Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 10, 1872, Page 6

6 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDA VEMBER 10, 1872, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. DarTTME OF SUBSCRIFTION (PATABLY IN ADVANCE). ally, by mail.....$12.00 | Sunda; B ek S12:00 Weekly'. Parts of & year at the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakes, be surs and gire Post Office address in full, including State ant County. Remittances may be made either by draft, express, Post Ofice order, or in registered lotters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUDSCRIDEDS, Daily, delivered, Sunday excepted, 35 cents per week, Daily, delivered, Sunday fncluded, 30 cents por week, Address THE TRIBUNK COMPANY, No. 15 South Canal-st.. Chicago, Lll. TNE Branch Office, No. 469 Wabash-av., fn the re of Messrs. Cobb, Andrews & Co., whero sdvertisements and subscriptions will bo recolved, and will receive the samo attention as if left at the Main Offica. THE TRIBCNE connting-room and buel; will remain, for the present, at No, 15 Cs vertisements should be banded in at that place, @b Chisage Tribune, Sunday Morning, November 10, 1873. It is stated that the precise amount which Mr. Beammon, of Milwaukes, has oxpended in pub- lishing a newspaper up to this timo, over and above the receipts thereof, is £10,000 of the Mutnal Security Insuranco Compeny's funds and £10,000 of tho city school fund,—muking £50,000 inall. Therefore, hie ought to be clected to the Benate. — An English gentlemen of largo experienco in the iron trade, who has been making a tonr of tho United Statcs, informs us that the most favorable locality ho has yet found for the man- ufacture and sale of. ironis Chicago,—the oro coming from Lako Buperior, and tho ccal from Brazil, Ind., tho market herebeing practically without limit. Mo tlinks that pig iron can be | produced here for about tho samo money that is paid in Pittsburgh for the ore. While England, France, and Germany aroseri- ously discuesing the alarming prospects of & failure of fuel by the exhaustion of the Europesn | coal beds, & similar fear has arisen in Russia, which depends slmost entirely upon wood. Ac- ! cording to the Ruesian papers, the forests are , disappearing g0 rapidly that a scarcity of wood ' must ensuo very soon. On the Volga, the price | bas advanced almost 100 percent. Esplorations | ‘ave been made for coal, but without any result ! thus far. Meanwhile, 2 meeting of proprictors and enltivators of forests is being held in Mos- ©ow, at which it is expected that etringent rules will be adopted to regulate the cutting of wood Tfor railways, distilleries, and sugar manufac- tories, which are at present consuming immense quantitios of wood. The Supreme Court of Tlinois has just'made » decision in the case of certain property-owners on South Clark sireet against the Chicago City Railway Company, which is of goneral public importance. It will be remembered that some time previous: to tho fire, the Company, under the provisions of an old city ordinance, under- took to lay down & track on South Clark street, from Randolph to Twenty-second. Certain property-owners on that street applied for an injunction in the Circuit Court, but the Court ruled in favor of the Company. An appeal was taken to the Bupreme Court, and the Supreme Court has now affirmed the decision of the Court below, which leaves the Company fres to Tesume its track-laying. Under the operation of this decision, it is now proposed, in conjunction with the North Side Company, to lay a continue ous track from Twenty-second street to Lincoln Park, charging but one fare for the through trip. The condition cf the Chicago horses is much better than in any other city whero the epizootio has prevailed. Neither tho Chicago Gity Rail- way Company nor Young's Omnibus Line has lost aingle horse from the disease, and the deaths generally have been much fewar than the extent of the disoass would have warranted any one in hoping. This favorable condition is the direct result of the prompt withdrawal of horsea from work. It is estimated, horwever, that it will be several days, even with tho best weather, before there can be a general resumption of the means of street-travel. One of the greatest er- rors of all that have been mado in the treatment of horses is that of blanketing animals while working them. This practice is almost univer- eal. The effect is to overheat the horse and bring on excessive porspiration, and, as it is not ‘possible to give him farther protection when he is stopped, he can scarcely fail to catch cold, if ho has none, or to Increase the danger of his disease, it he already has it. The practice should be abandoned at once. — Itis to be hoped that Judge Quent's attech ment for Lsura D, Fairwill continue to rclste %o her goods and not to her person, and will be of a legal rather than a domestic charsctor. It ‘will be remembered that her last victim, Crit- tenden, became acqusinted with her by being called on to dofend her professionally on the charge of murdor, in consequonce of a slight difference betweon her and a former gentleman concerning & Confederato flag which she claimed the right to raise over her hotel, and which he proposed to take down. Crittenden's success resulted in an attachmont for her per- son, which would scem to bo far more dangerous than an attach- ment againet hor money in the bank. As Crittenden's bill was finally ecttled by peymest In cold lead, the public will look with doop solic- itude to sco whothor Judge Quont will be paid in the same coin, and, if he shall bo murdered, #5 is highly probable, and Mrs. Fair shall boe ac- quitted for his murder on the ground of insanity, whether her couneel on that trial will havo the temerity to present abill. Beforo trevelling this eircle many times more, it would scem thet Cali- fornis lawyers would learn to defend Mrs. Fair for all her murders gratutiously, to abandon their wives and receipt their billa in her {avor with equal facility, and to allow her to wave over Lerthreshold the Confederate flag, the black flag, the Ku-Klux flag, or any other standard that plessed her. HOW THECITY I8 CHEATED OF ITS REVE- NUE. There is s serious defect in the laws of this Btate in the matter of the collection of taxes, which threatens to overwhelm the State and al the subordinate municipalities in loes and con- fusion. This defectis that, whenover there may be an exror in the proceedings of lovy and ssacasment of taxes, howevor technical, it