Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 5, 1872, Page 4

1 * THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, i872. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERME OF SUBSCRIPTION (PAYADLE IN mvmc;\. * ail.....812.00 | Sunday. 2. RulprmntS1E 00| ek 3:00 Parts of a yoar at the same Tate. e wont delay and mistakes, bo sure and give Post O p wadross in fall, including State and Cousts. ‘Remittances may be mado cither by draft, express, Ofce order, orin registered letters, at our risk. Emags 70 CITT SUBSCLDERS. F d, Sund: epted, 25 conts per week. Daile delivered; Bhnday included, 30 cents per weok. ‘Address 'THE TRIDUNE COMPANY, 53 e Msdison and Dearborn-sts., Chicago, Jil. TrmosE Branch Offce, No. 489 Wabssh-av., in the Bookstore of Mossrs. Cobb, Andrews & Co., whers advertisements and subscriptions will be receired, and will have tho semo attention as if left at the Maln Ofce. Post CONTENTS OF T FIRST PAGE—The Greeley Obsequies—Dliscellsneous Telegrams. SECOND PAGE—Washington Lettor: Interclew with President Orton on tho Subject of Postal Tele- graphy—New York: The Raid on the Obsceno Pub- Tication Venders—Length of & Degreo on tho Merl- ‘dian—Commerce and Navigation: Statistics of the Fiscal Year I52—The Diamond Swindle—Death of Hlomce Greeley: Editorial from the New York Tribuno—MiscelianeonsNew Items. THIRD PAGE—The Lumber District Along the River— ‘Froezing School Children; A Field for Our Humano ‘Sociaty—Home of the Friendless—Pacific Hotel Gom- pany's Anoual Meeting—The Law Courts—Adser- tisements. FOURTH PAGE—Editorils: Civil Sersico Reform; Re- ‘dnetion of Taxation; Postal Telegraph; Erz of Good Feeling. FIFTH lz‘GE—Bunn‘l of Palice: War Inangarated Against Superintendent, Washburn—Amusements— Miscellaneous Local News—Railroad Time Tablo— Advertisements. SIXTH PAGE—Monetary and Commercisl—Marino In. telligence. SEVENTH PAGE—A YVers Anclent Family—The Eril ‘Ese: A Remarksble Caso of Hallucination—Small ‘Advertisements: Real Estato, For Sale, To Rent, ‘Wanted, Boarding, Lodging, ote. EIGHTH PAGE—Forelgn News—Miscellancous Telo- srams—Auction Advertisements. “TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. A'VICKER'S THEATRE—Madison stecet, between Stato and Dearborn. Engagement of Miss Jane Coombs, ++School for Scandal.’ ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted street, sonth of Madison. Lingard Combination. ‘‘A Life's Dream,” ‘with Lingard sketches. ATKEN'S THEATRE—Wabash avenue, corner of Con- gress street. Rubinstein concert. MYERS' OPERA HOUSE-Monroo street, between Btate and Dearborn. Axlington, Cotton & Eemble's Minstrel and Burlesque Troupe. GLOBE THEATRE—Desplaines street, between Madi- sonand Washington. The Lelia Ellis Ballad Opera Com- pany, and farce of ** Poor Pillicodds." COURSE-Dr. Hynes Lecture. ichigan Avenue Baptist Church. STAR LECTURE BUSINESS NOTICES. WEST'S BAZAR, 30 AND1S WABASH-AV., IS b Ty ncheapest Diaca I Chlagato bey a5y oty e s Torbscats, A large abd attractivoatock o Srisea > e {WERT"a €O, importers. FOR DYSPEPSIA, INDIGESTION, DEPRESSION of 5 bility. the Ferro Phosphorated BRiTe 5P, GoRe ™ ank (Calliaya Backand Tigm, 13 the best tonie. Made by Caswell, &Co , New York, 228 so1d by Draggists. ATCHELOR'S HAIR D aaerhve s tho. best i tho world. fect dye. Harmless, reliable, and in e A mridicalons tiits or unpleasaat odor. Remo- es the ill effects of bad dyes. and washes. Produces im- madiately s sopert back er pptort] Do 20t 2 . wott, and besutital. s . g T T i, CHARLES BATCHELOR, Proprietor. N. ¥ " @he Chivags Tribune, Thursdsy Morning, December 5, 1872. YE. THIS SPLENDID The only true and per 0 disay The Liberal Electoral vots of Maryland was cast yesterdsy for Governor ‘Hendricts, of In- m——_———- The storm which ravaged the coasts of North- em Europe, last month, is said to have been the most severe in the last two hundred years. —e “White men will be banished from the territory of the Cherokee Nation, if the bill to that efect, which hss been passed by the Cherokee National Council, receives the signature of their Chief. Toondon was frightened but & few days ago by & formidable strike amongst its policemen. Last night and the night before it was plunged into darkmess by the striking of several thousand stokers employed by the gas companies. All the theatres have closed and candles are becom- ing luxuries. —ee. Inanother column is given an account of the noble work accomplished in one year, in New York, in the suppreesion of the infamons litera- ture with which that city has flooded the coun- trs. Over seven tons of resding matter have been seized and destroyed, thirty-nine of the deslers have been arrested, and their allies in the police force of Now York and Brooklyn have been dismissed. Al this has been dome by the single zeal of an obscure dry goods clerk, who has devoted himself to this work. —— The Californians are mot yet done with the sensation of Mrs, Fair. The sensation conse- quent upon the acquittal was followed by that of the attempted lecture; this [was supplemented by an account of Mrs. Fair's plot for poisoning Judge Dwinelle, before whom she was tried, and now comes the revelation that Mrs, F. had em- ployed two assassins to murder Colonel Critten- den before she took the matter into her own hands. Mrs. Fair announces her intention of go- ing Bouth, and the San Francisco press will miss her sadly. —— There are curious stories afloat to the effect that, during the recent struggle between various ailrosd corporations for the right of way into the city, the sum of $10,000 was deposited in the hands of & citizen (not an Alderman), to be held by him until favorable action was had by the Common Council. The story is, further, lains, Prison Commissioners, and heads of departments in penal institutions. Council of Boston, giving authority to the Com- ‘mitteo on Public Grounds to build on the Com- mon, at their discretion, has now become a law, and the Committee have full powers to carry buildings along the Tremont street mall, Ao the street on that eide. issues in the coming municipal election. A Washington despatch says thet, m the ovent that Mr. Fish retires from the State De- [ ‘partment, the President will probably offer the portfolio to Mr. Charles Francis Adams. There i8 noman