Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 12, 1873, Page 6

6 ——e e 'PHE CHICAGC DAILY -TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JANUARY 12, 18%. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERME OF SUBSCAIPTION (PAYABLE I ADVAKCE). Da 1.....812.00] Sund: Rkl 6.00) Weekly Parta of a year at the same rate. N “To present delay mistakes, be sure and give Post Office adiicss & f2l, noluding State Remittances may be made cither by Uffice ordsr, or in registered letters, at our risk. i TERMB TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. i 3 , B 3 , 25 WhaK- Bully: SHens BN men: B s b vk Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, ‘Goruer Madison and Desrbora-sts., Obicago, il TrIsUxE Branch Office, No. 469 Wabash-av., In the Bookstore of Messry. Gobb, Ancrews & Co.. whero ‘wdsertisementa and subscriptions will bo receired, and will have the same atontion ey if left at the XMaln Osice. BUSINESS NOTICES. PPED HANDS AND FACECURED BY USING J\.\CB?AY EKE!K) Soap. Masde by Caswell, Hazard & Co., Now York. FOT DYSTEPSIA, I\ DIGESTION, DEPRESSIONof il’ifi Hxfi;cntnl ‘Debility. the Ferro Phorphorated Ehixhof Callita Back Callinga Bark aad Iroa), o tae Sost tonlo. Mado by Caswoll, Hazard & G0 , New Yo jand sold by Druggists. B . LIVER COMPLAINT _AND DYSPEFSIA-DR. \ScHINCE—Dear Sir: 1 tako groat plsasure in sand- ing you = cortificate in addition tomany you have d; Sl dted from raffering humanity. 1 e, soarce dangusge rutficiently strong 1o ex) my beartfelt grat- ti it tho wonderful cu: your MAND] PRl SEAWIED TONIG bara effeotad Ju $ecomie’s tirdeot my vhelo sato fon: 1 cou . Ty awas Blied with pain: swolliog would ariso e oLy weels. 08 Them Gotally uecless. On e Aitacked wiih rushof blood to the bead, which would fell lnlB 0 tho ground, and I would wrirts and ankles, rendorin, egrare] occazions I wan yway for dead. applied toscveral eminent B o Tons ity o administorcd £ the medicines That they thought would roach the case, but of no avall. Bib of therm said ho conld do no more forme, and nd- itod me, asa last II:BDI‘.I to ok .liver oil. Not D hims the Borrid trash, T declined to take it Accident put your advertisement nto my hands. 1called Foa examined me and told mo the nature of my disease. Nou thea axdered mo the Piils and Tonic, with an observe Sy aF Aich, TICGRAE Jour Word That i one wesk woald find myself anothier mean. I followed your adrice, and, ns you predicted, an astonishing curo was effacter 1 continued your Pills and Toalc for somo time, and now, thapk God_for His it goodness and your valuable edicioes, Tam once more reatared to perfoct. bealth. I Toost earnestly recommend all those who aro finfi(flnfi from ap affection of the lirer wo “Tonic a fair trial and acure will be effected. I h Tmy porsoas to you end they haveall baeh cured, ® Ay 3aformation my follow-citizens may requiro will be froe ‘given by the enb;_crix“.li‘( at Lis -m;& Pnnl:c. P{D. !g} TFeder: E1550 hotween Eiphta stroot 20 Paseynnk foad. i CHARLLS JOINSON, Si., ]rflflflurl{ Printers' Ink Manafactarer, TENCK'S, PULMONIO, SURUP, SEAV 3ud MANDRAKE PILLS, gmv;lnrl lfi' dJ. £SO ortheast corvr SIXTH and ARC] HILADELPIIA. Forsalo by all druggists [Tobe continued.] SC; TO) &C KTREETS, 204 deslers. ‘C.C. COLLINS, i BOYS' OLOTHING, 184 AND 165 OLARK-ST. The Clicags Teibune, Sunday Mornics, January 12, 1873. THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION. Senator, Pomeroy-has o bill pending in the “Tnited States Scnate prohibiting the manufac- 4ure, sale, or use of intoxicating liquor in the Distriet of Columbia and the soveral Territories of the United States. Senator Sherman, of Ohio, ‘hes o similar bill, which s to be in force iri the District of Columbis, tho ecveral Territories, “zndin all places hield by tho United Btates for. ‘docks,” ports, naty yards, custom houses, and ‘for other public purposes in the soveral Statos. {This bill of Senator Sherman probibits the sale of intoxicating lignors to be drank on the prem- " 1508 whoro gold; provides that such liguors shall ‘not ba eold to minors uuless upon the written “order of parents or phyeician; that sll taverns, . \rooms, esting-houes, restzurants, cellars, and usther placos whore liguor is sold to be drankupon- ‘Xt.hu premises, shall bo deemed nuisances, mfl ‘ehall be chut up snd sbated. It makos it un- Jswfal for any perscn to be intoxicated, and pro- ides, something after the manner of the Illi- fmois law) a eeriea of remedies for damages sus- itained by tho sale of lignor. We do niot propose "10 discuss these provisions of the bill, butto note that Mr. Sherman excepts from its operation ¥ tho gale of the wine manufactured of the pure ‘juice of the grape, or beer, or ale, or cider.”. Tho effect of the bill, if it became a law, would ‘e to discriminate against the sale of all other ‘Sliquors, and in fevor of pure wine, beer, ale, and «idor. Vithout enying that Mr. Sherman'a.bill proposes tho best or the proper mode of attain- dng this result, wo think one of tho best, and ;isest, and most effectivo temporanco mensures that can bo .dovised is the substitution of pure wines, and light boer. or alo for “ho fiery alcoholic - beverages which are €0 gencrally uged. In cotntrice where wine and beer are tho general boverage of ihe people, drunkerinesa Lardly exists, though the use of tho beverage is well-nigh wniversal. The de- structive effects of liquor are mainly duo to ;the ‘poisonous compounds that aro sold to consum- cre. 1t is not oxtravagant to assume that nino< “teen-twenticths of the epirits retailed over the counters of the ealoons contain poisonous com- ‘pounds, destructive alike to the body and ‘the - ‘mind. Ttisalsoa fact, that those who bave ed- ucated their taste to these flery. liquids do not religh pore liquor, but thirst aftor .tho- drink which burns throat and stomach the longest and. most inteneely.” There bave been ropeated ex- posures of the horrible ingredients re- tailed undor the namo of epirits.” An investigation and chemical analysis of the spirits sold at thobars in Now York, tvo ears ago, showed that in no instance, Dot even vt the first-clags hotels, was there s pure articla retailed at the bar. The gradations were' con- siderable, but the fact’ remained that ‘all the Epirits thus sold were moro or less poisonous, from tho * benzirie™ of the lower doggeries fo the compound of fusil oil at the more preten- tioas establishmerits, . $te g The habitdal uso of this. foul etuff is -neces- enzily fatal. - Tt in & 'mero- queition of the en- durance of the Stomach nnd the strength of tho brain. Paralseis and deatli'sre tho natural re- £ults of the use of stch drinks, and tho cheaper tho * yrice tho greater, tho quantity and- more poisonous tho quality that is sold. If our podple could bo cducated t6 an- abstinence from theso and other ‘aléoholic - compounds,” .8ud 10 {bo’ U30. 