n rolies Lias its foundation in tho transitory nature of all materinl forms and the diffleulty with which man males any pormanent Impressfon upon thom. It has-taken but n thousand yenrs or 80 to obliterato tho monu- mental ovidences of somo of the greatest citios of tho world. A fow manuscript-books bavo lasted n little longer, but time at lnst tyrannizes over all; walls crumblo, the sanciont books go piecomeal to rags, langusgos dio, the meaning of words and symbols changoes, and it requires the continuous attontion of man to xeseno anything from tho sea of oblivion thas continually oucroaches upon tho shores of lis- tory. A fow londing idons and words seom to 1t forover, but, as o rule, sl human handiwork that appeals to tho oye disnppears sooner or Inter; and when wo meot with any artificial ob- Ject which presonts to our oyes a form presorved whilo citios have crumbled and nations bnvo vanished, it scoms n new rovelation of the past. But it is in the unexpected discovery that famil- ‘ar words, idens, and objects have & pedigroo as long aa chronology itaclf, that wo got, perhaps, tho most vivid impression of contact with the pust, and that shadowy hands scem to reach out suddenly from some mystorious storchouse of dead and dusty things to clnsp our own. For the great mnjority of aven educated people, such n exporiouco as this may be found in the histo- ryof TIE MODERN DOLLAR-MARK, $, o llttlo docs tho clerk, shoplecper, or banker who makes 8 hundred times o day this fomiliar figure, imagine lio is making roprosontations of thie oldeat symbol known to the human race; one which scoms to havo been claboraed out of the mythologios of all the suciouts, pnuu(nfi thronghh numberloss chavges by tho outgrowtl of fanciful lepends from the original ideas, but clenrly traconble to the earliest races, of whom woe got only shadowy outlines in the dusk of antiquity,—a symbol Lnown to those who built U'yre and Carthago as ‘“THE PILLARS OF HERACLES," but as anciont to them a8 to us, In compara- tively modern times poetie fancy lins conforred this namo on tho two mountaine that stand at tho entranco to the Mediterrancan,—Calpe on the north, and Abyls on tho south side of the straits, But for mora than 2,000 years beforo the diversion of the name, the form of tho ma- terial ymbol was two pillars of wood or stone. Tut how camo the two pillars to b symbolized in the dollar-mark, aud what wae their original meaning ? Tho transfer of the title Pillars of Heroulen to tho two mountains furnishes at loast n local boginning poiat in the answer to the firat of theso querios, According to tradition, Melearthus, & Tyrian navigator und explorer, snilingin search of fabled Atlrutis or ditly rumored Britain, had paused in o boy nt the Western extremity of the lsnd bo- yond the straits, and sot up thoro TWO PILLARS a8 n memorial, building over them the templo of Hercules.' A colony of Tyro waa es- tablishod thero, ond tho placo grow into tho ancient Gudes, tho modorn Cadiz. As the templo Incressed in wealth through the votivo oiorings of passing voyagora ft lecome more splendid, and the first rudo pillars of stone were roplaced by others mado of preciousmotnls, As Inte 18 tho sccond century this tomple exiar” ed in its greatest splendor. X'favius Philostratus, who visited it, testilles to its magnificence, and in Lis lifo of Apollonius of Tyanu gives the fol- lowing doseription of tho piltars : ¥The pillurs in the temple wers composed of gold nnd silver, and 8o nicely blended were the metals a8 to form but one color. *Thioy were mora thau a cubit high,of ' & quadrangular form, Tiko nnvils, whoso capitals were iuscribed with characters neither Indinnnor Egyptian, nor such a8 could bo deciphered. T'hese pillara are the chaing which bind logether the carih and sea. 1o inscriptions on them wero oxccuted by Horcules in the houso of the Parem, to prevent discord eriging among the clements and that frinm!uhlp beinyg disturbed which they bnd for each other," ‘Theeo pillars woro tle nucleus of tho ancient Gades, and natara.ly becamo the metropolitan emblem of the modern city, as the horse's head was of Carthngo. Leaving for the present the oxplanation of the origingl signification of the two pillars, tho story of TIEIR DESCENT TO TS may bo briefly autlined as follows: \fihou Churlos V. became Emporor of Germany ho ndopted & new cont of imperinl arms, in which those of Spaiu were quartercd with thoso of the Enipiro, tho pillars of tho arms of Cadiz being mado supporters in the devies. At Soville was nan imperinl mint in which was coined s standard doliar called in tha Meditor- rauean coasts ‘‘colonuato,” tho most prowminent flfiurcs in the dovica on tlus coin being the two pillars aud the seroll twined about them, the representation of which with a pen came to be theo nccepted symbol of tho coin. Melcarthus was a Tyrian, and ctho pillars must, therefore, hiave been known and reverenced as A BACRED SYMBOL IN TYRE long Lofore he set them up on the shores of the Atlantic, Addilional proof of this moy be found in the fact that on the coins of "lyro were prominently depicted, with sowo otlier omblems, two short pillars, arranged og supporters, one on either side of the genoral de- vico, tho proportious_corresponding neatly to thoso doscribed by Philostratue, The 'Tyrisns, though not the firat people to coin maney, wero the first to give it gonoral circulation, Theiy coinnge beeame tho ewrrency of the world, and the two pillars with which i¢ was stamped wonld naturally becomo the symbol for money, so that the adoption of tha dollar-mark to desighato tho *¢ pitlay-piccos ™ of Charles V. was probubly only tho rovival of an anciont custom which at first referred to the ** pillar-pieces ™ of Tyro. THE POUND-MARK, in all probability, owes its distiuguisning feature, the two horizontal bars, to the sate symbol, thongh in this connection they came into Eufi: land by suothor route than Bpain. Tho wae the initial letter of the Latin Libra, a bolance, nud was used to signity o stand- ard by which to welgh the precious motals, thenamo of the woight beiog dorived from the Roman pondo, o pound. DBut in the time of Henry VIIL the pound sterling which had been used os o standard for moue{ wasg superseded by auother pound, which had been brought from Cairo in Egypt to Troyes in France during tho Crugades, In the 200 years from the oleventi to tho close of tho thirteenth contury, the zeal io recapture Jerusslem brought the people of Zurope more iu contact with ench other, produc- ing an interchinugo of ideas and customs, though tho jealousies of the two or threo most powerful nations retwrded their goneral adoption. 16 was probobly owing to tho uncient hatred of Briton aud Guul that this Troyes weight was not dotl- nitely mlovud in England until it was carried thore by Venetion goldsmiths, sbout the year 149G, Whon it wna 80 ndopted it was probib distinguislcd from the old storling or * caster- ling " pound by adding to the pound-mark L two strokes of the pen to represont the pillars of Herenlos, i TIE COMMON MONxY-SYMBOL in the Moditerranean citiex, But oy the lower arm of the L was tho shortest, a symmetrical written charactor conld be mado more casily by changing the pillara from the perpendioular to the horizontal, In bandwriting, it I8 nutural to muko adl straight maria slanting end uot up- right, and the chungo from slanting marky to lorizontnl ones would be us readily ndopted s any other chango in the nymbol, So much fur the ktory of the two pillars as sonnected with money. ‘I'ho tradition of tho Fron Masous in regerd to the two pitlars, which are o prommoent smblem u) their eraft, is, that thoy reprosout the pillura ITIN AND BUAZ which Hitam of 'L'yre minde for Solomon, und sot one on eithor pide of the outrance to the Tample, to commemorate tho anr of cloud by day rn of fite by night which guidod tha’ Isrwolites in tholr forty yeurs' wanderings fu tha wilderness, ‘Whatover signifieanco the Hobrows muy huve ai- tached to theso pillars, there is ;ood roason for belioving (bat