Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 30, 1873, Page 8

8 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, NOVE BER430,' 1873. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE SERMS OF AUBCHIVTION (PAYADLE I ADVANGE), Ralpeater:S G081 Wadxy ] Parts ot ayoarat the ramo rate. To provant dolay and miatakos, b sure and givo Posh ©ODicondtdsess In full, tucluding Btato and Connty, Remittances may bo mado eithor by denft, oxpross, Pos: Olics oxdor, ur in repisterod lottore, pt ourrisks S TINNE TO CITY AUDACRINERE, Dalls, doliverod, Bunday oxcopted, 35 conte per wook. Dally, dolivored, Bundny Includod, &0 gonts por wook, Addross TIHE TRIBUNE OOMPANY, + Cornor Madison nud Doarborn-ata., Uhlosgo, Til TD-MQRQOW‘S AMUSEMENTS, MVTOKER'S THEATRE-Madleon streot, botwoen Donrboru and State, - Fugagomont of Lotta,” **Little oll and the Marobioness,! HOOLEY'S THREATRE—Randolnh _streat, betwoen Qlack ilo, b 3 Qlark ad Lngillo, kool Kngilh Opora-Froug ACADRMY OF MUSIC~Halstod atraot, botosn Mad- son and Monroo. Enga t of ¢ dis mpson - BRI Ha St v e Thomp betwoon Mad. mm}?lnd‘n. GLOBR TIURATRE-Dosplalues stroot fon and Washington, * Engagmont o *“Waiting for tho Vordlot. MYERS' opnm.‘nuusn-mnm-o earboru ; sud o0 Parionniio Bidar abiitoley'siia cbmicatbion. BUSINESS NOTICES. EADQUARTERS FOT LOYS' OLOTHING. C. O 00| :ELAIRS.qM and 18g Olark-nt. @J}f @bifi&g‘fi @fi_bmm Sunday Morning, Novembor 30, 1878, THE NEW OITY-GOVERNIMENT. During the campaign procoding the late oloc- tion of municipal officors, tho orators of the # Poayle’s Party " ‘iadulgod in vohoment docla~ mations against tho‘extravaganco of the Admin- fstrations of Alnyors Mason and Medill, and promised the votons that, if thoy triumphod, ro- tronchmont, economy, and reform would bo the rule of action fu the now administration. If the now administration oxccutos tho pledges that wore given, whilo it may surpriso many of the persons who opposed its election, it will, nover- tholoas, rocelvo the cordlal support of all tax- poyors and right-thinking citizons of Chicago. At tho vory throshiold ‘of 'ite career, it hos & grand opportunity 'to redecm ‘its pledges of economy and low taxation, and at onco win tho confldenco of the ontiro community.” A precg- ‘dent for tho action which we urgo waa 8ot by the Aduministration of Mayor Mason. In June, 1871, the Common Council passed an appropriation bill, mppropriating for tho oxpenses of the current fiscalyear (1t of April, 1871, to st of April, 1872) ovor £1,000,000, Tie great fire of October, 1871; occiirred boforé the ordivauce lovying taxes to moot that approprintion had been padsed. Tho Financo Committoo of tho Council xoportod that, #in viow of {ho. groat calamity which has be< fallen our city, we havo deemed it advisablo that ovory oxpenditure of money which could bo de- forred sliould not now bo mede, and wo have deomed it proper to cub tho tax levies down to tho loweut possible rate, consistent with the duty of paying expenditures for the flacl year al- roady mude, - and of” carryiug on the City Gov- ernment for tho balance of the present fsoal year.” Also, that 10 mills, with tho reduc- tion which should bo mado for property de- stroyed by fire, will, with groat economy we bo- liovo, bo suflicient, &nd not o dollar beyond what Is necossary showld bo raised at the prencnt timo." ‘ ‘Tho appropristions made that year would havo required a tax levyof over 15 millson tho valuation or assessment of proporty, with- out sny doduction boing made for proporty de- stroyed by the firo. This action was taken un- deor the advico of the Corporation Counsel, who hold that thero was no nceossary counection bo- tween tho tax lovy and the appropristions. An appropriation not being a contract, it is optional with tho City Government at any time bofore "tho tax lovy is made, to cut down tho expendi- tures. 'This appears to bothe common-sense view, a8 tax-fighters could have o standing in court upon an objection that tho taxes wero not large onough ; no reason 18 perceived why tho ordinance levying tho'taxes conld not bo framed 80 as to show on ity face just what appropria- tions the tux was lovied to Taise, = 1t is kuown that in June, 1671, when evory- thing was prospeiou, and people woro all mak- {uis mouoy, tho appropriation of §4,000,000 wss not regarded a3 excessivo; in fact it wes about tho game as that of the provious year; ‘but'tho great firo chauged tho aspect of affalrs, and : the people had no longor the ability to pay for or in- ulgo in such expenditurcs s tho appropriations of thut yoar callod for. Every useloss appro- priation, and overy one for which thore was no absolute nocessity, was disrogarded, and no tax Levied to raiuo tho monoy therefor. - For thelr sction in refusing to levy a tax of 15 mills, and iu-outting down tho Jovy, in fact; below 10 mills;' for th:is wise and cconomical action, the Qouucil and othier city ofticers’ yédeivod tho praise and thauks of all tax-ppyers,; Cun our now Aduiinigtration do a like com- mendable net and receivo the thanks, the -grati- tudo-of sll our- citizens, both of those who elocted it aud of those who oppused its election ? We auswer, it cau if it will, and. we procead to ahow bow it cun be done, Tu June laut tke Cuuicil appropriated over six millions’ of dollmy for tho expousow of tho Gecnl yoar, endipg 1st of | April noxt. Tuis sppropriotion mey hove been ox- travagast when mudo, bub timea wora goud, and the poopl, thinking thoy wore abls to pay taxes evon to that awount, complalged bub fitde at the opormous emount sppropriated. Times have chavged, the pauio hes been upon au, money I closo, and people have not the ahiu!y to pay which thoy supposed they would have when tho texes for this yeur's appropria~ tious would havo to be paid. ‘Lho faob that nearly one mullion of dellgrs of proporty was allowed to go Lo sotual snlo, last mouth, for city fnxeaof 1872, shows conolusively the condition of tho people generally s to their ability to psy daxes. 