Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 25, 1873, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25, 1873. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. i TTEMS OF SUBSCRIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVANCE). 2.0} | Sanday. $2.50 6.00| Weskly £.00 ) b i To prevent delay and mistakes, be sure and givo Post Oftice address in full, including Stato and Connty. H Remittsnces may be made either by draft, cxpross, Post OfEce order, or fn registered lotters, at our risk. i TERAE TO CITY SUDSCRIBERS. Dafly. delivered, Sunday exccpted. %5 cente per week. Dully, delivercd, Sunday ncluded, 30 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Mzdison and Dearborn. - s TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. ATEEN'S THEATRE—Wabaeh asepue, coraer of Con- rrcss strcet. Spectaculer opers, ** Zoloe.” Aftermoon acd ovening. HOOLEY'S THEATRE-Randolph stroet, between o s A e ot ap oveaing. MCVICKER'S THEATRE—Madison street, bstween Doncbora aad State. Tho Katla Patoam Troupe. **Cepitols.™ C. A MUSIC — Halsted street, between Ilfi;?«‘aE:éx )olfnm “Theatre Comiquo Combination. Atternoon and evening. MPHITHEATRE—Clinton street. between Washing- 1om 304 Haudoipl. Cal Wagners Minstrols. LENT'S CIRCUS AND MENAGERIE—Stats stroet, corner Twenty-second. Afterncon and ovening. st —— BUSINESS NOTICES. YON'S INSEOT POWDER WILL NOT HARM A by ODus thes Ave death 1o loas, cockrosches, and bugs. 1F THE BABY 1S CUTTING TEETH, USE THAT 38 sad well-ried remeds, Mrs. Wisslows Boothing yTup. ROYAL HAVANA IOTTERY_WE SO0LD IN druriag of 24 April laat the 840,00 pelre, L Sliogam Eltiom 10Walbat.” P, 0. Box 4335, New York. 5 AND MOTH PATCHES. ASK OB, FRECK LK arvs. Moth and Frocklo ‘Lation. ebot, &8 Bovd-st., New Yerk. For Pimpleson the Faco, Eivkbeads, sad Flcahworis, ase Porry's Improved Com- edone and Pimpla Remvfli the Great Skin Modicine. Propared ools by Dr. B, C. Perrz, Darmatologist, 49 Bond-st., New York. 3 N_CAN_BE GURED—SCHENCK'S Siitrako Pk, aro the ouly modiciacs that will curo Linonary Consumptiun, Frequcatly modicines that stop a cough will ecea- tient. Thoy lock up the liver, T b e lon o tha bibod, hemocrhage folows; the circulation o $ 2P [n°tact, they clog the actlon of tho vary organa that 4 h. : et Complaint and Dsepapsia ate the causes of two- thirds of th casas of C any persons com- o e e e of Gxowainiss . paia udor-bla s Rasness, the fo featiiy o the stomach, 0 food lying Bccompanled with scidity and belching up of wind. Those sjioptoms s d. ualiy originato from & disordersd cozdition of the stomach or a torpid liver. e d, if they take one or two heavy. colds, B 2o s o ioho Sages ba suddonty chocked, wil 254 thowiamuty wma fter lovgsd, remainiag fomid sod 3 03t befors they ate o tarea oA Biztrated, the result of which i3 death. SCHENCK'S PULMONIC SYRUP fa an_expectorsnt which does not contan opfum or anything calculated to eheck s cough vadde: i 5 W aissolses the food, m(xcfilm L i tomach, aids. diges- 1o, and cre: & ravenous app 3 ‘When the b re costi n szllow, or the symp- Lo e B con ogdoncs, SCHENOK'S SAN- DRAREPILLS aro requirec. STy o The Chicags Tribune, Wednesday Morning, June 25, 1873. The trial of young Walworth for the murder of his father has been begun in New York. Ten jurors were obtained yesterday. el sl (I Theright of women to vote in elections for school officers has been favorably reported apon by & committee of the New Hampehire Legisla- y sure. Grasshoppers in immense numbers have st~ tacked the growing wheat and corn of Kossuth, Osceols, O'Brien, and Clay Counties, in Tows, end have desolated the fields. ———ee A proposed amendment to the Obio Constitu- tion, forbidding the Legielature to pass any osury laws, has been indefinitely postponed by the Ohio Constitutional Convention. 2 The Sultan of Turkey, always nneasy sbout the designs of his Furopean neighbors, has Zormed an allianco offensive and defensive with his former subject, the Khedive of Egypt, who agroes to farnish the Sultan 150,000 soldicrs it his terTitory is invaded. A “farmers’ party” is to be started in Me- Y ean County. This step was decided upon by the Executive Committee of the farmors of the zounty, who met at Bloomington yesterdsy. They also reeolved that a convention of dele- gates from all tho farmers' and workingmen's associations should be held to nominate candi- dates for the fall elections. oy There were:138 deaths in’ this city last week from all canses. Thismortahityis less by 15 deaths than that of the week before, and is 61 lesa than in the corresponding week of last year. This improvement in the city'a health is attributed by Y the Bacitary Superintendent to the rain which i cloaned tho streets, but he reminds the city suthorities that rain cannot always be depended ! on for the work that sewers ought to do. The Juniats started yesterday from New York in search of the Polaris and the missing Bud- dington party. Her crew numbers 130, and her equipment contains everything. thet is nceded for Arctic navigation. The Junista is under the orders of naval officors, andtheir strict discipline srill supply one element of success that waslack- ing in the loosely-organized merchant-service of the Polaris, under Capt. Hall's command. The public schools of Cincinnati Lave long been troubled by the question whether the reading of the Bible, or any other form of re- ligions instruction, could legally be made com- pulsors. The matter efter fiercs’ dispute was carriod to the courts. The Supreme Court has 4 Just decided that the Copstitution of the State i has no bearing on the question oue Way or an- ) other. $ Trustees are givan fall discretion by the Legixla- : ture inthe management of the schools. They H may allow or prohibit religious instruction, and i the courts have no ground for interference with i their action. i President Margoll has asked the Spanieh Cortes to give him time to form a new Ministry 4 §n place of that which resigned the other day. Ite motto, he says, will bo Liberty, Order, and Justice,—a policy which makes its duration cer- tain to be as brief aa that of the Cabinets which fisve preceded it in the apparently bopeless task of introducing these unknown elements into Bpanish politics. Ministerial difficulties like these are, however, of little moment when com- pared with the financial ruin which menaces the Bepublic. It bears a debt of no less than £1,350.000,000; and the Cortes have rejected ¢he scheme of the Finance Department for re- ducing the principal and interest. 