Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 6, 1873, Page 12

""HOW A CYCLOPEDIA IS MADE, The Work of Revising Appletons® 0ld Ldition. How and By Whom the Worlk Is Done. Editors, Associate Editors, Revisers, and Contributors, The Various Processes of the Work. The Thoronghness with Which It Is Done ss=<Important Changes Made, Progress of Revision Thus Far, Correspondence of The Clifeago Tribune. New Yonx, Nov, 22, 1873, Tho making of n first-clnea Cyclopedia is & gigantio undertaking for a singlo publishing houso to take up in addition to it goneral busi- noss snd carry through to completion ; and tho worlt on which tho ostablishment of the Applo- tons, of thia city. s now engaged, Is ouo of tho groatest of its kind. Nominally it Is a revision of the old Oyclopadia, but virtnally it in tho preparation of a far moro comgleto, carefully- wrought, and oxpensive book than the original. This revision is no slovenly retronchment of passngos horo aud there, aud the fllling of tho Bpacs oo gained with new matter; but a thorough ovorhaullng of every page. JMany titles which the maturer judgment of the edi- tors hns deomed superfluous in a work of tho kind have beon altogether suppressed; other articles bave beon brought withiu smaile ar compass; and many new ones have boon introduced. A large portion of the old articles which are rotained in nubstanco are entireiy rewritten, and avery ouo is carofully re- vised. Whatover of later or mors accurate in- foymation can bo had is obtaiued at whatover 08t, and no pains are spared to make the work a porfect record of all such general information 18 tho studont and the worker in the various sallings in life may at any timo stand inneed of. TUEZ WORKSHOP. ‘The principal part of tho work of proparing *he Cyelopedia is carried on in the fourtl: story 5 the publishing houso of the Applotons, on Broadway. Entering tho frout door, you pass shrougl lanes piled high with books on oither “aand, among which & small colony ot clerks and sustomers obsuruct your progress, until you tench tho rear of tho store, on Mor- ser streot, 200 foet from the on- iranco. Intrusting yourself to tho olova- tor thero, you are carried to tho fourth etory, whero you ungain traverse tho entire longth of tho building to tho front, passing smong cords >f papor and stationery., Thore you find the workebop of tho modern Cyclopedists, It i iivided off bylow portitions from tho rest of sho floor, and fs fully lighted by the largo win- dows on the Broadway front, Itis o room nbout ifty feet squure, in which some twonty-five or +hirty mon are constantly occupiod. Through tho niddle runs a long desk, with places tor writors along botl sides, and an elevation in tho mid- dlo, filled with pigaon-holes stufted full of docu-~ ments and matoriafs. All about {ho room aro ollier desks at evory avsilablo point, and day nfter day may bo found thero the plodding work- men at the herculean labor which which had been going on nearly for two yaars beforo the frst volume mado its publis appearance. One sido of the room is entirely taken up by o " sories of book-shelves, filled with 21l tho refer- suco-books, in various languages, which -comld .00 got togother, besides reports, volumes .of statistics, histories, ofticial almanaes, otc., ole. -Evary doak, too, is’ burdonod -with doeunients obtatned for special lines of work, amd with mauukcript-material secnred by countaus corre- spondenco with liviug authorities. Tho carly worlers gencrally put in an appearance hove about D o'clock in theniorning, and the othors drop in in tho coursa of tho next Lour; and, through the middle of the day, every desk is ocenpicd and every ll.xmn is busy. The workers seldom speak to oach otlier, oxeept to consult in an nuder-tone &3 {o some doubiful poiut, Lvery man hay Le- fore him aud about him bLooks and documents 2overing bis desk and ruouing over upon tha Hooror s neigbboring chair. Lvery uow and Jhien some ona glidas up to tho colossal boos- ;g0 to comeult somo suthority or to aunt down na miesing fact. 'Thros or four auge atlages,porched upon a sort of vasel for con- veulent reference, recoivo constant vieits ; and, aatd Jato in tha aftornoon, the busy worlk goes on, Mauuseript uprings into oxistonca, pasues through tho ordeal of ravision, aud woes furth to the printer, who is located over the river in the tlrt of Brooklyn fawiliarly kuown us Williams- urgh ; and back come prouta in piles, to bo pub through » thoraugh coriection. 'THE EDITORS. Chief among the worlers in this litorary hive {8 tho venerablo George Ripley, well known for his vast end eritical information _on all manuer of subjects, aud his_high aud liberal culture, e is & gradunto of Harvard Colloge, was the prime mover in tho famous co-operative anter- priee known as the Brook Farm Colony, waich drow in so mauy of the choica intollects of the last gonotation in Massachusetts, and ling crownod his Jater yoars with wide and varied experience by extousive travel, constant study, and associntion with the activa mon of tho living world. flois still, a8 ha has boon for many vears, tho litorary editor of the 7Tribune, aud displays in that position uot only tho erudition Ey ;l'rncu that come from lurge culture, but an wetivity sud enterprise that would do credit to ke Joungest Jourualists, It is raro that sny of ‘e literary worls of the Tribune is done by any sther band, though Lo iu obliged to dovola quita sne-half his worling timo to the Cyelopedia. In serson, Mr, Tliploy is etout, nnd carries the weight'of nunt thico-score-yeurs-and-ten with o irmandelautiostop, Hishnirandclosely-trimmed oeard are almost white, but his faee Is lorid with health dnd cheorfuluoss, Asis well known, bo and M. Charles A. Dana wero tho cdilors of the old cdition of tlio Oyclopedia, sud are no Eusor novices in condacting a work of tha Lind, Mr. Dana best known as the editor of the Sun nnwupa!:u:, but no one who knows him us tlint alone kuows tho man atall. Ho, too, was carriod awey by tho millonnial dronm ‘of Brook Farm, but suluequently gavo his life to jonrnal- lum, Of Into ho has been known us a dold and not overscrupulous sssailant of anybody aud auything that bas roured hia indignation ; but, in private tife, he is tho most polished of sehiols ara and the most genial and interesting of com- ?Auiuuu. IIa is maslor of tho German, Fieach, tallan, aud other European langungos; und Lis culture and information are vawe aud vavied. Mr, Ripley and Mr. Dana work togedior as editors-in-chio! in the most porfect harmony, “he former Low his wholo soul " in the work, It occupies lis waking and Lis alenping hours. Every moment_that can bs snatchod frum other engajgoments i8 given to it. 1lo looks alter every dotwil of the work, from the time the old volumes are tuken up until the new ones nve insued. o in continuully watching lest any taw should pass beyond tho’ reanch of remady, His memorandum-buok ia in constaut use for new eutries or consultation of old ones ; nid ho can- uot rest until overy point of tho woik in prog- ross i familiar to hls mind, When it is cousid- orod that tho advance-guard of writers 18 all tho tima at leant threo volmes ahead of tho lost re- visor, it will bo scen that this is no light tank, blr. Duna's methad of working iu different, 1le rarcly spends more than an hour in the oftico at one thne, but during that hour he glances overs multiphcity of matter upou which Lo Is to Lo con- wilted, with amazing rapidity srd sccuracy of judgmout, 1le looks avar spocial articles and makes wuggestions for improvement, runs through plies of ordinary copy to see how the genetal work la boing done, caste Lis eya ovor yroofs by tho score aud soldom misses enything ealliug for suggestion, and sottlos mooted points Fichout & momout'a Lositation, ‘Then ho burries nway to bis regular day's work, THE ABSOCIATE EDITONS, Thero aro four ansociate ediiors, who do uo riginal writing, but doul only with tho work of others, revising, corructhu{. and icducing to symmotry and porrection, First among those is Robett Ouctor, & man of New England birth and caueation, bue for many yoars connected with 40 nowagaper-pronnos bl iy pudSiate, Honas e correnpondont o tia Zribune at Washington forn hmi Lima, and subsaquontly oditod a nowi- payor