61 pura, mines aad light baers, - tho great and moat deplorable evils of interaper- - snca womld Bo. averted. . While intoxication itself world be grostly reduced, there would be au obatemont of all tiese montal” end physical | . disorders and calamitias which naturally follow. the uso of poisonous mixturcs publicly sold un- der the name of epiritucus liquors. Wo matu- facture anpually in this country 50,000,000 gal- Yons of spirite. This is the amount_reported to the tax-gatherer. Wo -impart large quantities of bracdy ond- other *spirits. Thero; is olso mach that is distilled: that . is never . knowntio' the revenue- officer. This vast smount of epixité ia all doctored; thet.is - to oy, it is drugged and _otherwise mixod until there ic produced and retailed to the pnb- lic twice or -thrice tho’ amount of *the origi- ‘el distillation and import, 2nd it all‘finda’ its ey to the human stomzch. *Now, hé is a true gromoter of temperance who™ can induco. sny zumber of his fellow-men to substitute for this willanons staff the nse of pure wine or bger. Suel a change arrests the fatal consequences of L3 etatiens sheecees no man an habitusl drunkanl, and leaves no consequences that aro fatal to the beslth of either mind or body. We have in the United Btates natural vineyards of almost unlimited extent. The banks of the Ohio, tho Miseissippi, snd the Missonri, and the south shore of Lake Erie, are all capable of being converted into wine-producing regions. The State of ‘Californisalone will be able to supply the whole country, when the proper treat- ment of the grape shall have been made tho sub- joct of further study and experiment. The wine-producing diatricts of the Ohio River bave long enjoyed celebrity, and the Cincinpati and Sandusky wines aro known abroad aa well 28 at home. The winos manufactured at St. Touis from the grapes of tho Missouri Valloy have n sale in all parts of the country, and, auring the last fow years, the samo enterprise hes been found successful at Quincy aud Bur- lington, whoro the Weetern Illinoia Wine Com- pany and numerous private individuals have produced ‘American wines from the Catawbe and Concord grapes that will comparo fa- vorably ' with the - finest imported iines. Whila the country is waiting for the growth and expansion of {his wino business, we have & sub~ stituto for epirits in the shapo of light. beers. The increaso in the manufactura of beer i rogu- lar, and there is somo evidence that it is grad- ually superseding epirits as tho ordinary bev- erage of the poorer. classes. It is cheap. It rarely anox.icltes. Itis innocont in its effects upon health. Tt ° produces mono of the madness and frenzy that proceed from, tho uso of the poigonous compounds sold as Epirits. ‘While it slightlystimulates, it makes no habitual drunkards. .While we would invite no fotal ab- stinence man fo drink anything, we submit to the temperance roformers that they are wasting their encrgies and accomplishing the ininimum of reform with the maximum of irritation, .by waging an indiscriminato warfare alike on wine. and beer, benzine and brandy. ' SEDAN AKD CHISELHURST, - Every incident conncoted with tho career of Napoleon III. is now of moro than ordinary in- terest. is death, which hes followed £o close- ly his ruin ot Sedan, which was his Waterloo, will perhaps attract public attention more gener- .ally to that crushing dofeat, which cost fim his throne, than to any othor ovent of his lifo. For- tunately, a voluma has.just been publiched in Paris, containing tho evidence given by Marshal MacMalion' befors & Committeo of Assembly, so that the public can now know tho real story of .that crowning - -dis- uster to French arms- and the Napoleonic pretensions. The record shows a succession of ‘blunders, dangerous confliets of suthority, and sdverse influences working in every. direction, and clearly exhibits the groat confusion which bad beca caused in tho Fronch councils by tho unparalieled successes of thie. Germans. On the 17th of August, 1870, Marshal Mac- Mahon was sppointed by the Emperor Com- maandor of the Army at Chalons, under Bazaino, who was Commander-in-Chicf. At the sume time, & council was held, at which it was decided Trochu should bo made Governor of Paris, -and tho Emperor should roturn there. ‘The lattet, however, bandoned tho ider in deference.to tho wishes of the Empross. At this time, his opinion was thet MacMahon' and his troops should go to Paris ; but it i stated that he made no in- torferenco with MacMahon's plans after he as- sumed command.F;MacMahon, therefore, com- menced his plans to march towards Melz, o ro- Tieve Bazaine, olely on his own responsibility. On the 19th, ho received & dospatch from Ba- zaine, saying thet it was impossible for him to direct his movemonts, and that he must decide for himself. On tho20th, MacMahon found that tho Chalons position was untenablo against the advance of the Prussiari Prince Royal, and ro- tired fo Rhoims, whero he intended to wait- until ho cowld Jearn - which way Bazzine ‘wus attempting to escape. At Courcelles, near Rheims, he ‘met Rouher, who advised Lim to march to the reliof of Bazaine, but this MacMahon refused to do, as he had no Imowledge where Bazaine might bo, and stated to Roithet that on the 23d ho should commenco his merch toward Paris. On tho 224, ho reteived a dospatch from Bazaino, stating that, to avoid tho invostment of Metz, which must follow after the battle of Gravelotte, ho intonded to.movo northiwardly and mako his escape by the way of Montmedy. If ho found this impossible, ho would then retreat by way of Sedan and Mezieres. MacMehon answered ot onco that ho was at Rheims and would move in tho direction of Montmedy without waitisg to “hear ' furthor from Bazaine or. without con- sulting any one.