Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 18, 1873, Page 2

-] and that wo demand tho utter repeal by Congress of 1lio Iaw known aa thio Balury-grab entire—Prosidontial, Congresstonal, and all, TIFE COST OF TRANSTORTATION, tiarles W, (racn, of Jucksonville, roud a paper on “Tuo Cost of ‘Irausportation,” glving Lis oxperieuce in trausporling Gen, Dank' troops 80 miles, whon on thelr way to tho Hed River, Durlug eovonty- twa hourk, Liventy-uiuo trafus of twonly cutd enchh wero moved, Ut kn cxpenso to the Gompuiy of ahout 3,700, Lo netual cost of transporiation wonid be ihitninjsbed 60 Lhe awmout (ranaporfod tuerensed, Tuo REMEDY FOI EXISTING THOUNLES would best bo found In siel legialation ns shonld pre- vant oxcesstvo oxpendituees for constrietion_and ope- 1atdon, +uce whe ovor roags ara bulit the peoplo along thic Hiic mitt-t cventunlly pay for then; dn granling chiarters which sull forbid tho sulo of bonds or stou at leas thau t]‘hr valo; in legislative ennolmonts whicl ehall furbid Coligressiouinl, Blate, county, or townebip subscriptious, now o source’ of greul abuee, {n enuctients whicl shall hold each officer of hio comganles to a strict accountabliity of his stewnrd- ebip, not only to tho Board of Dirceiors ond to the stockbollers, but to tho goneral pubile, for Whoss bon= A1t tho road Is prosumed to bo primarily constricted, nt loast 80 lowg ns chiartor privilegos wro oxerelsed § b, roquiring (hat in caso of jnubliity to provido sulliclont rolllupeetock to porform the busincss of tho rond ut &' reasonablo rate, tho Company Hhall pormit any party to furnish and put on care for such toll as shull o mlflxdgul roasonublo and right, rof, Emerdon, of Virgiulo, contended that tho raflronds shoukl bo u’mnucd in conforaily with the principles of uational law and national justice, Thoy ro tho peay du's highways, und_shiould do the peopte’s Didding, Tho quustion wug, How uro Ihnf to bring Lt sbout—by Stato or by Natlonal leglslation? e suggestad tho foilowlug TLAN OF GOVERNMENT for tho consideration of (ho Cummitico on Resolu- tonw: That tho prevont provisious of tho State Con- stitution on vatiroads De repealed ; that a Board of Truusportation bo eleeted, with summary cou- Yol over 1nilicads; (hut ihin Bocrd requito that all tho nccounta of wl tho raflronds In thio Sluto bo lopt under ita superyision, in o fixed mantor, 1 ono tuillaing in tho Stalo: tiiat tho Board publls o de- taliod account of thionifairs of each rosd each tnonth, In a ciroulur form, to bo sent to stockliolders, editors, ele, ; that the Board bo directed to change all morigages and preforred stock Into conmon slock, aud that uo mora such stock or mortgages bo nllowed ; thut tho Bourd bave summary power 10 ccrreet {ssues of frau- Anlent stocks, boude, mortgages, contracts, ate,, which £ro beyoud thioactual oxpense of butlding raflrosis; that the Bomd el aunual und oxtraordinury meetings of stockbolders s that they ealculale, decreo, and nu~ nonnco all dividcuds on stock, and have power to regii= Inte tho rates o{(r:umlmrunu asseugers, frelght, nnd zars, and tho lime-tables of truin necording to u fixed, sonvonicat, and just system ; that tho Board provide for the ariival and departuro of oll traius on all rail- roads ceulering in tho samo town or city, to and from the matne depot ; that the Doard coufer with simiinr Bonrds and Dapi.yments in other States, nud in the United States, for {he more systematic and efiiclent aceom habinent of its objects, The auggestions wero referred (0 tho Committeo on Resolutions, BMISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS, A GOOD WORD FOR LEAIILATORS, Mr, Harl, of LaSalle, memor of the Legislature, depreeated the wholesale denunciution of Representa- {4ves and Senators, The fatmors wero to Llame for the presont condition of things. Why aro thoy not botter ropresented lu tho Leglsiaturo? Do they ex- pect men whose interest iR contrary to_thelra to tnact such lawa as the farmors demand 2 Such mon should not be sent to Sprivgfield. Tho furmers should go to the ballotebox ud vote {o accuro repre- scutation $u proportion to thelr fulerests, [Applause.] s TILE NEW NAILTOAD COMMISRIONER, 2Mr. Qurry, of DeKslb, read nn exiract {Xom a newapa- per aunouting the appoutment by the Governor of James Steele, of Parls, us a member of tho Board of Roliroud ana’ Warehouse Commissioners, vico Col, 1T, D. Coul, deceased, Tle (Cuiry) hud uotling to eny sbout Stoele poraonally, but bis ‘qualification for rep~ rerenting tho producing clasres wus, that Lo wus Cashiler of o Nallonal Bank, He belioved such quali- deatjon wus not ono thut would commend bim to tho 00 Judgment of tho furmers, [Applause.] INDEPENDENCE OF OLD PANTY TIES, Conslderablo discussionfoilowed, end the following secolution wus offerod by Houton, nud referred 3 tiew.ved, That tho past record of lko old political parties of this country 4 such ue to forfolt the respect 3 tho peovle; aud ihat wo nre, therefore, absolved Irom wil nllegiance to them, aud will act no longer with tew, [Applause.] AFTERNOON SESSION. The following resolutlons wers offored and roforred : NO MONE NAILIOADS NEEDED, By Fosler, of Edwards : WiEnEas, The country {8 now checlored with rafl- roads whicll uro Lioeding tho sgrieuitursl community wiil excersive rates of (ransportation ; (hereforo bo it Jiesulted, "Uhat this Convention doce ot deem it ad~ vigable to Luild nny moro lues of raflrocd at prescnt ; that furlber discursion in regard to tho bullding of Tafiroads s & uscloss an‘l unvies wasto of time, sud tat wo ato at prusout fatere lod lu_coutrolib tho roads already built, and to thiis end wo carnestly de- mond that our Legishture (Lall stand by the laws already chuoted, oudl maka such amendmenta nn will securo the eufortement of the suwo for (he benofit of tha wholo people, TUL NECD OF COMBINATION, Dy Sutherluud, of Buzean : Jicaodsed, Thot we con and must, combino so that wo can fix 3 fiF muximum price for tho products of our forms, in order o protect oursclven ogulust monopo- des, ©O-0PERATION DESIRED, By Stevens, of Piatt: Itesolied, Tout thla Couventlon ssks mothing but sglitand 'justice for themselver, and coucedes (ho lan (o ulf other persons alikte, Wao therefore usk tho so-operation of ull men, of ull the various calliugs in tocicty,—of morclnuts, mechnules, aud the profes- tiens,—to uid us in our efforts to put awny monopoliey m ‘among us, oud establish the relgn of justice sud squulity, qmm’ugd, ‘That we wage no war ngalnst raflroads, or 1gainst capltalists om siicl, but ouly ngalust such ore Jauizations of capitul as huve songht’ legislutive eunet— 2ents to enrich thomseives at tho oxpenso of labor “ud of cupital not protected by any partleulsr legisli- siou, A NEW PARTY WANTLD, Dy Porwell, of Jetkoy : Witnwas, T potitical partles of the eonntry have seimjunily ingleciod tho ugeicullural interest, and smiefuily disregardod the rights of (ho peoplos icclved, That The farmers it themsolves louse from sll party ukeoctution, sud_rully under o Lonuer Lroud suough 1o ombrace ull 10 fuyor of Juit uoh an op- oosod to monopolics, to corruptior, to_ vxiravagunco, wibe furlher douatlon of yublic lunds to railroads, 1 to the excation of uncoutrolicd monopaly. CONDEMNING THE SALANY-GItAD, Dy Oglesby, ut DoWite: WiresiEas, Tho Seonts of the Stals of Iilinols yo- Fuswd o furs u resolution ccusnifug the Gobyress of shio Unitui States for Lho pusege of that_usbominable fyt juercatitg (o euluries of membors of tuat body, ltcavtrcd, ‘Chut this Farmers' Convention do uk tlat tedy to take innedtat uction, aud ehow to tho worid, tike tho Legislature of Obfo, thut thoke {n authority snnot sieal tho people’s mohey without . condens 2ation of this Couvention, [Applause.] NEW LINES OF LAILROAD, Dy Coy, of Uenry ¢ Iipaalieh, Tuat thio bullding of new lines of raflroads 1a 1he busidst, chespeat, snd specdiost way of obtiiuing ess ruten ot freiglis, ' (Loughicr.] COMNELCK DEIWELN GTATES, By Thomp:on, of Alacou : Liesalvud, 'Plut under (ho Constitution of the Unitod Sticer, which enye : * Qungress sloll liuvo yower to Zugulte commereo between the diflcrent Btates,”” 1t fn e myerative duty of thut body to regalata 1ho raten a1 sl rowgh Hues of ratiroads or canals, . TENSONAL TO IAILIOAD COMMISSIONL STERLE, 3y Putnfys, of Mebuan 3 WittiA, Wo uro informed Wit Mr, Steole, latcly spr.ointod LY tho Govarnot 10 tho office of Raflway sud Warcuuuse Commfssloner, 18w stuckbuider wud DI~ cector in b ratlroud In this'Stato, uud Cashier of o rail- bauk ; therefore, Iced, Thut wo regard such sppolntmont os n di- reot thrust ut the futerost of the produciug elasses by tho Lisceutive, sud Wo risy ostfully ok tho Senato o refusa Lis confirmation fo that oftico, REGULATION OF PUEIGHT TARIFFA, Dy Gollum, of Cunton : Zicauieud, 'Pat locul Frelght sball Lavo tho procedonco In traueit fn Diinols over ihrough froight nud furthier, 1hat roads of tho kume gaugo shall transport (rcigt of olber rouda at the £ame Tatea s that of tglr owa. COLLEGTION OF TAXES, By Mr, MeGuire, of Woodford Jieaoleed, That wo_respecifully ask the Tegislatura fo_pontpon the colloction of *faxes until uu 1st of iy, wud Wt 1 be uiongut tho Srst work of o s ity JOME MANUFACTORIES WANTLD, By Mr. Butterworth, of Adums: Kesoleed, That wo rorommend the encouragement of the wolufuctuting iuterest und the eatabliehing of mory munufuctories 1t thy Weat o8 one of tho groat practicul fnanclal beuetha {o our sgrieultural iitor- e=th, bringiug operatives to consutne vur products uud gi¥e us tuw munnfoctured articlos near ot lowe, and Lnus uvolding lurgely the extortionate rallroud cluirges, FOREION TONNAUE, By Mr, Davls, of Stephennu Iies0:vea, Thit wo usk Congross to repeal the law preventing foralgh veasels from purbiclputing fn our astiug-rade, 4 DESOLUTION ADOUT RESOLUTIONS, BIr, Turner, of Morgan, offcecd rosolution calling npon delegates to concentrato tholr iro on ono or two paliite, wnd not firo u genoral ahot ut all craation, o Vresident roud & paper went by tho Hon, Amaas Welksor, Ho snid agricultuce was greatly deprossed, und for buveral yeara Liud heew less prosperous thun olher Topuriments of business, Thuro weeo two causes for £ Oub wus the HIGI CHARGES FOI THANSPORTATION, No other power than thut of tho Natioual Govern- wmont through Cougressionul Ieklvlation was adequata w0 grapplo wuccerstully with the tremendous concens irutiol of corporate futoreuls with which thoy would aaye o coutou, , Juo other cuus was tho falao and disgracuful condie tHou of OUN MONETARY RYATEM, “Thio prices of (Feat stupica wero 1o ligher now, on an uverugo, thun before the War, while wil other come wioditiew hud udvauced from 23 fo 60, and in muny zubes T4 ot eent, Furmers should Gapeckully dirodt ioir wihudu fo {Ho