st Rochoator, Latterly ho has been woll and favorably known s the editor of Appllons’ Jdournal. Ile, too, mny bo k}mkcll of ng yen~ erable withont offenne, Of ¢hort siaturo aud full habit of bocdy, with o rubleand Inco, ndornod hy o Lull gray beavd, and surrounded Dy rvather 19ng nnd untrammoled lncke, lio in tho picture of o Hiorary Sauta Clans, In his work ho fs quiet and unostontations, but clear-sightod and ao- eurato, M. Hollfrin Is the walldug Cyelopedin of tho catnblishwent, 1o {s of n Polish family of siclialaty, nnd wos bimsoll tho Private Sscrotary of Kossuti whon that patriol’s star was in tha ascondant. Tils erudition, espeoially In mattors roluting to history, biography, geography, and ,mnulouy. iy somothing nstonishing, and extonds 0 the miuntost dotails, Hois ono of the best Iebrow uchiolurs ulive, and {4 acquninted with other Oyiontal tongues, Losidos boing perfectly al hiomo in nearly every lnngunge of ancient anil modorn Buropo, Ho “writew and sponks with enne no less thun twelvo of theso langunges, 1lo Liaw of late lind chargo of tho fiiorary roviows of the Nation, Every page of tho Cycl?mlln 18 submitted to him 1 proof, and subjected to his unorciful correetlon, Bir, Atfred H, Guernsay has had. groat ox- porieuco in poriodieal and other literary worl, lmriug been fu the employ of thu Marpers for Komo tirenty vears, [or a long {ime lio was cdi: tor of their Magazine, aud did the prineipal pos tiou o thelr historieal work on tha War of the Rebellion, o iy constauntly employed in an edi- torint rovision of tha copy furnishod by other wwriters, Ay, Francia A, Tenll's Lrahfluf and exporlonco mnko him au invaluablo man, 1fo was n prac- tienl l:riulon and for many years o proof roader ; and thoso whio aro familiar with tho duties of l.lmb‘lmul fou knew what o vast amount of de- tailed Information is gathered by an intelligont and faithful mun in “performing ity functions, Mr. Teall's aro the last hands through which the copy poes bafore loaving for the printing-otico and tho flmt to receivo tho proofs. Tho flual eystematic castization, which Is expected to elimiuate avory hlunder In orthography, punctua- tion, nse of languago, or of facty, is administered bfl' lum, though the genoral suporvision of ihe cltief editors doen not ceaso till thopages aro bo- fore tho world, GENERAL REVISENS, J Theon thero i n stnff of vevisers, several of whom are dovoted to special lines of work, for which thoy have apecial quahfientions. Yor in- ntance, Dr, Edward H. Clarke, who is n profos or nnd ‘o "distinguishiod physician in Boston; an woll as tho author of sevoral medieal works, han genotal supervision of tho articlos on medical subjects, many of which e writes himsolf, 'Tho Hon, T, M, Cooloy, LY. D., of Ann Arbor, Mich,, who i ono'of tho soundost constitutional luwyers in tho conntry, and is about to publish 5 work un Constitutional Law, exerclses n similar supervisionover the logal articlos. Prof, Dalton also writea medical articlos, Eatou 8. Drone, M. A, hng chargo of tho titlos on Amorican goography, wuch as the States, countion, cities, rivern, mountniny, ote., besides othors requiring specinl atatistical information, such as thoss on “Cotton,” * Education,” **Emigration,” cte. Ho is indofatigable in collecting all thoe material that can be had in every quarter of tho globs for his speeial work, and caroful in his mothod of working it up., Dr. Hogeboom dovotos himself to articles pertaining to the mechanio arts, such as browing, blasting, &e. Prof, 'L, Storry Ilunt, of tha Boston In: tuto of Technology, looks after subjects in uatural history. Diof. doy, of Columbia C lege, hisa charzo of tha titles on chomintry, Prof, J. A. Bpoucer looks aftor matters relating asstel history and licorature. I'he Rav. Bernard O'Reilly, au eminont clorgrman of the Catholic Chiurca in this city, propares the arti- clon on subjecls portaining to tho history and dactriues of that Chureh, My, Edward” Bur- lingame, who is Lhe #on of tho lato Hon. Anson Burlingnmo, hes general chargo of the depart- ment of illustrations, bub also_gives much timo to writing, Mo is » good deal omployed upon matters of classical history and biography, but mueh of Lis timo is employed in embodying the Iatest current information in articles wiuch had been fully comploted weeks, and porliaps mionths, bLetore the information came to land or was in oxistenco. Atr. Van Rhyn doals mostly with Oriental sub- Jjeets, and thoso rm‘uhinr.r o familiarity with Byri- ae, Arabie, and other Lastern tongues, Dr, Shoa deals with anything portaining to the Ameriean Indinng, & Bubject of whieh® ho has wnde himsolt madtar, M, Julius Bing, who wa formorly Consul-(lonersl at Smytna, nd is Tamiliay with several Kuropean lamgusges, do- votea Litwel? ehioily to Ruropean® biography, geagraphy, and history, Trof. Alexander Shos i distiugiishod for biy knowledge of European statwstien, and tho vast collections of nhichlio bus constantly n band, Prof, Richard A. Proctor, tho Engzliuh astronomer, 1 & regular ner 1 tho branch of seionco in which hois distinguisied ; and orhora of the regular stall of revisens huve special classes of topies to which they clielly contino thoir laburs, Thoro arve, Lowaver, suvoral who dovats Lheir ontive ntton< tion to the largo clasu of miscollancons subjocts which ave left wiasn all tho wpecialties bave peon takou ont, ‘Lhoro ave invariubly men of high culture und iutelleccual attainments, and of cos- sidoravlo hiterary experienco, My, Johu Milner, tho Secrataty, should not ba forgotion, who bus chargo of tio grext mass of bootzs wnd documentary and manuseript ma- terialy, as well 18 of tho copy and proofa of the tisatter which is in procoss of proparation, Ilo is no novico, but a gray-haired and gray-bearded veterun, nud s acenrate uud mothiodical s 1 macainé. Mo kocps o complota Tecord of avory- thing that is goirg on, o has on record tho nnme of every writor, the matter that each hus iu hand, date on which it was given out and returned, and the exwet amount writton or revised by aach. ‘Tho coming in of proofs ia also reeordled by him; and, by turning to his books, the oxact " condition of the work asany time can bo ascertained. OUTSIDE CONTRIBDTORS, The corps of ontside writers who nro employed from time to time includes a lnrge proportion of tho leading aciolars of the country, and many of thom are the highost authorities ou the subjects with which thoy deal. Tor instance, Mr, Honry Carey Baird, of Philadelphia, ono of the leading Amoticun nuthorities on political economy aud finance, prepared the article on banks, and {s engagod for all similar toples of firat-class im- portance. Mr. Rtossiter \V. Raymoud, woell known for his oificial roporte and litorary works on mines sud miving, proparas all article por- taining to thuse subjacty, Llizur Wright writea on insurance ; and neores of othor woll-known men contribute of thewr loarning and informa- tion, ‘Tho number of theks outside contribu- tors to th firet volumo is nearly sovonty, nud nesw ones uva continually being employed ay the work advances, COLLECTION OF MATERTAL, The library contains all the existing Cyelo- pedins and biograpliichal and other dictionaries ot modern date, iu varions Inuguages, bosides a Iargo collection of spocial works on various sub- Jects, 'Chera n16 massos of Congrossional aud Parlismentary reports, bluo books, reports of expoditions and surveys, biographics, histories, travels, cte,, ote. Whenover any book is needad which isnot in tho library, it is immodiately obtained, A costly book " will ofioutimos bo pought, though of 110 use %ave In ono compara- tively smull “urtiole. All cansus-reports and other statistical mattors aro obtained from oili- cial soureoy nt the earlies: momont by porsistent corrospoudence, In tho ourly stagos of tho work, the United States consns-tables wera ob- tained long Lofore they wora publishied,—in the oarliest proofs, and some even in manuscript,— tlo oxponso of copylug belug paid, of courno, by tho Appletous. "As a rulo, the utmost court tesy {winol in all quartors, and informalion is lmpartod freely and promptly. TIHE PUOCESS OF REVIRION, ‘I'he process of revision in begun by one of the principal editors golug ovor the voinmas of the old adition, and drawing