living who is more sbundantly quali- fied to adorn the position and to discharge its duties than Mr. Adsms, The extreme partisans of the Administration will probably object to such s selection, on the ground that Mr. Adars was voted for at the Cincinriati Convention 28 8 candidate for President. As General Granthas out their advice in this case. meke no appointment the Geneva Conference. —_— ber of the New York Assembly. ington despatches that the new Justice is to the Sensator, who will then be eligible. ‘prices. at 88c per. gallon. £8.50@4.00. the sheep market. matics &b an in the [Russian navy, she notsble among which that, after the Council had acted, the stakehold- eum. If the first part of the story is true, we of the fund will not pay over s dollar of the money to the Aldermen. The President and Vice President and Vice President elect, prominent journalists, distin- guished Benators, the Governors of New York -and 8djoining States, members of Congress, and of the MMunicipal Government of New fork, with countless thousands of citizens formed the procession that followed the remains of Horace Greeley yesterday to the grave. The funeral services were under the direction of the “Rev. Henry Ward Beecher and Dr. Chapin, and the faneral procession is said to have been even grander than that which followed President Lincoln's body through the city. The National Prison Association of the United States will hold its second annual meeting at ‘Baltimore, Jan. 21, 1873. Hon. Horatio Sey- sour, President of the Asociation, will preside «and deliver the annual addréss. The great fea- 4ure of the Congress will be & collection of seports on the proventive, reformatory, and _pensl institutions and works of the different ‘States. Papers aro also cspected from M. Demetz, the founder of Mettray; Mies Mary Carpenter, the eminent philsnthropist, and Sir Walter Crofton, the originator and organizer of the Crofton prison system, A general invita- tion to attend hss been. extended to all Chap- fail to reach. tice of suspending the rules in order, to pass bills of which no previous notice has been given, the House has often been surprised into action which more time for deliberation might have prevented. A bill has been introduced re- quiring threo days’ printed motice to be given of any bill for which it is proposed to suspend the roles. Among the .other bills intro- duced was ome for =z ship canal around Nisgarz Falls, In the debate which was re- sumed on the bill to construct ten vessels of war, Mr. Lynch suggested that’ the Treasury ehould 2id the construction of mercantile steam- ers which could be turned to Government use if needed. The amendment that the vessels be ‘built in private yards wes strongly pressed by Pengsgivania members on behslf of the ship- | sards at Baltimors, Wilmington, and Chester, 2nd by Mr. Hale, who seid tha private yards would turn out botter, auicker..and cheaver An order, recently passed by the Common out the original plan of extending a line of | preparstory to the surrender of the mall The press of Boston denomnce it s an outrage, and it is very generally regarded in tho same light by the citizens, who are moving to get out an injunc- tion. The respect for the famous old pleasure- |i ground has not been altered at all by the Boston f: firo, or the necessities imposed by it. The occu~ pation of the mall wonld 'be 2 serions disfigure- ment to the rest of the Common, and it eviz dently will not be done withont a ¥igorous con- test. The action of the Building Committee, it is stated, will be one of the most prominent work t11an the Government yards. The subject of Postal Telegraphy was referred to the Com- mittee on Appropriations, but not till after 8 strugglo by tho opponent of tho scheme fors Specisl Comnaittee, which will evidently be in- sisted upon at the next session. - CIVIL SERVICE REFORM.® The Rockford (TL) Gazelle has expressed staelf in o voryoracular manneradversely to Gen- eral Grant'sexpressed determination inreference +o,Civil Service Reform. The tenor of thearticle ‘mey be inferred from the fact that it styles the effort to purify the Civil Bervice of tho gross sbuses and corruptions which have crept into if, an “absurd and silly abortion, Imown ss Civil | :Service Reform, patented by, G. W. Curtis, im- i -proved by Fonetik Medill, sired by sorehead | “Liberals, and damned by all practical, sensiblo men.” The Gazelfe's invective, we submit, :proves nothing, settles nothing, and makes no case againat the reform of the Civil Service, the necessity for which hes been ad- | mitted by all patriotic and think- | ing men; while the hest with which itis uttered indicates that there is a Post Office in Rockford, which the editorof tho Gazells thinks he has the capacity to fill. There isbut .one statement in tho whole article which af- fords an opportunity for reply, and that is con- ained in the following words: “ We teke the brosd groénd that, qualifications being equal, the sppointments in the gift of the President should be bestowed upon those who have ren- dered efficient service in the canvass, in prefer- enco to clarical nobodies who barely voted, ex- never consulted the politicians on any Csbinet appointment, except, perhaps, that of Mr. Bott~ well, it is guite likely he will do witi- He cem that will give grester eatisfaction to the mass of his support- ers in the recent election than that of Ar. Adams. The country is not so full of statesmen capsble of filling the position of Secretary of State that he can afford to overlook one so ad- mirsbly endowed as our chief representative ab Mr. Ward Hunt, who has been appointed to tho Supremo Bench of the United States, to fill the place resigned by Justice Nelson, i8a prom- inent lawyer of Utica, N. Y., where he was born in 1810, and where his whole life has been spent. Ho s a graduate of Union College, and of the famous law school st Litchfield, Conn. Like Presidont Grant, he was originally a Dernocrat, and cast his first vote for General Jackson; he supported Martin Van Buren in 1848, and became aReopublicanin1856. Hehas held no other polit- ical positions than as Mayor of Ttica and mem- In 1865, he was elected Judge of the Court of Appeals, and, threa years after, becamo Chief Judge. Ashe has never figured in Federal politica his sippoint- ment is & commendable one, and we veature to regard it as an sssurance that the Suprems Bench will be kept free from partisan influences, notwithstanding the intimstion in our Wash- friend of Senstor Conkling, and is to hold the place only till March 4, when he will give place The Chicago produce markets were generally nll yesterday, and averaged slightly lower in Mess pork was quiet and hesvy, at $11.75@11.8734 cash, and $12.00 seller March. ZLard was & shade easier, at 7%c cash, and 740 seller March. Meats wero quict and lower, at 33¢c for shoulders, 5%c for short ribs, and 6o for short clear, part salted; green hams quoted 8t 63({@Ti{c. Highwines were quiet and stesdy, Flour was in fair domand, "2nd firm.