Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 27, 1872, Page 4

TIIF, CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1872, bo suro and give Post ydratt, oxpross, Post ons will bo recoived, and on a8 if loft ot the Alzin — CONTENTS OF TO-DAY'S TRIBUNE. TIRST PAGE-Recen: Rafiroad Disastors: Farther Ps ticalars of tte New York 1aniity—Fearful Loss wnt aad Her Lover—General Delused Transportation: The Liability anies for Losses Arising Through y—City Porsonals—The Mania fur z in th: Creon Mountain State—Anather Cisgter by 1o Stato Insurance Company Muddlo— Tias Law Courts—Tho Orleans Princes—Tribuno stisomonts. noss Befcro the Leg- : Proposed Con- : Tho Death-Roll of 1872; ows Ttems—Notes and Trade—Congress ia 1972 as. 55 of the U azk Con- ihway News—Tho City in ph. Motctsry and Commerelal—Ratirosd co-operation with the London Agricultural Union, 200,000 strong, will sond, it is said, hlf a million English and German workingmen and farmers fo this country next spring. A Com- mission leaves Germany shorfly to choose and buy tho lana best fitted for thcuses of thiceopeo- plo. Tho St. Louis Democrat ssys that, “ divosted of buncombo and irrelovancy, tho point of Judge Campbell’s address is narrowed down to an attack upon the decision of Judge Durell, that the Enforcoment act gave him jurisdiclion in the cases mentioned. Jurisdiction once con- ceded, it follows that every order madoin the cago must be respected, and, if need be, en. forced by the military authority against all op- position.” This would bo correct and logical statement of the case if the United States Con- stitution, where it prohibits Federal intcrvention in the domestic affairs of a State, knd mado an exception in favor of the decrees of o District Court. Itmakesno such exception. The op- ponents of this intervention rest their caso upon tho prohibiting clenze, and demand thnt, while that cleuse stands unropealed, it shall be oboyed. Sundry newspapers in tho State of Iows llege that, becsueo we did not enumerate tho Niagara Falls Ship Canal in the list of depraved schemes to rob the public Treasurv, we aro in favor of that project and opposed to all tho rest. Wherce it appesrs, according to the Davenport Gazelte, that our platform is narrow- ed down to a championship of the interests of Literature—Sult on a cte. 5 Telegraph—Fizes— .n2o0us Locul and T ladison strect, botweon smont of Miss Charlotto Aciph strect, be- Comedy Compaay. —Wabash asenve, corner of Con. cment of Lawrcnco Barrott. roil Tamily. Now Sea- ** Car Motkar.™ Moarce strect, between Cotton & Kembie's ~Desplaines strset, b Tao Leou Erothers, BUSINESS NOTICES. DS AND FACE CURED BY USING Soap. 3iada by Caswell, Hazard & Co., DEFRESSION of ero Phosnhorated and Ireay, is to 4, INDIGESTION, i ho_ TN RY THE ANGUISH MAXY om rhoumatism, Wo gay umnecessiry. becatso Mustang Liniment io the af- ¢ in o eurs or tooth, af- TOW UNNEGE. permant s, ewcllings, and all inju- ch réquire troatmeat externslly, this iore regerded o5 tho most potent and in extsicnce, £ borses zud catt CLOTHING, 134 AXD 188 CLARKST. Fridey Morning, December Susan B. Anthony and her fourteen compso- fons in suffrago have been held to bail of $500 each to appear at the next session of the United Slates District Court, to answer the charge of iliegal votiu cn the lakes znd the St. Lawrence d loss this year of nearly 3,250,000, cne-third of which, £1,035,000, occurred in the month of Novembor. The number of vessels In tho Stokes tri: of tue Eria Reilway testified that some time be- fore tho murder Stokes had declared to him that he would shoot Fisk. When this testimony resterday,a former employe was giver, Stokes lost control of himselt and cried aloud that it was all false, Thirty lives are now ssid to have been lost by the awful aecidnt, the day before Christmas, on tho Bafalo & Corry Buzd. Ninctoen bodies Bave been resovered, of vwhich only nine are recognizable. Of the others, and those still un- der the wreck, little is left but cherred bones. fome of the miners cngaged in tho strike at Springfieid cro anxious to return to work, and have bean asszred of protection it they will do 0. Meanwhile, tho foundries and factories have stopped for vant of fue), and families aro sup- plicd with diicully. To sepport tho Teton Sious and keep them in §00a huwor, cost us £560,000 last year. This Fear 8200,000 is appropriated by the Indisn bill passed by tlo Houze. New como afidavits end evidence to show that there are not and nover Bave been ary steh people as tho Teton Siouz, and that the money spent on them was drawn By the Indiun Agents on fraudulent vouchers. Buffalo {5 suflering from a unique and slarm- ing calamity. The current of Niagara River hag been {urned backward into Lake Erio by a siolent easterly wind, pnd the pipes which supply water from the river to it city are left high and dry. This has doprived the manufac- 2ories, tha Water Works, and the railroads of their water, aud leaves Buffalo helpless in the event of & fire. There are threo measnres before Congress for the expenditure of public money which aro like- 1y to be hitched together and log-rolled to their destination—the Hubbard Tostal Telegraph bill, the James River and Kanawha Canal, and tho double-track steel railway from New York to Cinciureti, Chicago, and St. Louis. Perhaps the Niagara Fells Canal will be let in also, but that is doubtfol. The Fox and Wisconsin River Tmprovement, and the canal from Charleston to ke Aliesiesippi River, have been ruled out. Qae of the results of tho restrictive policy of the German Government toward emigrants has been the forming of an associrtion in Ger- Chicego, or else to an allianco with {lio *rail- rond kings,” or el to an unduc attachment to free trade principlos, or to something clso most painful snd recondite. Our angwor is that tho reason why we did mot onu- merato the Niagara Falls Canal was that we did mot supposo it was seriously contemplated to dig anothéf canal to connect Lakes Erio and OntariC, withont first attempting to secure the