o pencil-mark through articles to bo omitted, indicestug on the margin that othors aro to bo 'shortoned, and noting now titles to be Introduced, ‘he columus aro thou ent out and pusted In tho middlo of halt-shoots of faolseap papor, ‘I'hese form the foundation for tho work of tho revisars, All thoso articles which aro to be giveu out to mpocial writors, whether in the attice or ontsido, are chacked off, und the leavos distributed from time to timoe among tho rogular rovisors, ‘Lo special titles nre uualgned to the writors whouso qualifications beat (it them to hundlo the various tapies, Whenever any man outaide of the oflico is kmown who is bottor qualified than any one clae to doal with au important scientific or tech- nical subject, Lis sorvices are secared, if possi- blo, Tha originel artivle s sent to him, eud ha in ongaged to revise, correct, or whoily rewrito, nceording to lis own judgment. No trouble or expenso 18 spated to Hecure the servicos of the moat thorough master of the subjact, It is no uuvommon thing 1o send {o foroign countries to eomo porson speeially qualified for o diffieult task, For instance, ‘the subject of the Chi- neso lauguana aud liorature wae seut to Dr, B, Wells Williams, who has boen for many yeard a misaionuryin tho Colostial Empire, hai written several works on Chineso matters, and Is doubtless tho groatest liviug scholar in that l?('nbtl dapartment, The Chinaso lattors which Mustrato the article are printed trom ;,\’Bc sout, Ly him trow Csuton, Incvory case ghg" firhout authorlty witaluable {s sought. "Those! Hocial aiticles of less magnitude and Importknes are glven to writera compotent to deal with wholy cluaues of mubjocty, Aiticlos are coutinually’ golug out and coming in, whilo tho ofMeo-work goos wiondily on, 5o far an now toples are con- corned, ovory one ia ohcanraged Lo suggost thom a0 they may have comie up in his particular ine vealigations ; but tho oditory finally declde Whattior thoy ara to bo ndmlttad or not, ‘I'ho Secrotary hins chargro of (ho great maus of copy whilo it fs In cource of propara- tion, rocoiving tho articles nu fast ns thoy are propared. Augoon astho matorial thutcomes from the varloun writers is consccatively completo, it gony lhruufih tho sovere oporation of oditorinl rovision, Tha firat part_of this work is dividaed hetwoon Mr, Carter aud Dr. tGuornsoy, who read tho mattor all through carvofully, making such corrections lu gtnioment or exprossion ns they noo flt, and curtailing or modifying whorevor it i1 domanded, ‘Thoy aro couatantly vorifying doubtful ntatemonts, looking up faote awd datos, aud polishing up tho aiticles genorally, It is 1o uucomnmon thing for thom to flad wn article quite unsalisfaceory, sl to sond it back to the unme or anothor wrltor to ho improved, or oven ontiroly dona over. Mr. Ripley and Mr, Daun ara all this whilo koeping an oyo to this copy, looking over articles, making kuggoations, and laoking out for flnws aud imporfeations, Linal- Iy, Alr, Taall taken tho matter in hnnd, and pro- paros it for tho printer. o sottles ail matiory of orthography, punctuation, &e., and excrcisos bis Judgment " frecly ns to tho form and sub- stanco of tho articlos, Aftor his coustigation in complote, it £oss to the printing-ofice. Prosently it voturus in * galloy-proofs,” which Ay, Tenlt 8 nid corroots. | ‘Cheso are taon sent to Mr. Ioilfrin, who makes all Ui vevision in the proofs. - 1lv not wncommonly fills the broad ‘margina with chauges und correetions, ovon alter fim ‘matier hag boon thirongh so many compotout handy in copy. Mr. Carter and the chief editors nlso look over the proofs to guard againat tha possibility of an error gattiog be- yond recall.” These proofs, with the mnss of corrections and chunges, uro thon sent ovor to the printing-ofitco and the carreotious mado in typo. Iroshh proufs aro thon sent back for fur- thor improvemeuts, and agnin rolurned, {tho mutter}u then made up iuto pages, and * pago- proofs " takon and sont to the editors, Fnlalll\’ aftor tho pages huyo beow cast into_platos, utill another sot of proofs arc taken, which aro sent to tha ofice and pasted into large folios for roferenco, Still“the book Is open for cor- rection or Improvoment up to tho last moment before Leing put to'pross, 1f any now event of importance uceurs, or now and valuablo material comoa to light, thoro fano hexitation in destroy- ing plates and Laving this now matter incorpo- rated, As nniustance, the first volume was all ready for the vress, when tho fivat nows of the rolaris Expedition wau receivod; but {ho work upon it was stopped at once in arder that the ra- sult of Capt, [Lull's investigation might bo am- bodied iu the articla on Arctic Discovery. Again, when (ha article on ** Cotton" was prepared, tho latost statistics obtainable woro those of 1872. A short timo azo the figures of 1873 camo out, and, though tho article Lad long boforo passed into the closod-up plates, it was ro- opaned, the now statistics iutroduced, snd tho pnges roadjusted. During ull this process, from the tima the old pages are taken in land till tho now ones are put to pross, tho closest scrutiny is exercisod over tho work, and tho most rigid attention to overy dotail in oxacted. ‘Tho amouut of matter uudnrfia!ng tho trausformation at ouce i more than throe volumon of the work, 5 TROGRESS MADE, At this moment the l\lvaucn-gunrd of general revisors, who ara working ou_iho miscellaneons srtlowes lolt, afier all upecinlticn are taken out, are busy in tha eloventh volume, down in tho the letter “M." Tho work of wspoecial writers is at all stages of completucas throughout thoe pra- ceding four volumes. ‘Uho oditorinl yevisers hiavo in hand matior belonging to the savonth and cighth volumaos. Whon I last visited the Banetum, n'duy or two ago, cony hiad boon sent to the piintiug-ofiico to the word * Forgory," wall atoug in tho sovouth volumo; galloy-proofs hnd been recoived to * Fischer"” carly in the samo volume; pago-proofs to “Falmouth” noar the beginning of that volumo; aud plato- proofsto * Burope,” which is near tha close of the wixth volame. Volumss, 4, 5, aud G ara sub- stuntially fluished ; and Volume 4 wili bo jasned about the 15t of January. Lo others will fol- low at jutervals of two or thres months. IMPORTANT CHANGES. Thoe tranaformation of tae Uyclopedin, afcer under going this process, i complate, and jusii- {ios thiscluim that it iy xubstantially a new work, Moy nrticles in blography, bistory, geography, &e., which wers of littlosignificance, are omitted, All terms marely requiving definition, such ns it iu the fanction of dictivnary to givo, aro uu&»- presscd, Evoryching is retained which is vellevad to bo of uutliciont matment to the scholar or the scekor for iuformation in any line to in- duco such porson to resort to n Cyclopedia for light uponit. Many of the old articles which went uanecossarily {nto dotail, or wars unduly gln\mmlud in utyle or coustruction, are con- ensed, Itin o principla rigidly adherad to-in this odi-- tion, that thers shall be no wasto of spaco. No ouuward dourishios of stylo are tolerated. What isvequired is n clear, concise, and forciblo stato- ment of all the facts worth stating, Vigor and elaganco in aiticlea which admit of thess quali- tios ave nppreciatod, but no oflorescenco of languuge. Not only is thero n vast amount of later Infor- mation mcorporated into the articles, bringlng thont down au nearly as possiblo o tho prasent momant, but tho chauges of tho last ~fiftesn yoars havo brought a large number of new sub- i},ccm iuto prommencs, m history, keography, ograply, and cionco. ** Tho Confoderats States " ix a now title, occupying much space ; and tuat namo suggestas n host of others to come in in their propsr plages, ho articlos on Amorican Wines,” ** Alasln,” * Fish-Culture," and scores of othors, are uew. Tho titlo * Bank," and all subjects portaining to commoreial and iudustrial intarests, aro much more freely treal- ed than in the old edition ; aud all statigsical in- formation {8 vautly more completa, THE CARE THAT 18 TAKEN, From what hea boen alveady said, it will he secn that the ulmost care ia talken to attain com- plete sccuracy and perfection, bur it ey bo worth while to illustrate tlua still further, and this cannot be botter done than by taking wp x single important article, and showing Low it hay boen made. Take, for inatance, * Edueatin,” which occurs in Volumo 6, ani has beon pros pared by 3fr, Drono, It contains a gonoral stato- ment of systematic edueation, together with its history i the past, and thou onters into_ details with rozard to tho wystems in voguo in diffarent countrios, giving special prominance to those of America, 'Lho Intest aud bost facts nud statis- ics avo fully wet forth, Now, befors putting pen to paper, Mr. Drone collectod all the published marorinl that could be found in tho form of tieatises, reports, pamphlets, and documonts of overy description, He thon put lumaelf in correspondonco with tho Bureau of Statiatics at Washington and vari- ous Commissionors of Education, bosidos all the leading nuthorities ou the subject, both in this country and abroad, ln dus timu be obtaiu- ed, from mora than a dozen difforont sources, & largo nmount of fresh matorial, collections of facta, and valuable suggestions. Having gothis matorial togother, lie oat down and made bim- nolf master of tho iuformation contained in it. o spont soveral weoks iu extracting aud putting in form this information. 