Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 22, 1873, Page 2

THE FARMERS MOVEMENT. A Voice From South Carolina, The South Hust Be Unfoltered in Order to Aid the Wests -A Critieism Upon the Winchester Speech- esof Messrs. Flagg and Smith. The Question of “ Protecting ” the Farmer, A Voico from the South, HouTil OALOLINA, Augunt, 1873, o the Farmers' and People’s Anti-Monopoly Party of Livingston County, I—=. T, It, Prime, Kaq., Scere~ tary, Dieight, Tl : St Yours of the 20th Juno fs athand. Your plutform, there sob forth, ly desorving of the carefnl considoration of every true American citizen, and, in behalf of tho produciug portion of our white population, I beg to tender you our CORDIAT, SYMPATHY AND SUPPORT. Tho times nro truly trying,—tho curious an- onaly of the day being, that the workman ig, in brond daylight, despoiled by hin croaturo, the legislntor; his labor taxed; tho land that should Do rosorved for his growing children given to voractous corporationn without consideration or suthonty. Thoe Southern farmer was woll nigh on tho verge of derporation, Thnt tho reckless courso of tho ropresontatives of tho Amorican people tended to certain bankruptey and shame, soomed ulmost certain. But, nbout tho darkest hour, n voico was heard trom the Far West, that tho political servantu of the peo- plo had proven unworlhy of tho Nution's trust, and that tho timohad como whon an account should bo required. Lven this awakeniug of the farmers failed to warn our public sorvants, aud thio very last Dicliawent of tho Nation was to ROB THE COUNTRY under tho guike of voting thomuclves o salary. Cho mere money stolon is literally nothing in cotaparison to tho dogradation brought npon tho swholo conntry. L'rom man to man the quostion passoe, Who ean wo trust ? Follaw-citizens, tho foundation of all this corruption is the fuct that there is no check to tho bano msjority. Iind therodbeon ono goneral election Inw enacted for tho entire Uunitou States, having asits busis Lhe cumulative syatom of voting, thera would have boen u sufii- cient numbor of honest roprosentatives in Con- gress to have defeated the uublushing monsure. Wit applios to Nntional cloctions atill moro ap- plicy to Stato and Municipal cloctions, Should this coutinue ? 'Lhe white population of this Suuto (South Carolinu), soma 850,000, aro actually WITHOUT REP! ATION, eitbor in the Stute or Natioual l.cgislatura. ‘Why ? Becauro thero aro 400,000 negroes, in tho Sato. They have o majority of the voles, and aro consequontly the rulers, clocting Judgos, Tovying taxes, otc., though they do not own one- Lwentioth part of the property in {ho Stato, and pay listle or no taxes themuelves, Tho constant 4 pntiont offort thnt tho Southern whito citizen has mado, for oight yoars past, to enlighten and wako au intelligent votor of tho negro, has boon vitinted by the direol in- torforence of legisietors in Washington, who hayo sont to the South hivelings to buy and sell tho negro votes uccording Lo their dictation. Tho twosgeats in the Seunto of tho United States aro now filled, nccording to tho convie- tion of ninety-nine-hundredihs of our white population, by puichase,—ono by a citizen of ibo Stato, and the other by a citizen of Penn-~ sylvania., Hore, thon, you havo tho ontira Con- greasione] delcgation’ of South Carolina venal, or sevon voles thal CAN 1E NOUGHT AND SOLD,— Aor tho man that will buy and traflic in votes, coutrary to the laws of his country, must be ro- imbursed for the outlay. Tho trouble horetofore Las been that the othar gection of tho country deemed all this cor- ruption tho feult of tho Soutiorn whites, think- ng that thoy were imwilling to ncept the situn- Rion, ole, Gontlemen, this lins boen tho frand racticod npori vou by your dologatos to the National Leginliture dwing tho past ei;iht years, -with the viow of blinding you to the villainy thoy ‘were eurryiug on, For, bnd the Southern white not chcgted tho situation, could the Bouth have roduced, neerly every year, 8,000,000 bales of tton, selling ot 275,000,000 nunually ; bo- sides tobaceo, Tico, otc., aggrogating px'nimbli tanothor 325,100,000 7 Could this immonso worl have beon wom\)linhed if eapital and labor, in o country so recontly devastated by u ruinous war, bad not HIARMONIZED TO A WONDERI'UL DEGREE P "Tho negro was poinitted by your leé:inlutom to work, make contracts, aud be friendly with the nutive Southerner up t» o cortain point ; bub bo wuy earofully taught 1ot to listen to, or heed n any way, the coumsol o1 his white friend, but to vote a4 ha was inglruetod from Washington. Good white Ropublicans, cinontly stisfactory to tho citizens wt large, wore removed, notwith- standing tho petitions of thousands of whito cit- izony, and nogroes appomted to the places, to satisfy party demands, aud to show whot rewards tho Administration had in store forits bluck sup- orters, altor baving used tho whito tools as ong a5 they wore wanted. You have our symputhy ; but, unless you ean creats a gront reaction, and feel thut “wo uro your blood und hone, THERE WILL IE X0 POSSIBILITY of our over baing mbio to participate in the Nafional logislation. Entiroly now meu and mewwnres, with o dotormina- tion on you pare that the samo equity and law chat enry blessings to your Lome shiall bo en- 7ed by tho citizen of Houth Carolina, ete., ete., wiil bo requikito before any material alloviation * of tho prexont troubles that Lurden our country enn bo arrived at, With the machinations of the moneved rings of New York and Philadelplua, the West and Bouth have great cause to find fanlt, At this g, Indinn corn is quoted In Tiverpool at Ytie curvoncy por bushel of 56 Ihy ; while, in Al- abamy, Georgia, Floridy, nud South Caroting, the Bverage J: co iy 90u to $1 per bushel for the same, and in New York the quolations are 58¢ to 70¢, or 30c per bushel loas than it sclls at tho Snuth wholesalo. The reilvoad-mon, commiy- #ion-men, steamship-owners, ete., lovy, hetween the Western and Southorn murkots, a tax equal £o 45 and 50 conts por bushol, the whole anxicty Leing to mako ull Southern markets tributury to tha citios of Now York and Philadelphia, at the exponsn of tho Wostern corn-giowor und tho cotton=plauter. TUERY 1§ A REMEDY to this lattor ovil, und that is by the Waat and Soutlh meeting wnd worki togothor, Port Ttosal harbor, B. C., by tho rapusied parrow-paugo trunk-line of reilvoad, is 572 wilea from Momphis, Tonn,, and 93 from I cavonworth City, Kan, (the Enstorn and West~ ovn ‘Crmnsportation Compang’s routo), 'Chis is tho nuclens of n new erw in'tho travel botween the Wost und South and Europe, By this routo tha products of the West find the ohieapest out- Lat Lo the important markets of the \»'Ol’ld. lere i croatod u compotilion witl the moro North- ern shipping ports, no nocessary to securo tho producer from impouition and oxtortion, Jn Union is our unly hope. With you is the power. UNFETTER US, and we will work the lqhill)l tonliavon of snfely, Rocoluet thut Llood is thicker than wator, aud thial juctico must bo fairly meted out to soeurs tho lidelity of Lhe citizon, I am, with all fel- lowsbip, yours respectfully, Winnony Lawron, P. 8,1 voted for President Cirsnt, rnd hold myseh n Republican, 1adveocate a Logistaturo teken orr the farmg in other words, wo must go buck to firel principlos, A good, straight- mr\\;nrd farmer s tho only ropresontative I want, 3 Criticismin Upon the Spee Meussrus Plagy and Sm Buanwoon, 1., Aug, 14, 1873, 20 the Editor of The Chivugo ribune: it : 1havo read tho npecchos, as roported in Baturdey’s TrIsusE, of Mr. W, O. Flagg and Mr, #. M., Buith, at Winchestor, with considorablo intorost. Bo faras I have roon, thoy are the fivat uttompts mudo, not only to state the griov- ancess of the farmor, but nleo toindicato the remody ; ond, as they aro tho uttorances of the Tandingg meu in tho * Farmers' Movemont,” wo aro justitied in rogardiug thom as roprosouting the PRESENT ATTITUDE OF THE ONANGERS, Mr. Flagg's spocel b4, in the muin, tomporato pnd woll-considored, but thore uro portions Jrbich oxhibit & vory short-sightod viow of tho THE CIICAGO DAILY TRIBUNI: FRIDAY, AUGUST 22, 1473, e o —— relations of olyilized mombora. 