3 . I'ia ordinence for the lovy of taxes for 1873, f. 6., forthalovy of toxes to pay thess appro- priatious of over alx mlllions of dollars, Las not got beon passed § i other words, the tax-lovy has not beon mudo, Mlany items of expendilure provided for in thiu large appropriation can, and ought to be, diopeneed with, There sro soveral engines houses and somo scliool-houses thabneod nob now be built, Thero is tho appropriation for olonnsing tho North Branch, 200,000, whioki miglt go over another yoar. Thero are vum‘m ftoms, votocd by Mayor Medili, but passod over iy yoto by tho Councll, which might be ig- nored by rofusing to levy tax ta valie tho- monoy Lherefor, Of thiy six millions of dollars, less than one and & half millions have boon spout, and thoe othior four millions and 0dd hundreds of thou- four months of the flacal yoar, if the eame s rafned by taxation, . As in 1871, aflor the firo, the Council ratnaod U0 | to lovy taxos o ralso npproprintions which could bo dlsponsed with, why will not the now Conntll—bucnueo of the panie, because of tho Inability of tho people to pay, and tn order to ro-'| . duom tholr pledgoea of economy aud low tnxos— rouumo o lovy taxes to raiso monoy for nppro- printions whiok can aud ought, st thia timo, to Lo disponscd with ? 1t the levy ls made to ralse the amounts ap- proprinted, » rate of 20 mills, or 2 conts on the dollar will be necossary ; the valustiou-of prop- erty, roal and personnl as rotarned by tho Assog- sor lost wook boing a little ovor $311,000,000. In thoso hard times the poople cannot pny 20 mills of city taxon in addition to tho outrngoous tax which the Stato Board of Equaiization taa tried to snddlo upon us, 3 Gontlomon of the naw Councll, we oall unon you to give ua low taxos, rofuas ta lovy these six milllona appropristed. We bolievo you can striko out or disrogard over two miltions of the six millions ®mo approprinted, Rodeom your pledgos to the people, gontlemon, and rocoive thelr thanks. Givo us a 10-mill tax lovy Inatend of a 20-mil}, as Mayor Moson's Adminlstration did in 1871, and tho poople will rise with ono ac- cord and exclaim, ** Wall, douo good and faith- fol gervante.” ' THE SETTLEMENT WITH SPAIN, It sooms to ho- authoritativoly announced that an agreement-has b oen.réachod between'our Government and that of Spain rogarding tho, Virginius affair, by which war will certainly bo avolded.” It is to bo hopod that the terms of settlomont aro such as wo can liva up-toin our doslings with foreign nations hereafter, so that, i wo should bo in tho samo plight thet Spain I now, our hauds would not bo unnocessarily tied, Wo will assumo that.guch a settlomont has been wmado. ' . G ‘When wo look back at the events of-the past throo weels, howover, and sco how natrowly we havo esonpod that maximum of humen ills, a war, Wo aro mora than over improssed with tho nocosslty of a codo ‘of intornational Inw, to bo drawn @p ond ratifled by trenty, doflning tho "more commion rights of bolligorent ‘and noutral Powors. A stop in this diroction was recontly takon by tho holding of & convention st Brus- sels to promoto tho sottloment -of intornational disputes by arbitration,” when thoy cau- not bo sottled “by nogotiation, A Tho sot- tlomentot tho differencos botweon Groat Britain ond tho Unitod States, which.grow .out of our lato Civil War, Las furnished a practical prece- dent for this form"'of - procoddre.- Thore were olaims fot damages on both aldes,—on tho part of tho Americans for damages done by -slnps-of- war fitted out in British ports, and on tho part. of tho English for damogés arising out of " acts committod against tho propérty or porsons of British subjocts resident or doing businces in this country. . “In the onoeaso, thio Unitod Blatos recovered §15,000,000, and, in the other, Great Britain recovered nestly .92,000,000.‘ Though thero is some.disposition in England'to complain of tho difference as oxcossive, tho result lins becn an avoidanco of war, which could not have beon averted fifty yonrs ago wundor eimi- lar circumstancos, and probably . s bot- ter fecling botween tho paople of, the two Governments., -The purpose of the Drusscls Conferonce waa to induce a recogaition of arbi- tration a8 smode of settlomont among all tho civilized nations of tho world ; and, considering the progress that has boen wado toward thisond in tho lnat twonty-five years, which comprebends pretty much all the timo the question has beon ' agitated, it s not extravagnntco hopo that this system will eo far prevail in the futuro asto avert unnecosadry warfaro, though it can proba- bly uover supplant altogether a rosort to arns, 3 Bat, whother arbitration roceives fall recogni- tion in the lawa of nations or not, & codifleation of the admitted principles of intornational Iaw, undertaken by some of tbe lesding minds of civilizod nations, and formally adopted in tho sliape of o genoral treaty, would spare ‘many of “the complications which now harass diplomacy, and froquently botray nations into wurs- that might havo been avoidad, if the techniesl points of tho disputo had beon thoroughly undorstood “beforo thero was timo to work up a hoatile fecl- ing. How vaguo and liablo “to ' misappre- honsion the principlos of iIntornational law sro. ot prosont was woll ahiown in tho Tront affair, in. whioh not only a navy officor committed & sorious misiake, which Lo would have svoided if there had been a Code, but in which the American -Governmont was botrayed into =n untenable position that it way forced to ‘abandon with a good deal of humiliation, Tle Virginjus’ affair i a later illuatration of the vagueness of International law as it now atands. Whatover tho final decision in the' affair may be, thodoctors have disagrood, and; oven if Spain has modo cortaln conoossions to us, it will never “bo kuown', whotlor eho did #o becanso woe wore in the right or bdcause wo woro tho stronger At sllevents, wo wight have boon led into awar with Spain for no othor ‘reasou” than becauso théro were sorious doubrs a8 to'the techuical right of tho Spanlsh suthoritios to ‘act id the mannor in wisloh thoy did act. .Thero ls 10 doubt {n the mind of any ono who has famil- inrized bimsolf with tho cas that tho Virginius waa a filibustoring ship on s hostile expedition agalnst Bpanish suthority, snd efflior tho prop- " erty or'in tho ciploy of the Quban insurgonta, Under-tha presont status ol International law, Bpain ‘may olaim -to desl with tho' oaptitred ‘sc- cording’ to hior:owa’ laws, which appear to us to ber bastiarous N Hil * If tho lnws-of notions relating to the rights of bolligerants, tha diity of noutrals, the condition of bolligorency, the status of a blookado, the molsure of. veasols; tho trontment of prisonors thitd captisrcd; oto,, could bo roducod and fye tomatizod into o simplo, plsin, aud unambiguous cods, 'thio résilt would bo moro bono- fdial to tho world at largo than-the codification of Iawa Lag beon for those Btatoa whioh lave ‘beep wise cnough to adopt this syatem, It would nok bo necessary that all tho remotoand contingont difforencas that may ariso botwoen natlonashould become part of such n codo, Itls not differences of thia kind that usually load to war, or, if thoy'do; they are