7% 1 i The Chicago produce markets wers inactive seeterdsy. Mess pork was in good demand, and 50@60c per brl higher, closing at $14.15@14.25 cash or seller July. Lard was in fair request, and stexdy at 28.00@8.10 per 100 Ibs, Mests were dull and 3¢c per Ib lower, at G}{@63¢c for | ghoulders, 734@8c for short ribs, 8@S3¢c for short clear, and 9%@1i¥ec for sweet pickled hams. ZLake freights were sctive and }{c lower, at 5@ :Sc for corn to Buffalo. Highwines were quiet ‘and steady at 8% per gallon. Flour wasdull *and easier. Theat was more active, and X @ 34c lower, closing at $1.19@1.19% caeh, and 21153 seller July. Corn wasactive, and X @%4¢ lower, closing at 203c cash, and 323{c seller July. Oats were active, and X@Jc bigher, closing at 27Xc cash, and 283¢c seller July. Rye was more active and firm st 59. Barley was dull and nominal at 48@52¢ for poor to good No- 2. On Saturday evening last there was in store in this city 479,662 bn wheat, 8,918,376 bu corn, 1,587,224 bu oats, 183,847 bu rye, and 53,117 bu barley. Hogs were dull, and declined 20c, or to £4.15@4.40. The cattle and sheep markets wero without important change. We print this morning letter from a citizen of Chicago upon the subject of canned fruits, and of an attempt by certain parties in Maine to seize a monopoly of the business of packing corn incans. In addition to the statements made in the letter, we find in the New York Grocer some additional facts having a bearing on the subject. Two cases. have been heard by the courts. In the Maine District, Judge Clifford decided that the patents were valid. In the Massachusetts case, Judge Lowell refused an injunction claim- od by the patentee on the ground that there geemed to be no validity in the patents. The case now goes tothe Supreme Court of the United Btates. The patent claimed by the Portland combination covers all green corn put up in hermetically-sealed cans, and notico has been given to all dealers and packers that the gale of any packed corn will be prosecuted. At the same time, notice is also given of an ad- vance in the wholesale price of the corn put up in Portland. If these patents are confirmed by the courts, sn attempt will be made to maxe them apply to all other vegetables, and lso to frnits, including tomatoes, peaches, pears, straw- berries, beans, peas, and an endless varioty of goods. These fruits and vegetables are now packed in all the fruit-growing districts of tho country, it being already a largo busincss in this vicinity. From the same paper we learn that in 1872 there were nine millions of cans of green corn packed in the United States. Tho advance in the wholesale price made in the notice of the Portland combination is 40 cents per dozen cans, which will be equal to 5 cents per can to consumers, or £450,000. If this be supplement- ed by a like advance on each can of tomatoes, and of all other vegetables and fruits, the tax will amount to several millions of dollars an- nually, and be equal in monstrosity and oppres- eion to the sewing-machine robbery. BEWERAGE AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH. The Mayor has made a strong appeal to the Common Council to increase the appropriation for additional sewers from $800,000 to $700,000. The Mayor does not advise an incresse in the aggregate sum to be appropriated by the Com- mon Council ; he asks that this increase of the appropristion for sewers be made by dropping the appropriations for the followig-named pur- poses: £25,000 for a lot and engine-honse be- tween Goethe and Elm streets, North Division ; §25,000 for a school-house on Llm street; £350,000 to replace the brick building, now used a8 & police station, on West Madison street; $10,000 for brick building in place of the wood- en one on Washington and Clinton stroets, for the Babcock engine-house; 245,000 for & school building on Twelfth street and Centre avenue ; $14,000 for two artesian wells and a fountain, and £22,000 for a new engine-house snd lot in the Fourteenth Ward ; transfer of $190,000 from the sum appropriated for the sinking fund (ot neoded) ; $30,000 for & bridge over the North DBranch Canal at Halsted street. The appropristion for the sinking fund is not required by law, snd there is money enough now belonging to that fund to meet all maturing lisbilities. However desirable tho other expenditures may be, they have no im- portance compared with that of the sowers. All of them can be postponed withont any detriment The varions Boards of Education and of | to tho pudlic health or safety until mext year, while the construction of eewers is & pressing necessity.” The Mayor points out the various localities where this sewerageis most needed. It 80 happens that the unsewered portion of the city is that which, of all others, most .needs it. This portion is found in the districts near the South and North Branches of the river. These neighborhoods are densely populated by people who have not the means to adopt any eanitary messures. It is impossible to keep the streets and lots in this neighborhood either clean or healthy without drainage. The effect of sewers with connecting drains on the character of these stroeta is mmediate. *“The most filthy, spongy, and worst streots are instantly converted into dry and saiubrious ground, where sickness im- mediately decreases, and sanitary rnles can be enforced.” He recommends the immediate construction of fifty-four miles of sewers in the following diatricts : In the low and wet tract of 300 to 400 scres lylng west of State street and south of Archer avenue, upon which 18,000 persons re- side ; in the 640 acres of territory between Hal- sted and Loomis, Harrison and Twenty-second streets, and the angle between Halsted and the South Branch. This territory contains 50,000 people. Twenty thousand other persons living in the Fifteenth Ward are suffering incon- ceivable misery from the want of sewe:sge. He estimates that 1,900 acres of territory, contain- ing' over 100,000 inhabitants, imperativoly de- mand immedinte sewerage. f The plan of sewerage adopted by the city is that of amain sewer, four to six feet diameter, ranning esst and west on each alternate street ; these sawers cost from 24.60 to 88 per foot ; on the alternate streets, crock sewers are built, which cost, say, $1.50 per foot; the streets rooning north and eouth have brick sewers, ranging from two to three feet, and these cost from §2 to $4.50 per foot. Each main, therefors, dreins two streets running enst and west and all the intersecting strests. The average cost of sewers of all sizes is $2.44 per foot, or §13,000 a mile. In the dis- tricts proposed to be sewered there will be no deep cutlings, aud no quicksands or extraordi- nary expenditures incurred. The actual length of sewers needed to drain these 1,900 acres of low lands is 54 miles, and this could all be