* Wheat was a shado Jower and- less -active, closing at $1.00}4 geller the month, and $1.10)¢ seller January. Corn was dull, and e lower, but closed firm at 8030 cash, and S03c seller January. Oats were quiet, but firmer, closing at 24}{c cash, and 245¢c seller January. Rye was quiet at 4@ 1c advance, closing at 593¢c. Barley was quiet and steady, closing “at ‘6134c for No. 2, cash or seller the month, and 51@5134c for No. 8. The hog market was less active, but firmer than yesterdsy, with ssles st an extreme range of The cattle market was fairly ac- tive for upper grades, but dull and drooping for common and medium. There was no change in In the death of Mrs. Mary Somerville, the world loses one of the most remarkable women of the time. Born in 1780, she had reached the ripe sge of 92, and the whole of this long life had been devoted to practical and usefal scien- tific research. Bhe wasthe daughter of an Eng- lish naval officer of distinction, Sir William Fairfax, and probably imbibed a love of mathe- early period of her life. Married, in 1804, to Samuel Gregg, s Captain found encouragement to study from her husband, who assisted and instructed her in the higher mathe- matics and astronomy. Captain Gregg died in 1806, and in 1812 the widow married Dr. William Somerville, of Edinburgh. 1Mrs. Somerville first ‘became kmown to the scientific world through some Linteresting experiments connected with the solar spectrum. Subscquently, she published several books, both original and translations, are an adaptation of LePlace’s Mechanique Celeste and a * Physical ar refused to ivide, and has pocketed the Whole | Gooery oy nin tro volumes, Mrs. Somerville ° refained all her faculties up the time of her bope the second is also, and that the depositary | g, which overtook her in the study of ¢quaternions,” a grade which even those who are ranked s good mathematicians frequently In the debate on the resolution passed by the ‘House, yesterday, calling for & statement of the present debt of the District of Columbia, it was asserted that the improvements begun by the Board of Public Works could not be finiehed for less than $20,000,000. Hitherto, under the prac- ercised no influence, and spent no time or labor in the campaign.” This may be assumed o be the opinion of the aversge politician in the United States; in other words, of every’ man who adopts politics 28 & business, with the hope of official roward, either for himself or for his frionds. With this class of men, the only idea of service to the country consists in the possession of the spoils, not in any solid good they can accomplish for the coun- try. Agsinst such & narrow, mercensry view, we take the broad ground that the public busi- ness should be transected, as nearly as possible, by the same rules as private business, and the offices filled by men suitably trained for their duties, and who can give some guarantes that they will administer them faithfully, honestly, intelligently, and with the best interests of the country at beart, rather than by men whose chief qualification is that they are in politics, have spent a certain sum of money, to secure the election of some candidate. The theory of this Government is, that every citizen shall take part in political duties, and contribute his vote and his influence to the election of the best men, without reward. This is the least he can do for the country which is doing 8o much for him. At -present, however, the best citizens will seldom take part in polit- ical campaigns, because the fleld ia occupied by blackguards, who have adopted politics as a pro- fession, and who make it the means of seizing upon the public offices and enriching them- selves, honestly or fraudulently, as the case msy be. Respectsblo citizens, as & general thing, will not associate with such characters ; and the sooner they are discouraged and driven out the sooner will a better class of citizens take part in elections, and fill the public offices with men of position and character, and. the better it will be for the countryat large. The operations of the Civil Service Reform, if faithfully enforced, will accomplish this. Even in its present inefficient state, it bas succeedad at least in putting a stigma upon two of tho most shameless politicians in the United Btates,— Cameron and Hartranft,—and given sssurances to the people of Pennsylvania of & brighter day, when they will be freed from the infamous ex- actions and disgraceful corruptions of these two men, who have solong ruled them. As conven- tions and elections are now conducted in this country, the respectable element of the community has very. little voice in the eelection of candidetes. There is a rxing of bummers in every city, town, and village, Who o the preliminary work, and select the candi- dates to be voted for, and these bummers draw their pay in patronage from the candidates whom they have elected. They are barnacles living upon the people, political vagrants, who have no visible means of subsistence, ward-bum- mers, who hang sbout seloons, courts, and City Halls, State bummers, who crowd the lob- bies of legislative halls, national bummers, who throng the streets of Washington nd harass the President. These are the men, the Gazeile claims, whoshould have the appointments in the gift of the President, in view of the services they ‘have rendered in the canvass, in preference to men who have only the qualifications of expo- rience and intelligence to offer. The services of every citizen in an election