Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 11, 1872, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY' TRIBUNE: MONDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1872 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE, £, T8 OF GUBSCRIFTION (PATABLE I ADVAXCE). ilx, by mal 12, Tri-Week. S12:89 e Parts of a sear ot the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakes, be sure and give Post Ofice address in full, including State and County. Remittaoces may bo made either by drat, express, Post OfEce order, or in registered letters, at our risk. TERNS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Datly, deliversd, Sunday excepied, 25 cents por week.' Daliy, delivered, Sunday iccluded, 30 conts per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, No. 15 South Canal-st.. Chicazo, Iil. ..8§2.50 -T2.00 TRIFGSE Brasch O 459 Wabash-ar., in the Bookstore of Messss. Cobb, Acdrows & Co., waere Beve: meats azd subscriptions will be received, and will receive tho same atteation as if left at tho Main Diice. THE TRIECNE conzticg-room and business department will remata, for tae preseat, 5 Canal street. Ad- wertisements should be handed hat place. —eree CONTENTS OF TO-DAY’'S TRIBUNE. FIRST PAGE—Account of the Boston Fire. SECOND PAGE—Eerly Despatctes Concerning the Boston Calamity—>iscellaneous Telegraph News. THIRD PAGE—Saturdas Night's Telegrams—Mountain Railrosds—Playing with Fire—The Merchant Ma- xine of the Werld—Marine Intelligence—Railroad Time Table—Business Directors. FOURTH PAGE—Editorials: The Boston Calamity: Relief for Bostoa; The Insurance Companics; Construction of Buildings in Large Cittes—Boston- Chicago—Financial Efects of the Boston Fire. FIFTH PAGE~Account of the Boston Fire [Continued]. SIXTH PAGE—)Monotary aud Commercial. SEVENTH PAGE—Miss Emily Faithfull: Ber Reception in New York—The Law Courts—The Epizootic— A Young Highwayman—Greek Brigands—Small Adrertisements: Real Estate, For Saie, To Reat, TWanted, ete. 2 EIGHTH PAGE—Account of the Bosten Fire [Con- tinned]. Miscellancous Telegraph News. The @hivago Tribune, Monday Morning, November 11, 1872. Our despatches will be found to cover very. fully the narrative of the Boston conflagration, which, commencing at7 p. m. on Saturday night, was only extinguished a little after mid-day on Sundsy. The losses as stated by different au- tiorites, Tange from eighty to one hundred and fifty millions, Our special despatches from the stricken city, and from other poinis, give a large mess of intelligence as fo the devas- tation and measures of relief. THE BOSTON CALAMITY. Our voluminous despatches elsewhers convey the sad tidings that the greet wholesale busi- ness centre of Boston is in ashee. An area nearly byif amile square, containing scarcely & wooden building, built solidly of brick and grenite, without the waste of a foot of ground, and 50 compact and messive that it seemed capable of forever defying both time and the elements, has melted away in a night, a8 rapidly and completely 828 did our own more combustible ciiy, one year ago. As nearly as we can ascertain from the despaiches, the Timits of the fire must have been Bedford street onthe north, Siate street on the south, Wash- ington street on the west, and the harbor on the east. In thisarea have been destroyed the most massive and elegant business blocks in the city, the vast accumulations of stocks with which Boston supplied the demands on her . wholesale trade; and many of the old landmarks, —for this district was rich in historical associa- %ions. The principal streets traversed by the confiagration were Summer, Chauncey, Franklin, Pearl, Devonshire, Milk, Con- gress, State, Commercial, and Wash- ington. Each of these Etreets repre- sented s epecial department of wholesalo buei- pess. Summer, Chauncey, and Franklin were almost exclusively devoted to dry goods, and contained scores of the largest establishments 4n the city. Pearl street was the greatest boot and shoe market in the world. There were no buildings on the street not occupied by mer- chants in this special line of trade except a2 res- taurant for boot and shoe dealers, and a news- peper office devoted to the interests of the boob and shoe trade. On Congress street were clus- tered all the dealers in wool. Devonehire and Milk streets were devoted to a miscellaneous wholesale business, princi- pelly of the great manufactories of Low- ell, Lavrence, etc. Commercial street was solidly built with granite warehouses for the gale of grain, ship chandlery, fish and other ar- ticles. State street was the Wall street of Bos- ton, and contained its banks, insurance offices and grest shipping and commicsion offices. Washington street was occupied by wholesale end retsil business, and in this thoronghfare +ere located some of the most elegant stores in the city. Inaddition to these the offices of the Transcript, Journal, Globe and Herald swere on this street. The Trareller and Post were on or pear State street in the burnt district. The Adrertiser being located on Court street, out of the line of the fire, has escaped. No place in the country can 50 keenly sympa- thize with Boston in this terrible affliction as Chicago. In the painful details of the progress of the flames from street to street, in this wide- spread destruction of property, in the loss of what kad been the pride of the city, and in the sudden and bewildering character of the blow, our own calamity comes up afresh, and we seem to live over again those days 2nd nights of ago- nizing suspense. We feel her loss acutely. We can appreciate the length and breedth of her suffering, and our hearis and hands go out instinctively, praying God 10 temper this fearful blow with his mercies, and tendering a sympathy born of a kindred sorrow. And, as incurownhourof calamity, Bos- ton came to our aid so nobly end generously, 80 Jet us do unto her, and from the blessings in purse and store, which God has vouchsafed fo s this year of mercy, hasten io Leal those svounds we have so lately suffered ourselves. RELIEF FOR BOSTON. The Boston cslamity appeals more directly to the hearts of the people of Chicago than to any others. We know what that calamity mesns, We know the eudden change from hesith, comfort, and plenty, to exposure, suffer- ing, and want. We Lnow the ead story of all ictims of euch & disaster. In our dey of suffer- ing, Boston was keenly alive to the wants of our Ecople. She placed $125,000 in cash to ourcredit, 213 every wezehouse and etore in Boston eent jis Lales and boxes of blankets and clothes, of ghoes snd wearing ayparel, and of all the things it were nagded by o destituto people. BHer }il eral money subzeription ¥as tho least of her Fisi Her people geve all these spontancouely, orompdy, L and with heariy geod will ;'~: 1;'9 ;\"_\u, ‘more thpn all cihers, know e ex- ! Lier ealamity, deleyinmating ourreturn? e Relief and Aid Sociedy ghould pzomptly re- curs: to