oper- ates as a dofeat of the tax and releases the per- Bon resisting it, and his property, from any pay- ment of that tax for all time to come. In this nuatter, thoyaw as construed by the Courtamakes a distinction between debts. A realty tax is a debt due by the citizen to the State or to the Government. The law assumes a valuable con- withont any reason thorefor. Thus, where A claims that B owes him $500, rofuscs to pay, A has the right to sue him ; upon the trial B may, according to the forms of Iaw, plead all manner of defences of a formal or technical character, which the Court may sustain; but these dofences, however well talen, may post- pone but can nover dofeat a valid claim. The plaintiff may amend his declaration, or, taking a non-guit, may bring Lie action anew; or, if the defenco be that the domand is excessive, and that only one-half tho claim is really due, that fact is ascertaiued, and judgment is obteined for the correct sum. Novw, mark this difforonce in the case of & claim by the city for taxes: The property of Ais assessed, and o tax for $500 is declared duo thercon. A refuses to pay, and suit is brought. A pleads that in the demand his property is not correctly described; that his lot is put down as in Block 10 of Smith's Subdi- vigion of tho n 35 of tho s 0 ¢ of tho ne X, whon it should have been tho n 34 of the n o X of thos o X ; or, that the notice of application for judgment has not been advertised in overy number of tho corporation newspaper; or, that it has not been published the number of times roquired by lew; or, that it was published on o Sunday or a holiday; or, that it was not pub- lished on a Sunday or bolidey; or, that, though the notico wes pullished correctly, and tho proper number of times, the publisher’s cortidl- ceto was not in form; or, that it wes signed by the wropg person; or, that it was dated wrong; or eomo other similar defenco, which, in any other form of action might be cor- rected by leave of the Court, or, at most, allowed only to postpeno tho judgment until the mistake or defect could bo amended. But, in 2 claim for taxes, if any ono of these, or of various other similar defences, bo established, judgment is refused, and Lho debt is lost forever. The city is debarred from any other procecding to recover that tax. Tho result is that the tax thus lost becomes & public debt, and that debt is accumu- loting in this ciiy ata rate which is startling. ; The same law, the ezme defect, and the samo practice aro applied to tho Stato and County taxes, and tho State and the County annually lose, and lose forever, & large portion of thoir revenucs, and the smount lost is increasing each year. Of course, the euccess which attends this resistance of taxes in this city and county will e0on produce—has already produced—simi- lar resistance in other cities and counties, and , may be expected, therefore, to becomo gencral. The result of this upon the finances of the city is deplorable. The city is rednced to a con- dition where it must depend upon the voluntary payment of taxes by tho citizens, Whonover & citizen refuses to pay, and the technical objec- -tion is susteined, tho tax is lost. The practice isto employ counsel, who make the defence for a percentage of the taxes. Thusa men whose taxes amount to $5,000, by paying $500 to an at- torney to plead a technical objection to the tax warrant, saves $4,500; it is true this 4,500 bo- comes a city debt, upon which inlerest at 10 per cent has to be paid, and the principal must also be paid at some time, but it must bo paidby those who are honest and simple enough to pay their taxes instead of avoiding them. Thismat- ter has progressed g0 far that, at present, the city ie beaten out of $500,000 & year of its reve- nue; and that the amount is not larger is due to the fact that tax payers have not yot generally resorted to this means of escaping. The city is 80 bound up by law that it cannot help itself. Tho Common Council is required, on or before the 30th of June in each yoar, to mske its appropriations for the year ending March 31 following. Its power to lovy taxes is confined to the precise sum needed to meet these spproprintions. It cannot levy a dollar more, nor for any other purpose. If £500,000 of the appropriated revenue is lostin the collec- tion, then that much money has to be borrowed, and the loan is added to the floating debt of the city, and has tobo provided forins taxnoxt year, {from which, in a like manner, a larger amount of revenue is lost by resistance to the tax levy. It tho city were to include in its levy a tax to cover any losses that might occur by reason of dofeated taxey, it would furnish legal cause for an injunction upon the whole levy, and bo left withont any revenue at all. The operation of this practico is op- prossive upon thoso who do pay their taxos. Assuming tho whololevy for city taxos at $3,000, 000, the loss of $500,000, by releass from taxes, throws sn additional burden upon tho property not thus releazed. One-sixth of theresl proper- ty of the city isnow annually discharged from tazation. This property is not owned by the Ppoor, or those who are unable to pay taxes, nor is tho escapo sought because the tax itself is illegal or unfair ; the persons who thus beat the city out of the taxes aro rich mon, including the large speculators whose property increascs in value anuually, and who, being most benofited, refuse to bear their burden of the public cost. Wo have, therefore, an aristocracy owning one- sixth of tho real estato of ths city, who cre for- ever clamoring for improvements at the general exponse, and who aro excmpt from taxation in any form, for suy State, county, or manicipal purpoze, and whose taxcs are made good by ed- ditional levy upon the rest of the community. In looking for the remedy for this evil, which 18 rapidly assuming proportions that must over- whelm tho city and blast ita crodit, it is well to understand what has been done clsewhere to meot a liko condition of things. In Massschu- sotts no man is permitted to question the validity of a tox levied by competent authority until he has tondered or paid tho tax. Ho thea is at lib- erty to contest the justice or legality of the tax, snd, if he makes out his caso, he recovers his money. In California the tex must in liko man- ner be first paid. In Obio the tax levy is abso- lute. The contestant must take notico at the timo of asscssment, and can then endeavor to havo his tax reduced, or, if there be errors, to havo them