- Some hours aftorwsrds, the Council at Paris scnt a despatch to the Em- peror, desiring that MachMahon should march to the relief of Bazaine, but neither tho Emperor ‘nor MacMalion gave it any attention, asthe Intter hiad fully decided to march on Montmedy,” ‘and the Emperor had’ also decided not to inter~ fore,with his plans. Tho march wss & very slow ono. On the evening of the 234, the day of starting, ke found that two cofpa had stafted with only.one dsy's provisions. A poriion’ of his army, therefore, had to Lo marched in another direction for supplics. ‘Mcanwhile, the zf«é corpa which hnd provisione, and- bad bogn pustied forward, were attacked by the Germbns' and forced bick. In the midst of this confusion came a despatch that, on tha 25th, Bazaioo was 8till at Metz. "On the heels of this came a despatch from Paris that, unless MacMahon marched immediately to tho relief of Bazaine, a-rovolation .would break oub ‘in the city, ‘and adding that tho position of'the Gerfsns was _such that ‘it” could bo dome. Disap- pointed in higexpectations wifh tegard to Da- zaing; ith & rovolution threatonivg in Paris; still uncertain which way Bazainé would turn; and with a Napoleon by his eido, who seemed to Bave no idea of any sort, MacMahon changed his plaus and once . mora set ont for Montmedy. In this “emorgency, 2s: in mauy .others, where an actusl danger stared him in the_ faco, Napoleon wasi utterly unablo to meet and overcome it. Compated with Lis uncle, whose genius would “have risen ogusl to tho" Emérgency, ho well | merited the derisive appellation of Victor Hugor He was.a dumb “Xapoleon the- Litile.”. counsellor at & time of the most imminent dan- -ger, when the foils of the -Germans wero slowly aud, Eurely gothoring ebout him. The Istter - .were rapidly - Bdvancing. On {he23th, MacMahon learsied that they hiad occu- pied Stanay, 5o that he bad to sbandon tho ides of marching on Montmedy, and his hopa of sab~ sequently falling back on Paris it ho did. not ef- fect s junction with Bazainie, began to grow dim. He was compelled; therefors, to cross the Metse, in order to get posseesion of the bridgesnear Se- dan. Theso - marchea and countermarchee, which . .were simply -the ‘last .desperate P T BRSO tho" As the torritory of operations grew moro circum- seribed marching became slower ; ‘the roads be- cama blocked up with baggage, which conld not ‘e kept in tho rear, out of tho way, for fear of its capture bytho German cavalry. On the 30th, MacMahon could Loar nothing from Failly and bis portion of tho army, and, on searching for him, found him at 5 in the morning at Beasumont. He ordered him ‘to cross the Mouse immediately, but Failly disobeyed. ‘Six hours later, when they might lieve been all pver the river and Lavo deatroyed the bridge; tho Germans camo up with them, while they were at broakfast,- and ronted them. On the next dsy, the Germans advanced upon the railroed bridge ncarBedan. MacMahon sent an ongineor train to blow up the bridge. The engincers got out at the right spot, but the train went on with the tools and powder, and, before more powder could bo got to thom, the ' Germans had tho bridgo, snd commanded ‘the approach to Mezieres. On the 18th of September, MacMahon | was wounded and rendered incapeblo of com- mand, and thero wore now, thereforo, two inca- pables—himself and Napoloon. - Ile handed over his command to Duerot. While the Iattor was trying to escapo by way of Mezicres, ho wos suspended Ly WimpfTen, by the authority of the Minister of War, Napoleon® sceming to havo no sauthority at all. Wimpffon ordered a movement in tho other direction, tho Germans closed in in the dircction of DMeziores, and, as Du- crot’s orders hed mado it impossible for Wimpflen to move in the other direction, elowly but surely the Germans hommed them in, and surrender was an inevita- ble necesity. “Tho burden of the dicaster at Sedan has been thrown upon Napoleon, but tho evidence of Marshel MacMahon makes it clear that, from the timo ho was invested with the command at Chalons, Napoloon was neithor more mor less than o passivo epectator, driftiog hero and there- as the tides of batle camied him, - snd oveatnally folling & victim o the eluggiehness, if not perfidy, of Bazsine, ‘and tho conflict of orders betweon Paris’ and MncMahon, whick wasted tso wholo monthe, and sccomplished nothing. From flio day on which Macfahon assumed command dovwn to tho surrender, ho- was simpty. moving the pawns on the board to escape, not to atfack, while thie leading piccos were station- ary. Homoved in reference to them; thoy did not move at all. They wore casily. invested, and -ho - was soon hémmod in a cor- ner. . Tho: history of. this- campaign brings into strong light Napoleon's Incfficioncy when brought info an emergency whero bold and de- cirive action must be taken at once. Instead of rising, as Kapoleon L. would have done, equal to it, he mecms to have yielded to his theory of fatalism, or-was paralyzed by the magnitude of the difficulties boforobim. The defence’ which France made after Sedan was far more respecta- ‘blo than the operations which proceded it. THE NAPOLEONIC IDEA. Tire_ sudden death of Louis Napoleon invosts with s new intorest tho Napoleonic Ides, which he defined to be the controlling ided of his life, It is to bo hoped that tho Idea has perished with Dim, and that its adhorents Lave sulfered suffi- ciontly to. ba convinced of its utter worthless- ness. The Ides, under the First Napolcon, en- tailed upon France the horrors of needless war, devastation, and debt. Under the Third Napo- loon, it rosulted in tho humiliating dofoat of the French army by the Germans, the loés of thon- sands of lives ond millions of troasure. ~For balf & contary, first and laat, Franco groaued onder the Ceearism of tho Bonapartes, and, daz~ #led by their military successos, their shows and pageants, indulged in delusive dreams, from which it has moro then onco wakened to find itself swamped in carnago snd anarchy, civil “strife, or foreign domination.’ Thié Jate Louis Napoleon was pre-eminontly o plotter, a solitary thinker, and -a literary dille- tant. The Napoleonic Idea has not only been with him & matter of practice and enforcoment, ‘but a matter of theory, which ke has elaborated in two works, his *‘Napoloonic Ideas™ and # Life of Crsar.” That Ides,is substantially that Divino Providenco, in every nge, produces o fev inen, of whom Cmear and tho Bonapartes wero oxamples, who sro -indispensable to the Lappiness of the human raca.. Absoluto. power should bo entrusted to them, for they alono aro competent to exerciso it, and if the peopla re- poso - proper confidence in them and in- vest them with the . requisite . power; they will reach tho masimum of personal bappiness. “aud - nationsl = prosperity and glory. . As applied to' France, Frenchmen wers tho_creatures; tho Bonapattes,-the creators. The *Napolconic ‘Idea, onco accepred, Franco would' bé o Paradise, snd Napoleon I. or Napo- Ieon IIL,, as tho caso might be; the presiding ‘genius, dispensing blessings with a lavish hand, “Infalliblo themselvos, Francowoald bo invillnes- able, and tho'envy of thé world. “This theory of Divinely-conferred excellenco France unhositat- ingly accepted, wrapped itsolf in o false sccurity, revelled and -coroused, and becamo the gayest nation of tho world, without stopping to fore- Gast tho resulta “which might ensua_ from the operation of the Napolconic Idea, or considering that another inan, or numerous pien, might eud~ denly becomo posscased of tho samo Ides, and imagine tiiat tliey were the persons.whom Provi-’ dence had desigrated a3 essential to-the happi- nessof the people and capable of eecuring it. They adopted both conditions ot the Napoleonic Tdea,—that its acceptinée “wonld: result in‘ complete happiness, and that ita rejection would: on the ‘other land, involye them in complete misery. * They only eaw tho Millennivm ap-~ _proaching in the ono caso, and ewift destraction on tho other. - They failed to resch the logical deduction from:the Ides.. JHad theynot the. opers, tho Jardin Mabille snd tho cafes, the soirees and masgues and militsry pageants; an unending ront of pleasures by dayand by night? What more could they desira? Had not the dis- penger of all thesa gaiotice dazzlod tho world at’ Asgenta and Solferino, and “elevated France in” an ineredible ehort space of time to ths highest poaition smong 'the Europesn powers, dictated to England, Ruseia, Tialy, and Ausiris, defeated ho’ Czar, dofonded tho. Pope, punished the -Orientals, conquered “Mexico; and’ increased the French dominions by the conquests of 'war? * For » time it did seem as.if. tho Napolconio Ides wero' omnipo- tent. Bot suddenly there came a'man of strong- “er,idéas than Napoleon, and, almost in-a day, Germany - ehivored -the Napoleonic Tdea as if it bad baea of glass, end its advocate was hurled from his throne as swiftly as Lucifer out of Heaven, *°°° - ki o, To carrying out his Ides, it is evident that Napoleon had not tho most perfect confidenco in T P R W faco of actual danger. To supply this doficit, his vanity was brought sometimes into requisi~ tion. It was manifested at Strasbourg, whero he appeared before the garrison dressed in the Listorig costume of Napolcon I, expecting to overawe them into an immediate acceptance of the Napoleonic Idea. His landing at Boulogne with fifty-threo followers, and his elevation of the flag with the wooden esgle sbovo it, was eimply & melo-dramatic affair, hardly above the digmuty, and almost e laughable, as tho disposi- tion of & theatrical army upon tho stage. His ride through tho strects of Paris, during the Coup d'Etal, Leforo thd massacro commenced, surrounded by staff oftlcers gorgeously equippod, after the manner of his uncle, was only a spec- tacle which, he had the vanity to believe, would 80 impress the Parisians that they would at onco ackmowledge - bis Idea. Mingled with' his sophistry, vanity, and strategy in politics, thero was & morked vein of shrewduess. Hiacon- jocturo that, because the poople olected him Prosident by 'a large majorily, after ho had tico attemptoed to seize the throne, thereforo thoy - would be willing to accept the monarchical form of government, was woll founded, and it was & shrewd sequence’'to this conjecture that Lo managed to got himself clected Emperor by alarger majority than he had reccived for the Presidency, and ostensibly became Emperor by the will of the French poople, in addition to the grace of God. His shrowdness was also mani- fested in tho fact that, while he conld tako the initialory steps of & plot with groat skill and carry it forward to tho emergoncy in the presenco “of which homight quail, ho always chosa for his associates those who could oxecnte what ho had planned. In the earlier stages of his carcor he had not been wise enough to do this ; but his vanity receivod sucha check st Strasbourg and. Bouloguo tliathe lesmed tho lesson well; and tho Coup &'Elat didnot fail. In tho Franco-German war ho failed, because ho hid underestimated the power of the Germaus, and because, althongh ho had men sssociated with him who could execute, theycould not ex- couto as well a8 the men around Bismarck and Frederick Willism. To was overmatched both in brawn and braina. Tt is a8 yet too earlyto estimato clearly what effect the death of Napoleon -msy have upon the politics of Franco, cxcept that it will un- doubtedly encourage Republicanism und strongthen L Thiors. But if.tho French aro not utterly blind, it would scem as if they might now detect for all time thé fallacy of the Napoleonic {des, and porceivo' the disastrons re- sults which must always ensue from its adop- tion, The only thing which can bring perma- nent prosperity to Francois education. . Igno- ranco I8 the most costly thing in this world, and Francs has peid a higher price for. it than any other civilized nation. |, | GINX'S BABY -AND OTHER VARIETTES. Ginx's Baby has como to tho surface again in an exaggerated and oggravated condition, in England, having assured the femalo sex, having figured beforea Polico Court at the immaturo sge of2 years, and baving been sesigned to the workhouse in préperation for s long lifo of unalloyed wrotchedness. The baby's name is Yda Ledgor. Mor mother is & woman about 21 years old, who lesds s looso life. This hes been her occupation ; sho hes foand her - pastimo fn beating the littlo 2-year-old child. Tho mother and child were finally bronght before = Justice, It “was discovered that tho child's head and temple wera contused; the cheek, nose, snd lips formed one great suppu- rating gore, and the body, arme, and legs wero covered with scratchos and scars. - Hero was o Dbabe 2 years old that had suffered’ more sbuso than forty = children should have suffered diring their entire minority. The in- buman mother was senteanced to two years’ imprisonment with ‘hard labor, aud the child was sent to the workhouse, It appears, Doweer, that theso two years will serve simply 88 a vespite during which Ida Ledger may recu- porate sufficiently to enter upon another term of euflering. Under the English law, the child must be