cousideration of this wutier, 1¢ ey examined 1, thoy would flud the reault to e tat the country producos u surplus of cereals, e, that Ukt Lo eent ubroad for 3 markel, wul consequontly must Lo sold e wiit tol ur WortsIn yobl, Varmers’ produsts o suld ut gold prices, plus what little gold premium thero iy b, whilD ull tuey consuimo st bo purchused ot surtendy prices frum 25 L 76 per ceut iigher, in cone seqienco 0f 1o excessive volumo of our puger money, {ero wis on of th catines of tw dopression of thelr Inctustry—selliug b low aud Lighig st Ligh prices, Wheit they dincovered this thoy would domand o RETURN 'LO BPECIE PAYMENRT, 12, du sdduion, thoy cuuld sugire Lo roteotion of (o Governmont ' ugalust the fuportuntifes of riil- goails, thoy woilld buve u still grouter Lulauve in their favor, ‘Tlioy ought to ubite thelr voices aud their HE CHICAGO DAILY 'TRIBUNI: HURSD. DECEMBER 18, w73 votea in favor of the conteaction of the currénoy Hll ot pur withi gold, 11 tioy did thls thoy would aceom- plish thoir ohjoit, atnue thoy hold thy balanco of Jowor and can dictate such (crmn an thoy plenre, lolr dntorests wers fdentical with thowo of ofhior puoplo, but thoy mever avuld Lo promoted by tho fesuo nf paper mons Wero o hundred or a thousnnd millions more i1 greod- backs or bule notes put I cirgulation, ngrloditurel products would not bo fucrensed in valiio oue pentsy 3 fox niich: Iuane, whilo it could not raiwe (ho prico of thedr roducts in ferefen marlefv, would onbance tho cont af unto productfons snd all ofbior vxponses of Jiving, All indusirial futorests woukl roceive omon- {la) ndyantaga from the rostoration of & sound stund- ard of valuo, No o-cupation would bo fujurod by it, A vontmetion of currency, which® would bo indicwted by ftn bolmg ab' pur with - gold, would make® money plenty and cheap, Tuis might roem paradoxieal, but uu(nhuil:uuhl o more trie, Tho niost pos ve oviduncs of 1t wi before the poaple ai tho prorout moireat, Was uob money mora Acarce and tho rate of futercst highor than over kiown Lo- fote, aud yot wora Iiora noc ovor $700,000.000 of paper motioy in clionlation to-duy, sgansl $200,000,000 be- foro the War 2 Tho guestion of resumpifon wan pe- cwliariy n Westorn quicstion, for tho reuson thiut the Wast was dutorested noro than any otlior acction of tho couniry in havl llf it bronght about, If thoy wishad 0 & cure n falr compotitiou among the varlous industrics of the natton, 1f thoy wonld have money plenty und intorest Tow ; It thoy would llko fo wmks purchases and snlen by'the sumo atandord und 1 £ Just oud enqunl prices, thoy must unito ull tholr encrglés for (ho roe Aoratfon of tho cireulniing mediun to e it gold, and Lo not diverled from thefr purpose by any of tho apclous Lut delueivy sclicmea or u¥olding o fuovit- able, DIKCUSSION ON TIIE PAPER, A dolegato moval th it Hha papsr b dozlared a bore, The Chuir ruled i motion out of order, Oglesby, of McLean County, offored n_rosolution providing'for tho reforence’ of lengtliy papers tos commiitee, to o approved by thom biforo they aro read, It was votod down by docided mujority, THE FINANCES, . A dosiro hiaving beon oxprosacd to hoar nll sides of o financial question, that thio dologates tight ather iileas, Boouo, of Jo Daviews County, aubmittiod A I'LAN OF FINANCIAL NELIKF which hosald was doviued williont cousultation with tho monopoly power, Thoy shiontd Lo o unit in o ninding it would bensfit thio greatest juinber, Tho presout bnukiug syetem wus tho koyatone which ujbeld he monopoly arch, 8o fr as ho hnd broached this plan to boukers, ney Liad opposed {t, hience ho concluded ho wak right, 100 instated upon lind Lefng accepted as socurity fur loana from the BSisto to tho citizen, 08§t was tho most ollicient weapon tho producing classes could usp in emnncipating thomselves from tho tyranny of monop= olg, Hixplun was as followe : o Becretary of tho Treasury slinll bo nuthorlzed o fasuo loans lu legal-tender notea lo any applicant who sbull furuish thorefor o first MOFEugo Ao- curlty on nany improved Jawds within the f!\flllllt‘fiou of the United Stules, the amount of soid oane lesa 6 per cont discount for the intorest for ono year not to exceed two-thirds the taxable value of sald lands, Interest (o be paid theroafter ane nually fu advance at ony moncy-order Post-Ofice dteslguated for the purpose within the county wherein sold ands are situsted, the privelpal not to ha en- forend exeept in defuult of tho paymont of intorost ; ‘provided, howover, it may be paid {u wholo or in part nt the optiou of tho burrawer, The Secrotury of the U'reasury shall be authorized to {esno legal-tender notos tu tho full face mnouni of United Btates bonds any applicant #holl furnish os security for the sume, jrovided fho interest on mald bonds shall cease while remainiug on doposit, The Secrotary elall bo autborized (o return to the Natfonal Bunks the Londa now on deposit to aes curo thew eurreticy to a amonnt cqusd to the currency presented for tbat purpose, and tho iuterest on ail nuld bonds remnining un duposit eball coaso from ato, The Secretary ehall be_authorized to rodecnt with Londs bearing not to oxceed 4¢ per cent interest any ontstanding legal-tender s10tes or further fssues of the same when prevented In suma of §i0 or other deelg- nated amounts, provided sucl Londs shiall not be Bub« Ject to any tax whatover, Ou motion, the thauks of the Assoclntion ware tone dered to Mr, 'Booua for preparing tho payer. James A, Orelghton, of Wayne, ‘tead " ths following paper on co-operation Jn buylng and selling * CO-OPERATION IN DUYING AND SELLING, In discussing thia question, I shall consiier sfmply, will it pay the farmor? Can bo gave monoy by co- operation n buylng and seiling 7 “Tho presont systom of buslug and eolling through & long chain of sgents or middiemen, reachiug from the mauufacturer 10 the farmer, aud back agaiu from the former to the cansumer, is GREATLY 70 'OUR DISADVANTAOE, Wo pay all tho oxpenscs Lolh ways, A mannfac- turer fu oue of our citler, for instaico of renpers or eewing-machiues, in order to reach Lis cusiomers, cmploys o Genoral Agent to tako chargs of bis basincss fu o given territory, under hin a Stwte Agent for each State, and under bim a County Ageat for each couuty, And, fustead of buying of tho mauufacturer, wo biy .of tiie County Ageat, Who gola from 20 to 50 'percent 3 the Btato Ageut, &1y, 10 per cent 3 aud the General Agont, 6 rorcent. So'tlicrols from 3 £ 03 per cont of whit wo puy swaliowed up beforo it reaclies tho manufacturer, Thus, whew we buy n $200 harveatar, ab Teast 35 per cent,—$70,—or, if nu $30 sewlng-machine, &0 per cent, ~—340,—0of what we puy for each muchiue slicks to {ho fingets of that ONNUCHSSANY OMALN OF AGENTH through which theso things reach us, Aud the same s truo of almost every urilcle of merchundieo which tho furmer uscs, Tha smooth-fongued gentloman who ealls on us wilh Iis matched grays oud fino carriago, and per- sundes un that wo need o reaper, or onr wife that slie tiecds n sowing-machine, must bo paid for his visit, His faney 1ig and handsogie salary uta rung from our hard cariings, T'ho manufacturer doos not pay o cent of tha cxpanee, 1fs must hove back all the moncy Lo invests, with s full profita on tho investinent, In aliort, under the presout #ystem, the formor Luys eyeryihing ho uses at an udvaueo of 95 to 100 per cont abovo ot of production, AT LEANT ONE-TIIRD of all (o money ho poys oul gaes, uok to pay {ho cost of manufacturing or producing tho articlo hobiye, but to ny commissions aud prodits {o the ugents uud fer- cluis through whom ho recoivea it, And the eyatem works no botter for him in solling tho products of hfs furm, 1o gells his gratn, for fu- olatice, (0 Lo Lome-dealar, who cousigns it {0 o com- mission-merchant, whom it reachea ufter bo bos puid uspection, insurancee, weighing, drayage, clovator charges, o storage conmissions, and 1st, but uot al- wiys least, stealago, Tho commission-merchiont eclls it 10 the speculntor ; and, finally, the speculntor to the mililer, Beslde all {ho’ othior” profits, charges, nnd commisslns, this efrcuftous route of reacuing luo miiler often {uvolves extra frolght-charges ubove whnt wonld bo necessury to”carry it dircotly from the farm to tho mall,—all of which TUE FAIMER MUST PAY. Itfs very pluf that wvo 1ay vustly mioro for what wo buy thau the manufucturer, producer, or ymporter re- cefves for the samo: md (List we recelyo much lcas for ‘what wo scll than the cousumer pays for it, Helween thio two, there fa full one-lnlf our earnings we never get. Itgo:s topaya host of wselos aud oxponsive Eeryaits, whon man of any other eniag would haye bud tho dconomy uud good weo €0 Luve discharged ong sgo, Thio 1resent aystem of buying and selling_renders tho farmer entirely helpless, Tho buyer und aelior Loth huve it iu their power, and cach considors him LEGITIMATE PIEY, Tn tho spring o plows Lis tiold and plants his seed, T'rom daylight unhil durk Lo labora; from early spring it 1o ikt Gar of eorn s barvesled fn wiktor, July's s orching sun and December's freczing stois aliko find Lim ut bis duily toll, And, when tho frulta of bis sear'a lahor are ready for murkst, doca bo—yod, cin io—count tho capital Lo Lus nvcsted fn his farm, ip Lis team, and $n his tools, {ho expenes of licepiug up Tepniey, and reasounblo wages for his lnbor, und soy, “Thia or that cost me €0 1uch, and, to got pay for my Inbor nud Interest o my iuvesiment, I must hove ko ‘much for corn and #o much for pork? Ho who cats brend and meat must pay the cost of production,” Docs e say {hat7 Canhosay1t? Noi Mo docs not pretend to put s'prico upon Wi own labor, o sime ply gocs to the hu{ar, tho deuler, tho spectlator,—not 1110 cousumer,—with tho product of Llw yoar's lubor in his open hand, and humbly eays, * Hero it s what will you give me for it? Iercls tho cream of iho soll Thavo labored years and lived bord lo buy. I, und wny wite, and my” clildren Lavo tollod Lk plaves to produco’lt, Merolt 183" and 48 MUMDLY AccErTA what tho buyer ‘may cacoss to ofter as tho veticat Leggar would receivo & penny, (Lough the price be uot guuicmln to pay 50 cents per day for tho labor of pro- lucing it, Tat, whenhogoes o the agont or merchant, tho scono’ 18 chunged, From tho smallost 1o tho Lurgeat articio of merchuidiso, tho farmer asks, * What will you take 2% The dealer fixee n prico, and mays, * I inust Lavo my moncy Luck with prodt,” If tho furmer docs mot #eo fit to pay the prico just thon, the mer- chunt puts Lis goods back on 1ho shoif untfl tho furmer 13 compelied to lave (o, und necepts s terms, The consequences of this systen ure, thut TilE, PARMLR I HARD-FOESSED § farming does not yay oxpenses, aud leave anything to support tise farner’s family ; debts accumulaty agaiust Lhin; morigoges sro plied upon his lund ; with bix mieagro income his tuxes prove o hieavy burden ; ho 4 n~table to kpara the timo and meano to educate hin clildren ; hus nolelsro for onjoyment or solf-culturo} und fa doprived of oll the lnxurics and many of the comfurts of life. Tho Lics wulnly tried to remedy this by fncrensed ours of labor, by tiliing mure aeves of tnd, by taxing Dimuolf und his voll to thelr itmosl cuparity to prodiice moro buslels of grafu snd more pounds of meat, But, alns | the more he produces tho less o realizes on it, "Llieso und other kbines have driven s 1o tho will, Wo now stop and think, and resolve to QUAANIZK VDIl BELY-PROTLUTION, It dn obvious thet thers ust be u change : aud, in my Judgment, if pecuniney henefit 14 to be ubtained by orginization, i must be, to a vory yreat dugreo thirough co-operation in buying and sclling, The firal question that will supgest §trels to the ind of p pru- dint man probably W be, s 10 practleal? Can wo adopt o plan of co-operation in buying uud solling (hat Will brdug us somno relfef 7 Can Wo Bo. srrango 1L ns to Dy for lees and sell for more? I think wa ean? I think it 14 practical, We inuet buy direetly of the munufucturer, and foll a8 nearly us possiblo to the con- sumer, When we are onco thoroughly organized fnu large district, say tho Btate of Ilinols, wo can casily make our wauts known to thomanufucturerund wholse sule deator, who would Lo glad to kcere our trada through oy chanuel that woud .fhvn thomn accern to us, ey will uot peraist by eotllng their machinery 0 ugenta, who have 1o e for 3, whien thoy can reuch directly the bund for which (L was mnde, 3Y PLAN FOI BUYING would be something like this: Lot thers boa Grango or Qiub In overy lowuehlp; clect u Contract Agent, who ghull reprosent all the farmers In the Htato, und muke wrrangemonts with_manufactirors and wholo- salo tenters 1o wupply us with such {Lings os furm- michinery of cvery description, furnituto, hymber, buflding-inuterial, grocerlos, nud evorything elao wo need thuk cun Yo lad cheapor Ly such u arrungomoti, When the Btato Agout bas secured tho hest torma pos- sible, lot him s o clroular containlny the names of all tlio urticlea bo bus nranged for, uud the prico at which thoy are to bo furnislied, and bsve this clroular, sont to overy flm’n‘ru and Olub in the Blate, Thon, any miettber who demres to buy nnything on’tho st can otify tho Buerelary of his Granga or Cluh, who cah ordor tirongh tho Blalo Agent unything doalred, whilch will bo ahippod direct to s noarest frelght- olfico at tho prico pnbllehad, to be paid for on recelpt, Tuo arder should by mado through the Hocrolary of soie other officer of the Grango or Club (of whom it \ould ba well to tequira o small hond), to protect tho Agent from loss throngh irresponsible poraons o tlioso ot memlors, By thin plas, tho most favorablo (erma can bo so- curdil for nnything womay wish to by, Thronali our Hlute Agout wo ean olfer fuducoments” to munufaotur~ ers it wholosalo morchanta that will eocura bettor torms for ua than oan bs had by any sluglo agout or retull merelnnt, Dy coucentratiug our palrouago wo will setually bo abio to muke our purclianes nt L8R TITAN ONDINARY WIHOLESALY PRICEA, We ave trled {t in Wayno County, and find it worke well, When wo compictod our cowity organizition, (ho Int of Lt Juno, I Sne, Wis,, wngous woro toliug there, cumpleto, ot $110 ; without lock or seat, §100, Now, o got. Wiom eomplete, at tho sbop, fof §74 5 awithiout lock or soat, 305, Duublo-teat aptiig-wagons, with throo springs, oso, sollig t $145.” Nov, Wb go: thow, st the skor) or 230, : Tight-horso power throrhing-machines wers nolllng at £760, Now, we gut tho sama machino b 8530, “uo Koystono, Suporior, 1, X, L., and Jickeye whoat-drils word solling nt from 833 t0'$30,. They aro now furnislied us ut £00 to $05, Tho Howe, the Victor, and other sewing-mnchinea erosolling at 85 o §125, Wo now get tho Homo for £33, 1o Vioior for $07,50, aud sovorai-otliora from 40 0 por cout olr, Wallsing-cuitivators wero solling at $30, . Wo now got (liom ot tho shops for 18, ‘Tino Oiaamplon fan-mill’ (or whoat-fan) was_aolling ALEI5, and could nut bo boughit for Jess, Now, the mnnufacturern turnish thom 0 us ut $17, Bteel contral breakiug-plows lind_nevor sold for loss thau $22, Woe now gol them at $144.60, Moidne breaking-plowa wars fold by the aonts at from to $10, oy ure furnishod ua at from $7,70 t0 311,43, nccording to izo, . ‘Wo liave arranged for ulinost JIUNDNEDS OF OTHER IAPLKMENTS AND ARTICLES at from 45 to 60 por cent olf of eataloguoe-prices, Thero utvo boon very fow {nstauce \whers inanufuctirers or wholesslo deaier bavo refused to poll to us ns clionp as to agents or retull dealors, AN thuy want {0 kuow i, thiat o moan busiuess, und tha, Dy makiug concosd slous, they can securo our trado; and wo will bo able to Bodure concosslons In prices fn proportlon ss we concentrato oiur patronage, Whet o niat Luye u wagon, o fanning-mill, a_oulti= valor, n sewiug-muchino, etc,e and govs Lomo'with Lis new purchaes, sl onc-fonrih or woro of his manny Yoty 1 toll you'lfs Loart s Ughtor aud bis puruo heaviar thauh thoy tised to bo oflor muking such purchusos, Thlu 15 tho effoct of CO-OPENATION 1N BUYING, By it hundreds of thousuuds, 2f not millions, of dol« Jurs whil bo aved o tho farmors of Iilitols in o slugle year, It will enabls muny s poor man to lift tie inorfgage froi bis farm, and wavo o homa far Li liitle oncs, By it, many o fathor swill bo onablod to send his bright-cyed nou or daughter to tho college or neatl~ emy, nud tho ucat now cottago will tako the place of thio ¢abin or tho hovel, CO-OPERATION IN RRLLING 18 1ot 5o enwily accomplishied, Dat, when we aroonco woll orgauizd, it ia practical. Wo et sell our wheat to tho miller, und not to the merchont ; and all our products, s noarly a3 possiblo, to tho cofisumor, Wa mitat 1ot fafco them upot the market until thoy aro neaded, | Wo ind bettor hold our produce, aud lio idie, Ui soll ot balf tho cost of production. One crop of corn ot 60 ceuls por busbial, or of wliea at $2 i miich batlor lan twy crope ab LI it price, for it glves tho satuo money for baif tho labor and oxpousc, When tho farmors aro unce organired thoroughiy, an uiitd, they can eonteol, o price of e pra’ ducts casler than any other class of wen in the warld. If the earpenter sirikes, hia employer can stop builds ing. If tho Lutter, tho shoemaker, or tho tailor should strikke, peoplo could woar thelr old ‘clothos or go nnked. i, wiien tho farmer closen Lis pens aud shuts is bin, sud dewnuda pay for his Iabor, IT MUAT 00ME, Witen tho flour-barrel and_menttub aro ompty, they nust be diled, no matter what tho price, I think such 2 co-operatio not only poseiblo, but 0ok upon it oy ouo of thio natural consequences of tlifa movement, and expect toseo it in practical oporation in all tho graine rowing States of tho Unlon 1 loas than throo yoarn, ‘cxpoit to hiear tho furmer askcod wint bo wil take For Uread with ns much _rospoct v we nOW usk tho moreliaut what a yard of tapo or a ponud of collso a wortl, Brelbren, thia movoment means somiothing, IT WILL BUCOERD, This il stono was not inde with' bands, but begot- ton by tho etornul principle of Justico, born of the uudying spirit of Liberty, aud is bocomiug a powor it the isud, - Tho Goddoss of Liborly will smilo ou hior ollspring, aud the Providenco that gulded our fathers in the dark and stormy night of tho Revolutlon will fostor this movement, TPENNHYLVANIA'S CONSTITUTION, Tho Chiali man sutounced that tho poopld of Ponn- sylvauia bnd indorsed thelr new Coustitution whiva Liude rajlrouds with a strong hund by a ajority of obout 156,000, The delegales aroso nud gave thrco clicors for Yennsgivaula, EVENING SESSION. Tho Opera-ITouso was Jammao to-night, many ladtes belng preout, Prof, Turuer read a paper on the condltion, causes, ?n(‘l‘ reaults of tho farmers’ movement at the West, us ollows : CONDITIONS, CAUSES, AND RESULTS OF THE FARMENS' MOVEMENT, Feliote-Citizens T, Let us first noto in briof somo of tho ovil con- ditious of thiugs which ILis so-called Farmere' Movo- mont ot fiest storted out o romedy : Wo e combinations of corporations, and of corpo~ rate rings of ull sorts, controliing vast und Jeresivtitle woilth aud power, asatming to manipulate tho entira funnco and eomrmerce of the Contineut in thoir own in- tereats 3 und, under their own most absurd construction of thelr churlors and tholr rigbls, suborniug, brow- eating, and defylug Legisltures, laws, States, courts, ‘people, und ull, ut tiieir plesiise, ‘Under the various pretexis of theso CORPOILATI: TIXGR (caflrond rings, baukiug rings, tari rlngs, political Hugs, insurancs rings, stock-ganbling rings, grain and produco rings, oto., ete. ; I caunot entmerato them all, for thelr name {& leglon), wo eaw ail tho menoyed wealtls of tho Contiuunt flowns regularly and uecos— sarily into Wall street us its rivers {low iuto {he ocean ; there to bo rocked, sud {osecd, and twblod, by mers stock-gumblere, Into ull sorts Of woves and tempests of financial disuster to the whole country amd the ywhole race of ta ; til, nt Iast, it drizzled back upon onr bills agaly, not'ia full volume of gonfal tulna and showers, but i tha form of tut.tbroat mortgages, slcoliug aucw the wholo Gontinent fn fco and n teathi, In tho process wo saw those who chanced to atand 'ut {lic motth of tho goldeu stream, in a fow years ama {ug immense fortuncs, of miilfous und scores of miil- jous of doliurs; oud all who could by any meuny geb mear onough to its banks to dip into 8, oven willi o gill-cup, suddenly curlebod, Woeaw labor diverted from 'farma and shops, and from ml olher entorprises not wholly direct- ©d by Irresponsiblo corporate power; the prives snd costs of ull abor, snd all living juevitably ~cubouced; while the llml\l& of ull sorts of businesy, outslde of the chinrmed crcle, woro steadily diminfebibg; and fuside of it, too, to_nil exoept s few rapacious and ruthloss schetnurs, who usually nianaged to gobblo up the profita of thie whiole concern, jusido and aut, Buch, in brief, was 'tho peactical condition of affalra when this FARMERS' MOVEMENT first began, OF coure, when they began, n liko mnn- ner, to combine in_eclf-defeuse, theso_combinations and!vinas,us oue man, throw ug tiols buods in- loly orror, Then cusued fearful rustling nmong the dend leaves, o torriblo quaking among tho dry bones § and Boss iyeed’s famous queation, “ What' are you golug 1o do about {77 wus reiterated in onr Gars, Terlupa tho Boks himsclf eoes tho nower now ‘more cloarly than he did then, Prison-bars snd grates nte the only spoctacles through which some oyen can discern invinibio Justico, Iuia tho highest