corrected; after that thero is no such thing s an appeal from a judgment on a debt for tazes, In all these States, and perhaps others, the citizon is not permitted to cripple, embarrags, or defest tho government in the col- lection of its necessary rovenuo. Tho citizen is not, however, left without remedy, becsuse, if ho bas beon erroncously taxed, or forced to pay moro than he really owed, he can, upon proper showing, get his money back. In this State the rule is not only reversed, but s tech- nical informality is made & full dischargo from tazes. The remedy must come from the Legislature. The law must be amended, or it will soon be impossible to carry on municipal government in Dlinois. What is necdod is, that the city, when pplying for judgment, shall bave the privilege of correeting all errora of & technical or formal character, and that, upon correcting thees, the sideration on the part of the State for the debt due by the property-owner. But the law dis- tinguishes between this and all other dobts, tax must be ontered upas a lien upon all the property of the owner. The rule which works €0 admirably elsowhere must also be adopted ; that, whon tho city or Btate obtainsa judgment for taxes, oxecution may be levied, as in the case of any other debt, mponany property of the debtor. Incases whore the objection is to the validity of tho tax, tho powerto lovyit, or to the amount levied, tho remedy should be asin other States ; tho objector paying his tax, and then resorting to the law to recover the samo. Unless tho noxt Legislature give relief in this matter, bys change in the system, there will soon bo an end to the collection of tazoes in this city, and generally throughout the State. THE LAW OF CONTEMPT. ‘Wo differ, and we believe the people of Illi- nois, will differ very widely, from the views laid down ns law by the majority of our Supreme Court in the recent contempt case against the ZEuyening Journal. Thoy say: Wo do not deprecate, nor should we claim tho right to punish, any criticlsm the press may choose to pub- 1ish upon our decisions, apinions, or offictal conduct in regard to cases that havo passed from our Jurisdic- tion, 0 long 88 our action Is correctly stated, and our ofiicial integrity is not impeached, This implies that the press must not comment on the official action of our Courts while on ac- tion is pending ; that, after the action is over, they may bo punished if the Court deems their criticism or statement of the action of th Court to be incorrect, and that no newspapeR, has the right to arraign or doubt the integrity of a Court. We deny all these propositions as aliko unnecessary to the due administration of justice, but tending rather to encourage tho ad- ‘ministration of injustice, and as wholly incon- sistent with the needful and proper freedom of tho press which is gusranteed by our Constitu- tion. It must be remembered that the power of all the Judges of Courts of Resord to punish for contempt is tho same, without regardto the grado of {he Court, or tho character of tho Judge. | i Occasionally, corrupt Judges, as well as corrapt | legislators cnd officers, have arisen under all | governments. Recently, in New York, three | Judges havo beea overthrown for being corrupt. They could not have boen assailed by any effect- ivo means had not their corruption first been freely cherged and proved in the columns of the newspapers, and public opinion roused by those publications to the point of demanding their punishment. The logal powers of Judges Bar- nard, Cardozo, and McCann to punish for con- tempt were the same as those of tho Supreme Court of Illinois now are. What would have been thought had thoy caused every editor to be fined who arraigned their integrity? The question whether it impedes or promotes the edministration of justice to charge & Judge with bribery or not deponds on whether the Judge has been guilty of bribery or not. If ho has, the administration of justice is promoted by charging it in the newspapers. If he has not, it is impeded. But this is not a fit question for tho Judge himself to decide. Being the aggrieved party, he should not git in his owa case. ‘Wo hope it may be long beforo the press of Tllinois will be justified in charging any of our Courts with bribery. Bat should they ever assume the responsibility of making the charge in earnost, the particular Judges who deem themselves aggrieved thereby will bardly have the aundecity to determine the question which would be raised between the press snd themselves. For Judges, no more than Govern- ors, or members of the Legtslature, can claim that the interests of justico demand that they shall be exompt from criticism either by the press or by individuals, whether it bear on their intogrity or ability. It is only by such right of criticism that the purity of any grade of officials can be preserved. Reputation itself would bave no value unless criticism were freo. ‘WANTED—A MUSIC HALL. The Chicago Opera House is evidently destined o be a thing of the future, which will come with the necossity—that is, when people want it and have time to go to it. Mr. Crosby has abandoned all idess of embarking in any such building project, on his individual responsibility, being already more than eatisfied with artistio investmente, in which one-half the money in- vested is doomed to lie idls, and the other half only yields the usual rate of interest. This rule will hold good of all opera houses. On an average, onc-half the money is expended npon the auditorium proper, which yields no mnet profit. The proposal to erect an opera house by stock subscription, although it started out very briskly, and & half-dozen entorprising and ms- thetic gentlemen subscribed vory handsomely, tailed tomeot with public encouragement, and in the tight stato of the monoy market, which has since ensued, tho project hes beon abandoned. Tho whole matter of an opera hous, thereforo, Temains in stalu quo. The next question which comes up touches the disposition of opera. Al- though wo may not hase an opera houso for some time to come, we shall have opers, and what ghall bo dono with it ? Clearly the theatres maust accommodate our chief luxury. They have dono thie before, and can do it again, and in the present surplus of theatres, somo of them will surely be glad to do it before long. It is within the recollection of ali our readers, that Chicago had no opera house until 1865, although it had one, and somotimes two, opera-seasons every year from 1853 until that time. It will