returnod to its mother a3 &oon aa she comes out of the penitentiary. An English journal; in reviowing tho case, has looked in vain through the Acts of Parliament and the statuta books for some escape for the unfortunate Ida. Tho mother could bo Lound over to ba of good beharior toward the child, but hor own recogni- zance would be worthless. The child does rot como within the Industrial School act, 80 that 1o ordor can bo made upon the parent forits maintenance. - This .aét provides only . for vagrant and criminal children, snd little 1da is not fortunato enough to come under ithor of theso classes. If some per- son woumld secttlo a sum of money on Jda, she micht become a ward in Chancory, but there is littte likelihood of such & con- tingéney, At ‘the age of 4 years, then, Ida Ledgor will bo recommitted to the care of her ‘mother, whose chiof object in lifo will be to re- yenge tpon tho child's body. the punishment of which t wos tho innocent canse. A year or 50 ngo, s woman wag hanged in Eng- land . for- kecping a slaughter-honso for young bobics. This wos bsby-farming. <A woman bas now been semt to tho penitentiary for baby-beating. But baby-farmingand baby-beat- ing.ato not the only cauges of complaint which the offspring of English parentago have. Thoro aro also tho practices.of baby-stealing and boby-gclling. An sdvertisement in tho Telegraph, sbout the time,of Alice Ledger's con- “viction, reads as follows : ““Baby—The lady who held baby in Regent's Park on Thursday while .tho maid fetchod a cake, and on her return could’ not be found, i6 requested to send the baby to 13 Queen's equare, Bloomsbury.” This is said t0 be-a sample’ caso. . While somo people smaso . themselves in- England - with " atary- ing babiea to death; and ofhera with beating thom to_deatli, therais & class of gypsios Who prowl about, misappropriating bsbies wherever they can find them. It is 8aid to be about asun- safo to leavo a baby lying around loose ss it is an mmbrells. What the thioves do with the pil- fered babies is as much of a mystery as what be-" comes of all the nxsbrellas that arelost, mislaid, or stolen. : - . Another varioty of tho trials and tribulations fo- which {hie -unoffending: babes of Great Britain aroe subjected ie baby-selling. rs. Elizsbeth Hacking, rejoicing in the mors char- acteristic : soubriquet. of - Bedford Bess, was brought up before a Police Court on & ¢harge of having unlawfully sbandoned and exposed her child, 16 months old, whereby its life was on- dangered, Mistress Bess indignantly denied the accusation. She made out s good caso. She Lsd overheard & laboring man gay thet he had thres children that he would not sell for £2,000. She immedistely, and not unnatuzally, concluded weer T 7 e Ta hisheryal & | ebly puzzled, and sho might sell hers to good sdvantsge. The sixteen-months’ child .was doly transferred to Bahnforth (this was tho man's name) for threo sbillings, sixpence of which was, according to the sgreement, exponded in beer for the joint benefit of tho parties. Subsequently, Bahn- forth seems to have coccluded that his bargain was mot. a very good onme, or else his sober estimate of the value of chil~ dren was not 80 extravagant asthat which he hiad made under the influenco of beor. Hosold tho buby at & sacrifice, receiving orly sixpence from one Brown. Brown kept the baby only one night, throwing it back on Bahnforth's hands and losing his sixpence by the operation. Then {t was transferred as o gratuity to a weaver's wife, who brought it into court. Hero it was roturned to the original owner, who was the only person who had made any monsy cut of tho trananction. : Those -efforts &t getting rid of babies, or sbusing them in caso they cannot be shifted off on somebody clse, aro cariously opposed by an American caso of recont occurrence. It has beon genorally admitted that thero mey be dis- pute as to the parentage of & child on+ho fath- er's side; but there was a trial in Louisville, the other day, in which two women claimed to be the mother of one and ;tho eamo infant. This, it will not be denied, is & raro occurrence. The circumatances of the case were dreadfully confosing. On ono sido there wasa white woman, but o brunette; on the other, a mulatto woman, but a blonde. DBoth women- swore to giving birth to the disputed baby, and both produced witzesses to support their claims. Tho Judgo acknowledged that he was consider- scems fe lhave given bis decision simply on. fhe. ground of posscesion, stating, however, that the baby in disputo . might select ita own mother ag soon a3 it should coms of lewful age. The decision would indicate that children have ‘more rights in this country ‘than in England. The events on both sides of the Atlantic indicate that it is time for the question of Women's Rights to give way to the more important sub- ject of Babies’ Rights. DULUTH. TIn his recent messago to the Leglalature, Gov- ernor Washburn, of Wisconsin, refers at length to Superior Harbor, and the efforts which havo beon mado to destroy its natural advantages in tho interest of Duluth. He holds that Supe- rior Bay i the only netural harbor on Lako Su- -perior west of Bayficld, and, in support of it, quotos from tho various roports of Colonol Wheeler, of the United States Engineer Corps, mado in 1863; of General Lowis Cass, who ox- plored this regionunder Government instructions in 1820 ; of Captain Bayfield, of the Britich Hydro- graphic Service, who mado & chart in 1623 ; and General Georgo C. Meade, who made s minute survey in 1861 ANl these gentlemen were agreed that Superior Bay was the only safo harbor that could bé found neer the head of Lake Superior, and that the plateau of land bordering upon this bay was the only eligible sito for & city within a long dis- tanee cithor “way. The expectations founded upon these facts have been dieappointed, Gov- ernor Washburn eays, becauso the railroad com: munications with the Mississippi Valloy have combined with the efforts of individual capital- ists who wore intercsted in them to establisha city upon “the precipitons and rocky clif at the axtreme westerly ond of Lake Superior, a point entirely destituto of any harbor, and exposed to the northwest gales with their uninterrupted swaep of 400 miles.” ~This is Dulnth. _ 1f thero had beon simply a business rivalry between Wisconsin and Minnesots, it is not probable that Governor Washburnand the State suthorities would havs gone to the courts tofind