eloemosy~ nary function of tho Btate to furnish thom gratultously to nl who need them, Theso rings stoutly matained that the condiuon of things which thoy had_ bronght ubout—the various finunchal jowsharps which they thomeelves had constructed, i atill Ongorca wholly to thelr own llking—was tho'evitablo result of tho NATUNAL LAVS OF DUBINESS and of trade, agninst which 1t was ulikoel Iy and uso- Iesw, clanufelh, und wicked, to'consplre, Tho couserv- ntiva press, oven tll to-day, rellorates thelr outery, Well, i thih bo so, we thon” simply proposo that the laws'of Noture nudof Tradestonld stop; we luve had enough of them. o now want tho luwa of Justice and of Godj und wo intend 1o have them, cost what Jtmay, Wecamo to the end of onsof those natural laws of business and of trade, If I remember rightly, somo seven years ngo, when the mation paused 1o throw some balf-miliion of our best men into Lloody grave, aud spent from oight to ten thousand millions of doilars to mark the apot where wo lajd them. That old sluveholders’ rebellion begau i & simplo busincas,” —the businees of dolng injustive according to las i ended fu ““stinple business,”—but a busjuces not qutite #opleasant, Wo hopo and truat to makea bhetier ending of our prevent business on hand, but eud it must o will ; for Iujustice, callod by whtever holy or artful uumea, upheld by whatever formidublo powers, de- fouded by whatever soj hisma und figments of formal luwa, whother of buslneas, or of Btutes, o of Empires, nust, sooner or_lator, fall3 or the Throno of God itsolf must fall, Let ux abido calmly, but herofcally, the tskue, 11, But, when wa come to look at the GAURES O¥ TIiIB CONDITION of thiugs, my frionds, it ehooves us ulso to be ust, and admil tho trath u 1f really s, os aguinst oursclves us well ud others, As I showed, more at length than T cun now do inw puper on corporations published in {lio luwt roport, of gur Btate Agrlculiul Socloy'a transuctions, raiiroad men and corpornto men, ns in- dividual porkons, are no woras (han other hen, no worse than wo onrselves are, or should soon bee come if thrown under the samo_rosponsbilities, and conditlons, and plations; whilo railrouds sl cor= ‘porations, rightly and Justly msunged and controlied, aro row, ever hva becn, and ever will bo, of incone colvaulo'vulue to tho publio, I hyve found ‘thelr man- agers, personnily, unlformly gentiomsuly, courtoous, ohd " Jiet to 'uie, nuder tho . rie of - th law wo hove ourdclvea voted mud prescribod for thelr sction, 28 (toy would most naturally upyly it to thelr own Interesth ; amd to suppos that utty lusn of mon will not usually 'push tholr lnterests Wp to the cxtreme letter of tho law I8 to suppose they aro iygels, sud not men like oureclyes, Lol us away, e, WIth ull ero porsonal rancor, ubd cluss Facor ond "ato; bt Jet us also hiavo Justice, 1 TILE NEAVENN FALL, : Ao e roal cuwon of e wud cunditon of things \vhich 1 huve lietehed, somo aro whally irremediablo by nny_ practicablo powor on cartli, oxeopt by simplo thne, Industry, ecotiomy, aud tong years of prudeico wnd Individual elf-donlal, - Othior” chiunges ewn bo Tomediod by u slmplo change of the laws, or of tho administention of tho Taws, Both sots of ‘causes alik have originuted from 1o ono clues of men ot sot of wnen alont, but from o stupendous publle, tisncisl and legal Bhunder,—a sort of cambined popilar mono- i andconet monomonts, which awept fnto it Walko, and bora alongs with it, all clanaes allke, T wiil first refer to ono ADEAT INMEMEDIADLE VINANOIAL DLUNDER, or eaues of our prosont disaslers, for which, I suspeot, we are oll prolty much aliko to blumo, During the War, and on th heols of the War, hat sunk tho na- tlon l'l{ he tLoununds of milllona in loss and debt, wo underlook o nddiionnl ontorpriso of iaiting e dreds of miitiona of railroad and ofher UDXIJ!. and aiving nway hundreds of milllons moro of values in public lands, to force now lands {nio market, or old ands Into highor value, in 1o reapect nedded for Dresont population, o ' presout forming intorosts iniong oureclyos; hit, In n ort of lieyday glara of glory, wo aturtad out th fnour debta uhdor bonds, to proviia for and domiictie all Europe, and all Obina, and the reat of mankiad In genoral, {nving put down tho grout robellion agnfist uit him:n Hberty, wo fus cled it was our noxt duty to give to oach man of the roce an fuallanable homeatead, and to bulld & raliroad to lite dfor s n most bouoficent aud pralao~ worthy undorlakiug, o be enre, Lut, unfortutately, it cost monoy ¢ and, nr wo dfd ot Just thon hoppets 10 huvo tho casl in ur packets, wa dld buve to MUN HFILL PURCHEN INTO DEUT, Vorrow thu mouoy, und give oht_bonds for it 10w another atranga thing has hopponed : somobody Jins got those debts Lo pay, or, ot leist, tho lutercst it thiom Vowot tho houey ta do St ry that can put down n groat rabolilon cantiot nlwaye, t {ho word and without fu- couvenfonce, rearo up sveral thousimd mildous of #olid caeh, or even the futerest on it Our real atragglo {4 ovor this very polut as to who ehnll {mY the debts, It was not thon soon that s forcod and wholly niifiolal onterprines would of necesalty disustromsly compolo ~ with and rouct upon ol antecedent natural and Bocosmary cnterpriren nud intorosts of all sorts, 1t was not thon porcelved, when prices wero high and ail Lings wora lovaly, thof the sky-ockets of luuarods of millions of bends, which we throw so thougltlossly Wp i afr, with all Inis off and all volees Ahonting, would oo day fall on_our hosds in dead and heavy #ticks of dobt, from which all mon would cry, Stand from undor ' T auy on our heads ; for the producarn of the country must, intha end, pay every cent uf olthor faxes or Londs thoy vots to fasite, or fncur, whoever may have thelr nominal issuo, or control, and profita, 1t nil comes Lack to us at last,—to-the truly respousible man,—tho MAN WIIO VOTESA, Tho follawa who onginoered and ‘planned_ tho gamo, and let off tho sky-rackala (whio then, potlinps, wera vot worth n rod-flannel ‘sbirt aploco, bul who now may be worth millions) will all aliks nover, in fact, q;ly ono dollic of theso debtsl This chilcken of dobt alwnyn rightly comes biomo o roost with the roapousiblo vater, who nloue Lutelied him out; and now thoso dead sticks of debt begin to fall on all sldes of us, The only thing wo can do on thix point is to put our huta on ngain, dodga them an well ia wa can, aud atfond closely to our business and oxpennes, wntil ‘wao can pay thom 'off and get them aut of the way, Do you ask how you will pay thicse railrosd bonds, when Perhaps you nevor saw, and porhinps nover will sco, 8 ainglo oo of thom 7 T auswor, by increased coas'of Inbor and production, diminfalicd profita on all Dinuda, If tho procoas s an silont, It {a attil an inovi- table, ad tha forco of gravily fteelf, The rallroads hnve nothfng to pay debis with of auy Aort, cxcept what thoy must got one way or anollior, out of g(mr pocketa nud products: oud it is perfectly st and right that §t should so fuil Upon ua; for, if wo will contluue, from party, pasaton, und ignorance, or projudice, or folly, or what not, to send mon to Qungress aud to Btato Legislatures'to lovy taxen aud fasus bonls on our hes hif, or authorize it done, wino have little moro just comprohenaion or earo for our grest Annticinl iuteresta thau our own doga havo, whils wo havo thousands of abler men ot home, evew fu our own cluss, wo OUQHT TO FOOT THE DILLH, 101 woloarn o do beltor, Buffer me to iluatrato for a momen| Tn ouc aspect of the caso, nathing in kiud, In this matter, bt bappenod {o Wi sgricuitieal roplblle, e a whole, differiug from what always happens {0 a sluglo furmor whio, undor high prices, fncurs dobta to Piteh out Lifs arcas of cultivatod Iauds, fences, ronds, dilches, machines, and conveniences of culture, ao far Doyond' Ifs Iegitinato moans thut fatm aud all gocs ot 1ast to puy tho debts, Lot us take onother fllustration of stll ane other uspect of tho cso: Kupporo a grent mouufacturing ring should e formed, futent only on monéy-making for itaelf 3 supposo {¢ shonld g0 to Washington, buy np_tho public press, munipu- Iate public opinion and legislation, State, and Na- tfounl, until it ougrossed and socurod Lo itsolf tho fuil direction ond control of hundreds of miliions of values, in the shapo of charters, atocks, bonds, dobis, land, ote,, ctc,, to enable it to Kot sbout tho Opening up of the ‘“MANUFAGTUNING NESOURCES OF TITE GREAT WEST ;" swould ot all our capa and yoles go up to-duy for such an ontorprisoua that? Wall, eupposo thoy get thelr charters, como oul to Bt, Autbony’s Falls, build Aisir duma and races, and Huo the banks of tho Misals« sippl, for scorca of uilles on oither sido of it, with nil possible sorts of manufactorlew; sud enouroge Iiundrads of thousands of workmed from Europo to rush in to All aud work them, Now, while tho debts are belng Incurred, aud the mouey 18 being expeud. cd, all things would bo lovely’ and fine fudeed, Trlces of ull sorls of products of Lumn use would o rapidly up, and all classes havo s splendid time of t. For, tucorizo na wo will, tho fresh {ssuo of all #Grts of 'notes, and boads, aud papers, for_debt, Lns tlio same practical offoct I kind, for the timo biug, if mot in degroe, to oxpand ’ tho roal curroncy and oubunco the prico of all thiugs, that & now suoof bank-notes would havo, Dut low would 1t be when tho ?o\) ‘was comploted, the debts began to Decotne duo, prices began to fall, {lio chickeus Legan 10 como botus to roost, and, the doad sticks began to fall around our heads? Would 1t bo—coutd It bi— QUITE A8 LOVELY, when all the masafuctorits of sil tho States would Lecome uttorly broken down und shorn of all posaible profis by this new, foreed, illegitinnte, artifivial, nud utterly prematuro ‘and_rujnous opening up of tho greut aud glorlous mnuufucturiug interests of tno Wost: nud, undor tho inevitublo crash and broak-dowh of prices of nll Rorts, manufactorics, rallroutls, facius, and ull alilo, would 'bs brought to a staud-atill, ecatse that, during tho crists, they could not bo run without losa to somebody 7 Do you think thut tho munufacturers of tho East und the ofdor Htates would to-duy vote for such s forved aud artificial openlug-up of eouxpeun§ monufacturing interest agalust themselyes by Lo inmouso wealth and pow of tho nation put into the hands uf ulmost wholly irre- spousible corporutions? Yet this Is exactly what we in princlple voted o do, ns oguinst our own farming interests, when we voted for a yprecisely similur arti- felul ond forcod opening-up of now lands arauud ua and west of u when we, who had already bought aud paid for our own furiua at o very high prico, voied that the United Statea shouid, ot onr cost, glve furma