also be remembered that, although tho theatres wero smaller than now, and had not = tithe of the stago resources which they now possess, yet we had better performances of opera, and more prosperous seasons, than we after- wards had in the Opers Houmse. Those who remember the performances of such troupes as the Italian, which combined such artists as Parodi, Colson, Cordier Wilhorst, Amalia Patti, Brignoli, Amodio, Juncs and Susini; and tho German, in which Johannsen, Rotter, Habel- mann, Himmer, Carl Formes, and Hormanns sang, all in their primo, with large and well- trained choruses and orchestras, lod by ‘such musical giants 28 Carl Bergmann and Carl An- achutz, will also remember the grand ensembdle theatres aro not sultablo placos for concerts. They are too expensivo, and thoro is a large lassin the community, whose theatrical projus dlcos are 80 strang, that they will not go insiden theatre, except to hear a sermon. The concert buginess, aince the fire, has been mainly confined to two churches, the Michigan Avenue Baptist and the Union Park Congregational. Neithor of them aro fitted for the purpose, and perhaps the ‘best toat of their unfitness is found in the fact that almoat overy concort whichhas been given in them haa resnlted in a loss to the givers. Be- e:des theso two churches, there are ono or two emzl] balls which have proved dismal failures, ‘Woare nob only without s proper place for con- carts, but wo are withont conveniences for large public moetings, conventions, eto. Tho need is & prossing ono, and weo are surprised that some one has not erected bofore this a largo and hand- some hall, contrally located, and capable of ac- comodating at loast 2,500 people. In building such s hall, it is not necessary to indulge in tho finery which disfigured Farwoll Hall. What is needed most ia security of construction, good acoustic proporties, comfortable sittings, and convenienco of access from all parts of tho city. Buch a hall would be in largo demand, and would poy bandsomely. It would attract many concert troupes hero, which cannot como now because they cannot pay theatro charges, do not care to go into churches, and cannot male any profit in tho smaller halls. Who will build our Musio Hall? —— DARWIN AND HIS DISCIFLES. In a recent articlo, TrE TRIBUNE gave 2 brief history of the progress that has been made in the work of popularizing ecienco. No singlo instance of the success of this movement is more striking than the tolerance with which the doctrine of Evolution,—more commonly known 3 “Darwinism,” though perhaps it should bo rroperly called ¢ Herbert-Spencerist,"~has been received in socinl and religious circles. The de- velopmont of such & theory a few years agowould have been received with intense horror and indignation by the entire religious press. Yet, at this time, the Advance reviows a volume on “ Evolution of Life,” written by Dr. Henry C. Chapman, with o full concgssion of the possie bilities of the theory and of its perfect conso- nance with the Christian faith. A few years ago, all orthodox churches, ministers, and or- gans would have united in denouncing the doc- trines of Evolution asdirectly opposed to that Christian faith which teaches human depravity and a degeneracy from the time of the Savior, and s & philosphical vagary dangerous to the accomplishment of human ealvation. Now, the Advance, for one, comes in and says that we may conceive that God should have adopted this method of gradu- al emancipation, Nor does the Advance stand alone among the religious agencies to agree that this solution of the problem of life, however faulty in other respects, may be consistent with faith. Robert Collyer was one of the earliest in this country to give a preference to the Ascent of man from a lower order of beings rather than to his Descent from a higher order. The progress which has been made by the doc- trine of Evolution, however, is even more nota~- ble in its having received the indorsement, more or less qualified, of many of the most thorough and exacting of living savans. Huxley, Carpen- ter, Bir Charles Lyell, Grove, Cope, and many of the Germon natnralists have adopted it. The President of the British Association for the Ad- ‘vancement of Science, and the President of the American Scientifio Association, have both declared their faith in it. Herbert Bpencer, one of the most powerful minds and one of the most dovoted scientific students of the world, may almost claim it as his own. Among the groat scholars of this country, Mr. Agassiz stood almost alone in opposing it. A writer in a late number of the Quarterly Review ranks the law of Evolution with the law of Grav- itation, and speaks of them together as ¢ the two deepest acientific principles now known.” The law of Gravitation, when first taught by Nowton, received a8 much and as fierco opposi= tion a8 the doctrine of Evolution is receiving. The ablest defence which the doctrine of Evolu- tion has received of late is from the pen of Pro- fessor Youmans, the editor of the Popular Sciencs 2Monthly, in answer to an attack made upon it and its advocates by Dr. Holland, the oditor of Scribner's Monthly. Dr. Holland spoke of the theory as &’ “high-flown, a priori speculation,” Professor Youmans defines a priori tobe “an idea formed before observation and experience of the facts to which it applies.” He holds, on the contrary, that Evolution is a scientifie in- duction, or an ides formed after the facts are Enown and based upon them. He cites several notable cases of scientific advance in proof of this. Ono of them is the principle of the nebu- lous mist a8 tanght by Kant. From this, La- placo and Herachel evolved the nebular hypoth- esis, whichled to the discoveryof important facts in astronomy. This wis mothing more nor less than Astronomical Evolution. 