con- structed for £700,000. The Mayor asks that the Council forego the purchase of real estate for engine-honses and echool sites and polico- stations for one year, and turn the money in- tended for those purposes over to the construc- tion of sewers absolutely necessary to provent a pestilence, even if there were mot one already spproaching the city. Upon the neceseity for this sewersge, the Mayor says : An inspection of the maps of ths Board of Publio ‘Works ehows that, wheress nine-tenths of the popu- Inted sres of the city is supplied with hydrant water fromthe lake, and s nearly equalproportion hsve thelr streets lighted with gas, scarcely half the inhabi- tants have sewers, or any means of under-ground drainsge for the enormous accumulstions of liquid impurities which, lying on the surface, become putrid, and poison the atmosphere with their gaseous exhala- tions, adding fearfully to the bills of mortality, aud en- dangering the health of the whole city from the spread of epidemic diseases. Contagious and cpidemic dis- eases frst break ont, rage worst, and last longest in tho low, wet, and unsewered sections of s city ; thenco they spread to other portions, carrying death in their train, Every form of disease is rendered more ma- lignsnt tnd potent by noxlons vapors from filtby etreots and premises, and it is not possibleto en- force or maintain s proper degree of cleanliness or ealubrity in hot or wet weather whero there is no sewerage. Tho loathsome small-pox can never ba €x” tirpated while great and densely-inbabited districts of the city remain in their present undrained condition. It unfortunately s0 happons that the nnsewered por- tlons of the city have the least elovation above the sur. face of the river, and the most impervious soil. To 2ggravate the evil, theso portions are nearly sll densely populated by the laboring and poorer classes of peopler who are Jeast capsble, from lack of means and educa- tion, to apply efBcient remedies by effortsof their own; and thoy patiently suffer and endure frem this cause an amount of sickneas and distress which, inflict~ od on the wealthicr and educated classos, would be in- tolersble,—driving them to disperse or go out of the city. If this drainage were constructed, the people of Chicago would breathe easier in tho presence of cholera or other pestilence, and ths weekly death-roll reported Dby the Board of Health would greatly diminish, while every intcrest of the city would be promoted by the improved health and cleanliness of the laboring popu- Iation, Speaking of the items of proposcd expendituro which ho asks to be deferred, Mr. Medill says: The total of these sums, inciuding the $300,000 in the Appropriation bill for sewers, {5 $711,000, which, if carefully and judicloualy exponded where it will do most good, will construct more than ffteen miles of sowars this year, and rescue 100,000 of tho Iaboring poor out of flth, mire, and, I might almost say with- out cxaggeration, out of the jaws of death, and place them on firm, dry land, sud in a condition to live and enjoy life. I do not wish to be underatood as convey- ing the idea that the items named aro mot needed for the purposes stated in the Appropriation bill; what I mean to say is, that thoy aro not 50 greatly necded as tho fAfteen miles of sewers which the money would bulld, and can better bo deforred until next season than the construction of the sewers. It is difficult to understand how the Common Council can resist this appeal in behalf of the health of the city. We know the importunities of real-estate owners who have lots to soll to the city. We know that it is hard to resist the appeal for 8 brick engine-house in place of & wooden one ; but we hope the Common Council will for once rise abovo sll privata considera- tions and privato jobs, and voto without hesi- tation the money necded to purify, cleanse, and disinfect those districts of the city wharo the pooplo are living in a pestilential atmos- phere, and, as the Mayor eays, almost in the jaws of death. We hope that every Al- derman residing in & ward already sewered will vote for this expenditure. Tho sewerage of ome part of the city will not prevent the origia of diseare in other less favored parts; and, once begun in the unsewered dis- tricts, the pestilence thus established will find its woy to all other parts of the city. The im- modiato drainage of the low lands, whore the gutters are clogged with the putrid garbage and foul washings of closely-packed tencments, is a8 essential to the health of the other parts of the city as it is to that of the neighborhoods where it is required. Thet drainage would be moro effectivo as o sanitary precaution than an army of street-scrapers, a regimental Board of Hoalth, and ship-lcads of disinfectants. BEECHER OR JOURNALISHM. The annual convention and reunion of the New York Stato Edltorial Association was held at Poughkeepsie, on the 19th inst. Tho Asso- ciation did not accomplish anything of general value w journalism, but at the banquet which was held in the evening the delegates had the pleasure of listening to some remarks from the Rov. Henry Ward Beecher, which were charac- torized by eminent good sense. His addross wos devoted to the general and legitimato ephore of journalism, and tho relstive place which it occupies in the world of literature, rather than to the practical details of news- paper management, which Mr. Boecher is hardly qualified by sctual nowspaper ex- perience to suggest; but, liko whatever he may have to offer on any subject, it contained much that was both pertinent and interesting. Mr. Beecher assumed the broad ground that journalism is not yet & profession, but only a parsait. ‘It has no definite bounds; it has no common 1w or customs; it has principles, and yet they are held rathor individually than by common consent. Itisnot shaped and drawn out into any form with acknowledged founda- tions and superstructure.” This is all very true; but Mr. Beecher ot this point noglected an op- portunity to show that many of the most promi- nent nowspapers of, this countrs, by as- suming an indopendent position, have already taken the first etep which will eventually elevate journalism from & pursuit in- to a profession. The really important papers of the country some time ago recognized the neces- aity of this step and the dignity of tho new po- sition. There are many papers, however, plirty organs and emaller pspers, edited by postmes- ters and revenue collectors, which still depend upon party for subsistence and blindly obey the caucus. The really great papers which have emancipated themselves from this thraldom and taken &n independent position have