Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 3, 1873, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO DAILY RIBUNE: SUNDAY, [AUGUST 3, 1873. e e === = 7. THE VERDICT. Decision of Mayor Medill in the Sheridan-Waghburn Imbroglio. The Former Roproved, ond the Latter Roprimanded, An Able Review ot the Law and the Facts, Bherldan Growls, and Threatens to Appeal to the Council, Tho Board of Police mot at the ususl hour yosterdny afternoon, President Cloveland in the chair. Only Commissioner Shoridan was pros- eut. Aftor sovernl applications for snloon li- consos had beon passed upon, the Mayor's Secre- tary camo into the room nud handed a formidable tuoking document to the Presidont, unying, ot tho sumo time, that it was from ITis Houor tho Mayor. Tho President looked at the suporscription on tho onvolopo, turned it ovor, and seomed to at- tempt to ascertain its weight. Shoridan looked .at Lim and suggosted that tho envolope be oponed, ond the communieation read. Tho Prostidont said ho had an idon what it was about, but in tho abeonco of Commissionor Wright did ot liko to satinfy Mark's curiosity. Heaccording- Iy lcckod up tho packago in his drawer, and koptit thero until Commigsioner Wright came in, which ~was about o quarter of 3 o'clock, When the rop- resentativo of tho North Side was seated, the documont wag takon out of tho drawer, snd & glonce at it showing that it was tho Mayor’s do- cision in the Sheridan-Washburn controversy, a nuotion to placo it on filo was ngreed to. Com- missioner Sheridan desired to bear it rend, and the Beerotary complied. The decision is as fol- lows: o the Roard of Police Commissioners : @ErTLEMEN ¢ In the matter of the complaint of Ar, Mark Stieridan, Polleo Commissioner, v, Mr, Elner Wasburn, Buperintendont of Police, in which the for- uor prefery gravo chiarges agalnst tho lattor, 1 ind tho caso very complox and peouliar, sud difficult of satire factory solution, us u brief statémont of it as prosentod Defors me will ehow : On the 22 ult, I rocelyod o communication from Commisxioner Sherldan, duted July 18, 187, charging Supt, Washburn with conduct towards bim, {n the pres- enco of tho Loard, unbecoming an officer nud o gentloman, and reciling tho alleged offensiva words sud gesturts, On thio samo day 1 roceived a communi- cation sfgned by {ho two other membera of tho Joard, 4 protesting ugolust auy suspension of the Superiu. tendent, oa they belfoved that upon an fnvestigation of the facts X would find tho provucatiou given by tho membor making tho churges was go great nu to greatly uilinto tho disreopectful languago by tho Superintend- ent, if not to justify it." With_theso divéreo views of tho mcmbors of tho Polico Board before e, it bocamo neces- eery 10 go Into an juvestigntion of tho sffair to ancortain what oceurrcd, aud tho causo of it Accordingly I cited tho Polieo Commisioners and Buperintendent to appear ot the Mayor's oflico t 3 p, 21, of the 26th lt., o testily {n tho case, A lengthy aud ecarching exainination of all tho casential facts conuected with (o affair was had, _Abl6 counsel qiics tioned snd cross-questioned tho principals, the Con mtesloners, tho Becretaries of the Board, and the b standers who were preseut during the bitter roerin s and vituporative Tolorts wiich passed between Conunlssioncr ond Superintendent, Tho heat tho langusge amployed on both siden %o s olmost to obliterato “tho recolivetion of waa sald from tho minds of the wmvzed wpeclutors who hioard i, sud who were tnblo 1o Ui disjointed frugments of it, Taking ol wvidenco together, Taur impreased with the Secling that overiooking tho'law nnd misspprohendiug 1o motives of tho Superintendent on tho part of tha Commisvioner wer tho chicf eauses of tho subscquent futemperato Janguugy aud loss of femper, Dut £ am ot prepured 10 balieve tha tiie Commiissoner willfully and knowingly overstopped his fegal suthority for tho purposo of ~ breoding » couflict with tho Super- uteudeut, a4 hwe boen suggested; uor do 1 'lelove that the Suporittendent ot nslde (ho frregalnr Ausponsion of Latrolman Trainor for thu purpose of insuiting tho Comtmissioner or pro- voking a quarrel with bin,” And yet it fs difieult to conceivo why the Comymissiouer, who, with sovoral years! ollicial experlence, must bo fomiliar with tho Jaw and rule governiny the police force, undortook to suspond u patroluzi in porson, fgnoriug the Suporin- teuttent, through whom ull urdens must bo {ssucd, and. Yefore kuy written charges wers mudo, or aworn to, sjzalust the ofticer compiuined of, as tho law plainly rex quires, Ou the other huud, when tho Supovintondent found ofa functions naurped, aua o policenian susponded fn u manner ut variznce ‘with tho Jaw and vules, bud Lo Jorogouo hiy Jeml Higbi to dguore wuch sispension, aud reported tho irveguler nct to tho board in the afternoon, {he aubsequent disgraceful scones would Tiave been'avoided, 1 regrot thfs conree was niot pur- stiod, Whil + may staud on hin oficial legal Tights, it lmes best not strictly to wssort them on the it ngalntt a auperior oflicer. A8 T have waid, tho quurrol between tho ‘Commis- sloucr and Soporintendent grew out of what I conceivo to Lo au illegal act of {he complain. ant; but s¥ he ab tho investigation that’ bo bad o loehul right to do whot ho did sususpending Oficer Trehor Lefore wrilten charges under vath wre preferred ngainst (ho ofiicar, and that 1t was ot necessury Lo fskuo tho order through the Sn- periutendent, v Dutify bim i writing, or Slo a writ- ten notico of tho act with tho Seerotary of the Board for his information, this clafim on tho part of tho Com- migfonor mulkes Jt necessary to exomino tho law touching tho modo proseribed by the chartor for thy suspeusion of n polico officer, Thio law, to my appro- Denvion, is perfectly plain and clear. o ntt of Fub, 13, 1863, smending the chaster (seo Chap, 10, Sce, 9) ‘provides in relation fo complainty nuaiust polica offcera that “ Any citizen of Chicugo wilha view to tho trinl and suspension or romoval from oflico of any officer or policeman of tho police, 142, on oath, §u” writing, prefer. or make before tho Duird, charges or compiaints touching the character und competeney or afiveting tho acts, conduct, or omisdons of stich oftieer or policeman, of for vivlntion of or miscondtict as defined snd désoribed by tho rutles and regulstions of the Board,” Tho act of Fob, 14, 185, Rec, 10, further amending tho chartor, providea that ¢ No membor of tha potica foreo thall bo removed therofrom, oscopt upon wrilten charges preferred ugainet him to the Board of Police, and atterun opporluity shall hovo hoou ef- Forded him of befngs heard 0 bip defonsy; bub the Baurd of Yollgw slail e puwver 10 aspenid suy metn= Fier of {ho Tolice Department of tho city, pendiug tho earing of (ho ehurges preferred npsinat him,” Under this soction tho wholo Buard could ot sue- peud an ofiicer until written charges wero firat prefer. Ted against bim. Tho section quoted from tho pre ons act of 1603 requires o citizen {o veduce Lis charges to writing und verify them by oath, beforo tho Lourd Lins authiority to order tho susporision of s ofticer of tho pollca force, Thut scction is still bn full forcoand effeet, Tho act of March 10,1869, which farther nmended tho eharter, nulborizes the Suporintendent (co See, 2 of #aid act) * to girefer charysea, without oath, hesoro tho Board of Polite, for nny vidistion of o poiico rules, regulations, of orders azsinst any pulieo oflicor or putrolmsu. upbn thy remise police foree, upon own knuwledgo or upon wrilten e formation wnieated too Wim Ly any ember of the Police Depnriment, Tho next aection of the camouct provides thal durlng tho pending of chierges agalust ay police oMicer or patrolmun upon thio pofice forco, tho Bourd of Police or nny member of &aid Bourd niny saspend from duty auy sich oflicer or patrolnnn untl wuch churges ean be ozatined by the Buard of Polfe.” Wit eliavges aro hero referved fo Banifestly thoeo which suay b proferrod by the Super- Intendenty in writing, nu prosceibed iu Beclion 2 of thia actof 18G5, or tho _ctiarges preforred by n citizon, n writing, under vath, a8 provided in Scction 