Boston in cash, wilh interest, the money e seni fo us in the day of our affliction, end cns. It s possible that there mey be suf- o there for food; flour.eud meal, and beef @& poriz.ere bers in shundance; if these are needed m Boston, leb our people send . forward onld be eapplemented by individual sub- 1 then, as soon a8 we know what the city needs, Jet there be an immediate outpouring thet will in some small way repey the debt we owe the generous peoplo who visited us in our calamity. BOSTON—CHICAGO-. At the time of the Chicago fire, thore was o dieposition on the part of the world at large, while pouring upon us unstinted charity, to chide us for our foolish style of building, and to say: ““Such a fire as this wonld be impossible in New York or Boston. Such cities can mever burn down. Look at the solidity and massive- ness of their construction.” There is hardly a resident of Chicago who will not be able to re- member some sucki expression of confidence in the brick and granite of good, steady-going New England. We' do not rovive these recol- lections with any purpose of rebuke. God for- bid. The afiicted people of New England’s metropolis will find no eympathy 8o broad, no condolence 8o heartfelt, as they will receive from the people of Chicago; for nowhere else hasa similar calemity taught sufferers the extent of the mieery it entails. But we refer to it now as an unfortunate and unwelcome means for vindi- cating Chicago against the unjust aspersions which were heaped upon her from all sides, at a time when she was visited with a conflagration that has now been proved to be poseible in every large and densely-populated community. At tho time of our fire, just one year and one month before the Boston fire, we were told that we had been the means of our own destruction. With an assumption unwarranted by the facts in the case, New York, and Boston, and St. Louis, and Cincinnati,and London, and Paris,and Berlin, and 2ll the other grest cities in the world united in telling us why our city had burned down. “You bad s city of shanties,” we were informed ; it was your rookeries that caused your destruc- tion. You had built your houses hurriedly. You failed to take wise precaution egainst fire, as wo do. Your city was a vast tinder-box. No wonder you burned down. Look at us.” The asper- sions were essentially unjust. They had & foun- dation in fact only so far as they would have ap- plied, with unimportant changes and modifica- tions, to all the large cities of the country. The burnt district in the South Division of Chicago was 28 massive, a8 elegant, 2nd as solid, as could be found anywhere else. The circumstances attending the burning of Chicago were of a natureto account for the disaster. There had been a long drouth. There was a prevailing galo which came as near being a hurricane as is possible on the lakeshore. Thera was 2 demoralized fire department, thoroughly eshaustedby a great confiagration of the previous night, which had covered a larger area than any Chicago fire beforeit. It was not long before the water supply was cut off entirely. These and numerous details of a similar kind were not taken into account in the estimates that were made of our fire. Now, how was it with Boston? The character- istics of the city are familiar to most of our read- era. That portion of it which we koow to have beon destroyed was a compact mass of granite, ‘brick and iron. A large number of the buildings destroyed were erected in the time of honest masonry, and had withetood the wear and tear of more years than the entire history of Chicago can count. There was & well-organized and en- tirely fresh fire department, upon whose effi- ciency the Boston people prided themselves. Boston was the centre of & cluster of New England cities, all of which were provided with good working machinery against the ravages of fire, and all of which availed themselves of the easy communication to gend Boston all the assistance tHey could. There was no gale at the outbreak, and there does not ecem to have been any wind except that which: the flames created. Yet the city bhas burned. It It was found that the granite exploded and crumbled beneath the heat. Prick fell to the ground. The little narrow streets, many of them not wider than our ordinary alleys, and the court-passages and old cow-paths peculier to Boston, constituted eaey steps for the progress of the flames. Tho curves and turns rendered the efforis at fighting the flames all the more powerless. The hugh buildings end Mansard roofs, far above the reach of the engines, came in &3 potent auxilia- ries. In one word, the Boston fire bas demonstrated that s compact, eolid, granite city way burn down asreadily asa great, sprawling wooden one. We gkall hear no more objurgationsagainst Chicago from the wise menof the East. God help us all, and teach us to avoid these terrible mistakes hereafter. THE INSURANCE COMPANIES. The appalling calemity which has visited Bos- ton will nowhere be more fully eppreciated, or meet with 2 desper sympathy than in Chicago, whose great disaster of & year ago, is now'sadly rivalled. Thronghout the whole of yesterday every item of intelligence from the suffering city was eagerly watched for by thousands of our population. The great catastrophe was everywhero diecussed in its financial, mercan- tile, architectural, Insurancé and general busi- ness aspects 88 fully as the facts which had reached us would admit of. The ares of the burned district is [fully &hown in another part of this paper. The fire has swept over one-fifth of the arex of the city proper. On this ares, however, were crowded probably one-third to one-half of the values of the city. Our despatches differ wide- 1y, but very naturally in their estimate of the amount of the loss, some of them piacing it as Jow as one hundred millions, ‘whilo others pre- Qict that it will reach two hundred and ffty mil- lions, or fifty miilions more than the lozs by the Chicago fire. If the Sro extends no farther than #he ~area bounded by Summer, State, and Washington etreets, and the harbor, ¢he loss could not be roughly estimated atJess than from £150,000,000 to $200,000,000. The entire zssessed valuo of the reai and per- sonal property of Bosio, iz 1870, wae $£584,089,~ 400, Experts familiar with the iasuranco busicess in Boston, say that from 50 to 6C per cent of the loes is insured, and that sbout iwo-thirds of the entire insurance will fall on New England com- panies, most largels, of course, on those of Boston and Hartford. Probabtly one hundred millions of insurance will fall due from the var- jous companies of the United Statesand Europe. The total assets of all the companies taking risks in Maseachuseiis is eighty-six millions. If Awo-thirds of this loes falls upon New England compenies, very few of them can survive. The _strongest companies, the Ztna, Hartford, Phenix, Manufeeturers’, Springfield Fire & Afgrine, ete., will doublless