al- ready assumed a form “ with acknowledged foun- dations and superstructure,” and its laws, its precepts, its axioms, and its customs aro be- ginning to exercise a mighty infuence all over the country. Inetead of being bhound together by the fechle bonds of party, which may be broken any day by the shifting tides of popular opinion, they aro held together in o strong affin- ity of common effort to accomplish & common end, and that end i§ the moral and intellectunl elevation of therace, and the promotion of a higher degree of civilization than can ever be accomplished by those journals which have their opinions dictated to them, and never ad- vance idess which do not draw tho Lighest rate of interest. Mr. Beecher again says: * Political journals are not 80 demoralized, I think, as they have hitherto been represented to be. I have for the last few years looked with some degree of par- ticularity at the great leading journals of America, at a time when they wero ander tho most fierce excitement. I am bound to say that, while there has been much untoward and much that was to be regretted, yet, on the whole, the tone of journalism even in party heats and party excitement has been vastly higher than it was immediately following our Revolution, or in the earlier and classic periods of our national life.” This beneficial rosult also has been effected by independent journalism, and we aresurprised that 80 clear s reasoner as Mr. Beecher ehould nct Imve sought for the cause of this remarkable change. As long a3 s newspaper is dependent for its very existence upon its success in follow- ing o political party or fection through all its twistings and turniogs, it must inevitably be- come demoralized. It is compelled to wink at dishonesty, to encourage corruption, to advocate bad measures as well a3 good, to denounce men whom it knows to be respectable andhonest, and to support men whom it knows to be dishonest and corrupt. In such & process as this, it soon hardens its conscience and becomes unable to tell right from wrong. Hence ensues all that rudoness and violence, that constant use of villifying opithets, and that desecration of all the finer feelings, which constantly occur in political campaigns. As the support, the literal bread and butter of papers of this sort, depends upon the successful issue of an election, the very necossities of the situation roquire that they shonld be unscrupulous in the menns they use. Indepondent journalism elevates & newspaper above such low and gross neceseities. Having no narrow partisan ends to subserve, no ward-bammers and scallawags to dictato to i, no man or sot of men to servo, it is placed in a position where it can discuss principles from the high moral and intollectual plane of their absolute excellence and necessity. ~; The last point which Mr. Beecher made in his address is that the press is to literature, religion, art, science, and general intelligence what the ocean isto ships., *“It will bear them up; it will give thema medium and an opportunity that they never had. All the professions, then, instead of being in any sense weakened or sup- pressed by the progross of journaliam, are to be rather stroogthened—helped, not hindered.” This, too, is the result of independent jour- nalism. Papers that are independent in rothing can never do anything for literaturo, science, or religion, bocause in the first place they are already too demoralized by their political asgociations, and bocause the parties 2nd cliques to which they belong control their services for other purposes. Itis the in- dependent paper of to-day which is emphasizing and illustrating the work of the school-house, the pulpit, and the book. It is the only medium of familiarizing and popularizing science and general information for those who cannot afford books and magazines. It is sending its mes- sengers far and near, and utilizing the railroad, the steamship, and telegraph as means for tho diffusion of intelligence among the masses. Itno longerruns in the rat of venal politics, subject to the whims, and caprices, and corruptions of partisans and office-holders, but, on the other hand, is branching out in every direction, and g0 gathering and collating universal facta that each day's issuo is an encyclopaedia of the world's daily doings, rather than the mirror in which is reflected only the narrow conceits and petty policies of the office-holder who happens to con- trolit. Mr. Beecher's address was a graphic and vigorous statement of newspaper growth. To make it logical it only needed e statement of the canse of that growth ; and that cause is found in independent journalism 8s & profession, 88 opposed to servile and partisan journalism as s very sordid and corrupt pursuit. PUNISHMENT OF IRSANE CRIMINALS, Some timo since Toe TRInUNE presented its readers with somo novel distinctions hetween emotional or porceptional insanity and that complote aberration which possesses the mind and tha volition, and lesves the victim no power to test his criminal propensities by the light of reason or restrain thom by the exercise of his will. The majority of acquittals in murder cases bave been on the grcund of emotional or per- ceptional ineanity, and it was held that this momentary obscumizion ©of the perceptive facnlty, or the abnormal indulgence of the cmo- tional tendencies, cannot releass a crimiusl from the responsibility of his crime, 8o long as he had resson and will remaining, by the exer- cise of which he might have restrained his criminal propensitics. To this view, Dr. William A. Hammond has sdded another of equal force, which, with or without the admis- eion of the other principle, explodes the popu- lar and dangerons fallacy of acquitting criminals on the ground of insanity. He takes as s text the result of threo murder trials in France, which are calculated to ilastrate the progress which has been made with conrts and juries on tho ples of insanity. One was the case of An- toine Leger, in 1624, who had killed a litcls girl and drank her blood. There was abundant tes- timony tending to establish his insanity, and the horrible features of his criminal act wero in confirmation of this ground of defense ; but the murderer was condemned and executed. In 1851, Antoine Jobard killed a young woman, and assigned 88 bis motive that he wished to die, and yet did not want to incur the guilt of snicide. The doctors pronounced it a case of homicidal insanity ; but the criminal was found guilty * with extenuating circumstances,” and sentenced to the galleys for lifo. A later case was in 1854, in which a young man shot his step-mother at the diner-table upon a sudden impulse of aversion. He was