enlargement of the existing ono— the use of which Las always been extended £o us volunterily by the Canadians, and has now been eecured to us by the Treaty of Washington. It Lias been hinted to us in no vague terms that wo might obtain the enlargoment of that canal and of several others equally important without ox- pending a dollar. Wa ero certainly in favor of 21l the canals which wo can got for nothing. The Chicago produce markets wero more ac- tive yesterday, with tho exception of provisions. Mess pork was quiet and e higher, at $11.50@ 11.55 cash, and $11.80@11.85 seller March. Lard wes moderately active and a ehede firmer, at $7.00 per 100 1bs cash, and $7.30@7.35 scller March. Meats were quiet and steady at 3¢ for ehoulders, 5%¢c for short ribs, 53¢ for short clear, #nd T@7l4c for greon hame. Dressed hogs were in fair demand, and steady, ot $1.25@ 430 per 100 Ibs. Highwines were moderately active and unchanged, at 89@891¢e por gallon. Flour was rather more active, and stendy. Whest was active and irregular, closing 24c lower, at $£1.18%c cash; $1.183¢c seller January, and $1.21 seiier February. Corn was more active, and 3(@3{c higher, but closed dull 8t 30}¢c cash, and 303{c scller January. Oats were quiet and a shado firmer, closing at 2454c cash, and 243(@243¢s seller January. Ryo was unchanged, at 69@70c. Barley was in better do- mand, and X{@Ic higher, closing at G3i¢c for No. 2, and 5l for No. 8. Live hogs wero dull, but were more firmly held, in confoquence of light receipts; sales wero reported ot £3.50@ 8.85. The esttle and sheep markets wero devoid of animation, and values were simply nominal. Farmers’ “ Granges,” or clubs, are being or- ganized quite ostensively in Illinois and lows, having for their object an examinstion and dis- cussion of the reasons why they, a8 s class, are 8o poor. The lows Homestead publishes s, Jetter from Bamuel Sinnett, addressed to these Granges, urging them to demand: 1. A limita- tion of local taxation to 134 per cont; 2. “An equitable system of taxation” ; 3. Arogulation of railway charges ; 4. A reversal of all decisions of the Supreme Court ‘‘that are in antsgonism to the reserved private rights of the citizen.” Ieaving Mr. Sinnett to regulate the Supreme Court and therailways, we invite the attention of the Granges to & tax on agricultural products which hes, perhaps, escaped their attention. It is generally conceded thatwe pay for ourim- ports with our exports. When the Government puts a tax of 50 per cent on imported articles, it virtually confiscates ono-third of the exported artictes which we give the foreigner in exchange. To take an illustration: John Smith imports a blanket costing two dollars (it he buys it gt all he importsit at second hand). The Custom House officer makes him pay one dollar more be- foro he can get possession of his blanket. Ile gives twelvo bushels of com to the for- cigner who made tho Dlankot, snd six bushels to tho Custom Honso msa who prevents him from gotting it out of tho ship. Of the cighteen bushels of corn involved in the procurement of the blauket, the Govern- ment has taken one-third. So far as this taxa- tion is needed to defray the expenscs of the Government, thero is no complaint, although it might be urged that this was an excessive iax on corn, or whatever else is oxported to pay for the blanket. But when the tax is imposed in order to compel the farmer to pay tho whole eiglitacn bushels tosome blanket manufacturer for tho samo quantity of goods that tho foreigner offers for twelve bushels, the farmer loses six bushely without an equivalent. The worst of it is, that generaliy ho don't understad the proscss. Wo have received of Mr. Dornhard of this city, a note jn which he compl wo think justly, of the acticn of the Directors of the Public Library, at the last meeting, in refer- ence to certain books presented to that institu- tion, Wo learn that econ afterthe fire Mr. ;inlholz and Mr. Julivg Dybrenfurth undortook ‘“igcity & freo library of Germavp to found in v e literaturo, and for iy , TPOSC Senb cireular “~ mot with lottors to all parts of Germany. 'tue, kind aud liboral responses. Subscquenily, Witw the congent of the donors, they turned over tho first inatalment of their collection to tho Public Library. Some ten days sgo they delivered the books at the Library rooms freo of exponsa. Mr. Eihlholz states that the books thus de- livered consistod of 901 works, embraced in 1,199 volumes and 119 parts. Of these, hosays, Lo found upon personal examination there were 113 bound volumes; §00 volumes in paper worth binding, and 230 small or ephemoral pamyhlots, of which & very few aro not suitablo for a public Lbrary, o states that tho donors, in sending, gave copies of each of their publications, At tho last mecting of many with o membership now numbering 82,000, £2d funds in hand of §150,000, for the purpose of stimulating the emigration which the Gov- the Library Board, Mr. Anthony moved a reso- lution of thanks to the donors of the books proseated through Mr. Kihlholz, the rezolutions to be published this 3r. Raster moved an amendment, limiting the thanks for thoso books that were ¢ velua- ble,” suggesting that thero was included in the donation & largo amount of trash. This view was sapported by Mr. Rosenthal, and was adopted by tho Board. Against this action Mr. Killholz protests, and assnils Mecsrs. Raster and Rosenthal personally. Wo have stated tho griovance of his complaint, and think that tho oction of tho Loard in the premises was ill-ad- vised end ungracious. The books were a gift; thoy hed been sent from all parts of Ger- many, Austria, and Switzerlond, ond do- livered to tho Library free of cost, and: it is worse then looking a gift horse in the mouth for tho Board to make its thanks so pointedly exclude all books that wero not deemed valualle. A public library ought to be a receptaclo of overy publication not indecent orunfitto be resd. It ought particulardy to collget and preservo the current publications of pamphlets, no matter on what