they recoived the matorinl emblom from tho Tyrians ut the time or the building ol the azplo, Tho Beviptures give n minnto tecount of the dimensions and desigus of the pillare (2 Kings vit,, aud 2 Chronfoles lii,), but are silent 8a 10 their signifioance ; and thore is nothing in tho wholo Soriptural account of thom to forbid tha couclasion that tho idons symbolized by them were AB DO TYRIAN AR JEWIAIL, Tyro lind beon o rich and prosperonw city for over two hundred years whon Solomon undertook tho bwlding of the Temple. Tho Tyriang bad boon skilled fn arehitocture and othor arta to n depreo that implied Iigh stato of mantal culiure, whilo tho Ie- brows wora yot mnomadic tribos living in tents, Tho “tabernnclo was only o tont, nnd {n thia fivst Hobrow ondonvor to give it a more enduring struclitre of wood and stonn, Solomon naturally appoaled to tho greater skill of the subjeots of tha friandly Iliram, 4 Lyro, Whon the Ifobrows Loeau to build the Tomplo Lthoy ceasod their wandoringa, they be- came pormanontly catablished, and, ny a mento- rial of this fact, thoy embodied in the architec- tural dosign of tho Tomplo a symbol which, by the Tyrinng and manv other uations do-conded from tho anciont Aryan stogk, was considered emblomazio of A DIVINE LEADRRSIID that had condacted thom to & new and permanent home: this was the tria signiil- canes of tho two pillars, As long as tho Ilebrows wore wanderars, tho piliars of cloud by day and of fire by wight wore meroly a_metaplior, to express their boliof in o Divine dircction of thoir movements, When thoy camo ut lust to tho promiascd Iand, the figurative pillara of cloud aud five becamo tho two_ pillars in the poreli of tho Tomplo 08 tho symbol of the ostablishment of tho nation. Having thus traced the story of tho embloms back thranch two lines of descont to a common point in Tyro, wo must taken look into {hoe romoter past to fud the origin of the aymbol in TIIE EANLIEST NECORDED IDEAR of thehunian race in connection with the Deity, and from that point we may fol'ow ity descen again through tho independent routos of Grook and Scandinavian mythology. * The anciont Aryans who composed tho Vedas hod wot then " arrived af the stnge of intollostunl developmont in which they could cntortain tho idea of an nbstract principlo ns tho ons umversal law, or of any god oxcept n vigible one. To them it soemed impossiblo that thore could be n spiritual cssonco without some material form. Fire, the most in- oxplicablo and striking of tha agoncies of nature, was accopied by thom as this first and all-per- vading forca which controlled tho universo; and the sun, tho grandest and most brillinut mass of fire, ay the embodiment of tho Deity. Hero aro two vorses of tho Vedas, as transiat- ed by Max Mullor, which may bo called tho Gene- sig of tho Brahmins, aud in them are TWO WORDA around which havo erystalizod fancios growing into myths, and myths growing into monuments of wood and stone, and again into ideal hoings, until tho original conceptions have beon almost lost. Yot through nll these changes some char- ncteristics of the original meaning have been so stamped upon each now form, that tho thread of conucction, from thoss nnelont days when tho flrat peoples of the human race worshiped the sun on the plains of Central Asin, down through all tho uges to the compnra- -tively modorn symbol of tho Pillars of Hercules, is umistakablo : 1. *Intho beginming thore arose the golden Child, o wns one born lord of all that is, Ho established the earth and this sky ;—Who is tho God to whom wo shall offer our sacritice ? 2. “Ho who givea lifo, ho who gives strength, whoso commuond all the Lright gods revero, whoso shadow {s immortality ; whose shadow is donth ;—Who is the God to whom we shall offer our sacrifico?"” If there woro nothing but the coincidence of the two words italicizod in the forogoing versas with the names of tho two pillars in Solomon's Templo,—Jachin mieaning strength, and Lonz {0 esfablish,—if thore wore nothing but this to ostablish the connection of tho two pillars, as woll ny tho Pillars of Hercules and also the Greok myth of Castor and Pollux, with thesa ancient expressions, the identity of all these myths and symbola might be more doubttul than itis; but THENE 18 MORE. In the Vedas the mun is called tho * runner," tho ‘‘quick racer;" he is called Arvat, tho horse; Agni, tho fire; Arushn, the red one, (ho strong one, the son of Heaven and Earth; Tndra, the god of all gods. 1lo is ropro- sonted ns drawn in o chariot ovor his daily course through the heavens by *tho barita” * tho rohits,” aud * tho arushas,”—i. 0., tho gleaming, the iiddy, and the gold-colorad Lioracs of the dawn, which are tho fitat rays of the morning suD. Tho floxibility of tho ides, within a certain rango of oxpressions, seems to bo acknowledged by tho poets of the Vedas in the following VOrso 3 * [esr thou, the brilliant Agni, my prayer, whether the two black horses briug thy car, or the two 1mddy, or the two red horsos.” Notwitlianding all thé intershanging of names, numbers, and genders, snd the changing of forms from aninal to human and vico versn, thero is an adherenco to the idea of boings en- dowed with supernatural strength and bright- ness, and of & contost botwoon, and alternacing auprowmacy of, LIGHT AND DARRNESS ! It roquires no great strotch of the imaging- tion to conceive lhow, in the Groek modifieation of this many-sided plastic myth of the sun-god, Indra should bo the prototype of Jove, and Arushaof Apollo, and algo of Herncles. Indeed, it scems probablo that, out of the numerous names of this onc object of adora- tion, the sun, grow nearly all the wonderful and funtastic system of both Groek aud Scandinavian mythology, n the Vedic mytha the phenomona which at- tended tho rising and sotting of the sun, the clouds, somo Dblack, some ruddy, and some shining lilie molton gold or silver, aud also his- first and last boswms darting through, wore spoken of a3 horses or cattie, or beings with human forws, almost invariubly in pairs, In gomo placen tho ruddy clonds that preceds his rising aro called the ** bright cows.” Tho two horsos which the sun is said to harness to his car are enlled the * Arushn,” tho red ones ; in other places thoy are called the * twa As- vius,” thoe shining marcs; and in others the iden is moditied still more, ‘and they are called tho ‘two sisters,” and, at last, we flnd, are named DAY AND NIaqT, A the * daughtors of Arusha," tho one gleaming with the Drightuess of her father, and tho other decked with stars. Prof. Whitnoy, in his “Essay on the Vodus,” introduces the *iwo As- vins™ an *¢ enigmatical divinitios,” whoso voca- tion or province in An?'au mythology he does not discovor, though, at the sawo time, ho mtimates the probubility that they may bo idontienl with the Diceouri of tho Greoks; and Prof, Mulier hints at tho samo idontity, but with no more rof- eronce to their truo character of divine foreruu- uers or guides for families, tribes, or races of men wandering about the world in search of new homes, It is related of TUE DIOSCURY, that, when Castor was killed, Pollux, inconsola- ble for his loss, besaught Joye to fet bim give Lis own lifo for thatof his brother, Wo this Jovo so far conkented a8 to allow tho twyo broth- ous to ench pass_alternate days under tho earth and fn the colestinl abodes, thelr afternato daily donths and ascensions iuto the heavens being only anothor voision of the story of Day and ~ Night, the daughtors of Arusha, The twin brothers Castor sud Pollux are rvepresented ns always clad in shining armor, and mounted on enow-wiite steeds,—thus roproduc ing the chiof eharactoristics of the ** two Asvins,” the shining mares of the Vodas, and showing that all those motamorplioses are only variations of the samo ideq. "'lie Hobrow metaphor of tho pillar of cloud by dny and of fire by night, to expross the ides of o divino londership, points to the same natural objoctu— CLOUDS AND FIRE— that to the earlic: Avyang wevo symbols of tha presonce of the Deity ; and the