8o geology is made up of facts snd inductions that aro the result of an evolution from & “ featureless globe- of fire,” as Professor Dana calls it. The climates began with universal tropics and gradually evolved the presont divorsities. All life upon the earth, ho contends, shows tho same gradation and continuity that Mr, Darwin claims for the hu- men raco, every specios reproducing in each subsequent age the characteristics of a former agein an .advanced and improved condition. Perhaps the most remarkable example of Evolution is furnished in the successive editions of Bir Charles Lyell's geologi- cal works. In the earlier editions, he sccepted the old idea of the origin of life. He introduced gradual changes through eleven edi- tions, until, in the last, he fully indorses the theory of Evolution, as applied to all terrestrial life. The difference which now exists between Mr. Darwin and the majority of his opponents is of those performances as something which was nover equalled after wo got an opers homse which was dedicated to art with such & grand blowing of trumpets and flamboyant splurge. If tho theatres in those days were able to givous opera in good style, certainly they are better abloto doit now, with the immense improve- ments which have been made since then. Tho necessity for an opera house is, thorefore, mnot a pressing one, The public can afford to wait for it, and, when the eonditions of loisure and money are fulfilled, they may reasonably expect as fine house as there isin the country, and one which will bo an ornament to the city, and a monument of good taste and msthetio culture. But, 25 connected both with music and the con- venience of the public in genoral, wo do need a large and handsome hall—one which will 81l the place which Farwell Hall occupied. First, we meed it for concerts. For many ressons, the simply that which prevails between the positivist and metaphysical schools of thought. Most mausic-lovers are content with hearing a Beetho- ven symphony. The savant says that a certain mechanical movement of the inetru- ments determings tho undulations of the atmosphere; these undulations touch the exterior argans of hearing; the motion, having made its impression upon the ear, is transmitted along the nerves, and, reaching the brain, finds 8 response in the senae of sound, with which are associated various thonghts and emotions. A man looks through a glass and gees the light of & star. The philosophor tells him that this star bas a cortain movement sffecting the undula- tions of ether, which are thus transmitted to the glass, and so to the eye. Here they undergo certain modifications and are iransmitted slong the optic nerve, until the sensa of sight is reached, and with it the sentiments and emotions that belong toit. Bomost people are eatisfed with = knowlng thnd they live in & rortain form and surroundod by & cortaln oondition of sooloty oalled civillzation, Hiatory whows us how olvili- zatlon has beon evolved from barbarism; Mr, Darwin's theory, with its eclentific adjunots, meeka to show how the present state of human lifo has been reached from a lower acale. Never. theless, it is still & theory and not a demonstra- tion. Tho most that can be eaid for & is that it has certain probabilities in its favor. There ia still a large gap tobe closed befors the world can accept it a8 an explanation of the difference betwoen man and the ape, and between the ape and the polyp. THE NATIONRAL STATISTICS. General Francis A. Walker, the Buperintend- ont of the Ninth Census, has just made a roport to the Becretary of the Interior, concerning the progress of his work, which contains many ox- planations of interest, and many suggestions of value. An actof Congress, in 1871, authorized the iseue of extonded tables that should be more comprehensive than any former consus reports. There are three large quarto volumes,—the Population tables, the ““Vital Btatistics,” and the *Inclustry of the United States.” Tho completion of the first two volumes is promised in timo to lay upon the tables of Congressmon at the beginning of the coming sossion, and the last will be issued carly in Jenuary. The maps accompanying this full census roport are described aa possossing great advantages in picturing the sanitary and industrial intercats of the country. In addition to the material afforded the Department by its own census returns, eoveral eminent scholars have contributed important dats for this particalar work. Professor Josoph Honry, of tho Smithsonian Institute, and Pro- fessor Charles A. Schott, of the Coast Burvey office, have added maps showing the annual dis- tribution of rain and the courses taken by the lines of equal temperature, which are expected to become important adjuncts in the develop- ment of agricultural interests, and in determin- ing the relative conditions of human life in various scctions of the country. Professor A. Guyot, of Princeton College, has contributed & physical map of the country, to which Professor Schott hasaddedscomplete and accurate seriesof elevations. Professor Hitcheock, of Ambherst, has fornished a geological map, which exhibits 8ix principal formations. Besides those, there are charts attached to the volume on Popula- tion, ehowing the demsity of total population; the distribution of the colored and foreign ele- ments of our people; the dispersion over the various States of the different nationalities that makeup our foreign population; the compara- tive wealth and education of the different sections, and the geographical and polit~ jcal divisions of the United BStates at all periods between the formation of tha Gov- ernment and the last census year. The volume on Vital Statistics has mapa showing the range, and the comparative degrees of prevalenco, of four general groupings of disease,—consump- tion, typhoid fevers, malarial diseases, and dys- entery and its collaterals. The volume of In- dustry has charts showing the range and com- parative cultivation of cotton, corn, wheat, boy, and tobacco. A full index accompanies these oxtended tables, €0 as to render them easy of reference. ‘While thero is a prospect that these new cen- 8us publications will be the most thorough, com- prehensive, and intelligent that have ever boon made in the country—for which General Walk- ex's eminent statistical ability and honest applt- cation must receive the credit—there is a bitter complaint of the harassing difficulties with which the law of 1850 besot the work of collect- ing the material for the census reports. Gen- eral Walker characterizes the law as “clumsy, antiquated, and barbarous,” and says that the machinery for which it provides is as unfit for use “as the smooth-bore, muzzle-loading Queen's-Arm of the Revolution would be for service against tho ropeating rifle of the present time.” He is of the opinion that, if it were not for the wretched insufficiency and inappropriateness of the provisions of this law, the entire compilation of the consus returns could be completed within a year from the re- ceipt of the first return. In recommending to Congress the repeal of this law and the substi- tution of one more liberal and comprehensive, General Walker alsorecoramendsthe preparation