suffer most, as their Jins cf jnsurancewould be hsawiest in o district so compact, and whose husin'e'!s'hn'sfbeen»u’: 80 “high » grade. The heavy foreign coimpenies, gupplies at once. Let the money go first: and | the . London, Liverpook aad Globé, ‘the’ North British and Mercantile, the Tmperial, the Royal, the Queen, and the Union Commercial, have also run heavy lines of insurance in Boston, and it will be a marvel, indeed, if they all survive. The Philadelphia companies come next in favor of the Bostonians, and the New York companies last. Generally, it may be eaid that those com- panies which made the greatest sacrifices to out- live the Chicago fire, will most likely be doomed Dy the calamity in Boston. ‘We will not anticipate the condition of indi- vidual companies. The painful truth will soon be known, and it will probably show that a large patt of the insurable property of this city, and of the whole country, is now uncovered. We publish elsewhero o list of all the companies taking risks in Massachusetts, from which in- surers can learn what companies are certainly 7ot affected by the Boston fire. If the companies having large 1isks there have the pluck and ability to subscribe new capital to the amount necessary to earry them through this great crisis, the firo insurance business will expand into a capacity equal fo these great conflagrations. Wo lavo bLeretofore had com- penies whose policies were good against single fires. We have had few which could well stand the burning of a fourth of one of our leading cities. At present the entire insurance capital of tho country in but about £100,000,000, or one-halfenough to pay the loss of either the Chicago or the Boston conflagrations. If weare to have insurance worthy of the name we must have companies whose assets range at from $10,000,000 to $20,000,000. Only such can make any head against the class of conflagra- tion to which we now Lnow that all our large cities aro liable. A five in Néw York or Phila- delphia might a3 easily sweep away five hun- dred millions of values as those in Chicago and Boston bave swept away half that sum in each. These fires will increase the demand for insur- ance, and will at the eamo time inten- sify the demand that our insurance com- panies shall have Jarger capitals, This very hour of their prostration and calamity, therefore, is the golden hourin which the losing companies should so enlarge their capitals and broeden their base as to lift themselves into a ‘more commanding position in the financial world than they have ever before known. The com- pany which will meet the Boston calamity by boldly throwing open its subscription books to tho public, and increasing its capital to ten or twenty millions, would, we believe, meet with a cordial and triumphant responso on the part of both capitolists and insurers. It would be im- mediately felt that such companies alone aro absolutely safo, and this would concentrate tho ‘business of insurancoe in cities into the hauds of stronger institutions. CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS IN LARGE CITIES. The lesson of the Chicago fire ias been re- peated with swful severity. A year ago the country was appalled by the destruction of this city, and it was considered as one of those great calamities the like of which would not occur again in a lifetime or o century. The architects and philosophers of the world have writton reams in their endeavors to explain that the im- mensity of the fire was duo to the peculiarly combustible materials, and tho lack of proper precantions in building this city. In vain has it been shown that buildings composed of mainly iron and stone, went down as rapidly as others; that iron and stone, lying in the street, and not yet put into the building, were destroyed; that even the stono curbs and walls upholding the sidewalks were withered =away into dust. When Chicago was attacked we bad an inefficient Firo Dopartment, an insuf- ficiency of apparatus and hose, = limited eupply of water, which was soon cut off; in Bos- ton they suffered nothing from these causes. 1In these respects that city was well supplied. They had all the means and appliances upon which communities depend for the arrest of fires in cities, and yet the fire there seems tohave been 29 ewift and irresistible as in Chicago, and as far beyond human control. Our firo burned ina etraight line, constantly widening from the place of beginning until it reached the luke, leaving nothing unconsumed. It extended laterally, and, after having crossed the river to the north, burned backward, almost in the teeth of the wind, to Harrison street. So with the Boston fire. It will probably be found that the northern limit to its progress, was not set by the effortsof man, but by somo natural causo not yot ex- plained. In Boston the fire did not begin in a collection of cowsheds, nor was it fed by blocks of wooden cotteges, planing-mills, or stables; it began ina brick warchouse, surrounded by other brick buildings ; from this it rapidly communicated across tho narrow streets to other brick and stone structures, and finally attained a breastway that ‘Luman power could not span or resist. It demon- strates the fact that a fire once started, and at- taining a breadth of a quarter of a mile, and ven by cven o moderate wind, can- not be urrested in any city of the coun- try; and thaet, until there is 2 radical and thorough reform in the construction of buildings, and in the uee of meterisls, no city {n this country can claim to bo exempt from the possibilities of just sucha conflagration as has destroged Doston. Who doubts that a fire, start- ing 2t the foot of Broadway, in New York city, once fairly under way, and having attained o Dbreadth of a quarter of a mile, anda degree of heat which prevents hand-to-hand conflict with it, would, if supported by o strong wind from {he south, sweep New York from river to river, up to Central Park? Is thero anythingin the construction of the buildings in New York, or $hie materials of which they aro built, to give any reasonable hope that they could present a bar- rier to such a fira? 1s thero any other city that can claim fo bo 5o builtas to defy tho progress of o fire onco beyond tho ordinary capacity of a fire brigado? Thero must bo a reform ia architecture. It 15 useless to build wooden interiors ; tho outside orshell may haufndam:u:t,bntit\vfllbeomouail golong as the fire can find interiorsof wood. Itig folly to erect stone and iron ‘buildings and then place on tho top of them a lumber yard, expect- ing that such & building will succesefully resist tho intense heat from without; or, in caseof & firo within, from breaking through and epread- ing to other buildings. We must have such im- provements in the construction of buildings that a firc can, with ordinary care, be kept with- in the walls of the building where it originates. This is only possible by excluding from such