acquifted. From that time on, homicidal mania and emotional in- sanity have had a recognition in France. It is unnecessary to recapitulate the familiar cases in America which show & similar progress and like contradiction. Dr. Hammond has made these cases the text for advancing the broad theory that insenity i no excuse for crime, founded upon tho same principle as the legal maxim that * Ignorance of the law excuses no one.” Dr. Hammond holds that it is not the province of criminal law to mete out just rewards and punichments to individuals accueed, but to protect society. The means adopted for the protection of socioty is such puniehment 88 will prevent the criminal from repeating his offenee, and will deter others from committing like crime. The ignorant child who steals a loaf of bread, unconscions of any crime, may not be guilty in the sight of Heaven, but it is the province of the law to punish him for petty larceny. If the criminal tribunals should undertako to estimato the moral extenua- tion that attends a large proportion of the cases that come before it, the interests of society would be seriously damaged. Such a course would be a direct encouragement of crime, for every man criminally disposed would rely upon his ability to demonstrate an ignorance of the Ilaw and moral irresponsibility. Dr. Hemmond' holds that insanity, plead- ed in & criminal case, is virtually no more nor less than a plea of ignoranco of the law. The interests of gocioty remain the same, and it is necessary that the law should exercise its de- terrent influence and 1ts provident purpose of proventing & repetition of the crime. The fact is, that the recognition of the ples of insanity in murdor cases has had precisely the same effect that the admission of the common plea of igno- rance of the law would have. Thé number of murders has thereby been increased, and thers are now certain well-defined conditions under which men coolly assume that they have the right to take the law in their own hands, and exercise summary jurisdiction over hu- man life. There is every reason to believe that many men and women have indulged their murderous passions who would have restrained them had it not been for the encour- agement of ecquittal which they have received from the result of various trials of marder un- der somewhat analogous circamstances. In the matter of jurisprudence, Dr. Hammond 1ays down the principle that a law which may be unjust as rogards an individual, or & few individ- uals, but which is beneficial to society &t large, 1a 8 good law ; but that it is & bad law which may be just to an individual and injurious to so- ciety. Thisis not in direct contravention of the genorally-accepted theory that it is better that twenty guilty men should go unhung than that one innocent man should be hung, though it would appear to be. Tho men proved tobe in- nocent would not bo punished any more than they aro now, for Dr. Hammond's idea is that insanity does not release the murderer from his guilt any more than an ignorance of the law wonld releaso z wild savage who had taken hu- man life. In his examination of the question on purely physical grounds, Dr. Hammond says (and here he speaks with the force of recognized suthority) that the individual suffering from mental aborration that is distinctly pronounced is generally capable of controlling his actions. This, he says, is the testimony of those who re- cover from insanity, and he refuses to admit that there is such s thing as absolutely irresisti- ble impulse, or automatic movement, among the insane any more than among the sane. It ia certainly tho duty of society to take charge of those who are recognized as hope- lessly insane and dangerous to the intercsts of society, and the factis that thisis done inall civilized countries. Dr. Hammond's position, which demands that society shall be protected from the crimes of the insane as well as those of the sane, gains strength from this fact, and also from the circamstance that those who are scquitted of a murder on the plea of insanity are, saarule, porsons in whom there has been no previous evidence of insanity, and who are then ‘pormitted to go out into tho world a8 if their in- sanity bad begun and ended with the gratifica- tion of the particular malico which prompted the crime. There are many indications that Dr. Hammond's theory will meet with approval as 2 natural reaction on sccount of the judicial farces in which “insane” murderers are acquitted. The conviction of Mra. Lamb, the Wisconsin Dorgia, in spite of & demonstrated perceptional insanity, was a practical application of the doc- trine. The case of young Walworth will offer another opportunity for applying it. There is a disposition among certain people to criticise the railroad tariffs that have been made up to conform to the pro rata principle of the new Railroad Iaw. It is held that the intention of the Iaw and its makers was not to increase the ratesat the competing points, but to de- cresso the immediate local rates and to retain the competing rates as they were. If the Legis- tature, or tho people who demanded the passage of the pro rata law, believed that this would, or could, bo the effect of the law, they must have based it on tho belief that tho railroads will consent to run at a loss. No statute could be in- vented and no power asserted which could coerce them to do this. The fact of establishinga lower rate at competing points by no means in- dicates that business conld be done all along the lino at the same rate. There are a number of roasons why & special rate may be established 8t certain points,—among them, that of compe- tition ; the fact that the increase of business adds to the gross receipts without increasing the expenses in proportion; the circumstance that the cost of handling is the same fors greater or less distanco; the advantago of cen- tering trade at & common junction like Chicago. But when it is required by law that one rato shall establish all the others, tho railroeds cannot afford to make concessions thiat might not be damaging to their interests under froo mansgement, but which would bs ruinous to them under the operation of the present law. Itis charged in certain quarters that it is the intention of the railroads to make up their tariffa in such & way as to render the 1aw odious to the people; but we confess our inability to discover how the pro rala principle could be more fairly applied than in the Burling- ton & Quincy tariff. If the doctrine itsclf shall prove to be unscceptablo to the poople and projudicial to important interests, it is cortainly not tho fault of the railroads. There is alsoa good reason why the railroads