2 For instanco, Mr, Fingg sy * Our traders ngroo thnt one shall do the wholewnlo, nnd an- othor tho rotl business ; what the commission for golling nhall Lo, and what tho profits of oach, ‘Thus nently ovory clngs of ocoupniion bas n com- biuntlon, more or lowa consurable, nmong its members, to nrreat the freo trado of supply and demand. Ono cansenrcoly wondor that tho masn of farmora holieve that all other clnnen of socl- oty aro ongaged in managing n vast consplracy, having for its solo abject the robbory of tho un- hoppy farmor, with, porhaps, tho intention of ultimately roducing him to tho condition of a sorf, when one fluds wo intolligont a man as Mr. Flngg giving countonanco to a prejudico 5o yul- gar. All auch talk as this LEADS AWAY PROM any concoption, much less any solution, of the difiloulty. Bome mon do busincas at wholosale, and othora al retail, not bocauso of any ngroe- ment or combinntion belween them, but bocauso onch fluds a place under the conditions on which socioty {s organized, In olher wordn, tho oceu- pation of tho rotail doalor oxiste simply becauso the vast majority of pooplo prefer to buy thoir goods from timo to timo, in small quantitics, s their neods or tastes roquire, fnstond of buying them in largo quanti- ties, and storing away for futuro uso. I pre- sumo 1o argument is nocossary to show that goods may bo handled in wholesalo quantitics at o smallor margin of profit than in rotail quanti- Hos. It, thorofore, tho consumor bugs his goods In small quantitios, it'is cithor because ho has not the moans to buy in larger quantitios, or bo- causo, having the moans, he profors to buy in small quantities, and, on the whole, finds it to his intorest, porhaps, to do so. Of ono thing the farmers mny bo assured: Whenover thoy got ready to buy in wholesale quantitios, THEY OAN DUY AT WHOLFSALE PIICES ; and thoy will not find any combination of whole~ salors and rotnilers ablo to rosist very long the argumont of hinrd cash, if the farmors como pro- pared withit, The same argument applies to “middlomen of all deseriptions, whom 1t s now bocoming popular among tho farmors to denounco as ‘“robbers,” *thieves," &¢. Whonna farmer, or any other person, sends his produce to be sold on commission, o docs so becange this is o cheaper mothod than for him to go to a distant markot and attond to tho sale in porson, aud not, as Lo would now have us believe, beenuso tho commission-man hns attained possesion of tho highwny over which the pro- ducer's wares must travel to tho consumer, and, from thia vantage-ground, lovies toll upon tho unfortunate producer, after the manner of o bold Baron of tho middloages. Itoften appoars, upon o superficial examination, that many manu- facturod articles pass throngh an unnccesssry number of Lands before reaching the consumer, and that ho pays o prico out of all proportion to tho original cont. Yot a enrefal inquiry shows that every such system is bazed upon TIE EXPERMENCE OF BUSINESS-MEN, and represonts tho growth of {hat oxperionce, rather than upon a combination organizoed for the purpose of flaecing tho consumer, It in open for any dissatisfied person to deviso and put in operation=a better and more econom- ionl systom ; and he will have not ouly carned tho gralitude of hig follow-men, but will also have Inid tho foundalion of his own fortune, In any systematically-conductod business, the oxperionce of any man trained in that business will teach him what margin of profit ho must securo in order to make his business a success- fulone; and the experience of one mau is, in genoral, 5o lilo that of another, that thoir stahd- ards will bo found to bo very nearly uniform, and competition usually compels the accoptance of the lowest one by all Lhose sre commonplaces, and it would not havo occurred to mo that thoro was_ any neces- sity of giving utterance to thom, hnd I not seon ovidence of such a Inck of their apprelionsion on tho part of the farmers, It may ticklo the fancy of some people to com- pare our ‘“railway-Lords" Lo the TONBER-BAIONS OF THE FRUDAL AGES. Mr. Flagg quoles tho mero assortion of & Weglminster reviewer, that “The United Btates s ropidly eutering s mnow foudal ago,” in_which, na in formor foudal times, “ilio chiof hold upon the peoplo in foundad upon the possession of the ronds,”—without the slightost attenpt to prove this assumption, Now, wo all hinve » deop and growing rospect for tho proverbial foreign tourist, Who gots an in- sight into our morals, maunors, aud ways of lifo, together with a knowledgo of the workiugs of our institutions, from the windows of a Pullman car, 08 hio whizzes through the country a the rato of 40 milos an hour, and feels his ability to write, not only nn article for a review, buta bool or two about us, whon ho gots homo; but it Ia not always snfe fo aceapt hisconclunions with childliko confidenco in their wuperiority to the results of our own observations, As_elomonts of this so-callod * Ruilrond ques- tion,” it i8 well to romember sovoral things ; and, rmong othera: i Itirst—Tbat railways arobuilt, not for purposes of benovolenco, but for tho same reason that a farmor raitos whont and corn,—to-wit: that of MAKING MONEY. Second—That their business is no more froo from risk than is that of (he former; and a compnrison of the profits ardsing from tho two occupations in any given district will probably show that farming is ag romunorative a8 railronding. In o new conn- try, neithor may pay at first 3 both look to the futuro for tho reward of their cntorprise ; but, in the lapse of time, tho farmor's acros will in- crease in value, at loast sy much a8 his noigh- bor's railway stock, Third—lhat, whilo the Ymbllu welfaro do- manded that the railways shall be controlled toa cortain oxtont Ly statute-law, it is by no moans easy Lo determino TILE DEGYES OF CONTIOL which may bo judiciously exercised. Thero is o point (nol to ba _detormined by evory stump- orator) boyond which restrictions will he injuri- oun 0 thoso who o the ruilwuys, as wall ts to thoso who own thom. I propumoe that thoro are fow farmors, even, who will not concede that a protty fair degree of businoss ability and onorgy are requirod to con- duob tho ufTirs of a railwny successfully. Now, the valuo of this ability aud energy i simply its markot-valuo, &8 shown by what ruilwny- corporations are willing to pay for it; and, until latcly, there was more than one raflwng-manager whose malary oxceeded that of the Prosident of the United Btates : and, whonever railronding is_surround- ad with such restrictions as to bung the induco- monts it can_offer to such nbility and enorgy helow the indncementa offored by other ocenpu- tions, such as banking, manufacturing, etc., tho rosult will bo that mon of brains_will bo diivon into othor walks of lifo, and railrond-buriness will suffer in proportion, The ultimate result would, bo thal THE STATE WOULD IE FORQED to assumo control of the ruilways, heeango thoir ownora would virtuelly sbandon thom, unloss fiuumnlnnfl aminimum’ dividend on their stock, lhin would amount to o direct tnx to support railweys ; and I am convinced that tho snme re- sult wonld bo reached if the Stato undortook to opornte one or all of them, alboit tho opinion goems to bo gaining ground smong tho farmors -that the Govermnent ought to come to thuir res- cuo by constructing competing linos of road, os- pecinl I{ ono from