to, and bulld railrosds to the doors of, hundreds of thoussuds of men who could aud would, under tlose artificlal und forcod losus and gratuities with freser lauds that cost them nothing, aud with fur loss,costs of labor, cow right into our own mar- kots aud canpote with us, aud utterly drivo us out, in spite of ull wo could do, Please notice, I do uot come- *muu of any po:sible competition in our muvkels arls— iy under auy merely uatural progress of uvents, but ouly uf that YOICED AND UNNATURAL COMPETITION engonderod, fu fuct, tLTOUD COFPOTALO pOWeEra con- ferred by thio Govorninent, by taking public money, ouo form or auother, out of our own control and pockets, and puttiug 16 under the control er into iho pockes of our competitora, By this most absnrd principle of leglslation, the agriculture of Now Eng- Iluld wne loug ngo utterly ruined; that of the moro Middle Btates soon followed ; and, if tuls policy s per- overed i, that of ull’ tho older Siates cast of the Misslsippl must bo thrown utterly off basls of from its 1\maent prices and valucs, and put wholly upon o new and much Jower basfs, Buteuch chonges, such crines, bring trouble,—incvitable and {rromailfable trouble,— 416 prociso trouble wo are uow in, Now, I sm nat fu. ferested to deny that this sort und stylo of legislation is grond, magnitcout, and glorious {0 tho greut o~ puulic, and the still greater Laylo thut so Incessuutly Hinps Lfs wings and screams over it § that §t s moat Leueficent for the bumoan race as a whole ; all I wish now to remind you of, 14 tho fuct that it OOSTA MONEY § and that it cannot j.o.stbly rufse prices of lands, or of pork or beof, oud wheat and corn, in Ilineis, or in any of tho older Btates, but must incvitably depress them ultogether, Tf wo feol ko making tho necesnary and inevituble pecuniury sncrifices which wo rgast make in sustaining #uck o pohiey, for the sake of rail- ‘road or otbier iuterested corporations or rlugs, flusne ciul or political, or _ for {he wsako of the glory of that scroatning Eaglo of ours, or for tho geu- erul good of mankiud, ol Tight ; Iot s atill go on and vota us wo Liave been votiug ; only lot us mnko uo uge- less erylug whon the sticks begin to full, und the chickens begin to como homo to rooat ; for ull that is the mmple, inovitable, aud wholly irremediublo part of the process, Tt ull ut. lust Tesolves itealf into thla : Dy this anteco— dent, imprudent, sud thouglitiess, however boniguaud glorfous voting, and Iegislation, and finwnceering, tho Whiolo produclug community, ratlroads included, have fucurred dobts, aud {ssued bouds for thew, under this past artificin] intiation of lifgh pricee, whicll, under tho Present reaction to equaliy inevituble low praces, they cunuot puy, simply Lecauso they Luve not got the moucy to pay wilh, and, under present priccs, counot gt it During' thia crisi uoither party can now muko tho tioney from Buy® just profita or rates, of cliber farming or rallrouding which they can liope to attuin ; unud, theres Sor, cacli party i strlving to throw tho practiiul bur- den of (s debis, In wholo or i purt, upon tho other, Tt Lics ut TUE BOTTOM OF TIlI8 WIOLE. BUBINERS, Around this grest contrul Mwlstrom whirls all tho mad confusiou of the present disastrons financial hour, Who ehall pay theso dobts, now, whon none of un cum get o copper by ony fulr 'moaud to pny thom with, efthier prineipal or fnforest? Tho various corpoe ralious want to throw tho wholo losa back wpon the Jrodicers e producera o combinad to Fesat 1} and thls makes iho war, 0 rallronds, alwways shirpest and most ready and 'thio ralirouds, al hirpest and most, ready snd sagaclous Lo foreaco n financiul storu, songht Avunoia- bl sieltor agaust tho legislation of tfio peoplo and the Btutca under cover of tlie Constitution of tho United Bluted, through tho celobrated Dartmouth Oullege casn; doslgniig thus o bo ablo to yocurely wo fix thelr vated of frelght ss practically o throw tho wholo burden of tho debt back wpon il farmors_ and producers who voted {hein thl franchives and outlays, Of course, thoy at firat caslly got, oF found, or inado laws und court~ doctslons for Whatover (Liog Wanted ; and all things on thiole aldo began to look lovelyngatn, Dat tho farinors £0on began 1o riso nud combine 1 resistunce (o such a poltey 3 and on und en thoy come ; aud they sttll come ik inllions of tramping bifulos mumniig 1o (o el River, 11 a great drouglit, for thele Astiy water, Now comen tho thme for gomobudy elsn togel ontof the way; nat, merely of the fulllug aticks, but of glariny oyen, und angry horus, and tranpling lioofs, Some tilo furora uro_ dspobed to. play bnck upoi tho radl- rouds thoir own gatng, und throw the burden of the whole vcted dobid and bonds hack ul\all them, by forciug thon to carry thefr produce for less tiat cost, Othiers, moro moderately nid moro wisely, #y, it b stancot * Pallows, wo uro {u bud luck, ks ficoply ol ‘ways are after a blunder, Wo hiave ull togother mudo o tost stupendoua finuncinl Llundor ; nuiv of us fn~ teuded it § but somebady st lose moniey, bowover it sy fura with that screxning Biglo of onrs, Now, lob un ll bo Juse § leb us fatrly divido the {noviiable losses of thfu Hitlo gumo, Wipo out old_scorcs s K001 it wo cun, Loglu auow, und koep our eyes skinned and our Voits witla wwake {1 Tutura,” By this wholly artificlsl nd_forceil campotition un- dlox Govorument patrouugoand pawer, o yrcat uader- Iylug ageicultural fnterest of tho wholo West, 11AS BEEX DLOKEN DOWN IN TIECES, and all ofier modvs of busiuesy must of nocosslty fall willi §t, Tho farmers cannod longor afford to pny wuel: frelghis in will glso full profiin to the roads, aid i eailronds sannol afocd o go witliout (hem, Home- Voily smust loss money, It {n lmpossibloto ko igure it an tot to como at thik rosull, Wo havo had rafiroud exports on the otie klde, nud Binto Cominisaloicrs ot the otlier pldo, figuring'al it now foraoma Lwo or threo yours, but only with the ema rowults, Nouo of them cai contrivo to mako o plut eup biold o bareol of water, unleas thoy datt from soma Aourco ot Lkt of n littl “moro Un," 1t 18 tho cusleat thing in (ko world lo demoustraio that oither side, on the prosout Lanw of * costy, f8 now ' losing money, but - quite dmposeibla $3 ahow how hoth slles can now make monay, If you flgure (o farms ern and Lax-payora witliott 1osn, on tiole prosont basls of conts, You_ Mkt In_bomo wiy rob or hanlityt thn corporatlonw s but, f yoit anetio that tho raifrond nid bondboldors miukt Tocolyo 1o harm, then you mint 10 au_cqual oxlent pitnder the farmerd and (ho Lz poyoras wnd, if wo fgiito il doomsday, wo mtist ‘cointe otit with the samo resull, ublo-n’ Ronis ous can conteivy o uild minde into”ylin quimtiee, or to ot rometling out of nothinr, Our Naflroad Bonrds ‘at £95,000 & year can 10 more Guro A into any nthicr ro- silt than'ean our whilo plio. boarda at 3 couts per foal, Buppose {ha TWO PANTIES COME TOORTIEN, and sgrea to throw overboard, and lot go for tho pros= cut, ull {utoreats on stocks nud bonds, il wll Jutonis on rouls, on tho oo alde, and all yirofity on farms, and otock, and labor, on_the ather, and out down ox. pentis, atid out down prces, Hill theo rougl roads nre past, would not tho “dimichlty bo wettled, at leant in prospect? That 18 oxactly what they will al last havo to como to, whether *they agres fo it or nor, unless ono party ean contrivo to cloat the other, After wll tho tuemol] and tpraar of tha buur have mithe &ded, i 18 tho counsol tut n ot last auto to provail; bocwise, howovar gty nud impossioned thio Anicrie can peoplo tnay bo, {hey are at Lottom, whonover you atriko bottom, us u wholo rousonably justs but it komes times tukes o long souuding-lino- to strika the real ot tom of {ho great intoreats ot forty milliona of pooplo, st B OV, (0F % moruety teot out udo the lug that ttio ‘' DANTMOUTH COLLEGR OONTRACT DULL," Dy thie use of which our various corvorations fiave at- tompted to throw all tho losses of tlds ganie, sud of all thefr other financiul games, off frow tuemsglves, Knd back upon_tho farniers and other producers.’ And Tight hero T want you o look moro grave and wiso than forty thousand full-featbored - owls, becanea wo are opproncuing ko mecrod procincts of Inw,—Bipromo_ Court law, You wiil nco Leforo I closlo why I thinlcit of most vitnl consequence to our caun thit wo shonlil hero and now proocad to butcher, “pooundum artem,” nnd at ull risks of boing tedious this little fancy bull of ours, withough ho Lus gof neitlier meat, nor bonos, nor hide, nor tallow, and nover bad any ; all thero is or ever Was of him Ja one {rsuiglos beilow. et s Uien praceed to kil that ollow, This celobrated “ Dartmonthi Gollege cano Hos been_everywhiero cited to prova that fu law tho mero chartors, franchiscs, grants, or gifia of tho Stato to corporato bixifcs (whicll granta’ first, and alouo gava them tho poswer to maka n legul contrict of uy sort, oud boforo wlich they had 10 such power), aro, in fact, contincts between tao Htuto and sich Corpora~ tlons, within tho moilng of the United Statch _ Constitutions; doburring the Bintes from all practical control otor such corpo- ratfons, Loyond what is explieltly provided for in’' tho charter Msolf. Tho juiucuso advantuge given to all_corporato bodles beforo tho courts, ovor ull tho intercsts of tho peoplo, by such an nasuption, in appatont toall, A olurlel ko called, may bo ob talnod by any niount of bihery, corruptiod, or ig- norance, or frand, from oo Logisaturc, and tho peo- plo of o'Stato ard then compolicd in Inw, through sl time to come, toabldo tho consuquences, oven f it practizally seils out ovory foot of Aofl thoy Linve under thom : and noither they nor thelr posterity have any possiblo Jogal remeds, Une would aupposo that thio mera stateuient of the doginn wa chougli to DAMN 1T FOREVER, What, then, 18 tho roal bnsls of thin eclf-cvidently- absurd icgal dogina, opinion, or docialon? It ail rusta ontho_equully solf-ovidently-falso uesumption that o mero glft or grunt in olways o contract; whereas, Lho solf-ovidont foct 18 that o mers gift or grant moy, in auy_particulsr cano, operato in Homo of 1t aapocts und practical offects aa’ acontract, or it muy 1ot ¢ and each partioular cino mist bo ox- amined by itstlf, and stand or fall on its_own_ merita, In o mero passhig romnck, fomo of tho Judges quoted in this colobrated * Durlmouth Collego case” liup- poned to gay thut “A grant was a contract,’—of gonrso baviug In imind tho snectal mspect of to caso on haud { butt now, forsooth, tha courls and law-books Liavo como to make thous fay Lhat * All grauts ara cone tracts,” which tiey nowhiero said, or, if thoy had eatd it, it would Liwvo been o eelf-ovliicut nbsurdity, Mr, Wobster deflucs u