9 of the 2ol 1863, 1u neither cuo can n policemun bo sus- pended nd his star takien from hita on verbal com plututof a cltizen or of tho Snperfntendent; and T cun sl 1o Iy aaithiorzing tho Boaxd, or a meniber of it, to suspend an ofliccr exeept wpou thi written_and sworn cliurgea of w eltfzen, or pon written chorgen of tho Buaperintendent or Acting Superintendent, Au sl tempt to kuxpend a policeniun by & Comadssioner o the Hoard of Conanixsiontrs, whivre no writien chas are proferred, 1s in excees of their power, and, there fore, null and void, Whitever unthofity tho Board or any member poescases, I derived from dlv Juw, Al ncts or things done not aiithorized by 1L are of 10 legal forco orefiedl, Tt must bo obvious that it would be an cxecedingly dangerous power to Vet in o eingly meite Ber ® right Mo suspend auy - pollcoman, at uny momaut, upon the verbal complaint of a citizon, or for personuly pulitical, or ather reasons on tho part of the Comnlsrioner, 'A hwndrod or G600 ofticers migtht bo ruspended by s Cominiisloner <usiin only known to bimsclf, or upou tho verbal complant of malicions persons, Tho strength ond ofticloncy of thie Whiole force mighit thus bo puralyzed, and 1he safe 1y of the city placed in perll, The ovil Would ho stlll grenter if o Commissfoner had tho_ authority 1o mi- yend without packiniye tho order through th’ Superlu- tendent, na the tondeney and effect thereof would Lo to degraio tho authority of the Chief of tho force, Tenvo Lim without record or knowledgo of what {ho members of the Honrd wero dolugf,. and throw (b wholu departisent futo confurlon buyond bis power of correction, In regard to the modo of promulgatlng orders to tho suembers of tho farce, tho ki {4 pliin cnongh, Beetlon a1 of Chupler 13 of tho chartor declares thut * 1t 1a anude tho duty of the Poliro oard, for the mure effectu- ally distributivg and enforcing itd police government wnil disclpline, to promulgute il regulations and orders ehvouyl the Stiperintendent of Police, and it sball Lo tho duty of the polico forco” to reapoct and oboy the saidl Buperintondont, ne tho hend und ehfef of tho sume, subject Lo tho'rulos and rogulstions and goneral ovderd of the Board, T fud thut ono of thu ritles of your loard readsns follows: “Section 81, Whon churges aro ) referrod ugalnnt un_ oMeer or patrolnan of the Tolico Department, ho ~ubill the General Superintendent wntll tho chargen can Lo oxamined by the Hoard of Folica.? Clearly this means that when s patrolman s to Lo suspended {he Huperiutoudent shall receive the order o b suspouded by and oxccuto it in Lohalf of the Board or membor lrauing it. No rnleof tho Donrd authorizes n Com= missloner to lguore tho Superintendont In exeonting tho order of susponston ; nor wonld it be lmfnlln mako such o rulo, ns that would bein conflict with Beo, 91, Chiap, 12, eforo quoted, I can find no warraut fn the Iaw in support of tho e sumplion of the complainaut, that ordura of auspension need not ho promulgated through the Superintondeut § or, that only sich ordors as uro general i thclr naturs nust bo fsmied through him, No wich practico haw prevallad In tho force rinco I biave ovcupled tho oxeerts tivo chair, Tho complainant stated in roply to n question nsked, that Gen, Stilos, Oity Atlornoy, ind ruleil fu the casd of Capt, ickoy'that an ofiicor’could be suspended by & momicr of thio Loard before chutyes wero proferred aguinst lim in wiiting, 1 called ko nitention of tho Qity Attorney to this siatoment and Lo roturned me tho Tollowlug roply ¢ iticaan, July 94, 1872, Hon, Joxeph Medilt, Mayor: T rengunz o SOur request an to what opinion T ex- pressed to 3fr., Bheridan, fu tho matier of 1ho auspon~ slou of Capt, Hickey, T bad n convorsatlon with Mr, Sherldan in your oico, and T think, n your prescico about tio timo’ Capt, Hickoy was suspondod upou fho_ordor of Comuiasioner Talcott, A, Shoridan was of tho fm- ression (lnt o polleoleqe” could not bo suspondod 5 1 alugto nembor of (he Toard, I oxpressed n cone trary opinion, provided (horo wero written charges yending againat auch oflicar, and called Mr, Shoridan's a¥entlon 1o the Chartor Ambdmont of 1860, as belug agatust s position und in Rupport of my owh, “Chia was thy_only orcacfon on whieh 1 oxpressod any opinion o Mr, Bherlilanon the sublect, Vory presectfully, . N, Bes, Oty Altornoy, “Chin corroaponds with my own rocollaction, In tho cano reforred to, heforo Onpt, Hickey waa suaponded, chnrgos woro preforred agninst bim in writing by tho Buperiniondent, who nlso oxocuted tio ordor” of site= ponnion fxaued by Commisioner Tuleott, Thua tho Tormn of tho law Wern strietly obearved, Aftor o careful roview of tho law and tho facts, T sm forced totho conelusion that tho suspenalon of Ofticer Trainor beforo written chargos, under oath, wero pre- forred agninst him way llogal, atd that it was also iltegal to ignorn tho Suporintoudent in- carryiug tho order futo offect, It would Lnvo connumed but little timo to reduco the cliargen of the two complafning cltizons to writing and bad thom signod and sworn to, oa required by law, Tho complaint put In this rogu- 1ar forn and delivered to tho Buperintendent tho order of i Coumisloner for_tio wispousion of tho oflicor would have beon speedily oxceuted, nud all tho irato Inugunge and esplosionn of angor which feioved and, worified all”decent citizons would not avo been uttored, Comiug noxt to ho timo and place of tho altercation, 1t foemg from tho {ostimony that the momburs of the Bonrd lad met ot thoir ofico on the aftornoon of the 18 ult, but lhad not orgazlzed for busis note, when thio complainant comtnenced felling tho otlior mombera what bo had dono that morning in de- priving Officer Traluor of bis atar, and the reason for t. Tho Superinfendent romarked thnt ho hiad re- storod the mon to duty, giving o tho reason that, when fold of tha susponsion by the Oaplain of tho distriet, he wont to {ho Socratary’s offfco and [nquired if any chargos wers on flle, and waa told thoro wore nono, and a8 no charges wers loft in tho hands of tho Cuptnin or Borgeant, and s ho hnd rocofvod no orders ta sunpend tho ofticer, Lio dirncted his roturn to duty uniil tho matlor conld asatmo proper. form oud shape, When this had been rolated to ihe Conunissiouer by the Superintondont ho denounced tho act aa an intentional sand deliborato fnsult, for tho purposo of degradin him in tho oyes of tho public, aud charged liin cols Tongues with having put upa Jjob on him, with con spiracy wilh the Suporintendent, to disgraco him, ele. 'fhe Commirsioncra cmphatically donied any kiiowl- cdge of tho suspousion matter until mado known 1o fiom by tlo complainant bimself ; (o Superintend- cut denfed all intenton or purpose to fanult or fu= Juro tho complainant, Tho testimony is, that he mada wovoral attempts to explatn mntters, bt ‘o complain- ant, having lost control of Lis termper, was unahle to liston or give credit to_explanations, but procceded to pour upon the head of tho defendant a torrent of pro- vorative jnvectivo, a6 testified to by soveral witnesnce, such sa calling’ him no gentloman, an lmposter, 8 earpel-buggor, o bluckgused, | ond - chiarg: ing him with ' not heing in 'hls room or allending to duty bhalf the time, ofe, ote. Theso asanults prodiced counter assaults of stiil moro vlolent character und oxpression, To tho clinrgo that Bie was an impostor, 3 fraud, nnd uo gentlewn, ho replied by *apasmodically clutching ™ an iukstani i f ntonding to hurl it ot the Commissloner, Lul withdrow his hand withiout dolug v, and rat down ellent, To tho charga that ho was neglecting his oni- clul Qutles, and not attending o them haif iho time, 110 lost coutrol of Lia temper, sud_denied ft in lan- ginago 5o coarao and profaie fliat I do not choose to repeat 1t, Tho outhrenk on hoth sides way 80 sudden and wrafbful us almost to fall under tho lieal of emotionnl {nagnity, aud T preeume both oflicers ars now hoarlily orry for, and. ashamed of, the part oy playod on the cecasion, ‘o conclusfons I Linvo coma to, after patiently con- sidering nll tho circumstances, urd s follows ¢ First—Thot the Commissionor {8 to blama for sus- pondiug a polico oflicer in