aremedy. Bat tho railvay companiea and the capitalists at their back, ho says, went fo work "to destroy the natural harbor at Superior by changing the course of tho St. Lonis River, which formed the harbor, causing it to empty through a canal into the lake at o point six miles west. A suit was brought in tho United States Court, under the auspices of the State Govorn- ment of Wisconsiz, to enjoin the City of Duluth snd all persons from opening this canal. Judgo Miller grantedtheinjunction, butintimated that it might be dissolved if the persons dofending should construét a dyko to arrest tho flow of water through tho canal. The City of Duluth gave a bond of £100,000 to construct such a dyke befors Dee. 1, 1871, nnd = United Statos Engi- near cortified, in March or April last, that it had been completed in sccordanco with tho roquire- meats. A month from that time, & section, 800 feot long, wes swept away, “allowing the 8t. Louis River,”. says Governor Washburn, * to pour throngh it at the rate of six miles an hour.” Daut if the dyke did not stap the flow of the water, which was the original cause of com- -plaint, it provided another canso of com- plaint by cutting off tho navigation of the canal, which was the only mezns of communi- cation botwoeen Superior and Duluth, tho termi- nus of tho railrosd. Governor Washburn blames the Secrotary of War for his interfer- enco, as he believes that tho injunction againct the opeaing of tho canal would have been made perpetual it the Secrotary had not accepted an imperfect dyke, which could in no caso provont the flow of water. During the month of July lsst, Colonel D. C, Houston, appaiited Ly the Secretary of War, abd W. H. Newton, s engineer sclected by Governor Washburn, mede careful measure- monts and soundings at Superior, and found that tho water in tho -bayhad been permandntly lowered ono foot since the opsning-of the canal, and that ‘the chaonel ot the mouth of the river bas been ghoaled gp seriously. They also found that thers is” 1o _opportunity, for a tidal harbor, a3 thete is no: tide. there. Upon the strength of this report, s suit for- the™ro- moval of the dyke was brought in the United States Circuit Court of Minnesota; but, it being held that this Court had no jurisdiction, it was transferred to tho United States Supreino Courts .where it has not yet been resched. The points made on the part of the Btateare: 1. That the dyke obstructs the navigation of an important psrt of the St. Lonis River; 2. That it is an fnva- sion of the sovereignty of the Stateof Wisconsini; and, 3. That the State of Wisconsin owns a large amount of lsnds in tho vicinity, the value of which is materislly depreciated by the ob- structions and invasions set forth. Governor Washburn expresses the opinion that there can balittle donbt that tho dyke; which he'cills & nuisance, will be ordéred to be abated; and ho announces that then proceedinga will be taken to close up the canal. He disposea of theclaims of Daluth in the followivg eummary manper: “The follyof attempting to war with the' Al- ‘mighty, and to creato o safoharbor wheze Natare Fami tor nand nlmast * snnoratla ahstaslen hag quite likely that the project will be aban- doned. Ho refers to tho November storm, which created ead havoc at Duluth, and to the recent change in the management of the -North Pacific Railroad as presaging the abandonment of Duluth 83 & harbor. Tho abandonment of Dulath, Lowever, willnot neces- sarily make Superior the harbor of the Northern Pacific Railway. It may et be found that Bay- field, which is only 50 miles csal of this point, has ndvantages for tho principal harbor that will counterbalance the ‘objection arising from ifs distance from the head of the lake. ) THE GREAT CONVERSERS. BY PROFESSOR WILLIAX MATHEWS, OF THE UNI- VERSITY OF CHICAGO. ) Liord Stanhope tells s atory of & Scoichman. who, in tho days of gambling and hard drinking, vias hoard to scy,—* I tell ‘ou what, sir, T jusy think that conversation is the bane of society." Such must have been the opinion of many per- sons in England when Niebubr, tho German his- torian, visited that country, for ho complains Ditterly of the superficiality sud insipidity of nearly all the conversations ho listened to, as being sbeolutely depressing. Yet it was .in that samo “ gilver-cossted islo" that bad lived and flonriehed, only s generation before Samuel John- 80on, the Alexander of the conversalional realm, to whoee iron rule the.accomplished Reynolds, the Iluminous and learned Gibbon, the many-tongued Jones, the inimitable Garrick, the classic Lang- ton, and even the eloquent Barke, wore willing to bow; and what talker did ever Germany pro- duco to rival Johnson? To discuss questions of tato, of learning, of casnistry, in langusge 50 exact and forcible’ that it might nave beon printed without the slteration of & word, was to him, 85 Macaulay has remarked, no exertion, but 5 ploasnre. He loved, as he said, to fold his legs, and have his talk out; and he loved es-" pecially to talk with those who were able to send Lim back every ball that he throw. Sluggish by natare, and averso to the drudgery of compo- sition, he found conversation to be & necessity of his vigorous and teeming intellect. His pow- erful logic; his prompt and keen retorta; his pithy and saga remark; bis apt quotation; his merciless wit; his princely command of lan- guage; his intense positivism, dogmatism, and Bow-wow manner; his mingled cynicism, mel- ancholy, pathos, and tenderness,~made him ono of the mightest talkera that evor lived. It has been truly said that big vivid. pithy talk spoiled men for eversthing that was not &t once both weighty and smart. , “It was at onco gsy and potent; its playfulness resembling the ricochot- ting of - pixty-eight pounders, which bound like India-rubber balls, yet bat- ter down. fortreeses.” Contomporary with Johnson, though mnot of the Club, 'was Horn Tooke, who, nimble-witted and fall of learning, overflowed with an interminable babble. Yet, he was no mere bebbler, but bad ““ cut-and- come-again” in him,— tongue with a garnish of brains,” 1 A Coutemporary with Johnson, though rounger, was % Auld Sdotis's” greatest bard, who added colloguial genins to his other gifts. That the man who dasbed off Tam O'Shanter in » single day, and of whoso terse, caustic, and humorous lines snd sentences 8o many- hundreds have passed liko iron into the blood of our daily speecli, was & charming talker; we