will not under- take to make tho law odious by any unfair action on their part. The Supreme Court has decided that they may not mako rates which are extor- tionato or unreasonable, and the new Railroad law prescribes penslties for any violation of this principle, which the railrosds do not care to fncur. In the absence of prosecution, therefore, it 18 fair to presume thas the railroads are pre- pared to demonstrate that the new rates, estab- lished to conform with the new law, are reason- sble. If this be true, then the pro rata prin- ciplo of the Jaw must rest on its own merits. In the meantime, the assumption i3 entirely unwar- ranted that the railroads are pirposely moking exorbitant rates to render the law unpopular. The Post-Office Bulletin, published st Cincin- nati and devoted to postel matters exclusively, brings forward twelve reasons why it considers Postmaster-General Creswoll's administration of the Department s failure. As an intimation of this sort coming from an official Post-Office paper is more than usually significant, we pre- sent tho grounds of dissent which the Bulletin makes. They are as follows: 1. His connec- tion with the Chorpenning claim. 2. His advo- cacy of tho postal-telegraph scheme. 3. His advocacy of reducing letter-postage to 2 cents. '{ His advocacy of the postal-card system. b. His advocacy of an increase of salary of $1,000 8 year to his chief assistants, acd his opposition letter - carriers. to an incresse for the 6. His ruling with reference to collect~ ing double postsge on partially paid lettors. 7. His perversity in adkering to that ruling after it had been shown that the law did not imply eny such penalty. 8. His spplication of the ruling to printed matter. 9. The increaso of the deficiency of the Post-Office Department amillion dollars & year. 10. His commission- ing & number of persons a8 Special Agents who are not connected with the Department, the spe- cial object of the sppointmont being to enable them to travel fres over railroads. 11. Because he has involved the Department in constant tur- moil. 12. Because his administration has been oppressive to the business interests of the coun- try. If the Bulletin has any farther grounds of complaint it does not enumerate them, but this round dozen are sufficient to show that all is not lovely, even in the. Department itself. Constant allusion has been made in the for- eign dispatches to the war between the Dutch and the Acheenese, but, until quite recently, no statement has been made which farnished any clear conception of the motives or causes of the war. Te this question, like all other questions, there are two sides, and we now have both sides of it. The Minister of the Colony has laid be- fore the Duich Government & statement which goes on to show that, when the Colonial Govern- ment saw that the King and his subjects were acting trescheronsly with the Datch, and that while they protended to be friondly to the Dutch they were in reality secrotly nogotiating with France and Italy, explanations wore de- manded. The Achcenese refused to make any explanations, whercupon the Dutch declared war. This is the Dutch version of the difficnlty. The Acheenese version is entirely difterent. By their statement it appears that, since the vear 1233, Acheen has boen s Mussulman State, and since 1544 s dependency of the Ottoman Em- pire. In 1777, a treaty was concluded between Acheen and Holland, and according to its terms the Dutch were allowed to enter Acheen for com- mercial purposes. In 1863, however, the Dutch sttached some dependencies of Acheen, and af- terwards thoy demanded the cession of some islands belonging to the King for the purpose of erecting lighthouses upon them. The Acheen- ese roplied that they could do nothing in the premises without the consent of the Ottoman Court, but in the meantims the King would build the lighthouses at his own expense. The Dutch would not consent to this, and declared war, with theintention of achieving the conquest of Acheen, whereupon the Acheenese appealed to the Otto- man Court. Thisis the Achcenese version of the story, and, if it be true, they will have the sympathies of the world in their resistance to Dutch aggression. The Japaness Minister of Finance, who re- cently resigned because his viows relative to the lavish expenditure of the Government were not sustained, has issued an appeal to the people, in the course of which he shows that the financea of Japanare in a pretty hard way. He says that the total annual revenue of the country does not excoed 40,000,000 yen, while the ex- ponditare for the coming year will reach 50,000,000 yen, so that there will be a deficit of 10,000,000 yen. Besides this, there has been & gradual deficit of 10,000,000 yen sinca the reformation in national affairs, and, in addition to this, the papor money issued by the Government departments, and the debts due in Japan and in foreign countries, amount to about 140,000,000 yen, 8o that the total libilities of the Government are about IM,M,M')“ yen, for the payment of which the Govarnment has made 1o provision. The yen is the Japaness gold unit, and is within a few thousandths of the eame value a3 the American gold dollar. The Japan- eso, it will be observed, therefore, in their rapid ‘march of progress, have also secared the modern improvoment of a handsome national dobi, but without any appliances for paying it A decided sensation has been occasioned in London over the sale of a private library which belonged to Mr. Henry Perkins, a rich brewer, recontly deceased. The collection consisted of only about 900 volumes, and yet, according to the London Times, it brought an sggregate of $136,000. The libraryis said to have cost the owner $400,000, which would be an aver- age of mearly $500 a volume. Tho sg- grogate sum was greatly enlarged, of course, by the enormous prices paid for s few of the books. A famous =and unique Vellum Boccaccio once sold for over $11,000; but this instance was fairly outdone in the sale of a Bible of the Perkins collection for. $31,400. It was the Biblia Sacra Satina in two volumes, of Gutenberg and Faust, and said to b the first book printed on metal type. It is one of the five original Vellum copies, snd, s all the others are in public libraries and not to be bought, this was the only chance of securing the book. It can scarcely be said that the value of the Bible is depreciating when one copy, and that in Latin, will bring over $20,000. Arecent officizl paper printed in England, concerning the annual number of convictions for drunkenness in England and Ireland, pre- sents some intoresting figares. While, out of every 10,000 Englishmen, 59 are aunually con- victed of breaking the law against drunkenness, out of the same number of Irishmen 147 are found guilty of the same offense. In England, 43¢ per cent of the total convictions represent babitual offenders. In Ireland, the ratio is14.7. 