Chieago to Now York, Mr. Flagg favors this Iattor ides, ndducing tho oxporionce of Belgium in support of it. T'o thig it may bo_said, that, while our beloved country hos its undoniablo advantages over the offoto monarchios of Xurope, it {8 not yet able to commund n public sorvico ns choap and faithful an that of Volginm, norcan it hold its pu\vllu sorvanis to us strict an accountability, This ono reasion is suflicient to condomn the plan, Lut othes equally weighty will oceur to uy {hinklng mun, Lo rowult of zovornment operation of rail- wuys would bo, that the farmer would hnve to pay ubout TWICE ‘THE AMOUNT IN TAXEH for their nu‘pnorl that o would gain in roduce tiony in freight-tarimy, The sum of theso consldorstions is that, it « tho poople” catry thelr control uf the railways to n point that will cnpfilo thom, the reaction will bo disastrous to “the pecplo” as woll ay to the railway-corporations, Mr, ll‘lnm.i nuy: “If it cost mo £1 to grow bushel of whoat, it onght to be wortk that sum, if I havo usod due oconomy in producing it, and Tought to recoive a fair advauco on thal cost; " and AMr. Bmith wont on with considorablo do- tail tosbow, h{l figures which are fumiliar to the rondor, tiné tho farmor has actually boon ro- cmvhli; only 40 conts por bushol for what hag conb him 80 conts Lo produce,—to denounce the stato of nffairs in a conutry Tiko this thut could insuro such & rosult,” &o,, &e. ‘This, §f it meanis auything, moans that tho oomumunity is bound 0 s6e that a business which _soooly toward its various of itaolf would bo unprofitablo shall bo mado [ Emmnblu. At tho firat glanco, 1 waa inclinad to smiss puch an assumption ne absurd; but, u'pon refloction, I soo that it seamn absurd to ine simply hoeauso’ T am a Froo-Trador, Tho do- mand g, in other words, only A DEMAND FOR PROTEUTION, In this onso, tho tax which would have ta bo lovied would Lo n direct instead of an ludircet ona ¢ but, in all othor rospects, tha “protected” farmer would atand upon o o footing of equality with tho protected woolon- goodu manufacturor, and tha vroteeted bunting- nnaufacturer, and Lho numerous other ** pro- tocted” gontry ; and, aa & mattor of principlo, I do not know wliat ubjficdml thoso laltor conld offor to his demand, 1o comos bofora the coun- try with procisely tho samo plea they have suc- cosalully urged, numely : that thoy desiro to fol- low n busiucsstho normal conditions surrounding which roudor it thon unprofitablo. Thoy tlesire, theroforo, that tho normal condition of things shinll bo ¥o far lutorfored with as to . MAKE THEIR JURINESS PROFITADLE. This can be dono only by Iovying a tax upon tho country at Iargo for thoeir benofit, Inrolu tho country will roap tho bonelits avising from n fllvflrfimod industry, whatover those benoflls sy b, As o mattor of fnet, howover, I Anow that tho Protectionists would offer all sorts of objoctions to uny such demand on tho part of tho farmors, Thely advanlage lics in the fact that the farmer i3 not protected. 'Lo bring "him Lo their level wouldbring-thera both upon an oqualily, whioh would mako protection usoless to sithor, Almost tho ontire burdon of the protective systom FALLS UPOX THF. WORKING OLASS ; butt, potont ns thin fact in, thoy scom unuablo to comprohend it. ¥rom the protected mnnufac- turor downward, the burdon is shiftod from shoulder to shouldor, until it ronches tho farm- or. It can go no farther, and upon him it resta. All other clasges of the community—tho day- Iaboror, tho tradeaman, the lawyoer, the artisan, the clork—have thoir wages adjusted, not only by tho Inw of supply and demand, but, in an im- portant dogreo, by the cost of living, = Any por- mnuent rise in the pricos of tho necossarios of life is followed by & corresponding rise in the rato of wagos,—using this word in its brond sonso, applied to _tho componsntion of profes- sional mou na woll ns to that of day-laborors. This assortion in uumcloutly'l)rm'cd by thie riso of wages during tho War, ahd the fact that a gronter portion of the advance is yat maintaincd, though the purchasing power of 'n duy's wagos 18 not muncly, if nny, greater than boforo the War. Contrasting the condition of ths farmor with that of other industrial clasaon affords A BTRIKING ILLUNTRATION of the difforenco which I have shown to exiat he- twoon thom. During the War, the natural op- oration of the lnw of Bum)l{"nud domnand caused farm-products’to reach high prices. Sinco the closo of the Whar, they have stoadily decroased in prico, until, to'day, tho same inoxorablo law of wupply nnd ‘domand hns brought tho farmor, zlone of all industrial classes, back to tho ante-War pricen for his products ; whilo *“manufactures of all sorts,” as Mr. Fingg uotes from the North American Review, have rison from 60 to 100 per cont.” AIr. Flagg, howe over, scems to havo but a faint idea of the im- portanca of theso words, and the doop meaning thoy havo for kim and for all farmers. Furthor on ho saya : “ Iadircct botter than in- direct taxation? And, if indiroot taxation is ap- proved, should it bo lovied npon luxuries, upon all articles ad valorom, or for what is called pro- toction 7 'Theso aro gravo questions upon which Ihayo not now time to onter, but whoso consid- eration and propor solution are eminontly dosir- able,” Thego aro the quostions, I think, that AMr. Flagg BUOULD MAVE TAKEN TIME to ontor upon and discuvs. What he oays about thiom somnds to mo liko saying to his anditors : I hhold in my hand the koy to tho wolution of onr difiicultios, but, for tho prosent, I will not uso it, Tho sum_and substanco of ' tha * Farmers' Movemont," and their prosent attitwde, may be thus statod : Thoy seo that their businoss hes boon —artificially ~ deproesod fo a point whoro it in mo louger profitable. 'They demnud that tho restrictions upon it shall bo removed, in order that it may again afford them an adequate rowand for thoir toil. But thoy assume that the restrictions which encompaes them hayve been imposed al- most entirely by tho railways, aud thoir domand for relief is uddrossed chiefly, if uot wholly, to the railways, HEREIN THEY ERR, a8 [ think. It zcoms to mo that ke railways are inno great degres x¢apunuihlu for the depros- sion of thoir business, 'To somo extont they aro, without doubt, responsible, but not to on cxtont which would justify saything liko n *war upon railronds,” whick wo hear mentioned every now and thou. Ono othier fallacy, popular among the farmers, in worthy of notize. It is alwuya assumed that o reduction iu the froight-chiurgos for traneport- ing grain from tho intorior {o tho eaboard would be followed by o gain to the shipper of the reduction. In puint of fact, TALIS 18 XOT 50, The reduction would bo divided betweon the producer and tho consumor at each end of the ine. Tho monsure in “which euch would benefit by the rdéduclion would be de- tormined chiefly Dby the supply of tho product to bo shipped. If - tlio nup]ply wore vory rodundant, it 18 safo to nusume that the producer would not bonefit to un extent groater than onc-half of the reduction in Treights, Of Mr. Smith's spocch, ono may say that, s it advancod no argnments, 1ONO uro locesATy in replying toit. Mr. Smith scems to he gradunlly allowing lis foclings to dominate his judgment, and to bo dercending rapidly to the levol of bun- combe-oratory. Somo portious of bis sposch have A DECIDED COMMUNISTIC FLAVOR, bub in Amerien wo can afford to smfle at any such talk. Iis talle about the hovel of tho farmer, and the palaco of the man who handles bis neighbor's woalth, and his as- sortion that the farmors lind organized to pull tho ono down to the lovel of the other, might sound serious in Spuin or in Franco, but liero it is idle vaporing. |Tho report that Mr, Smith anid he was in fuvor of loveling thoe palaco down to the hut was incorrect, What ho did say was, that ho was in favor of loveling the hut up to tho palaco.