ofan extra census in 1875 asan appropriate fenture of the centennial celebration of the fol- lowing year, intended to fix the first grand epoch in the industrial and social progress of the coun- try. He thinks too, that its trial would lead to the taking of the census once overy five years, instead of every ten years, according to the presont regulation. If, with the necessary improvemonts, the work could bo completed within & year from the date of begioning, this recommendation might have force enongh to warrant its adoption. A Census Report, such as will be presented in the extended tables thus briefly Cescribed, is a ‘basis for physical, social, and industrial knowl- edge that cannot but contribute immensely to the progress of the Nation. TILTON AND THE WOODHULL. If Mr. Tilton believes in the punishment that is complete in this life, the experience he is now undergoing is well calculated to confirm him in that dogma, His pamphlet biography of Victoria C. Woodhull, published a year ago, was not only a hyper-chivalric vindication of the ‘‘stainless whiteness™ of that person's character, and an expression of “ uncommon respect” for her, but it professed 8o minute an acquaintance with the datails of her real and imagined carser as could spparently be gathered from herself only by an sesiduous and confidential friend. The pamphlet was as grotesque as any of the vindications of the charms of his Dul- cinea by Don Quixote, and inspired much the samo impression in the public mind that its suthor had allowed himself to fall into 8 gigan- tio hallacination. The coarse inference drawn by the vulgar from this production was the most improbable one, for no sane man wonld draw publio attention to the character of a woman with whom his own relations were im- pure. By what means Mr. Tilton discovered the mistake in his estimste of the Woodhull has not yet passed into history,—perhaps never may un- less he writes another biography of her inquite the other vein. Certain it is, however, that in the midat of his stumping tour among the green hills of Maine, looking down mpon its trans- parent lakes and breathing its pure air, Mr. Tilton came to his right mind. When some po- litical opponent sought to prick the floating irri- descent bubbles of his eloquence, by asking him Mnlno, bub quite the reverse in New York. Whetherat this or at still more contemptuous scta of indifferonco on tho part of Tilton, Mrs. ‘Woodhull took fire, and apparently revived her suspended paper for & single issue, on purpose to hurl such a libel into the family and fireside of her former biographical champion as would forever blast and refute the fulsome praises con- tained in his biography. The same fallen and flendish malice which inspired Laura Fair to make & widow of Mrs. Crittenden goaded & wom- an, 1 many respects her connterpart, to dart the fangs of her envenomed calumny at Mrs. Tilton, alady who is boyond aspersion and above do- fence. The libeller is in jail, and wo hope her stay there may ben longone. The lesson it teaches is the dangor of vindicating women who walk B0 close to the troach- erous verge a8 to mneed vindicstion. A woman, like an Administration, that noods in- vestigation and ingonious championship to establish her purity, is alreadylost. Itis just at this stago in their caroer that they do more mischief than the openly-abandonod class have power to do. —— OLD BORARD AND HIS WILL. The public can scarcely have forgotten the caso of old Bonard, who died in Now York a year or g0 ago, bequeathing by will an immenso Pproperty, amounting to hundrods of thousands, to the Bociety for the Provention of Cruelly to Animals, and thereby cutting off » horde of col- lateral relatives who developed an astonishing affection for the old gentleman as soon as ho wag dead. Ho was a miser, lived in a garret, deprived himself of even the necessary things of life, took no comfort except in the companionship of pot animals, and confirmed the doctrine of habit being strongest in death, by leaving a fortune for the benefit of the dumb brutes with which ho had always maintained tho closest bonds of sympathy. Of conrse, the will was contested. The trial devel- oped the most extravagant and ludicrous con- duct on the part of the eccentric old man. Evi- dence wus submitted that he believed in the Pythagorean doctrine of the trans- migration of souls, and an effort twas made by those contesting the will to make this beliof the evidence of insanity upon which to set aside the legacy. The Surrogate has just decided that the will shall hold, and has based his decision upon the fact that a belief in the transmigration of soulsis no proof of in- sanity. Tt is probable that the Surrogate’s decision in this case was prompted by the lack of legal proof that Pythagoras was wrong. Itis possi- ble, too, that it will meet with approval from some peopls on the ground that old Bonard was entirely reasonable in his disposi- fjon of eouls. A close observation of the human race, in theindividual examples which are encountered in business and society, might easily discover certain affinities with the lower animals, which would lead to the inference that fature association with them would be the most natural thing in the world, and im many cases an improvement. A follower of Bwedenborg, who thinks that overy hu- man being will find a sphere of future existenco consistent with tho tendencios and habits developed in this life, would not find it difficnlt to believe that the souls of some men should possess the bodies of Bwine, doge, monkeys, goats, tigers, and jackals. It is also prabable that humanitariana conld eite instances in which the lower enimals have de- veloped human instincts. Mr. Bergh could, in all likelihood, produce facts and incidents which would demonstrate that the horses of New York City have shown more manliness in the attributes of energy and steadfastness than their owners and drivers have in charity, mercy, or kindneas. Join together the human tendencies that can be found in animals and the animal tendencics that can be found in humans, and the doctrine of Pythagoras will not appear so preposterons sftor all. The distinguished Fronch ktterateur, M. Theophile Gautier, who has just died in Paris, found the use of it, in s hypothetical ‘way, exceedingly valuableas s means for por- traying the characteristios of his friends and punishing the insulta of his enomies. It may be objected that old Bonard, in his practical adherence to the doctrine of the trane- migration