1o then had the article put In type, and sent proots to all tho suthoritics whow he hed conaulted by lettor, and bad them make corrcctions and ‘muggestiona, which ho afterwards jucorporated in tho_ articls. Proufs of tho articlo Lave gune to London, Yaris, Berlin, and Vienna, as woll as to various pluces ut homo. ‘Cho result, 23 may bo imagmed, 18 the buest resume of information on this im- portant subject that could bo mada. Tu fact, no tino or expense conscientionsly ox- pendod in perfecting tho work 18 bogrudgod by the editor or by the publishers, Lvery man i oncournged to socura tho hest matorial, at what- evor cost, aud spend all tho time that may be necoasary to tho must completo and accurato ro- sults, Take, for instance, tho titlo *Fur," which Mr. Drono has just teken up, Tho refer~ ence-books in the library contain no definite in- formation rogarding tne production or the ex- tent of the trade in furs, and nothing satisfac- tary could be found in print. Finally, 28 a last resource, word has been sent to the Appletonn’ agont {n London to visit the oftices of tho Hud- son Day Company, and obtaiu everything that can be furnishod by thal concern ‘I'hio magnitude and expones of this undertak- ing were probably never equaled by auy literary anterprise catriod out by u slngle private finm without subsidiury aid,” I'hie expouss approxi- mated to $100,000 before the first volume made its appearance und thoro was any prnz]u-ct of returna ; and tho current expensos for literary work nlone amount to about 81,500 per wooli, ‘Taiu takes no account of the cost of illustrating, priuting, and binding. The priuting 1s more ox- ponsive than in ordinary books, owing to the vayt amonnt of changing and correction that is made after the matter lins been put in type, THE ILLUSTRATIONS. The illustrations domaud & word by thom- gelved, Tho work of tho enfmvh:fi, under {ha divaction of Mv. I'limor, la of tho Lost quality, Mr, Burlingame, who hna genorsl auposvislon ot tlus dopartment, alows nothiug Lo pass which It not in every way cieditablo to the work, The designs ave obtained fram any trust- worthy actres thut Is available, Mauy of thom, capeclally tnoag illustrating scientifio artiolos, aro takon from the Lost staudard worka; somo aro found in otticlgl yoports, othors fu the booky'of ‘travelors, and very many e from plhotographs- and drawings ‘obtafned ospecinlly for the Cy- clopedia, . In gooolusion, permit mo to give it as an un- binged apinfon 'that, for” practical uae, this will bo the Lost Cyclopodiin in existonce,—not anly Leeauso all the most valuable fauts of exinting reforence-booky wlll bo found in it, topothor With the best fnformation from all othier availa- blo souress, It beeauso it Is golton up with o eara und Nidolity vory raroly oxerclsad I uny-lit- ovary work, Kinen, SIR HENRY HOLLAND. Pleannut Anocdotes of n Great and Populne Physician, Frain the London Timer, Bir Walter Scott relales that, when somn one was mentionod us s **fine old man™ to Kwift, lio_exclaimed with violonco that thero wan no sueh thing: “If (ho man yon speak of had eitbior nmind or a body worth a farthing they would have worn him ‘out long ngo.” Vol talre, Gootlie, Brougham, Lyndhurst, Palinor- aton, Moltke, Guizot, ‘Chiers mny be ciiod In refutntion of this thoory, which, wo prosumo, las nothing todo with thews, and sinows, or stature, Most of Clarendow's “great” men were littlo mon, But if we waniod snother ex- ample of facultios of no common ordar, ramain- Ing unimpaired by mind or body tifl long past the grand climacterio, wo might namo Hic Henry Holland, who died at lus house iu Brook stroct, on his 80th bivthday, Monday, tho 27th inst,, hnving attendod tho Bazaine trinl at Vereallics on Triday, tho 24th, and dined {hat samo duy af the British Bmbagsy in Parls, where o wau on- pecinlly romarked as *cheorful aud bappy, and {ull of conversation.” When tho Abbo Sieyen was askoed what ho had done duriug the relgn of terror, o mado au- mwer, “J’al vecu," and it was no idlo boant. Nor waa it o small thing for Sir Ienry Holland (o be ablo to say that, dating from tho commoncoment of tho contury, he had lived an intolligent nnd omnipresent upoctator through 72 of tho most oxeiting and oventful yonrs of tho world's history; that ho had ecen tho political and social aspoct of most civilizod ma- tions fn both homispheres transformed threo or four times over, Including the fall of two ompiros, iwo . monarchios aud thrae or four republles, to uny nothing of pro- visional goveruments in France. Mo hat crossod tho Atlanticxixteon or seventeon times; travoled ovor more {han 26,000 miles of (he Ameriean continent; made four expeditions to tho East, threo tours in Russia, two in Ieeland, soveral in Bwoden,. Norway, Spain, Vortugal, Ttaly, and Greoco; jnnumerable voyages to tho Canary Tules, the Wost- Indies, Maderis, otc.; and, to ugo his own words, “olher oxcure ug which it would Lo useless to enumer- ate.”” Ho had aesoclated in every oapilal in Enropo witt all that is, or was, most eminent for rank, bizth, gouius, wit, learning, snd accom- plishment. o could call ‘overy loading statou- wan of the United States, and overy Prosdent, for the lant hall contury his friend, * In his pro- fossional capacity, bosides a lowy list of royal aud priucely patients, ho had the 1:onor aund deop responeibulity of proseribing for six Prime Miu- ixters of Euglaud, bosides Chancellors of Lho Exchequer, Secrataries of State, Presidents of tho Council, Chiof Justices, und Lord Chan- collovs, ‘Veliement remonstrances wora addrossed to him on the first appesrance of Lis ** Rocollec- tions." o was rouminded thut ho could prola- bly account in tha rimplost manner for what han hitherto seomed unaccouniable,~—why oue of hin Promior-pationts wrote that impudent lottor Whieh foll among his party like & bomb-sholl ; why another made that angry speech which pro- cipitatod tho downtall of his Govornment, Was it, ho was askod, simply becauso thewr “waide, philosophior, aud dector™ was not catled in a lit- tle sooner—because the Llue pill or oolchichum wns administorod too lato ?° Dt Bir lenry dios and makes nosign. 'Thero aro oaly two or throo instances in which ho'lias in tho elightest dogreo denarted fiom his provoking, although, wo must admit, highly ereditable, roserve. 