a mapher _contrary to Inw ; thnt Lo owes an apology to tho Bonrd. for tnlng suct impropor and provocative Innguage towardsan inferior ofticor {n it presonce, and for’ chnrging Lis colleaguos in the Buard with bolng in_conspiracy with the Supor- fatendont fn ketting asldo (he_order of susponslon for tho uryose of susulling nd disgraciug Mim,—ilie proof showing that he did make such unfounded charges agafant them, = S.cond—Tho Buperintendent, whilo tochnieally right in trenting tho et of tho Commisslonerns an illegal f- torference with his powera and duties, cannot bo com-~ ‘mendod for acting Ao hastily fu restoring the oflicer to duty; and i consurable for usiug such coarse and profano languago toward his superior officer, oven un~ dor the soverest provocation, It is Lfs duty' to apolo~ gizo to tho Board for tho uso of such jmproper lan- gungo in thelr presonce. ‘The allegation that tho ~Superiutondent used Isnguago that was a_clinllengo to fight, aud thus bring about a bresch of tho pence, was uot corzoboratad by tho testimony, fn my opinlon, Tho colloquy was thus stated by witnlesses 3 Shorldun, “ You (ineaning Wasli~ Imrn) aro not now dealing with ‘convicts, Ay namo 18 Mark Sheridan, Everybody in Chlcago knowa me, or where to find me; but did not kuow somebody clse o thin {auut the Huperintendont relorted : “ Dy nomo fs Washburn, nnd you know whero to find me.” T regard the remarhs of botl rather fu tha light of egotistieal personal referonce than an Wtention'to comunit 1 breath of tho peace, T have chosen to (reat tho occurronce an a first offeno on both sldes against public dlgnity, and rather 53 tho rault of infsundoratauding than of Intentiol of a suddeu ebulition of passion, instead of premed tated provocation; and, thorefore, not calliug for ex- tremo weastires, and particulurly ay both of tho otfend= erd oro nblo officers and capable of doing the city great and good Rervice, f thoy would co-oper- nte harmonjonely, It upon a repetition of tho disgraceful scens, which it bus been ny painful duty to investigato, or aby approach_ thorolo, it will bucoma tho imporative duty of tho Mayor io romove (Lo partics guilty thercof by virtue of tho authorll conferred upon him, o by sid of tho courls, ) proper cxsmplo must bo set beforo tha membars of the polica foreo by fta high ofticors. Uarmony must bo praserved in tho Dopartment, peaccably i€ it can, but forcibly i€ it must, Respecifully, Josrri MepsLL, Mayor, During tho reading of the communication Commissioner Sheridan, who emiled froguontly, put bis kand up to his cheok and saido sotio voce, to_n 'TRiBUNE reporter, © Wash,” Bupt. Waskburn came into the room when tho Secrotary ronched {ho first conclusion, but quick- Iy wout out again. Commissionor Wright supposcd the doonment would ba placed on file, ns Lind been decided, Commissionor Sherldun (smiling) imagined thero would b no action takon by tho Bonrd be- yond placing it on filo until such timo as e had ‘u opportunity to #file off the rough corners.” WITAT BULRIDAN BAID, Attor gome talk about adjourning, Commis- sionor Sheridan raid : Thoro is one thing I will sny, howover, whicl is cailod up by the suggen- tion in the Mayor's communication, and it is thig, that™ if I felt that I way tho lenst discourteons inmy conduct on that ocension I would mnke en ample apology for such digeourtoous conduct., A it is, L fool fully conscious that no disrcspeotful word, not onn profane word, nor not one yolgar epithet escaped my lipss, Whoover says so to (he contrury. “The Board thon adjourned. Commigsioner Sheridan™ manner, during the reading of tho commuuication, indicated thal it ‘wn ot what ho ospectod, and_ that ho did not intend to bo salisfiod with the Mayor's mode of disposing of his u!mr{;an agningt” Supt, Washi- burn, Toloarn his views of the decision, and what'ho proposed doing, a 'PRIBUNE 1eportor in- torviowod him, Bnid tho roporter: Mr. Sheridan, what do you think of the Mayor’s declsion ¥ et whitewasling aliaiv from boginning 0 end, 1t.—Do you dony having used tho luguago tho witnessos teatifled you did nge ? 8,—Not a word erenped my lips that I would ot ropeat in o parlor full of ladics. Not a ered- iblo witness testitied Lo the cond R—What do you thmlof tho Mayor's law points rogarding the suuponsion of un oflicor by & Commissioner? H.—Capt, Hickey was suspended by 'Tuleott without written cliargos,—at lerst they could not Lo found, I bunied everywhoro for thom, I thought it was wrong, btut the Law Departmont sustuined Talcott against me at the time, and I supposed wo muet ho governed by hew declu- jons, If wo scted sguinst them “wo would bo reprehiensiblo, I ncted in accordanco with their deeivion, and I-ceannob justly be censured for domig what Tulcott did. i . ~Yon nro apparontly not satised with the Mayor's decision 7 H.—No, Lam not ; T think it an absurdity, R.—Whiat do yon Intond dolg ? B.—I proposo to tako it to tho Common Coun- cil firat, aud, if Icaunot got Justice there, to the courts.” 1 shall tke timo and do it proporly, Josoph the Firnt will find_out, by-aud by, that ho hnn no child to deal with, aud that” white- washing won't ho a very profitabla husiness in the City of Chicago. T beliove that Mr, Medillin condenined by nine-tonths of tho thinking poo« plo of this city, R.—\Why do you think so? B.—Heeauso thoy have exlmlnned thelr foollugn to mo,—Junwyors, morchauis, teadors, and the working massos, R,—Wlon do you purpose taking the came to tho Couneil 2 B.~I will flrat analyzo thoe decision; in tho wordd of my friond Mason, *‘subjoctittoa chomical procoss.” T am not Hke old Talcott. 1 do not (o off hislf coclod, It Iy not going to rost where it {4, ‘n.—\\nm in your opinion of the Mayor'a con- Cluslons ? B,—Ilo ignores my tusflmung, plao that of Dr. Ward, Capt. Blhepherd, Mr. Bullivau, of tho Times and Ald. Cullorton, and bases his conelu~ slona upon tho teatimony of a man [Magon] who doclarod that ho was g0 mnd ho oouldn’t sponk l it ho was that mad he couldn't comprohond whal was going on; ho wns a partial witness, too; and tho testhwony of uuolhier por- son who was not prosent at all, ns sworn Lo by Sulllyan, Cullerton and mysolf, That 18 all hio bnaes It upon. As for the oxpros- slon attributed to me by Commisalonor Wright wq dirty blackguard™], it never csonpod my ips, As for Washburn's tostimony, liowever woll ho might have defined the internal work- inga of my mind, Ididnot give oxprossion to thfi upl‘t‘l,nfilku ho mentioned. i — you prosont writton chnrgoes against Washtnira 0 tho ouned ? ey B.—Yes. It will go, Ithink, to tho Cotncil first, An_apponl lica from thore to tho propor court, and if necosuary it will go thoro ; it muy not, however, R.—Will you confine tho chargos to what oc- curred during tho sossion of the Board on tho 18th of July, §.~I may ombody » groat denl more. I am willing to go to the Council on tnt, bus 1t o wall to how up hig uttor inofficioncy in my rogard, and oM that gort of thing, Ho hins no moro comprohiousion of polico business than my boy. Commissioner Bheridan addod in reply to oth- Tmatlonm I8 thore no power in Qhicago ox- l) in Joseph the TFirst? 1o dopro- cntes susponsion by a Commissionor—using tho one man powor. Ho narguea that it would bo daugerous power to conferupon Maric Shioridan, tho powor to imapend a man bo- cauo it would ** disorganizo the polico forco in ono might.” It is not ‘‘daugorous,” however, for tho powoer to be conforrad upon lim ; why thon if conforrod upon mo? L was oleotod by a largor majority than bo, and, the peoplo hayoe ~confidenco _in \lhn, thoy must have confidence in mo. Itis o pioco of Lnldordash thrown in to mako the thing look dangorous. TL.—You do not soom to have a vory oxalted opinion of tho Mayor, Mr. Shoridan # 8.