whole idon might seom o, toproduction or olrborution of that ex- prossed in the following verses of the Rig-Veda, writtan o thousand yenrs before : # Whorover the ‘mighty water-clouds went, whore they placed tho soed nnd it tho flre, thonco aroso Ho who is the sole lifo of the bright gods ;—\Who is the God to whom we shall offer our snerifice ? © Mo who by His might looked aven over the water-clouds, the clouds which gave strength and litdth?' sacrifice ; Ilo who sloue Is God nbove all odu,! Tho fact that nearly every manifestation of tho prosenco of the Deily recorded in [Tobrew his- tory down to tho tine of the bullding of the Tomple was in u cloud, shows at loast a remnrk- ablo vesomblunce to the Aryan conceptions of tho dlyino prosonco, “Llio furthor claboration of tho idea in symbol- {zing tho prosouce of the Deity by two pillars of wood or stone, and partionlatly of snol presonco in tho charactor of i leader {hrough long wan- derings to n pinto of pormanont estublishmont, WA NOT EXCLUSIVE WITIL THE: MENREWS, Othor races with whom the [lebrows could not liavo come in contact had procirely the wnmo symbol of two pilluvs of wood or stono,-~n fact whioh makes It u vewsonablo presumption thab tha two pillars, ona of clond ono of fve, whioh wara their prototypo, wero not moare oxclusively » Hobrow don, In Hparta thio twin Dioseuri are said to have boon ropresonted by two pillars of stone, which woro sontothmes joined by a smaller horlzoutal bar to yoprosent’ thelr twinship, Froquently ¥ ATUKDAY, DECEMBER 20, i% tho top of ono of theso posts was carved {n the semblanco of o humaw hond. 'Tio Spurtans may have lorrowod tho omblom from the Tyrinn the fact that tho nuclont Norchmen smploved the two pillars to symbollze precisalv tho snmo ldoan ne fheso conuneoted with them bv the Tobeaws nand Grook wakes it quite ns likely that the Snartans dorived tho symbol from the azmo orlginal sourcs an the Tyrinny, A column of stono was in fuot n COION WVIUOL OF THE DEITY among many anc:ont nutions. Vonun was wore whipvod al Tashos under the form of u stane, Juno of ihe Thespians an Dinna of the fenrl- ang, wero worshipped under the vamo form, The most famows of thn Bvvlan deitios was Bl Qnhal (tho stone). a namo Lo which is akin tie mndern Arabio gelicl, o moun:ain, or nrock, Tho vory nume of Qilraitar, anc of the monntaims to which vantry has transforend tho titlo of Dillars of Ioranles, Iy from Gebol 'T'avil, tho monntain, or the vook, of Tarlk, one of the tiret Moors who et toot on the northorn sida of the straits, and ator whom como thore who eatablishod in Sonin the brili eut and romantic emr fvo ‘of thces e ecssora of ilio nucient 1 hemelnne, ll 'l'thm-o lsood ground for tho presumption ial NERACLES OF THE ORERKA waa onlv another version of Lha mvthot the Diogeurl, 'Tho Habrows FYWE anch of Uio pillars o name, though thev reeolved the omblem fron tho Tyriang, who employad them ns the emblam of ono deity: and as the L'vrians were cartior than the Grooks, this plinga of tho monotheis-ic rlgnificance of the pillars muat linve come down from the same ynclont sourco aA tho myth of tho Dioseurd, With both Greoks and Tyrinns * Horacles," traugformed by {he Latins into ** Hercules,” seemed to be o tranrforablo Liouorary title, T'ho roper nnme of tho Tyrian IToraclos was Melear- I’Il\\fl. whoeo mothor “was raid to bo Asterin, the utm—rr lioavons ; whilo the propor namo of tho Grook Horacles was Alemus, who was said to bo tho son of Jove by a mortal mothor, Alemena, nn tho Dioseuri woro #nid tobe_the twin_sons of Jove by nmortal mothor, Leda, The Heracles of the” Tyrians and tho Cnstor and Pollux of tho Grecks were tho patron deities of senmen and navigators, as woll ns of fouts of strength and agility. Tining now to tha mythology of the Beandi- naviens, we find in the character of THOR one which corresponda in all thése particulara, Ha was enid to bo the son of Odin, tho eldest of tho gods, by Jord (the earth). Not ounly do the stories of his foats of strength with his hammer correspond with those of Heracles with his club, but ho wns the patron deity of the early Norse navigators, who wore a8 daring a8 oven the Pheeniciang, Theo **saored columna * of the Norse mythology wera two high wooden posts, or piflnrs, fashioned by hewing. ~There stood on cither side of tho “"high seat™ of tho mastor of tha houeehold, and heuco wore celled *“THE PILLARS OF THE MIGI SEAT,” and wero a sort of houschold symbol of Thor, ‘Fhio uppor end of one of tho plilars being, lika tho Spartan symbol, carved 1n tho semblance of a hnmen head, the nnmntx up of theso pillars was tho sign of the catablishment of tho hiouse- hold on that epot. When & Northman ‘moved, no matter how far, ho took his sacred pillars with him ; and when theso wore kot np, thero was his liomo until be made a formal change of domicile by moviug them to some now spot. When the Northmen discovered Iceland and began to emigrate there the sacred pillars of each Norss family wero thirown overboard when tho ship camo near the land, and on the nearcst habitable spot to whoro they were cast ashoro by tho waves were they sot up, by planting the ends in the ground, as A BYMBCY, OF TOSHESBION, : being in somo rospocts a formal actof * entry," hoving Somothing. of the snmo significance as the act of tho emigrant in the Westorn States who hos * staked out a claim,” When tho [:flh\rn were sot up tbe houso waa built around them, and, though the pillars and tho domicilo might bo moved to new locatious, tho placo whore tho pillars wore first cast ashore always rotaiued o peculiar signifieance and sncredness to the family. Thus it is related of Throd Hrappsson, that hLis pillars, when cost overboard, were carried away by tho wavos and _curronta and apparently lost. Ho sottled, however, on tho eatern slde of Ice- land, snd had beon living thoro ton or fifion yoars when it was discoverod that his pillurs hnd beon cast ashoro on the weatorn const, upon which ho straightway sold liie catate and moved to the locality whera his pillars had been found, Many other instances of the CASTING OF THE SACRED COLUMNS INTO THE EA, in order thatthey might guide Northmen in their selection of homes in Iceland, ara related in Rudolph Keyeer's Religion of the Northmen, Of Birik the Rod 1t is told that, having loaned s posta of houor Spnaaibly_nu a pledgo of some promisoe to be fulilled) to another Icclander, he could not get them back, which gave occasion for a long feud, into which many other fomilies wora drawn, and many of tho adborents of both partios wereslain, “ When the Norse chioftain Thorolf Mostrarskegg loft Norway to gottle in Tceland lie tore down the temple of Thor over which Lio had presided,—in Which he soemed to have Bomo ’:md of proprietary right from having built! it chiefly at his own oxpenso for the ugo of tho worshipors of Thor,—and took with him most of the timbor, togethor with the earth boneath the platform on which Thor's statue had beon sested.”” When ho came in viow of Icoland tho two sacred columns of tho templo wera thrown into tho sea; and where those wero cast on shore by tho waves he called tho placo Thorsnes, aud built the temple of Thor, placing tho two sacred columns, oue on eithor side, just within the doorway. T'he incidonts in which the two columna thus appear in the earliost bistory of tho Norse peo- ple are, it is truo, of modern date when com- pared with their- appearance at the building of Solomon's Temple, or tho erection of the Dillars of Hercules by Melearthus, near the Straits of Gibraltar ; but their lator appearance in history ae the * Pillars of Thor " DOES NOT ARGUE that they wero copied from the Pillars of Her- cules, but ouly that written history, or even chronology of auy kind, was not known in Sean- dinavia until a much laterperiod than in Byria and Greoco. The Gormanic race, howover, of which Lhoe Northmon were u branch, had its origin in the contro of Asin noar the Caspian Sea. —From there they had Lrought the same traditions ag tho Syrianu and Grooka; aud the religions myths