—Ep. Trmose] Communism is a plant of abnormal growth, and there aro too many hoaithful influcncos opposing it hero evor to nllow it to attain respectablo proportions and wo all know that our farmers would be the last to nourish “' oven wore it adapted to our woil, Mr, Smithls speech, howevor, s mis- chievous in that it lendr hin anditors AWAY FROM THE FACTH which it is nocessnry for them toconsidor roberl: and dispassionntely bofore they will make mucK progross ; and, further, in that it tonds to_ bring upon the movement the disfavor of thinking men who aro noither farmors uor railway-Lords, No good oud is subsorved by an indiscriminate denuneiation of othor people as robbers, thioves, corruptionists, and so on: and, beforo expond- ing 8o much forco in * striking ¥ for thotr rights, thoy liad bottor Jearn whore to strike offectively. Tinvin i1 [roely eriticised the assumptions whicli T consider unirarrantod on the part of the formers, itis only falr to say that [ am in Learty sympnthy with their movement ton great oxtent, and I hope to sea them SAKE TUEIR MARK in contomporary politics, A thorough organiza- tion on their pavt, co-oporativo purclnsing com. binations, a fixed rosolution to Lo ropresonted in Stato und National Councils by their own men, —mon whom thoy ean trust,—will work n Insting Lenolit, not only to themsclvos, but to other good citizons s woll. Our country is nn agrienltural country, und for its prosperity deponds upon tho prospority of the furmor in o grestor du‘;rue than upon thut of any other industrial olass, Ench cluss is schoming for its own advantnge, oud the farmers huvo nced to look nfter their in- torosts mora closely than thoy huve done in the Inst Lwelve yours, “'Lhey do not need any *“ pro- toelion ;" ail thoy uced is A FAUL FIELD AND NO FAVORR, An equalily with other industrinl pusnnits is all they necd ask, but of thiy demand they should not abute one jot. C. 0. G, Lotter from J, Wilkinson, Gonernl Boputy for Pennsylvanin oi the Du- trons of Siushandry. Tu the Lditor of the Plaladelphia ress : Bz Your papar of thie 16th instant containg & statomont that thore aro only nino granges of the Patrons of Husbandry in’ Ponneylvania, I wish to corroct this statoment, Thoro’are thir- teon organized and flvo more awaiting organiza- tion, making elghtoon in all, and the foundation by boon lnid for mora thun ono hundred moro, ‘s is two moutlw' work_of ono Doputy oul; Ina fow weoke the State Grango will he orr 1zod ut Reading, and a corps of Dopution soloct- ed from wmougs the faimors of your Stato will Do put into the field, and thon you oannot sny that **at the Kast the growth of the granges hus been slow,” I would like to say, further, that your inde- pondent course us u Journalint had led muny ot us who bave the Interest of thin organization st hourt to hope thut wo would fiud in tho Z'ress falr honring, and porbaps s friond. But tho tono of your papor has disappolnted us, and to me, at lonst, it seems your symputhios aro not with the struggling farmor, buton tho othor side. You scom every fow days to find some new opportuuity to givo uy & passing blow, aud to charactorizo our offorts to- brank the iron yolko of tbo monopolisty, as’'you do in_your lssuo of the 16th instant, a ** folly or o orimo ;" and that in trying to ocurb tho growing power of rallrond monopoly, by puiting thom undor tho wholekomo ' reatraint of law, * wo havo committod n most unfortunato blun- dori” and o little furthor on you ,tall ua.! # wo farmors nre outting our own nouea off," by what you aro plensad Lo term onr * nssault upon rallrond proporty.” If by “ aenult * you moan Lo convoy tho idea that wo encourago or practico violonco to railronds, or railrond property, wo indignantly dony ho chorge, and assort that raflrond pmlmrty 18 a3 sato and ua woll protooted in Btntes whoro this organization numbers its mombors by hundreda of thoussnds as it is in Btates whoro tho organization is not known, - You furthor say : * In this country it ia gon- orally underatood that this movement to rogu- Inte “rnilroad froight obarges by Inw, hea alroady proved o Jamontablo failuro, which hes disgustod ite originators, and is not llknlfl,. thereforo, to ) rnnfi." Whoroor whon ? we asit, Wo aro nwaro that an atiompt Is boing made in 1llinois by the railrond compames and their or- gane, ns well as outside that Btate, to croats tho impression that the recont increnso of freight chnrges in that Biate waa tho neconsary and logit- imato result of tho law recontly adopted by that Btato, or, in the words of ono of tho _railrond or~ gnns, *'the lnw must be mado odious” that other Btates mnfl bo deterrod from enacting sim- ilar lnwa, But this attempt to browbent tho poo- lo has, to use your own, words, ‘‘proved a amantablo failuro.” Tho good work will go on in other States and Congross will be required to rogulato tho commerce botwoen the Statos, as it ought to havo done long ago, and settlo forever thiy whole quostion. Yon toll us furthor: * Tha only logitimate ond officiont romedy for the transportation problem lics in unlimited compoetition. I am surprised that such a_position aa the above should bo takon in s Btate whoro two or threo railrond companies have not only bought up and control nil compoting luos but whoro they havo succeedad, either by fair or foul means, in gotting tho possession and control of the canala ownod by tho Stato, 8o as to dostroy all compe- tition, and this is only & sample of” what thoy bave douo and are doing everwhere, Wo have taxed ourselves to tho lfinil of our ability to ob- tnin compotition, and this, too, has ** proved a lamontable failuro.” Liko the slaye powor of other days, the railronds want to bo lot alono, but we bavo silently borne their oxtortion too long. 'I'ruly yours, J. WILKINSON. A RPIPE CHARLESTON, ILL. Death of a MurdererssFatal Railrond Accident. CuanvEsToy, 1L, Aug, 17, 1873, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: Bi: David H. Drako, otfe of the prisoners in tho Langston murder trial, which took place some throo or four months sinco, at the spring torm of Lho Circuit Court here, died yosterday in the County Jail at this placo, from the burning recoivod during the fire of the 3d inst,, when tha County Court-ITouse and Jail was in dangor of destruction by fire, It seems that thoe prisoners woro troubled with vermin, in tho shape of bod- bugs, about thelr cells, and used korosono s o ‘moans of gotting rid of thom,—thoresult boing a, firo, which originated in Drake's cell, and during’ which ho recsived severe burns on the neck, shoulders, arms, and sides. Drake was formor- 1y an employo of the Pan Mandle Road, ruuning ou tho Eastern Division, botween Defiison, O., and Pittsburgh, Pa., and was arrestod on tho Tth of March Inst, chargod with the murder of Naney Laugston and Mary Enster, near Para- dise, in Lhis conuty. During tho last session of Court hero, ho wag found guilty by a_jury, and soutonced fo tho Stato Ponltentiary for ninety- nino yonrd, but way awardod a new_trial by the Conrt, and o chnugo of vonuo to Edgar County. On Friduy lnst, an accidont eccurred at tho crossing of the Bmbarrass Rivor, 244 miles east of this placo, which resultod in the donth of an unknown man,—~whether from suicide or nat, wo are unablo to !niy. He was a brakeman in tho employ of tho Indisuapolis & Bt. Louis Rail- road, nnd had beon sont forward to flag au ap- pronching train. Ho mosted _himself di- roetly on the track, and romainod in that position until atruok by tho expross train . goiug weat, which ho had been sent to flag. Ho was brought lero, and lived until 9a.m, on Baturday morning. From papers found on his poréon, it apponrs Lo s from Michigan, but nothing furthoer can bo learned concorning him. Whother ho camo to his death through. caroless- nosy or suicido, thore is no means of flnding oud.’ —_— Who Pays? From the Roston Daily Advertiser, If thoroe ehould bo a disagreoment botweon the Prosident of a savings bauk or trust company and its Auditor, resulting in the retivomont from tho Compuny of the latter, aud tho Prosident should then publicly charge him with hoving beon removed for insubordination and incompe- toncy, and ho should publicly allege in his de- fence that tho gole causo of tlio Presidont's dis- satisfaction with bim was his rofusal as Anditor to certify tho correctness of accounts which ho Inow tohavo beon faloifid by the Presidont, and the aaid Prosident ghould thon, without any oxplicit donfal of this, lnunch upou tho pross an overwhelming amount of aduertising patronage, ingoniously contrived to load the public min: away from the truo 188uo, who lought to pay for this advertising—the Company or the President limself? This queation is respectfully submitted to the policy-holders of tho Mutual Life Insurauce Company, of Now York, hundreds of whom are, doubtlees, readers of tho Advertiser. It is of somo materinl intorcst to them, In roply to tho card of Shoppard Homans, lately printed in tho Adverliser, stating_ rather pungently why My, Winston, then Prosident, wished lo get rid of him, u very custly sdvorlisomont in going through tho leading newspapers from one ond of tho country to the other, and the nearest it comos to ausworing omans' damning nccusa~ tion against the Prasideut—not agninst the Com- Knuy—is this: “Mr, Homaus was removed from is position in this Company for sufliciont caune, by tho unanimous action of its Board of Trustoos.” For anything that appoars in this voluminous and irrolovant advortisoment, the thirty-six 'ruptoos whoso nemes aro upponded to it iy Linve * unanimously " 1emoved Mr. Homans, if thoy over did anything of the sort, just because he rofused to andit false accounts. “'I'he money is thrown away, even as a defonse of VWinston, and the Company lias not been attacked. How long are the policy-lolders going to allow Win- ston to fight his bateles with their money, ospe- cially when ho hins nothing better than the Chi- B woupons of fog aud fragennca to_opposo to Minie bafls ? Erizun Waiour, Aug, 0, 1873, —_——— Soldiers of the War with Mexico. A mooting of the soldiors of the war with Mex- ico was held at Monmouth, Tll,, Aug. 18. An or- ganization was formed, to bocalled tho * Mox- icon War Holdlers' Assoclation,” with Col, John G, Fondn as Presidont, aud 8. W. Bmith s Ssflrntnly. ‘The following resolutions were adopt- ed: Wienzas, Thero never has boon, sinco the clase of tho war with Moxico, sny mensurea of adequote roliaf nssed by Congress, by which thoso who sefved thero- in could bo benefitod ;. and Wiy, Wo think tho timo has como when 4 In necensnry for _concerted action by tho fw surviving roldiors "to take such ntops to presout thir clsims to Gongress for conslderation ; therefaro, icwolved, 'Thot wo bavo fortned ourselves futo an s~ sociution for that purpose, and_also to keop activo tho remembrances of thoso days which brought ue {0ge- ther on tho tonted fleld in 1 forelgn land, Resolved, 't wo cordislly invite corrospondonce from otlwr liko newociations, and from - soldfers Hhirougliont tho eountry Rewolved, 't all voldiers who sorved in the Moxican War aro xespeetfully iuvited to unite with this Asgucla~ tlon, Recolved, That this Assoclation wiil mect with any meeling of tho Mexican War Holdiere fora grand ro. unfon, ot sonio poiut in tho Missisxippi Valloy, during tho eointayg ful. Itesolvedy 'Tht this Association invite all the soldiors i tho Meziean War who wish to unite with It, to send to tho Beerotary thelr names, compuny, regluiont, sud post-ofiico nddress, The noxt mooting of the Assoclation will bo hold at Monmouth, IiL, on the third Tuesday of October, 1874, R = A Macmuhon, MacMahon Jives retived, unostentatious lite ; and though ho displayed oxtraordinary pomp, when sont, & fow yoard 8go, on an enibauy [u Prussin, bis mannora aro unprotonding und- his dross plain, Ilo scldom uphoary in uniform, aud tho only mark of distinclion he woars is the red ribbon of the Liegion of onor. 1lis mout marked charnoteristics aro a love of ohildien and a fondnoss for study., Io made a triumphant ontry Into Milan™ in 1859, with a little glrl, who had offored hima nosogay, porched upon his holutors. Xo is probably as woll versed in military history as Faidhorbe, aud {s often busy with s child and mnfx npon Dl kneon, 1lis favorite smusoment Is nllnfi, In wocloty ho s #hy, almost sad, and socmy ill at easo, 1o likos to'sauntor about the boulovard, with his hands in his pockots and a oigar etornally in Lis month, whon ho fa not on horsoback; and ho is scon to most advantage at Lowo, . surrounded by his fawily, "INDIAN ATROGITIES, The Magsacre at Old Camp ' Brown. Two Elderly Women Ravished and Shot, Ineffoctual Pursuit of the Murderers by United States Cavalry. Wide-Spread Dovastatlon Prevented by the Prompt Action of the Military. From Our Qwn Correspondent, CAnr BrampAvGn, Wyo, Ter,, Aug, 15,1873, Tho most droadful Indisn murder that has boon cominltted sinco the death of Geu. Canby, ocourrod at Old Camp Brown, Wyoming Torrito- 13, on tho 24th of July, 1873, OLD CAMP BROWN i8 located on tho Po-po-agio River, n tributary of Wind River, snd, until about two yoars ago, was garrigoned by soldlors, who were then moved about 12 milos farthor down, whoro they eslab- lished tho prosent Camp Brown, which is on the Littlo Wind River, The old camp was comploto- ly dismantled, and only o fow sottlors lived in tho noighborliood. Both of the esmps horo ro- forred to are on tho Shoshoneo or Snake Indian Ronorvation, aud the wottlers who nro living hera havo been hore romo timo, and actually ro- sided on the gronnd before the Rosorvation was oatablished. AMONG OTHER BETTLERS residing horo was o Mrs, Richards, n native of Vermont, who had lived on the Pacific Coast for sevoral yoars, and who was highly rospected. With bher lived hor cousin, Mrs. Iall. Thoy were both advancad in years, sud, boing uttorly helploss, connldered that no ono would molest them. Thero waa no house within a milo of their cabin, with the oxception of ono which was oc- cupied by two mon, who wero carrying on a con- sidorable farm, On the mornlng of tho 24th of July, the mon had all loft tho placo, beiug engaged in their various pursuits ; and this wasthe timo choson by tho Indians for making thoir attack. It is supposed they approachod the house under thoe guiso of friondly Indiaus, and sctunlly cutored it, at tho samo time holding out a papor to ropre- sout & pass from the Indian Agent. It e quite a common thing for friendly Indians to bo pass- ing along tho rond from their Agency, 12 miles distant ; and but littlo would have beon thought of it had thoy boen soon, though, strangoly enough, no ono eaw thom. Mrs, Richards and her cousin WERE BHOT,— tho former in tho loft temple, the latter immedi- ately under tho loboe of the loft car. Both balls ranged upwards, omorgivg from tho top of tho hond, aud smashing the boues gonerally. Those woro. the only bullet- wounds. Mra, Mall was shot in tho ab- domen with an arrow, aud Mra. Richards treated in such o way that modesty forbide tho dotails. Tho womon woro found lying in each of tho ro- mota corners of the room, and, judging from the direction of the piatol-wounds, their position, and the attitude in which they wero found, thero is no doubt that thoy were first ravished, then ehot as they lay. No other wounds woro found upon them, nor were thoy sealped. Aftor thoy had completed thoir fiendish work, the Indiaus UOLDED THE HOUSE, brosking open the trunks, sud scattering tho clothing of tho womon in all directions, 'They carried off o gold watch and o silver watch, aud & congiderable amount of - money in groenbaoks, The Indiaus do not appear.to have beon in auy particolar hurry, as thoy made s clonn and pers foct destruction of uvor{\thing. After they had got through insido of tho houso, thoy wont out amon& tho cattle, and amused thomselves for a congidorablo time by sliooting arrows into thom, Quito & number woro killed, while others will ro- cover from tho effects of their wounds. All around and about tho houso were scattered the garmonts and apparolof tho unfortunate women, and ovory means was teken to make the work ag fiondish nnd cruel as it was in the power of the savages to mako it,—they seeming to gluatin tho dreadful businoss thoy had in hand. MRS, L. L. RIGHARDS haa loft four children living, nawely ;: Lucinda, married o James II. Brown, and living at Helona, Mont,; James Iloury, living at Sun Diego, Cal.,; Nollio, marricd to Honry Kelsy, living’ noar Omah, Neb.; sud Clars, living in Ban Francisco. 