should be performed gratuitously, as a solemn duty, and they will be when the Government ceases to encourage political vagabondage. The ‘moment these professional office-hunters are put down, good citizens will step in, and homi- nate and elect the best for the offices. There is 10 more rezson why the Government should be expected toreward these fellows for political labor, than there is why it should make a direct appropristion from the National Treasury to pay them for their work. They have only performed the duty required of every citizen, and which good citizens will not perform because & vicious Civil Service system discourages them from doing 50, by rewarding these irresponsible brawlers with the public offices. REDUCTION OF TAXATION. The Becretary of the Treasury, inhis report on the finances, suggests that there be no fur- ther reduction of taxes, and the President, in his message, makes the same recommendation. The country will receive this with regrot. Tho proper and legitimste oxpenditures of the Gov- ernment are gradually falling to a peace stand- ard; the interest on the public debt is much less than it has been ; the business and population made & certain number of speeches, or helped The Secretarv, of the country have increased; there is an annual surplas of over §100,000,000 of revenue, and yet o further reduction of the rates of tax- ation is opposed. The receipts of revenue for the fiscal yours ending Juge 90, 1871 and 1872, thus compare: 1872, 1871 TFrom custom L STEI0T 206,210,408 Fublc uds. B nternal Rovente. 642 i National B N 523 {m,m,m Premiums on goid silen.. .. GAIZGH | BEI8H0 Otlier and miscellanes souzces 8582628 23,673,896 RTLI06,ET $383,328,945 During theyear there was applied to the reduc- tion of theprincipal of the debt the sum of $106,- 918,520, Thecach in the Treasury, atboth dates, was abont the ssme, or £107,000,000. It will be seen, thercfore, that the surplus revepue was about one hundred and seven millions of dollars. in enother mart of bisl report, - calls attention to the previons legislation of Congress, whereby taxes, which, when in force, had yielded $360,000,000 & year, had been repealed. This latter fact shows that the repeal of taxes has not produced any mate- +ial reduction of annual rovenue. ‘The first re- peal of taxes went into ‘operation July 1, 1868, and pthers have followed st intervals, snd the effect upon the aggregate revenues of the Gov- ernment is shown in the following statement of the revennes for the fiscal years named : Fear. Revenue, Year. Revenue, 05,638,083 180970 411,255,478 4 383399,045 874,106,837 TThe surplus revenue of 1871-2 is nearly double what it was in1868 end in'1869, and is greater than it wasin 1870-'71. Witha constantly in- creasing surplus revenue, what possible reason is there for refusing to reduce the rates of taxa- tion ? If, two years ago, when there was a surplus 01 $104,000,000, thatfact furnished a reasonforre- pealing taxation on alarge number of objects, what reason is thera now for refusing a like re- peal or reduction when the surplus is even groater ? Experience has shown that, in & coun- try where the business, production, and popula- tion have o steady aonusl increase, and the pub- lic revenue is in excess, it is safe to make reduc- tions in taxation o0 long as it does not threaten to cause & deficiency. Tach repesl of taxation is a direct relief to the country. Itis equivalent to an addition of that ‘much active productive capital in the hands of the people. It stimulates production, and, by increasing consumption, lesds to an increase of yevonue from the other objects of taxation. There is, however, another view of this ques- tion'which the Secretary does notnotico, and that is, the undue proportion of this revenue which ia collected from taxes on foreign commerce. The revenue from dutics on imports has been constantly incressing sinco 1861, until it has now reached extraordinary proportions. receipts of revenue from customs for several years compare a8 follows : 104,538,374 206,270,408 216,570,287 Here is an mcreass of nearly forty millions of dollars in the #nnual revenue from customs within a & period of six years. Congress having repealed the purely revenue duties on tes and coffee, might now, without tho least danger of wealening the credit of the Government, reduce or repeal other taxes on imports. It should not be forgotten that, to the extent that we export our surplus breadstuifsand provisions, the duties on the imports, or commodities we receive in exchange, operato as s tax on the exports. Out of every 100 bushels of corn we send abroad, 40 to 50 bushels aresold to pay the tazes levied by our Government on the goods we pur- chase with the proceeds of the shipment. Con- gidering how oppressively this tax operates upon the producers of the country, the high taxes imposed for all other purposes, and the scarcity of capital and means in sl branches of trade, the Government, with its hundred millions of cash on hand, and an annual surplus of another ‘hundred millions of dollars, might easily con- sent to & reduction of theee excessive {axes on the foreign trade, and give relief to the pro- ducers and commercial classes of the country. POSTAL TELEGRAFH. The most important portion of the annual re- port of tho Postmaster General relates to the subject o Postal Telegraphy. M. Creswell is 50 entirely committed to the project of joining thetelegraph eystem of the country o the mail system, placing both slike under Government control, that he even opposes the proposed or- ganization of & National Company to do the telegraph business in connection with the postal stations as too conservative, and openly advo- cates the immediate assumption of exclusive privileges by the Government itself. In pre- genting this measnre to the consideration of the present Congress, Mr. Creswell argues his case with reference to the people atlarge and the newspsper press in particolar. In the former case, he makes the broad statement that the messure hss been urged generally by State Legislatures, Boards of Trado, Com- mercisl Convontions, the independent press, and private persons prominently identified with tho practical workings of the telegraph. The impression which this statement is likely to leave is