of & selflsh and wiokod” naturs, which no codo could regalato. But if the plain princlples involved in intor- natlonal comity, and llkely to be balled jnto ex- orolse whonevor tlore la n'war In' any part of the 'globo, should be codiflod ‘and sgreed fo ainong tho elvilizod Powers, such o codo nood 1ot oxcood tho elze of s ordinary nchool toxte book, International law would, thon:be. fn & +form to - be mastered~at ko Army and Novy schools; and-by everyone who entors the diplo-- matio service, It is obvious that sucha coda would do much to diminish the ignorant infrac- tlons and no loss ignorant construotions of ine tornational 1aw ; and the suggestion ia tho most sandg aro to be expeuded during the remaining | practical thing to which the Pencs Booloties and \ Intornational Conforonces oan turn thoir atton~ tlon, THE OPENING OF DEARBORN STREET. Tho Common Counell, & long time ago, praacd the necossary ordinance for tho opuning of Dearborn stroot, from Jnokson to Fourtcouth stroets. Tho fira rondorod this an oary offers- tion for that pact lylng north of Iintrizon atxoct, and thero was a uuanimons potition of the Jand- ownera for the carly complotion of tho wholo job, Tho offect of pausiug the ordinanco liny boon to tie up all tho proporty on iho line of the streot’ for noarly n milo, leaving the proporty- owners unablo to {mprove or build. If thoy build on tho assumption that tho strookis to bo openod, and it should not bo, thon they witl suffor ‘damago, and so, if thoy bLuild on tho nssumption ¢hat tho stroot is nob to bo opened, nnd it should bo, the cost and dumege will bo grestly incrensed. Tiho procoss of excenting tho ordinanco by Daving juries to ngsess tho damagos is, at bost, o slow one, and fust now tho change in tho City Govornmont will have the offect of still further dolnying tho work. Itls suggested that tho now Mayor should at onco give ordorn to oxecuto that ordinanco, or that tho Common Council ropeal it. Thero is property worth over s million of dollara aotually taken out of the markot, and ronderod unsafo for improvemont, bocauso of the uncertainty, . It Lian romained in this con- dition quito long enough; and, If attontion was given to i, tho whols mattor of assossing boho- fits and damagos could bo disposed of by juries ‘botweon now and epring, and thus lot the own- om go ahend to improve or soll their lots, Inas- much as all tho damages aro nssosscd against tho samo partios who will como in for the benefits, no monoy, or next to none, will chango handa. Thoro s, theroforo, no objection to tho opening on the scoro of oxponso. . A BANPPLE DEADHEAD, ; Tho latest phase of tho rafirond quostionis the expulsion of & passengor from a train becauscho would not pay Lis faro, ho insisting upon his right to travol freo on & pass Issued to him a8 5 membor of tho Illinois Legislaturo—which pasy had expired. The conductor rofuscd to rocog- nizo the validity of the pass upon two grounds: 1.. That the pass was good only;during tho seysion of the Logislature. 9. That tho Company by duenotice in July last had rovoked sll passos and had called thomin for cancetlation. The member of the Logislaturo is from Gallatin County, and ho proposes to suo the Company for damngoes, Ho will probably claim that tho pass issued to him in January 1879, ¢ during tho session of tho Legislaturo " ia atill good, tho Legislature nover having adjourned, but morely taken a recesa until January 1874,~tho meoting somo fivo woeks Lisuco boing but & continuanco of tho sessson bogun o Fear ago. o will also contend that the issuo of a paes to him, and bis sccoptance thoreof was a conlract botweon bim and the Company, which the latter could not violato or set aside without his coneent. Thig case but illustrates tho extent aud abuees of ihis wholo pass system. In tho lnst Legisla- ture thero wero 204 membera, twenty-fivo clorks, and gomo thirty 8tato officers, all furnished with passca over all tho railroads of tho Btate, These pasges have genorally been held to bo good for tho two years in which the Legislaturo has bad & logal oxistonos, Horo,then, were 250 porsous, holding offlcial positions, autliorized to travel for two yeara ovor 6,000 miles of railroad in Illi~ nois freo of cost, 8 privilege which long oxpe- rlenco has shown was industriously and liberally exoroised. Thore are 102 countics in this Btato, and ench of theso lind an avorago of ten oflicials who claimed and received railrond passesas a right, and all of them travoled oxtousively, and, of courso, free of cost. Allowing 800 moro for city snd United Statos officials, and thoro was an aggregato of 1,600 ofiicinla olected or ap- pointed to ofice and paid for their services, who were permitted to travel at all times freo of cost, over the railronds of Iliuois. All this businoss was brokon up by the resolute nction of the railronds in July lnst, and theso 1,500 sturdy doad-heads havo cither givon up their treveling, or havoe einco paid their fare, Tho member for Gallatin dees not scom to havo heard of tbe change in tho dend-head syatom, or, relying on bis pasa as a contract, ho hos oitempted to show thst railroads cannot rovoke a pags onco issued. Whothor it was givon for a cobaldoration or not. Tho pooplo have roason to rojoice that this wholo systom of official pauporism has boen done away witl: ‘Mombors of the Legislature who insist upon the privilege of traveling on railronds free a0 part of their omolument, will got small sym- pathy from juries. Tho railroads and the mom- bers of the Legislature being now mutually ndopondent, both can botter afford to discharge thoir duties to tho public honostly and ofliciently. It wasnupposod that tho Inst Logialativo pass had been takon up and destroyod, until this affair of tho gontleman from Shewuectown lLas shown that ono, at lenat, ia still held as an inalienable franchige and vestod right of amembor of the Genoral Assombly. "CAPT, FRY, Yestordny morning tho Chicago Times medo the following bombastic annouucement in de- fouso of Fillibuster Fry : - Pending the coMection of somd personal ovidenco ‘boaring on tho matter, tho Times will stato that to ao- cusation n Ty Tuwuxe, which plces upon Capt. Fry tho rospouslbility of unnocessarily shooting Fed- eral soldicrs at Arkansas Dluffe, 18 unqualifiodly falso, ‘Whilo the Times is trying to manufacturo ovidepeo to throw digercdit on the naurative published in Tur Tainose on Friday morning, 1t might ea well manufacturs some to neutralizo all'tho other accounts of fry'a barharity which havo baen proserved, indopendent of tho one published by us, Tho followlng particulats, from