out of which tho Grooks afterwards elaborated thelr fauciful aystom of mythology wera by tha Northmen, whoso rude climato gave impgination # gloomior turu, fashioned into the more barbar- ous, grotosquoe, shd unuguluury ‘4 AsA FAITILY The cosmogony of tho Greals and the North- men corresponda #O noarly a4 to lenve no doubt of & common origin, and yot the dotails were so difforent as to show that for ngos the aucient storios must have beon haunded down from one genoration to another by peoplo posscssad of a vastly different dogree of rofinement and sur- roundod by a dilferont aspect of nature. ‘I'ho Asn faith was as auciont as tho cosmogo- nyot tho Phmnicians and the Groeks, and the sacred columns _of Thor wero not su iden bor- rowed from the Pillars of Heraclos, bub an inde- pendent perpetuntion of tho same mystic symbol, Tho facts that the two pillars were n sacrod symbol iu thres ancient aud coutomporancous roligions, and that thoy occupiod tho samo poi- tion and sigmficance in the tomples of "Whor of the Scandinavians, Heracles of the Tyrians, and Johovah of tho Hebrows, Lelp to contirm the theory of A COMMON MYTHOLOGY a4 the foundution nud the source of tho idess of all the later faithe. Tho fervid spirit of tho Io- brows gave to their version of this and other anclont_concoptions n diviner mold. As tho rolar ray of Jight, split up by the priem, yiolds (lireo groups of rays, one of which carries with it tho main portion of the hoat, another tho greater part of all the lyght, and anotbor nenrly all the uctinio qualitics, snd ench of theso groups embrucing (wo or mare of {he sovon prismatic colors, to tho ruys of that anciont Aryau sun, tho flrst and most netural of the Daty, fulling on the human mind, have beoen olnborated mto & groat varioty of faiths, onch earryiug with it somo oc the divine light, but in other characteristics aa, diiTerent ns the “""“-l‘“ in tho upeetrum of the aualyzod solar ray, With one race tho predominant traits of religlous thought aro Dbrilliang, but merely sontimental corruscalions of poolio faney: with another, cold, practien] maxiws for thrift; with another, the forvid, hut sombre cuthusingm, the zealous dogamativin that overturns empires, Tue In el thora is the acknowledgment thet tho + BEGULAR ALTEWNATION OF DAY AND NIGnT 18 lhe work of Gud, tho phonomeny indicating Ihm }n'uummu to graido man rround the habitablo portions of tho waorld, “ Bun aud moon go in rogular puccession, that wo may seo Indra and beliove,” writes one of the poots of the Nig-Vada, *Tho day is thine; the night also {a thine ; thou hast propared tho light and the wun,” sings the poet of Israol, —A murried woman whoso will hag been toved fn England gave all hor estato to My, V‘un 1lInurigh, her husband, ditected her clothes to no sold to pay her funcral exponacs, and ndded: **It is also my esinest wish that my durling husbaud should marry eve long a nice, protty gitl, who ia o good hougeyife, and, abovo Al o bia caraful that sha ia af xoed tamuar." “P'TIT. LULU.” From the ¢ Bho wap & Jerrey Prinvoas i ter {irono wag 8 low bitof broken wall outde {ho cottage door, whenco slio ured to nod her enrly hoad to tho posroraby, aud oall ont. *Dopd-br, m'rioury," in hor broken Engtish aud shyill buty- troble. Itis thus T saw her fust—n bright spot of color ngainst the warin rad-brown background of garth and wall, and the arch of apotless blne nbove—n dab of carmine, patched with yollow about tho head, o torn print garment—ouco whito—and two dusty, dimyled, rose pluk lags, tho littlo fat toos clinging like 8 monkoy's to tue rough, lohened inoqualitios on tho side of the wall, ** Qood-ty, hittla ono, Thisis tho right way down to Rozel Buy, i3 it not 2" ' Mals oul, oul., A bea ln. Lulu show w'siour.” ‘The dub of color jumps down, & groat deal more of the flrm, rosy flesh than propriety ad- mita hecoming nakedly patont to the oyo in the deecont. Two short puds or fingors reach up into mino, and I am provided with n guido on the #pur of tho moment. “ Luly, Lulu!" eried a voide from tho cot- tago, *ou vag-tw, mochanto? Viens dono de suito, p'tit chiat 1" Luln, 1 griova to ace, ianot of an obedient dlaposition. Sho stanps one pink foot in the sundy goil, shakes her yellow lead dalinntly, oud retorts in s sliill gabblo which soundy somothing Like this: "li!'u‘dmra n'slour'bas- vuirl'dats, " Joam freoto confoss that my knowledge of Jorsoy French s nat oqual to » trauslation, I find myself in the unpleasaut position of an involuainry child-stoaler. To my rolief, the half-door of tho cottage opons, aud thioro comes out n tall, Tipe, brown-skinned girl of 17, will oyos binck and shining ns sloc-Lorrios aftet a shower, and ueat, protty Jorsoy foatures smil- ing undor the great whito sunbonnot, turned bacl like the cup of & lugo convolvalus, To her T llF[len], Inboring with solemn British desporation after mylong-forgotton foroign oxor- Lulu coms down. clgon: “ Mademoigelle, cotto — polite — cnfant —a voulu—-" 2 l_‘lhu protty red lips curve upwards in a ready smilo, * Ah, yes, m'sieur, it ia Lulu's way." (S8he ovidontly doesn't think much of my Fronoh, for sho nuswors in English.) '*So miany oxcursion scnplu como this way to sce our bay and tho gar- ons of Lo Chuoire above, that ‘Ia potite’ has taken {ho habit to play at guide. A'sieur whi plengo excuso. Tho noighbors do so spoil tho child, sho grows tronblosome, Fi done, Lulul’ “TLuls not tronble. Luls bon snge,” stom- moerd tho baby-sinner, stamping & small sirocco in her wrath, and holding tightly to my finger the whilo ; then, changiug her koy with the agility of & voeal acrobat, and turning two sud- donly moist bluo saucors of appeal on mo, sho whispors, coaxiugly, * Lulu only waut to show do chemin. Lot p'tit Lulu go, hein 2" Naturaily, Lulu is pormitted to go. It is ovi- dent that this young Princess is deeply vorsed in tho arts of cajolery—s person not tobe deniod {n’m'tlmng within the compass of human pogsi- y. Tho black-oyed damsel and 1 oxchauged glances of iutelligonce, and succumb aimul- tancously. Luln tightens her pull on tho finger she has captured, and lends mo off, pattering in shrill triwinph through the dust, and along the steep, narrow path which leads onward and downward to the rock-girdled boach of Rozol Bay. By-nnd-by we have to step out of thewa; an excursion-car is bearing down upon s, o ing and swaying as tho henvy load of gaudily- dressed, blowsy-faced British tourists, aud neat, sallow-skinned Parisiaus, all of the bourgeois class, but different as belngs from two distant sphoros, prosses forward on the straining, stag- fierln[: lioracs, and gratos against the sido of the ill. “Not wishing to immolate m{eolf. au invol- untary victim, bencath the wheola of the do- seonding juggornaut, I retire to a clump of forns snd brambles on tho outor edge of tho path, clutching Lulu's fat wrist tightly, and horribly afrpid lest that impetuous young lady should rugh forward and be smashed on tho road, or xoll backyward and bo sriashied on tho boach. Fhe rosult soems equal. ¢ I am a norvous man, and grow hot ond dam; all over with anxiety, %ulu, on the other hand, is a8 cool a8 o cucumber, 8he holds me, indeed, but much 08 a conquering Dalaware could his captive Mingo, or» stern nunt her rofractory nophow. S8ha nods her cheyming head familiar- Iy to tho driver (an uumistakable Paddy), smilos on him with all tho sweetnosa' thoso round blug ayes can bestow, and hails hil with conda- sconding urbaui *¢ Hi, Malone! bo'zour, bo’zour |" ‘Tho driver's face oxpands into & grinj he wayes his hand cheerfully, ’iu it afthor “ Good mornin' to ye, p'tit Lulu ; aride yer wantin’ the duy, mo lady ¢” It is possible that Lulu may have stooped to such an idlea on provious occasions, though at progont sho looks on it in tho Jight of au insuit, With great skill, ehe protonds not to hear, and addresses herself patronizingly to the dusty, steaming excursionists, *Dood-by, m'sioars ot mosdames. Malono go show you Rozel Bay. Lulu sussil Lulu got son m'sieur, V'ladone!” ‘This lnst in o tono and with & wave