subject. In timo these will havo a valuo, ascuriosities if for noth- ingelso. At all cvents, these books, valuablo aud otherwice, wera a free gift, and it washardly proper to send the donors tho churlish resola- tion which was passed. Itis possible that the Board of Dircetors, at the next meeting, may rescind this resolution, and do justico tothe do- nors who, ot this time, have other invoices of Looks on their way to Chicego. BUSINESS BEFORE THE LEGISLATURE. Tne Legislature of Illinois will mcet at Springfield on the 8th of January, and thero is no reason why tho session should not bo the shortest regular mecting of that body over held in this Stato. The subjects upon which it will be called to act are few in pumber. The regular appropria- tion bills can contain nothing not proviously au- thorized by law, and the amounts being fixed by law, there is but little to say for or against each 1tem. There are, however, & few items whero tho sums to be expended are within tho discretion of tho Legislature. These are the appropriutions for continuing the work on the Stato House ; on tho Hospitel for the In- sane, and on tho Southorn Normal University. In addition to this wil be considered the pro- priety of building another lock nd dem on the Tllinois River, and tho sum to be appropriated therefor. The amount asked for by the State Houso Commissioners is one million of dollars for the nest two years. Whalever controversy there may have beenin timespast over this Stato House matter, we do not understand there is any objection at this time to going on With the work. The ultimate cost of the building is fized by the Constitution, and the expenditure 0 far is s2id to bo within the limits, The only question really.open to discuseion is, whether tho sum aslked or a smeller one can be esxpend- ed to the best advantage within the time named. The samo question applies to the proposed ex- penditures for {ke new Luildings for the charit- able inatitutions. ‘Tho saccessful operation of the lock and dam at Henry, on the Illinois River, with its results upon tho tolls of the canal, can Ileave but litile doubt upon any mind o8 to the wiedom of extending the work still further. The admirable manper in which the Canal Commissioners have performed their duty, and the skill, energy, and economy of tho engincer in chargo of tho new dem and lock are best shown in the results. The netrovenues of tho canal (now owned exclusively by the State) havo been largely increaced by its practical ex- tension. The construction of another dam will still further extend tho businees of the canal, with o much less proportionate increaso of the cost of maintaining end operating. Economy and soand policy, therefore, will suggest that tho additional dem be constructed. The surplus revenue received from the canal already paid into the Treasury will pay tho interest on the psst expenditure, and, added to the income of the next two yenrs, will pay for the additioual dam and look. Theo political action of the Legislaturo is Jim- ited to the clection of & United States Scnator, and the ordinary interest and excitement of this proceeding have been anticipated. The election of Governor Oglesby is a foregone conclusion, and will therefore be a mere matter of form. It is possiblo that an effort will be made to pass a resolution submitting to the vote of the poo- plo an amendment to tho Cousrilution, repeel- ing the minority representation clause. Such s resolution will require a two-thirds vote of each House, or 34 votes in the Senste and 106 in the House. However disgusted tho politicians may Do with this part of the Constitution, the great multitudo of the peoplo ero in favor of it. In meny of the strong Ropublican districts the party mensgers ave disgusted with s law thut provenis s mero major- ity from hoving all tho roprescutation,. and in eomo Democrat distriots the same class are equaily disgusted. In Sangamon County, for instance, tyo Republicans wero elected and one Liberal ; but that result was confessedly produced because the people, having tho oppor- | tunity, clected the three best men, without refersacn fo their politics. Any Jaw or rule which compels parties to nominate their best men for ofiice, or run tho risk of defeat, is a law in fhe Interest of the public, and should be main- taifed. Wo trust that there will be no consider- able support by cither Republicans or Opposi- tion to azy echemo to striko this most escellont provision from the Constitution. Tho railroad legislation will probably be brought up for revi Itis possible that the law does need some amendments in matters of detail : but tho great question of the power to preseribe rates {0 be cherged by corporations is now boforo tho Supreme Gourt of the State on apreals from two oppesiug decisions by Cir- cuit Courts. Asthorailroad legislation of thoState is baszd upon tho theory that such power oxists, it wouid bo weil, perhaps, to postpone further legislation until that qrestisn can bo authorita- tively determin 3 Thero was an efort at the last special session to abolish the ofiices of Railroad and Warehouso © fonors. The same thing may bo at- C"“m‘; i fhie o087 b, If tho Railroad tempted again this su. %o somebody to Iaw is to stand at all, thare musy o enforce it. Tho cry raised agsinst the present Com- missioners is bottomed upon nothing but par- tisensbip. The Com: orers have performed their duties with integrity and impartiality from the beginning, aud their successors, whoover they may be, will not make a botter record for themselves. Tho Governor will havothe appointment, with tho consent of the Senate, of Commissioners of Railroads, Canal, and Stato Housa (threo sopa- rate Boards), end probably of some of the Edu- estionel or Cbarity Boards. There will be somo formal action on the subject of revision of the n. statutes, ot ig, if the work is to be continued et all; and, ag there can bono spesial legisla- tion, it will bo seen that tho 098 of the Legislature ia vory limited, cud might be dis-, posed of in & very fow v s Tho