1o folls uy that whon Lo was in attendance on Canning, at Cheswick, in Auguat, 1827, the dying slatesman midtlohin: “I Lave struggled against this loug, but it lias couquorod mo at last” That Conning's death wes accolerated by po- litical “worry and} °oxcilability is" well known, - Y Haviug f occasion to call _on Lord Liverpool 1 tho preceding Feb- unry, ho (Lord Liverpool) beggod ma to fool his pulso, tho fizst tiie I"had over dane #o.” Iis Lordship's stata §as such a3 to iuduce an immodinte appes! toshis madical advisors, and tho very next mornifg Lis poiitical life was .cloxed by o paralytic dtroke, * s pulss alone hud given ma causo fgr alarm; but there woro oo OF two passazes galf an Lowr's convorsa- tion ro forcibly oxpresuing the Lurrassing anxio- tics of his position, that L could Lardly dissoci- ata them from tho evout which thus instantly followed.” ‘Thoroe iu a styiking remintsconco of Lord Palmerscon : I hava soen him undor a fit of pout, which would have sent othor men };raunlng 10 their couchs, contiuno i work of rosding or writ- ing on public buninoss almost without abatc- mout, amid the cunoa of papers which covered the floor as woll ns tho tables of bis room," Thero ia only ouo consultation, if it can bo called ope, which Sir Loury was tompted to bo- tray. It was lLis being usked by All Dasha whethier ho knew of any pofson, which, put_on the mauthpicca of a pips or given in coffes, might slowly and silently kill, leaving no note bebind, “%The inutant and stiort anawor I gavo, that, as & phyeician, I kad studied how to wave lite, ot to Gestroy if, was probubly, as T fudged from his face, falthiully translatod to him, ife quitted tho subject abruptly, never to return to i There {8 a story that when his engagomont to his second wifo, Syduoy Smit's daushter, was mado kuown fu 1834 Lady Ifolland nsked Sydney Smith whethor Saba’was not Eolu;; to marry an apothecary, or sometiug of that sort, and that tho answer was, *Yes, but ha hap- pens to bo a namosake of yours." This In hardly possible, for we learn Trom thoe Itecol- lectiony tiat bie becaino free of ilolland Iouso and_Landsdowns Iouso soon after bLis roturn to «England In 1811, Bat he was not mado a Laronet until 1353, and we havo grounds for believing her roported threat (though ho said he never beard of it), that he should never st foot in toliand Hoies again if he brought rival Lady Hollsud ioto tho field. Iu the suin- mor of 1814 ho acceptod the appointment of Domeutic Medical Attondant on_Caroline, Prin- cees of \Vales, (aftorwards Quean), ou an ougage- mout Lo accompany bor on her trayoels, and atay with bor duting the flrsb yoar of her intonded reaidouce on thie Continent, 1le saw a grost many curious things and camo into coutact with & groat many remarkable people while le vemained with bor, Lut Lo tells uu nest to nothing of tham which might not bo proclaimed ai Chnving-Croc, and, Indeod, he fairly warns us, to provent disappointmont: * I have nevor beon u praciicod ralutor of anocdotes, and do not pre- toud thus lato In lifo to 1ake up that character,” Ilor Toyal lighness must havo paid Lim the comnplimont of being singnlarly prudent and vo- served i bis compawy, for wlion ho was called 28 nwitness for the défoneo at hor trial, he poei- tivoly siated that ho lad ncon nothing improper or derogatory In Ler bahavior towards’ Borgam or any otuar person at auy timo: * An erronoons report whicli, bad it been true, might havo ombarrassed me, L wes onablod at ouce to put axide by s elmple and explicit do- nial." It was lbat ha bad spokon disad- vautageously of HorMajosty. * Including tho oxamination in chiuf by my friond (afiorwards Chiet Juatics) Windal,—~tlio eross-oxamination Ly the Solicitor-General, aftorwards Lord Lynd- hirst,—and that by sovoral Poors who quention- cdme in soquol (Lord Erskine was ono of thaur), I wasnot detaiued moro than cno Liour at the Bar of tho Ilouse, and encountored no difiiculty which I was not propared fairly o mest. "'wo or threo congratulatory notos from Pooru came to mo immediately uftor the examination bad closad.” "l'o give somo ides of tho personal anxietlos created by this trinl, hie mantions that during its progress lio waa callod upon to soo s patients three ladies summoned as witneanes, aud mado ill by their apprelicnsions: “ Ono of them only wag oxamined, but this in & way to justify her fears, I can affirm, notwithatanding ana scano in tho Iouso of Lords, that the Qacen Lorself was tho persou lonst excited or aftocted by tho pro- ceedings,” Ou the announcement of his failure to kill either of » raco of pheanants that bhad risen within easy rmfia at Combe TFlorey, Syduoy Smith ssked why lo did not prescrite for them., To rofuto this slory, tainly told by Sydnoy Smitly hiwmself, he, in bis “ Rouollectlous,” “eayss * T can syon af- firm, though without boauting of it, that I have nover flred agun or pistol in my lifo, either as sportsman or In any other capaci ty" Onco, on hie making tho samo siate- mont ab & dinner tablo, it was sugposted that ho would havo boen pluced at a aisndvantago it, liko tho doctor in ** Torogrine Pickls,” ha Lad boen olliged to fight w ducl, Ono of the party remarkeds ' Not at ail; it 8ir Honry had tho cholca of arms, o might chovte tho Bama 8 i two Frouch dootors, who ngroed to nave two pills silvered over w0 au to look exactly slike, one of bread and ono of doadly polsou, which, aftor tossing up for firad cholos, thoy which was cor- woro to swnllow ot a kignal, This modo of diol han also the marked recommendation that, what- ;wnr'tlm rosult, there is suve to o a docior tho o,” 2 116 wao ougnged in ot argument with Bohus Buwith, nn ex-Advocnto-Genoral, touching the merits of tholr rospective profosslons, You will ndmut,” paid Holland, ** thal your profonsion doew not mako angoly of mon.” > No,” roto: tod Dobus; *thero you huve the hest of it Yours certainly glvos then Lo bost chanes,” Banclio Punzw's whort, lonuro of his Governe meny was embittored by the uttendanco atwupy.or of his Bialo puyeicinn, who waved bis wand as o mignal o tho major-domo to remove untasted overy savory dieh in suceonsion, for foar hin Excollenoy's fnynluable health should wsuffar from exeows, Ui lww duty which Bir Honey Uolland would hnvo dlscharged reluctantly and inoMclently, Towads (he conelu- sl of an oxcollont dinuor, aftor, in fuct, onting and drluking more than' wus good for “him—Lord Nolbouno wa Lhe daily habit of, us ho oxprossod it, * topphig up" with tonsted choose aud oraugs braads, T'he year hafore o died, u friond who was &b Brocket when 8w ilenry Nolland camo down and seayed to dianer, called hin atzentlun to thiy Liabie i o T cuso for modical (nterforonca, ehall cortainly kaop it inanina,” was Ing roply ; “hut, it 1" mada any diveei referenco ty what T gaw st dinnor,none of my patients would over nsk me to dino with them agaw, and most of them would lewve oi consulting we,” Let It bo remomber- ed thet this was enid by nman of oxcollent vouse and kuown Liberality, who might huvo ma- lurlnllf' iueroasodd his professional iucome bad lio thought 1is, 5 Alittlo oxaggoratiug Sir Honry's ment as o tiavelor, that bo st light oquij Sydny Suith wod 1o sy 4 for Lis two mouthy' tours wih o box ot pills in ono pocket, and a cloan ubirt in tho other, oceasionnlly forgdt- ting tho shirt, Corluln 1t s, ad all Who have fallen in with him Ly 8.5 or land will attoat, that bo might ho soon in"all climates, in the Aretic vegous or the tropicy, -on the praivies or the pyramids, in precisely the sumne astive—tha black drosh coat in woich Bio hunied from house to Louso 1 Mayfair, Yot ho nover had a gorious Lilnoss 41l his lnst, "Thoro was not a day, proba- uly not an hour, when ho could not bosit of tho mens sans in eorporo wano ; and without head- ache or hoartacho, ho attainod the extraordinury 30 of 50, —— HERE LET RE REE Irers let mo reat, whoro tho bright sun {s shintng, Anud afl avath the branches tunt gently do wave, And 1ist to tlie divyge of tho pad sea replnlug ; AT hiera lot nw reat, darling, close vy thy grove, Thavo wandered afar, but the world lisa. soemed dreary, O'ar its mounising and valloya, and Arabls the Bleat Thave ealiod o'er wild maiug, and now, lono an weury, Ycome {0 iby grave, OB 1 hero let e rest. Waary, my datling, with long yeara of waitlng, or true to our vosws, our first love T keop § 1'vo beon dead to the world, to ita partings aud meot- Sugy, To fla Joy, {0 1s norrowa ; ali! hers lotjmo aleep. What was this that T hieard whils, enfolded in liimber, [ luy on the grave where my darling was laid 7 Thore wea guthered around me throug of vast number, And among tham my darling was you, still amatd, Thon you kuelt by my side, and called mo your darling, And'eail you hind como {0 drive orrow away Titen you bisda mo arise, aud 1o more, 3 8 utatling, epeat the saine talo again day atter day, You irado e go ol fu Life's lovo aud Lite's labor, (Lo couifort tho westy, fo hilp (ho cpasiod, Lo think lues of mywelf, to think moro of my neighbor, o