of the un- oceupicd dimpled fist_which draws instant and goneral attoution on tho captive Mingo, Luluis entisfied, Lhe car rolls on, and we Tollow. The cloud of dust iu in our cyes'; tho red faces, cop- por-colored silk gowne, and hideous flowory hats of tho female B, T disapponr from view down the wiudiug curves of the path. Wohear Ma- lone cry, * Thoro's Rozol 1, for the benefit of his passongers. We, too, roach the corner. Lulu roliquishes hex Mingo, folds her fat palms ccatatically, sols hor fat logs as wide apnrt a8 is snyway consistent with an upright position, and, copying Malone's tona with the nicety of a prac- tised uctress, repents, Zero’s Rozell" Then changing in o voice of gleo, und beginning to jump up aud down like a soft ball of wool tosted nto the air and buck again—* Lulu show it m’sieur—Lulu—not Mulone!"” T utand still, and look about mo—at the steep, rough path with its overlianging wall of ochre* red eurth, topped by n tanglo of foathery grasscs and matted white-veiued ivy—at the broken, precipitous hillsido—tho patehies of goldon gorse und flmmning purplo honther—at the motloy red roofs and steep pebbly paths of the littlo ishing village postled down in o mnook botween the durk green hills nud the_yellow utrir of saudy #horo—nt the gray quadinuglo of the garrigon wall with its Jiving scurlot dots specklivg the interior—at the broad, flashing sheet of burning blue waters, benming aud dimpling like » breust- plate of dinmonds under the July sun—at the [u-a\vn‘ weather-beaten flshing-honts hauled up Ligh aud dry upon tho shingiy-bench, sud fur abova at the gray roof of tho wayside cottage Dlinking dimly in tho yollow sunlight. It is to protiy o scene, 6o bright and picturesque, that I could bave stood gnzing for a length of time, but for Lutu, Taking my hond again, thotin- winuating tyrant romarks carolously, as of & sub- Ject of gonoral interost ; *“Bweelies .in do shop & bas, swoetios,” “ o, indeed 7 And Lulu would like some,” v Mais oui,” with most sorious gravity; “m'siour have some too.” Monsiour accedes, secing it ia expected of bim, ond together we descend to the village. Lulu pilots tho way with surprising agility to the “aweoty” shop, and I moskly iuvest in & umall lond of taffy, brandy-balls,” comfits, ate., for my guide, Bhe, howovar, has no iden of Linv- ing them mado iuto amere_paree), but opons tirst one tiny ‘mlm to bo filled and then another, clnaping hor short fingers flrmly ovor their sticky contents. I meokly suggest hor piuafore as an extra vecoptrelo § Lut Lulu, looking at the holes theroin, shukes hior hoad Qecisively, Doubts of the propriety of utilizing the only remnining gormont oceur to both of us, when Lulu solves tho _difiiculty by wsuddenly throwing back her houd and opening o small red cuvern fencad by two rown of weas whito pearls, I 1l it obadient- l{, full—very full. Lulu nods contoutedly, nnd then, spocch bofng impossiblo, gives me one round cheel to kivy, and so trots awny on hor hameward route, Poor, littlo, fat legs, how \\‘eurfl they must have zrown hofore they ronched tho jtop of tho Lilll Sluflflhls‘ on the beueh twonty minutes Intor, I eaw the woe white figure toiling pein- fully' upward, and stooping ovory hulf minuto to piek up one of the sweotics which would, eseapo Ifrom bunds or mouth, Whin wis my fivst meeting with Lulu; but long bofore I lott Jersoy we hud grown intimato frieuds. My llfl?l\mhllnnco with “the lospitable mistcss of Lo Chairo, whose gardens, out ont of tho rock, are_the show-places of Rozol, brought mo ofiou to thwt protty bay; and, whethor on foat or horscbuok, If 1 pasded tho coiutare and enllod, * Whero's p'tit Lulu 7" out flow thia dim- led ownor of that name, dancing for glee, and Rnldlng up hor clibby hiands to bo taken by *'le w'giour qui w's donno des swootios,” Talu lived with hor grandmothor—n hard- facod old demo, wearing the short stuff skirt, olmmping uhoed, snd_ broad-winged smowy cap of Drotaguo—who worked in the flolds ; and her preity young sunt Manctto, Fathor, grand- sather, and uucle had all boon lost, the soa, out flshing tho night Lulu was bornj Bory dood | vouz, m'sicur. and mother wout bofore mirning to 83k them, "ha shack ldtled hot, sud loft Lulu orphanat he- fa10 she wag an lomroll: ot tha ehiid liced and hwrved, A1 tho nolLbws round ulo i })luml and mada e of (lio holplons baby; Lo Isners in ospeelnl taling #o warm nn Intoreat in hor wolfura that at 3 yonrs old Mile Lulu was tha neknawledged pot of Rozel, snd tho raling #pirit in that lonely eotingo on'tho ll-top, L'wa years and o half had pasesd o+ hen neel- dont agait bronght mo Lo dermoy for my summor holiday ; and a4 o matter of e.uee ona of my tlent exoursions was Lo Rozel Bay, and my ind frion i at Le Obnlve. I was on” horseback, nod tho dny was hiol aud thu.dorous, Lroaking avery now and then into thoso wmullon down-j.o i, thoso farritio alicels of ynin, for which 40 [slund I8 5o digagroeably noted. Not having an mm- brella, I wag natarallv desivous of goltineg to La Ohalra botoro bolug eanght In ono of (howo water-spouts ; yot ns I neared the well-known howio by tha ronduide, i16 vomombranes of Luln mada mo draw rein und elaskea pace, looking ant for n ghmpse of wy Mt friond, snd ealling har nameo nfoud n hopas of realigs n pair of startlod, joyous eyes flash out in nuswor, Vuin idoal Thoro wms no volco in reply, no ruali of Tittlo feet, no rouud, bright faco §iftsd up Lo klw mo, 'Fho hiouso stoud ) hera, silont in the ymlow, thundorous lizht, dust upon tho groy wally, dust upon the clored windows, dust ipon tho untidy tufts of blood-red carnntions teaggling ovor the dry, light woil outsido the Joor,” Novar a sound from withing never a puil of smoko from the chimney, ‘Iae plaas lookaed datl, dismal, and dosorted, nw thongh a curse had fallen on it: and, wonderng nnd disep- pointed, { rodo down in tho village and put “Y my horgo at tho Iun bofore golug to Ln~ Chaire, ‘L'here I inquired far my baby guide of former yoors., ‘Ehero, in thostablo-yard, 1 loarnod from ho old man’ who noted a8 ‘my grootn what lind happened to tho hapny cottnge, aud whero its littlo quoon hind gone. Lulu was dond ‘* Monsicur romembors lior aunt,” tho man snfd, “n protty, dark girl, with cheoks liko peaches, and velvel oyes, * Dovce Manotte,' tho Hishors eallod hor ; but for all hor beautifn! oyes they did vot find hor *douce’ to them, Lo bon ion knows how many lovera sho had in the vil- supo lioro; hut never none got inside tho cot- tage room whore Manotte waslied and sewed, and kept caro of Lulu whilo grand’'mere was away at work; nover o one of them alltill Philip Gor- don, 1 private from the garrison thero, found his way up tho hillpath, und into Manotte's willful honrt. Al, Dieu! from ihat day all went wrong. Gordon was au idle, dizsolute vort of follow, and the grand'more would have nono of him. Sho found out that ho spont evory sou in folly as #oon as it camo ; that his ofiicors lookoed on him 28 a black sheop; aud that, for aught his com- rades know, he might have a wife in overy gar- rison town alrendy, La grand’mero turned himn out of tho Louso tho :lrat timo sho caught him thore, and forbade Maueite to see or speak to him again, * Munotto dioboyed, ¢ Ono can not judgo thoss things, m'sieur, eh ? Porhaps tho grond'moro was over hersh. Per- baps Gordon persuaded the girl that ho was & viotim to erucl ealumny and injustice—ca passo, Every time bo could gat leave in the dny, when 0ld More Le Brun was nway, ho used to como to tho'cottago ; and Lulu, hu{:py and mportant, kopt guard A sentinol at the door while tho lovess talkked, Wo in the village knew it all; and whon we saw ¢ p'tit Lulu? serambling down tho bill-pnth with one litle baud grasping tho neok of hor piuafore, more than one of us guess- od that Manetto had tucked o scrap of papor i thoro with a message for her soldior-lovor. Lulu Iiked tobo Lusy, you know, m'siour; her littlo foot nover tired of runuing errauds for the foll sho loved. “ Ono day the end of all this arrived. ** Tho regimont was ordered to leave Jorsoy abruptly, and Gordon with diffieulty contrived to let Manotto know that he would be with her by & certain time to esy *‘Good-by,’ and make ar- rangements for their future. Behold! as if by malice, that vory day More Lo Brun Lia! rheuma- tism, and would not go to work, or suffer Ma- nette to leave hor. Porhaps sho suspected. Diou snit, At any rate thore she was, and there was Maonette, wild, rostless, miserable, and droadiug overy moment that Gordon would ap- ?