last Logislaiw.. j.ssed a gonoral act for the incorporation of cities, and loft it optional with cities to abandon -their present charters, and bocome orgamized under this general law. There is, of course, a difficulty in making s general law that will mect tho wants of ull local communities alike. It is possiblo that this general law could be more ac- ceptable by somo fow amendments, and it would bo well, perhaps, to require peremptorily that tho question of accepting this genoral law for tho government of cities should be submitted to the vote of the eople at some particular time, instead of leaving the matter of submission dis- cretionary with tho Common Council: This city is at presently oxceedingly embarrassed for the want of power to levy suflicient taxes for sewer- ago purposes, being restricted by o special smendment to tho charter on that subject, and, if tho general act wero made liberal in this re- spect, it is possible that Chicago would readily embrace tho new charter as soon s the law should permit. P PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. Bo many gentlemen have discovered their Ppeculiar fitness for improving our present form of government, that no less than twenty-six different amendments to the Consfitution of the United States have been proposed during the prosent Congress. Nine of these concern the offices of President and Vice President. IMr. Sumner has intreduced two propogitions. The first provides that no persorrwho has once been President shall thereafter be eligible to that office, tho smendment to take effect March 4, 1873. Subsequently, Mr. Sumner offered another smendment, which provided, in addition to the incligibility of & President for o second turm, that there shall be no Vice President hereatter, end that the President shall be elected by a direct vote of the peoplo on the first Monday in April, every four years. In case of s failure to elect, second election shall bo ordered for the second Tuesday in October, the People voting for the three candidates who,shall have had the Iargest number of votes in the first clection. If tho Presidency becomes vacant, the sonior Cabinct oficer all succeod ko it; or, in tho event thas thero i 10 Cingt, offcer, the oldest member of the Bemate sh=: pecome President, until Congress shall chooso & -ag President, which must be dore within thirty doys. The Scnate shall choose its own presiding offcer. Goneral Benks, of Massachusetts, and Mr. Potter, of New York, have both proposed smendments in the House, providing that the Presidont shall hold office for six years and nover be re-clected, the only difference being that Genersl Banks fixes the election on tho sams day with Congressional eloctions. General Morgan, of Ohio, wishes naturalized citizens to bo elected for tho Presi- dency. Ar. Snapp, who opposes Civil Service Reform, still thinks thatno person who is, or hagbeen, & Judge of the Supreme Court, should bo eligible to the Chiof Magistracy; and Judge Poland, of Vermont, thinks that all United Btates Judges shonld be ineligible until two years after vecating tho Bench. Mr. Parker, of Missouri, belicves that the same rule should ap- ply to Senators and Representatives. Mr. Lynch, of Maino, agrees with Mr. Sumner's idea of n of any Lill passed by Corgress, and that a simple majority shiall bo all that ia necossary to overcomo the Prosident’s voto. A gentleman from Missouri has just awakened to the Lovrillo dangors of miscegonation, and wants the Con- stitution to prohibit the intermarringo of whites and blacks. The large number of the proposed Constitu- tional amendmonts; the trivial character of many of them; and the centralizing tendencies thet may be discovered in several of tho most important, should {each anew tho dangers of Constitution-tinkering, and induco Congress to o at-these matters with very great deliberation, when they are approached at all. THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE. Tho defence sct up for the appointment of General McArthur as Postmaster of Chicago, in violation of the Civil Servico rules, may be summed up as follows : 1. Tho sppointment was made in deference to the custom which has permitted every United Btates Senator to control the Post Office of his own city. 2. Mr. Bquires, the Assistant Postmester, made no application for the place. 8. Colonel Eestman is alleged to have stated in = private conversation that Mr. Squires would nof accept the appointment, on account of & new regulation of the Dopartment making Postmas- ters responsible for moneys which pass through their hands. B If there was any one abuse which the Civil Bervice rules intended to root out more than all others, it was that of Congressional dictation of Executive appointments. Those who have been intercsted in the work of reforming the Civil Service have felt that this prectice was tho sourco of the greatest of all the evils growing out of the old system. It prostituted the Fed- eral offices to the purpose of bribery, making the vote of the member of Congress dependent upon the amount of patronage placed at his dis- posal. This is precisely what the Civil Service rules were intended to prevent. If, then, these rules are to be broken in thoge cases where the supposed *‘rights” of Congressmen interfere, it is not easy to discover any good faith in the ob- gervance of the rules that was procleimed with such a flourish of trumpets only a few weeks sgo. If tho Chicago Post Office was given to an outsider because Gonoral Logan desired that ong of his friends or retainers should have it, this departure from the rules is of o kind that opens @ precedent for universal violation. So far from being & reason, an explanation or an Bqlogy for the failure to promote Mr. Squires to Colons} Enstm.m’g place, the delegation of the appointment to the U~ ~1 States Senator is simply a confeasion that the Civit ~ ~vica rules will be enforced or not, according to cu S st ; and Rev. Dr. Henry Ostrander, of the Roformed Church at Saugertios, N. Y. Among the great soldiers