1In Liverpool, tho proportion is 827 convictions to every 10,000 of its population, while in Dub- lin the proportion is 416 0 10,000. Londondorry, which is the smallest place on the list, has 1,142 drunkards in every 10,000 of the population, and half of theso are habitual drunkards. NOTES AND OPINION. The election of Judges in Tllinois, June 2, called out a total of 176,955 votes, in the whole Btate, for Circuit Judges, and this total covers 65,635 votes in two districts for Bupreme Judges. Although the twenty-six circuits outside of Cook County are very nearly equal as to popula- tion, the vote in thom was very unequal, ranging from 1,245 to 10,698, according #a there was a Iocal contest; and in Cook County, of 16,71 votes, the only contestant represented free rum rather than cheap tramsportation. It wonld manifestly be improper, therefore, to attempt a division of the whole vote, but it may be re- marked that the Farmers carried everything they went for—or thought they did. _The Republican party-managers hold = State Convention to-day at DosMoines, Iowa. What they will do is not doubtful. Theywill condemn offenses, and continue to support the offenders, That is exactly what was done at DesMoines, Jast Saturdsy, when the managers of the Repub- lican County Convention caused the following to be rejected, viz : Resolred, That we are desirous of political reform, and for honesty, economy, and purity in ail ofictal ad~ ministration; that {0 secure thia is the duty of every citizen; that to this end every good man should feel bound to participate in politica; and, to make an end 10 bad men forcing their election by securing a party nomination, we declare it the duty of every Republican to oppose the election of a Lad man and incompetent official, whether he be 4 candidate mpon our own or upon any otber ticket, Inasmuch aa the Convention was a Gov. Car- ponter affair, it would not do to thus ** declare it the dutyof every Ropublican to oppose the election of a bad man and incompetent official.” The Des Moines Register, organ of ore faction in the party, says, however, of the rejected reso- lution: 1t i sound and right; it should have been passed ; and the Convention in blinking it, and the Committes on Besolutions in smothering it, did that which will cost the ticket 8 good many votes, We fear the public cannot see any good reason for the rejection of thereso- Iutfon. If the ticket cannot atand before such a reso- lution it is bad for the party. —The spectacle was presented in Dubuque, 1ast Baturdsy, of ex-Senator George W. Jones, in the Republican County Convention, objecting to J. K. Graves a8 Chawrmsn of the Convention, ‘because Graves was not sound enough 2 Repub- lican, having last year becn tainted with Gree- leyism. The Dubuque Herald says: Gen. Jones is the ssme gentleman who saveral years 380 was cast into Fort ‘but now he proves an a) 28 he already wishes to crdtic associates who are guilty of abusing that great end good Lysses Grant, He is going to Des Moines, snd we suggest him for Chairman of the State Convention, —The dierences which separated Republi- cans a year ago oughtnot to operate now, as the situation is wholly changed. . . . . The present situation affords an excellent opportu- nity for the restoration of those personal and political relations which gave prestige to the Bepublican party in the past, and which will af- ford thebest guaranty of serving the public in- ‘tarest in the future. Wo hope to seo all Ropub- Heans united this yoar in support of tho oo 8 and_condidates o A oo a} party.—Dacenpori —We cannot excuse President Grant for wif holding hia veto from this mniquitons sanirs although he received no sharo of tho back pay. 2ad wo demuad of our next Congrees a repeal of e s u;"ry —AMuscatine Republican —It was truly remarked by one of the ers that 1o man in this nation can get so h}.’g?:fi: position that he is beyond criticism, and that it is tho duty of the peoplo, and especially of ths party that elevated Gen. Grant to the Preai, dency, when they see anything wrong in him to 8ay 50, at least in the mild language of this rese. lution.—Muscatine Journal—organ. —Let the Repubucans remember that, whi Datronsgo s strong, and leadors are strang, Log n;njor;tx&s are szlro?.g, the threatening indigna- tion of the people is stronger still.—.Ng ams (fl[a.u.; anscript. i R ~—We doubt if the Republicans of 1 3 setts are foals enough to nominate sm“’fifi}‘n'i If they do, the farmers and other honest man will give them such a rebuke s tho Liberals got in Kansas last fall. Men who voted for that in- croase of salary bill signed their own political death warrants.—Afchison (Kan.) Globe. —The man who leads the Repablican party in Massachusetts is a National Republican leader. Ho gives character to the party thronghout the Dation, and to the party here in Wisconsin. This {fack is still more pipu.nly apparent, when Senator Matt Carpenter, the chosen Republican leador in Wisconsin, leads the campaign in the back- pay grab, while Butler is running on the same plattorm for Governor of !\hu&c%\uafll.—lfi# wmdéu N;un. _— —Gen. Jasper ard was in the city for short time to-day, and, of conrse, fiaigd Lrh: Tribune office. He claims that tho salary-grab Congressmen are not lfiuita 80 bad a3 we have made them out to be; of which may be true, but our opinion of that immoral band of heroes who have gone into history as_back-salary-grab- mxemninu unchanged.—South Bend (Ind.) ine. —Out of 317 Congressmen and Senators, about 275 have gone into this $5,000 funeral business, Nouse for partial friends' and newspapers that bask in their emiles to try to save them. This thing will not blow over or be forgotten.—Car- linvills (1) Democrat. - —Among the names of members of Congress who voted for the back-salary stesl given last ‘week, We unintentionally omitted that of Sena- tor JKS_H'N A. LOGAN, of Illinois. We print his name in capitals because he is entitled to more than ordinary prominence in the affair, as he at one time opposed the bill becauze tho sum waa not fived at 810,000, instead of $7,500. He finally concluded, however, that tho latter sum was bettor than no raife.—Chicago Prairie Farmer. —A Washington diepatch eays of John A. Bingham thathe is quite anxious to delay his departare for Japan, thathe may take partin the coming political campnign in Ohjo. We trust no gummaion wil! be given Bingham to delsy his departure, unless it be permission to remain at home permanently. It is bad enough to have to carry the burden of such an appoint- ment as that of Bingham withous the additional load of his presence on the stump, with his $5.000 “‘grabbed” from the Treasury sticking out of his breeches-pocket.