‘ou. At lnst an iden etruck hor. She callad uly, and bade bor run down tho path, meot hor lovor, and keep him away, Lulu wont at onco, ‘The grand'mero saw the child scampor off, and oried’s **¢ Como back, p'tit e]lagt. it goos to rain hard! Come then, wicked ono ** Helna! you kmow Lulu, Sho was willful, la petite, ana ‘she loved Manette more than_ tho bard old grandmothicr. Bho ran on, not heeding. It was n bleack, stormy day, like this, but_worso. Groat drops of rain began to fall ; and Mers ‘Lo Drun, afraid for tho child, bade Manctto go and fotel her hack, Figure to yoursolf how gladly hor daughtor ohoyed! Sho flow off liko n hara, her face all ono rose of joy. ‘hen I supposs ln frrmd'mnro suspected. Bhe rose up and fol- jowed ; nud there, & littlo way from the path, all among the foins and stones on the sharp slopo of the hill, stood Gordon with Manetto in his arms, and Lulu sitting on a point of rock bosida them, gorene and suniing amid all the rain and atorm, “1g all ]lanened in one second. = * Tl girl saw hor grandmothor's threntening face ovor itor lover’s shoulder und started back, Gordon throw out his arm to keep her, and somehow, by nceldent, knocked * p'tit Lulu’ off hor rock by tho jerk of bLis olbow. Then thora came o great blaze of lightning, & sh of rain which frightoned them all. They heard Lulu cr{', and tried—all three—Lo save her as shoe foll, fell, fell, rolling from rock fo rock over the forus and brambles. M'sieur, you are pale; you guess, it was quite useless. Tho old woman was 8tifl ; Gordon lind Lo think of Manetto lost #ho tuo, shouldelip and dash horsolf down. ‘When they reached the bottom, Lulu lay thera upon tho stoues quito still und whito, her little oody all brokon, hior hands torn and bleeding. Dend, m'sicur ? Enu, gtone dead, Thero was ono cut on the little head, ull amoug tho yollow curls —you could havp put your hand in it, “They buried hor three days later. All the noighbors round came to see hor laid in holy ground, la petit ange. Thero was not a dry oyo, alongionr can comprohend; Lut the regiment hnd goue bofors them, Gordon with it, and Iy grand'mero could not leuve Manctte, who lay ill of & fover in lior bad. *‘Pauyre fillo! she did not die; but it was full fivo weoks bofore sho could oven sit at the cot~ tage-door agnin; and then her bomnty was all gone ; hor skin yollow, her oyes dull, like an old, old woman. I do not thiuk her brain was over quite right after that; sho would look #o wanly at you, aud say, ‘Lulu, Taulu,” over aud over again in o dull, hopelass way ; then ery out in groat agony, or croop away to weop. I think sho know her folly and wrong» doing had killed the innocent lamb who loved her, and could not live it down. Poor Manatto | ono_day I grand'merc shut up hor cottage and carried hor away. Sho said tho neighbors talked about thein ; aud our poor are very proud, vn{'z- Thev went away to Froueo all i & day; and einco thon the houso is ompty, ‘There is no little face to laugh out at. you ; no child to take the place of ‘p'tit Lulu.'" Turopore Q1re, OUR CHILDREN. As tho fragranco of tho rose: A3 it floats upon thio brcez As the volco of featherod sungater, At it warbles from the treos; As tho singlug of tho brooklet, As it murmurs through tho Valoy As the Bong of Lirds at oven, Wit their noft and peusive wail; As tho glory of the morning, 1 Wheu 1he sun dispels tho gloom 3, ' Astho beauty of tho lnudscnpe, When 1t's clud in early bloom s As the beauty of tho dfamond, When it sparkles in tue light, | Arotho vofces of our children, A they swaotly soy, llnu«bn‘ly\li " . F. Cuas TR, —— A Slight Mistakes Tuo Cinelnuati carrospondent of the Oleve- lan| Leader tolls this storyabout tho rdven- turg of a stranger in tho Conetitutional Con- vonton of Chio: Alpruce, trim follow onmo into the Conven- tionyn "Luceday, bofore it bogan businoss, o nmux kind of restless, liko n cat in a strango garrd, oud hung sround tho Clerk's desk in n timidmanner, wailing for vome ouo to ask him what jo wanted, but no one agked him, and he finnllymusterod up courago to fnqu'~o of one of tho Berotaries for the Chiof Clork, and Rhodes was pynted out to him, and the shadows of sus- panso oft Lis anxious face as ho approached the solemBeorotary and said ; T hilieve you ara the Clerk ; well, I want to Join thi Convention.” Dud boked at hini Inquiringly, and said: ** Walt to do what P 1 wit to jomn this Conyentlon," A tookof pity and commisoration come over Dud’s tloughtful face, as doubts of the follow'a sanity bgan {o dawn “fn“ him, and ho said; £ Why my doar sir, 1 don't underatand you,"” “*Why,I am from Indianapolis [and lio grow four inclps taller] ; I um acquainted with Gon, Hol. Morelth and Gov, llondrioks (ho straight- ona'l abow\four inches more] ; and I want to Join this Cavention! Thiy 14 the Short-Horned Couventlouain't it 7" A drowned in | Mozart ol the eame day, Bhort-lorned Cattlo Convauul:lmd{snt :\t and the ogal from Lndianiolis Bad got tiogemalxed. \ \ THE FARM AND GARDEN. An Opon Wintor-<The Rending of Stallkatdelds i WinterssWater for Ke=Eeoding of Dairy«Stockes The WintersFucding of coi=Uattio weShoep tn the CornsElek ho Grungers at ‘Polono==-The Ohlengo MradossTho PIoweNlnkory-=I1ow D= . plomonts Wit 2o Soldestlow Local Munumstures of Fwmplem % Avo The Wiy Out o Old From Our Agrieultural Correspondent. Unaxeearax, 10, Doc, 18, 1879, ‘Tho indications ave !ioking movo and mors to an opon wintar, and this will noed make somo cbango in ragard to turning STOCK INTO THE CORN-BTALX FIELD § a3, durtug tho doft woather, the Lramping of the cattlo will bally pouch up the soil, and sorlously damago 1& for the noxterop. In mauy payts of tho Wast it in customary to turn cattlo into theso stall-flolds, and, if tho ground is frozon, no harm will be done, but much good, for tho stalls oacomo hroken down, the loaves sro fod off, and thoen the droppings of tho stock on- rich tho noil. Iut, whon the woil is wet, tho offeot ii junt tho roverso; for tho tramping hos tho pamo offect ns plowlng it whon vory wot, which, most cultivators know, fn ruinous to tho cropn, Thera stalk-flelds nra oflen rented by cattlo- fordors, tha pricoe beiug trom 76 oonts {0 82 por nere, 'Tluy ofton tompts the farmer to allow of Lho fooding at fmproper times, ns no stocd should Lo pormitted i tho fleld whon tho ground is not frozen, or unloss tho soil iy ¥o dry that no impression is mnda on [t. Ono othor thing must be taken into tho ne- count in the pasturiag of theso flelds, and that 1800 ADUNDANT SUPPLY OF WATER, Many cattlo are lost evory winter for tho want of this preeaution, A lot of yonug stoelk is turued into one of theso fields whon tho ponds aro open, but a cold term comes on, and the noglect to icop tho water-holes open results in the deatn of moro or leas of tho stock, Such dryt food must have an abundant supply of wator, In Now York the corn is cut up and placed in small sliocks, and theso aro bonnd firmly at the top, 5o that they donot fall down or got blown over, And thie small shocks cure out nud do not mold, 08 is somotimay the case with largo ones, Au’ farm-barns incrosse, nd farms boeamo smoller aud better cultivated, we shall seo the corn-ptalks MONE GENERALLY UTILIZED than at preeent, Among the Eigin dairies no Inconsiderablo attontion is gven to tho corn- atalks, aud they nro in the labit of eutting up thoir corn-crop boforo the approach of- frost, or oy #oon &8 tho ears bogin to havdon., At that stago tho corn-fodder 18 of gronter value, and ia much rolighed by the dairy-stock. THE BNALL FARMER ¢ will find it to his advantage to thus utilize