—I do not monan to ba disrespectful to the Chiof Magistrato of the city. This is not an altorcation batwoen the Chiof Magistrate of the city and o Polico Commissionar; 1t is_botwoon Mark Sheridan and Joseph Mmhh, and I want it confined there, Tnm one of those who beliove in all Jawfully constitutod autlioritios, Mark continued to talk for some timo (ho takes peculinr delight in exprossing his vlows?, but said nothing of interost boyond what is Eivon sbovo. The decision of tho Mayor provoked but littlo comment among tho peoplo nt the City IMall; iv woy anticipated fu & great moasure, aud ihe scandal in which ex-Tiro Mnrshal \Williams is mixod up afforded food enongh for ouo day's digestlon, or co) EXCITEMENT I[N MILLINGTQN, (LL. e A Woman Through the saloons. HUillington (July 39) Correspondenca of the Yorkville Recora, A first-class oxcitoment camo off horo last Saturday morning, when many of our citizous wero aroused from their slumbors by the sound of Dreaking wivdow-glass and a general smasb-up. To give tho reader a correct idon of the situa- tion it will bo neceseary to go backseveral yoars, —to tho marringe of Mr.J., who is a manof property ana most respectablo family, with a young woman who had been an inmato of hiy house for soveral years, and woll knew of his in- tomperato labits; but, like many aunothor silly girl, sho oxpectod to roform him nftox marrisgo, which turned out as such casos slmost invariably do, as will be scon by the se- quel. Mrs. J. was unablo toreform hor lord and mastor, who seomed to entortain a greater affec- tion for his drink than ho did for his wifo, which is usual with that class of men; and, ofter ox- hausting tho thousand artifices go ofton resortod to by bhor sox in like circumstances, without avail, Mrs, J. beenme _ digcouraged, and at times dosporate, 'Co render mattors worse, Mr. J. usually kept more or less mon about him who wero a8 fond of liquor o8 he is himsel?, aud oc- casiounlly thoy buve had lively times all around. J. Loy sovoral limes attompted reformation, but it is tho old, old atory; oceas sional offorts to reform have boon fol- lowed by, if possible, lower dopths of drunkenness, nud Madnm has quite naturally come to tho conclusion that, so loug a8 Lier hus- baud can get liquor, he will drink it, and is con- soquently opposed to all snloons in general, and Millinglon saloons in particular, tho keepors of which stoutly maintain that they sell nothing but *pop;” but, a8 J, is continuaily at the sa- loons, returning home most beastly drunk, Mra, J. hias become decidedly opposed to tho snlo of pop. Itis gonerally belioved that many men who drink to excess will lio, and, if occasion seems to roquiro, somo of thom will swear to it ; henco the difticulty of obtaining evidonce agninst ealoon-keopors, So, early Satur- diiy morning, Mrs, J. decided not to wait the delay ‘and_ uncortaintios of law, but to tako tho business into her own hands, "Accord- ingly ghe left homo at 8 o'clock in the morning, gotug to Millingtou on foot, & distance of over amilo. Aftor crossing tho bridge she armed hersolf with several stones, preparatory to malk- g raid on tho saloous, which shie did by bms“‘”fi all thoe front lights out of ITathron's eatablishmont, whon she went to Munch's saloon and served that in the samo way, aftor which sho wont homo vory Tlinlly. Souie poople cousidor Mrs. J. crazy, but I think not, as there was too much “meihod in_her maduoss;” but sho was cortmnly vory foulish, as the lnw would have Tioon bettor ; but who can sny what thoy would, or would not do undor liko circumstances ? Of course tho saloon-keopors buzzed around like a lot of hornots when their nosts haye boon brokon into, aud Munch was in o torriblo stato of anxicty about his family, s Mra. Munch and all tho litilo Munches woro nearly paralyzed with fear; Justas if, having lived ina ealoon tho most of their lives, they had never hieard a row beforo; but, upon J.'8 paying the damages, Munch's solicitude for Lis family abated won- derfully, and, in bhis magnanimity, ho concluded not to carry tho catio any furthor, Pooplo who profoss to undoratand the law tell ua that husbands arc no_longer responsiblo for their wives’ “torts,” and if Blra, J' little cceon- tricity wasn't a “tort,” whot was it? It iy prob- ablo that J. was willing to pay dumegos, otlior- wito lie might not got bis favorito beverago; and the snloon-keepors were glad to take whnt thoy could got, and hinve no investigation, The forc- woing littlo opisode in Millinglon lifo presonta soyoral morals, Among them the two following must bo apparont to most minds: If young lndies will marry intemperate men they must come to i:rlul; and, it unloon-koepers will per- sint in wolling “‘pop,” likely as not they'll got thoir windows kmushed, NbT A TAX-FIGHTER. To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune : Smn: You publish a list, in yestorday's paper, of thoso who filed objections to judgment for Rtato and County taxen for 1872, the first of whom is 8. O. Bartlett. Your comments aro cealenlated to do injustico, 8o far ag thoy have in- flnoneo, to wovernl who filed objections, and especially in tho caso named, Prof, Dartloit's proporty was assossed moro tian_ nincteen-and- a-lalf times o8 high as any other proporty of like value in the noighborhood, which he thought was & diserimination that ought to bo protestod ryainst, ‘Pho objestion was sua. tuined by the conrt, whon renchied, in wbout a quarter of a miuute, and, by stipulution, a Ludgmum rendored for what ilio tax ouglit to o, Prof, R.pays as ho goes, and {8 not a tax- tightor, but a tax-puyor ovory time. Yours, &o., J. A OWEN, Cuicauo, Aug, 3, 1873, - 3 THE WHISTLE-NUISANCE. T the Fditor of The Chicago 1'vibune: B Will sowe one udvike tho morchants do- fufy businosy noar tho river, and espocially on Houth Wator streot, whotlior thore is nny law to provent thoe intolerable nuisance of steam- whiatles on tho tugs and stonmors ? - It i bo- coming a gront interruption in tho transaction of our businoss, We eannot liear or convorso with others,—are ofton stunned, as they are nenr our ofticos ; and wo humbly ask'if thoro s no romody, Cmicado, Aug. 2, 1878, A MyncuaNT. -— PARTICLES IN WATER. To the Editor of The Chicage Tribune: Bm: Will some one of the membors of the Microscopical Boclety, or some other soiontifle porson, esplain what the small particles aro that we #eo in the water wo drink? Thoy maybe soen ab all timoes, and in any gluss of water, b, holding tho glass up the llgh{. I havo obsorve thom for yoars, w. Ou1oaac, Aug. 1, 1879, THE SEPTEMBER SHOW. Progress Made on the Exposi- tion Building, One Hundred Additional Men to Go to Work To-Morrow. The Entire Space Already Taken---Full Assurance of a Grand Success. Why Ohiengo should slwaya havo been, and still remain, among all oitios 8o pro-ominently succossful in nll hor undertakings, is & matter which bas never been proporly looked into, Tior wondrous growth, from the insignificant village which succeeded nonontity but a fow yoars sinco to hor nnto-firo eplendor, hor almost inarediblo rosngcitation sinco tho fire, aro mattors which dazo the intolloct and loavo it antisfled with look- ing at and enjoying the results without inquir~ ing iuto thoir cause. Without a doubt, theso achiovomonts aro but the rosult of the thoughttully appliod onorgy ot a pooplo who appreoiato tho extra advantages whiok tho placo they livein affords them, snd work thom to tho utmost, who know of no such word a8 failure, and who, whilo ench works singly and indopondontly for his own gain, aro over rendy to join baud-in-hand for the promotion of n schome which promises to promote the publio welfate, At no timo hns tho willingness ot our cltizons to joln togothor in a public undertaking ‘besn moro markedly shown than n the gotting up of tho Chicago Bxposition. Tho subjaot was broached quiotly, initintory mattors woro ar- rauged tn the most unostentations manner, and, bofore the public had bogun to realize tho fact that an Eposition was to be had this fall, all tho stook was subscribed, Committocs » wora formed, and the nocossary operatious woro set going to insure its Auccess, a thing of which now the lonst sanguine originally cannot broathe a doubt. Bince tho firat issuo of stock, s0 mmny applications for space havo come in that it is found that the building will have to bo moro roomy, and, to pro- vide for this, a second issue of stock waa mado, of which somo $40,000 odd is still unsubseribed, and for which tho managers are willing to accept propositions. Of TISE PROGRESS OF TIHE WORK the prosent condition of the building can bost speak. In our lastroport the principal mattor comprisod suticipations of what was to and would be dono. Now what has boon accom- lishod can be spokon of. The picturs of the ullding which is to Do is, from lis piquant appenrance on handbilla of intor- osted advertisers, familiar with all. and doseribo tho work that hian beon nccomplishod will eall to mind protty coxrootly a view of as much of tho structurc us now stands, Almost all of tho brick work is built. Outof thirty-ono trusses, fourtoon are already in position, whilo four moro lio prono on the toor ready for eroc- tion, Theso trusses desorve more than s pas- sing word of notice, boing probably tho largest whick bavo over been buiit, and costing not, feas than 81,000 o pleco, Thoir height is oighty faot, and their total longth in 235 feot, the olfoct of tho spans which are slready elovated helug vory bosutiful, they covering & length of over 200 feot. 