who lave died are Major Generals Meado and Hallock, of tho regular army; Tieu- t.onant Gonerals Ewoll and Patton Anderson, of tho Confederzto army ; Marshal Forey, of tho French amy, who defeated the Austrinns at Montetello ; and Field Marshal Sir George Pol- lock, Constablo of the London Tover, I:I(ml Indian veteran, Among Americ:ms in po- litical lifo aro Mr. Seward ; ex-Postmaster Gen- eral Randall; ox-Minister to Lussia Ingersoll; Humphroy Marshall, of Kentucky; sx-SennEon‘a Wall, of New Jersey, Grimes, of Towa, Waller, and an suro, upon which rates ere based, are not actual daet:mmfs; Lowever, in most instances, they ara proportionate. Bo long as this system is ems gfioy&g, ta";cio{ly unimportant junction throughont 0 VWes| 088038 e 2 b cIi‘t poee qual advantages to thosg Wo are reluctant to beliove that any i ol elinjustico is Leing done this cicyy Ifi’e“filfié‘e Prosperity wo fecl 0 mach intorest, and i wl}usu greatness wo take justifiable 'pn',de bythe sailzoad companics in quostion. Eelioving tais our oly objeet s to call tho sttontion of maurs chants and railway officials to the facts herei.n set forth, and otkers to be Lercafter given, ang allow tho mattor to settie itself in favorablo e, sults, X1V, of Wisconsin, Bragg, of North Carclina, Van Winklo, of Wost Virginie, and Garrett Daris, of Henbucky. Among foreign statesmen, Juar Presidont of Mexico; Earl Mayo, the Governor General of India, assaseinated by a religious fa- natic; Mazzini, the Italian revolutionist; Duke do Persigny, the favorite of the Third Napoleon; 8ir Honry Bulwer, the brother of tho novelist, and ouco British Ministor at Washington; Lord Longdzle, the late Postmaster General of Eng- land; and the Duke of Bodford. Royalty has lost Ming Chaxles XV. of Sweden ; Mershal Prim, of Spain; tho Archduke Albrocht of Austria; the Duke of Guise, Don Angel Iturbide, son of the first Emperor of Mexico; and Eing Kemahamehs, of the Bandwich Islands. Among prominent men in private life in this country, who have died, aro David Paul Brown, of Philadelphia ; General Howard, suthor of ‘“Howard's United Stetes Supreme Court Re- ports ;" James Fisk, Jr.; Samuel N. Pike; Eras- tus Corning; Jobn A. Griswold ; Jogeph H. Scranten, who founded Sczenton, Pa.; Paran Stevens ; and Simeon Leland, With the single exception of music, all the other departments mentioned have suffered a sovere loss in their necrology; more severe, verhaps, than dnring any other single year. ——— CHICAGO FREIGHTS. TJuarez, I 4 To the Editor of The Chicdgo Tribune: { When we claim for Chicago the credi.of being one of the great railroad centros of the country, wo donot claim too much. Of the 60,000 or 65,000 miles of railvay in the United States, Chicago controls fully one-fourth. The length of the lines which now actually centre hers, not including branches and tributaries, is nearly 10,000 miles. The number of incoming trains 169. About the same number leaves every day. Twelve, or more, new roads nre in process of construction, which, when completed, will edd about 3,000 miles of line. Tho combined railroed interests of Chicago represent an investment of nearly £500,000,000. Tho totel earnings, during the past year, of the roads centering here, were nearly $3,000,000. stances. The second and third oxplanations are mo better than tho first. The Civil Service rules do not require the assistant to make an applicstion for tho place vacated by his superior. Such provision would be alike super- fluous e.1 unjust. Resignations might be handel and the sppointments medo to fill ine vacant places, before the assist- ants could find out that there wero to be any changes. On this account the provision would be ebsurd. It would be unjust, because the as- sistant would not, as a rule, care tooppose other applicants for the office by pushing his own claims ; ho would be too much interested in re- electing the President by a direct voto, but still wishes to retain the Vice President. Here ends the chapter of Constitutional amendments in regard to the Presidency. Ono of the most remarkakle propositions is an amendment offered by Mr. McNeoly, of Illi~ nois, which virtually provides free trado for the country by Corstitutional enactment. His reso- lution declares thet Congress shall have no power to lay duties on imports or excisos; that revenue hall be reised by s direct tax, lovied according to the valuation of property in tho soveral States and Territories, and in tho Dis- trict of Columbin; that public property, State property, property belonging to agricultural and horticultural socicties, and property setaside for school, religioue, cemetery, and charitable pur~ poses, shall be exempt; and, finally, that each State may raisc and pay its tox in its own way and by its own officials; but, if not paid by acertain timo, the United States shall collect it as Congress may direct. Tho other amendments proposed are of a variod character, and variously unimportant, us s rule. Mr. Comingo does not think fhetany Territory should bo admitted henceforth asa Stato that shall not have a population equal to the quota of one Congressional Representative which is simply o custom now. A Delegato from Wyoming naturally desires that all Dele- gates shall have oqual privilego with Repre- sentatives,. and shall be socalled ; and ho pro- proposes o Constitutional smendment to that ond. Mr. Hawley, of Illinois, believes that United Sistes Benntors ought to Lo elected by s direct vote of the people of their respective States. Gen: eral Coburn, of Indiana, has introduced a propo- sition to the emcet that all United States offi- cexs, except Judges and court officiale, shall be elected by the people of the §tate or district in ‘which they serve, but shall continue under the control of tho General Government ; and Mr. McCrary, of Iows, agrees with him, but goes further, and fixes four years as their term of ofiice. Mr. Hibbard, of New Hampshire, hopes to do away with'a great source of fraud by pro- viding that all Stato clections shall be held on the samo