contract o * au ugrcomont batween 1o ur MOFG jorkons or partles, in which cach purty biuds Limsol€ to do or forbeut somo act; sud cac sedulres o riglt to “wlist o othor prome igcs’ Doos o mero gilt or grant y rallroadechiurter anawer, oven in form, to (his plain dofinftion? Whero'aro tho slgnatuces of the two uartica? What hos tho incorporated parly bound ftueir, 1 tho tutorest, to tior 4o or forbéar 7 NOT A THING 3 sven tholr nnme a8 elguera ls nowhero attached to tho fnstrument In any shupo or form, Indeod, If it nd beon attached beforo the uct confertiug tho gift or grunt bnd passed, thelr names would bavo been of no Yuluo 3 for, until'the act was passed, they bad no sort of leg! povwer to muko any sort of ‘& contract, cltlicr Wit Thio Leglstature or any ono o, - Tho grant llselt first gives them tho power Lo make contracts with nny ono, - How, then, could they contract with the Leglala. turd bofors thoy liad tho_legal power to contruct with auy onoon tho earth? Tho plain fact in, that thoy camo befora tho Loglslatare to ecck a8 u fris grant or gift thin very power,—tho power to “ sus and bo sued,” or to malko contracte, within cortnin specificd limits, and for the public godd, or tho alleged or fin~ piled "publle good, which iniled. promotion of iy Dublic good is Uiu #olo and only consideration or re- tnen ey over futeuded (o make for tho gitt or graut souglit of the State, without which consideration they well know tho Leglelatura iud no_right to listen for ono moment to thvir roquest,—no more than thy Lavo thorigut to-day to sell my firm and pockot the ioncy for #t. Tho promotion of the public good, therefore, s an implicd obligation, lylng at. tho very basia of tha swhiolo traneaction, from iis firal incoption to ils ulti mate concluslon, or 80 fong as the charter oxists, If that fulls, tho whola thing falls, Tho sole und only considoration on ono side of tho grant, if it bo o graut, ot of the contrnct, If 1t boa_coutract,’s withheld sod ‘violated, and tho wholo grant or contract s DROKEN ON FORFEITED, Tut who fs to bo tho Judgo of (Lis violation? The State ond peoplo who confer tho graut or gift, and who alono #lgu tho cantract, if 1t bou contract, and who aloua hutl power to make tho contract, anid who alono Lavo fulfilied thelr part of it or the farty who nelibor made L nor eigned 3t, buf, either by misfor- tune, or design, or fraud, oré, fact, wihbolding from thio Stato tho sole and ouly concurrent_equiva- Ient, or conslderation on thelr part of tho obligation, Pleato tiotice icre thiat It was w0 part of tho gift, or unt, or obliation, of (he Blaic, elther expros or fuplied, to gunranteo that_the corporation should nt ol hazards make monoy, or not loge monoy : bt anly {o give them the powor of making munoy if thoy coull in the enterpriso proposed, fn conslsienco with tha continued publio good, of wiifeh the Stato of necossity Teserves to dtscl{ the right of judging, rathor than yiclinit wholly to them. If, then, thelr grauts are contructs, they uttorly failof ‘il just or inipiied con- siduration, and CONE TO AN END whenover or whercver, (rm whatovor cause, fortunate or unfortunate, by nceident or design, they fail to j.ro- moto the publlo good; 80 that, practically, it comes, in nny jut view of tho cuse, to tho same thing, nfter all, whether you agreo to call them contracta or not, to call'n “mioilee” an * olophant P will do no LarmIf you clearly define him s Lo truly ls: withiout tusks or runks, or welglt, or slzo, of ghape, or anything that zeally belongs to ‘an oloplibut ; but simplyus s © wee 1ittlo mouse;” sud 8o calliug a writing wmude in respect tou party Wlich had Do power ot tho (mo to mako contructs wilh any oue, which never sigued the paper un a contract Ji auy shapo or form, and which paper, on the fuce of i, hus nune of (ho usual forms of a con- tract, and in no sense answers to the definition of & contfact, and still stands unsigued by the only party whieh atos sy oven Impliod. unalfild obligutious, or cousiderations, or couditions, while theso sole fm- plied unfultilled conditions of the pubhe good are, in fuct, either by misfortune, or aocident, or deslygn, bolug constautly iguored and disregorded,—I suy, calling such o wiero skelotou of a muuse o live olo- phant wiil_do no particular harm, oxeept to good Eugllsh and to good wense, provided n every case, you tuke good care to so defno him na to BMIBLEAD NO ONE. This, in tho cclebrated caso of tho Dartmouth Col- Tege, 50 ofton quoted, the Chief-Justico i quite earaful £0 10, 8 any ono ¢atl geo by referriug (o Kent's Conis mentariea, Vol, I, Att, 415, 1Io sttes, In justification to that decision, thatthe charter sssailed * was granted Dy the British Crown in 1769,” wholly Independently n{thu Btute, lefore the Stute of New Hampslire exist- od} so tho State conld make no pretonso to bolng even ouo of the parties to {the contract, or to buving any sort of rights, vxpresa or imuliod, under M. 1thud for yours toleruted aud ssuctioncd' It as o fully legal churior; uo even protouded ubuas, or oven neglect of the public weal, had grown up under it, The Chief Justico avers that tho college was “* & pri- vate elim{table {nstitution, not lable to the control of the Legislnture ** (fs this the cose with raflroads ?) ; {lt ¢ Tt was a privato cleomosynary institution, ent dowed to tako property, uncounscted with Govern- ot (1sft g0 withs ruilroudu ) that all © Ita funds \wero bostowed by Individuuls oi tho fafth of tho cliur. fer, und cousisted cntirely of private donations " (s i v with Tatlroads 7) 3 * (hut tho corporation was not invoatod with any portion of polltical powor,” ¢ nor A1 {t partako in oty degroo of eivil governmont ™ (I {hut tho cuso with: Fallroads whicll, undor sheltor of our PUPAENT INPAMOUS COUNT-RULINGS, may actually tux the whole people moso tha’ all the Stato Governments combived)? It was the Inatitn- tlon of u pLrivale corporution for a gonoral oharity,” Tho Cunct conclides §u (oo Worda: * Ooutracts o this iud, orcating theso claritalle fnstitutions, are most ressnunbly within the purview and Lll‘flltulloll of thie Constitution,” Aud ure thoy not? Most elourly thoy are, The Obief Justice rightly makes the whole desiston turn on tho Lind of churter, oc contract if you ploase, presonted for defense, I sibmit that the kiud o contract thus so cleutly deflnod Ly the Judga bus no sort of practlcable redomblanco, oven u oue winglo materiul Hom, to any ouoof our common rafl- roud charters, Aud this colobratod case, ovorywhora quoted tosustan tho exorbilunt clajins of mora monoy-making corporations, whon truly applied on thio futo of it uttorly upsots all thelr logic aud al their clulus, whothor ~ tudo_undor what aro called contracts or not, By whot loglo s 1t assumad that, under tlioso charlors, the corporations winy'do_evorything which Is nof forbidden, while ho Hiuto 1y do oo of thosa things whluh ato nob fore bilden 7 By what loglo 19 41 usaumod thnt tho righi conferred to’ sltuply ¥ fix ratea® sliould bu conslpiied and roud up @ right Wi s whalover ratos thoy plenso 2 Did tho ulleged contraoting partios really 5o undoratond tho reading ot tho tino? - If no, tho grint= g of Wio charlor 1 uny Lo wus b olt'sn sy, ang A SELY-EVIDENT PIAUD upon {ho peaple of the Blalo, In wny triia and fair sonke of tho termw, would not the eorporations as truly tix iole raten i dono within n Just cauge prescribed by luw, 18 IF Nxed outeldo of tint raugo iy nrguing its Dartmouth Collegs cao, Mr, Wobaler, who 4 generully supposod 10 knuw sohiowhat abow Constitutlonsl Jaw, and to bo duirous to mnke the most ho can ont of his own sults, bagos his entlro argument ou the ad- misslon that thero aro two distinet sorta of ehnrlera: Tirat, publfo or civil chariera for publio adminiatess Hon, witch as thoso of oounties, citfes, sud tawne, and cunrlarn for tho urlvancemont of trade and busflios atich a8 thoso of hanke, Insuranco companicn, ulc., which nro moro or lens connoated with tho' great’ ofvil anid publlo mtorosts of commarco, Auanco, and_civil ond political ndministratiou, and aro, thorefaro, prop- orly coutrollablo by atatute-faw} and, aocondly, private ghiclers, aicl an iovo of colloges,'clurchos, Lowpl- tals, and ordinary private coparinorhips, which have no such conncotions whatevar, aud, therefore, ire not proporly mubjocted to any auch Iaws, To which of thexo classca do rallroads Lelong? Do thoy como {n tho category of thio cinechen and- honpltals, or du that of tho bunks and fusuranco-ofiicon? 1 fu the formor withs what denominatious or schiools of modicine shall wo cliss thomt Opthodox or broadgaugo; Allo- puthio “or Iomeapathio? Mr, Webster frankly ndmwits tht e doclslon of . the lowse conrt ngoluat the Trustecs was wholly corroct on theansitinption (Lt tholrs was, s Bad boen na- sumed, a pubilo and not o privata charter, Lnviny, o ho lioivs, nothing whatevor to do with eithar polisleal yowors, or fiiance, or olvil adminiutration: ‘and s wholo argumout_tiitricd_on this very pofut, * 1fo nlso shows_ that tuls eliartar wap, on tho fuco of it, n honas fide contraot § that De, Vlisclock, ouly in_considora- tion of His grant, had asiually movad and permansntly fixed btnohurlty nchool In tha Stnto of Now Htamiahiro s lind_aotually fnereasod it ondawmonls a4 ngrew], wholly front lis own private resources, and given thy Biato tholr full henofit, frco of publlo cdsta, = Af(or thfa full and oloar racilal, Mr, Webator mays ! © Thero nro in this easo, thiorofore, all hv csrontial. parts of & cone tract ;7 and **Tiis easo falls within tho truo menning of tho provieton of tho Coustitution,” Who cas douliy 17 Can any analogous cuso b AMADE OUT Foll NAILNOADS T Mo quoles tho docislons of the highest courta’ fo show {lat oven fhess 1fiwats corporations moy losa fholr- franchine, cithior by urgent Staio nocosslly, or chango of govern: ment, or by amlisuse or 8 non-use ; und that *This tacit condiiion {s unnoxed to nvfi:‘ sort of corpora- Hon” whethor expressed fh the charter or not; vut that, in this caso, thoro was no pretenss ovon of efthor nou-uso or misuke, Itwos not oven allegod thiat tho collego had, In auy way, elthor violated o defied, or ovon In sty way noglectod or disregardod, nny law of tho land, but thiat fihad been wholly aud unremittingly coniducted for the public good, Toattom| theroforo, wholly without ovou alloged cauge, to sitlp'it of sl iis propor functions and rigats, was o Victual violation of contract within {he mioauing of the Conniltution, Can any siich plea Lo mado ot for rafironda? If 4t In pald shnt this course of reasoning leaves the bondbolders at the mero mercy of the Leginlaturo, I re}fly that the opposite courss of reasoning, if aus- tained, would loavo tho whole mass of our farty miltio of poople, at tho mere marcy of a few totally Irrospon- fiblo cortorators, aud sl he shackt sud spesuisiors ut moy chooso {o prey upon thom, fhrongh thelr Loglstature, 1o all ooming e, ! ¥ AND WIIIOR 18 WORRE ? Lieglalntures can, by the popilur volo, at last bo forcod to do Justice, Clodo corporations cun never boy sud 10 good reason_ean bo glvon why tho Legiaiaturo should not alwaya taka tho injlintive fn their- corroo~ ton, subject, of course, to the final docision of tho courts, I admit most frecly, as was decidod In the case of Fletchor and Pook, that a grant fsa contract, to tho axtent that “ A party is always cstopped by his own graut,” and cannot pronounce bis own deod ine valld, even though that party bo the Legialaturo of o Blate, Dut, cstoppod from what? Is bo eatopped from dowmanding und obtaining all tho continuous im. plied public benefita of the gift or grant, or contract it gyou ploaso,—the solo considortion ro- colveil,—becauso ‘1t chances to becomo elther expresslys or inconvenlont for tho othier party to ronder them t That was niob only o parl of Lin own i, but thio only risk bo ran, no far G tho public is concerned, when hie accopted tho grant, Thut no indi~ vidual (or 8tate) should Lo allowed to ** pronounce his own deed or grant invalld,” to the njury of any othier party, in rfi!