'I'ho trusses aro built on the floor of tho Exposition, and aro olevated by monns of six derricks, Ponderous as thoy aro, it takes bub Lalf an hour to raiso onc in "its propor place, though it may Lo au well to add that tho necos- sary preparations for this oporation tako from elght to nine hours to mako, TIHE SCENE AT TUR DUILDING is lively in _the oxtrome, Huudreds of work- mon aro busily engaged at all points, Carpon- tors on tho floor are torturing planks into their proper positions in tha trusdes, while 80 fact over head they clambor slong tho beams in a manner that gives a less nervy man’s beir an inclination to standing upon end, AlouE tho walla the busy bricklayors pile brick upon brick, the claug of their trowels as thoy chip off o fragmont jclniu(imnrrily in tho general clatter. Up to date the building has beon erccted with- out oven o serioud injury to oncof the work- men, although on Saturday the special watch- mon bad n parrow escapo. In a hecdless moment he got under the brick and miortar elovator as it desconded, and the first intima- tion ho had of its presouce’waa & gentlo invita- tion to assumo, on the shortest possible notice, it not tho proportion, at least the shn]m. of a buckwheat pancake, Before hodid so, however, ho was rescued by somo bystanders, bis ouly injuries boing & bad bruise on tho'topof his head and a jarred shoulder. * Notwithstanding tho fact that rapid progross has already been mado, it 18 the intontion of the contractors to put on 100 MORE WORKMEN on Mouday morning : ko that by tho ond of the wook tho lpl)t‘nrflucn of tho buil(liuf will bo such a8 to give all an iden of how big a thing tho Chi- cngo Exposition of 1873 is going to bo. \Vithont going into any dry dotaily it is woll to state that although tho building will ho u vory beautiful one, the main object of tho builders isto MAKE IT PERFECTLY BAFE, and & glance at tho solid sub-structure, the hoavy walls, the close-knit trussos, and tho Intorlined- tions of beams and cross-beams, will convinco a spoctator that this object is boing fully at- tained, Tho managers of the Exposition aro vory particulsr on this point, and & membor of the Committeo is constantly on hand during worlking, hours watching each piece of work a3 it is dono. Ot tho PNOSPECTS OF THE EXPOSITION, tho mauagers sponk with a coufidenco that is quite refreshing, An interview with Mr, Pearce, tho President of the Ex{wultlnn Association, showed thut heis still quite intorested in the work and sanguine as to ita success, With the progross mado ho was quite matisfled, sud wag Buro tho bufldm% would bo rondy for the recop- tion of visitors by tho date already mentionod. Their main ploaitro thoy dorive from tho fact that the applications for ¥pace have already como into ngroater oxtent than thoy will bo ablo to nccommodate, tho sbow promised of Dhlcngn manufacturod goods alouo boing such s to make & big oxposition of itself. All tho londing manu- facturors and business mon of the city havo exprosscd s detorminstion to oxhibit their waros, l'ho quastion of L10HTING THE DUILDING AT NIGHT has beou bofore the managors lntol}. They linve several bids for the worl, and at 3 J) m. on Tuesday noxt_the decislon will bo made. Tho 1nanngors are doing ail that lies in their power to push mattors forward vigorously, and it will be to thoir exortiona thut tho success of tho exposition will bo due. —~— GOING WEST. To-day, G. Percy English, who has hoon em- ployed s reporter on this paper since tho carly pnrt of 1808, has resigned his position, and loavos to-morrow for Sacramonto, whore bo in- tonda beginning tha study of the mystories of tho law. 'This choico of a location is not made in order to mccure that quict so essentlal for study, and which can bo better obtained in o quict and remoto villago than In & bustling city Tike Chicago, but since ho has a woll-to-do rela- tive thoro, with whom ho can read about contin- gent romaiuders, springing uees, and afmilar in- torosting subjects. CGouorally reportors on Chi- cago papers como and go. Their tonuroe of ofiice {8 very briof. No sooner doos one bocomo acquainted with thelr faces than thoy striko their tonts and leave for now fiolds of Jabor. But Mr. Euglish has boon lero 80 long, hns mado so many aoquaintancos, and has como to bo looked upon as so much of a per~ manopey, that iwould bo a pity if be, likeothers, woro to go unmoentioned oul f' ¥ tholr croditora, As o short-hund roportor. Mr. "English ranked with tho best in Ohlengo. Ilo wroatled succoss~ fully with Schuyor Colfux, and only bocamo despondent whon Emery Storrs bogan telling & story in ano of his” spooches, Lraluod In the ™ Philudolphin cousts, divclplined by John A, Logan and olhor Westorn orators, ho s tho ~master of an art whioh will bo usefnl to him in his now fleldof labor, and which ho can fall back upon when the law is abolishiod by the Farmors' Movenont, Ad & oneral reportor Mr, Euglish was excellont. Tis familiarity with tho city andits peopte, from araons down to policomon, and s natural knnok ;‘ar forreting out matters, onablod him to find nows whero to othors 81l was hopolosaly barren, Ho i gonorally bolleved to bo the inventor of tho mowspapor use of the word * scoop,” whoraby he could more concisely oxpraga his irl~ umphs over hia rivals, During Lis loog rosidonco hors ho has mado ma 10 onenios, with tho oxception of lacal pam{ulnuu whoso spoochios he reportod with such oruol ncouracy B8 to etornally ruin thom in popular ostimation. o oarrics with him to his now homo, whore *'scaopa® and son- sntions pro unknown, and hls now voontion; tho kindly wishoes of his assaciates on this and othor npors, and of the many frionds ho possousoa oro, frionds and ono or two —— TIE CITY IN BRIEF, A litorary mooting of tho Jowi: P l.hll?v(m(ng. g of tho Jowish Union will be Tho oloventh annual plonto of tho United of Erin Bonovolent Eoull,oly will take "n..'Zu s]:?;}g da, tho 16th Inst., at Shrapshootors Darc, Tho Rov. J. B. McCluro will preach iu the English Lutheran Ohurch thi 3 Moody's Tabornaclo this twlmnln;}.mmmg R M, V. Brown, tho secker after partnerships, was boforoe Banyon genmrdly morning, and was )é:kl for trial at tho Oriminal Court under §2,000 Oharlos Blmpson, the dosporado who attompted &o mfll I?lml’mrt i:lll‘ ‘n [fi;w u(l?l‘xlulnn 20, Wl ym?l.nr— ay Lold for trinl at tho Crim ©2,000 ball, B gty ‘Tho steamor Mogtgomory will aail on tha 18th inst, with a Inrgo parly of Ohicagoans bound fii:cthu Thousand Islauds and other intoresting places, A man namod Emmott waa fincd 86 by Justico Doggott yostorday, for committing an _unpro- vokod assault upon Officer Dwyer, of O'Calia- glan's Protectivo Polico force, A mwfinint tho Ohicago Dramatio Assooia- tion will bo hold at the Weut Side Opera-House, No, 09 Wost Randolph streot, nloany ovening, for the puipose of rehearsing. A spaoinl mooting of the Cambrian Bonavolant Bocloty will bo_hold next Tuosday evoniug in the Wolsh Prosbytorian Ohurch, corner of Ban- gamon aud Monroo stroots, at 8 o'clook. Tho quurtnrlfl meoting of the Ohicago Calodo- nian Club will bo Leld m tho basemont of tho Beoteh Ohureh, corner of Adams and Baugamon atroots, Tuesday ovening, at 8 o'clock, Tho aunual election of officors