tho Logansport (Ind.) Journal, differ from thoso “glven by us n no importeut particular, but just enough to show that thoy are tho ovidonae of an- other witnoss, Col. G. N. Fitch, whoso regimont oaptured Try, lives at Logansport, and tho Journal Lizs probably derived it informntion from him, though thoro aro hundrods of other mon whowero on tho guuboat-fleet and would confirm tho account published in Tue TRIBUNEy Fry commandod tho rebal gunboat Mauropas," i thoattack on tho batiery atltuddle's Polut, Ark, In March, 186, when tho Forty-aixth Indlann Regiment, thion on duty, reclyed such o covoro ahelling, Ho hind command of the eamo vessel at Bt, Clurles, on White Riyor, and lu the fight thero was guilty of tho cowardly {nhumanity of ordering the #hooling of the men of tlo gunbost Mound Olty, nu thoy wera strugglug in tho water, aftor tho oxplosion of that vesuol, ‘An expedition was Dited out at Mermphis, o fow doga aftor 1ta capture, for the relief of Gon. Curtls, fhon supposod to ba npproaching from Diissourl. Itcon- siotod of the gunbosts Mound City, Bt, Louls, Loxington, ond Conestoga; tho {rausports White Gloud, Nuw Natloual, Jacab Bueselojan, ;and: tho Forty-sixth Indiana fnfoutry, i | AU, Charles, on White Rlver, above it4'mouth, the expodition mot o fortifiod pulnt with tho Rebel guubout Mouropas, and tho tramwport Kliza @, sunk across the ohonuel of thoriyer. Thoheayy guus of e Maurepas were In battery op the holghts, ‘A sttack was 1nado on (ho Rebol works early jn tho morulog of tie 16th of Juno, 1882, Tho gunboeats,with tho Mound Olty fn advanco, oponcd firo at aboutn mile from tho work, Tho Forty-sixth advanced af the samo thno toward (ho battery, Companica A and B, supported by Company G, formod tho adrmish line under Ool, T. I, Driughurst, thon Mnjor Tho regiment, undor Ool " Tit:d, followed with- In 200 yords, A alxts-five pound xifled Parrott shot from 1ho robet works sirtck the Lull of tho Mound Oity, penotrated the steam chest or pipe, and instantly Qiwablod her, Bho wan immedintoly enveioped with ateam, and her crew, numbyring fome 210 thon, wero weon lesplg froni thio port-bolea Into the river, Tho bouts from tho other vestols startod to tho nsslstance of (ho drowning men, but woro driven back by the robel riflemon on tho cast shoro. Then the robols turned tholr guna on tho Lootmeon, and muny of them wero alot and drowned, As the Mound Gily flontod pnot, disabled, Col, Tlteh signatlod tho gunbonia to ceans firing, and be would slorm tho Latterics, Tho Forty-sixth thon chiorged wp tho hil, sud in o slort {imo was In posecsston of tho balteries, Fry. and s infantry ran os the mon charged on tho works, and mado towarda the woods up tho river, his gnnnors slono remoining nt the battery, 1Io was puraued by o number of the Forty-alxth, aud Gnally bronght down by mombers of Company B or Company D, Ldeut, Drownllo of D roported Lis capturo to Gol, Fitch, 1Ife,, Ty, bad rocelved a bad wound in e shoulder, Mo s put Into his own yawnl and rowed down to ho Gon- ©eatoga, At the Tobel guns, » Lioutenant of Try was mortally woundod, and beforo ho died Lo declared that the shooting of tho mien in ihe water was Ly Fry's oxpress commond, On the Concatoga, Fry wus chargod by Col, Fitch with his inhmman and un- coldierly conduot, and denfed having given tho order to shoot tho men, but after hearing that his oficor had oxposed him Lo eafd. Dothing, Had ¢ not boon for kis wounded condition, Lo would havo been killed by thomen, On that night, under a coustant rafn, dotails from tho Forly-sixth burisd Ofty-oight gunbostmen, snd the total disnater on the Mound Oity finslly rcached 160, Fry, with the Fedoral wounded, was takon to Memphls, putin tho hospital, ond_carcfully nureod, On his recovery he waa lberatod and permitted to go home. Ho went into the blockade-running ‘business, and was so engagod until tho closo of tho war, - Aftor rocalling theso momoriod, 1t will not bo ex- peoted that mombera of tho Forty-sixth Indiana volun® tecrs, or tholr frionds or acqualutances, will Lo suxloua to rush to tho bLattle's frout to avenge tho doath of Cltizen Fry, * Ho that lives by tho sword stall perish Dby the sword,” ¥ry showed no mercy to tho poor scalded meh in White River, e recaived noue from tho bruta), half-civilized Oubans, *The mills of the gods grind slowly," etc. HOW T0 BE TWQ PERSONS AT THE SAME- TIME, Tho old adago that truth Is stranger than fle- tion onco moroe finds exemplification in tho story of tho lif of tho New Yotk merchant, Goorgo Hardin, which was given in dotail in our febuo of yostorday. Here was o cnse In which a mitl- fonniro led a doublo life. In one pirs of the city, he was known as one porson ; in tho other, a8 anothor. This duality ho maintained for twonty-fivo yoars, without-ita belng discovered by thoso who wore acquaintod with him socially or did business with him, - It would bo hard to find its countorpart in fictlon, - Bhakspearo has glvon us tho picture of tho ** Two Dromios,” with the ludicrous situationa into which mistaken idontity lod {hom; but thoy were distinct porsons. ‘Tho molo-dramatio * Corslean Broth- org,” which was tho delight of theatre-goers in Noaflo's day, rests upon the ssmo basis, Bdward Evorott Halo has writton very charmingly upon “ My Double, and How Ho Undid Mo." Wo have also had Poter Schlomil, who could never get rid of his shadow, and there aro numorous peycbological romauces of horoes and herolnos who aro troubled with their other solves, But thia obaptor of our roal life is more remarkablo than all of thom, both in its novel surroundings and its roality. . Georgo Mardin, whose will 18 now iu dispute in the Now York Courts, lod in avery way a doublo life. Down town, ho was George Hardin ; up town, lio was Goeorgo Walk- er. Down town ho wasa bachelor ; up town he was 5 marriod man, Down town, ho Lad ono 8ot of social acquaintances; up town, holhad another, and the two sots know nothing of each othor. Down town; ho did business ns George Hardin ; up town, 88 George Walkor. Down town, he lvod in sumptuous style as & bachelor; up town, ho lived with Lis wife ina plain, old-fashioned wooden houso. This style of double lifo was kopt up for tweniy-fivo years, . No one who know Goorge Herdiu Lnow Goorgo Walker, nnd vice versa, and bad {4 not been that his death brought his large fortuno into the courts, the identity of the two Goorges might havo remainod n secrob forever. Thero aro two surprlslug facts connected with thia strango story. First, there doss not scom to bo auy special reason by Lo should bave indulged in this froak. The wifo of Rardin, or Walker, wns