¥fl0| tonuy otaer past or whaily completed tratisaction, to which by hin sllonce ot least, ho has thus far given full consent, is sufclontly evident, But that lia 48 debarred from demnnding i1y implied concurrent bonofits to Lirasolt 1n full, A ab whaever cont to the other party from traunsactions or grauts, benofits in progress, r prooces of realization in tho future, or otherw1so moy rocatl and reclnlm_Lin grant altogethor, s not #o_clear ; and I_doubt whetler oo singio deciaion of sy repubiblo court can bo cited to cover atty auch ground ; or, If no, all the worss for the court, Tut I bavo sald enougl, perhaps, to show that this contract Bull of tho courts aud tha law Ly TTVO HORNS ON 1118 1EAD, with one of which he ** finru« my ox," ‘and with the othor of whloh o can pilll more dosply *goro your ox," It only onco Aot about it; aud I proposo that wa sot bim at [l Whenever tho courts como to anlyze br Ateell each case preaonted to them with suiliciont cloarness not to be befouled by u more name, howovor falaoly or artfally shoson, it will bs secn that & chiauge of names cannot miako a Wiango of thiugs ; aud that nothing whatevor can bo gatuod by calling & mero gift u contract, ‘Thio frat attempt of tho rallronds was to throw off alicarporate respoustbility whatevor, by rosisting all intorference of Stato courts, and socking shelter from tuem undor the Constitution of the Uniteqd Stales,— under covor of this sacrad sud high-sounding word, totally misapplied and misused in thelr case, bul still well adapted to appeal to the Ime agination, oxefto the fears, and paralyzs the nction of tho peoplu in thoir defonso of thoir own just rights, But even tho courts and the corporations themselves aro getting somowhat nshemed of much seif-ovidont Bophilstry, or, at loast, aro becoming fearful of longer risking tHelr tntorosts on such slipery ground ; con- sequently, thoy aro now planning o nvold tho Slate courts by anotler dodgo,—by gotting the wholo power of legislative control over railroads, taken outof tho Linnds of (ho Slates, who alona gave the charters, and nre nlono responsiblo for them, and put it by Iaw ene ticely into the hands of TIK GENERAL GOYERNSENT, under tho plea thut it alone hus power to regulate tho commorce between tho Statos,—very wll knowing that, I€ this i& douc, thoy will lave but oncsinglo sot of logislators, far removed fom tho_pooplo, and ono singlo wet of Jommisajoners, atill further removed, to dosl und tamper with, to buy up or bofool § tinscad of forty or 8o different sots, scaticred all over tho Ropublic, noar to tho people, claso under their oye aud power, and in constant syipathy with thelr nghts, wants, and Interests, Tam sorry Lo kuow, also, that 80mo of our own bost men, and oven soulo o our own convoutions, have, by somo moans, been ‘whoadled fnto the support of this artful schems, Ior ono I never liko to hioar anybody, not even n United Bates Cougress, to tio my own hands, ovenif they pro- poze to do my work betier than I can do it myself, es- eclally if my work is going forward reasonabiy well ng it s, Ouly once lot the State of Iulinols, with all the paticnce, porsoverance, capacity, braln, 'and horolsm ‘which shie can commond, mim thia bathie through to 4ho bitror end, cost what 1t muy, and all thoothor Stutes will goon follow suit, and we ehall sccuro al tho unity and harmony of actfon we shall ever nced, aud still” keop the reins in our own bands, whore thoy belong, Thora s, of courss, no harm in Congress proscribing somo_general principles of commoree betwoen tho States, provided It loavea each Btato freo to securo and_onforca the full bonolts of its own grants, If they aro grauts, o its own contracts, If {lioy aro coitracls3 but tie st eort in Copgross wil o STRIP THE BTATES NAKED of all power whatevor, and to consign thix whole vast Interest to ono siuglo et of Goneral Comissioners | That doue, uny ch'ld can see precisely where Oakes Amoy' morioy would *do most good;" snd, if fiva intilions would uot anawar, Afty millions could be Lad Just o well, and_ wo should Do nono the wier snd none tho better for {t, Huve we no just reasons for sch suspicions sud fears? It makes you laugh even to hicar mo, in theso duys, 8sk such o queation, I nm sorry for {t, but there it Js, Buch arc plain facts wo Lavaull got'to proparato meet, whother we liko it or not, Unfortunatoly, they ave become the most vital and materlal facts In overy great legislutive futerest, Aro wao stlll tao green to recognize them? Do our mothe ers xeally huow that wo are out ? 111 But X must haston on fo noto some of {lie re- sultn of this aingulur conflict, And at—They tell us that we have thin far ouly 2MADI ALL THINGE WORSE {han they woro botora; and I ovon most Joyfully d~ ‘mit it. Who that knows anything of humun wiluirs, in'so Bhort o time, expected auythlng elao? Is it not &0 fu every possiblo Ananclal roform? Who dogs not remember tlio incoasant outcry of that oloso_corpora- tion of old aluvelioldors, that wo wero at first ouly muking all things worso, bath for tho colored man aud tho whita ono? ‘Thoy took good caro that things slionld bo mada worse, 80 4 to uvail thomaclves of tho ery s und our rullroads ato now guly paying thyt sumo gatmo over agnin, Thioy hovo adupfed thelr lust tari(r, Guder the ltter of tholaw, to that very oud ; very artfully it may be, but only tho mora unwisbly, oa time will show. Secod—Dut wo hnve produced tho present financlal erlbis, it I3 suiil; and 1 uot only aduit it, but 10LORY I IT, Tho bursling up of thoso mouifold wind-bladders of the atock-gamblera fu Wall atroet was the very Arst Toquislte in any posstvlo Anancisl reform. But, whils 1+ No rogue ever felt tho halter draw, With good opinion of tho law,” 1t muat also be coufesod thut no real finanelal roform s over poselble whase firat needful stops o not. oth maka tho innocent auffer with tho gullty, and_actuall make the present condition of all worse than heforo {6 begun, Lot us thank God and tako coarugo, thon, thiat w hiovo in fuct Leon able fo mokoe both frelghts and duances worse thaa they wero to start withi; it sbows us that things havo begun to mavo, and. that wa may hope oon to bo able to muko thom - bottor fusfend of worso, Third—Dut it fs sald that you have appohited & Judgo of the courls in your own BI'EOIAL POLITIOAL INTEREKTH, Well, that is truly torriblo, especiully whuni wo raool- Joct {hut no Judgo of suy court ol the fuce of the carth, sinco Adutn wus boru, was probably over op- polnted who was mob supposod to bo in practical sympathy with the futoreste of the appolpting power, unless it wae dono a8 a moere blunder, How trily for: riblo, thon, it Is that you slould oponly appoint ut loast’ ouo Wudge au fho priuciple ” upon whick all othwr Judges hiavo citlier openly or sccretly boun ap- poluted over siuco tmo began, Fourth—1ut, wors and worse, 1t 1s even anld that, among your tHotsands of totally-untrained speakers, there are some who have mado INDISOBRET SPEEOMES, gr parta of apccolus. I tuls I redly oo, 1 a indest truly appaliiug. \Wio ovor licard of such & tint Le: fora on any Wostern stump? Now, my frionds, I hive been on the Wealorn stump mysclf ; snd eich one of us usod to carry under each urin n copy of Wabstor's blg diclionary, aud f, at auy momont, wo folt that we wero In_dangar of oxelting tho crowd by Indincrost words, wo sat down on & log, and oponed our dictiouarics, aud got ot the exact suil propor ward Lefors we procosded ; and a0 wa kept thia pauslons of tho crowd, aud tho nerves of those old graunfes of the goose-quil, both Tact and West, in a etuto of comforts £l cquibibrum, Wesleru metl, you kiow, alwaye do thut, But now you havo somo’ bere In your widet, suwmoi all your Lundrods of tiousands, meti who, it 14 alleged, do uso indlscreot sud oxciting words, ' Did anybody ever hear of tho lke bofore? How witerly appulling (), and on & Westorn stump, tool Don't you 50 thnt we will have ta dig that ll!lmsl up? Now, all tiose things tmply domonatrate ono potnt, my friouds, namoly: that your opponenta lave bo- coing b lust fully oons:fons of your powor, whothiar you have yourrolvos or.mot. DId any mnortil mun over buforo hoar of such & fes, il nolse, and Fumpus a8 tho OConservative press siirred up ovoe thusg spooclios und tLls sppolntment of ono singlo lacal Judge 7 Dul Xam happy to inform you that the ouls prit orators, and the awful Judgs, and the solar sy tem hnvo survived tho catantropho, and 1 hope mosl of tlio ngonized editors hnva ulso, F{fth—Dut you havo siso FRIGHTENED TIE POLITICTANA quita off of tholc ol nosts, aid, as Gun, Grant him. solf admits, virtually broken up moro political partde nauship fn all the aprionltural Hiates; end, I foar, wholo nasts full of efigs, on which our old politician; and railrond contractors have beon setting ot sesre will nover Lo hatehed, tth—You havo nt jenst moved backwards and jor tlod out of ita position hnt DIATNOLIOAL OONTRAOT~DOOTRINE g of tha courts, under which, If carelod out, any Legts Iatuzo might'be bribed, or wheadlad, or bafoolod, tin. dor pretonso of the pullio gond, o adl ot avory fo of sofl you have undar you, pookot their shars o U proceods, and feavn you to whilatlo, becatine, foracath, tho Connlitution of (ho United Stalea does ' ot alloy the Biatea to intorfera with contracty, Seventh—You aro nlao comiug, slowly porliape, bt still coming, to soo and feol, moro clesrly than ever Dafaro, tho whole brood