of souls, was not progressive. He was going back instesd of going forward. In this respect, however, he did not differ materially from s large class of peoplein this world, who style themselves conservative, and tako great credit for it. In clinging tenaciously to the belief that he might como back to earth in tho shape of & cat, and providing for his fature welfaro in this condition, he only demonstrated the same cautiousness which some people cherish in joining the church, not be- cause they love God, but becauso they fear the devil. There are many forms of con- servatiem that might be brought forward with as much ovidence of insanity a3 that which old Bonard entertained. One of them is the gen- eral tendency of very rich men to hold to the be- liof thet it is their particular fate to, dio in the poor-house, How an English Clergyman Reforme ed the Morals of & Community. Moncure D. Conway, writing from London to the Cincinnati Commercial, says : There has just come to my knowledge an in- stance of the moral effect which may be pro- duced by making the Sundsy attractive to the minds and tastes of the poor, which may inter- ost some of your philanthropists. A clorgyman of {ho Church of = England, the * Rev. Frederick Bilver, was ap- pointed twenty-two years - ago to a par- ih in Shropshire, called Norton-in-Hales. This parish was noted for drunkenness, Iawless- ness, and every species of vice which ig harvest- ed from general iguorance. Being a man of Bome means, as well 8s of good sense, ho determined to make s bold stroke to compete with the gin-shops for the interest of the roughs on Bundays. Sunday, he perceived, was the very worst day in the week, Satan always finding plenty of mischief to be done by the idle bands of the Nortonians on that day. How to deal with the master? Some eug- gested prayer-meetings, and others ritusl. istic entertainments. But the rector conceived another ides. For many weeks there were seen Boing up to his door large and peculiar boxes and cases, which greatly excited the curiosity of phant, taken from a palace in Delhi dur!njiuf.hu matiny; cases of English coins from William the Conqueror to Queen Victoria; antique watches and jewelry; & case af romarl blo autographs of great men; & moble or- nithological collection, including thirty- two fine Australian specimens; a whole room filled with the costumes, boots and shoes, nets, implements, weapons, &c., of New Zealand, Madugascar, North America, Africa, Chine, an India. Theysaw Cromwell's sword. But I must not try to give you Mr. Silver's catalogue, which implied that the good man had devoted his whole means to his project, and no doubt levied contribations upon’ important sources. Well, this thing has gono on for fifteen years; the reult is that thore is no Best in 'Mr. Silver's church unoccupied, but his mu. soum has revolutionized the cominunil in Norton-in-Halos. I saw, not IonE 8go, a Shrop- sbire paper which declares that the rector found that gnrish ““ 8o lawless that its name had ob- tained a notoriety, and that it is now one of the bappiest communities in England.” The cot- tages uro 8o large and eo handsome that truvellers ul:', “ Where do the adorers live in this village /A school has risen, s new medical " dispenssry, and & library. The rector's church’ had to be rebuilt hold the large crowd, and during the work he a8 in tho Lubit of siding it with his own hands. This is the way Sahbnlh-bre&king bas demoral- ized the Nortonians, who are so infatuated that they recently held s fostival in honor of their rector, whom they declared by resolutions, * the leader in every good work which could promote tho intollectual and moral character of tho peo- le.” If all roctors were like Silver, wo should ear littlo talk of Disestablishment. A WONDERFUL BIBLE. From ths Christian Union, A fow woeks ago we read in s London news- paper, tho Graphic, that a well-known booke seller of New York had purchased for a largs sum thecelcbrated Bibloillustrated by Mr. James Gibbo, of Great Newport street, Soho." Mr. Gibbs, wo wero farther told, had been more than thirty years employed in collecting the il- lustrations. Regrot was expressed in the notica that * go interesting a collection should leavs England;"” but it was added, * we mnst regard tho purchase as another proof of American en- terprise.” This book, or collection of books,— for it ombraces mora than one copy of the entire text, and numerous portions of othors, in & series extending to no less that sixty folio vol- umes,—may now be seen on shelves arranged for the purpose, with every convenience for ex- amination, at the store of Mr. J. W. Bouton, the American purchaser, 706 Broadway. On first taking down any one of its costly dec- orated volumes, the observer who hast not been especially instructed in art matters—and few in this conntry have had this opportunity—must ba struck by the strange pictor.al world of wonders in design to which he ia suddenly introduced. Ho must be emazed and somewhat bewildered s the appoal which it makes to his cnn'o:itg, and at the immense variety of the treasures before him. Any one who _should attempt fairly to describe them woumld be dismayed at the task. Wo have heard” experienced connoisseurs say that it would occupy eix months to write out & Cafa- logue raisonne properly indicating and describ- ing the contonis of thése remarkable volumes. In the first place, there are about thirty thousand prints to look over, and aa these are for the most part designed by the great mastersof Eninting, and execnted with consummate nicety y the best old engravers, the minuteness and fidelity of whose work is, compared with moderg carelessness in such respects, of the most ex- traordinary character, the survey of the whole is very much like passing through & picture gallery of thirty thousand paintings, where each oue is worthy of some particular notice, if, deed, wo could suppose any such extended gal- lery to exist. Frequently you will have wi the compass of two or three inches square an etching by one of the masters of that art which, in fertility of images, and suggestiveness of treatment, r1ic vals the largest canvas. With this class of works, headed by numerous_brilliant examples of the ekill and genius of Rembrandt, the en- tire series of volumes is profusely illustrated. There is not a painters or an ongraver's name tg bo mentioned in connection with sacred art, and this includes every great artist, who is nof e resented by some worthy specimen of his worl Of all