'wo duys boforo Mra. Richards was murdored, X was at hor houss, und asked Lor Whfl whe lived 80 lonosome and_exposed & lite, BSho roplied $hat she approhended no daugor ; that hor son who lives in 8an Diogo had visited hor Iast fall and porhaps hio would come up again this fall and fake up his pormanent rosidence with her, Bhe enid gho bad a good hord of cattlo, plenty of land fit for cultivation, aud waa independeut in o modest way, Thers seomed to bo a fatality hanging ovor the wholo thing, and sho scouted the idea of thero boing the slightest dangor. Blio suid sho and hor cousin wore good rifle-shots, and had two rifled ready for service, with un ample supply of smmunition, So firm & faith I never saw be- fore, and sho enid the Indiaus would in no event tako the lives of two lous aud helpless women. Indeod, she soemed to have a hallucination upon the subjoct, aud said sho had reccived assur- sncos from tho Croator that she would mot bo harmed in any woy. Bubsaquent” ovonts have proved that the In- dinus had boen WATCHING THE ROAD for sovoral ‘doys, and had, in fact, & camp in the “mountaing, where thoy could soo everything that wa8 going on in the valley, and woro us woll ju- formod as to what was going on as the Inhab~ itanta thomaelvos, w Col. A, G. Brackott, of tho Sccond Cavalry, commanding the District of tho Wind River, witha Enrly of goldiers, had stopped over night near the houso, whilo on his way from Ormp Stambaugh to Camp Brown, and had again stop- od & ghort time on his return, a dey and a half Euforo tho massacro took placo, The Indians, from their eyry, wore looking down, and making their proparations for tho attack, as soon as the soldiors should disappear. Their camp was woll golected, noar good wator and pasturage, and thie cannies, or wigwams, wero mado with groat care. Indeod, tho camp eeems to have boon golectod with o viow to the commission of some dreadful ontrage, und, for mauy days, tho savagos had waited for a favorable” opportunity to carry out their quul'us. They seom to have boen in no haste, kept thomselves carefully con- coaled, and prepared with doliboration to carry out their dreadful schome. Bg' sunsot on the day the murdors woro com- mitted, & company of cavalry was on the way to the sceno of the butchery, and arrived thore about midnight. ‘he next morning early, . THEY WERE UFON TILE THAIL, and followed it assiduously all day, makmng about 46 milea. The trail was plain, us thoroe weoro omo twonty or thirty Indians, and along tho way at intervals were found articles which liad been stolen from the house, The soldicrs went to thie camp whioh had boen ouuurlud by tho savages, aud thence continued on until night- fall. At tho camp, the number of Indiana had boon iucrensed ubout oue-half, In the morning, a maceasin-track was found in eamp, and, from this oiroumstanco tho koldiors know that the In- dians Lad found out that thoy woro followed, Liout, Wheolan had with him the effective strongth of Company B, Socond Cavalry ; and, entlyon the morning of the second dny, was again on the track, which ho followed all day, nieking o march of some 60 milen. Toward evoniug, o hoavy xain snd hail-storm eame on, which washoed ot all sigus of the trail, nnd tho soldiors wore obliged to look about for wator, as thoy had had nono for thomsolves or animal: for twonty-four hours. ] About 4 ‘miles awny, & small lako was discovered, and there tho mon roated during the night. 1t is the opinion of Lioutd, Whoolau aud Robingon that the Indlans bolonged either to tho Bioux, Arspshoes, or Ohoyennes,—It is impossiblo ut this timo to tell whicl, though it 18 hoped the investigation will not conso untif the murdorors are found out and Lrought to justico. Tioluctantly tho soldiers wero obliged to ro- turn to tholr camp, and leave the misereants TO GO UNPUNISNED for the present. Tho guide could do nothing tqward followiug auy farther, aud it way usolosy to try to do moro ; but the dny may como whon theso Indiana will bo discoverod, ; Iu all its dotaily, thin is . most slckening nf- fair, and has thrown n gloom ovor this wholo noction of country, Frontlor-poople must con- tinuo to sullor, and this will bo the onso a8 ong Ay thoro aro any Indians left to pursie their cours of rapine nud murder, It can hordly bo nid in thia case that tho whites wore the g rouniors, Thero woro two holplos fomnlon, liv- ng n harmiosn lifo, nd_endonvoring to mako nn honest living, hurried into otornity undor oir- oumstances of tho pimnmc atrocity. Thoy hnd: Larmod no ono, wishod to-harm no one, and only anked to Do loft in qulob, But tho.Indlann wait~ od for o favorablo opportunity aud thon foll up- on thom when they know uo Lolp was near, Many murdora have boen committod in North- w::lom Wyoning within tho past fow yoars, NONE OF THEM NAVE EQUALED TilI8 for studied cruelty and ueult to tho white racs, It in bolloved the Indiaus en; agod aro now upon Bomo rosorvation; and, if ufia is really the ense, thoy ought to bo found. Our peaplo “have But: forod enougl, in all consclonce, during this yoar, at the hands of the savages; and some courso ougght to Lo dovised by which thoy may bo e~ voroly punished. - Tho prDml)t action of the mi\lur‘i,' probab; enved tho wholo valley from belng devastated, as tho Indinns woro in sufliciont strongih to havo dono it had they boen ‘#o inclined.. Tho gront body of Sunke *warriors, who aro friondly, aro ahaont from the Agonoy, hunting in the moun- snins,—thoro boing only somo elght or ton braves, undor Batisto, romaining to gunrd the women, ohildron, and old men. Thoy may haye intendad to FINIOT THE WORK OF DESTRUGTION § but, finding tho covalry hot upou thelr track, wore glad to got ont of tho country as soon na le{ could, "Thoy nbaudoned many articlos in thelt eamp and nlong tho routo of their rotrot. Iurriedly. they went to tho oastward, loaving yory many things which are dear to tho honrt of an “Indian; but thoir stay in this country hnd boen nufliciently long for them to cast the shadow of woa upon ouo’ peacoful houschold, lenving nonr rolativos to mourn for those who had been taken away, FOR MALIONANT ORUFLTY, no man living can oqual an Indisn ; his wholo mind gooms to be givon up to the inveution of now mothoda and rolentless slaughter. What fiaud it can do sy man to intliot pain upon umb animals, it is dificult to understand ; but in mere wantonness they do it, and gloat over it in a way that is sickening to contemplate. Bovoral deprodations Lave boon committed this summor noar tho mining sottloments by Indians, which have first boon attributed to ono tribe and then to anothor. It is not inpossiblo that ol of them havo been commilted by TIIS SAME DAND OF INDIANS, who havo sent out