building, or reducing to & minimum, all materinl that is itself capable of being consumed by fire, and thercby causing the de- struction of its oxterior walls. We have in this city, asthere areinall otherlarge cities, buildings 80 high and sodeep as to prevent any successful application of water from without to extingnish ‘a’firé. " The most that can b6 done in such case is to keep the fire within the walls. But, in nine-tonths of all these buildings,the outer walls are the only incombustible - material used. In each the walls are tied and held together by wooden joists, resting on wooden girders, sup- ported on iron columns, and each floor is con- nected by hatchways or stairs. A fire once start- ed finds in these wooden interiors fuel for a rap- id and an intense heat ; the iron columns once heated give wey, letting down floor after floor, either’ throwing tho walls outward or pulling them down in the general wreck. The wind bears fihc flames and burning brands to otber Dbuildings ; and so it goes—as in Chicago, 50 in Boston, and o it will be sooner or later in every city similarly constructed. They manage theso things better in France and in Europe generally. We must take some lessons from them, FINANCIAL EFFECTS OF THE BOSTON FIRE. The Boston fire has blotted out perhaps one hundred millions of sccumulated capital. Its first effects will, of course, be felt by the imme- dinte losers—the merchants and business men whose circulating capital in the form of goods and materials has been'destroyed, and the own- ers of buildings whose income has been taken away from them. Its next effects will be felt by the insurance companies whose assets have been engulfed in the conflagration, and by their policy holders in all parts of tho country, who are not only deprived of the protection they had bargained for, but are unableto got therequisite amount of insuranca elsewhere, and are com- pelled to become their own insurers for the time being. The next blow will fall’ upon the credi~ tors of those Boston merchants who are un- able to meet their engagements. How far this may reach it is impossible now to say. Boston has not only done business on her own capital heretofore, but has been & large lender to other parts of the country. Such a calamity could not fall upon any community in the United States better able to bear it. Money s been very tight in Boston as elsewhere late- Iy, but her banks aro the strongest in the country, and we do not apprehend that any of them will suspend. The next thing in order will bo o heavy sale of sccurities (stocks, bonds, &¢.) by insurance companies and privato indi- viduals to meet losses, and to obtain funds for robuilding. Speculators carrying stocks, bonds, &c., on margins, will also bo compelled to throw them overboard. This will cause s tempo- rary decline in all such secirities, and perhaps produce & panic in the stock exchanges of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia similar to that which followed tho Chicago fire, but will not necesearily extend be- yond those precinets. The next effect, and this is the one Chicago is most concerned in, will be the curtailment or cesgation of loans from New England, from which o large share of the capi- tal has been obtained for rebuilding here. Bos- ton and Chicago cannot be rebuilt with the same capital at the same time. The amount of money we have obtained from New England has been 80 great that we apprehend Boston will not easi- 1y find the capital to replace her ruined edifices. The question which most people will ask is whether the Boston firo will be like- ly to produce a general financial crisis. The Chieago fire did not have that ef- fect and there is no reason intrinsically why the Boston fire should do so. Money is tighter now than it was ono yearago; but, on the other hand, Boston is less in debt than Chicago was, and, in the aggregate, is not indebt at all. Being a creditor, and not a debtor city to tho rest of the country, there is no’ reason why her disaster should carry alarm to the business community elsewhere. She will not be able to lend as for- ‘merly, but she will not suspend. TEZ FRENCH REPUBLIC. The French Republic is evidently in & transi- tion state. Whether the discordant elements which are at work will result in pushing it back into monarchy or will propel it forward and give it more stable republican form, is difficult to determine. It is struggling between two power- ful forces—monarchy on the one hand and so- cialism on the other, Napoleon III, Prince Je- rome, . Rouher, aad the Count de Chambord representing the various phases of tho one, the expatriated Communists sbroad and such men as Yictor Hugo and Lonis Blanc at home, the phases of the other. Between this Scylls and Charybdis, M. Thiers is to steer with even keel. The proposition of Louis Blanc is perhaps the nearest and most threatening danger against which M. Thiers has to guard, from the fact that he is a2 man universally respected for his simplicity of character and blamelessness of life. His proposition touches social questions, and these are the only questions which scem to sgitate the breasts of Treochmen, in the attempted settlement of which, hitherto, they have so often rushed into the atrocious extremes of Communism. Louis ‘Blanc i not & Communist, although he is & poli- tical romancist and social dreamer. His repnb- can system will never bring him to the punish- ments of Sartory, nor to the solitudes of New Caledonia. His proposition to lecturo on his theme was forbidden, however, by Thiers, end g0 the historian prints it in the republican newspa- per, the Rappel, by which means he secures a still larger audience. Louis Blanc hes buils up & model Republic on paper, but it is after 21l an Utopia. His propositions ero fascinating, ‘but bave no foundation. He bases his Republic upon universal sulfrage, and demands that the Government shall control the morals, the edi- cation, and the health of the people, Ho would make the . elections fre- quent, so that universal suffrage can express its will constantly, and at the same time makes the Legislature supreme, but sug- gests no menner in which theso constantly chang- ing administiations, burdened with political ma- chinery. and distracted with inevitable cabals and intrigues for poser, can accomplish theso desirable reforms. He would take education from the Clergy and make it compulsory, and elso make the bearing of armsa universzl public duty. Ho would sholish capital punishment and all taxes and tariffs, levying only one single di- rect tax for the support of the Government. In ‘his Republic, he would gradually efface all ranks and privileged orders, insure absolute freedom of the press, conscience, and suffrage, 50 as to. _alQ ways secure the rights of the minority, and final- ly wonld fiptroduce co-operetion in labor, s0 that the right of lsbor shall lead to the right of property. These gre the outlines of Louis