nalions and sclicols, from tho days of Albert Durer to those of Reynolds, the; aro every one hero,—the Hoibeins, Michae Angolos,” Titians, Raphaels, Correggios, Mue rillos, Riberas, in fine, the whole dictionary of artists, and engravers as wall, from Maro Antonio to Toscnl and Kaphael Morghen. The Bible is thus essentially an art-book. Mr. Gibbs, whom we have heard spoken of with the grentest respect, is no mere book- meker in this department of work. Ile evidontly, in accumulating this great store- houso of art, looked first of all to what was of essontial value. He has gone to the fountain- heads, avoiding generally the familiar and easy- to-bo-procured modern and ancient pictorial Bi- ble illustrations, and seeking out such ss would bo considered of ecpecial intercst by the ‘most cultivated student. = And s it is the peculiarity of all groat original works—such, for instance, 88 those of Durer, Holbein, Michael Angolo, and tho like—that they are practically inexhaustible in their reach and intelligence, such a collection must offer to every thonghtful mind an unfailing subjectof pursuit. The original drawings form, too, a most important feature of the work. Thoy are exccedingly numerous, often from choip;a private collections, and always of striking nerit. There are sevéral ways in which such a colloo- tion may be regarded. " As an illustration of the Bible Toxt it has many claims to notice. The commentary of Kitto to begin with, which is presented entire, with much other matter of a modorn dato; while of the old versions thera " are specimens in pages ; and often considerabla Eorlinns of the early German, French, and nglish texts, beginning with the oldest. Ad these were often llrgely' lustrated by the best designers and wood engravers, to supply thst appeal to the eye which had been furnished to the few in the illuminated miesals aud sacred manuscript books of an easlier date, their introduction in thenlzresenb serics is peca: liarly appropriate. But Mr. Gibbs has evidently chosen them as well to exhibit the peculiaz language and literature of the Bible before it bad taken its present form. Hundreds of such pages of the great Bibles of the fifteenth and sixtoenth centuries are thus presented. Among the moro modern illustrations of the text some choico specimens of the landscapes by Roberts, from gis great work on the Holy Land, will ba valued. It is as an art work, howaver, that this collec- tion has its most constant claims to attention. No range of subjects have over furnished artists 80 constant a theme, not even the ancient mythology or general history, 2s the Bible, Take it at the very start, the ook of Genesis. When this manis for illustration first de- veloped iteelt early in the century, an Eng. lish_lady, as we have resd the anccdote i Dibdin, ‘or some other learned authority, un- dertook to collect prints for a Bible. She issued ber order, and presently had sent in to ber no less that 3,000 illustrations of Adam and Evo; when, despairing of carrying on the work without Lankruptcy, she gave it np entirely. Ar. Gibbs has been more persevering; though he has been put to his resources to provide for the father ang mother of therace. We think it ia eome half-a-dozen of his early volumes befora he gots through with this apparently inexhausti- blo subject of the Temptation. A very good idea of the general lPt)pll.\ltim! of Ger. many in their naked physical aspect, a8 they s; peared about the fifteeth century, may be ered from the hundreds of illustrations of this subject by Durer and his great contemporaries. Then, passing to the other extreme of the work, what a wealth of illustration in the Madonnas of Raphael and his successors | 0 examine such a work topic should be selected. "In_ numerous in- stances & wholo volume s given to one subject. We take down because it hap- pous to be before us in the centre of the Tow, the one labelled **The Book of Tobit,” for the Apochrypha is included with the rest. ‘What & variety is here in the nog and its_treatment. Artists never had s better field for the exercise of their powers. Here age and youth are con-. L] properly a single his neighbora. Then he purchased the largest suite of rooms he could get in the town. After the curious cases Lind been coming for & month or two, lo! the people of Norton-in- Hales were one morning astonished by the appearance of playeards on every wall, "and on the trees far away in the country, announcing that Mr, Bilver has made up & museum, and that it wonld be open to the public throughont the following Sunday aftornoon! The dissenting parsons groaned ; the deacons were dumb; the roughs rubbed their eyes. On Sunday they first crowded to hear the Rev. Frederick Silver preach. He modetl: related how he had recognized, as Le believec{ ifhehad not written a pamphlet in praise of Victorisa Woodhull, he answered: ‘‘Yes; and Horace Greeley told me it was the one Bupreme follyof my life! Now, will yon vote sgainst him because I was wrong and he wasright?" The anawer Was effective and satisfactory in the chief need of the town, and why be bad resolved to collect & museum. In the afternoon they crowded to - the museum. They saw there over one hun- dred capital Blinlinga, among them works by Carlo Dolcs, Del Piombo, Curacci, Westall, Ho- arth, N. Poussin, Wouvérmans, Gainsborough, andseer. They saw a model of the Al)nmgn in Spain; specimens of cocoons at work, and the 860 colors ailk can take: fine modal of an ele- lxutted 1tn their mostt l.tgacfing a’.f'omm, with_the constant presence of the angel, accompanying the wayfarer on his pilgrimage through Gganel ci yarying terrorand joy. 7The artists in this book have drawn from every sentence their abounding inspiration, in the landscape of the Jjournay, the weird magical incantations, the cure of the old man's blindness, the beauty of the betrothed maiden, the funerals of her lovers, the final tris umph of Tobias over the fiend, the mlrriago ecene and family re; oicings. Let any one who would Eet & comprehensive idea of the work take down that book of Tobit, with its wealth of pic- torial illustrations, in almost every school of art, md.hy mauy of its greatest masters.” . —The people of Lincoln, Neb., have been bore ing artesian wells nearly s fifth of a mile deep without reaching water. A paperin a rival city 8ay8: " *‘The work is pursued chiefly as a matter of curiosity, for there ien't s human being in the gillca Who would take the tronble tojgo the sams ua\t;;ggcnsdud lovel in search of the same a