small parties from their main camp in tho mountaing, bofore alluded to. Fhoy had fixed up nvurylhmq about them as if thoy intonded to stay.; but this last outrage was tao much, and they had ?pnarnd in auch numbors as to bo oasily” followed. Iudeed, thoy took no paina to conceal thoir trail, but made it as plain a8 could bo by throwing on it the things which had been stolon from tho house of Mra, Riche .ards, The hard-onrnod savings of many years, woro thus thrown away and ecattored, and a hn{)p{v houschold rondered desolate. t {8 morely n quostion ot time for all the sot- tlors 1n the valloy TO BE KILLED OFP, s the Sioux, Arapshees, sud Cheyennes want no Dotter pastimo than crossing over from thoir Tesorvation to the reservation of the 8nakos, and there murdering all pgople who fall in thoir way, It .8 all vory woll totalk of peaco; but, with butchered women lying noar by, it scoms like abuoluto mockory. It is n mystery to mo why the scttlors continue to live awny out horo on this oxposed frontier, when they could probably do much better were they to go bnck to wome of tho older-sottled Btaies, and thero carry on their farming opora- tione, But I supposo thore must bo pionoors, and some peoplo muat live on tho frontier. Ii ig a thaulkless 1ifo nb best, and one which hns not many comforts and advantagos. Thereisa cortnin class of American peoplo who would b unhnppy auywhero excopt on the remote bordora of our connéry, whero the tomahawlk and scalp- ing-knife are In constant use, Thero aro poor people, too, who caunot got a home elsewhero, and who aro porforce obliged to do the bost they can in moking their_way in tho world, They Linvo vory little indeod to start with, and it scoms vory sad to think that littlo should be taken away from thom; butso it has beon, and so it will'be to the ond of the chaptor, THERE SEEMS NO WAY by which tho murdor of Alrs, Richards and Mrs, all could havo been averted. There were no men near the house, and tho attack was made ao B“ddunl{ that they had no time to escape. There i an old stockado in the camp, in which thero are loop-holes for mugketry, and a dozon reso- lute mon could guard thomselves succossfully against a largo numbor of Indinus; buc tha womou could not got thoro, and, evon' if there, thoy hnd no mon to holp them, and so foll vic~ fims to tho savages, Tho thing was dono at onco, and tho women wore overpowered bofore thoy wore nwaro of it. Mra, Richards had beon sick for some timo, and, whon I visited her houso, less than two day beforo her death, she wasnnable to_ sit up, but Lad ber bed made up on the floor, botween . two windows, whero she could get the bonotit of the broeze, ns tho weather was quite warm, Bho was sufforing from an sttack of mountain-fover, and nover roxo from hor bod again. Sho was a womnmu of great intelligonce aud much strongth of charnetor, aud had spont many yoara of her lifo in the Wout. I trust her murderars may meot with just punishmont. Avrgenna. : - THE GRENADA RIOT. Tho Recent Attempt by Armed’ Nee grocs to Scize o Mississippt Town, Memphin (dug, 18) Correspondence of the Louisville Courier-Journal, By tho arrival of & prominent citizon of Gronada I am ablo to give you the particulars of tho disgracoful negro riot that occurred on Sat-. urdny ot Grenada. The facts statod in a formor lottor and in your dispatchoa are substantially correct, but do not uanvo{ the slightost idoa of tho oxcitoment that provailed at Grenada or at the towns along tho Missinalvpl & Tennessco and Mieuiuslp]iu Contral Railroads when the nows of tho raid was telographed, and sproad liko wildfiro. At Coflcovillo 100 mon gathored in half an Lour, and telographed the Gronada authorition of their willingnoss to start at a momont's notice. At Water Valloy 200 men collected at tho dopot, whero n spocial train was kopt stand- ing upon the track roady to move rapidiy to_the soat of war should the (ronads ofticors soud by wire the magic word Como, andalong both roads at thie difforent stations groups of men collected, armed in overy conceivablo manner, and roady to go; but all, if by mutuel agreemont, waited for tho summons from tho beloaguerad ofiicials, and the information of the reinforcoments col- locting In 8o gront & numbor having in tomo manuer leaked out, was communicated to tho mob, and that alone, perhaps, saved Gronada from dostruction by fire, to suy uothing of the murders that would have been committed by the excited blacks. Tho origiu of tho riot ia ono Prico, a carpet- bag Sonntor, ywhoso commanda the negroos obey lmplicitly, and who would hiave hud thom hold a convontion in Gronadn but for his short-sight- oduess in not keoping whisky away from them, a8 many wora drunk whon thoy eamo to town, and ono, & Oaptain, was 80 bolsterous that a po- Ticoman ‘attemptod to arrost bim, and roceivod for hik offort o stunning blow over his hoad from » cocked revolver, which tho nogro held in his hand. Assistance was thon enllad, and the no- gro rowdy arrosted, when tho nogrocs rallied, and, overpowoering tha whitos, recaptured their hond devil, and drove tho officer and his osso soveral ¢ squares, firing their pis- ols aftor them, but fortunately hit no- body, “Then it was that the ontire mulo poition of the city gathered in a body, snd, mmking a sorlie, camo upon tho negroes and took from them the man wanted by tho police, but only held him a_fow momonts, a8 tho ontire mob threatened all sorts of vongeance wnless ho was givon up; and, upon their request belng rofusod, about 100 of thom gathorod around tho party of eight or ton who had him in charge, and, with cocked guns and pistols, again tools him and noved off towardsthowoods, Itwas at this juncturo that the tolograma were sont to the neighboriug towns, and the assistance got- ton as atnted ubova, Tho nogroos, or thomiost of thom, then loft tho town, many threatoning that {t would bo burned bofore another weol rolled around, which wo alarmed tho citizons that a potrol-guard was kept in the stroot all night bofore lzst sud last night. Prico, the carpot-bag Bonator, dnrln’; thio affray, wag com- fortably stowed away In his houso, and did not ttonnpt to quiot tho wiogrocs until compollod to do o by ono or two of tho most influontial mon of tho placo. Ho has said, and It is gonorally bolieved by londing mon_of both partios, thut thioro wiil Bo troublo ¢ (roundn ua voll a ny othior placos in tho Btato at tho coming olootion, and sovernl gentlomen with whom your cor- rospondont haw conversed rogarding tho mattor stata that the nogroos, led by these unprincipled whito mon, will sweop everything before them when the contost comon ; and, in antivipation of this, thoy will all romove tholr familios and fur- nituro from the locality eevoral days provious to tho election, unless measures aro’ takon to pre- vout au outbroak or upssing, CHICAGO & PADUCAH RAILWAY. Opening of a New Thorough- fare to the South. The Coal of the Vermilfon---Trade with the South, Through Trains to the Gulf Cities, Chicago’s Interest in the Prosper- ity of the South, The Chicago & Paducah Railway was.opensd to Windsor, in Bhelby County, Iil., aomo 200 miles south of Obloago, on Wodnosday last. "This rond Lins boon oxtonded southward so quietly that oven tho namo of it is comparativoly une known to our lending businons-mon. As yot, it bas no soparato entranco into tho city, but it will ot be long boforo its inoreasing business will forco it to como 1n on its own track. For tho o« commodation of the peoplo along ita lino, passens gera loavo in o soparata car by the rogular morn. ing train on the Alton & 8t. Loufs Railway, and ato switchod off and attached to tho early train which lind loft the Ohicago, Burlington & Quincy Toad, via Ottawa and Stroator. Tho peopls slong tho lino of the Ohicago & Paduoah Rosd ean