Blanc's republic. It is the fascinat- ing dream of the romancer, which can never be realized. The attempt to realize it would disin- tegrato the present imperfect Republic, and one or the other of the numeroys gspjrants for the empty throne would step in snd build up & Kingdom on the ruins of the Republic, ~ Meanwhile, what is M. Thiers doing to strengthen the basis of his Republic, and make it permanent, instead of provisional? There is no way of learning what his officiel message on the reopening of the Assembly will contain on this point, but & work has been recently issued in Paris, by M. Edmond Texier, a Republican writer, which has been lsrgely inspired by M. Thiers, and it is furthormore well known that the ~views of the two men are in harmony, and this work therefors fur- nishes & clue to the changes which M. Thiers proposes to offer to the Assembly. The grand ‘underlying proposition is that, as the present provisional state of things cannot last, the Government must rest on & permanent Consti- tutional basis, and that this must be established gradually, by enacting a few organic Inws, rather than by adopting 2n elsborate Constitntion at once. As all Governments are tempted to abuse their power, and as a single chsmber may become despotic, and involve the whole Govern- mentin ruin, it is proposed to create & second chamber, which shall be elected by existing elective bodies, such ss Councils-General, Municipalities, Chambers of Commerce, and Academies, and shall act a8 a counterpoise to the chamber elected by the popular vote. Universal suffrage will also be ssked for as the only basis of popular sovereignty, instesd of the present gystem, under which the Deputies are elected by Departments. It is assumed that the elector must see and hear, not somebody who is to choose his cendidate, but that candidate him- self. Finally, a proposition is made with regard to the election of the President himself. M. Thiers is now only a Deputy, elécted by his fel- low-Deputies and responsible tothem only. This cannot last, for no form of Government can re- main republican in which the powers of State are not reciprocally independent. In seeking to remedy this, & plan very similar to our own will be proposed. As each of our States chooses certain persons, who in turn elect the President, g0 it is proposed that each Department shall choose persons in whom it can confide, for the same purpose. These, it is believed, both in France and Eng- land, are the main, and, perhaps, the only, pro~ positions which will be suggested. As com- pered with the fanciful theories of Louis Blanc they present somothing practical and tangible, and bid fair to prepsre the way for a perma- nent form of government, if the Assembly has the good sense to adopt them. They are 80 nearly allied to our principles of government, although they do not fulfil the complete demo- cratic idea, that M. Thiers will meet with hearty sympathyin this country, and his effort to establish Republicanism will be watched with s livelier interest than ever before. Boston, among other 2ids toher rebuilding and reatoration, has an admirable city policy, already made familiar to ber citizens, of a direct 2nd readily available method of locating and widening Btreets, without the tedions process that hold such improvements in check in other cities. The effect of this system had manifested itself in the numerous new streets and avenues finished or projected, The burned district will now give an area in the very heart of business for a complete application of the modern de- velopment system. Crooked streets, narrow lanes, places that lead nowhere, will disappear from the Boston City map, and Boston as re- built will see her palaces of trade restored on wide, straight thoroughfares for the first time worthy of the buildings that adorn them. Royalty and Aristecracy in England. The Blue Book, coutaining the * finance ac~ counts” of the British Government of 1871-2, shows that, excluding the Civil List, which emounts to £406,238 17s. 9d., the grants to the royal family show a total of £125,985 8s. 1ld. The odd figures in this total, which will at once arrest attention, are explained by the circum- stance that in the past financial year only a por- tion of the allowances made to Princess Louise and Prince Arthur fell due. The grant to the former ia £6,000, and to the Iatter £15,000. The Crown Princess of Prussia takes £8,000; tho Princess Alice, £6,000; the Prince of Wales, £40,000; the Princess of Wales, £10,000; the Dauke of Edinburg, £15,000; the Princess Chris- tian, £6,000 ; the Duchess of Cambridge, £6,000; the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (daughter of the Duchessof Cambridge), £3,000; the of Cambridge, £12,000 (apart, of course, from his military pay) ; and the Duchess of Teck, £5,000. There are four ex-Chancellorse—Lords Bt. Leonars, Chelmsford, Westbury, and Cairns —who each draw £5,000a year. The political ensions are very few. Under this head only fous mnnuities of the frst-class (£2,000) are permitted to run at one time. This class is full, and tre two parties divide the spoil equally be- tween them. Theannuitants are Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Walpole, Sir George Grey, and Mr. Milner Gibson. The two second-class pensions_ of £1,400 are vacant; bat BIr. Villiers and Mr, Headlam, under the act of 1869, have each £1,200, only a portion of which, however, comes out of the consolidated fund. Of the four third-claes pensions (£1,200) three are vacant, the one annuitant being Lord Clarenco Paget. Under class four, six pensions of £1,000 are al- lowed, but only one is drawn, the recipient be- ing Admiral Hamilton, late Second Secrotary of tha Admiralty. Mr. Romaine, who recontly filled & similar appointment, is on_ the list, but a note informs us that the pension is suspended while that gentleman is in receipt of salary in India as Judge Advocate General. We need not refer in detail to the civil service, the judicial, and the diplomatic pensions, but it may be nated that the pensions for nayal and military services charged on the consolidated fund amount to £88,000 & year. The representatives of Lord Rodney receive £2,000; the representatives of Nelson, £5,000; and the representatives of Lord Amborst, £3,000. These are perpotual, the others are for one or more lives. The hered- itary pensions of the old type are now reduced to four—the heirs and descendants of William Penn, .£4,000 ; the Duke of Marlborough, £4,000; the heirs of the Duke of Schomberg, £2,160; and Lord Bath, £1,200. Annuitants are pro- verbielly long lived, and hers is a curious casein point: “Mary Ann Forster (now Tomes) lato housemaid House of Lords, Ireland, for loss of emoluments by the Union, £1808.10d. The total amount paid out of the consolidated fund during the past year for pensions and aunuities ‘was £304,879 28. 