not correct ; for, though there may have been individual instances of approval among the classes named, there has been no such general sction a8 Mr. Creswell seems to indicate. The Postmaster General's roport mentions four objections to the incorporation of the tele- graph with the postal service of the Govern- ment; 1. That it is & private interest, and should not be controlled by Government ina Republic; 2. That it would be o dangorous po~ litical instrument in the handsof the controlling party; 8. That Government management wonld be more expensive and less efficient ; and 4. That the cost would be more than the country canafford. Mr. Creswell does not make any effort to controvert these objections in detail, but is content to regard them as more than counterbalanced by the advantages of Postal Telegraphy. He makes a general answer that the business of telegraphing is substantially the same 88 that of carrying the mails, and herein ignores the very essence of the opposition to the project. There can be no business in Which the interests of the whole people are so united as in that of letter-carrying. Everybody writes letters; even those who do mot kmow how to read or write do so by proxy. Thoroughness and chieapness of letter-carrying are more in the interest of the masg of the people than of the wealthy minority, and there is no other business in which Government control conld find any- thing like the same common support, The tele- graph business is precisely the opposite. Those who support it at all may be divided into three clasges : 1. The newspsper press. The interest which this class has in the telegraph is well illua- trated by the fact that the money which it pays for despatches is the largest item in its entire expenses. 2. Aclass composed of bankers, produce and stock brokers, the nature of whose business de- mands the despatch which can be found only in the telegraph. One of the largest items in the expense account of this class is inits bills for telegraphing. . 8. The general mercantile class who use the telegraph frequently, in business emergencies, ‘but not regularly. Outside of these three classes, which are comparatively small in numbers, is-the grest mass of the peonle with whom & telegraph de- spatch is an event, who do not make any use of tho telograph except in social matters, and the aggregate of whose messages would not average onge & yesr for the entire adult population of the country, If this classifiation be correct, the proposi- tion that the Government ghall sssumo ReW 0%~ ‘The | penses for.the purpose of enlarging and cheap- ening telegraphing facilities is .a proposition to tax the whole people for the benefit of & com- paratively small number. This is an objection to the Postal Telegraph acheme which the Post~ master General has entirely neglected to notice, and which breaks tho force of his general answer to all other objections, that telegraphing and letter-carrying are subatantially one and the same business. Mr. Creswell devotes some special attention to the newspaper press. He states that, under existing arrangements between the combination Imown as the Associated Press and the West- ern TUnion Telegraph Company, the news- papers belonging to the combination are pledged not’to take specials from any opposi- tion lines. This is true, and, whether the ar- rangement be for the public good or not, the newspapers complying find an advantage in se- curing lower rates for their specials. None of them, however, are individually deterred from making other combinations, if they wish, and the fact is, that another combination of growing importance, receiving its despatches over other lines, is actunlly in existence. The statement that the Western Union Telegraph Company has pledged itself to chargo newspapers, outside of the Associated Press, higher rates for their specials, is something wehave never heard of be- fore. If, however, it be admitted that the Tele- graph Company exercises what Mr. Creswell is pleased to call & “tyranny” over the press, we cannob seo how & transfer of the ex- clusive privilege of telegraphing to the Govern- ‘ment would be anything but a transfer of the “tyranny.” There would be this difference : Thereisnow an escape for the newspapers which think themselves mistreated to opposi- tion lines, and to combinations nowin existence, and others that may be started; while, in Gov- ernment hands, there would be an enforced submission to whatever rates, rules, and espionage the Government might see fit to establish. But the most successfal opposition to the Postal Telegraph movement will find a basis not in the objections of any ome class, however large its intorest may be, but in the fact that the telograph is not of universal use and common necessity; and that, therefore, the whole people are not interested in supporting and extending it out of the proceeds of the public taxes. : 2 STEAMSHIP SUBSIDIES. The Secretary of the Treasury, in hia report, discusses the decline of American shipping en- gaged in the foreign trade, and recommends, 58 & means of restoring it, thal the business be subsidized by annual payments from the Nation- 8l Treasury. The Secretary atates that, of the carrying trade in 1860, 71 per cent was done in American vegsels, while, in 1872, with a vastly in- crensed trade, the share performed by American vessels was only 23 per cent, The annusl earn- ings of this trade aro estimated at $100,000,000, of which less than one-third is received by American vessels. The rige in the price of iron and the advance in the rates of wages in Europe, he admits, have had the effect of placing this country nearer an equality with others in the matter of ship-building, but he insists that, in order to securs the commerce of the Pacific Ocean and the South - Atlantic, the Government should establish and maintain lines of steam- ships. To rightly understand this question, it is proper to state how we obtained an ascendancy in the carrying trade, how we lost it, and why it is that year after year we sre declining in this ‘business. Prior to 1856, tho United States fur- nished not only all the vessels owned at home, but built largely for foreign countries. It was customary to have American-built vessels for sale in British ports, and