day with the Presidential and Congres- sional elogtions, 3r. McIntyre, of Georgia, proposes that tho fupreme Court shall have original as well as appellate juris- diction in all cases involving the consti- tutionality of any United States law, and still another amendment is proposed that the Supremo Court shall havo appellate jurisdiction in all cases whero a writ of habeas corpus may be iseued in tho lower Federal Courts. There aro two amondments proposed in regerd to the Givppgition of tho public lands. One provides that they glelibo given to actual settlers for homesteads in limitéd quantities, oxcepting min- erallands; tho other is gbsoluto in the sames provision, but admits the giving of lands for es- tablishing a common school system throyghout Tnion. Mr. Potter, of New York, proposes tho v~ - a.iiciation that charters privato to prohibit ol ... - ~a to impair tlie ob- corporations in such & W&y =~ : ligation of contracts or to discrimirate iu r... of any class. Senator Stewart, of Novada, wants freo common schools established throughout the land by tho Constitation, which should fur- ther provide, he says, that mno State, Territorial, municipal, or United States aid shall b granted to schools whero any particular relig- ious doctrines are o part of tho instruction. Senator Tipton proposes that the President shall taining his place as assistant to make a fight for tho placo es chief. The assistant is generally the practical man, whose knowledgo is his only capital, and who dopends upon his salary, Tt is not proper that any regulation should require him to riek the isfavor of & successor. On the contrary, Mr. Bquires was entitled to additional consideration because he did not rush to Wash- ington to tho neglect of his duties at home, and bring upon the Administration such political pressure as he could command. Nor shoulda private statement of Colonel Eastman's, to the effect that Mr. Squires would not accopt the ap- pointment on account of & new regulation of the Department, have boen permitted to exercise any influence. It turns out that no regulation imposing & new financial rosponsibility npon Postmasters hos been made. But, in any case, 1o private report that an nesistant does not de- siro the promotion to which Lo is entitled is sufficient ; it is the duty of the Department to nscertain whether the assistant is properly quali- fied, and, after being satisfied thathe is, to ten- der him the position, leaving it to him to sccopt or decline. THE DEATH-ROLL OF 1872, Tho year which is just closing has been ono of the mosat remarkable in the history of tho world, and epecially 80 for the largo number of promi- nent persons who hevo died in it. Journalism has lost Horace Greoloy, of the New York Trib- une; Jamos Gordon Bennett, of the New York Ierald ; Mr. Spalding, of tho Now York World; Edward A. Pollard, formerly of the Richmond Ezaminer ; General Ambrose R. Wright, of tho Augusts (Ga.) Chronicle and Sentinel ; Thomas B. Holcoinbo, formerly editor of the Indienago- lia Sentincl; Rev. Dr. Amasa Converse, editor of the Christian Obscrter, one of the most widely- circulated journals in tao South; Adolph Ge- roult, editor of the Paris Opinion Nationale; and Theophile Gautier, the celebrated French feuillotonist. Literature has .lost Charles Lover, whoso ‘‘Charles O'Malley” at- tained a world-wide fame; D’Aubigne, tho historian of the Reformation; Professor Had- ley, theYale Profeszor, whose Greekand Oriental ‘writings aro well known among scholars; Sir John Bowring, the Reform writer ; “ Fanny Fern ™ Parton; Norman McLeod, whose theological %ril.'mgs ere very numerous ; and Horace May- hew, the Englishnovelist. Alanggreat nameshave #lso been lost to science,—among them Professor Morse, the inventor of the magnetic tolegraph ; Feuerbach, the German speculative philosopher; Babinet, the French scientist; Dr. Francis Licber, of New York ; and Mary Somorvillo, tho English astronomer. Among tho artists who havo died aro Westmacott, tho English sculptor ; Kensott; Bully; Ames; T. Buchanan Read, both 'painter and poot; and Robert S. Duncan- son, who died roceutly in an insane asylum. The stage has lost Forrest; Hackett; Miss O'Neill, tho greatest tragic actress in England >fiity‘ years 2go; Eliza Lo- gan; MeKesn Buchenan, the eccentric tra- gedian ; Fedley Smith ; Bogumil Dawison, who dicd insane; and Emil Devrient. Not many emi- favor , neat musiciong hevo died, the ouly ones e can © taing Hastings, the Writer ef church recall wlS e PR music ; Towell 3ison § and Tenry G. Coowies the famous critle of tho Lomdon Afhencum. The pulpit has lost tho Roatan Catholic pre! Cordinal Amat ; Archbishop Spalding, 2t I more, 3iskop MeGill, of Rictmond, and Very Reverend Thomes Mulvoy, Viear General of tho Catholic Diocese of Virginia ; also, Dr. Froucis not havo more than ton days for the consider- It may not be inopportune to say just here that, in respect of railroads, the experience of other'® ';"‘8 baa_n_ the reverse of that of most prosperity BR.Cities. Tnstead of her wealth and the fact of her berigpeureably or wholly due fo road centre is, in o great "4 centre, the rail. hor prosperity. Railways have @ the result of atill seeking, admittance; whilo Cfs22d 8r0 dono little in the way of solicitation. 