5d.; but, of course, in addition to this, the various annual estimates provide for a vory considerable expenditure of & like nature, Tho Cost of . The Quagga, a Substitute for the E Horse, From the Cincinnati Commercial, Probably most of our readers know nio more of the quagga than what they have learned by see- ing its picture in tho school geographies or in books of Aftican ravel, BMany naturalists think that Africa was the original country of the horse, and there ig very little doubt that it was in Northern Africa that the horse was first brought under the subjection of man. In Africaalsothe quagga is found, and there, in like manner, it has been domesticated. FThe quagga has ‘the form, light figure, snd small head aud ears of the horse. It is swift and strong, docile and obedient, and easily domesticated. It is capable of every variety of service performed by the horse, and naturalists say that,by s little care gn. the part of man, it might bo rendered anex- coedingly valuablo beast of burden, It is aboub four feet high 2t_the ghoulders and neck, has slender legs and an asinipe tail, Itis an ex- ceedingly - beautiful animal. its neck sud fore ;{]am are dark brown, elegently striped, with broad_black bands; it has & darl line on its hinder parts are light brown, aud to leg Buffon believed that ‘the quagga Wes_ criginally a hybrid bebween. the Torse and zebra§ but if this’ be 8o, its hybridity has not interfered with its permsnent posers of ropogation. It has an advantage ‘oVe? tho orso; 1n that its fiesh issavory, though of rather coarse fibre; which malkes it all the moro attrac- tiye to the natives, The horse has been eaten, and, at the present day, s used for food fo some extent in Paris ; but horse meat i8 to0 rank ‘for the ‘palate, enél the azco‘zgt;ini ;‘rgfle:afiggg i i on ! 5 e eatosstol Thero w«_m,l%"e no such in fggard to the quagga. Quaggas are g e S ie piains of Sonth- o mar? witt and alert, they are ey could be brought to -3 3 difficulty i fonnd %d in ern Africa; and not ‘hard to catch. this country by the thousands in the conrse of o year or two. Some years ago an Englishman took & number of quaggas to London, and the people were delighted at seeing in the streets a team of quaggas harnessed to & curricule. THE FARM AND GARDEN. The New Stock or Non-Fencing Law— Will Farmners do Without Fences 7— Must We Have Highway Fences 7— The Need of a Dog Law-—Smal2 Elocks of Sheep, and Their Value 3o the Farmer. From Our Agricultural Correspondent, Craueaey, 1il., Nov. 9. The new Stock law went into operation thelsé day of October. No farm stock is now allowed torun atlarge. The penalty is not less than three nor more than ten dollars for each offence. This is but reaffirming the common law, that gives each person the right to use his own land ashe may please. Should he not wish to pasture any domestic animals, he is then at liberty to cultivate his land without first having to protect it with & costly fence. Itis certainly s reason- able law, 8o far as parties not joining farms sre interested, and towhich they can take no exception. As between adjacent own- ors, experience will no doubt show that further legislation is required. Our Fence luws have always been crude and ill- digested, depending more npon the opinion of the Supreme Court thanupon the law itself, as no two farmers could agree upon its literal mesning. The law as it now stands is simply & rebuke to the Supreme Court in construing the rights under the common law; for, in fact, we had no statutory provision beyond the regula- tion of line or division fences, and that is all we need. Bat, 'WILL FARMERS DO WITHOUT FENCES? In the cities there is no occasion for Fence laws, -No animal is a free commoner, and per- sons trespassing are linble: and yet no onein the city thinks of dispensing with a fence. There are some Western towns where fences are not common; but in those the system of irriga~ tion makes 8 new condition of things, and the ‘water-courses along the streets mark the bonnda- ries of the several owners. I apprehend that the new Jlaw will not ~lessen the number of miles of fencing 80 very greatly as many suppose ; but one of its good effects will be to %;ve parties time, and to leave them to judge how much fencing they will_construct, and the time of its constraction. It will also lead to a‘genter vigilance in the care of domes- tic animals, Had this law been in force from the first settlement of the Western States, it would have saved many millions of dollars that are nowa_total loss; and, what is more, our groves and river forcsts have been swept of their most valuable_timber, such as_oak, lime, poplar, and cven_black walnut, which went to protect the prairie farms from the herds of Cattle and hogs that were permitted torun at Jarge. Less than one-half of this outlsy would have sufficed to have inclosed the farmer’s stock, while the large herds should have been in charge of 2 herder, as i3 now the case on the plains west of the greab river. MUST WE HAVE HIGHWAY FENCES? Not necessarily, for cattle may be driven along the highway, and it is the duty of the owner to Beo that they do not trespass beyond its bounds, and, should he neglect this, or his cattle break away from him and do any damage, ho is liable for the same. We have become 80 accustomed to highway and other fences that it detracts largely from the apparent value of a farm to see it destitute of a fence along the highway; and it is probable that, in all cases whero tho Osage orange will thrive, we may look for hedges along the roadside. Then the farmer must have pasture for his stock, at least in part, for labor is too dear to admit of soiling in all cases, especially when we can have cheap pasturage. But there is no doubt that this non-fencing system will lead to 2 large amount of soiling in the course of & few years, for that has proved to be the practice in all gimilar cases. If A wishes to pasture his land adjacent to B, and B prefers’ to cul- tivate, there is mo resson why B shomld be compelled to make his part of the division fence ; but, should he pasture the adjacent Jand, itis then right that he should maintsin hie proportion of the fence. There are saveral towns in this county that have, under the Township laws, practised the system of non-in- closure, and the farms in 21l such towns have been at 2 _premium, simply because stock was not allowed to run of large. There is no danger that any county in this State will vote to go back to the old system. ‘Stock running in the highwsy, for the pur- ose of pasturage, is o great nuisance, and often eads to.trouble of a_serious nature. A great ‘many years ago, I bad plantéd o row of shade- trees half a milé long, and supposed that they wero out of the way of ordinary stock, and ‘moved the fence to it proper place, leaving the road four rods wide, with the line of trees eight feet within the bounds of the road. A neighbor purchased three or four yoke of oxen for the purpose of breaking prairie, On Saturda; nights