purchasers from all parts of Europe went to those ports to purchase. The close of the Crimean war released from Government nse an immense number of vessels that had been used ss transports, including & large number of steamers. This was the first serious check given to the building of ocean-going wooden sailing vesgels. Steamers came in demand, and, after a few years, the use of iron began to supersede wood in the con- struction of . steamships. Iron has mow taken the place of wood, aud steam has superseded the gail. This was not accomplished in & day. The Rebellion, of course, interfered with our ship- building for general trade, and when that war was over we had placed such taxes upon all the materials that enter into ship-building, that it was found impossible to build wooden ships cither to be owned at home or to be sold abroad. Nor was the condition of the United States any better in the matter of iron. It is true that 1o country in the world is blessed with a greater supply of iron and coal than ours. Our ironis better adapted for ship-building then any found elsewhere. It has those qualities which secure to s greater strongth to & given weight than is found in foreign iron. Even with some dised- vantage in the cost of lsbor, our ship-builders could have entered into successful competition in building iron steamships for American and foreign use, but the Government had placed up~ on the iron such an enormous tax, that building iron ships in this country was practically pro- ‘hibited by law. The United States has thus not only taxed ship-building out of existence, and closed the shops and forges for the manufacture of ma- chinery which were once the wonder and admira- tion of the world, but it has also absolutely pro- hibited the importation of ships, or their mgnu- facture abroad for our own citizens. We can neither build nor buy & stexmship to be engaged in the foreign trade. As time and cesualty re- dnce the number of American-built vessels, 8o does the percontsge of American vessels en- gaged in the carrying trade decline. An Ameri- can citizen, wisking to start a line of steamships between the United States and Brazil, must put thery, under the Brazilian flag. If ho desire to run steamships between the United States and any part of Grest Britain, or France, or Spain, though he masyown them wholly, heis probibited by lsw from placing them under the American flag; they must be enrolled as British, French, or Spanish vessels. Having virtually closed our ship-yard by law, and having prohibited the purchase of foreign- ‘built ships, it i very easy to understand why it is that each year the proportion of American vesgels engaged in that trade should grow less. TWhen the canse of our falling off injthe carrying trade is g0 unmistakably known and admitted, and when it is equally known and admitted that the removal of the cause would transfer to the American. flag the greater part of that trade, it would seem that the easiest and most certain way to accomplish the result would be to remove the cause. This could be done by either or both of two modes: 1. By the repeal of all laws which prohibit American peal or reduction of the tax on iron, steel, and other materials used in the conmsiruction of steamships and other vessels. In the ome case there would be an immediate tranafer to our flag of all foreign-built vessels actually owned by our citizons, and there would be large number | purchased. In the other case, there would boa revival of the ship-building business ; & re-open- ing of the great works for the construction of ‘machinery, and once more the country would be benefited by the increased production and con- sumption of the mineral deposits which nature has go bountifully bestowed upon us. Afr. Boutwell, while admitting that tlizs wounld remedy what he regards as a national calimity, has another mode. He proposes to offertos few persons, who will build steamers and run them upon the ocean, a certain sum of money from the National Treasury, per trip, in order to make that business profitable, which other- wise would bealoss. Tn other words, he pro- Poses to make the Government a partner in the carrying trade with & few persons, the Govern- ment to pay its partners some millions of dol- lars annually to ennble them to make a dividend. In point of fact, the Secretary magnifies the assumed loss the country sustains in having its carrying trade done by vessels owned by foreigners. The entire ocean com- merce is insignificant compared with the internal commerce of the country. Our railroads are largely owned in Europe, and the surplus earnings or profits go to those for- eigners precisely as do the surplus earnings of the Stesmships. The Tllinois Central Railroad is owned almost exclusively in England; the freights upon that roed are collected for the benefit and profit of the English owners, and there is no more reason for the Government es- tablishing and maintaining a line of steamships to run alongside a British line, than there ia for its establishing and maintaining another rail- road alongside of the Illinois Central Roed, in or- der to keep the money expended for transporta- tion iz the hands of our own people and out of those of foreigners. What the country is most- 1y interested in is chesp transportation, and it is immaterial whether the railroad car, or canal boat, or ocean steamer is owned by an Ameri- can, an Englishman, or a Hottentot. To tax the whole country to ensble A to run a steamship alongside of B without any reduction in the cost of freight, is a scheme which can commend it- self only to the favored parties who receive the subsidy. AN ERA OF GOOD FEELING. The assembling of Congress on Mondsy was marked, in the Lower House at least, by & very fine display of good feeling, on the part of the victors towards the vanduished, which came like & poultice to heal the blows of the late campaign end mitigate its asperities. The most striking manifestation of this generosity consisted in the refusal of the majority of the House to accept the resignation of Mr. Banks] from the Chair- manship of the Foreign Committee, after his public declaration that his views were not in sympathy with those of the’ msjority. Itisal- ‘ways pleasant to see brothers and friends