bis coru-stalke, ny, when proparly cured and fod In povt with hiny, the stock will ‘do botter than with all hay. TNE MANNER OF FEEDING in to turn tho cows out after milking, and tofeed tho slolks In tho open yard, leaving the cows in the yard until lmoe for the coming milkivg, when thoy sro put in the stall, and first given n feed of oats and corn-menl, to o followed with o feed of hrough tho day they have free nceess to and, with this kind of feeding, the cows lreop inflno order and give agood yield ot mulk. When farm-hands can afford to do this kind of work, tho hauling of the cocu in the ehock from the field, aud tho Worl(in%,’ and the feeding, for winter-wages, there will be mors winter-worlk, nand both tho farmor and tho laborar will bo hono- fited thoroby. RBub there arc thousands of amall farms in which no hired abor is employed, It is theso that should cut and shock the corn as soon a8 it is in condition. In caso the farmer dosires to sow the corn-stubble to spring-whoat, oats, or barloy, tho ouly preparation thut it wiil require in the apring s to cultivato in tho secd with his riding-cultivator, and finish with tho lnrrow. This {8 upon tho presumption that tho corn hns been kopt cloan during the noason. If tha field iu Lo be replanted in corn, it will bo fn bottor condifion, with t5o stalls off of it than is now generally the cage. 'Cho timo must come when there will be no demand for o machino for cutting off the old ntalks, for the purpase of plowing them under tho furrow., That wo are to farm on A MORE NARROW MARGIN, ig also quito ovidont, as we shall uso less bor- rowed capital, ond, to this oxtont, losson tho cultivated avon; sud this will lerd ns to study many little poiuta of cconomy n the applicstion of our labor. Iam aware that most of onr corn- Fm‘mm look upon tho corn-stalks as of very ittle valuo; buy they may in time come to ehango their mind, a3 in the cage with the East- orn farmer to-day, who, if he could have access to onr corn-flolds for tho Lraeding of his atock, would be happy. 1IN THE WINTER-FEEDING of stock,—aud this include those for the butcher, —shockecorn, as it is callod, is of no smsll value ; and, whon a due proportion of hogs are pitt into tho foeding-lob with tho caitle, it is o question if it doos not pmy as woll ns to busk the corn, grind, and feol tho meal. U'his latter plan adds mueb to the cost for lebor for the feeding, and it is possible that uulllinf would o galned. Tho blg steors sold by tho lute Mr. Dye, of Ford County, were fed in this manuer, aud at 4 veara old tipped tha esles b 1,800 each, and sold nt 7 centy, live woight. And yot the small farmers will find it to their interost to cut up their corn, husk aud foed the stalks sop- urato from tho corn, and, in cnses when pos- siblo, to feed thecornin the form of maal mixod with onts or barlay. TIUE NUMBER OF SMALL FATME— that i, those of 80 to 160 ncrou—areincroasing, ns the largo farms are divided among hoivs, or sold on various accouuts ; and it is tho object of the ownars of these to make their limited actes pro- duco tho largost possiblo value, and it is this that will induce thom to make the most of tho coru-crop, After wo lay by the corn-crop,—in other words censo to enltivate,—there Bprings up a late growth of woods and of the autumn grassos, Now, what we need is s fow sheop to be turned into tho corn-fiolda fow honrs daily, and ail those weeds nnd grasses will disappear, and we shall havo a clean field at tho time of the cuttin) up of tho corn, and for the seeding to the small graing, if wo chooko, in the following spring; and_this, it nothing clse, should appeal to our Logislature for an efficiont. D0G LAW, that ehould encourage tho keeping of small flocks of sheep on the emall farms, The large vumber of worthless curs should no longoer monopolize our live mutton, and provent tho full dovelopment of shoeep-husbandry. A small inclosure would do for a dozen or 8o of Cots- wolds or Southdowns, and, s thess would be ncenstomed to Landling, thoy could be made use- ful on all parts of tho farm, as well as to givouy asmall profitin wool and ‘many good feasts of rich mutton. When a boy, my father kept from twonty-five to thirty’ sheep of the long-wool Dbreeds, and the incrénse of tho flock wasnged in tha family, and the result wag an abundant sup- plyof mutton, The wethers Were gonerally stall- fed, and tho meat in part salted as we do boef, Now, our Illinols farmers must go lo tho butchier for thoir frosh ment, or fall buck on tho sypplies of side-park or bacon, TIE GNANGERH AT TOLONO havo not had the smoathest sailing in the world, but at laat they have come down to rolid bottom. In tho first place thoy tried to kite s littlo an watered stock, following in tho footstopu of the mouopolists, whom thoy had been loud in con- domuing, Agrnhx-wnrelmuun was purchased at 17,600, and money was to ba raisod for the purpose of ruuniug tha iustitution, o provide for this, a stook company was orgnnized, with a capital of $100,000, in shavos of $26 each. In the meantime, elght porsons atepped forward und made the first paymont on the warehouse, aud put it in_running order. Just then cama tho panic, and the patrous who had promised to tako stock backed out on various pretoxts, the most sorious of which was the mausgement. Thus things stood for mauy weoks, But bottor counsels y])mvmlnm Tho_stock-watering was givon up, and a new assaciation was formed, with & capital of $20,000, nud shares $25, all of which wus tobe paid in full in instulimenta, and 10 per cont of this has been {)uid in and now the institution is apparently in the most promising condition, Those who promised to subseribe stook in the first inatance, on tho busls of paying in ouly 20 por cout, beoamo nlarmed, aud feared that, fu tho ond, thoy would hava to make np the full amount, whon the watering would bo loss upparent. No doubt thoy had been reading about the Republican Firo aud Lamar Insuranco Componios, 1f, indeed, somo of themn had not taken atoek in tho rich promieos of thoir orig- inators,. Do this as it may, tha stock of the new association was roadily tuken, tho manegor changed, and to-day ovarything in regard to the ,flnu Wenrs an sspoct of business-liko succous, Thero aro two other warohouses in tho place, .pud womay expoot a_good. loulthy compatition to grow out of thenow arrangomeont. Laut week the price of corn was, for new, #8 conta ; old, 45, or within 6 cents of the Chicago market, ‘Thly shows that OHICAGO MIGHT QKT TUX CORN from that point, provided thay the Ilinols Qantral could afford to haul it at 10 contapor 100 pounds, which wouldbo 5 6-10 conts a busbael, The distanco i 187 miles, With cheapor raile road Inbor and _chionper ateal, it is vory probable Uit this will bo done, if 1t eaunab bo at prosont, for Chieago cannot afford to loso the trnde of thin Imrl, of tho State, which ia now slowly ang Huro! { pasing away. It apponra Lo mo um{ it in an ol }mn to hold tho trado, ovon though no proflt wns mude in it nt prasont, ns, on the cons plotion of tho ronds leading to tho Hoosno T nel, and the harbor-fmaprovemonta that iust Tolfow nt Port Ontarlo, Little Bandy, aud Hone derson Harbor, tho routo from* Chiongo must be uotonly tho choapost in summor, but will hold ita own Iu tho wintar. Our Clubs and Grangos ATE COMING DOWN from tholr lofty flights, and are just now consulting the ~multiplication-table * and the rulos of addition and subtraction, which 8. proving o more businoss way of ronching roform. The hundred thousand dollars of watorod stock that the Tolona Grangora woro to flaunt in tho faco of the monopolist made little imprassion, whilo tho #20,000 of solid cash that thoy are to put in nlrm\df bogius to tell. This “resoluting” ho hinu closed doors and darkened windows will ot move tho crops Enstward or brosk down monopoly, but it requires onorgy, tact, and rendy cash In order to succoed, It 1w now ‘m)tty wi'l attlod that tho 'Uolonn Grangers will take caro of themuolyos, ginco they have como down to tho well-gstablishod Inws of bustness. 