live to do good, und in this to fud rest, ‘Yes, iere will I rest, And, when Life's Gtful faver I3 ovor, % joln thieo, to part nevern Pl ceasy from my wiud’ings; in my dream a boe ever, 'l seolk 0 mtrow Llessings through life evermore, No more will I turn from this lifo nnd its nbor, No more will I say that my Life {s unbleut ; The lovo I bear theo shall Neuceforth serve my nelgh- Lor; In loving and serviug henceforth will I rest, Cranz, =, A Reminicence of Gnvarni, The London Daily News thus gossipy abont ai celeinatod earivaturist : Shoutly aftor the revolution of February, '48, thera came to sojourn among us for o seson oo of tho most reuowned among YFrench artists —= graceful, facile draughtsman, the pungency of whoeo saliro was never marred by ill-nature, tho richuess of whoso Lumor never dogonarated wto grossnesn, This was tho famous Paul Chovalier, bottor lLuown both i this coun- try and 'abroad under his pscudonvm of Gavarni, o was, in privato, = quict, modost, philovophic kind of man, nomewhat 'shy, and altogotlier that which the world calls ¢ odd," 1o took kindly cuough to our ways, and made many fricuds among distinguished Englishmon 3 buc it was with difliealty that lie could be per~ suaded to acquire ovon tho rudimonts of our languago, and when lio roturved to Franco hie was uob probably mastor of balf a dozou phrages of Tuglish. Yot with _one of our institutions ho waa intimatoly Roquaint- od, sud for it Lo professed unbounded ad- wiratlon. le lind at oue timo todgings hard by tho Btrand, and it waa his custom in the aftor- noou to quit his woodblocks and lithographio stouos and repair to & quaine littlo old public bouse on the Thamos Lank, much frequented by coallienvera, A friend found him onco in the taproow of this sequestered hostelry, tranquilly vulling at his cigarette and driul king bottled stout, surrounded by the gigantio men with {he fantail heta, tao aukiojack booty, and the highly carbonized ‘countennnces. o this vory same rivorside ‘*public " Goorge Cruikshank, oddly enough, used to go many yeara beforo, to study the costumes aud pliysivguomios of tho ‘*coalies;" but Gavarni hnd no such artintic in- tont, 1o hud stumbled on tho place by sac- cident, and hio used to say that his trionds of the taproom wots the only porsons ho had wot by whom ho wns not ennuye. He did not undsi- stond o word they said; still ho was on tho most amicable térms with tho giants in the knoc-thorts, who treated Lim with o grave aund dignitied courtosy, calling him *“tho MMogsoo,"” aud allowing bim to participate in all the rites and mystorios of coalheaving masoury. Nor did ho disdain, upon occasion, to driuk from tho miglity pot of boor as it was presed round, stipu- Iating that from timo to time Lo should bo al- lowed to **stand " ufm to tho gentlemen of the faatails and anklofack s but, au's rule, Gavarni stucl to his stout. o granted all the good qualities of “lo portor-bicre™ and *V'affanafr,” Lut hio awarded tho palm of supromacy to * fa stoot,” whiok Lo declared to bo ** une nourriture #aino ot fortifianto,"—thus uncounciously en- dorsing the opinion of English onthusiasts of malt and hops, who assort that stout {s **moat and drink in one," A —_—— Adventure with Canada Wolves, From the Doston Transzrint, Aleng the liuo of the Grand Lrunk Railroad, betweon tho Tsland Poud atation and the Fronch YVillago of Contlcook, in Canada, a distance of 18 miles, the country is an almost unbroken forear, ond wild avimals are troquoutly seen beaide the rond staring in wonder at tho passing trains, while deor, foxes, lynxes, and wolvos often bound across tho rails in front of the loco- motive, Bome years sinco the latior snimale wore ramarkably plouty, somotimes appewring in droves of x dozen or twenty, Ouo ovening, lato in the autumn, a young man had cceasion to pass aloug this loncsame way on foot, and had not accomplished moio than half the distanco when Lo heard o crackling in- tho bushes at tho sido of tho tracl, denoting tho presonce of somo wild animal. Thinkiug to frighton tho croaturo Lo throw n stono towards tho placo whoro it uppeared to bo. This wansane swored by s howl from tho wolf, Zor such it wan, and what added to tho discomfoxt of tho situstion various otlior owls wore ochoed and re-echoed by wolves from sl sides, and thoy soon bogan to close in around the now thoroughly frightenod mmam, who started on arun, but was soon obliged to slackon his paca from shoer exhaustion, Although the P“!‘ af wolves now numbered about twenty, hoy atill for somo reasou failed to atteck him, but swrounded bim at s distanco of & fow Yncnn. aach momout growlng bolder and Loldor. n_ bis desporation b picked up stones and threw townrd thom, at which thoy would scatter for u briof period, and be would “make snothor effort to cscapo thom, which, however, would prove ueoless, for as #oon au bo turned to run they would sgain surround kim, and tho only method by which ko could kesp them at bay wan to keep uip tho shower of missiles, shouting at th top of hir voico. But evou thiu_resource was fast failing him, as he was well nigh exhaustedand ready to drop with fatigue and_fright, whon suddenly unexpected assiatance arrived. 1Is lLeard afar off & low rumble, and kuow that a trajn was ap- proaching, Could Le only hold his fierco enomies’ ut bay until its arrival he felt that he would ba eafe, Ho rodoublod his efforty, and soon tho rumblo of the train grow louder, and the lieadlight of tho locowotiva mppearod around a curvo, The hunted man now gavo up tho unoqual contest with the savage brutew, luJ, faciug tho mpproschiug truin, throw up Lis arma aud concentrated all bl cuergion in u loud call for help, which wau heard above tha rattle of the cars, The ongineer whistiod “Down braaks," the train camy to u atandstill, sud the poor fal- low, more duad than alive, climbed fnto tha eab of tho engino and faeted, and it wae only ufter the arrival at the next station that ko was sble to relate his toreiblo oxporicuce, y THE FARM AND GARDEN. The Effect of IWoentheresfilne Pavtandly scttlement on the Lawnue aud tlillesldenmnillue Giriew nd=Pasture Somues thune Now in the Scienco of Calture ==Nitrous Actd vie AmnonitesVelie LoringuseWitnted, Some (o to ore Foarmetwolls-=The Outlool,. Erom OQur Agricitural Correapondent, Cuaxratay, I, Doc, 4, 1673, ‘Tho enrly elosing of the New York canals is a aurprisn to moat peoplo at thly thmo, but there i3 nothing very remmlablo in it. 1fad thore baen weannl in this pareof tho State last yeur, it would hava been frozen up on the 16th of No- vember, and I preawno hat the 1linots & Michi- gan Cannl way then in that condition, Lour years ugo, in tho middle of Octobor, we had Lho pround frazon soveral iuches deop,—fuit as deop us it hus been ot any time during somo of our wintors, Battlomont has 1zado o MATERIAL OUANGE IN OUR REAHONS, Juno wos o wob month fu the early days of got- ttoment, und wo lind heavy rain-fuils in October and November, with n closing-up of wintor nbout the middle of Decombor, and sometimon not until Jauuary, In 1837, thers was no cold wenther until tho Gth of Janunry, aftor which wo had throo mouths of intonse cold. For sov- otal yoars wo have lad #evero cold motting in ‘wbout tho middls of Docember. With heavy sutumn rain-fallg the freozing ix delayed, and in diy scnsouy we may expect an eutly closing, After tho middlo of Novembor last year, tho ground was not open again until sato in March, Wo bave takon up and sbipped fruft-troes from this point on Lwo or thireo oceasions by tho sth of March, but not for tho lust dozen years Whion thastronms and slougha wora full of wator, the autmmns wero lale, the winters open, and Lho springs carly ; Lut, siuca tho land has boon cultivated, the slonghs dricd up, and the streams becomo low, the wintors huve been much coldar nnd longor continued ; and now I keo 1o roason to expect 2oy particulur change, only ay orchards aud forests shull ncrease, and by their shado returd evaporation, Bucl Lt beon TUE METEOROLOGICAT, LISTORY of the country from Maine to ths Missourl River, and aven tho cotlon Btates have, by the cuttiag down of foreats, invited tho frosts to vinit tizem later in the sg)l'lug aud more onrly in autumy, thus moving the timo of cotton-grow- ing at least