agree, and it may be possible that this era of frater- nal feeling at the commencement of the gession, and immediately following one of the bitterest campsigns on record, foreshadows & remarkably harmonions session, which may be productive of much good to the conntry at large. It is evidently desired and intended by the majority to win back the Liberal Republican members of Congress, and re-establish the status of the party as it was be- fore the Cincinnati Convention was held. In the Senate, thereis spparently no such desire. The partisanship of the Administration Senators istoo violent and bitter to admit of any recon- ciliation. They are too far removed from the people to understand or appreciate the popular desire for concord =and good feeling, and g0, led by such men as Cameron, Conkling, and Morton, who are too narrow and bigoted in their partieanship, to conceive or execute any measure which has not the sanction of;the caucus, the Administration Senators seem to ‘have determined to continue that policy which removed Mr. Sumner from his position on the Committee of Foreign Relations, long befors Mr. Sumner had expressed any sympathy with Liberal Republicanism, or had committed any act which was contrary to the usages of the Republican party. The spirit displsyed by the members of the House 18 a commendable one in all respects, and especially 80 in contrast with the narrow and proscriptive policy of the Senate. The ob- ject which they seek is equally commendable, and there I8 & way to accomplish it, and thatis by earrying out the principles which were enua- cisted in the Cincinnati platform, To these ‘principles, the Republican party haa never tzken exception. No issue was made againist them in the campaign, and £0. pdmirsble and essential were they causidored, that some of them in spirit, and Bome of them in letter, were embodied in the Ropublican platform, which was afterwards framed at Philadélphia. If they will in good faith execute these principles which they have claimed a8 their own, if they will show a determination to make those reforms in the party which were demanded at Cincinnati, and which they themselves have acknowledged to be neoessary, they can close the hreach which now exists, and both Liberal and Administration Re- publicans can act together cheerfully and with- ont- restraint, Let them, for instance, cordially sustain the President in his efforts to carry qut the Civil Service Reform, the ‘abuses, of which service no one has the hardihood to deny, and, if they can outdo the Liberals in ef- forta to secure an honest Administration of thet service, we shall bo glad to record the fact. A union between Liberal and Administration Re- publicans can easily be effected in the manner register to forain-built vessela. 2. By the xe- we have indicated. The University of Zurich, and, curionsly encugh, its medical department, is the pioneer in Western Europe of extending collegiate han- ors to female students. The practica has rather grown upon the faculty, which seems to have submitted to the inevitable coming of femalein- fluence, As far back as 1864, a Russian lady applied for permission to attend two courses of lectures, and, as there was no regulation against it, the permission was granted, unless the Pro- fessors whom she wished to have shonld object. They did not object, and it was not long before another lady attended under the same nega- tive authority. Oneof these femalp students was 80 persistent in her application as to command the admiration and interest of the faculty, and when she came to demand an ex- amination for degrees, they grantedit. Thore was no precedent for this, but neither was there any law against it, and, the examination being successfully passed, the lady received her medi- cal degrees. The faculty hoped that this would boan end of the dificulty, butit was only the beginning. In the winter of '67-'68, there were three femalo students, in the following year eight, in third year fourteen, in the fourth twenty-two, snd in the £fik thirtv-one. whils the last summer term counted sixty- threa Proficiency, however, does .not keep ‘pace with numerical increase, and degrees have been ccoferred mpon only six women in all. Though there has been no pernicious influence perceptible as yet in the mingling of the sexes in the sarne classes and clinique, the corporation of Zurick: and tha faculty of its University are becoming somewlat alarmed at the increase of the ladies, —the more so because fifty-four ont of the sixiy-threefemale students are Russian women, who bring with them the socialistio heresies thiat have brokem out in Russia so boldly for = ome years past. The Zurich faculty also believe d that other European universities would follow its example; but, finding itselt slone, it hats become startled at ita own audacity in the innov ation. The Cincirnati Commercial- has discovered a biblical preczdent for Prof. Tyndall's proposition to test the eficacy of prayer. Itis foundin the eighteenth chapter of the First Book of Kings. The oceasion was that of an extensive famine in. the land, attributed by the faithful to the fact that the King and his people were largely givon over to the worship of Baal. The King and Obadish startad out in searchof water, therehav- ing been a great drought. Obadiah encountered the prophet Elijah, who suggested a meeting with the King to test the guestion, which wes the true God,—the God of Israsl, or the God, Baal. The means adopted was the erection of two' artificial altavs, therespectiveprophets calling on. their Gods to send down fire to consume the sacrifices. On the side of Baal, there were 450 prophets, whe prayed from morning till evening in vain ; on the side of the true God, there waa Elijah alone, from whom one short prayer suf~ ficed to bring down fire from Heaven, which con~ sumed the sacrifice in spite of the water that had been thrown upon it. Elijah went still fur- ther; he prayed for rain, and it came, checking the famine, and prodncing material good, as sell 88 vindicating his religion theoretically. It ia significant that the proposal of this test came from the side of the Church, and that the infidels, in accepting it, were defested. PERSONAL. William Garritson, Minister to Vienns, is at Gardner. Dr. 1. I. Hayes was at the Gardner yesterday. The Hon. N. J. Emmonds, of Mil i g Hon X , of waukee, is at Colonel R. M. Wilson, U. S. A., ‘quartered the Tremont esterday. 