Elizaboth Steal, a Scotch gid, who lad boon proviously mar- ried to s mon pomed, Robert Waller, o drunkon vagabond, who may atill bo alive for all that is known to tho contrary, Ho desorted hor, howover, and a8 at that time ho was a gutter drunkard, aud had not been hoard of for yenrs, #ho married Hardin, and thoy lived ovor after ng Mr. and Mrs, George Walker. - Now, if Mra. Walker wore bis mistress; as the contostanis cluim, thero might have beon a good reason why o should not wish to bo, known ss Hardin in hig ngaociation with hor; but the evidenco all goes to sliow that thoy woro lawfolly married, and that, as Goorgo Walker ho alwaya' nc- knowledgod hor ns his wifo; 88 Georgo Hardin, ho wag o bachelor snd nono of Georgoe Hardin's down-town friends know snything of Goorge Walkior, who lived up town. ‘Tho sec- ond swprising fact was, that even 1 Now York City Lo shonld have boen ablo to prosorve thia dunl identity soporfoctly. The chancos of suc- coss in & largo oity were, of course, in hia favor, In o village it ‘would have boen imposaible to maintain such a condition of thinga for a woel, for thore every one knows his neighbor, and the ‘gonsips oxtond thelr prying investigation dows to vory smull detalls. In tho great crowds of tho city, howovor, whare cvery ane s fighting for o living, and one gearcoly knows tho namo of his neighbor; whoro the surging crowds pass .cpch other in tho stroet without racognition, and the ipples of tho soclal circlos can hardly advauco boyond thelr immediato contres boforo thoy aro intorsectod and broken up by gther ripples, it might be possiblo to malntaln such rolations wituout tho Lnowlodgo of - tho rost of tho oity. It would bo comparatively easy to do this if omo were sn unkuown per- gon, and not ongaged fn oy wark enloulnted to bring him into publio notico, DBat Qoorgo Mardin was o prominont business wan, Ho Linsd beeu o heavy importor of linens, nnd tho ‘agent of ouo of tho largest houses in Buropo. Dusing the lgat fow yoars of Liulifo, he had beon & capitaliat, waarwoll kngwn on $ho Btook-Ex- chinnge, hiad largo dealings with tho banks sud brolors, and kad also an oxtonsivocirclo of busi- nous nequaintanco, to whom he was known s Goorge Hordin, the riok bachelor; while up town ha also had & large clrolo of acquaint~ ancos, to whom ho waos 'lmown a8 Goorgo Walker, a marrled man of only moderate moans. With such an oxtonsive business ho corriod occontrio freak, It i burlod in tho grave with him. At best, his dunl oxistenco must have boen vory wearlsomo to him. The mnjority of mankind find 1t hinrd work onough to livo as one man, Thoro mny bo a fow triling advanteges in being two poraons at once. Whon your note comes duo as Brown, it woull be handy to show sthat you wora uot Brown, but Bmith, One ad- dlotod to marrylng might have o Mes, Smith and » Mra, Brown, as iu tbo famous Schuyler enso. It Bmith woro alout to bo hanged, It would bo an advantoge to him to sbow that Lo was Drown, and thera are numorous other situations whero one might swap his idon- tity for anothor with advantage. But sl thisis vory tirasoine, and does not nnswor tho general ssplrations of tho world, Mon and women vory oflen wish thoy wero somebody olso, but thoy don't want to bo thomeolves at the samo timo, 1In looking over this romarkable casoe, it scoms vory cloar that ITardin was born with & gonlus for being two people at onco, It s equally clear that vory fow people bave that genius, and that the majorlty of pooplo, In attempting the job, would find themeolves In tho distrossing pro- dicamont of the old Indy who foll asleop by tho rondaldo, and had her petticoats shearod by tho peddlor, and did not know whotler tho wae horaolf or somobedy olao until lLer little dog barked at her. The public wilt hopr with rogret that, aftor ma- turo doliboration, Judgoe MeAllistor Lins roconsid- ered and withdrawn his accoptanco of tho office of Corporation Counsel, tondored him by Mayor Colvin. 'Tho great logal abliity and long expori- enco of Judge McAllislor gave nssursuco that tho intercats of tho city would bo well protected, and- the business of tho offico nttouded to with prompincss and fdolity. Tho dec- lination of Judgo MoAllistor will weaken the now adminisiration considerably. To & mon fitled by learning and ability tho offico is not an invting one. If the Mayor can find another lawyer equally fitted for the dutics, aud willing to saccept it, ho will bo ex- coedingly fortunato. Itis to bo hoped that the senseloss war mado upon Mr. Hayes by & portion of the 23" aldermanio peoplo, will not have tho effect of inducing that gentloman to decline the Comptrollorship which ho saccopted so roluctantly, Tho double loss would bo very embarrassing to the now adminiatration. e At length M, Sardou’s ‘¢ Unclo Sam" has boon produced in Paris. It will be rememberod tlat this drama was placed in rehesraal a yonr g0, but its performance was forbidden by tho Consor upon the ground that its satiro might pain tho feolings of Amoricaus rosiding in Paris, M. Sardou then proposed to chango the locality to Englund, The Congor was not at all averso to this, Lut tho moro proposal raised s howl in Eifpland eo Joud ond so dismal . that Snrdou sbandonod his - pro- joct. BMoanwhile, bowevor, Mr. Wash~ burno aesurod M. Sardou and tho Consorship that ita porformance would make no differenco with Amoticans whatover, and it being " further ascortninod that tho play had been produced in this country without prejudics, tho Fronch au- thorities gavo pormission for ita introduction to a Parislan oudience, Now it is stated that the Amoricans throng the thoatro every night, and enjoy the caricature more heartily tuan the Tronch do. THE RODES OF MOUTION---IS\ ORGANIC LIFE ONE OF THEM? on, ramifying in overy dircotion, it Is amazing that in oll theso years the respeotive frionds of @eorge Hardin and Goprge Walkor did ngtrun over oach other and dlacover tho ldontity of the two, or that Lo himeolf did not In an unlucky momont make somo elip which would lot oyt tho socref. Whatever may bave bieen the motive of this Matter and motion! ‘The physical universe containg nothing olso; and thore aro thoso who would bayo us boliove that noither in heaven nor on earth is thers anything for our phileso- pby to dream of but ihe modes of motion and tho changes of matter,—tho distributions and rodistributions of Hoth. Cortamn it is, that tho dreamn of tho philosophy of Evolution extend no further, Certain it is, too, that. thoso aro tho two mngio factors—onch Protoan iu form— that make up ALL WE SEE, NEAR, OB FEEL. Of matter, eogain, it may bo