u degree facther south. GRAYS ON A BLUFF-SIDE, Rocxronp, 1ll,, Nov. 25, 1879, DEAR RusAL 2 T wish, if you Liava lelaure, that you would bo o kind as to t6lf uie, tirough Tirs Tutuyxe, witat kind of grass-sced to kow on tho wids of n biuy 10 obluln » binding wod. Tuo LUl faces tho cast, and 18 nbout half an acre fu extent. It standsat un augle of nbout 45 dagrees, and s montly siiaded by forest trees, 'Tho aoll fs biack, friablo mold, The bluf is limiestouo, and overlovks Ituck River. T um told that quack or wilch grass would do, How would it answer 7 ‘Taere uro ons or two patclies of June he sun gots a chance through tho trees, It you will pleans answer the above, and also tell when and how to sow, you will very much oblige s conatant resdor of your interosting lotters to Tug Tmisuxe, W, AR, In tho first place, you must thin out the trees and let in tho sunlight, and then you will find Juno grawa to spread over tho surface. This June grass is, in renlity, Kontucky blue grass, and the very best grnss for your purpose. You can get plenty of thoscod at tho sced-storcs, and sow 1t during tho winter, aud you will have a guod turf in two or throo years. Tuin grass is slow in starting, but it wiil woon make a firm wward, grass whiro ¥OR BIIADY PAITURES thera it no grass oqual to this, aud all it needs in nir and a little sunlight through tho tops of tho troes, and it will take posscasion when tho soil is reasonably good and moist. Aud then tho roots ‘will staud nimost any amount of drought, and, a4 soon as thoy are wot with a shorwer, thoy show & green surface. Then, if you want a winter woodland pasture, this grass may ba loft to make a full growth and lic_on the ground, and yot tho colts, =and calves, and other stack will ent it during tho winter. My lawrn is sown to blue giaes, and in May and Juno i i cut for soiling, aftor which it is pormitted to grow through tho sutumn, whon it will have mada n soft carpet of aftormath, ‘Che frost Las bleacked it out, but upring colt is making & good liviug on it and very much prefors it to liny, as ho lias tha privilege of tho stablo and he lawn, but, oven in storny woathor, he profers tho lattor, though he is protty careful to kesp on the loc-sido of some large overgroon that sheltors him from tho wind, IN KENTUCKY thoso lawn-like pasturen of blue grassare highly vaiuod, and for a long time it was supposod that tl:is biuo graas was & new spozies poculiar to that Biato; but it was found that this was duo to the phosphatos that are miscd with the lime in tho soil, tho partial sbado of {ho pasturcs, & mila climate, and tho absence of heayy autumn-rains to wash tho nucrimont from tho blades of grass, leaving them liko cured hay, or similar to the grass on tho plaius of the traus-Missouri couu- try. Last winter I wintercda pouy and an old family horso on thia biue grass, letting thom run on the lawn and in the orchard during the outire wintor, and they came out in fins order in the unring. o grein had been fed them, and they had not beon in the atable moro thau o week in all, during the worst storms, 1n the fall there was a heavy growth of the grass lying on the ground, through which firo woud "have mado ropid progrees ; but, whon spring came, all of tins had been pastured down closo, and tho firat spring shower sent forth & new growth, . WE IAVE NO® FULLY APPRECIATED this grass tor summer-pasturs, especiaily for the summer-drought. If the spring growth s loft to Le fod off at such time, it will sorve to tide over tho drought, For this purpose it Las an eapecial value for Liorses, L'hs woodland-pastures of Kentucky ars diszp- poariog, 26 no young trees are pormitted, by tho browsiug of cattle, to grow, and as tho old trees aro put to use for Loth farm and com- meorcial On purpases, tho prairies wo might mzke thin plantations of trocs, such as the maplo, nsh, ash-leaf maple, eln, and basswood, soed the land to blue grana aftertho troos wore 8 or 4 years old, and pasturo iu the winter with horsos and colts, until tho trees were too large to bo injured b cattlo, The nut troos, such aa hickory, blac) walnut, and buttornut, will not do for thiis pur- Poso, as tho dripping from thoir leaves checks tho growth of thograss, aud is not relishod by tho atock, 1t you go into & storo that keops s luple of wagon aud carringe timbar you will find muoh of it marked ERENTUCKY BECOND-GROWTIL, This is the oak and the hickory of thess wood- land blue-grasy pastures, that tho Kentuckians #ind 8o valuable for wiuter pasturage, and of which tlioy nre 80 justly proud. Two weaks ngo, ** 'I'hs Farm and Garden " had somathing to say in rogard to TIIE HCIENCE OF PARMING § 20d now it is most happy to state that, underthe now managoment of the Iudustrial Univorsity wo have tho promiso of something usefu to the cultivalor, The Legislaturo did & 1r0od thing whon it provided that the studenta should purdue at least twostndies relating to the induntrics, and President Cobb aud the Board of ‘rustoos are to be thauked that thoso ars to be onforcad, notwithstanding the protost of tho head of the Fleulllv; Al the last monthly mesting of tho Champaign County Horticultural Soclety, I'rof, Btowat, Chemist of the College, read a paper in yo- gard to . THE PRODUCTION OF NITROUS ACIGD, Tle Profossor has givon this new subjoct, mug- (ioma by n Treuoh cheust, much attsution during tho past six months ; but as tho investi- gatious are uot yot complete, it in too early ‘o predict the results, It wonld appoar that nitrous acid, the equlyulent of ammomain the growih of plants, is praducod in the woit undor ceitain con- ditions, and that nitric acid, or saltpotro, i formed from this Ly the addition of anothor atow of oxygen, heso conditions are the alternato welting and drying of the soil. Livory time tho koil is ade wet by a nhower, and drying [ollows, o supply of this ucid is formod. Tho ficst question in regard to this supply of acid is it source ; and this waa detor- mined by wotting different soils, dyying, and then wushing thom ta dotermiue tho yield of the ucld, Baudy woils, or rather puro sand, do not yield tho acid ; but owr pralrie-soils, and pure sand and ground marble orany of the limestones ground, produce it ; o also of gypsum; and tho ’rofessor suggests if thia, o not one of tho funotions of “this substance, and that wo may have given an undue value to its power of Axing tho smmonia or holding it for the plants, A f'nrgu number of torte wore made on plauts, to ascortain if this nitrous acld formed a part of tho atructure of the plants; but only in s fow could It bo dotoctad, and then only in the leaves sud the gorms of the planta, The akin and eyes of the potato contalnad It, while (liora waa none in tho starohy portion of ' the potato, $'he pre- suwption Is, that this substauce undergoes further change in the growth of the plant, Without coming to un{ deflnito couclusion, thore i o strung suspiclon that wo havo beon giving & crodit to ammonia that may bo due to &xla acid, Fov tho past dozen yoars **The Farm and Gay- den " ban beon Losting (hio value of ry;oum, aud Linwn o i wiinbla b wac nny valuo 1’ ft, in this woil, un vogardy (1 gewih of plauts, This iray bo due to the fiee toak one sofl wantaing an b dunt wupply of tho matorisl for {lia miply uf uiteons aell, without the @ypoum ; wnd howso 1t i mmply wieplusagze, and haano value, Blany planto contati 1itro, of which ihe ugar. beol v a notabln oxamplo; yeb nob n trace ol nilrons neid ie to be townd in the hoct-root, n I pegsiblo. hut (i noid hes taron up nnother atom of oxygon, and thus rormed nites ju the beot-rot, With tpss ehemical facts wo nro ANLE TO BEMLAIY Aoma of the mynturics of plant-growth, and wiy Lo onavled to sae how tha woil s to ho put i the propor condition to produes tho dn. sitod result, “Tho Turn and Gorden hug for many years contendel that more dapanded ou tha condition of tho uoil than on tho matoyinl of s formafion s und theso oxperimonts of Prof, Htowart contirm this position. Lakting eithee tho theory of smmonia nnd other piunt-fond of the atmosphore, or that of tho forumution of uttrous acid, wa have nearly o «quita tho same conditions tayuired, We kuow that, In spring, whon showers, nnd “deyingg winds, aod sunshive are mapidly sitape nated, tho most vigorous growth i presonted ; and that sodden woils are piacs ¥ dend suil, simply for waut of dvying, by which the nitvons neid ig formed. 