he wouk come home, a0 turn these animals into the bighway; and, in & month, in spite of my vigi- lance, more than half the trees were destroyed. The only_ redress that I had was to reset the fence a dozen feet into the rord-bounds, and, the following spring, replant the trees. The ‘man—T do not call him neighbor—never planted a shade tree, and could not be brought to see that his cattle annoyed me. Ho had no pastare Jot for his oxen, and he said they must run in the road, = where they had & right to go. The result was that the man became disgusted with tho neighborhood, and sold his farm. Of course, no such man ever makes & good farmer, for & good farmer is almost invariably & good neighbor; but this clasg of men cannot see the vaiue of & pleasant home, and they must give place to those who do, snd movo on towards the frontier, This is a true picture, and one that has been repeated in = thousand neighborhoods in this State. Some have been reformed, but the majority have moved further West, and are repeat- ing the same thing in Kengss, Mis- souri, = Nebraska, and other laces. I heard of a numberof them in my Western brip, last year. JMay their habits be improved by compulsory laws similar to ours, for nothing short of this will reach them. We bave & very good Roadlaw in sddition, and 10w the most pressing need is for A GOOD DOG LAW. TFxperience hasshown that large numbers of dogs and small flocks of sheep cannot exist to- gether in the same country. 1t is claimed that & very poor, shiftless facier may keep threa “icurs of low degree;’ an ordinary shiftless farmer, two of like hsbit; and any persom, Without regnrd to stauding, one dog, but this must be a well-fed, recpectuble dog. As a genersl thing, this Tole holds good; snd the Tesult is, the dogs have the field as against the sheep. We do not want sheep, as of old, mainly for their wool, for the spinning-wheel aund the ‘hand-loom have departed forever from the farm- er's house; but we do need sheep for the mutton mainly, and incidentally for the wool, as well a3 totidy up the farm. *‘But you have no fences,” suggests my noighbor Martin's tenunt, who has threemangy curs. Supposewe have afew sheep, say twenty, and these are kept in a smalllot, but ara nico sheep, so domestic that they come at your call, and &llow you to handle them. You have two or three acres of potatoes that are laid by, and in which the anturn grasses and weeds begin to make headwsy, and will annoy you greatly at the digging. You callin the potsheep For an hour or two each day for a week, and the Weeds and barn-yard grass disappears, and re- appears in the form of mutton, I eimply ask if thiy is not & pleasant and profitable way to make clean the potato-patch. 'hem, sgain, the corn- field is laid by, and the sheep are brought in to clean up the weeds and the sutumn grastes thut are 6o much _in the way at the time of husking. And then, aloug tho rows of the orchard trees, the birds have planted the black- berry and thie raspberry, and theso bave annoyed Mary and John'and Eddio whau picking up the apples; but the pet flock of sheep, Cotswol d or other large Lreeds, have been imvited into the crchard, and they Lave stripped the leaves from these Lrambles, -and they Lave died root and brauch. A small flock of cloice, pet shoep, of the large breeds, is certainly an item tobe placed to the account of improved farming, 85 opposed to dogs. Dogs are an evidence of barbarism, andwe have only to’ go into the best cultivated districts in order to see tho_ few- est number of dogs. ‘Now that the clection is over, we may talk of those thinga that the farm- ers of tho State will demand at the Lunds of the General Assembly, and among these i a law that shall compel the owners of dogs to pay a tax thit shall bo ‘sufficient to pay for all the sheep killed.” Large flock-masters may corral their sheep at night and guard them by day; but the farmer, ivho 1Aps a smull flock of twonty of thirty, cannot, afford “to’ do this; mOr canho bring the proof home to the owier of the dogs that did the mischief. For this ressou, there must be 2 common fund, aut ol which the oWger of any sheep killed by dogs sbail bo aid :ho loss incurred by doge, let them be whose hey mag, ¥ cop killing dogs do mot set up a loud bark tocall attention to their crime, but. on the con- trary, sneak after the shesp, kill and eat them, and then g0 quietly home .and [play the part of an honest dog. It is of little use, therefore, to at« tempt to fix the crime where 1t belongs; and the only way is fo tax all the dogs, whether of & high or low dogren.’ Asido from the dogs trained for special purposes, the whole pack of them have no real value. They remind, one of the Dutchman who sned his neighbor for the value of adog. The plaintiff stated to the Court that the dog was good for nothing, but, as his neighbor was so mean 8s to shoot him, ho should pay the full value. History ssys the Justice made the Constable pay the costs,—10 doubt for encouraging the suit. And so it is, these _dogs are worth nothing, and, if_the State should order the whole lot of them killes a howl would go wup demandin eir foll value.. A “cemsus of all e dogs kepton the farms would astonish the public; and then, if we could get at the cost of keeping them, we should create a greater astonishment. As guardians of the farm at night, they have no great value ; for the night-prowler after poul- try and_other things lying around loose makes things disappear from uunder the direct care and presence of the “ watch-dog.” He is like s city goliuemm,-—n_at there when wanted,—or has een bribed with a piece of rawmest. A taxof $9 per capifa would soon make worthless curs scarce, and good mutton-sheep plenty. Talk of a Protective tariff; why, the dog has been pro- tocted so long that every small flock of sheep has disappeared from the farms. A neighbor has two valuable g!) dogs. One of them brings up the cows, and the other serves him as & play- mate: and the two suck every egg that is laid on the farm. As soon as a hen cackles, thedogs are all attention, and they do not stop to play until th> egg is devoured. Hot eggs, cold eggs, eggs filled with pepper; have no effect on their appetite. And thus it is, if the dog does ome good turn, he is certain to do several bad ones as an offset, My good friend, Senator Whiting, has dcue his best to have an_effectual Dog law passed; but be has been snarled at and lzughed at for his pains. Every three-cent lawyer in the Assem- bly has said some witty thing in regard to it, and has steadily voted against the bill; for, if the dog can’t vote, some of the owers of dogs can do 8o, and it is the fear of these votes that deter this class of legislators from looking at the gquestion in thelight of business. I have no idea who was elected in the late canvass; but this I do kuow; that a large proportion of them must be good business men, for, in the present condition of parties, the