should infer, as o matter of course. ‘The - Duchess of. Gordon enid, somevwhst conrsely. in allusion to the flery sleet of tho poet’s discourse, that he conld talk hor off herlega. In the nextage, wo have Sir Walter Scott, whose conversation was not brilliant, but frank, hearty, picturesque, and dramatic. Hs pronounced Georgo Ellis the first convorser he ever knew, and oxpressed the opin- ion that the higher order of genius isnot favora~ ble to convergational excellence. That Byron was a eplendid telker nono can doubt, *His more serious conversation,” said Shelley, “is a it was now Childe Har- old, now Manfred, now Don Juan, and anon the quintessenco of all togother. It is said that in the days of Jekyll, Mackin- tosh, and Bydney Smith, society had no member moro popular than William Wilberforco, Mad- amo de Stael pronounced him the most brilliant converssr she had met with in England. Wit, it has been said, may either pervade a man's con- versation, or be condensed in particular passages of it,~as the electric current may either be dif- fused through the atmosphere, or flash across it. ‘Wilberforce's wit was of tho former kind; he hadno terso and pregnant jests, yot whatever he snid was amusing or interesting. Some- times Sir Francis Bacon would supply the text, and sometimes Bir John Sinclair; but whether he fosed the puare gold of the ssge, or brayed, 2s in & mortar, the crotchets of the simpleton, the comment was irresistibly charming, though no memory could retein tho glowing, picturesque, or comie langnage in whichit was delivered. Mack- intosh, lis contemporary, must have been, we think, n wearisome talker, in ®pito of—or, rather, on sccount .of—his pro- digious learning, although Robert Hall is reported to have eaid: ‘‘Ihave been with Mack- intosh this morning; but, oh! sir, it was like the Euphrates pouring itself into a teacup.” . Sir Jamos had little vorbal wit,—brilliant ropartces, pungent ssyings, concentrated, and epigrammat- io remarks, were mnot his forte. His talk was “luminous, lottered, and long-memo- ried.” Tho shrewd, masculine Joaona Baillio calls bim a clever falkor; “but he tried me very much, although my sister once repeated £o mo soventeen things ho said worth remember- ing, one morning st breakfast.” To Bydney Smith's colloguizl powars we can but barely.ad- vert; who could do justica to themina touch- and-gonotice? We can think of no great con- verser, whom we would have walked more miles tohear. Ho talked, not for display, but as a bird sings, because ko could not holp, it,—bo- causa his mind was o spring bubbling over with ideas, and, a8 he said, ho must speak or burst. Though the prince of wits, ho was no mere jokor, or barron provoker of lsughtor. There a8 always plenty of bread tobis sack. His fa- vorito maxim was ;, Take as many half-minutes 28 you can get, but neyer take more than half & minute without pausing, and giving others an opportunity to strike in; and he vowed that e clovor aquaintance of Lis; who talked on the opposite principle, was the identical Frenchman who murmured, as ko was anxiously watching & rival, Sil crache on tousso, il est perda!” Was Macaulay a fine conversationalist? - It ie hard tosay; the name which Sydney Smith gave him,—s “book in bréeches,"—would imply that he was s monologuist, pot a converser. We wero greatly- intercsted somo years ago by an account given us-of hia ‘tallk by sn English friend who bad the pleasuro of listening to one of his monologues at a breakfast party. Though he took the - lion’s' share of the conversation; * it ,wes not'from arrogance, or-s ‘desiro to monopolize thoe atten- tion of the company, but simply becsuso the. atream welled forth from s foll mind and & pro- digious memory. When-he lsunched npon a aubject, there wis no hope of arresting his voy- age, nor any wish to do'so. Comimencing with tho romotest beginning of his theme, hardly “gkipping the deluge,"~just a8 he begin his History of James IL with the Pheenicians,—he +would oll on a mighty flood,” gathering volume and power at every moment, ill thers secmed no reason why the fallc ehould ever cease; no more than for the Amazon to run dry, or time to pause in its flight. - The talk had some. of Mil- ton's organroll, ‘and was only to be closed by AMilton's organ stop. e b Ot all the great talkers of ancient or modern, times, the Coryphaens, or Jupiler’ Tonans, who * Sternhold, himself out-Sternbolded,” wasnn- quéstionably Eamuel Taylor Coleridge. Though eulogized 80 often 23 a converser, he was, in facs, rathor a lecturer, preacher, or declaimer, and poured forth kis brilliant, unbroken mono- Tamiaa nf ben or fhean bovad e Ho o 6n Tabane the light which “ho throw upon overy scbject, even the dullest, as tho sun turns the drearipss vapors into clouds of gold,—~s0 charmed by the words, 5o rich, 0 rotund, S0 many-hued, that passed bofore their gaze like a flight of purple birds,—that, like Adam, whose ears were fillag with the eloquence of an Archangol, the hearers™ “forgot all place,—all ecasons and their change.” The enthusiastic Hazlitt, the conacientious John Foster, and the severely-criticsl DeQuincey, alike oxhaust thoir superlativea in testifying tg his posor.. “Ho spun daily,” savs tho Iatter, from the loom of his own magieal brain, theo. riesmore gorgeous far, and supported bya of images, such 28 no German that ever breathed conld havo emulated in his dresmse.” Much of tho effect of Coleridge's eloquence was Mng.' no doubt, to the charms of his manner ; for his volce, it ia said, was naturally €oft and good; and thongh it had contrncted itself into g plaintive snafle and sing-song, 80 that his phrases of German terminology, *‘object” ang ““gubject™ wero nasally organized into “om. m-ject, and *‘sum-m-ject,” with “a Lind of solemn shake or quaver as ho rolled along,” yot there was a dreamy soothing in his accenta, it18 maid, of irresitible power, especislly when pootry and imagination were tho theme of hig high argament. But the most brilliant eloqusncs tires at last, and oven that of tha Highgato ssga failed sometimes of its witching effect npon the hearer's ears. To sit etornally, a3 8 mers buck. ot, and ba pumped into,—to bo acted on forover, and never to react,—is what no human being, except a dunce, can long endure; and even thosa who bowed to the sceptro of this “Antocrat of the Breakfast Tablo,” felt, atter thoy had listen- od to a soliloquy of five hours' duration, that they were pumped foll, and