1R, ha8 is, its location at once points it out as the gréf distributing, or wholesale, mart of the Wes. This, and the energetic cheracter of its mer- chants, constitute tho magnet that focalizes so many interests, and is the undoubted secret of its success. Anything more than an approximate estimate of the extent of the wholesale trado of the city would bo franght with considerable labor; suf- fica it to 8ay, the number of exclusively wholesale houses is about 300 (omitting those connected with the live stocl business, and the large num- ber of manufacturing establishments), repre- senting an annual business of probably £600,- 000,000. As tho resnlt of this largo jobbing trado, Chicago becomes at once the great freight depot of the West; seventy-five trains per day being required to bring hither its merchandice. Itis estimated that the sixty houses representing the wholesalo grocery trade pay to railroad compa- nies the sum of £1,000,000 per annum for the transportation of their freights from the East. Should the merchandise which these firms ra- ceive be brought over one road, it would require o daily train of at lenst thirty heavily laden cars. Aggregations of capital and business gonerally secure increased facilities, and discriminations of one kind or another. The latter seem to ba the results uaturally growing out of the former. Extensive purchases can usually be made st lower prices than small ones. This is the basis of tho entirc wholesalo trade. Heavy dealers expect, and invariably reccive, advantages that light dealors could not look for, and would not bo given. This principle, thongh of such ani- vorsal application, seems not to be appliod to Chicago in the froight market. To be sure, meny of our merchants receive concéssions on troights, but they are not regular, nor are they peculier, favors. Every extensivo desler, whether o resident of Chicago or & place one- fiftioth part of the size, receives like concos~ sions. Wo repeat, Chicago, a8 a city, possesses fow, if any, adventages in this respect. Her large capital, hor extonsivo railroad facilities, her im- mense freights, weigh no more in the balance than the mengre capital, few facilities, and trifling freights of many country towns. Rail- —— NOTES AND OPINiON. . Eentucky and Georgia must be added fo the Lst of States wherein Constitutional revision and reform are demanded, —The Dubug Ehoul immed; revision of the for United o the oot 4 Code regular se: 3 —The Osage Herald nominat States Senator from Missonri editor of tho St. Louis Zepubrin —Dutler i3 already the Governorship of nest fall, —Really, Judgo Durell, of Louis; b é;‘fi‘&}‘io':fii“é in Russia orsome u.‘z;‘;‘.’a;';;‘é’fi Sdos o Chovast e, tisn n tue Cited Seitoq C His last exploit i flimsy pretexs, tramped up for thy i s time the Supremo Cour?inmrfemodc:in:ml?o'uifi inoa, The: condition of that miserablo Stato s .or i i) Phitadelghg o o that of s Chinese province, —Tha sessions of ““the Court-T turo” of Alabuma would be discontinucd by thy beyouet-argumcnt wero its mewbors Demenraty gr Liberals iustead of Radicaly. The Alsbaan Democrats and Liberals accepted tho compro- miae proposed by Attorner General Williams i good faith, but the Radicdls, finding that shg o thogement doo nof, as was expected, place them in command of ‘the situation, insist upon bolding Legislature of their owm. Now let Attorney General Willinms Qupliczte Fis Loaie. ;:::ps‘ftl)e&txmm hyt hordufing the Cnited States r sperse theso Radics — ille Tcfinwger-.lvunm[. it Tt~ Louies —The Commcreial Dulletin, in vie Congressional show of indignation pver 1o locking up of & few millions “of enrrency, sag the penalty proposed for such aa offence ' pro- pounds tho following conundrum : * It ic b g0 great a crime fora bank to_cid in locking up £4,000,000 of monoy, what is it for the Goverre. ment tolock up £100.000,0002” The Bulletin for- gots that stealing on s lavge scale ia not 6o crime inal as stealing on o small wey.—Cincinnati Commercial. —DBy the Hubbard Postal Telegraph bill the Government grants 2 uationel chirter and crew ates a tolegraph monopoly, with which thoro can be no suceessful competition. The present compnuies would bo compelled to sell thair lines to the Postal Telegraph Company, upon such torms as the latier their property. States whero tho receipts are fi dollars in gross, ofices empioyes of tue compax ey machinery, free of cost. Think of th Western Union Telegraph Comna nearly ell its oftices, about as needed for the mail service. This is to be vided for the proposed Postal ‘Tele. pany at tho expense of the Govors dition, the Postmaster Gerers stamps, blanke, and_envelop (4 Flenning his campaign for Massaclusetts, to be filled oom Legiela. ed the The s, 8t as i3 to provide aud cmploy to deliver meszages at all telegrap all this—for oftices, reat, the ccst 2ad gelling stampe, and for deliver ho is to receive five cents for ezeh mics: ge, cepting press desparches, upon viich ho is to maiye three cents. We have benzd of a good the coanl propositions in our day, Lut {his is In returii, which we have any recollestion. speculators _prd).this, Hubbarl's compant of graphing. We showdo reduce ihe cost of tele- doso. If the Governmainoso it could a%ord to to print a newspsper in this 'give us theright rent, exempt us from taxation, sy, our ofiico to deliver var paper, and collect 2l b, carriers 18 over the monay, we will reduce the PAFing the Gazetic largely. This is about what & 9F bard asks the Uovernment to do.— Cincinngts Gazette. —As for the Niagara Falls canal, thereisa canal on the Cauadw_ sido, 70 feet wide and as deep as any of tho St.Lawrenco camals. The cost of this canal, ouly 35 miles long, was cticle, it is eaid, $7,000,000, and the American will cost twelve or fifteen millions, the first aps propriation asked for being six. It iSmanifest that it i8 the truo policy of Canada and of tho United States to enlarge this canal and set it apart as neutral territory. There is no probability of war between us, and the surest way to provent it is unite our international interests by a reciprocity that will make it impossible.—Springfield Repuim Tican. —Some of tho - Eastern papers speal of an effort to defeat Mr. Blaino for tio Speakership of tho nest House, and mention several cane didates who are likely to givo Lim s contest. We doubt if the subject has been discussed yob among thoso who will Lavo tho decision to make. The new Congress will not meet until Decem= ber, and none of the new members have been canvassed or_consulted about the Speakorship, we believe. Mr. Colfax was threo times chusen Spoater, and if be hed remnined in the Houso o would probably occupy that position now. Mr. Blaine is now serving his sccoud term in tha chair, and he is confessedly one of the best presiding oflicers tho Houso has ever had. It is not an easy matter to got & good Speaker, as tho old membera very well know, and Dlaine haa given such general eatisfaction that it will bo duflicult to makeit appear thai any party or pub- lic good can bo accomplished by suporseding him.