questioned whetlier we konow anything but what is rovealed to us of it by itn motions. Its colora and tem- porature aro forma of motion, and oven its so- lidity, wo aro told Dby somo, ie anothor, Sciouce bas latoly resolved many familiar phenomens into motion, and backs tho golution by domon- strations which no ono may gninsay. Wo do not speak hore go much of visible motion as of thoso * vouishing gradations™ of motion, a8 Grove calls them, ncarcely suspoctod by tho un~ initiated to bo motions at all. THUS S0UND, seiontists toll us, is only molion. The rosring of the sea, tho roll of tho thunder, the noise of artillery, tho mornivg-soug of the lark, and tho tonder voico of woman, are all, in the ultimate analysis, motion. Tho power of a Lucea or o Nilsson consista ouly in ‘tho ability to produco cortain motions, Tho gonius of n Booth or a Ristori, too, is the genlus to produco certain ‘motions,—motions of 'sound, muscular and other motions, Take away the actor's skill to produco thoso movemonts, and you deprive him of bis genina. It in & hoartless thing to reduco the cry of anguish and the wail of despair, no less than tho clognonco of Demosthenes, into motion. Yot such they are, They ey be moro .than this, They may bo somothing which science cannob reach. Wo know theyaro; but, thon, thoy are motions, too. 4 ) ‘What more unliko sound than LIGuT? And yet the dlfforenco botwoon thom is n diffor- enco ot motion and undulation. Tho thousand goma of night aro visiblo ouly by the motions thoy produco. Thelr very acintillation s mo- tion. All wo know of them is thoir motionn. All wo know of any hoavenly body is the his- tory of the motlons it la subject to,—motiony through spaco, motion in an orbit, motion around & primery, end tho wave-motions it pro- duces, The glory of tho sun and the tintn of the rainbow sre motions; and so {8 the surpnss- Ing’ boauty of tho anrora, of the rosy-fingered morn, or the soft ovening twilight, Tho white- nons of tho lily is motion, and go are the' terror of tho lightning aud the awfulness of tho earth- quako, The most dolightful odors, the most brilliunt colors, are formu of motion, MOTION DOES ALL 0T WOIK,— assnmos ovory aliape of onergy. It in the powoer of tho sun, and, through the sun, tho cause of all tho changes going on on oarth and In our solnr system, Our vast conl-beds aro anly stored-up solar hont, and storod-up uolar heat Iy storod-up motion, o warmonrsclves in wiuler by motion. It is molecular motion converted into mechanical or visiblo motlon that printod thalu page, that carried it to your door, or aver tho railway, through tho mail, & thoussnd miles away, Tho thousand Industvinl arts are only so many modos of motion, 8kill In them fa anly tho ability to produce thoso motions, carried ‘more or less noarer to porfuction, Al tho shoe- maler, tatlor, whoolwright, or binoksmith doos is o go through & sorles of motions to offoct his object, ‘Ilat 18 hin busineas, All Lo does is to + put things Into fit places,"—to move an objeot’ from whoro it fa not wanted lowhoero it in, More than this Lie cannob do; natural forces do ihorout, Hoputs tho objoots in position, and ‘Nature doos the work ; but Naturo worke throughy forces, and thega fdroos, agaly, aro wodes of motlon, "~ B But this [s not all, TiHOUGTT, rofinned aa it Is, subtlo s aro its manifestations, 1a by somo coneldored a mode of motlon, too,— # the elootrio motion of brain-finyo,” It will be RN Lard ovor to convinca man that thia s all thoro i of thought ; that thoso motlonn aro not rathor the accompnuimont of thought than thought it- #oll, Bolonce, wo know, profosses to deal only with phenomone 4 it confesses an *‘ untmown” back of all appearances, And wa fool very, gor- tnin that neithor thought nor’ conuclousnces ls slmply motlon ; yob motion, or o sorles of mo- tonn, In l‘Lu Invariable coneomitant, 5 Theso ldeay Linvo boen reoalled to publieatlon of o1 Lrithe AUQUSTCS THEODORR TRONNER'S troatiso on tha doyslopment of orgnnlo bolngs,~ “Idoon zur Bohopfungs und Entwickeluuga Goeohlohto dor Organiwmon,"—which haa just appeared, and {n which ho reducos the difforenco ‘botwoon orgae and Inorganic bodios to one of ‘molecular mobility j in othor words, to a difrer- enco of motion. If anything was nooded to complote the abeolute reign of motion, Fochner has discoverad it. Tho gonarally-recoived thoory among sclontlsts Is, that the diffarenco botwoen organic and tnorganio substancos is ultimatoly a difforonco of chomical composition. Iechner finds in tuls : that, in inorgauic moleonles, the parts aro able, by their own mutual action, to chinngo their rolative positions to such sn ex- tont, at most, that tholr order of soquence is nok altorod by tho chango ; whilo, in organie bodlen, molocules are ondowed with tho power, not only to alter their positions spontancously, but also tholr ordor of nrrangoment, On this ground, with commondable Loldness, ho vindicatos for’ our solar systom a QUASI-ONUANIO CHABAGTER, How tho elopliant aud the leviathan sink into Insiguificance whou contrasted with this monster ofspaco! In this he is only logical, minco tho parts of our solar systom, ita moleoules,—tha planets and their satollites,—aro all in motion, and havo that poculiar motion which ho desig- natos cosmo-organio. Whon, in-obodionce to the laws of motion, our earth flow off from tho primitive moge, it was in the cosmo-organio con- dition. No soonor soparated, howevor, than tho exclusivo influonco on it of the mass from which 1t was soparated was diminished,.and tho forces inhoront in its own constituont parts bogan to sagort thomselves, Tho condensation of the primitivo, unformed ecarth, by bringing its atoms closor to one another, gave birth to othor and now molecular nttractions,—attractions much more complox than thoso which had hith- orto existed, Tho FINAT ORGANIO LIFE WAS THE RESULT of thoso now nnd complex motions acting on cosmo-organio matter. Thua tho convorsion of cosmio motion into & apecies of molecular mo- tion was, according to Fochnor, the beginning ot tho, varied life about us, vogotable as well as ani- mal, However fanoifal theso specnlations may scom, it must bo borno In mind that Fechnor is no tyro In soienco. Ho {8 now & pretty old man, and bas dovoted a lifotimo to it. o has always mani- fostod a predilection for the examination of the fundamontal principlos underlying zoologioal aclonce, Darwinism, early in its history, at- traotod his attention; and, aftor a timo, though Dot without a strugglo, ho becamo s convert to tho theory of the dovelopmont of tho highor spocies of ‘organio life from the lower, It