for the Union Circlo, F. B, will take place at tho luil, No. 77 Doarborn stroot, at 4 o'clogk this afternoon. All mombors aro requo-tod to bo present. Tho rogular mouthly meeting of tho managers of tho Orphan Asylum, cornorof Wabash nvonua and Twentfoth street, will bo hold at tho Asy- lum, Tuesdny noxt, at Lnu-puz 2 o'clock, I'ho mombors of tho baso ball clubot the Union Catholic Library Association are request- «d to mook ot its rooms, ou Wednesday ovening, nts &'clnck. Important business will” bo traus- water > The Washington Camp, No.1, P. O. 8. of A,, will give nu entortalument ot thoir Lail, on tho sonthiivost cornor of Lako and Desplaines stroots, noxt Friday ovening. Recitations, vocal and in® strumental music, and rondings aro promised, A club of youug paople known by the name of Entre Nous Wwont on an_oxcursion lnst Friday to tho bonutiful suburb of Lakesido, on the Chi- cngo & Northwestern Rond, where thoy spent tho day undor tho umbragoous boughs of tho grovo of Mr. Gago. . Tho annual camp-meeting of the Methodint Episcopal Chureh will commionco in the beauti- tul grovo near Dosplainos Station, on the North- weatorn Railroad, on Wodnosduy, tho 20Lh inst., and will continue ono wook, Ilound trip tickets {rom Chicago 1 if purchased at the ofiica, All trains stop very near the encampmont. At n Iato hour on Friday night Officer Cane; 88W & man running from “a houso on Wabash aveoue, near Peck court. Ho pursued him, but failed to eatch him. It scoms that the fellow had been ojected from the louso by Dr. Me- Artliur, who was attending & Riok eild, and who ent hint with a koife. Tho intrudor's object was theft. I'he laws and ordinancoa of the City of Chi- cngo, compiled and acranged by Corporation Connsel Tuley, bave been published in royal oe~ tavo form, mnklnf a voluino of 730 pages, bound in full plicop. It is n valuablo work, and is up to date. It {8 issued from the pross of tho Bulle- tin Printing Unmpmly“ and mokes & handsomo book. The price i S7.50. A fow minutes boforo 1 o'clock yestorday, tho stenmor L, B, Brown, in turning the corer of Lako aud Dearboru strools, upsot, throwing tho driver and ougineor out, and slightly injuring thom.. The borsos bocoming frightoned, ran furiously down Lalko streot to Stato, and thenco to Wator stroot, whoro thoy wore stopped. In its courso, tho engino collided with sovoral ‘wagous, cauging a goneral stempade. Somotimo sinco Matildn Halutead was deliv- orod' of twins, Albert Thorow was proven to bo their fathor, and & judgmont was recovorod against him, on tho charga’ of bLastardy. Another &uit was enterod aguinst him, upon the same charge bofore Daggott, on the ground that the formor judgmont ouly providod for ope child. Yestordny tho case camo up for trial, and o judgment was rondored sgainst tho plaintiff. Tho rcFulnr wookly meeting of tho Chicago Celtio Litorary Association will be held at tfiu echool-room, Bromer streot, uoxt Thursdny evening, at 8 o'clocl. Tho following subjecl will bo debated : Ltesolved, that the anttompted rovival of tho Celtic tongue iu inexpedient, and oppoted to tho niflrlc of the century. _Aflirma~ tive, Mr, Michaol Norman ; uogative, Prof, Ro- nayno. A meoting of Fronchmon was to bo hold last ovoning, 8t tho club-room of the Shorman Houso, to muko proparations for the graud cole- DLration in honor of the evacuation of Franco by the Gormans on the Bth of Soptember nost, but tho only “Fronchmon” who mado thoir appoar- anco weoro tho Hon. A. L. Morrison and four man of tho Irish Rilles, in full uniform. After wait- ing an hour thoy adjourned without calling tho muooting to order, Tho Augusta Chronicle and Sentincl snys “that Augusta can bo safoly counted on for half » million of dollars to nid in building tha nir-line from ‘Chicago to the sea,’ and recom- monds that, at the meeting to be held in Septombor next at Ohicago, of those intorostod in tho routo, that each county bo roprosented ; and let tho dologaten go inatructed to take all tho stoole which they are able to enrry."” U, R, Hawlog, the Bpecal Agent of the Pont- Offico. Department in this city, yestorday ro- coived information of the capture of John W. Young, tho gontleman who made quito o atako 1{4{ oconntorfolting monoy-orders. Yostorday Mr. nwley started for the Liast, armed with two warrauts sworn out bofore Commissionor Hoyno. Ilo will roturn iu & few days with Young, whon & reliminary oxaminntion will take place beforo r. Hoyne. Although Bre. P, R. Jordan is not n disor- dorly person, yot she is no respecter of law. 8ho docs nat baliovo in it, and cannot soo tho good of it Bho ling repontedtly rofused Lo recognizo the Inw which Inys a tax upon liquors and tobac- co. Sho eaunot #eo that it makes those nrticlos sny botter to tax thom 3 4o sl will not pay tax, and bas told the United Btaten oflicials so. Thoroefore she was brought bofore Commirsion= or Hoyno yestorday, and hold under bail of $1,000'to await thoe action of tho Graud Jury. ‘I'ho South Ohicego Turner Bocioty will Iny the cornor-gtouo of their now and Aplendid building on 'I'wenty-second stroet, near State, to-day. ‘Mo Lurners will pssomblo nt Orphens Hali, on tho West Bido, ut 10 o'clock this morning, and match iu & procession lo the -place, wlhere tho coremonies will be performed, Gou. Horman Licb, of thio Union, aud Mr. William Rapp, of the Staats-Zeitung, will bo the orators of tha day. After tho coremonies » graud pienic will bo held at Calumot. A very plosuant and novel pienlo, or ton-party, was liel in the nivorsity ove at llvanston on Triday ovening, 'ho young ladien sent out the’ invilations to the gentlomen to come at hnlf-past & o'clock, while they repaired to the grove themselvos enr~ ler in the aftornoon and spread a sunpluons foast, which was jolntly appreciated by all. Aftor enjoying a moounlightsnuntor in tho grove, the party ndjourned to the spacious parlors of Ar, g. » Willinmg, and spont the evening in socal enjoyment, The little boy Myors, who had his arm crushad ?’eulcrduy on the Chicngo, Alton & S, T.ouls Raflroad, is doing woll, Mo is woll cared for by the Rnitroad Cum!muy, which {4 doing all in its powar ta alleviate tha Aufforings of tho un- fortunate littlo follow. ‘T'his aund another littlo boy were playing bohind a car, and could not soo the npfironuhlng engino, nor could thoy be secn from tho ongino, and tlio boy was just stichiug an dron pin into the coupling when tho ongine struole tflu car, orushing his hand and arm nunr‘I(y up to the olbow, ‘Tho limb has boou amputated, ————— THE GARUNER FAILURE, In this morning’s paper it will be obsorved that F. . Gardner announcos & snsponsion of tho soyeral firms with which ho fs connootod. Tt #hould bo undoratood that this doos not embrace tho firm of Qavdnor & Gould, who, under lenso from ¥. B. Gardner, aro conducting tho hotel known &s the Garduer Houso, Tho Gardner of Gardnor & Gould is ® son of F. B, Garduer, THE LAND OF THE SHAH. Persia, Its Tribes, Thieves. and Its Geographical, Ilistorical, Noma~ dic, and Industrinl Notes. The visit of tho Blinh of Porsia to the soveral Courts of Europe has eot tho newspapora and poriodienls of Gormany to studying up the coun- try over which ho oxercisos his dissolute and Qospotic sway, From theso sourcos wo compile tho following facts ; Porein {a for tho moat part & VAST TADLE LAND, which, from timo immemorial, has beon oalled Iran, or the Land of Light, by the natives. Its climato, liko that of most high tablo lande, is ox- coodingly varinblo, subjoct to tho oxtromos of hont ond cold. ‘The nir ia vory dry. Donsiden | belng subject at the sama placo to vory sudden chiangos, tho climato differs groatly in difforent placoa; 8o much so that what Oyrua tho Younger is rolated to have said to Xonophon regard- ing-t: “That the people porish with cold at ono oxtromity, while thoy suffocato with haoat at the athier,” {s literally true. Yet ita climato, on tho whole, i8 liealthy ; oxcopb por- haps in the Caspian Provinaes, Ihat of Ispahan 18 roprosented as cxceptionally desirablo. Torsin possesnos no groat river, and acarccly & navigablo sirosm, For purposes of IRRIGATION canals wore conatructod in grent numbors in tho pant, but the