—t, Louis Democrat. —Judgo Durell, of New Orlenns, the serviceas blo tool of the Custom Houso faction, took the oath of allegiance to the Confederaté Govern ment in 1862, Tho papers publish fac similes of this signature, as woll as that appended to the order overthrowing the Warmoth State Govern- ment. Durell seems to be s jewel of raseal.— Cincinnati Commercial. " Wild-cat States in tho West have been created for the secming purpose of giving two ambitivud politiciens seats in tho Senate. They hava road companies admit the vast importance to the West in goneral, and to their fortunes in perticular, of the prosperity of this city. They woll know that, so closely connected are the in- teresta of their business and the growth and fortune of Chicago, that, should disaster over- take tho latter, the former would be equally affected. During our recent desolation these facts becamo moro than over manifest, and, for s time, these so-called soulless corporations worked liko gonuine philanthropists. In proof of our statoment that this city does 1ot possess adventages over other places in the way of freights, notwithstanding the immense business trensacted, we will submit only a few figures. Milwaukeo, situated 85 miles further from New York than is Chicago, pays no higher tariff on Eestern freights than does this-city; while from Chicago to Milwaunkee the rate on first-class “freight is 30 conts per100 pounds. In extcnuation of tlis discrimination, it is claimed tlit competition, with s shorter line, by rail and lake across Michigan, necessitates this, Let us ece how much shorter that route is, The distance from New York to Chicago by the shortest route is 913 miles ; and from Chicago to Milwaukee it is 85 miles ; making a total of 998 miles. The distance from New-York to Detroit is 654 milos ; and from Detroit to Milweuleo, by tho most direct routo, it is 279 miles, making a total of 963 miles. These figures make Milwau-~ kee thirty-five miles nearer New York by direct route than via Chicago. Now, at the pro-rating charge of 2 59-100 cents per ton per milo (based on o dietance to Chicago of 963 miles), the charge on first-class freights to Milwaukee ought to be about 634 cents more on each 100 pounds then to Chicego, provided the freights were all trans- poried by the shortest route. But-instead.of being teken across Michigan and thelake, & goud part of these very freights pass through Chicago; thereby disariminating sgainst this sity to the extent of 30 cents on exch 100 pounds. A soore of places west of Chicago could be nemed wh0as rates are less than those ta this city, distance considered, WhiloIn pe instance, we beijaye, eve discriminations of any smount $i sucsent method of establishing through rates from New vo:t to Western competing poiats is on the pro-rating systel, or, at » fixed Vinton, Rector of Trinity Chuxch, Kew Yor chargo por ton por mile, ';hb distanos to ko been endued with the sovereignty of States when their entire population i8 not that of any one of hundreds of Eastern counties. The digorganized condition of the South has given occasion for mediocre and scheming men to slip into tle Senate, and crafty poliiicians lifted up by railroad and land jobs and all eorts of rings, have been sble to control Legislatures in other States until the United States Senato has be- come what it is to-dey. The deterioration is a3 marked as it is nlerming. So frequent has be- come the charge that the election of Senators lLies been procured by corrupt meaas that it hag almost ceased to attract special comment. And it does not Lappen alomein tho new or the Southern States. We hear of large sums of money spent at Albsny, Harrisburg, and other capitals, in conncction with the election of Sen= ators. Itis common to honr the remark thet _ such a man has nob money enough to be Sens ator, or that another's chances are yood because Le i8 rich.—Hartjord Courant. —Water commuuication between the Atlantia and the Mississippi is, no doubt, greatly needed, For the sgricuitural interest of tho Mississip) Valle it is alia03t o neccssity, since it costs tu bushels of wheat o transport gne from Illinois or Wisconsin to the sesboard. Whether the Government should nid the various projects seeking to accomplish this object, is a serious question. A number of bills are nnw pending in Congress for various projects,aut shilo thero is no danger of any one of them goi.g through singly, there is danger that they may be com= bined, and the whole lot succced. Thirteen of these bills for granting subsidies for_the im- provement of various rivers and canals between the great river and the Atlantic foot up the enormous sum of three hundred and seventeen _million fice hundred thousand dollars,. By uniting theze mensures, and consolidating the Congressional. ~ vote favorable to each separate bill, and the powerful lobby by which each one is backed, it is not im= possible that just this amount may be eppro~ priated out of ‘the Nationa] Treasury. To thess water bills add ayer one hundred miilion acres of land- proposed to be given to naw raitroad pro= jects, none of thom begun, and the people can then judgo of tho reid which it is proposed ta msake upon the Government. Is the present not Ai”d time to stop? Thesnm toral af these subsidy bills is astonnding, and the sooner they are “indofinitely postponed,” the safer it wi Do for tho National orodit, aud the morc satise factory for the Faople. Let private capital and grivne entexprige construct theae water Toutes. eing commoreial nocessities, thoy will pay handgomo profits on the investment. No Govy ermmest gid is reguired, ©ho countryis tire of “‘jobs.” One credit inobilier in a century 13 cnongh, Congress muat appropriate no more money to benefit rings.”"—Denver News, i i e >