will bo seon, however, that his account of tho origin of organisms is 3 ¥ VERY DIFFERENT FROX TIAT OF DARWIN, who grants, or seoma to grant, the creation of tho primitive gorms from which tho wholo orgauio lifo of the globa was subsoquontly dovel- oped. Fochuor's theory conquors a gront dea of now torritory to tho theory of Evalution, and}, if ho conld establish his views, nothing would bo loft for diract orontion but tho primitive All. At first sight, it might soem that our author's viows would bo loas favorablo than Darwin's to o Buperintonding Intelligence in the dovolopment of tho universs. Suock, howovor, is not thocass; for Fechiner claims that rigid Darwinisin ox- cludes dosign from ereation, and that thoroin IT 18 ESSENTIALLY DEFECTIVE. Mo more than insinuatos that the Darwinian theory cannot account for the symmuotry, har- mony, and beanty of the universo,—notill loss for tho ovident adaptation of part to part, Fechuer, on tho other Lhand, aeserls design thronghout. Ho soes & ‘plan running {hrough the whole history of the avolution of living beings, and in- troduces tho principle of * relationsl differentia~ tion," roferrod to bolow,—s principlo of design, —to-oxplain the olnultanoous production’of tho sexcs of & given specios, a8 well as Gther com- plementary rolations. . ‘Wo may hero add, that Fechnor aoes not allow to the prineiplo of tho ‘f STRUGOLE FOR EXISTENOL” sl tho importance cluimed for 1t by Darwin. Ho relogates it to an inferior position, Taking o survoy of tho whole animal and vegetablo cre- ation, ho shows that, in tho relation of tho Int- tor to tho formor ag wollas in the rolation of the carnivora to tho herbivors, of man to the vog- otable world a8 woll as of man to men, the ex- creigo of benofleonce exists everywhore side by eide with that of tho combative faculties, In ordor to porpotuato thoir own oxistenco, all aro depondent upon the porpotuation of tho exist- enco of varjous other forms ‘of being. The proscrvation’ of all fg tho ond’ for which, each works and struggles. Individual egotism is subordinated to thegaod of tho group, and-the good of tho group to that af the wholo systom, 'Tho: strugglo for existenco only'pre- acribos tho Hnfits within which each labors for this ond. It s truo that othora lavo pointed this out ; but' no ono has emphasized it as has Fechnor. Darwin has, indeod, . pointed, oub ‘wherein animals are holpfal to ona anothor, and has raced tho uscful relationa botween differeut individuals to the principto of the' divigion of la- bor, Feclnor gopms to think .. DARWIN'G POKITION IIERE ILLOGICAT. Ho cannot seo how tho,principlesat -tho division of Inbor could bo doveloped sido by sldo with tho S strugglo for existanco,” or peacoful co-oper- ation out of a.war of all against all, 3 o illustrates this by two instances of * com- plewontary relation,” which muy Lo considered ag caies of adivision of labor in tho organic world,—tho case of tha two soxen of ono apeeles, and that rolation between cortain plants and cortain insocts,- by which the former aro for- tilized by the lattor, and, in turn, afford tho lat- ter food, Oned this relation i establshed, it will, of courss, mako itealf folt in tho strugglo for oxistonce, Buthow such a rolation could bocomo ostablished, in any iustanco, apito of the compotition of othor beings alreedyin possossion of it by iuboritanco, is what Fochner claims Darwlnism does not acconnt for. It never can “account for it so long as ft lays so much stross on the ono-sided and -egotistic dovelop- ment of tho individual, A male or fomalo do- velopod within the linnts of" a hithorto asexual speoies would be'ab & disadvantage as vegards its sosually-indifforent companions, unless the complomentary sox should bo simutancously developod ; to acconnt for the devolopment of which, tho rigid Darwiuian has ¥ NOTILIXG DUT CHTANOE to offor, o cauuot advance tho hypothosiaof & clhango In tho gorm in explanation j for such a chauge would ho an intornal modifleation, and Darwiniom haa lttlo to say of such hifluonces as work from without inwerd ; in which it diffors radiezlly from the theory of dovelopment advo- catod by Loohnor, who, whild he edmits tho modifying influencs of oxtornal causos, layn groator stress on the theory that evolution Is effocted by onuses operating from within out- 'ho produotion of tho complomentsry relation of sox, and of all otlier complomontary relations, Toclinor oxplaiug by the principlo of # RELATIONAL' DIPFERENTIATION,"— a principlo, us botore obsorved, evacutinily teloo- loglo. 3 . " It will not eseapo tho noticoof the reador that, according fo Fechuer's theory, all tho life that over wis or will bo 6o tho globo was in thoworld in the bogmnlug,~not in ¢sse, but' In posss ; in the All, the To Lan of tho Stolo philosophors. Tumany rospeots, Feclinor’s voreion of Tvolution {8 noro chsurful than that of Darwin, sfucoe it mitigutes tho storuness of the “utruggle for exidtonco," aud introduccs dosign jut tho dov velopment ot umu.nlo lifo and of the world. ‘ KEIN'S HISTORY OF JESUS, 'TIIE HISTORY OF J18US OF NAZARA : O0XAtDe EmRD 1N 178 CONNKGTION WiTh THE NATIONAL Lun or Imiet, Axp Reuczum Desutw, by Dr. Tuxopour: Kenst, Tronslatad from the Gor- snon, Vol I. London: Willlame & Norgato, 1873, A yenr or moro ago n numbor of eminont olors gymen and laymon In England, among whom wore Doan Btanloy,” Prof. Jowett, Dr. Tulloch, and tho' Rev. James Martinuou, started s *Theological Translation Fund," to procure the publication In English of the works of cortaln Gorman and Duteh acholarn, without roforonce to daotiinal considorationn, in tho department of theologleal litoraturo, * of a mora Indopendent charector, ‘lona binged by dogmatical propos sossions,—n litoraturo reprosentod by such works 24 thoso of Ewald, Iupteld, ¥, O. Baur, Zollor, Rotho; Kolm, Bchrador, Inusrath, Noldoke, Pleiderer, ote., in Gormany, and by those of Kuonen, Beholton, and othora in Holland.” The firat product of this movoment iu tho History of Jeaus, by Thoodors Xoim, of Gonova,—a work of lofty tono, of profound scholarship, and of microacopio critical acumon. Only ono of tho two volumes of wlhich it is composed has como from the prosy, aud this one is wholly ocoupiod with an oxaminotion of tho sources of the his« tory, Jowish, Christien, and Foathon; of the political, soolal, and roligious condition of the world, and particularly of Juden, ot the time of tho ndvont of Jesus; and of tho provailing philoaophy of the epoch,—so0 that wo only rosch tho boginning of tho Uistosy of Jesus at the ond of the first volume, ? L Dr, Kolm lolds that Josus of