— Cleveland Herald. —It would be difficult to point to s single one of the many leadors 50 vehemently and so justly denounced by the Republican press who is not upheld by the Administration. But when the Resgb!ic:m press, in the pursut of the offenders, finds iteelf confronted by the silent power at Weshington, it lifts its hat deferentially, pad- locks its mouth, and retires. No self-reforma- tion is to be expected from such s party. It pro- fesses to desire to rid itself of its criminals, but it dares not lay hands on the citadel where the criminals have all taken refuge, and from which they continue to dictate the party policy.—St. Louis Republican. —The Republican sl.rty started out well. I was much encouraged for my race and party. But ?1 set of m;ln bave now got hol(é of it wh‘n are bringing disgrace upon it, and running it for iheixg;nwi benefit. TIn no State of the Union is the Republican 'fmy in_such odium as in South Carolina. The Legislature is ignorant and corropt. Good men bave been thruat aside to make room for plunderers. Many of the so- called mrgebbnggm among us are of the worst sort, and bad men cannot bo got out of office, until the whole Republican party in the Btate oes overboard. There never wae a party that Bad & better chance to do good than ours, never; never was one that done worse.—issionary Record, Charleston, 5. C., edited by a negro. Every day brings new evidence going to con~ firm the belief that the Allen Connty movement in Ohio was not strictly a local affair,~ but that it wasa deep-seated scheme for overturning the Domocratic party and unhorsing those who have backed and guided the old nag.—Toledo Blade (Administration.) —While our enthusiasm for the time honored principles of democracy is justas fervent now as ever, still wo witness theso unmistakable signs of disintegration, of dissolution with no puag of sorrow. We have thus long only clung to the wreck of the party organization, because the only alternative left us was & choice between the Democratic and that infinitely worss concern, the Republican party. Both hase long out-lived their daysof efficient service for public good, and the sooner they are supplanted by some healthy organization, composed of honest lead- ers and honest followers, thebetter for the coun- try.—Madison (Wis.) Democrat. ~Thosa who, for these last twelve yoars, bave been making the Democracy & poor, oppressed. dovwn-trodden race of beings, have forfeited the confidence of the country to such an extent that the conntry is eager, hungry to overthrow them and put them where they belong and will do the ‘most good—under the clods of the valley. With . the Democratic party out of the way there will be an end of the Credit Mobilier Administration party—which is the inside ring of tho old Re- ‘publican party.— Cincinnati Commercial. —No other party can ever be 80 effective in the opposition; aud if tho Republican party is ever beaten, it will be by those fighting under that old Democtatio flag, and not under auy new ““banper with & atrange device,"—Alany Ecen- ing Journal (Adminisiration). Z_The New York World, we think, is too much Jiko tho officeholders’ organs generally, in mak- ing principles subordinate to party, instead of naing” party machinery to promote the success of principles; hence those two classes of journals, and tho sdherents of each, concur in opposing the formation of & new party, sa by the disruption of the party to which each sticks with s0 much pertinacity those who have hitherto ex- ercised leadership may lose .in the new orgaci- zation the prominent positions_théy now occupy in. their respective old political bailiwicks.— Keoku: Constitution. —We notice that the New York Worldand s fow other jourpalistic, mournera at the tomb of the lato Democratic party are gufly exercised, no to say distressed, over the political grammo just put forth by Gen. Beauregard snibis associates. Itis quite natural they should be. If this movement spreads through Louisiana and the other Southern States, their little resurrection chimera will be pretty effectually knocked in the head. That there will be a Democratic party in this country presently, a party founding itsell 5 oqual rights and iocal self-government, 8 Pty logitimately inheriting and cherishing all hat is vital and permauent in tho Jeffersonisn traditions, is beyond a doubt. But this party will be & very differcnt affair from the late un- lsmented, whose political faith and teaching were admirably summed up in its own favorite formuls, “D—n the nigger!"—Springfield K& publican. —Democrats, accustomed to think and reason for themselvos, have come to, the very rational conclusion that the time has passed when ail théy had to do was to work for the personal succees of ambitious and designing men. The Cincinnati Enguirer’s correspondent very lE- propristely and truthfully observes that the people are awakening to the fact that thoy have beon and are used by men in whom they bave heretofore confided.—Daylon (Ohio) Herald- —A stirring appesl to the Democrats of Butler County : Will you support and be led by each men, guilty of such tricks, and hundreds of such like that might be enumerated? If you will sup- rt and follow such leaders, then work awsy 10 in your tields, hammer on your anvils, stand 8t our counters, and labor in your shops, in order that you may bo able to pay your taxes for the sustepance and keeping of these hnnuf!b}'-‘, honest, and magnanimous gentlemen.—* 30 Deal," in_Cincinnati Enquirer. ™ —The Farmers' Clubs are going to celebr the 4th of July with renewed ardor this yesr- They feel that the annivereary of our nstions . freedom and independence may call from thez some show lgfhflm el:r.husin;m that s_n:m)z them through the past year to wage War mnnopul.ieegmd n{\ga that were dragging 3™ the people’s freedom and independence, &7 making your country—if not sn absolute mal archy—s nation ruled by oppression, governer by fraud, and gubject to the will of lswless cab talists who gain th&ifi-)wsdl}l;_v robbing le.—Moawequa (14., ister. P hiere nesd bo 00 jl_gflmy betwserh:‘:! farmers, who are endeavoring to protect thely selves LE:X\IBQ the corruption of the, hmz; the dwellors in cities, who are laboring daty of samo end. We consider it, therefore, the day ©7 Trades Uniona and organized societies of Iabor ers to co-operate with the farmers in their an) for the good of the country.—. \ BStandard,