of dangars aud fufauries (st tharoul tho wholo pant listory of Amerlean and Ln: glisl Jaw, havo over clustored around this subject of , BIECIAL LEQISLATION and speofnl ncerporation of privilegad classos, and tho {mmenso ndvantages thoy havo alwoys been nl Iowod to Liold_ovor all natural porsons, whother i raflronding, banking, insurance, mining, manufacturs Ing, trading, or whal nat, As in_the paper already reforred o1 have at somo length discussed this lople, T ncad pay i1 more wpon ik, E{plth=You bavo loarned elearly somo things thal caunot Le done, even §f you havo not yot learned whal can bo done, through Iegiaiation, fo' compel ralironds and l othor corporatious Lo bear thelr full, Just share, in our present fnovitablo loancs, fnstead of {hrowing thom wholly back wpon productrs, Wo hivo no do: #iro (o forea the rfleonds to nesumn tho wholo of Lhoss loases ; but wo intend that they shonld TAKE TUEIR JUST SHATE OF STEM: for thoy and mot we, (nanguraled the gume; thoy hold tho' biaddors, while o bl 4n tho wind. _Now, if they wil not do the far thing about i, wo'will sfinply amash up bladdors, wind, and all togethor, I huvo no fours. sbout ouf Stata'crodlt ; for T mont haartily wish that 1o 0no of theso Blatoa tould evor ba sbls to° barrow another dol. Ghuat ko ion, i word standy oxts in asion, And hioco to say that, whilo I was not in R ip ol Joay JUDGE LAWRENCR'S district and had no concern with his election or do- feat, and no sympathy with the Liua and cry ralved over it, on cither shle, ¥ Aid think his dociton of the cano brought beforo fiim, na whole, an ablo and Just doolslon tu thethon coudition of tho Courtand’ tho Iaw; fustructive to ue, and, on the whole, woll adapted lfl'l.xelp us forwaid toward our ultimalo ond, Ninth—You hnve lestnod to understund, botter than you did beforo, your real Folatlons to tho” middle.man, and to actual prices cure zonts and to all olec iradiug and manfucturing clnssea 5 ond herodllow mo to say that I Liavo always fully sympnthized with the fdea oxpressed by Prof, Maury, boforohis death, that your intereats, fn alf these lines alike, could not poealhly Lecome ontirely Becure until we conld in some way secire o TELIADLE WEEKLY CROP-NEPORTER for tho whole Unjon, zml for ever; county in tho Uulon 3 nud aver atnco I firat bosrd is irresistible ar- guront on the subject, In 8t, Louls, in 1872, I have alwayn dono all I could to secura a reault so devontly wialied for, Iam fully awara of tho Immenso Tabur, and risks, and cure, and cost of attompting to start such an onterprise. Dut still I think it can bo dons, must bo done, aud wilt bo dono, Yenth~Wo nced mo moro thronghe.rnilronds or dosert-roads of any sort, either bullt by Govermnont or otherwisc, Wa layoplrcady got morosuol roads than wa can EITILER URE OIt PAY POR, 1 do not helfovo It can bo shawn that ano slnglo rafl Tond weat of tho mountalus, I8 now worked itp to one- Ll of the roal capacity of its road-bed, if the eapacity of 1t4 running-atook, snd ita rates, wers bt proporly adjusted to (o needs of the Lour. low, thon, can moro dead capital in road-beds belpus out? But we «lo need all onr great riveraand lakes cleancd out, and Aok to work, In aplo-pie order, as moou nsdt can pos= sibly bo dotie, Kleventh—You can do your part as farmern in so- curiug ieso and other deslrublo ends, only ts other peowlo secura tholr euds : by persistent, deiormaned, and long-continued, intelligent Q0-OFIIATION, COMBINATION, AND CONSULTATION; il at last all your renl wonte, and intercsts, and rights Locomo cicarly known, otleast to yourselves 3 un I you reach thnt point in twenty yeurs to comp, ¥ dll Uo tho greateat financlol work for clvilized mun that ever was dono on our planet, Why comen up this universal howl and wall over farmers’ com- Dinatlons from clagses thit have never boen ablo an zol to wink or breathe ontsida of some form of com- luution among tholr clasa? Surely this outery §s omiuous, but it 1s not very frightful,” I leave you to butclier 'that cupty_bellow for yoursolva s only bo careful that you don't cut ita guts and muko too bad a smicll, 1 fan age of tha warld that moves anly by combiuation snd co-oporation,—an ugo u which every class and overy dulerest uner heaven Doth sacred and profine, turoughout all Christendom, even down fo he lowost serfs and day-luborers of Europe, movo and act ouly through combination in somo form; if, Inan ago like this, you aro still too stolid and stupid to also combluoaid ca-oporate to promoto your own intorests; orif you can, by ime portinont “coxcombs, be browhoaten, or frightoned, or befoolod out of all aftompts ot such combintations fllnflnfi yourselves,—then our heads in sflouco lot us go home, hang and our herps o the wlliows, and soy no more. Wo bavo lready got all wo dosorvo, and ovon mors than wo deserve. Dut, says ono of our wiscacres, 1 do not bellove ihoy can_co-operalo " Nor do I bellove thist they oan ; nor o I believo that tho child that bas never tried can walk 3 but he can learn to walk ; and, by losrning fo walk, Lo can alouo bocome b man amoug men, 1ave you graco and patfence, gentlo- men, snough to keep trylng your trotters, till you can can at last reach THF TRUE DALLOT-DOY, into which alono your ballot should b east? That is the ouly question, It will take some thme, I admit, Bome say you Inust not act polltically ¢ 1f' it only ha meant that you slould not, as heretofare, allow mors partisun poiiticlns to divide you mto rancorous po- litical antagonisms over futerest wholly their own, and Toad you by the noso In rival squuds to the polla ta achisve thelr own ouds, Iadmit 1t; at present I mys sclf bollevo that it fa your frio policy not toorgantz any political partios, but to Lold yoursclves ns a whals, 28 ua ever-reudy balance-of-power parly, But allow mo to tell you, gentlomen, that, befora you got half through tlio business yon bave taken in bund, sou will fing yourselves compelled to act, in sonio way, polili- cally, industrially, financlally, edclally, and roiigiousy, and In all othor Ways in which mortal mun on carst lias ovor before worked, Work away, then 3 and God Dless tho workers | FORM OF ORGANIZATION, The Presidont stated that the COMMIITEE ON OGANIZATION was roady to subinit thelr report for reading, but ney action, Yo dwsired tho delegates to ilsten to it atten- tively, and Jf tliey hnd nuy suggestions or corrections to m&flm to notify the Cummittes after the adjourn- meut, Mr. Hooton, Chasrman, snfd the Committes had been scdulously at wock inca Tuesdsy morning, and bud et with many obstacles. Evorybody had & different Inn, and it wis almost mposeiblo to ngroe upon any- Tulug, " They lind, howover, reached & conolusion, 4t it was hioped the Topost would be cahnly listencd ta und thought over befors any attempt was ade to piclk it to pieces, Mr, Green, of McDonough County, then read tha report us folows: THE_CONSTITUTION, v AntioLr 1, Thls orgonization ehall’ be known as the State Farmera Asociation, AR, 2, Tts obfect sholl bo tho promotion of the mwral, jutellectui, rocial, and pecuniary welfare of tha membiers of Lho organizations ropresented therin. A, 3, This orgunization shall consiat of it officers, and dolegates electod by the Couty Farmers! Assocta- {ions of ‘thu Btato upon the ratio of represcntation as heroinaftor provided, Anr, 4, Its oflicers sholl consist of s Presidont, Vice-Presidont for eacl Congreasional District of tha Stute, uud o Becretary and o Treasurr ; and theso ofllcots shnll constituto the State Gentra} Gommittoo of thls Ausoclation, and shwil hava power to appoiut en Executiva Committes of threo from lta_own membors, 8sid_ofticers sliall Lo clected at tho annual meoting, aud eervo. for ouo year, or uutil thelr” succossors axd elected, Aur,'6, The subordinate orgsnizations of this As- sociation’ shall couelst of & County Assoclation, or Council, composed of delegates appotatodl by tho loeal cluba, granges, or othor industrisl nssoclations of each county ART, 8, Exch County Assaclation, or Connetl, shall bo entftlod to one raprosontative $n'thio o Associe tion, aud one for every 20 mombers aud fractional part thereof cxeceding 100 mombers, of the farmors’ clubs, granges, o otiicr Sndustrlal orgauizations, Ant. 7.—1Tu0 Btalo Ansociution aball meet annunlly on tho firat Tueaday in Dozomber, at suchs place us Lo Asuoclution may dutermino, or, §n tho cass of {ts fail. wwre toact fu tho wmattor, it atich places the Central CGommitleo may dotermine, spocial meotlugs may Lo ealled by tho Executive Commiltee, AR, 8,—Tho otlicers of this Assocfation and the Treatilent of the County Assocation ahull canstitute an advivory Bourd that shall meet on the firsl Tuclay of Muy nnnually, to dotermins whnt political sction, 1f nny, this Assoclation aball take for the year. Thlrty mombers of wid Gommitteo shall constitiito n quorui, Anr, 9, This Gonstitution may bo amoudod at any regular meeting by & two-ihirda vole, THE DY-LAWE defing the dutics of theollicrs, ‘Thaduty of the Vice. Tresldents slinll bo to organize disteict aesoctntio and hiave gonoral suporvision of thoso n thelr dlatric "Tho nccrotarics of the lacal nssocftions will ho res quired to romit thu 10 conts per caplta tax por aunum, Tuilura (o do eo forfelts all th paiviiegos arlsing from tho connection of thoie organization with tho State Asgaciation, % Tho Exccutive Commitice shall hnvo gonoral man-~ agamont of the uifairs and utercats of tha Associa. tion, it bolng thefe duly to promoto and offect thorough organization of the farmors of tho Slato, aud ~ to ask nnd sccuro logislation upou’ matlors nffecting furmnors, Thoy ara also to appoint anuually o Purchasg Ageal, whoso duty atinll o prescribod by thom, hio fo oxeduto n bond of £50,000 for the falthfal dischargo of Nis duties, Local Turchusig Agents to bo distinet from lim, UNIFORM CONATITUTIONS, Tho Committcs offered thio followlug ¢ Resuleed, Thut we think §t advisabio for the Exocne tive Uomniltiea to reconmend nifoim constitutions and by-laws fot ull subordinuto organizations, NO AOTION TAKEN, Hothing wes sald sbott tio ropurl by the delegstar, and whstlior it meot tholr approval or nol will uot b know until aotion fs takou apou 1t o-mosrow wora- g, 2, M, ooton then rend o paper on tho creation and atstribution of weulth as follows ¢ WO OREATES WEALTIL, AND IIOW IT 18 DIS- THIBUTED, My, President and Gontianien of the Convention : "Fiys subjeot upon which Tam requosted to nddress Yo o Uhat duclided Lo politieal coanoury of thy ontira world, A full sud comprohonsiys trenfmont of it will, thorefore, b uttorly {mposble i tho short timosilotted me, T shull, thoreforo, procced to diti- cuxs somo of (ho moro {mportant fonturea of my siilia Ject, that scom to be ost futimately connected with