7 et e H. J. J. Bingh: of Kans Brigga yesterday. Ay rantap o Msjor T. J. Pullman, at the Briggs yesterdsy. Hon, F. G. Munson, of Ohio, was at the Sher- man yesterdsy. i : Ll Mrs, Scott Siddons and her husband were at Atik'en's ‘Theatre last evening listening o Ecr;zixlx- stein. - = The following are wintering at the Contral ; Judgo Skinner snd family, Hnm Goun. ; Erank Parmelos and wife; B 3. Will iams an 5, J. F. Tucker, H. N. Li ; and wifo, D. T Hale and family. e Among the srrivals at the Grand Central yes~ torday wore the following : John B, Holes Boston ; J. C. Foster, £. C. Spaulding, St. Louis ; B. . Wilkin, New Orléans ; Charlés E. Haynes, Ganade; @ A. Nord, Tozonto; J. B. Jones, Boston. On Tuesdsy evening the following named gentlemen were elected officers for the _ensuing year of Landmark Lodge, No. 423, A. F. and A. M.: Dwight Klinck, W. 3. ; . F. Gilliland, 8. W.; W. L Cuiver, J. W.; T. C. Clarke, Treas- wrer; J. G. Chadwick, Secretary; H. K. Beecham, . D.; T. B.'Blair, J. D.; B. Will- iams, Tyler. Among the arrivals at the Gardn were flmg following: H.C. Gn;roo “Ni?tgz?k‘! E. B. Muller, mem’. elphia; 8. Borbington an Dr. 8. J. Hampington, Hampington, Canada; Wrn, Creans, Oulbeck, N.J.5 HeB. Smith, V£ thAn;ofig the arrivals af the Brigy o following were prominent: B. V. B Washington, D, C-; B°°D. Harris Whoeling, \FMV.; L .(}_Sand;x‘g{n E:d&ql:is, 0.; T. §. 8, Kansas City ; P. ott, K z TR Brce, Sochal Maagy P anees Among tho arrivals b the Sherman ye . the fnllogwins were promiuent: W. ’1-?'“;’:‘35 Toronto ; . §. Btewart, Decatur ; F. L, Satler. Ensl&nd; 8. J. Sweeney, Washington, Pa.; W. T. Woodborne, Uxbridge, Mass. ; A. . Saton, Portland, Maine ; 8, T. Nye, Boston. The fallowing were at the Tremont yesterdaz. 8. J. Btewart, Philadelphia ; Rev. J. ¥ qxan.;fid'; U.8. A, was quartered yosterdsy, §t. Paul ; Colonel H. B. Reid, New York; ~ Gazroteon, St, Paul; Gol. K. K. Jones, Gratems 8. J. Soward, Steubenville, Ohio ; 8. W. Whits: Now York; 1. E. Markes, ‘I\}h‘xl Oriesov; 4. T ing, Bloomington ; . MoFado, clair, N. J. ; F, W. Bharp, Lancaster, ;’l;fl o Mr. Richard MichaeliG” editor of the Frei Presse, a_German evening E:P“ published in this city, was arresiged and ed in jail, yester- day, on s capias sworn out_by Mr. Herman Ras- ter, editor Of the Staals-Zeitung, who charges him with {respass on the caso, and lays hi damagey at $10,000, Mr. Michaelis lay in jail the greater pert of the dsy, but was finally re- leagsd from custody on $5,000 bsil. Judge L. B. Otis, Mr. Joha V. Lelloyne, Mr. B. N. Day, ;neanx. Henry E. Hamilton became his bonds~ Sheriff T. M. Bradley has made the following appointments 0f subordinates in his ofice: Bauliffa—Adelbert Probathan, Wm. A. Reed, Jno.. Humphrey, W. H. Gleason, Julius P. Dunham, Abner Sufton, ‘A. H. Robinson, Harvey M. 3er~ 1ill, Henry Osterman, W, H. H. Thomss, Gilbert. Oleson, Erick, Stoné, Joseph Kohl, Wm. H. Longley, Geo. Gooper, S, F. Hanchett, E. B. Loxfigley 8. B, Bradley, Herman Scheenburg, G. B. Hutohinson, Jno. Paul, Joseph Sants, G- A~ Farsvorth, Jis. Nolan. a,finy Sheriffs—Jno. 5. Folz, Martin Best, and Homer B. Galpin. Conrad Folz retains his ‘position as Jailer. Sale of Valnable Paintings. This afternoon a1 evening, Messys, Elison & Fos- ter will sell ot No. 970 Wabash avenue, one of the most valuable collections of oil paintings ever offered by suction at any one time in this city, That pictures. by Bierstadt, Regis, Gigneoux, A, B.Durand, Hart, and others of celebrity, find their way to this city to be s0ld by suction, s cerfainly surprising, and yetitisa fact, ond they are guaranteed original pictures. Tho most recent work of Carl Hubner, and which arrived in this city but & few weeks sgo, i3 well worthy of attention, A dashing-looking young peassnt has boen csught in the umpardomstle uu:i of courting some 0ld 1ady’s dsughter, and is being ordered off by theirate dame. The fi 01d woman, tho imprdent IndifTesencs of the alsnt, and the shame-facedness of the daughter, are bronght out with great force. H, Herzog's view of Trenion , taken when temporarily residing in this conn try, 8 3 simple compesition, but full of power. Tha ush of water over the dark’rocks i3 painted with foll mastery of the subject, We most cheerfully recom: mend those in search of choice works of art to attenl the sale this afternoon at3, s Ao, 250 Wabaah avenmay “10 eveniag at T o'clocl, The Underfeed Machine. A sewing machino s an absolute necessity in ‘every, family, Inmaking 3 selection donot fail toexamine the Wilson Tnderfeed at their msgnificent rooms. This machine is meeting with unprecedented success, being eold at 5 less price than any other first-class mduun:,“ u‘x;d st the eamo time combining to s great egree all tho_essentials of o family machins Tooms at No, 318 West Madison, streck, Ohicago, ae all other cities in the United States, Ths company want agentain country towns, : e e R I New Dry Goods. C.W. & E. Pardridge & Co. have just opened & larga line of mourning dress goods, comprising Hen- rietta cloths, cashmere, merino, Empress cloth, brilliantinas, One hundred pieces of fine black al- paca st 50 cents, 13 good as any in town shmuch ‘higher rates ; 1,000 pieces gilk and wool epingales iz all colors af 75 cents, which cost over 31 to import. Also over 5,000 pieces of winter, dress goods in new shades. The stores areat Nos, 118to 124 and No. 942 Stato street, and Nos, 284 and 238 West Madison street. —————— New National Bank. The Central National Bank has just opened, and is ready for business, in the Mothodist Church Block,. corner of Clark and Washington strests. A general: banking business will be transacted. The Directory. comprise substantial and well-known business men an capitalists in Chicago, New York, and Boston. Mn. W. F. Endicot, the Bresident, wis formerly s bankef 10 Chicago, and Mr, James MeK. Sanger, the Gashier;. has been for somo years copuocted with the Third: National Bank. The estsbiishment begins business: with full paid up capital. i : T e - R The new iron rolling-mill at Jackson, Mich:,| has been set in operation. The worka oost. 60,000, i