turbulent condition of tho country for agos back has caused the practice of building thom to fall into deeuotude. The remains of many of theso canals nro remarkably magnificont and bear witnesa to tho doparted groatness of Peraln ; to tho timo whon Ispaban had a popula- tiou of from 600,000 to 1,100,000, sud its vain- glorious inhabitanta claimed for it the title of ¥ the one-half of tho world.” Tho country is romarkablo for its salt Ixken, ono of which ig ixty miles in longth. The soi] is mostly of stony toxture, dry and arid; etill, whoun properly irrigated, of extraordinary for- tility. By far tho greater portion of the interi- oria + . A DEERT, though by no meana a continuous one, gs is vory often assumod. Many of theso patches of dosort land arc salt, The suow somotimos fally on thom in winter, and, finding no outlot when molted by tho oxtremo heat of summer, turns the desert into & swamp, whick dries up only by evapora- tion, "Iho Porsinn poople bave, propesly spenking, no national charactor. Thero are suthoritios who 8o 80 far ns to say that thoro are in reality NO PERSIAN PEOPLE; that tho inhsbitants of the country sre a medloy of various races. Tho agricultur- ist, morchant, and artisan classes are known 88 T'ajiks, the meaning of which term in Mongo- lian,aud probably originally it thoir own language, is *¢ peasant.” Tho Tajiks are tho doscondants of tho aborigines of the country, aud speak a dinlect & compound of Porsian and Turkoman- ish, 'Thoy constituto, in contradistinction to tho nomadio, tho setiled population of Porsia, and oro catoomed inferior to the nomads,~—tho Turkomans, Kurds, Sunnis, and Arsbs. The Turkomon 18 extremely fond of his roving wayof living. and boasts that Le * rests noither under tho shadow of s troo nor tho seeptra of a King ; that Lo knows no father and po mothor, but that Lis lifo is a march of plundor.” hosc races, in roligion, are Bunnites, tho natural onomics of tho Porsinns proper and of tho Shiites ; romurkable for cunning and love of plunder, Noble, Princo, or Ohicf is unknown among them. The ** whito beard " i tho only leader tliey acknowledge., Buch civ- ilization as thoy pouscus is iu somo cases alliod to the European; in othors moro nostly to tho Tartan. In build, thoy ere slondor, strong aud well-shiaped, Tho sword and the lance are their only woapons, Tho celority with which they accomplish their PLUNDERING EXPEDITIONS, flying ovor n eircuit of more than a hundred milas in an incredibly short tiwe, reminds oune of the sweep of & bird of prey. T'hioy ara rich in locks, and the horso *“ with flesh liko marble” is their speeial pride. “2Alore mares, more oam- ola 1"—such is their only prayer. Itis uot to bo oxpocted that among such paople WOMAN can oceupy any very oxalted position. She ia, indoced, littlo better {han u slave, but something bottor than a camel, Young widows ara valuod abovo their maiden sistors. ~ Tho relative values of a young widow, a young woman, and a camel old or youg, are ton, two, aud ono, Yospectively. Thoir food it of tho very simplost kind, Rico A o dolicacy prized ovon by tho rich. Buttermilk and intoxicaling mares’ mulle aro the uational beverage., The Kurds aro a brave mountain raco, rolated {o tho Persian raco proper, very Tobust of constitution, with daop #ot oyes, some- timon bluc, but moro ‘generally gray. They aro roprosented as passiounatoly ~ fond of niusic. ‘Among thom, if among any people in the world, Womsn ling ber ights; for both soxes provide work for thomselves, and seom to some oxtont indopondent orch of the other. Thoeir ideas of MORALITY aro not ovor-rofined. Murder, if not considored o virtuo, is cortainly csteernad no ein. It may Do questioned almast whothior thoy possess tho ides of moral responeibility, The warrior and the robber they hold in equal honor. The wild- o8t of them are wvxceedingly barbarous. Thoy kuow nothing of tho sanctity of an oath, in which they do not, perhaps, differ materinlly fromn a large portion of tho other inbabitants of Porsin, who respect no oath but that by their own health, T'he wealth of tho Xurds, liko that of tho Turkomans, consists muinly of horda aud flocks. - Aunother division of tho population, tho Sohor Arabs, nvo despiscd by the Porsisng propor. The charactor of the Arab iy too well Luown to nood any deseription, In his doalinga with Lig Porsisn brathrou ha alwaya acta on tha ngsumption that ho is denling with a thiof. TIE MABANDERANS, n dark-comploxioned race, aro haughty, bigoted, ignorant, curions, aud addicted to opiam-anting. 4 you ascond their native mountaius, however, you find tho manliness und boldness of the race to riso with you. The urms of the treacherous low-landers nro a two-edged dagger and a mus- ket. A baskot to carry their food in completes their outtit, Como wa now to TILE PERSIAN TROTPER. e ia tho Frenchwan of tho Laat, as the dentzon of Inpalian is tho Parisiun of Porsis, The Persian is nctive, ingonious, & plensurc-scekor, a story~ tollor, but at tho samo timo—u lisr, 1fols liko tho TFronchman, but after his own codo, var{\pnlim, faud of novelty, aud mimica every fashion Lo seon, 1is belnvior towards strangors, und espe- oially towurd Kuroposus, is governed by tho maxim; *“‘Fho Porsian will never spoak evil of theo; neither will he over do theon good turn,” The highor clazaon, undor the gurb of ro- flnoment, hide an_intriguing, tronchorous, and merconary disposition. Blaves of an avsolute dospot, how could they cultivate oithor manliness or indepeudonce—virtues an oxhibition of which might at any moment cost them thelr lives? Numbors of them profosa tho grentost respoct for roligion, but at heart are skeptics, with faith in nothiug but themselves and oxtortion. Tho groa’, body of tho poople arc bravo or cowards nceording to circwmatancos—brave somotimos spito of conturics of opprossion. Their DEMEANOI IN DATTLE depouds more porhups than that of any othor poopla ou tho_chaructor of thelr loadors, being #laughtered liko shoop or rosisting like lion’s according as thoy are under n good General orn bad ane. Tho wealthy clnssos delight in horsos, ornamonts, and armg, Tho Linrem aud the bath aro thelr main luxurios, amusoment and recrea- tions, To sit and wmolio, to l"'"“‘?' and tell storles, or listen to linos from a fuvorite poet aro their mothod, of killing timo, No Eastorn nation lina g rici. ¢ LITERATORE than Porsin; aud an acquaintance with the bost productions of the uational gonius haa pouo- trated oven into tho lower strata of tho popula- tion, It i nothing unusual for & mule-driver or g portor to show his quickness at reparteo by anuworing you with & muxim_from Saadi, or o lino from tho divine Halls, Of poots and varals flors Porsla bas still a logion, ‘W'ho Persiau s A SHREWD TRADER— g0 shrowd that * tho Jew grows poor in Persin," 1fo is vory fond of wines, and can endure sany quautity of presorves. I'ho Government of Porsin has beon at all timea despotio, The country in poor, und likely to yomain o, Tt tasks its resources ta support oveun the doscondants of royal blood in their stylo of Eustorn mugniticonco, The INCOME OF THI BIAI is eatimatod at two million pounda sterling. The burden of taxation falls almost oxclusively on the peanant class. Thoe commerco .of tho coun« try ts insignificant and must rennin so, if on no other acconnt, on account ot the bad state of its highways, which afford no moans of com- municntion botweon differont parts of tho kinq' dom. Two hundred and fifty thousand men ia thoe limit which its army can under any ecircum- stances attaln. The attompts to discipline Pore sian troops have boon attondoed with the mosh flattoring succers, 'Tho NELIGION OF THE IERSIANG {a tho Shiito. Tho Turkish rasos and tho Afghana sro Bunnitos, 'I'o mutual hatrod of the Bhiitos aud Sunnitea {s equaled only by their common hatred of the Olristians. Nostoriauiem still ox. ists in Poroin, and the practicos of tho Fire Worshipers nmong the Guebrea. Gypsies, and Jows aro also found thero in somo numbora, The popular aacount of the origin of the former has it that thoy aro tho offspring of 4,000 musicians who wore translated from India to Poruia undor King Bahrmagur. . THE 