Nnzareth (or Nazara, as he spells it) wos o man who, by the forco of hia spiritual powor, breamo, after little moro than o year of aclivo lifo, tho creator of a mow and higher order of things in this world, ‘boundless in duration, and only limited by the circumforonce of tho carth. Ilo does not cone sidor him fo have been tho Dolty, although he speaks of lim frequontly as tho Mabtar, the Binless Oné, and a5 OurLord, As much raver- ence for tho charactor and mission of Jesus an enn bo given without according to him equality with God, ho {froely- beetows. Such equality, howevor, ho withholds, or rathor tinds himself unablo to conoada. Naturally, the firat atep in & worls of this kind 18 an cxamination of the SOUBCES OF TNE NISTORY, and firat tho Jewish sourcos, Among thore Phila of Aloxandria and Josepbus.sro tho most in- terosting, Yot Philo, though leaning toward tha Christinn sect, and always sposking woll of thom, never montions tho name of Jesus, Jo- #ophus does mention it. Ho sposks of Jamos the Just, *'the brothor of Jesus, the so-callod Chirist,” and tells how ho (Jamos) was cruatly put todeath. Tho woll-known passage in Josophus which speake of Jesus as having boon crucified and rison from tho dead on the third day, as was prodictod by tho holy prophets, Dr, Keim holds to bo spurious, for several reasons, but principals 1y becauso it was equivalent to a beliof on the part of Josophus that Josua was tho Messial. Logleally, thorofors, ho must have been a Cliristian ; but, althongh the Christian sect was numorous in bis day, and could not have been inknown to him, there is no alluston to them in any of Lis writings, On the other hand, there is sbundant evidonco that Josephus lived and died in tho Jowish faith, Bloreover, this fassago was not known to tho Christian Fathors before the third century, and Origon makes » bittor attack on Josophus for giviug a higher placo to James tho Just than to Jesus, which would not have ‘beon a valid accusation it this passago had beon ombracod in the manuscripts of Josophus cur- rent in his timo. Othor Jowish sourcen are cithor silont roapocting Josus, or full of maligs nant scandals concerning him. TUE BEATHEN OULOES - srs both more numerons and more respectable than tho Jowish, Tacitus tells us whon, whers, and Ly whom Jesns was put to doath, and ho spesks of tho Chriatian scct in fwo or throo places,~with haughty contompt, it i true, but with Jistoriesl definitoness. Suctonius spesks of “Cbrist” as o rosiless snd soditious Jowish ogitator, Lut locates him in Nomo instead of Jorusalem! eliny tho Youogor writes that the Christians of Dithynia did not saorifice to the gods, but paid their vows to Ohrist a8 God. Lucinn, o tho second contury, soys thab the Cluistian sect was founded by o * sophist,” who wag crucifiod for introducing now mysterics. Celsus, tho pbilosopher, n contemporary of Marcus Aurelivs (A. D. 120), was the most un- cowpromising of all the adversarics of the Christian feith, He had made himnclf soquaint- ed with tho Clospels of Matthew, Luko, and ~John, ond with tho coutemporary literature of tho Jows and tho Gnostics, e says that Chris- tianity was based on deceit, because its foundor proclaimed himself to be God and the son of & virgin, whereas ho was tho illegitimate son of an unmerriod woman; that he resorted to juggling tricka for miracles, which failod Lim in the final bour; thot tho protended prophecies con- coming Josus do not apply, to Dim; that tho story of tho resurrcclion is nob credible, and that tho only wituesaes to it were o crazy woman and ono of his follow-jugglors, ¢ Withs ton ox elovon miscreants, publicans sud galors; tho vilest of mon, ho went . sbont tho conntry, begging Lis bread with diffioulty and in shameful flight, after ho had been declared an outlaw.” Such ig tho sccusation of Celous; ond,’ ns Dr, Keim observes, ho neods mno rofutation. Inono placs, howaver, he ascribes tho most beautiful sayinga to Jesus in his Sor- ‘mon on the Mount ; but he contends that the Groek philogophers had sdid it all boforo, so that o hna no elsim to bo tho originator of now idong. Tho low seandals which Celsus reprinis aro borrowed from tho Jowish sccusors of Jesus, Neoxt come thoe - CUBISTIAN BOURCES other than thoso ombracod in tho Now Tosta- ‘mont ; the Infancy of Jesun, fall of abrurd mir- aolos wilh childron's playthings ; tho Apoohry- phal Gaspols, the Gospol of the Hobrows,tho Gospsl of Jamen, the Gospel of Thomas, the Acts of Pilato, and tho so-called Goapol of Nico- demua, All theso seraps aro oxamined by Dry Kolm, and dismissed ay “an ondless, unprodao- tivo, and mislendiug wotld of myths.” We czn do hardly more thau notico the con- clusions which Dr. Koim raachos aftor lis oxami~ nation of tha four Gospols. Tho procosses by which ho arrives nt them are too numerous and complox for nowspaper-trostment. o doen nok expressly deny the inspiration of theso swritings ; but it n plain that ho rogards thom ns any othor Lunian productionn, partly Listorieal and partly dootrinal, to bo aritielsed by tho light of.” what thoy contain, Ho thinks thas thoy all had a common orlyin, nud that that common origin waa tho traditiona in the mouths of the fullowers of Josuay thot tho book of Matthow was {ho noar- est in point of timo to tho doath of Jesus, and {s tha mont trustworthy, but was novertheloss written by two porsons, ono of wham was noe quainted with the Old Testzniont in thoe Hobrew tonguo, whilo tho olhor Luow it ouly in the @Grock version, A veut doal of loarning s accus mulated to aliow that the book of Matthow wan writton abont tho yoar A, D, 08, and s still groater acoumuintion is edducod to fix tho dato of tho book of John et A, D. 110-115, ab which timo tho Aporilo Jolm vould uot havo beon living. ‘Tho real John who wrote it, acconding to Dr, Keim, wna most probebly Jonn the Prose byter of Ephosus, who wag aequainted with the philosophy of tho Aloxandriue Platonlats, whose dootrine of the Logos, tho Word, that was in the bogioning with God, sud thnt was God, forme the introduetion to that basutiful Goapel, The shados of differonco Lotweon the sovoral Gioapola on dootrinal polnts, aud os- peolally botweon Mattlow, who oxalts love and good warks, and Jobn, who layaso great stross o frith, ure amang tho 1aost Iuteresting parts of -the volume, ... d Tho history of -Judon Immodintely bofore the birth of Jusus, during his lifo, and afior his doath, a8 narrutod by D, Keiw, is of absorbing intorest, Coupled with this Is'n survey of the Roman Ewpire sud Goveruwout in tho Eaab more oxbunsilvo aud unlquo than that of Glbe bon. \ A g, = iy -