'Yho rama iy dus Lo the pura sands 1 for, thongh thay become dry, yot the elomenty of this aeid oro nod wrenenc; snd thin 4 proof Lthat it is nou supplied from the atmos- phiere, though tho latior is o factor in its pro- ductlon, Lo Professor is to prorarc a paper on thin aubject, Lo ho road ni the aunual mocting of the Siato Hortlenlture] Socioty, und Lo be puolisbod ia iis t.anecations, W Liopo thit ciils will prova ONLY TUT DEGINNING of o mystom of fuvestigation in the dopartmant of agrieuitaral chemistry in our Indubtiial Unie versly, that shall ba of 'valua in the maongoe- mant of our dvift auily, Incroasing thuic yioliat o leus outlny of muunve and lshor,” Mo reuch (his rosult wo can uffurd to leave to oihor colleyes tho task of tenching literaturs and tho classies. Let us encourago the naw management in their offorts at woli-dofug, THL WELL-TORING AT PAXTON hoa roncher 490 feot, and is in a sott bluo clay, tho walls of which hava to bo tubod 1o keep tham in place. Doring for conl 16 aluo to bo institutad at this pointin a short timo, Tho indiewtions are, that the conl-fields of Central Illinols are much moro extonded than the mont ERDZQING could hinye hoped for, ‘o water-quostion har not beon furthor developod. Vith ono or two nxcelemm, the aarface-borings of 100 fool ormaro havo proved failures, iforo isa ficld for gonius, {:nmuvarlng Industry, and intogrity Wo must bnve water for farm-stock, choeso. Inctoriss, and other purpones, Wo don't wank to purchaso patent 0 augoers, or auything of the kind; wo vimply want & supply of pura wator, and for this we oro willing to pay. Wo do. nos care how many patonts a man may aso, provided that ho docs his wurk proporly, and don't impos» upon us any wood-tublug. Somo farmers ltave buen trying windmills; but theso cannot pumy wator from a dry well, Twenty yeats ago thoro wau no lack of water in our wells, but now wo aro a sulfering peopla in this rogard, and the solution of tho question ia earnestly looked for, ‘Who will be the lucky man that will invent an auger to penetrato tho hard pan, and Lo siuk holo & foot in diamoter, and to tube it with clay pipe, say to the depth of 100 or200 feot? They must not atop ot a boulder, but drill through i, and pasa on, Who is to be tho comiug man for this work of the farm ? CORN, The weatlior continuos favorable for corn busking, snd some farmora are through wit: this work, Wo have welghod our crop of corn a8 it camo from the field, and havo mepsurcd the land with a surveyor's chain, and tind the yiold from 30 to 84 bushols to the dero, avora; ing 3214 bushels, ‘This was all Ligh, dry land, a8 wo did not plant thut which was too wet, sud which last year produced tho largest yioll. About two-thirds of this corn is merciantabla, and, to fuspect No, 2, will Liavo to bo sortcd ovor. It wasall planted bofore tho 20th of May. Hoventy-fivo pounds of the corn as it camo froxw the fleld was called a bushel, L'wo acros of t.¢ Deut, that was estimated at not loes than 40, and by some at 60 bushels, turncd 84. Ido not think that we havo thio bottom of the yiold yat ; but, a4 most of tho presont crop will be fod on tho farm, we noed not worry about the quality of that on tho market, for all of the old corn it good, unlesa unduly exposed to tho weather, THE WINTER WHEAT on the ground never looked Lotter at this sca- son, and a larger bresdth than usual has bean aown, Thore is no roason for the discouragegront of tho farmor, asall crops now command u faii price, and all Lis supplicx ara groatly lossened iz valuo ; and all those who farm on thair own cap. ital are cortainly in a botter condition than any other class of tho industries. = THINGS ARE RAPIDLY MENDING, and, ovon iu tho way of taxes, the cutlook weart o more cheorful aspect. 'I'tio housiug of implo- ments, tho wearing of old overccats, and the fioneu\ cutting down of oxpenses, ars all pro- ncing good eifects, and the cry of hard timaes will grow fainter as the days wear away towarde the opening of spring, whon they will doubtlesr coase, and the farmor begin his work on o mor¢ prudont basis, Romt, —_— CONTRAST. "Twas hers I atood this morning, when the sun Dacbed up high tides of light o'er darksome sky ; Tore, with my life so dosolate and undone, ‘We wero tho ssddcat pair in life,—my hoart snd I, *Twan here I stood to-night, when Henven came dowa, And I was ushered through the s of bliss; 1'd scorn to-lay a very angel's crown, If barterod for such bicascduesa as this, This morning, wrung with wecping In the light, My heart turned whito with leprosy of pain H And, cre the shadows lengthenad into night, T wondered whiat could make mo woep agaln, riso ; Oh, sweetcst lifo1 Ob, happlost world | I say, T love you, lova, my josfal soul replies ; or lfl ‘Gou's happy Liearis, mine ia most blest to-day, Bcorr CAMPDELL, 010460, November, 1873, e Tyrolese Xlousc=Nottoen, And thore on the house-front, whother it be in village, town, or mountain valloy, you may read somo ploud prayer, or pithy soutence, or worldl: wiso saw carved in quawt German for tho odif cation of those who pago by, Tho same thing is common in Switzerland aind in mauy parts of Germany. But our business now iswith tho Tyroleso inscriptions. Moro than one colleotion of thaso has beon made and publishied by native Tyroleso. But I havo mot with no volume in which the iosctiptions are classifiod or com- mentod on, They are simply jotted down liter- ally, a8 ono might writo them in one's note-book. But oven thus baroly and simply prosented, thoy are full of interost for tho observer of uationnl wmanners aud charactoristica, They aro grai~ ually and not very slowly diszpposiing. If Ly timo or sceident & motto becomes effaced, it is scarcoly ovor roplaced by tho owner of the house.” Such things are old-fashioned—zopf a8 tho Germana lLave it (that is to sn literally, piglailish, an oxpression to which our ‘‘square-toad” may nnswsr‘? and fow por- sous cliooko to brave tho ridloule of thoir modern-minded nelghbors by carving sgaln tho old inscription, with its rude spelling and an- tiquo phrase. ~ The insoriptions dodicating the houso to God, to the Virgin, or to some favorite saint, are nu‘uully the most numerous, They fraquently consiat of but two liues roughly thymed. ° Somotimes they extend to four or oven six linos, In tho following translations cave hag been takon to give the measure of tha linos, which, as will bo scon, ia fraquontly balt- iug und uneymmetrical, and to prosorve, as far as possiblo, tho rude, nnsophisticated simplicity of tho original, - Talio this one from Joohborg: The Lord thia dwalling bo about, And bless all who go fu and out. Another : Mother of God, with graclous arm Prolect our beuats and un from barm. Hora tho supplication for tho cattlo—who are, it will b obsorvad, put boforo the inlinbitants of the houso—spoaks va oloquontly ag n long do~ Heription could do of the pastoral cliaracier of tho countyy ; of greon Alp pastures, and tho importanco to the pesnant of hiy milky herd. All travolers in tho Tyrol will remember to hiavo neon imagen of 8t. Floriun on many o vile lago house and above many n villago well, The Iatter, indeod, ib o favorito position for tho fig- uro of tho saiut, Iis capscial vocation is to ward off firo from dwolliug-hounos, or to extin- guish it should It break out, In a country Whero 8o large u proportion of the dwolliugs is built of wood, fire is a frequent and torribla scourco, And conssquontly tho good ofticos of * 1 love you," eaught me in its biest su 8t, Florian are iu vory genaral roquest, There utanda the hittlo wooden image, painted in flar- ing colors, aud, it possible, pilded into_the bargain, wbovo the cool woll, and looks down majastionlly ulpon gousration attor generation of villago damuels washing or drawiug water, Bt Tlorian is vopresonted na & warrior, with sword and holmet, ‘and wcarlet drapery, and ohooks almost as wearlot, and u blaok . truoulont-looking vd, Ofton bLo {8 painted in fresco,on & sout, in the not of pouring & bucket of ovor a burnlng bouso—which houso {s usually represented as. reachiug ur to the oalf of bislew, ur thosesboute,~Cornhill Maaasindi