1ISTORY OF PENSIA ia & monotonous acoount of names, and datos, and conquests, Thoro i cortainly room for im- rmvnmnnt in the intornal policy of tho Kingdom. \Whnt offact tho visit of tho Shah to Europa will Lliave on tho future of & pooploe over whom he {a absolute mastor,—mastor of tholr livos and prop- orty aliko—lt Is not “rfl onsy to prodict. San- guine, indeod, must bo ho, however, who oxpoots Ynmt “m]‘iu\do follow soon, Tho avila which Porsia has to onduro are too deop-mested to bo romoved in & day or goneration, No poopla can thrive who can pursue tho w:um\lht!:m of wonlth unreatrained, or who havo overy inducos ment to hido the wenlth alroady acoumulated thl,‘o\!ghmfiaui; otl Uxulll&g thi:mullplmlly of thoir rulor,” Tho Poralana will continue for some Yot £o livo in thelr BT g ONE BTORTED, }UD NOUSES without symmotry or ordor ; with all thelr mage nificenco on thoe inside, gurrounded on tho oute 5ido by high blank wals, the dlsmal acono ro- lioved only by tho boauty of thoir gardens, thoie minds opprossod by a Tear snd servility which has woll ulgh ‘becomo horeditary, and by a rolig- {on which has nover nccomplished anything for olvilization—which 1, in fact, an unmitigated superatition. In viow of tho troacherous, Fylng, and intriguing character of the nobility, it may bo & queation what importanco is to bo attached to the brilliant promisos of tho bojowoled somi« barbarian whoso movements have, for some months past, beon attracting the oyes of the civilized world, ‘ et “THE LIGHT ERIGADE.” Ats Charge at Balnklavas. Tt has boon popularly decided thas Capt. Louis Nolan, of Lord Raglan's ataff, being an impotus ous goldior, purposely misconstrued tho actual meaning of an ordor which ho enrried into an authorization of tho sensoless sacrifico of the Light Brigado at Balaklave, sud that his only oxcuso was that he wag the first man killed {n the charge, Lnunco Poynte, in tho Galaxy, after mvlnwin? the togogmphy of tho battle-flold and the position of the forcos, anya : As it wns, matters stood thus when Nolan loft Tinglan, boaring tho * fourth order. The Rus- siang were clustored on two hills, the English aud Fronch cavalry stood 10oking on, Lucau was in his usual norvous, irsitablo state, when tho gal- lop of a horso was hoard. A tall, slendor young ofticor, with & trim figuro and black moustacho, ‘ras coming down & Steep descont at full spood, with = white envelopo stuck in his belt ; au every oyo was on him in a moment. 1t was Capt. Nolan, in hissearlat sholl-jackot, a littlo forago cap sot on ono sido of his dark curls, his face full of joy and ongornoss. An audiblo murmur went through the ranks. * Ordors como! Nolan's the boy that'll show un tho wny to move.” Tor Nolan was woll- known and universally boloved. In anothor moment ho had dashed up and saluted ; then handed his lotter to Lord Lucan, “'ho_cavalry Gonoral toro it opon with tha nory- ous haato charactoristic of cvery movoment of his Lordship. When ho road it over his counte- nance changed, Thon bis Lordship broke out, something i this stylo: “Why, Enod henvons, air, what oan kLo mesn ? With tho little forco at our command wo can Dbarely hold our own, much less advance, perfectly suicidal. Iow can we advanco?™ Nolan's eyo began to blaze. Ho had just come from the high ground whonce the wholo Russian position cotld bo scen at a glance. Knawmg that hig order contomplated the doubling bacl of tho Russian columns and saving the guns in the rodoubts, o was impatient of tho pragmatical objection of this captious old man. In astern, distinet tone be spoke to Lord Lucan: * Lord Raglan’s ordors aro that tho cavalry should attack immedintely. * Attack, sir?" cricd Lucan, angrily. At- tack what? What Eix‘ms sir?" Nolan throw his bead back indignantly, and pointod to tho Causoway Ridge, whoro thio Rus- Hinns woro busily st work tryiog to haul away tho enptured gune, The group was standing at tho right of tho entrance of the north valley, “There, my Lord, is your onemy," he said, “ and thore are your guns.” ‘The Captain forgot that ho was falking to g excitodand impracticable man. Wrong-headed Tucan choso to faucy that ho pointed to tho end of tho valloy, and with all the obstinacy of his naturo kept {o tho error. “Vory woll, sir, very well,” ho eaid, angrily. '}’I‘{xa ordor shall bo oboyed, I wash my handg of it. Ho wheeled his horso and trotted off to whera Cardigan ast in front of his brillisnt lines gnaw- ing his gray moustache and chaflug ovor Lis in« action. Thon gaid wrong-honded Lucan : * Lord Cardigan, you will attack tho Russiang in tho valloy.” Tho Earl dropped bia sword in salute. “ Cartninly, m{ Lord ; but allow me to poing ont to you that there is & battory in Iront, a bat~ tory on oach flank, and the ground is covered with Ruesion riflemou.” T can't help it,” said Lucan, snappishly, * it is Lord Raglan's positive order that the Light Drigade is to attack tho enemy. We have o choice but to oboy.” ‘3 ‘Thon Cardigau bowed hia hend. “Yery woll, my Lord," was oll hoeaid. Then, Qurniu’{ to bis staff, *Tho brigade will ad vanco,” ho snid, quictly. Menntimo Nolan, aftor his sharp passage of arms with the division commander, bad ridden off to tho Light Brigado himeolf, whero he waa choorfully talking to his sworn comrado and {riond, Capt. Morris, of tho Boventeenth Tancors. Now that ha had maintained his po. bition as mouth-ploco of tho Commander-in- Chiof, agninst the impudent, fault-finding ot T.ucat, ho folt happy. His boloved cavalry was to bo Jaunohod nt last on this glorions mission against the Causoway Ridge, nnd already D'Allonville wan preparing to assault tho othot flank of the Russians. ‘Who can wouder that enthusiastic Nolan told Morria that ho wus going to soo tho brignde through tho charge? 1t was his privilego to do #o, and his hoart beat high with hopo. Littla did ho know _of the oxtent of pig-hoaded atu-~ {dity natural to the two mombers of tho Eng- Fieh aristocracy who respectively commanded Ttis and led that charge, A clear, sharp voico was soon hoard in fronk of tho brigade, now formed in threa linos. Lord Lucan rodo away to the * Hoavies,” and Nolan alloped round “to the roar fo tholoft of tha firlgmla aa tho sharp voleo cried ¢ +Light Drigado, forward—trot—march 1" In n momont tho frontlino was away, as stondy as if on parndo, at o rapid trot, fu(]m\'lng an oroct gentloman, mounted on & chostoub * thoroughbred, and wearing tight scarlot troue gors and a bluo fur-trimumned jacket, tho front a porteot blaze of gold. 'I'ho eroct gentloman was as plender in figure, ns alort in goaturo, ay a boy of 20, an yn‘ that man was b7 yours old and the Larl of Car« digan himsolf, ut hardly had they started whon Nolan ute tored a ery of agtonishimont and rage. Y (ood God ! aro tho fouls going to oharge down tho valloy ?” ho shouted. Thon, sotting spnra to hia horso, he dashed outot his placoand galloped madly neross the front, waving his sword, V Whero are you going, myLord ?” ho shouted, 4 That is not Lovd Itaglan'sordor | Changofrong to the right. 'Chiwwayl This wayl Tho bate tories on the ridge!” Lord Oardigen was as hot-tempored in his way a8 Lord Lucan. The auducity of an ofticor pro~ suming tooross his front was onouglh, For ihat oficor to uddress his brigade was an additionsl ingult, 1lo spoke not a Word, but pointed grimly forward with his sword, Nolan’s words were lost in tho thunderof hoofs, and all that was woon was his figuro crossing the front and wildly gostloulating, Puiullug to Onuseway Ridge. Phen the MHusslan butteries oponod. Thera was & flash, & boow, and u second flash In the wir, & littlo oloud of whita smoko, end a loud spang| ay tho firet Lol burst in the faces of the trotting lino, Poor Nolan threw up his nrm with o foarful shriek, and foll baok in hissaddlo, stona doad, atruck through tho heart. With o low ronn of rago the rushing horsemen quickoned thoir pace and dashed on, at # wild gallop, into tha valloy of death, ‘Tho gooret of Balaklava perished with Nolan, hsilsc ol 2 hink A Lafoyette blacksmith, who don's know one noto from anothor, does romarkablo fantasias on tho pano, By careful handlivg ho wakes a piang lust him throe wonks,