1t {8 easy Yo forasos how the WAL LETWEEN THE FARMERS AND THE PLOW: SIAKERS Will end, ns thora is but ono way out of it, and that is, tho trudo in plows must come down ta tho samo lnws that govern othor manufactures: to woll to all reruonu like quantities of goods at tho samo uniform prico for the same sy, Ifan tmplemont-doalor ‘order of Jobn Daoro & Co. twenty plows, ho is to have thom; and, if the Bacrotary of a Grange or Farmers' Olub makos a aimilar order, Lo is not to bo rofused, A manus facturer miglt e woll say, “I will soll ox- clustvaly to people of tho Methodist Chureb, and oll of my agents shall bo Mothodist clorgymen ; and, if peoplo of other donominations want m; goods, they must go to my agonts for thom." At tho Pmnunb stago of things, that sort of doc- trine will not pass for good, sound, businoss #onso, aud the plowmakers will bo compolied to lot othor people appoint agonts for the sale of fholr warcs, No man has o monopoly of plows, reapors, or other implements that dyw farmors canuot do without, and an attompt to compol trado to take somo side-channol WILL NOT BUCOEED, Tho dry-goods morchant, tho grocer, the harde ware-doslor, the druggist, and most othor trades purchase their goods aud take the chance of soliing, Thoy must bo tho judgo of what may ho the demand, und make arrangoments to order {from timo to timo a8 their customors may ro. quire, Aud o it must be with the implemont. douler; Lo must purchaso hig goods as do the othor donlors, nud take tho risk of kalo, or ordor from timo to time such goods 8 his customors may golect. In this way he will need no vory largo slock of goods; and, as he mugt havo capital of his own, the manufacturor is doubly assured of prompt pay. TIL DEALERS SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED, ond, in most cases, the farmer enn procura goods of thom as chieap as to purchase dircet, on account of the cheapor freight by shipping large queutitios. When the mevufac.uror refuses tu goll to one party at sll, on account of the color of his bair, or other like valid renson, hio not only Josod n' wnlo of his goods, but permits soma other party to supply the domand, us it 18 out of his power'to compol the partics Lo tako tha #oads of the porson that he has appointed ta ko tho sale, It in thia kind of motopoly thal this Farmers' Movement will meot and crush, No doubt they will commit many blunders nf the outwat, us did the Tolono Grangors; buf that thoy will come ot TIONT IN THE END, as did these Grangers, Is_pretty eclf-svident, 1 am awaro that the combination of tho plows makors have thus for kept the rotail tradein their own hauds ; but the bonds sro wenkening, aud other plows aro coming on tho market, end theso will tind purchasors. ~ Within tho past yonr tlus course s heon slowly butlding up a farm- ors’ plow-shop it Urbana uhat eells o singlo plow to the farmer at dealora’ rates, but, in all cugos, tho csh mugt bo paid fu hand'; aud this shop, which had for years struggled agninst fate, ix now roaping a success in its uufiou‘urs. 8 plows aro 6ol at thio shop, and the expensd of traveling agent is dispensed with, ‘Ihe combination could do nothing so offectusl to build up A SMALL LOOAL MANUFACTORIZS of implements as tho courso that thoy are pursae. ing. Idomat Lhink that u farmer of this county will need go out of the county to purchaso a tlost- class plow, cullivator, harrow, or wagon, o8 the local shops that the monopolists have Bo oue couraged are bocoming able to take caro of thom- selves, With the old credit system, these small shops conld not live; for they did not have tho capital to carry the goods ; ba, with cash in hand, they are enabled to purchaso their gupplica Irom time to time aa they are required. Then this system of roady pay gives the bankor confie deuco; for he lmows that™ tho munufacturer Ling tho cash or the goods ou haud, and not trusted out all over tho couu?, to slack dobtors, or thoso who cannot be mado to pay. The dealer's profits on a common stirring plow is from &4 to 6, and this tho farmors of this county savo by purchasing of the menufacturer; and thoy caro very little whather they purchase a John Deoro plow, mado at Moline, of ono of tho samo pattern made at any other shop, provided thgt the latter can be had less the dealer's profits. Tho foreign domand for plows is immenso, and the plowmekers of this Stato Liavoe shown great skill in tho manufacturs, and groat bui- Tesg-tact in gecuring o wido a fiold for thoir goods; but the little egotism in appointing their own agents will havo Lo bo TAKEN OUT OF THEM, and any person who wishes to become an agont or dealer, should bave the privilege, providing thut bo has tho funds to pay for all that hLe thinks ho can sall, Thoro was a timo when the farmer put up with what ho could got, and, if o denler would give Liim & long pay-day, ho was uot particular a§ to the price, or aven the quality, of tho goods; but, of lato, t! Iufial\nvu changed, and it has been discovered that prompt pey has a magical iuflus etica, not ouly on tho price, but the quality, of goods. Womay thank 20-cont corn for the ar- gumont, and accumulated dobts for its enfore 1nout, und the way out of the vld state of things iy contuined in two words, TRUDENOE AND ECONOMY; though somo profer two other words that they fancy aro more appropriasto, Those are OABH DOWN, Denlors sometimos reprosent the same pasling up, in lorgo letters, the words, NO CREDIT. Tlike tho firt, for there sre occasional ine stances in which wo may properly aslk for a short indulgenco, or even & ehart losn ; but these Tust bo dictated by prudence and enforced by oconomy. It is o broader field of operation, and malkos u man feel ns though something was loft to his judgment aud discration. In introducing & new article it may bo well to appoint Apecial agents ; but, m the present stage of tho implomont trade, there is no reason why it vlall not take tho same conrso as that of regu= Iar doaling, allowing the businoss the sumo open campotition, Tho losses by the present arrange- ment are vory large. and it is time that wo have 1 chango mora in accordanco with the laws of trado, "Buch a change must inure to the advan- tago of tho manufacturers as well as to the peo- qu, aud is demanded by tho new order of hings that 1s sweepiug awsy mouopolies of all kinds, It is mot the policy to cripple any of thess manufactures, for they supply & part of the moans by which wo ara cuabled to compete with the cheap Isbor of Europe. Manopolics like thoe sewing-mackinea must como to an end, as the spuwit of tha aga will not continuo to tolorato thom. Wo are within bounds to stato that the cons sumor pays an avoragoe of MORZ THAN 100 PER CFNT over the cost and manufacturors’ profita on agriv cnltural implements, sowing-machines, and other things required on tho farm. This has bocoma on intolerabla drain on our resources, and we now propose to abato the overcharges, and put ourselvos in more direct contaet with tho manue facturers, and by the cash-system rid ourselvon of tho bad dobts of othiors. When this is doue, thio manufacturer, the denler, and the farmer will bo ou bottor terms, and be more sooure in their businoss-relations, Last woek, ab the Iorticultural meeting, I mot o mu'nur{mun, Who told me that his salos cash or "thirty days, und that ho had out of theso salog, of which none wero loss then six months ovorduoe, 81,700 ; oud that horeafter ho mus' domand cush in Laud, a8 he woa sutiefled thub at loast 2600 of the above asmount would prove insolvent. OASH THINTY DAYH AND OASIL IN UAND sro two differont thinge, and though not so con« sidered, yos tho facts hiayo domonstrated it to ba #o, Dontors must tako lees risks iu the way of bad debts, and thoy will be enabled to sell goods ou & loss margin of protits, The Grangers and Farmeors’ Clubs want little to do with munufacturing or warchousing, aud £hould not touch them, save in go far as ia necoss sary to protoct tholr intorosts, as their businosa 18 with thoir farms, which glve thom full ome ploywent, Dunag, thing by W