srrive and loave tho city either by the Chicaga & Burlington or the Chicago & Alton Railway. LOOATION OF THE ROAD. ‘With any good map of Illinois bofore him, the roader can readily undorstand the location of the rond. It now commencos at Stroator, 10 milos south of Ottawa, which place is roached b #ho ain Lino and Fox River Branch of tho Chi- ongo, Burlington & Quincy Railway. Tho Main Line ot the INlinois Contraland the ChicagoBranch aro about 40 miles apart for n long “distanco. The Paducah Road runa s noar as may bo half- woy botweon them, thus affording mony con- voniont railway fecilitios to a large nud very rich diatrict of country, It has boon formally oponed to Windsor, in Shelby Couuty, soma 200 miles gouth of Chicago. A section of 25 miles ie soon to ba built, which will connect. Windsor with Albamont, on the Springfield & Southeast- orn Railway, with which running arraugomonta aro to bo mado for considorably moro thau 100 miles south to Cypress Junction, ¢ milos north of Shawnootown. Henee, to open this now ling botwoon Ohicago aud that famous old. town on tho Obio roquires the building of only 25 miles of rond, Of courss, tho sooner that can be dono, the bottor, Dotween Cypross and Paducal, tho distance is only 60 miles, Tho lino will run through Massac, Popo, and Hardin Countios, devolopiny ono of tho bost-timbored and richest minor districts of tho Btate. Judgo L. B, Trimble, of Paducal, the Prosident of this section of tho road, moro than confirma all wo havo hoard of tho fabulous wealth of ITardin County in coal, iron, and lead, ~Mr. Hinckloy will unito all his enorgies with thoso of Judgs Trimblo and other capitalists to cnm&!‘nto this G0 miles of rona within a yoar. Mr. Hinckloy thinka he can bring tho superior iron-ores of Hardin Couuty to the Joliot Iron and Steol Works cheapor than ho can got supplioa from Lake Buperior, It will bo of more ndvantago to our city than our poople are awaro, to have dircct railway-commuuication with the immenso minoral doposits of Hurdin County, and thus bove their untold riches brought within their grasp. Probably, boforo two yenrs havo rlasud away, the railway-bridge ot Paducal will bo fluehed, thus connecting Ohicago with the ontire railway-system of the South. Trains, with sleopers and day-paluce- cars attached, will leave overy morning nud even- ing for Momphis, Now Orleans, Mobile, and all tho othor loading citics of the Bouth, Whon tho 76 milos of road, and tho bridge at Paducah, aro comdplawl, it will be a shoit job, %n;l‘ ;unn completod, for the Paducah road to ui A BEPATATE LINE from Btrestor to this city. Tho road will have n very diract course through tho Wilmington conl- flolds to the Joliot Iron Works and to Chicago. The men to whom Chicago owes this _now avenuo wonlth ara T. E. Hiuckloy, Erq.; and Cols. W. H. W. Cughe man, of Ottawa, and Plumb, of Stroator. They have shown great overgy In its accomplishment, and shrowdness in waiting to got a diroct en- trance into tho city till tho business of their road shall forco our poople to give it welcomo, As this rond runs almost duo south, under the action of our Illinois Railway law, it will have A HARD SIRUGGLE for business betwesn this city and the towns along its lino, No law could possibly have been framed more ‘directly in _the interest of St. Louis on the one side, and tho cities on Lako Erie and enstward, and againat Chicago. On its way to Paducah, this road must cross at least fiftoen onst sud west liues. Ag it lios near Indiavn, and must make uniform rates Jor its entire distanco, it cannot expect much, if sny, business from points at and near its oross- ings. Tho reason iy, that tho cast aud weat lines can 8o arrange their tariffa in our Stato, nnd thouce eratward, as to scoure all tho business at tho competing points. Undor the iaw, both our of city and this rond must suffor, overely for soma . manths to como. It i8 tob enrnestly hoped that our wiso mon, whon the Legislature meots, will bo ablo to doviso #omo amondments which will meot tho case, and romedy the ovils under which we all now suffor. Somo ides may bo formed of tho resources of tho country along this new line whon wo state that tho Goueral Froight Agent, Mr. Shumway, reccived ordors on Woduesday for 165 cars. But, 08 au avonue for business with THE HOUTL, this road will find its largest support. Porhapa our own city, aud cortainly Illinois, have n very largo intorest in tho rostoration of tho induatrios of tho Houthorn soction of tho Union, Its largest industry hes thus far proved to bo tho raising of cotton ; and no chaugo is likoly evor to bo minde in its dovotion to tho culturo of this cssential ataple. Illinois osn supply the Bouthern Statcs with corn, bacon, and most other articles of food, choaper than they can be found elsowhero, The prosparity of the South would wolve tha transportation question for our farm-products for, sny, tho wouthern half of our Btate. True, our Board of Trade would not, to & very large oxtont, have the handling of those products ; but it would increaso the prico of what must pass through their hands from the other soctions, for thoy would bo relieved from tho competition of what would bo drawn off to supply the Southorn market. With tho bridgo wmpfl!ted at Paducab, aud the fifty miles of railway to conncet at or near Shawnaelown, and the athor small link, thero can bo'no doubt that Sontliorn plantera will draw moro of their Bup- plios of food from tho rich prairies of Illinois. Aud then the travol from the South in summer, and to it in winter, must largoly incronso with tho prosperity aud tho bottor acquuintauce of tho two sections, T'ho more drafts sldo markots can mako upon tho vast surplus that otherwise would come to this city, the better oven tor us, provided that surplus goos to n rogiou othorwise dependont upon Cfils city. Biuco _ tho cuanlutlnll of the Northwestern Railway through the lumber distriots of Weatern Wikconsin to 8t. Paul, wo aro told that Bolvidoro hes not shipped o bushol of corn to this eity. It all goes north to supply the Jumborman ; whilo, in roturm, that town supplies tho lumbor to all the surrounding villages, This tends to enrich both the farmors of tho Rock Itiver Valley and tho lumbermon in Western Wisconsin ; aud it is roally of yantago to Chicaga thun it the Board of Ty handled both the corn and tho lumbor, for tho pooplo thereby Leuofited will liavo ,tho more money to invest in our manufactures and mer- ohandiso. The samo principles precisely would rompt to the sonding of our farm-products to {‘lm South. Our Lusiuoss man have, thorefore, good reason to rejoice in the nipnnlng of the Chi- &R0 & Paduoah Ruilroad, for it will opon & mar- kot to & largo part of our Btato for their farm- roducts, and contributo dlmallf' aud largely to l’hn prospority aliko of tho South and our own State, and, thoroforo, rendor thom bottor cus- tomers for the othor products of our city’ in« dustrios. BTREATOR, The party who passed over the Paduocal Road had an opportunity Lo visit thio coal-mines ot Birontor, All woro delighted with thoir trip 100 foot Dbelow the wurface, Tho weam is six feot thick, and the coal of oxcollent quali- ty. Even tho scroonings aro sent up to Joliot, and, aftor washing, an_oxcollont coke Is mada from them, to supply the furnaces aud the wills for rolling steel aud’iron raila, Btreator is only fiva years old, sud yot 1,000 tons of conl are ahipped from thoso minak por day. It is in- tonded to incronse tho force by winter so that 2,000 tons per day may be shipped, and {ct the mnnagers liave good reason to boliove thls large amount will fail to uup‘il[vl tho demsnds that will bo mado upon them, The davelopment of the .conl intorouts in our Btato for tho past fow years 1 sbout sy wouderful as oven tho growth of Obiesgo,