cried “Hold, ‘enough!” Few will fail to remember the story told by Theodors Hook, of & three hours' discourse from the ¢ Rapt one with the god-like forehesd” which - T waa suggested by two soldiors seated by the rondeido,~—and Hook's characteristic observation at the close: *‘Thank Heaven! youn did not ses 4 regiment, Coleridge, for in that case yon would never have stopped.” Sir Walter Scott describes 8 dinner party at which ho was equally bored by & most learned and everlasting harangus of Coleridge on ihe Samothracian myeteries, Homer and the Wolian hypothesis, eto., etc., and con- cludes the account with the impatient exclams tion,—*Zounda! T was never so bothumped with words.” Yet doubtlesa there ware others of the party who nover dreamed that they wera aither cndgelled or boflogged, and who went away ex- claiming to themselves,— “ How charming is divino philosophy | Not harah and crabbed, 15 dull fools suppose, ‘But musical as is Apollo's Inte.” To make 2 good tallker, gonins aod lexrning,— even ‘wit and eloguenco,—are insufficient; to these, in all orin part, must bo added in soms degroo the talonts of active life. The charscter has a8 much to do with colloqual power as has the intellect ; tho temperament, feelings, and animal spirits, even moro perbaps than the men. tal gifta. “ Napoleon said things which tell in history like his battles. Luther's Tablo Talk ' glows with tho fire which burnt the Popo's Ball.” Crsar, Cicero, Themistoclos, Lerd Bacon, Saldem Talleyrand, and, in our own country, Asron Burr, Jefferaon, Webster, and Cheate, , wero all, moro or lees, men of action. Sir Walter -Scott tells us that at & great dinner-party, ho thought the lawyers beat the Bishops as talkers, ead the Bishops the wits, Nearly all great orstors havo been fine talkers. Lord Chatham, who could electrify the House of Lards by pronouncing tha word *Bugar,” but who in privato was but com- monplace, was an exception; but the couverss- tion of Pitt aid Fox was brilliant and fascinat- ing,~thst of Burke rambling, but eplendid, rich, and instructive, beyond ‘doscription. Moore finslly eays of tho latter that it must hsva been like the procession of a- Roman trinmph, exhibiting power and riches ot “every stop; oc- casionally mingling the Iow Fescennine jest with the lofty music of the march, ‘but _glittering all aver with tha spoils of s ransacked world. The literary men of Franco and England have Teen fatmed st times for tho brilliancy of their social eloguence; but the ancients sppear to have mado far moro of conversation than . the moderns, for, lacking the immense advantegeof tho printing-preas, by which thonght s circaleted with o electrical rapidity, it was chiefly by oral means that they were compelled to communicat with their fellow-men. In our own day {heart of conversation is fast dying out., The diiner- . table, tho supper-party, and the rout, afe no longer the Lattlo-llelds in which are tésted and tried the ehining arms of the scoome plished scholar. Thero is fo longer tho play of wit and raillery, the brillisncy, tho conpen- tration, tho rapid glancing at o hundred subjects in succossion, which there used to be, The At~ tic nights of Johnson, Burke, and Garrick,—ot Sheridan, Moore, Rogers, and other social Iu- minaries; the sympoais of the demi-gods,at which, with their cut-and-dry impromptus, their polished and preparod repartoes, and their delib- erato ontbreaks of genius and of fun, they Wea undying glory and immediate applause,~bava passed away forover, and “the ago of calouls- tors and economists” hns suceseded. As ‘the old coacli-roads have given way to railways, 50 conversafion has given way to the press, Men wréak thoir thoughts upon expression,notin talk, but in ““copy.” Iustead of listening to lit~ erary lions, they prefor to crackle Tam Tamuxe or the Zimes. Newspspors, mag- azines, roviows, euck up the intollectusl elements of our life, Iike so many electrical ms- chines gathoring electricity from the atmosphers into themselves. Themes aro pre-empted by the press, and tho freshnees and interest exhaust- ed before friends have encircled *tho mabog- any”in_tho evening. Professional literateurs, .~ aspecially are becoming losa and lesa inclined 10 post-prandial elognence, and Iy out” far lest than they once did for conversation. They Lave £00 keen an eyo for the value of their stock-in trade, not to bo niggard of their idess in social intercoureo, and to hoard them up for reproduc: tion, at somonuspicions time, in a profit-yieldiog form. Not merely long and elaborate perform- ances, but oven puns and conundrums, are 807 marketabla commoditics. Tho pettiest jokelst has o cish value; and thore is no sncedofd £ trifling, no scrap of knowledgo go insignidcsnt o felicitons exproasion of an old truth, or dizt suggestion of a new ane, which may not b o verted intoadime ors dollar by the litersy ‘miser who makos the acquaintanco of the peri- odicals. In short, the entire tendency of thidgy in theso Iatter days of tho nineteenth centusy, is to contract conversation within such pazo¥ limits, thet » fear has been expressed lest -some farther development of tho- clectric 16~ grapk should reduco us to a society of muics, & to a sort of insects, communicating by ingoion? antennm of our own-invention. - —_— : There may, or may not, be a great deal of glory attached to a reaidence in Washingtan, but ther? is no doubt about its being aa expensive loxarT- Jnst now the Item of expense that thrastensihs tax-ridden inhsbitantsof tho 2nomalons Tard tory known asthe District of Columbis 18.£07 the insugural ceremonies on the Fourth of oex March, - The Committeo having chergsof {if important occasion have requested (of, 0T very respectfally) the Gavernor of, the Dis to call & spocisl seasion of tho Legislstare: vote an appropriation to defray the espense The celebration is to consist of processiot ‘military and civic, tho_illumination of Peas sylvania- avenus, tho display of fre-workss » ball, etc., with Committees enongh toayallib expenses indefinitely. - As the inbabitants of 158 District of Columbis ara not pnn;fim to 3 for President, the exact justics of th expenses of a showy inangural is Lar O being- spparent. Pethaps itis becsuse the. ‘; trict Gevernment Lias not yet tazed the poogl® their fall capacity, ¥ S AN . e b AT ——ee ' " i - th —The Bishops of the Methodist Churchy their 1ste address, speak zpprovingly of c&ZF meatizgs, but sdd s ot of warniog 10 EL