well-conceded need of a better class of men for this Eosition has not been barren of results. We shall, therefors, look forwerd to the next Legislature, with hopes_ of progresa in the statutes that affect rural alfairs. BCRAL. PR T - GENERAL NEWS ITEMS, loomington, Ill., has elected a Congressm: and now wants s Post Offico building. e —Wednesday evening, while the Republicans were celebrating in Keithsburg, Ill, a small c:mnodx} used on the occasion exploded, terribly wounding & young man named George Frick, Who died-so0r aficy. e g —An invalid soldier at Fort Whipple was re- cently tied to a cart-wheel, and kept there fonr hours in a drenching ram, simply becanse he had ventured to resnonstrate with an officer who had taken from him a bottle containing medi- cine, —Colonel Geo. Lindley, formerly & lawyer of some note in Hartford, and Judge in the Circuit Court of New Haven Counfy, aund who served as & Colonel in the Mexican War, has just died at Waverley, Ta. ? - —2rs. G. W, Mesplay, one of the heirs of the late William Eiliott, has commenced suit in Pe« oria to set aside Mr. Elliott’s will. The amount - involved in this suit is variously estimated at from 2250,000 to £400,000. —At Jacksonville, Ill., Mrs. Catherine Mundle brought suit for damages against William B.. Burke for selling liquor to_her husband. snd the jury returned a_ verdict in favor of the plaintiff for $62.50 and costs. —A danghter of Horace A. Baxter, of Brighton, Mass., 14 years of age, was accidentally, and i is feared fatally, shot with a pistol on Tuesday, the ball entering the centra of the forehead, fracturing the bones and lodging in the brein. —An old snd esteemed Liverpool lady, Miss Tsabella Mather, who was well known for her un- ostentations charity, has just died in her 80th year, and by her death s large number of inter- esting and valuable miniatures will be added to the town museum. These miniatures were for- merly the property of the ex-Emperor of the French—then plain Louis Napoleon—having been bought from him by the brother of Miss Mather when he was in pecuniary difficulties, ‘before his accession to power. The miniatures represent different members of his family, in- cluding the parents of Napoleon the First snd his celebrated Marshals; and, after the coup 'defat, Nug[uleun endeavorad, but in vain, to in- duce Mr. Mather to part ‘with them. The de- ceased lady was one of the last representatives ofanold Puritan family, who Wers probably among the original members of the first Dissent- ing chapel in Lancashire, —_— : War Department Weather Prognoss tications. ‘War DeparTMENT, OFFICE OF TEE CHIEF B16NAL OrFFICER, D1vISION OF TELEGRAMS AND REPORTS FOR THE BENEFIT oF COMMERCE, ‘WasawsaroN, D, C., Nov. 10,—Probabilities— The barometer will fall on Lakes Huron and Michigan, and thence over the lower lakes and to the mid-Ohio Valley, with southeasterly to southwesterly winds, clondy weathér, and rain. In New England, generally clear westher and light variable winds. In the Middle States, ymly cloudy weather and light southerly winds. n the South Atlantic States, northerly winds, clearing weather, and occasional rain. Inthe Guif States, wind northeasterly to sontheaster- 13 ‘with parily cloudy weather, extending to the hio Valley. In the Northwest, and thence to the Ohio Valley, winds veering to northwesterly, with cool, clearing weather, but occasional rain on Monday. No Brass Bands on Sunday. Newagg, N. J., Noy. 10.—The Catholic parade, which was to have taken place to-day, in connec- tion with Iaying the corner stone of St. Joseph’s Chureh, was poatponed by Archbishop Bailey on account of the Mayor's order prohibiting bande in the procession. p - The New York Irish militis ‘and_some Jeay City societies paraded, however, but Chief uf Police Glasley stopped the music. The demon- stration will take place on Thanksgiving Day. Great excitement was occasioned by the parade, which was regarded as & defianca of the authur- ities. No disturbance occurred. — Vessels Passed Detroit, Special Despétch to The Chicago Trbune, Dernorz, Nov. 10.—Passep Te. Props Montreal, Northern ~ Light, Cbamplain, _Ruleigh, _Annid Cralg, Vandérbilt, Oneids, New York, and barges Jeness, Nebraska, Canisteo, Benton; 'barks North-West, ¥rank Siegel; &chooners Golden Rule, Grace Whitney, G.Shernian, Minch, General Rawson, 0. L. Tick, Emeu, Emna Myers, Hubbard, Griswold, Rainbow. Passep Dows. Props Acadis, Bay City, and barges Birkhiead, Graves, Passaic; barks Vanderbilt, Board of Trade, Advance, Masialon; schooners Thomas Quagle, Willis, Clara Parker, Quinly, Evaline, Oliver Culver, Dan Fort, Nevads, Harvest Home, Czuf. WrND—Southeast. —_— Albany Live Stock [Market. Special Despat... to the Chieago Tribune, Arpaxy, N. Y., Nov, 10.—BEEVEs.—During Thurs- dayand Friday the market was comparatively inactive in consequence of an advance of X to e per Ib asked by holders, and a disposition of buyers to hold off in tho Lope of the market taking a downward turn. There was a good attendance of buyers, but while they wunted cattlo they did not feel inclined to pay more than last week's rates. The supply of good beeves was scarce, and it became evident yesterday that buy- ers would elther have to pay the advance ssked or else tuke the inferior cattle, Buyers therefore gave Wiy, and a lively business was done, In fact, by noon neasty ull the stock worth having had beed bought. The offerings have comprised more medium and in-. ferior animals than usual, aud these commanded but Jittloattention, The top Prics realized was T3¢, which for the quality of the cattlo purchased was an advance over luat week of 3¢ per Ib. KecerpTs—The following are the receipta of the week in car loads, taken from the books of the Central Railfoad: Monday, 14 cattle, 4 Sheep, 49 hogs; Tuesdsy, 15 cattle, 7 sheep, § Bogs ; Wednesday, 8 sheep; 70 hogs ; Thuredsy, 60 cattle’; 36sheep; 110 bogs; Friday, 104 cattle 30 ihep > 38 hogs 3 Saturday, 42cattle’s 90 sheepi 17 hojgs 5 Sunday, 5 cattle ; 4 sheep ; 21 hogs, cattle, 175 aheep, 358 hugs. 3 Tuaces—The followmg are the ruling prices seck: Iremon, ST5G8S 5 Arst . 5, inferior, $2.25@4.25. ctween 10 and 80 trom $1. MiLcH Cows—Market quiet, . were offered this week, and all yero takén, $50 to $75 eack. Woks1nG OTES—In good demand, - Prices Tange from510eper b, - 5 Snerr—Only o moderate trade has been done in tins market duriug the week, many of the car loads Te- celved being sent through in irst hands. We quote prices realized, at from5to 63{c for coarse woo} sech 4 to G for fine wool; and Tto 8Xq fof atssbs. Hous—The trade this week hes been mainly cone fnéd toState droyes, at from $5.00 !oSS.QDX:g'M' Western hogs command from 5% to §i¢ per ib, % —_— Xilineis River and Canal News. LaSavyg, Jil, Nov, 10.~Rrvxr—Nothing arrived or departed, . CaxaL—Passed in, nothing. Passed out, barge No. 2 .na&aa‘]‘ ;\;m. glas knd saud, for uszflne‘:!' p e, mum;;t 2ad tea luckes Of WASE 4 the mitersill of